tools/trace_to_text/pprof_builder.cc - platform/external/perfetto - Git at Google

 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */

 #include "perfetto/profiling/pprof_builder.h"

 #include <cxxabi.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>

 #include <algorithm>
 #include <map>
 #include <set>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>

 #include "tools/trace_to_text/utils.h"

 #include "perfetto/base/logging.h"
 #include "perfetto/base/time.h"
 #include "perfetto/ext/base/string_utils.h"
 #include "perfetto/ext/base/utils.h"
 #include "perfetto/protozero/packed_repeated_fields.h"
 #include "perfetto/protozero/scattered_heap_buffer.h"
 #include "perfetto/trace_processor/trace_processor.h"

 #include "src/profiling/symbolizer/symbolize_database.h"
 #include "src/profiling/symbolizer/symbolizer.h"

 #include "protos/perfetto/trace/trace.pbzero.h"
 #include "protos/perfetto/trace/trace_packet.pbzero.h"
 #include "protos/third_party/pprof/profile.pbzero.h"

 namespace perfetto {
 namespace trace_to_text {

 namespace {

 using ::protozero::proto_utils::kMessageLengthFieldSize;
 using ::protozero::proto_utils::MakeTagLengthDelimited;
 using ::protozero::proto_utils::WriteVarInt;

 struct View {
   const char* type;
   const char* unit;
   const char* aggregator;
   const char* filter;
 };

 void MaybeDemangle(std::string* name) {
   int ignored;
   char* data = abi::__cxa_demangle(name->c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, &ignored);
   if (data) {
     *name = data;
     free(data);
   }
 }

 const View kSpaceView{"space", "bytes", "SUM(size)", nullptr};
 const View kAllocSpaceView{"alloc_space", "bytes", "SUM(size)", "size > 0"};
 const View kAllocObjectsView{"alloc_objects", "count", "sum(count)",
                              "size > 0"};
 const View kObjectsView{"objects", "count", "SUM(count)", nullptr};

 const View kViews[] = {kAllocObjectsView, kObjectsView, kAllocSpaceView,
                        kSpaceView};

 using Iterator = trace_processor::TraceProcessor::Iterator;

 constexpr const char* kQueryProfiles =
     "select distinct hpa.upid, hpa.ts, p.pid from heap_profile_allocation hpa, "
     "process p where p.upid = hpa.upid;";

 int64_t GetStatsInt(trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp,
                     const std::string& name,
                     uint64_t pid) {
   auto it = tp->ExecuteQuery("SELECT value from stats where name = '" + name +
                              "' AND idx = " + std::to_string(pid));
   if (!it.Next()) {
     if (!it.Status().ok()) {
       PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Invalid iterator: %s",
                               it.Status().message().c_str());
       return -1;
     }
     // TODO(fmayer): Remove this case once we always get an entry in the stats
     // table.
     return 0;
   }
   return it.Get(0).AsLong();
 }

 bool VerifyPIDStats(trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp, uint64_t pid) {
   bool success = true;
   int64_t stat = GetStatsInt(tp, "heapprofd_buffer_corrupted", pid);
   if (stat == -1) {
     PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Failed to get heapprofd_buffer_corrupted stat");
   } else if (stat > 0) {
     success = false;
     PERFETTO_ELOG("WARNING: The profile for %" PRIu64
                   " ended early due to a buffer corruption."
                   " THIS IS ALWAYS A BUG IN HEAPPROFD OR"
                   " CLIENT MEMORY CORRUPTION.",
                   pid);
   }
   stat = GetStatsInt(tp, "heapprofd_buffer_overran", pid);
   if (stat == -1) {
     PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Failed to get heapprofd_buffer_overran stat");
   } else if (stat > 0) {
     success = false;
     PERFETTO_ELOG("WARNING: The profile for %" PRIu64
                   " ended early due to a buffer overrun.",
                   pid);
   }

   stat = GetStatsInt(tp, "heapprofd_rejected_concurrent", pid);
   if (stat == -1) {
     PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Failed to get heapprofd_rejected_concurrent stat");
   } else if (stat > 0) {
     success = false;
     PERFETTO_ELOG("WARNING: The profile for %" PRIu64
                   " was rejected due to a concurrent profile.",
                   pid);
   }
   return success;
 }

 struct Callsite {
   int64_t id;
   int64_t frame_id;
 };

 // Return map from callsite_id to list of frame_ids that make up the callstack.
 std::vector<std::vector<int64_t>> GetCallsiteToFrames(
     trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp) {
   Iterator count_it =
       tp->ExecuteQuery("select count(*) from stack_profile_callsite;");
   if (!count_it.Next()) {
     PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Failed to get number of callsites: %s",
                             count_it.Status().message().c_str());
     return {};
   }
   int64_t count = count_it.Get(0).AsLong();

   Iterator it = tp->ExecuteQuery(
       "select id, parent_id, frame_id from stack_profile_callsite order by "
       "depth;");
   std::vector<std::vector<int64_t>> result(static_cast<size_t>(count));
   while (it.Next()) {
     int64_t id = it.Get(0).AsLong();
     int64_t frame_id = it.Get(2).AsLong();
     std::vector<int64_t>& path = result[static_cast<size_t>(id)];
     path.push_back(frame_id);

     auto parent_id_value = it.Get(1);
     if (!parent_id_value.is_null()) {
       const std::vector<int64_t>& parent_path =
           result[static_cast<size_t>(parent_id_value.AsLong())];
       path.insert(path.end(), parent_path.begin(), parent_path.end());
     }
   }

   if (!it.Status().ok()) {
     PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Invalid iterator: %s",
                             it.Status().message().c_str());
     return {};
   }
   return result;
 }

 struct Line {
   int64_t symbol_id;
   uint32_t line_number;
 };

 std::map<int64_t, std::vector<Line>> GetSymbolSetIdToLines(
     trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp) {
   std::map<int64_t, std::vector<Line>> result;
   Iterator it = tp->ExecuteQuery(
       "SELECT symbol_set_id, id, line_number FROM stack_profile_symbol;");
   while (it.Next()) {
     int64_t symbol_set_id = it.Get(0).AsLong();
     int64_t id = it.Get(1).AsLong();
     int64_t line_number = it.Get(2).AsLong();
     result[symbol_set_id].emplace_back(
         Line{id, static_cast<uint32_t>(line_number)});
   }

   if (!it.Status().ok()) {
     PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Invalid iterator: %s",
                             it.Status().message().c_str());
     return {};
   }
   return result;
 }

 class GProfileBuilder {
  public:
   GProfileBuilder(
       const std::vector<std::vector<int64_t>>& callsite_to_frames,
       const std::map<int64_t, std::vector<Line>>& symbol_set_id_to_lines,
       int64_t max_symbol_id)
       : callsite_to_frames_(callsite_to_frames),
         symbol_set_id_to_lines_(symbol_set_id_to_lines),
         max_symbol_id_(max_symbol_id) {
     // The pprof format expects the first entry in the string table to be the
     // empty string.
     int64_t empty_id = Intern("");
     PERFETTO_CHECK(empty_id == 0);
   }

   std::vector<Iterator> BuildViewIterators(trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp,
                                            uint64_t upid,
                                            uint64_t ts) {
     std::vector<Iterator> view_its;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < base::ArraySize(kViews); ++i) {
       const View& v = kViews[i];
       std::string query = "SELECT hpa.callsite_id ";
       query += ", " + std::string(v.aggregator) +
                " FROM heap_profile_allocation hpa ";
       // TODO(fmayer): Figure out where negative callsite_id comes from.
       query += "WHERE hpa.callsite_id >= 0 ";
       query += "AND hpa.upid = " + std::to_string(upid) + " ";
       query += "AND hpa.ts <= " + std::to_string(ts) + " ";
       if (v.filter)
         query += "AND " + std::string(v.filter) + " ";
       query += "GROUP BY hpa.callsite_id;";
       view_its.emplace_back(tp->ExecuteQuery(query));
     }
     return view_its;
   }

   bool WriteAllocations(std::vector<Iterator>* view_its,
                         std::set<int64_t>* seen_frames) {
     for (;;) {
       bool all_next = true;
       bool any_next = false;
       for (size_t i = 0; i < base::ArraySize(kViews); ++i) {
         Iterator& it = (*view_its)[i];
         bool next = it.Next();
         if (!it.Status().ok()) {
           PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Invalid view iterator: %s",
                                   it.Status().message().c_str());
           return false;
         }
         all_next = all_next && next;
         any_next = any_next || next;
       }

       if (!all_next) {
         PERFETTO_DCHECK(!any_next);
         break;
       }

       auto* gsample = result_->add_sample();
       protozero::PackedVarInt sample_values;
       for (size_t i = 0; i < base::ArraySize(kViews); ++i) {
         int64_t callstack_id = (*view_its)[i].Get(0).AsLong();
         if (i == 0) {
           auto frames = FramesForCallstack(callstack_id);
           if (frames.empty())
             return false;
           protozero::PackedVarInt location_ids;
           for (int64_t frame : frames)
             location_ids.Append(ToPprofId(frame));
           gsample->set_location_id(location_ids);
           seen_frames->insert(frames.cbegin(), frames.cend());
         } else {
           if (callstack_id != (*view_its)[i].Get(0).AsLong()) {
             PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Wrong callstack.");
             return false;
           }
         }
         sample_values.Append((*view_its)[i].Get(1).AsLong());
       }
       gsample->set_value(sample_values);
     }
     return true;
   }

   bool WriteMappings(trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp,
                      const std::set<int64_t> seen_mappings) {
     Iterator mapping_it = tp->ExecuteQuery(
         "SELECT id, exact_offset, start, end, name "
         "FROM stack_profile_mapping;");
     size_t mappings_no = 0;
     while (mapping_it.Next()) {
       int64_t id = mapping_it.Get(0).AsLong();
       if (seen_mappings.find(id) == seen_mappings.end())
         continue;
       ++mappings_no;
       auto interned_filename = Intern(mapping_it.Get(4).AsString());
       auto* gmapping = result_->add_mapping();
       gmapping->set_id(ToPprofId(id));
       // Do not set the build_id here to avoid downstream services
       // trying to symbolize (e.g. b/141735056)
       gmapping->set_file_offset(
           static_cast<uint64_t>(mapping_it.Get(1).AsLong()));
       gmapping->set_memory_start(
           static_cast<uint64_t>(mapping_it.Get(2).AsLong()));
       gmapping->set_memory_limit(
           static_cast<uint64_t>(mapping_it.Get(3).AsLong()));
       gmapping->set_filename(interned_filename);
     }
     if (!mapping_it.Status().ok()) {
       PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Invalid mapping iterator: %s",
                               mapping_it.Status().message().c_str());
       return false;
     }
     if (mappings_no != seen_mappings.size()) {
       PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Missing mappings.");
       return false;
     }
     return true;
   }

   bool WriteSymbols(trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp,
                     const std::set<int64_t>& seen_symbol_ids) {
     Iterator symbol_it = tp->ExecuteQuery(
         "SELECT id, name, source_file FROM stack_profile_symbol");
     size_t symbols_no = 0;
     while (symbol_it.Next()) {
       int64_t id = symbol_it.Get(0).AsLong();
       if (seen_symbol_ids.find(id) == seen_symbol_ids.end())
         continue;
       ++symbols_no;
       const std::string& name = symbol_it.Get(1).AsString();
       std::string demangled_name = name;
       MaybeDemangle(&demangled_name);

       auto interned_demangled_name = Intern(demangled_name);
       auto interned_system_name = Intern(name);
       auto interned_filename = Intern(symbol_it.Get(2).AsString());
       auto* gfunction = result_->add_function();
       gfunction->set_id(ToPprofId(id));
       gfunction->set_name(interned_demangled_name);
       gfunction->set_system_name(interned_system_name);
       gfunction->set_filename(interned_filename);
     }

     if (!symbol_it.Status().ok()) {
       PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Invalid iterator: %s",
                               symbol_it.Status().message().c_str());
       return false;
     }

     if (symbols_no != seen_symbol_ids.size()) {
       PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Missing symbols.");
       return false;
     }
     return true;
   }

   bool WriteFrames(trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp,
                    const std::set<int64_t>& seen_frames,
                    std::set<int64_t>* seen_mappings,
                    std::set<int64_t>* seen_symbol_ids) {
     Iterator frame_it = tp->ExecuteQuery(
         "SELECT spf.id, spf.name, spf.mapping, spf.rel_pc, spf.symbol_set_id "
         "FROM stack_profile_frame spf;");
     size_t frames_no = 0;
     while (frame_it.Next()) {
       int64_t frame_id = frame_it.Get(0).AsLong();
       if (seen_frames.find(frame_id) == seen_frames.end())
         continue;
       frames_no++;
       std::string frame_name = frame_it.Get(1).AsString();
       int64_t mapping_id = frame_it.Get(2).AsLong();
       int64_t rel_pc = frame_it.Get(3).AsLong();
       base::Optional<int64_t> symbol_set_id;
       if (!frame_it.Get(4).is_null())
         symbol_set_id = frame_it.Get(4).AsLong();

       seen_mappings->emplace(mapping_id);
       auto* glocation = result_->add_location();
       glocation->set_id(ToPprofId(frame_id));
       glocation->set_mapping_id(ToPprofId(mapping_id));
       // TODO(fmayer): Convert to abspc.
       // relpc + (mapping.start - (mapping.exact_offset -
       //                           mapping.start_offset)).
       glocation->set_address(static_cast<uint64_t>(rel_pc));
       if (symbol_set_id) {
         for (const Line& line : LineForSymbolSetId(*symbol_set_id)) {
           seen_symbol_ids->emplace(line.symbol_id);
           auto* gline = glocation->add_line();
           gline->set_line(line.line_number);
           gline->set_function_id(ToPprofId(line.symbol_id));
         }
       } else {
         int64_t synthesized_symbol_id = ++max_symbol_id_;
         std::string demangled_name = frame_name;
         MaybeDemangle(&demangled_name);

         auto* gline = glocation->add_line();
         gline->set_line(0);
         gline->set_function_id(ToPprofId(synthesized_symbol_id));

         auto interned_demangled_name = Intern(demangled_name);
         auto interned_system_name = Intern(frame_name);
         auto* gfunction = result_->add_function();
         gfunction->set_id(ToPprofId(synthesized_symbol_id));
         gfunction->set_name(interned_demangled_name);
         gfunction->set_system_name(interned_system_name);
       }
     }

     if (!frame_it.Status().ok()) {
       PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Invalid iterator: %s",
                               frame_it.Status().message().c_str());
       return false;
     }
     if (frames_no != seen_frames.size()) {
       PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Missing frames.");
       return false;
     }
     return true;
   }

   uint64_t ToPprofId(int64_t id) {
     PERFETTO_DCHECK(id >= 0);
     return static_cast<uint64_t>(id) + 1;
   }

   void WriteSampleTypes() {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < base::ArraySize(kViews); ++i) {
       Intern(kViews[i].type);
       Intern(kViews[i].unit);
     }

     for (size_t i = 0; i < base::ArraySize(kViews); ++i) {
       auto* sample_type = result_->add_sample_type();
       sample_type->set_type(Intern(kViews[i].type));
       sample_type->set_unit(Intern(kViews[i].unit));
     }
   }

   std::string GenerateGProfile(trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp,
                                uint64_t upid,
                                uint64_t ts) {
     std::set<int64_t> seen_frames;
     std::set<int64_t> seen_mappings;
     std::set<int64_t> seen_symbol_ids;

     std::vector<Iterator> view_its = BuildViewIterators(tp, upid, ts);

     WriteSampleTypes();
     if (!WriteAllocations(&view_its, &seen_frames))
       return {};
     if (!WriteFrames(tp, seen_frames, &seen_mappings, &seen_symbol_ids))
       return {};
     if (!WriteMappings(tp, seen_mappings))
       return {};
     if (!WriteSymbols(tp, seen_symbol_ids))
       return {};
     return result_.SerializeAsString();
   }

   const std::vector<int64_t>& FramesForCallstack(int64_t callstack_id) {
     size_t callsite_idx = static_cast<size_t>(callstack_id);
     PERFETTO_CHECK(callstack_id >= 0 &&
                    callsite_idx < callsite_to_frames_.size());
     return callsite_to_frames_[callsite_idx];
   }

   const std::vector<Line>& LineForSymbolSetId(int64_t symbol_set_id) {
     auto it = symbol_set_id_to_lines_.find(symbol_set_id);
     if (it == symbol_set_id_to_lines_.end())
       return empty_line_vector_;
     return it->second;
   }

   int64_t Intern(const std::string& s) {
     auto it = string_table_.find(s);
     if (it == string_table_.end()) {
       std::tie(it, std::ignore) =
           string_table_.emplace(s, string_table_.size());
       result_->add_string_table(s);
     }
     return it->second;
   }

  private:
   protozero::HeapBuffered<third_party::perftools::profiles::pbzero::Profile>
       result_;
   std::map<std::string, int64_t> string_table_;
   const std::vector<std::vector<int64_t>>& callsite_to_frames_;
   const std::map<int64_t, std::vector<Line>>& symbol_set_id_to_lines_;
   const std::vector<Line> empty_line_vector_;
   int64_t max_symbol_id_;
 };

 }  // namespace

 bool TraceToPprof(std::istream* input,
                   std::vector<SerializedProfile>* output,
                   profiling::Symbolizer* symbolizer,
                   uint64_t pid,
                   const std::vector<uint64_t>& timestamps) {
   trace_processor::Config config;
   std::unique_ptr<trace_processor::TraceProcessor> tp =
       trace_processor::TraceProcessor::CreateInstance(config);

   if (!ReadTrace(tp.get(), input))
     return false;

   tp->NotifyEndOfFile();
   return TraceToPprof(tp.get(), output, symbolizer, pid, timestamps);
 }

 bool TraceToPprof(trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp,
                   std::vector<SerializedProfile>* output,
                   profiling::Symbolizer* symbolizer,
                   uint64_t pid,
                   const std::vector<uint64_t>& timestamps) {
   if (symbolizer) {
     profiling::SymbolizeDatabase(
         tp, symbolizer, [tp](const std::string& trace_proto) {
           std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> buf(new uint8_t[trace_proto.size()]);
           memcpy(buf.get(), trace_proto.data(), trace_proto.size());
           auto status = tp->Parse(std::move(buf), trace_proto.size());
           if (!status.ok()) {
             PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Failed to parse: %s",
                                     status.message().c_str());
             return;
           }
         });
   }

   tp->NotifyEndOfFile();
   auto max_symbol_id_it =
       tp->ExecuteQuery("SELECT MAX(id) from stack_profile_symbol");
   if (!max_symbol_id_it.Next()) {
     PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Failed to get max symbol set id: %s",
                             max_symbol_id_it.Status().message().c_str());
     return false;
   }

   int64_t max_symbol_id = max_symbol_id_it.Get(0).AsLong();
   const auto callsite_to_frames = GetCallsiteToFrames(tp);
   const auto symbol_set_id_to_lines = GetSymbolSetIdToLines(tp);

   bool any_fail = false;
   Iterator it = tp->ExecuteQuery(kQueryProfiles);
   while (it.Next()) {
     GProfileBuilder builder(callsite_to_frames, symbol_set_id_to_lines,
                             max_symbol_id);
     uint64_t upid = static_cast<uint64_t>(it.Get(0).AsLong());
     uint64_t ts = static_cast<uint64_t>(it.Get(1).AsLong());
     uint64_t profile_pid = static_cast<uint64_t>(it.Get(2).AsLong());
     if ((pid > 0 && profile_pid != pid) ||
         (!timestamps.empty() && std::find(timestamps.begin(), timestamps.end(),
                                           ts) == timestamps.end())) {
       continue;
     }

     if (!VerifyPIDStats(tp, pid))
       any_fail = true;

     std::string pid_query = "select pid from process where upid = ";
     pid_query += std::to_string(upid) + ";";
     Iterator pid_it = tp->ExecuteQuery(pid_query);
     PERFETTO_CHECK(pid_it.Next());

     std::string profile_proto = builder.GenerateGProfile(tp, upid, ts);
     output->emplace_back(SerializedProfile{
         static_cast<uint64_t>(pid_it.Get(0).AsLong()), profile_proto});
   }
   if (any_fail) {
     PERFETTO_ELOG(
         "One or more of your profiles had an issue. Please consult "
         "https://docs.perfetto.dev/#/heapprofd?id=troubleshooting.");
   }
   if (!it.Status().ok()) {
     PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Invalid iterator: %s",
                             it.Status().message().c_str());
     return false;
   }
   return true;
 }

 bool TraceToPprof(std::istream* input,
                   std::vector<SerializedProfile>* output,
                   uint64_t pid,
                   const std::vector<uint64_t>& timestamps) {
   return TraceToPprof(input, output, nullptr, pid, timestamps);
 }

 }  // namespace trace_to_text
 }  // namespace perfetto
	/*
	* Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
	*
	* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	* You may obtain a copy of the License at
	*
	* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	*
	* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	* limitations under the License.
	*/

	#include "perfetto/profiling/pprof_builder.h"

	#include <cxxabi.h>
	#include <inttypes.h>

	#include <algorithm>
	#include <map>
	#include <set>
	#include <utility>
	#include <vector>

	#include "tools/trace_to_text/utils.h"

	#include "perfetto/base/logging.h"
	#include "perfetto/base/time.h"
	#include "perfetto/ext/base/string_utils.h"
	#include "perfetto/ext/base/utils.h"
	#include "perfetto/protozero/packed_repeated_fields.h"
	#include "perfetto/protozero/scattered_heap_buffer.h"
	#include "perfetto/trace_processor/trace_processor.h"

	#include "src/profiling/symbolizer/symbolize_database.h"
	#include "src/profiling/symbolizer/symbolizer.h"

	#include "protos/perfetto/trace/trace.pbzero.h"
	#include "protos/perfetto/trace/trace_packet.pbzero.h"
	#include "protos/third_party/pprof/profile.pbzero.h"

	namespace perfetto {
	namespace trace_to_text {

	namespace {

	using ::protozero::proto_utils::kMessageLengthFieldSize;
	using ::protozero::proto_utils::MakeTagLengthDelimited;
	using ::protozero::proto_utils::WriteVarInt;

	struct View {
	const char* type;
	const char* unit;
	const char* aggregator;
	const char* filter;
	};

	void MaybeDemangle(std::string* name) {
	int ignored;
	char* data = abi::__cxa_demangle(name->c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, &ignored);
	if (data) {
	*name = data;
	free(data);
	}
	}

	const View kSpaceView{"space", "bytes", "SUM(size)", nullptr};
	const View kAllocSpaceView{"alloc_space", "bytes", "SUM(size)", "size > 0"};
	const View kAllocObjectsView{"alloc_objects", "count", "sum(count)",
	"size > 0"};
	const View kObjectsView{"objects", "count", "SUM(count)", nullptr};

	const View kViews[] = {kAllocObjectsView, kObjectsView, kAllocSpaceView,
	kSpaceView};

	using Iterator = trace_processor::TraceProcessor::Iterator;

	constexpr const char* kQueryProfiles =
	"select distinct hpa.upid, hpa.ts, p.pid from heap_profile_allocation hpa, "
	"process p where p.upid = hpa.upid;";

	int64_t GetStatsInt(trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp,
	const std::string& name,
	uint64_t pid) {
	auto it = tp->ExecuteQuery("SELECT value from stats where name = '" + name +
	"' AND idx = " + std::to_string(pid));
	if (!it.Next()) {
	if (!it.Status().ok()) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Invalid iterator: %s",
	it.Status().message().c_str());
	return -1;
	}
	// TODO(fmayer): Remove this case once we always get an entry in the stats
	// table.
	return 0;
	}
	return it.Get(0).AsLong();
	}

	bool VerifyPIDStats(trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp, uint64_t pid) {
	bool success = true;
	int64_t stat = GetStatsInt(tp, "heapprofd_buffer_corrupted", pid);
	if (stat == -1) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Failed to get heapprofd_buffer_corrupted stat");
	} else if (stat > 0) {
	success = false;
	PERFETTO_ELOG("WARNING: The profile for %" PRIu64
	" ended early due to a buffer corruption."
	" THIS IS ALWAYS A BUG IN HEAPPROFD OR"
	" CLIENT MEMORY CORRUPTION.",
	pid);
	}
	stat = GetStatsInt(tp, "heapprofd_buffer_overran", pid);
	if (stat == -1) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Failed to get heapprofd_buffer_overran stat");
	} else if (stat > 0) {
	success = false;
	PERFETTO_ELOG("WARNING: The profile for %" PRIu64
	" ended early due to a buffer overrun.",
	pid);
	}

	stat = GetStatsInt(tp, "heapprofd_rejected_concurrent", pid);
	if (stat == -1) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Failed to get heapprofd_rejected_concurrent stat");
	} else if (stat > 0) {
	success = false;
	PERFETTO_ELOG("WARNING: The profile for %" PRIu64
	" was rejected due to a concurrent profile.",
	pid);
	}
	return success;
	}

	struct Callsite {
	int64_t id;
	int64_t frame_id;
	};

	// Return map from callsite_id to list of frame_ids that make up the callstack.
	std::vector<std::vector<int64_t>> GetCallsiteToFrames(
	trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp) {
	Iterator count_it =
	tp->ExecuteQuery("select count(*) from stack_profile_callsite;");
	if (!count_it.Next()) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Failed to get number of callsites: %s",
	count_it.Status().message().c_str());
	return {};
	}
	int64_t count = count_it.Get(0).AsLong();

	Iterator it = tp->ExecuteQuery(
	"select id, parent_id, frame_id from stack_profile_callsite order by "
	"depth;");
	std::vector<std::vector<int64_t>> result(static_cast<size_t>(count));
	while (it.Next()) {
	int64_t id = it.Get(0).AsLong();
	int64_t frame_id = it.Get(2).AsLong();
	std::vector<int64_t>& path = result[static_cast<size_t>(id)];
	path.push_back(frame_id);

	auto parent_id_value = it.Get(1);
	if (!parent_id_value.is_null()) {
	const std::vector<int64_t>& parent_path =
	result[static_cast<size_t>(parent_id_value.AsLong())];
	path.insert(path.end(), parent_path.begin(), parent_path.end());
	}
	}

	if (!it.Status().ok()) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Invalid iterator: %s",
	it.Status().message().c_str());
	return {};
	}
	return result;
	}

	struct Line {
	int64_t symbol_id;
	uint32_t line_number;
	};

	std::map<int64_t, std::vector<Line>> GetSymbolSetIdToLines(
	trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp) {
	std::map<int64_t, std::vector<Line>> result;
	Iterator it = tp->ExecuteQuery(
	"SELECT symbol_set_id, id, line_number FROM stack_profile_symbol;");
	while (it.Next()) {
	int64_t symbol_set_id = it.Get(0).AsLong();
	int64_t id = it.Get(1).AsLong();
	int64_t line_number = it.Get(2).AsLong();
	result[symbol_set_id].emplace_back(
	Line{id, static_cast<uint32_t>(line_number)});
	}

	if (!it.Status().ok()) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Invalid iterator: %s",
	it.Status().message().c_str());
	return {};
	}
	return result;
	}

	class GProfileBuilder {
	public:
	GProfileBuilder(
	const std::vector<std::vector<int64_t>>& callsite_to_frames,
	const std::map<int64_t, std::vector<Line>>& symbol_set_id_to_lines,
	int64_t max_symbol_id)
	: callsite_to_frames_(callsite_to_frames),
	symbol_set_id_to_lines_(symbol_set_id_to_lines),
	max_symbol_id_(max_symbol_id) {
	// The pprof format expects the first entry in the string table to be the
	// empty string.
	int64_t empty_id = Intern("");
	PERFETTO_CHECK(empty_id == 0);
	}

	std::vector<Iterator> BuildViewIterators(trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp,
	uint64_t upid,
	uint64_t ts) {
	std::vector<Iterator> view_its;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < base::ArraySize(kViews); ++i) {
	const View& v = kViews[i];
	std::string query = "SELECT hpa.callsite_id ";
	query += ", " + std::string(v.aggregator) +
	" FROM heap_profile_allocation hpa ";
	// TODO(fmayer): Figure out where negative callsite_id comes from.
	query += "WHERE hpa.callsite_id >= 0 ";
	query += "AND hpa.upid = " + std::to_string(upid) + " ";
	query += "AND hpa.ts <= " + std::to_string(ts) + " ";
	if (v.filter)
	query += "AND " + std::string(v.filter) + " ";
	query += "GROUP BY hpa.callsite_id;";
	view_its.emplace_back(tp->ExecuteQuery(query));
	}
	return view_its;
	}

	bool WriteAllocations(std::vector<Iterator>* view_its,
	std::set<int64_t>* seen_frames) {
	for (;;) {
	bool all_next = true;
	bool any_next = false;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < base::ArraySize(kViews); ++i) {
	Iterator& it = (*view_its)[i];
	bool next = it.Next();
	if (!it.Status().ok()) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Invalid view iterator: %s",
	it.Status().message().c_str());
	return false;
	}
	all_next = all_next && next;
	any_next = any_next \|\| next;
	}

	if (!all_next) {
	PERFETTO_DCHECK(!any_next);
	break;
	}

	auto* gsample = result_->add_sample();
	protozero::PackedVarInt sample_values;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < base::ArraySize(kViews); ++i) {
	int64_t callstack_id = (*view_its)[i].Get(0).AsLong();
	if (i == 0) {
	auto frames = FramesForCallstack(callstack_id);
	if (frames.empty())
	return false;
	protozero::PackedVarInt location_ids;
	for (int64_t frame : frames)
	location_ids.Append(ToPprofId(frame));
	gsample->set_location_id(location_ids);
	seen_frames->insert(frames.cbegin(), frames.cend());
	} else {
	if (callstack_id != (*view_its)[i].Get(0).AsLong()) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Wrong callstack.");
	return false;
	}
	}
	sample_values.Append((*view_its)[i].Get(1).AsLong());
	}
	gsample->set_value(sample_values);
	}
	return true;
	}

	bool WriteMappings(trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp,
	const std::set<int64_t> seen_mappings) {
	Iterator mapping_it = tp->ExecuteQuery(
	"SELECT id, exact_offset, start, end, name "
	"FROM stack_profile_mapping;");
	size_t mappings_no = 0;
	while (mapping_it.Next()) {
	int64_t id = mapping_it.Get(0).AsLong();
	if (seen_mappings.find(id) == seen_mappings.end())
	continue;
	++mappings_no;
	auto interned_filename = Intern(mapping_it.Get(4).AsString());
	auto* gmapping = result_->add_mapping();
	gmapping->set_id(ToPprofId(id));
	// Do not set the build_id here to avoid downstream services
	// trying to symbolize (e.g. b/141735056)
	gmapping->set_file_offset(
	static_cast<uint64_t>(mapping_it.Get(1).AsLong()));
	gmapping->set_memory_start(
	static_cast<uint64_t>(mapping_it.Get(2).AsLong()));
	gmapping->set_memory_limit(
	static_cast<uint64_t>(mapping_it.Get(3).AsLong()));
	gmapping->set_filename(interned_filename);
	}
	if (!mapping_it.Status().ok()) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Invalid mapping iterator: %s",
	mapping_it.Status().message().c_str());
	return false;
	}
	if (mappings_no != seen_mappings.size()) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Missing mappings.");
	return false;
	}
	return true;
	}

	bool WriteSymbols(trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp,
	const std::set<int64_t>& seen_symbol_ids) {
	Iterator symbol_it = tp->ExecuteQuery(
	"SELECT id, name, source_file FROM stack_profile_symbol");
	size_t symbols_no = 0;
	while (symbol_it.Next()) {
	int64_t id = symbol_it.Get(0).AsLong();
	if (seen_symbol_ids.find(id) == seen_symbol_ids.end())
	continue;
	++symbols_no;
	const std::string& name = symbol_it.Get(1).AsString();
	std::string demangled_name = name;
	MaybeDemangle(&demangled_name);

	auto interned_demangled_name = Intern(demangled_name);
	auto interned_system_name = Intern(name);
	auto interned_filename = Intern(symbol_it.Get(2).AsString());
	auto* gfunction = result_->add_function();
	gfunction->set_id(ToPprofId(id));
	gfunction->set_name(interned_demangled_name);
	gfunction->set_system_name(interned_system_name);
	gfunction->set_filename(interned_filename);
	}

	if (!symbol_it.Status().ok()) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Invalid iterator: %s",
	symbol_it.Status().message().c_str());
	return false;
	}

	if (symbols_no != seen_symbol_ids.size()) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Missing symbols.");
	return false;
	}
	return true;
	}

	bool WriteFrames(trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp,
	const std::set<int64_t>& seen_frames,
	std::set<int64_t>* seen_mappings,
	std::set<int64_t>* seen_symbol_ids) {
	Iterator frame_it = tp->ExecuteQuery(
	"SELECT spf.id, spf.name, spf.mapping, spf.rel_pc, spf.symbol_set_id "
	"FROM stack_profile_frame spf;");
	size_t frames_no = 0;
	while (frame_it.Next()) {
	int64_t frame_id = frame_it.Get(0).AsLong();
	if (seen_frames.find(frame_id) == seen_frames.end())
	continue;
	frames_no++;
	std::string frame_name = frame_it.Get(1).AsString();
	int64_t mapping_id = frame_it.Get(2).AsLong();
	int64_t rel_pc = frame_it.Get(3).AsLong();
	base::Optional<int64_t> symbol_set_id;
	if (!frame_it.Get(4).is_null())
	symbol_set_id = frame_it.Get(4).AsLong();

	seen_mappings->emplace(mapping_id);
	auto* glocation = result_->add_location();
	glocation->set_id(ToPprofId(frame_id));
	glocation->set_mapping_id(ToPprofId(mapping_id));
	// TODO(fmayer): Convert to abspc.
	// relpc + (mapping.start - (mapping.exact_offset -
	// mapping.start_offset)).
	glocation->set_address(static_cast<uint64_t>(rel_pc));
	if (symbol_set_id) {
	for (const Line& line : LineForSymbolSetId(*symbol_set_id)) {
	seen_symbol_ids->emplace(line.symbol_id);
	auto* gline = glocation->add_line();
	gline->set_line(line.line_number);
	gline->set_function_id(ToPprofId(line.symbol_id));
	}
	} else {
	int64_t synthesized_symbol_id = ++max_symbol_id_;
	std::string demangled_name = frame_name;
	MaybeDemangle(&demangled_name);

	auto* gline = glocation->add_line();
	gline->set_line(0);
	gline->set_function_id(ToPprofId(synthesized_symbol_id));

	auto interned_demangled_name = Intern(demangled_name);
	auto interned_system_name = Intern(frame_name);
	auto* gfunction = result_->add_function();
	gfunction->set_id(ToPprofId(synthesized_symbol_id));
	gfunction->set_name(interned_demangled_name);
	gfunction->set_system_name(interned_system_name);
	}
	}

	if (!frame_it.Status().ok()) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Invalid iterator: %s",
	frame_it.Status().message().c_str());
	return false;
	}
	if (frames_no != seen_frames.size()) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Missing frames.");
	return false;
	}
	return true;
	}

	uint64_t ToPprofId(int64_t id) {
	PERFETTO_DCHECK(id >= 0);
	return static_cast<uint64_t>(id) + 1;
	}

	void WriteSampleTypes() {
	for (size_t i = 0; i < base::ArraySize(kViews); ++i) {
	Intern(kViews[i].type);
	Intern(kViews[i].unit);
	}

	for (size_t i = 0; i < base::ArraySize(kViews); ++i) {
	auto* sample_type = result_->add_sample_type();
	sample_type->set_type(Intern(kViews[i].type));
	sample_type->set_unit(Intern(kViews[i].unit));
	}
	}

	std::string GenerateGProfile(trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp,
	uint64_t upid,
	uint64_t ts) {
	std::set<int64_t> seen_frames;
	std::set<int64_t> seen_mappings;
	std::set<int64_t> seen_symbol_ids;

	std::vector<Iterator> view_its = BuildViewIterators(tp, upid, ts);

	WriteSampleTypes();
	if (!WriteAllocations(&view_its, &seen_frames))
	return {};
	if (!WriteFrames(tp, seen_frames, &seen_mappings, &seen_symbol_ids))
	return {};
	if (!WriteMappings(tp, seen_mappings))
	return {};
	if (!WriteSymbols(tp, seen_symbol_ids))
	return {};
	return result_.SerializeAsString();
	}

	const std::vector<int64_t>& FramesForCallstack(int64_t callstack_id) {
	size_t callsite_idx = static_cast<size_t>(callstack_id);
	PERFETTO_CHECK(callstack_id >= 0 &&
	callsite_idx < callsite_to_frames_.size());
	return callsite_to_frames_[callsite_idx];
	}

	const std::vector<Line>& LineForSymbolSetId(int64_t symbol_set_id) {
	auto it = symbol_set_id_to_lines_.find(symbol_set_id);
	if (it == symbol_set_id_to_lines_.end())
	return empty_line_vector_;
	return it->second;
	}

	int64_t Intern(const std::string& s) {
	auto it = string_table_.find(s);
	if (it == string_table_.end()) {
	std::tie(it, std::ignore) =
	string_table_.emplace(s, string_table_.size());
	result_->add_string_table(s);
	}
	return it->second;
	}

	private:
	protozero::HeapBuffered<third_party::perftools::profiles::pbzero::Profile>
	result_;
	std::map<std::string, int64_t> string_table_;
	const std::vector<std::vector<int64_t>>& callsite_to_frames_;
	const std::map<int64_t, std::vector<Line>>& symbol_set_id_to_lines_;
	const std::vector<Line> empty_line_vector_;
	int64_t max_symbol_id_;
	};

	} // namespace

	bool TraceToPprof(std::istream* input,
	std::vector<SerializedProfile>* output,
	profiling::Symbolizer* symbolizer,
	uint64_t pid,
	const std::vector<uint64_t>& timestamps) {
	trace_processor::Config config;
	std::unique_ptr<trace_processor::TraceProcessor> tp =
	trace_processor::TraceProcessor::CreateInstance(config);

	if (!ReadTrace(tp.get(), input))
	return false;

	tp->NotifyEndOfFile();
	return TraceToPprof(tp.get(), output, symbolizer, pid, timestamps);
	}

	bool TraceToPprof(trace_processor::TraceProcessor* tp,
	std::vector<SerializedProfile>* output,
	profiling::Symbolizer* symbolizer,
	uint64_t pid,
	const std::vector<uint64_t>& timestamps) {
	if (symbolizer) {
	profiling::SymbolizeDatabase(
	tp, symbolizer, [tp](const std::string& trace_proto) {
	std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> buf(new uint8_t[trace_proto.size()]);
	memcpy(buf.get(), trace_proto.data(), trace_proto.size());
	auto status = tp->Parse(std::move(buf), trace_proto.size());
	if (!status.ok()) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Failed to parse: %s",
	status.message().c_str());
	return;
	}
	});
	}

	tp->NotifyEndOfFile();
	auto max_symbol_id_it =
	tp->ExecuteQuery("SELECT MAX(id) from stack_profile_symbol");
	if (!max_symbol_id_it.Next()) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Failed to get max symbol set id: %s",
	max_symbol_id_it.Status().message().c_str());
	return false;
	}

	int64_t max_symbol_id = max_symbol_id_it.Get(0).AsLong();
	const auto callsite_to_frames = GetCallsiteToFrames(tp);
	const auto symbol_set_id_to_lines = GetSymbolSetIdToLines(tp);

	bool any_fail = false;
	Iterator it = tp->ExecuteQuery(kQueryProfiles);
	while (it.Next()) {
	GProfileBuilder builder(callsite_to_frames, symbol_set_id_to_lines,
	max_symbol_id);
	uint64_t upid = static_cast<uint64_t>(it.Get(0).AsLong());
	uint64_t ts = static_cast<uint64_t>(it.Get(1).AsLong());
	uint64_t profile_pid = static_cast<uint64_t>(it.Get(2).AsLong());
	if ((pid > 0 && profile_pid != pid) \|\|
	(!timestamps.empty() && std::find(timestamps.begin(), timestamps.end(),
	ts) == timestamps.end())) {
	continue;
	}

	if (!VerifyPIDStats(tp, pid))
	any_fail = true;

	std::string pid_query = "select pid from process where upid = ";
	pid_query += std::to_string(upid) + ";";
	Iterator pid_it = tp->ExecuteQuery(pid_query);
	PERFETTO_CHECK(pid_it.Next());

	std::string profile_proto = builder.GenerateGProfile(tp, upid, ts);
	output->emplace_back(SerializedProfile{
	static_cast<uint64_t>(pid_it.Get(0).AsLong()), profile_proto});
	}
	if (any_fail) {
	PERFETTO_ELOG(
	"One or more of your profiles had an issue. Please consult "
	"https://docs.perfetto.dev/#/heapprofd?id=troubleshooting.");
	}
	if (!it.Status().ok()) {
	PERFETTO_DFATAL_OR_ELOG("Invalid iterator: %s",
	it.Status().message().c_str());
	return false;
	}
	return true;
	}

	bool TraceToPprof(std::istream* input,
	std::vector<SerializedProfile>* output,
	uint64_t pid,
	const std::vector<uint64_t>& timestamps) {
	return TraceToPprof(input, output, nullptr, pid, timestamps);
	}

	} // namespace trace_to_text
	} // namespace perfetto