base: make base::Optional a shim for std::optional

Now we can use C++17, forward base::optional to std::optional. In a
followup, we can cleanup the codebase to simply use std::optional
directly.

Change-Id: Idec58d95496b44bb609c8628d40747d81e2ab379
diff --git a/Android.bp b/Android.bp
index 09783ce..ad54f8d 100644
--- a/Android.bp
+++ b/Android.bp
@@ -8254,7 +8254,6 @@
         "src/base/logging_unittest.cc",
         "src/base/metatrace_unittest.cc",
         "src/base/no_destructor_unittest.cc",
-        "src/base/optional_unittest.cc",
         "src/base/paged_memory_unittest.cc",
         "src/base/periodic_task_unittest.cc",
         "src/base/scoped_file_unittest.cc",
diff --git a/gn/standalone/BUILD.gn b/gn/standalone/BUILD.gn
index 1f58eb5..5c7de64 100644
--- a/gn/standalone/BUILD.gn
+++ b/gn/standalone/BUILD.gn
@@ -93,6 +93,12 @@
     # Use after free detection in GCC is still not good enough: it still fails
     # on very obvious false-positives in trace processor.
     cflags_cc += [ "-Wno-use-after-free" ]
+
+    # GCC 7's handling of uninitialized std::optional is flaky at best and
+    # causes many false positives.
+    # TODO(lalitm): remove this when we upgrade to a GCC version which is good
+    # enough to handle this.
+    cflags_cc += [ "-Wno-maybe-uninitialized" ]
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/include/perfetto/ext/base/optional.h b/include/perfetto/ext/base/optional.h
index f9ef9ff..4ea781f 100644
--- a/include/perfetto/ext/base/optional.h
+++ b/include/perfetto/ext/base/optional.h
@@ -18,881 +18,27 @@
 #define INCLUDE_PERFETTO_EXT_BASE_OPTIONAL_H_
 
 #include <functional>
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <utility>
-
-#include "perfetto/base/logging.h"
+#include <optional>
 
 namespace perfetto {
 namespace base {
 
-// Specification:
-// http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/optional/in_place_t
-struct in_place_t {};
-
-// Specification:
-// http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/optional/nullopt_t
-struct nullopt_t {
-  constexpr explicit nullopt_t(int) {}
-};
-
-// Specification:
-// http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/optional/in_place
-constexpr in_place_t in_place = {};
-
-// Specification:
-// http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/optional/nullopt
-constexpr nullopt_t nullopt(0);
-
-// Forward declaration, which is referred by following helpers.
 template <typename T>
-class Optional;
+using Optional = std::optional<T>;
 
-namespace internal {
-
-template <typename T, bool = std::is_trivially_destructible<T>::value>
-struct OptionalStorageBase {
-  // Initializing |empty_| here instead of using default member initializing
-  // to avoid errors in g++ 4.8.
-  constexpr OptionalStorageBase() : empty_('\0') {}
-
-  template <class... Args>
-  constexpr explicit OptionalStorageBase(in_place_t, Args&&... args)
-      : is_populated_(true), value_(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
-
-  // When T is not trivially destructible we must call its
-  // destructor before deallocating its memory.
-  // Note that this hides the (implicitly declared) move constructor, which
-  // would be used for constexpr move constructor in OptionalStorage<T>.
-  // It is needed iff T is trivially move constructible. However, the current
-  // is_trivially_{copy,move}_constructible implementation requires
-  // is_trivially_destructible (which looks a bug, cf:
-  // https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=51452 and
-  // http://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/lwg-active.html#2116), so it is not
-  // necessary for this case at the moment. Please see also the destructor
-  // comment in "is_trivially_destructible = true" specialization below.
-  ~OptionalStorageBase() {
-    if (is_populated_)
-      value_.~T();
-  }
-
-  template <class... Args>
-  void Init(Args&&... args) {
-    PERFETTO_DCHECK(!is_populated_);
-    ::new (&value_) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-    is_populated_ = true;
-  }
-
-  bool is_populated_ = false;
-  union {
-    // |empty_| exists so that the union will always be initialized, even when
-    // it doesn't contain a value. Union members must be initialized for the
-    // constructor to be 'constexpr'.
-    char empty_;
-    T value_;
-  };
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-struct OptionalStorageBase<T, true /* trivially destructible */> {
-  // Initializing |empty_| here instead of using default member initializing
-  // to avoid errors in g++ 4.8.
-  constexpr OptionalStorageBase() : empty_('\0') {}
-
-  template <class... Args>
-  constexpr explicit OptionalStorageBase(in_place_t, Args&&... args)
-      : is_populated_(true), value_(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
-
-  // When T is trivially destructible (i.e. its destructor does nothing) there
-  // is no need to call it. Implicitly defined destructor is trivial, because
-  // both members (bool and union containing only variants which are trivially
-  // destructible) are trivially destructible.
-  // Explicitly-defaulted destructor is also trivial, but do not use it here,
-  // because it hides the implicit move constructor. It is needed to implement
-  // constexpr move constructor in OptionalStorage iff T is trivially move
-  // constructible. Note that, if T is trivially move constructible, the move
-  // constructor of OptionalStorageBase<T> is also implicitly defined and it is
-  // trivially move constructor. If T is not trivially move constructible,
-  // "not declaring move constructor without destructor declaration" here means
-  // "delete move constructor", which works because any move constructor of
-  // OptionalStorage will not refer to it in that case.
-
-  template <class... Args>
-  void Init(Args&&... args) {
-    PERFETTO_DCHECK(!is_populated_);
-    ::new (&value_) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-    is_populated_ = true;
-  }
-
-  bool is_populated_ = false;
-  union {
-    // |empty_| exists so that the union will always be initialized, even when
-    // it doesn't contain a value. Union members must be initialized for the
-    // constructor to be 'constexpr'.
-    char empty_;
-    T value_;
-  };
-};
-
-// Implement conditional constexpr copy and move constructors. These are
-// constexpr if is_trivially_{copy,move}_constructible<T>::value is true
-// respectively. If each is true, the corresponding constructor is defined as
-// "= default;", which generates a constexpr constructor (In this case,
-// the condition of constexpr-ness is satisfied because the base class also has
-// compiler generated constexpr {copy,move} constructors). Note that
-// placement-new is prohibited in constexpr.
-template <typename T, bool = std::is_trivially_copy_constructible<T>::value>
-struct OptionalStorage : OptionalStorageBase<T> {
-  // This is no trivially {copy,move} constructible case. Other cases are
-  // defined below as specializations.
-
-  // Accessing the members of template base class requires explicit
-  // declaration.
-  using OptionalStorageBase<T>::is_populated_;
-  using OptionalStorageBase<T>::value_;
-  using OptionalStorageBase<T>::Init;
-
-  // Inherit constructors (specifically, the in_place constructor).
-  using OptionalStorageBase<T>::OptionalStorageBase;
-
-  // User defined constructor deletes the default constructor.
-  // Define it explicitly.
-  OptionalStorage() = default;
-
-  OptionalStorage(const OptionalStorage& other) : OptionalStorageBase<T>() {
-    if (other.is_populated_)
-      Init(other.value_);
-  }
-
-  OptionalStorage(OptionalStorage&& other) noexcept(
-      std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value) {
-    if (other.is_populated_)
-      Init(std::move(other.value_));
-  }
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-struct OptionalStorage<T, true /* trivially copy constructible */>
-    : OptionalStorageBase<T> {
-  using OptionalStorageBase<T>::is_populated_;
-  using OptionalStorageBase<T>::value_;
-  using OptionalStorageBase<T>::Init;
-  using OptionalStorageBase<T>::OptionalStorageBase;
-
-  OptionalStorage() = default;
-  OptionalStorage(const OptionalStorage& other) = default;
-
-  OptionalStorage(OptionalStorage&& other) noexcept(
-      std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value) {
-    if (other.is_populated_)
-      Init(std::move(other.value_));
-  }
-};
-
-// Base class to support conditionally usable copy-/move- constructors
-// and assign operators.
-template <typename T>
-class OptionalBase {
-  // This class provides implementation rather than public API, so everything
-  // should be hidden. Often we use composition, but we cannot in this case
-  // because of C++ language restriction.
- protected:
-  constexpr OptionalBase() = default;
-  constexpr OptionalBase(const OptionalBase& other) = default;
-  constexpr OptionalBase(OptionalBase&& other) = default;
-
-  template <class... Args>
-  constexpr explicit OptionalBase(in_place_t, Args&&... args)
-      : storage_(in_place, std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
-
-  // Implementation of converting constructors.
-  template <typename U>
-  explicit OptionalBase(const OptionalBase<U>& other) {
-    if (other.storage_.is_populated_)
-      storage_.Init(other.storage_.value_);
-  }
-
-  template <typename U>
-  explicit OptionalBase(OptionalBase<U>&& other) {
-    if (other.storage_.is_populated_)
-      storage_.Init(std::move(other.storage_.value_));
-  }
-
-  ~OptionalBase() = default;
-
-  OptionalBase& operator=(const OptionalBase& other) {
-    CopyAssign(other);
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  OptionalBase& operator=(OptionalBase&& other) noexcept(
-      std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<T>::value&&
-          std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value) {
-    MoveAssign(std::move(other));
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  template <typename U>
-  void CopyAssign(const OptionalBase<U>& other) {
-    if (other.storage_.is_populated_)
-      InitOrAssign(other.storage_.value_);
-    else
-      FreeIfNeeded();
-  }
-
-  template <typename U>
-  void MoveAssign(OptionalBase<U>&& other) {
-    if (other.storage_.is_populated_)
-      InitOrAssign(std::move(other.storage_.value_));
-    else
-      FreeIfNeeded();
-  }
-
-  template <typename U>
-  void InitOrAssign(U&& value) {
-    if (storage_.is_populated_)
-      storage_.value_ = std::forward<U>(value);
-    else
-      storage_.Init(std::forward<U>(value));
-  }
-
-  void FreeIfNeeded() {
-    if (!storage_.is_populated_)
-      return;
-    storage_.value_.~T();
-    storage_.is_populated_ = false;
-  }
-
-  // For implementing conversion, allow access to other typed OptionalBase
-  // class.
-  template <typename U>
-  friend class OptionalBase;
-
-  OptionalStorage<T> storage_;
-};
-
-// The following {Copy,Move}{Constructible,Assignable} structs are helpers to
-// implement constructor/assign-operator overloading. Specifically, if T is
-// is not movable but copyable, Optional<T>'s move constructor should not
-// participate in overload resolution. This inheritance trick implements that.
-template <bool is_copy_constructible>
-struct CopyConstructible {};
-
-template <>
-struct CopyConstructible<false> {
-  constexpr CopyConstructible() = default;
-  constexpr CopyConstructible(const CopyConstructible&) = delete;
-  constexpr CopyConstructible(CopyConstructible&&) = default;
-  CopyConstructible& operator=(const CopyConstructible&) = default;
-  CopyConstructible& operator=(CopyConstructible&&) = default;
-};
-
-template <bool is_move_constructible>
-struct MoveConstructible {};
-
-template <>
-struct MoveConstructible<false> {
-  constexpr MoveConstructible() = default;
-  constexpr MoveConstructible(const MoveConstructible&) = default;
-  constexpr MoveConstructible(MoveConstructible&&) = delete;
-  MoveConstructible& operator=(const MoveConstructible&) = default;
-  MoveConstructible& operator=(MoveConstructible&&) = default;
-};
-
-template <bool is_copy_assignable>
-struct CopyAssignable {};
-
-template <>
-struct CopyAssignable<false> {
-  constexpr CopyAssignable() = default;
-  constexpr CopyAssignable(const CopyAssignable&) = default;
-  constexpr CopyAssignable(CopyAssignable&&) = default;
-  CopyAssignable& operator=(const CopyAssignable&) = delete;
-  CopyAssignable& operator=(CopyAssignable&&) = default;
-};
-
-template <bool is_move_assignable>
-struct MoveAssignable {};
-
-template <>
-struct MoveAssignable<false> {
-  constexpr MoveAssignable() = default;
-  constexpr MoveAssignable(const MoveAssignable&) = default;
-  constexpr MoveAssignable(MoveAssignable&&) = default;
-  MoveAssignable& operator=(const MoveAssignable&) = default;
-  MoveAssignable& operator=(MoveAssignable&&) = delete;
-};
-
-// Helper to conditionally enable converting constructors and assign operators.
-template <typename T, typename U>
-struct IsConvertibleFromOptional
-    : std::integral_constant<
-          bool,
-          std::is_constructible<T, Optional<U>&>::value ||
-              std::is_constructible<T, const Optional<U>&>::value ||
-              std::is_constructible<T, Optional<U>&&>::value ||
-              std::is_constructible<T, const Optional<U>&&>::value ||
-              std::is_convertible<Optional<U>&, T>::value ||
-              std::is_convertible<const Optional<U>&, T>::value ||
-              std::is_convertible<Optional<U>&&, T>::value ||
-              std::is_convertible<const Optional<U>&&, T>::value> {};
-
-template <typename T, typename U>
-struct IsAssignableFromOptional
-    : std::integral_constant<
-          bool,
-          IsConvertibleFromOptional<T, U>::value ||
-              std::is_assignable<T&, Optional<U>&>::value ||
-              std::is_assignable<T&, const Optional<U>&>::value ||
-              std::is_assignable<T&, Optional<U>&&>::value ||
-              std::is_assignable<T&, const Optional<U>&&>::value> {};
-
-// Forward compatibility for C++17.
-// Introduce one more deeper nested namespace to avoid leaking using std::swap.
-namespace swappable_impl {
-using std::swap;
-
-struct IsSwappableImpl {
-  // Tests if swap can be called. Check<T&>(0) returns true_type iff swap is
-  // available for T. Otherwise, Check's overload resolution falls back to
-  // Check(...) declared below thanks to SFINAE, so returns false_type.
-  template <typename T>
-  static auto Check(int)
-      -> decltype(swap(std::declval<T>(), std::declval<T>()), std::true_type());
-
-  template <typename T>
-  static std::false_type Check(...);
-};
-}  // namespace swappable_impl
-
-template <typename T>
-struct IsSwappable : decltype(swappable_impl::IsSwappableImpl::Check<T&>(0)) {};
-
-// Forward compatibility for C++20.
-template <typename T>
-using RemoveCvRefT =
-    typename std::remove_cv<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::type;
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-// On Windows, by default, empty-base class optimization does not work,
-// which means even if the base class is empty struct, it still consumes one
-// byte for its body. __declspec(empty_bases) enables the optimization.
-// cf)
-// https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/vcblog/2016/03/30/optimizing-the-layout-of-empty-base-classes-in-vs2015-update-2-3/
-#if PERFETTO_BUILDFLAG(PERFETTO_OS_WIN) && \
-    !PERFETTO_BUILDFLAG(PERFETTO_COMPILER_GCC)
-#define OPTIONAL_DECLSPEC_EMPTY_BASES __declspec(empty_bases)
-#else
-#define OPTIONAL_DECLSPEC_EMPTY_BASES
-#endif
-
-// base::Optional is a Chromium version of the C++17 optional class:
-// std::optional documentation:
-// http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/optional
-// Chromium documentation:
-// https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/docs/optional.md
-//
-// These are the differences between the specification and the implementation:
-// - Constructors do not use 'constexpr' as it is a C++14 extension.
-// - 'constexpr' might be missing in some places for reasons specified locally.
-// - No exceptions are thrown, because they are banned from Chromium.
-//   Marked noexcept for only move constructor and move assign operators.
-// - All the non-members are in the 'base' namespace instead of 'std'.
-//
-// Note that T cannot have a constructor T(Optional<T>) etc. Optional<T>
-// PERFETTO_CHECKs T's constructor (specifically via IsConvertibleFromOptional),
-// and in the PERFETTO_CHECK whether T can be constructible from Optional<T>,
-// which is recursive so it does not work. As of Feb 2018, std::optional C++17
-// implementation in both clang and gcc has same limitation. MSVC SFINAE looks
-// to have different behavior, but anyway it reports an error, too.
-//
-// This file is a modified version of optional.h from Chromium at revision
-// 5e71bd454e60511c1293c0c686544aaa76094424. The changes remove C++14/C++17
-// specific code and replace with C++11 counterparts.
-template <typename T>
-class OPTIONAL_DECLSPEC_EMPTY_BASES Optional
-    : public internal::OptionalBase<T>,
-      public internal::CopyConstructible<std::is_copy_constructible<T>::value>,
-      public internal::MoveConstructible<std::is_move_constructible<T>::value>,
-      public internal::CopyAssignable<std::is_copy_constructible<T>::value &&
-                                      std::is_copy_assignable<T>::value>,
-      public internal::MoveAssignable<std::is_move_constructible<T>::value &&
-                                      std::is_move_assignable<T>::value> {
- public:
-#undef OPTIONAL_DECLSPEC_EMPTY_BASES
-  using value_type = T;
-
-  // Defer default/copy/move constructor implementation to OptionalBase.
-  constexpr Optional() = default;
-  constexpr Optional(const Optional& other) = default;
-  constexpr Optional(Optional&& other) noexcept(
-      std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value) = default;
-
-  constexpr Optional(nullopt_t) {}  // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
-
-  // Converting copy constructor. "explicit" only if
-  // std::is_convertible<const U&, T>::value is false. It is implemented by
-  // declaring two almost same constructors, but that condition in enable_if_t
-  // is different, so that either one is chosen, thanks to SFINAE.
-  template <typename U,
-            typename std::enable_if<
-                std::is_constructible<T, const U&>::value &&
-                    !internal::IsConvertibleFromOptional<T, U>::value &&
-                    std::is_convertible<const U&, T>::value,
-                bool>::type = false>
-  Optional(const Optional<U>& other) : internal::OptionalBase<T>(other) {}
-
-  template <typename U,
-            typename std::enable_if<
-                std::is_constructible<T, const U&>::value &&
-                    !internal::IsConvertibleFromOptional<T, U>::value &&
-                    !std::is_convertible<const U&, T>::value,
-                bool>::type = false>
-  explicit Optional(const Optional<U>& other)
-      : internal::OptionalBase<T>(other) {}
-
-  // Converting move constructor. Similar to converting copy constructor,
-  // declaring two (explicit and non-explicit) constructors.
-  template <typename U,
-            typename std::enable_if<
-                std::is_constructible<T, U&&>::value &&
-                    !internal::IsConvertibleFromOptional<T, U>::value &&
-                    std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value,
-                bool>::type = false>
-  Optional(Optional<U>&& other) : internal::OptionalBase<T>(std::move(other)) {}
-
-  template <typename U,
-            typename std::enable_if<
-                std::is_constructible<T, U&&>::value &&
-                    !internal::IsConvertibleFromOptional<T, U>::value &&
-                    !std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value,
-                bool>::type = false>
-  explicit Optional(Optional<U>&& other)
-      : internal::OptionalBase<T>(std::move(other)) {}
-
-  template <class... Args>
-  constexpr explicit Optional(in_place_t, Args&&... args)
-      : internal::OptionalBase<T>(in_place, std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
-
-  template <class U,
-            class... Args,
-            class = typename std::enable_if<
-                std::is_constructible<value_type,
-                                      std::initializer_list<U>&,
-                                      Args...>::value>::type>
-  constexpr explicit Optional(in_place_t,
-                              std::initializer_list<U> il,
-                              Args&&... args)
-      : internal::OptionalBase<T>(in_place, il, std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
-
-  // Forward value constructor. Similar to converting constructors,
-  // conditionally explicit.
-  template <
-      typename U = value_type,
-      typename std::enable_if<
-          std::is_constructible<T, U&&>::value &&
-              !std::is_same<internal::RemoveCvRefT<U>, in_place_t>::value &&
-              !std::is_same<internal::RemoveCvRefT<U>, Optional<T>>::value &&
-              std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value,
-          bool>::type = false>
-  constexpr Optional(U&& value)
-      : internal::OptionalBase<T>(in_place, std::forward<U>(value)) {}
-
-  template <
-      typename U = value_type,
-      typename std::enable_if<
-          std::is_constructible<T, U&&>::value &&
-              !std::is_same<internal::RemoveCvRefT<U>, in_place_t>::value &&
-              !std::is_same<internal::RemoveCvRefT<U>, Optional<T>>::value &&
-              !std::is_convertible<U&&, T>::value,
-          bool>::type = false>
-  constexpr explicit Optional(U&& value)
-      : internal::OptionalBase<T>(in_place, std::forward<U>(value)) {}
-
-  ~Optional() = default;
-
-  // Defer copy-/move- assign operator implementation to OptionalBase.
-  Optional& operator=(const Optional& other) = default;
-  Optional& operator=(Optional&& other) noexcept(
-      std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<T>::value&&
-          std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value) = default;
-
-  Optional& operator=(nullopt_t) {
-    FreeIfNeeded();
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  // Perfect-forwarded assignment.
-  template <typename U>
-  typename std::enable_if<
-      !std::is_same<internal::RemoveCvRefT<U>, Optional<T>>::value &&
-          std::is_constructible<T, U>::value &&
-          std::is_assignable<T&, U>::value &&
-          (!std::is_scalar<T>::value ||
-           !std::is_same<typename std::decay<U>::type, T>::value),
-      Optional&>::type
-  operator=(U&& value) {
-    InitOrAssign(std::forward<U>(value));
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  // Copy assign the state of other.
-  template <typename U>
-  typename std::enable_if<!internal::IsAssignableFromOptional<T, U>::value &&
-                              std::is_constructible<T, const U&>::value &&
-                              std::is_assignable<T&, const U&>::value,
-                          Optional&>::type
-  operator=(const Optional<U>& other) {
-    CopyAssign(other);
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  // Move assign the state of other.
-  template <typename U>
-  typename std::enable_if<!internal::IsAssignableFromOptional<T, U>::value &&
-                              std::is_constructible<T, U>::value &&
-                              std::is_assignable<T&, U>::value,
-                          Optional&>::type
-  operator=(Optional<U>&& other) {
-    MoveAssign(std::move(other));
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  const T* operator->() const {
-    PERFETTO_DCHECK(storage_.is_populated_);
-    return &storage_.value_;
-  }
-
-  T* operator->() {
-    PERFETTO_DCHECK(storage_.is_populated_);
-    return &storage_.value_;
-  }
-
-  const T& operator*() const& {
-    PERFETTO_DCHECK(storage_.is_populated_);
-    return storage_.value_;
-  }
-
-  T& operator*() & {
-    PERFETTO_DCHECK(storage_.is_populated_);
-    return storage_.value_;
-  }
-
-  const T&& operator*() const&& {
-    PERFETTO_DCHECK(storage_.is_populated_);
-    return std::move(storage_.value_);
-  }
-
-  T&& operator*() && {
-    PERFETTO_DCHECK(storage_.is_populated_);
-    return std::move(storage_.value_);
-  }
-
-  constexpr explicit operator bool() const { return storage_.is_populated_; }
-
-  constexpr bool has_value() const { return storage_.is_populated_; }
-
-  T& value() & {
-    PERFETTO_CHECK(storage_.is_populated_);
-    return storage_.value_;
-  }
-
-  const T& value() const& {
-    PERFETTO_CHECK(storage_.is_populated_);
-    return storage_.value_;
-  }
-
-  T&& value() && {
-    PERFETTO_CHECK(storage_.is_populated_);
-    return std::move(storage_.value_);
-  }
-
-  const T&& value() const&& {
-    PERFETTO_CHECK(storage_.is_populated_);
-    return std::move(storage_.value_);
-  }
-
-  template <class U>
-  constexpr T value_or(U&& default_value) const& {
-    static_assert(std::is_convertible<U, T>::value,
-                  "U must be convertible to T");
-    return storage_.is_populated_
-               ? storage_.value_
-               : static_cast<T>(std::forward<U>(default_value));
-  }
-
-  template <class U>
-  T value_or(U&& default_value) && {
-    static_assert(std::is_convertible<U, T>::value,
-                  "U must be convertible to T");
-    return storage_.is_populated_
-               ? std::move(storage_.value_)
-               : static_cast<T>(std::forward<U>(default_value));
-  }
-
-  void swap(Optional& other) {
-    if (!storage_.is_populated_ && !other.storage_.is_populated_)
-      return;
-
-    if (storage_.is_populated_ != other.storage_.is_populated_) {
-      if (storage_.is_populated_) {
-        other.storage_.Init(std::move(storage_.value_));
-        FreeIfNeeded();
-      } else {
-        storage_.Init(std::move(other.storage_.value_));
-        other.FreeIfNeeded();
-      }
-      return;
-    }
-
-    PERFETTO_DCHECK(storage_.is_populated_ && other.storage_.is_populated_);
-    using std::swap;
-    swap(**this, *other);
-  }
-
-  void reset() { FreeIfNeeded(); }
-
-  template <class... Args>
-  T& emplace(Args&&... args) {
-    FreeIfNeeded();
-    storage_.Init(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-    return storage_.value_;
-  }
-
-  template <class U, class... Args>
-  typename std::enable_if<
-      std::is_constructible<T, std::initializer_list<U>&, Args&&...>::value,
-      T&>::type
-  emplace(std::initializer_list<U> il, Args&&... args) {
-    FreeIfNeeded();
-    storage_.Init(il, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-    return storage_.value_;
-  }
-
- private:
-  // Accessing template base class's protected member needs explicit
-  // declaration to do so.
-  using internal::OptionalBase<T>::CopyAssign;
-  using internal::OptionalBase<T>::FreeIfNeeded;
-  using internal::OptionalBase<T>::InitOrAssign;
-  using internal::OptionalBase<T>::MoveAssign;
-  using internal::OptionalBase<T>::storage_;
-};
-
-// Here after defines comparation operators. The definition follows
-// http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/optional/operator_cmp
-// while bool() casting is replaced by has_value() to meet the chromium
-// style guide.
-template <class T, class U>
-bool operator==(const Optional<T>& lhs, const Optional<U>& rhs) {
-  if (lhs.has_value() != rhs.has_value())
-    return false;
-  if (!lhs.has_value())
-    return true;
-  return *lhs == *rhs;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-bool operator!=(const Optional<T>& lhs, const Optional<U>& rhs) {
-  if (lhs.has_value() != rhs.has_value())
-    return true;
-  if (!lhs.has_value())
-    return false;
-  return *lhs != *rhs;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-bool operator<(const Optional<T>& lhs, const Optional<U>& rhs) {
-  if (!rhs.has_value())
-    return false;
-  if (!lhs.has_value())
-    return true;
-  return *lhs < *rhs;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-bool operator<=(const Optional<T>& lhs, const Optional<U>& rhs) {
-  if (!lhs.has_value())
-    return true;
-  if (!rhs.has_value())
-    return false;
-  return *lhs <= *rhs;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-bool operator>(const Optional<T>& lhs, const Optional<U>& rhs) {
-  if (!lhs.has_value())
-    return false;
-  if (!rhs.has_value())
-    return true;
-  return *lhs > *rhs;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-bool operator>=(const Optional<T>& lhs, const Optional<U>& rhs) {
-  if (!rhs.has_value())
-    return true;
-  if (!lhs.has_value())
-    return false;
-  return *lhs >= *rhs;
-}
+inline constexpr std::nullopt_t nullopt = std::nullopt;
 
 template <class T>
-constexpr bool operator==(const Optional<T>& opt, nullopt_t) {
-  return !opt;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-constexpr bool operator==(nullopt_t, const Optional<T>& opt) {
-  return !opt;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-constexpr bool operator!=(const Optional<T>& opt, nullopt_t) {
-  return opt.has_value();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-constexpr bool operator!=(nullopt_t, const Optional<T>& opt) {
-  return opt.has_value();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-constexpr bool operator<(const Optional<T>&, nullopt_t) {
-  return false;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-constexpr bool operator<(nullopt_t, const Optional<T>& opt) {
-  return opt.has_value();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-constexpr bool operator<=(const Optional<T>& opt, nullopt_t) {
-  return !opt;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-constexpr bool operator<=(nullopt_t, const Optional<T>&) {
-  return true;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-constexpr bool operator>(const Optional<T>& opt, nullopt_t) {
-  return opt.has_value();
-}
-
-template <class T>
-constexpr bool operator>(nullopt_t, const Optional<T>&) {
-  return false;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-constexpr bool operator>=(const Optional<T>&, nullopt_t) {
-  return true;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-constexpr bool operator>=(nullopt_t, const Optional<T>& opt) {
-  return !opt;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-constexpr bool operator==(const Optional<T>& opt, const U& value) {
-  return opt.has_value() ? *opt == value : false;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-constexpr bool operator==(const U& value, const Optional<T>& opt) {
-  return opt.has_value() ? value == *opt : false;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-constexpr bool operator!=(const Optional<T>& opt, const U& value) {
-  return opt.has_value() ? *opt != value : true;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-constexpr bool operator!=(const U& value, const Optional<T>& opt) {
-  return opt.has_value() ? value != *opt : true;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-constexpr bool operator<(const Optional<T>& opt, const U& value) {
-  return opt.has_value() ? *opt < value : true;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-constexpr bool operator<(const U& value, const Optional<T>& opt) {
-  return opt.has_value() ? value < *opt : false;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-constexpr bool operator<=(const Optional<T>& opt, const U& value) {
-  return opt.has_value() ? *opt <= value : true;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-constexpr bool operator<=(const U& value, const Optional<T>& opt) {
-  return opt.has_value() ? value <= *opt : false;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-constexpr bool operator>(const Optional<T>& opt, const U& value) {
-  return opt.has_value() ? *opt > value : false;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-constexpr bool operator>(const U& value, const Optional<T>& opt) {
-  return opt.has_value() ? value > *opt : true;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-constexpr bool operator>=(const Optional<T>& opt, const U& value) {
-  return opt.has_value() ? *opt >= value : false;
-}
-
-template <class T, class U>
-constexpr bool operator>=(const U& value, const Optional<T>& opt) {
-  return opt.has_value() ? value >= *opt : true;
-}
-
-template <class T>
-constexpr Optional<typename std::decay<T>::type> make_optional(T&& value) {
-  return Optional<typename std::decay<T>::type>(std::forward<T>(value));
+constexpr std::optional<std::decay_t<T>> make_optional(T&& value) {
+  return std::make_optional<T>(std::forward<T>(value));
 }
 
 template <class T, class... Args>
-constexpr Optional<T> make_optional(Args&&... args) {
-  return Optional<T>(in_place, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-template <class T, class U, class... Args>
-constexpr Optional<T> make_optional(std::initializer_list<U> il,
-                                    Args&&... args) {
-  return Optional<T>(in_place, il, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-}
-
-// Partial specialization for a function template is not allowed. Also, it is
-// not allowed to add overload function to std namespace, while it is allowed
-// to specialize the template in std. Thus, swap() (kind of) overloading is
-// defined in base namespace, instead.
-template <class T>
-typename std::enable_if<std::is_move_constructible<T>::value &&
-                        internal::IsSwappable<T>::value>::type
-swap(Optional<T>& lhs, Optional<T>& rhs) {
-  lhs.swap(rhs);
+constexpr std::optional<T> make_optional(Args&&... args) {
+  return std::make_optional<T>(std::forward<Args...>(args)...);
 }
 
 }  // namespace base
 }  // namespace perfetto
 
-template <class T>
-struct std::hash<perfetto::base::Optional<T>> {
-  size_t operator()(const perfetto::base::Optional<T>& opt) const {
-    return opt == perfetto::base::nullopt ? 0 : std::hash<T>()(*opt);
-  }
-};
-
 #endif  // INCLUDE_PERFETTO_EXT_BASE_OPTIONAL_H_
diff --git a/include/perfetto/ext/base/uuid.h b/include/perfetto/ext/base/uuid.h
index 3b3d5d5..5e2e258 100644
--- a/include/perfetto/ext/base/uuid.h
+++ b/include/perfetto/ext/base/uuid.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef INCLUDE_PERFETTO_EXT_BASE_UUID_H_
 #define INCLUDE_PERFETTO_EXT_BASE_UUID_H_
 
+#include <string.h>
 #include <array>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <string>
diff --git a/src/base/BUILD.gn b/src/base/BUILD.gn
index 6a58f0b..8d48bf0 100644
--- a/src/base/BUILD.gn
+++ b/src/base/BUILD.gn
@@ -194,7 +194,6 @@
     "hash_unittest.cc",
     "logging_unittest.cc",
     "no_destructor_unittest.cc",
-    "optional_unittest.cc",
     "paged_memory_unittest.cc",
     "periodic_task_unittest.cc",
     "scoped_file_unittest.cc",
diff --git a/src/base/optional_unittest.cc b/src/base/optional_unittest.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index 285db51..0000000
--- a/src/base/optional_unittest.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2211 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-// Comparisions of floats is used extensively in this file. Ignore warnings
-// as we want to stay close to Chromium.
-#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
-#pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"
-#endif
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <set>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "perfetto/ext/base/optional.h"
-#include "perfetto/ext/base/utils.h"
-#include "test/gtest_and_gmock.h"
-
-using ::testing::ElementsAre;
-
-namespace perfetto {
-namespace base {
-
-namespace {
-
-// Object used to test complex object with Optional<T> in addition of the move
-// semantics.
-class TestObject {
- public:
-  enum class State {
-    DEFAULT_CONSTRUCTED,
-    VALUE_CONSTRUCTED,
-    COPY_CONSTRUCTED,
-    MOVE_CONSTRUCTED,
-    MOVED_FROM,
-    COPY_ASSIGNED,
-    MOVE_ASSIGNED,
-    SWAPPED,
-  };
-
-  TestObject() : foo_(0), bar_(0.0), state_(State::DEFAULT_CONSTRUCTED) {}
-
-  TestObject(int foo, double bar)
-      : foo_(foo), bar_(bar), state_(State::VALUE_CONSTRUCTED) {}
-
-  TestObject(const TestObject& other)
-      : foo_(other.foo_),
-        bar_(other.bar_),
-        state_(State::COPY_CONSTRUCTED),
-        move_ctors_count_(other.move_ctors_count_) {}
-
-  TestObject(TestObject&& other)
-      : foo_(std::move(other.foo_)),
-        bar_(std::move(other.bar_)),
-        state_(State::MOVE_CONSTRUCTED),
-        move_ctors_count_(other.move_ctors_count_ + 1) {
-    other.state_ = State::MOVED_FROM;
-  }
-
-  TestObject& operator=(const TestObject& other) {
-    foo_ = other.foo_;
-    bar_ = other.bar_;
-    state_ = State::COPY_ASSIGNED;
-    move_ctors_count_ = other.move_ctors_count_;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  TestObject& operator=(TestObject&& other) {
-    foo_ = other.foo_;
-    bar_ = other.bar_;
-    state_ = State::MOVE_ASSIGNED;
-    move_ctors_count_ = other.move_ctors_count_;
-    other.state_ = State::MOVED_FROM;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  void Swap(TestObject* other) {
-    using std::swap;
-    swap(foo_, other->foo_);
-    swap(bar_, other->bar_);
-    swap(move_ctors_count_, other->move_ctors_count_);
-    state_ = State::SWAPPED;
-    other->state_ = State::SWAPPED;
-  }
-
-  bool operator==(const TestObject& other) const {
-    return std::tie(foo_, bar_) == std::tie(other.foo_, other.bar_);
-  }
-
-  bool operator!=(const TestObject& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
-
-  int foo() const { return foo_; }
-  State state() const { return state_; }
-  int move_ctors_count() const { return move_ctors_count_; }
-
- private:
-  int foo_;
-  double bar_;
-  State state_;
-  int move_ctors_count_ = 0;
-};
-
-// Implementing Swappable concept.
-void swap(TestObject& lhs, TestObject& rhs) {
-  lhs.Swap(&rhs);
-}
-
-class NonTriviallyDestructible {
-  ~NonTriviallyDestructible() {}
-};
-
-class DeletedDefaultConstructor {
- public:
-  DeletedDefaultConstructor() = delete;
-  DeletedDefaultConstructor(int foo) : foo_(foo) {}
-
-  int foo() const { return foo_; }
-
- private:
-  int foo_;
-};
-
-class DeletedCopy {
- public:
-  explicit DeletedCopy(int foo) : foo_(foo) {}
-  DeletedCopy(const DeletedCopy&) = delete;
-  DeletedCopy(DeletedCopy&&) = default;
-
-  DeletedCopy& operator=(const DeletedCopy&) = delete;
-  DeletedCopy& operator=(DeletedCopy&&) = default;
-
-  int foo() const { return foo_; }
-
- private:
-  int foo_;
-};
-
-class DeletedMove {
- public:
-  explicit DeletedMove(int foo) : foo_(foo) {}
-  DeletedMove(const DeletedMove&) = default;
-  DeletedMove(DeletedMove&&) = delete;
-
-  DeletedMove& operator=(const DeletedMove&) = default;
-  DeletedMove& operator=(DeletedMove&&) = delete;
-
-  int foo() const { return foo_; }
-
- private:
-  int foo_;
-};
-
-class NonTriviallyDestructibleDeletedCopyConstructor {
- public:
-  explicit NonTriviallyDestructibleDeletedCopyConstructor(int foo)
-      : foo_(foo) {}
-  NonTriviallyDestructibleDeletedCopyConstructor(
-      const NonTriviallyDestructibleDeletedCopyConstructor&) = delete;
-  NonTriviallyDestructibleDeletedCopyConstructor(
-      NonTriviallyDestructibleDeletedCopyConstructor&&) = default;
-
-  ~NonTriviallyDestructibleDeletedCopyConstructor() {}
-
-  int foo() const { return foo_; }
-
- private:
-  int foo_;
-};
-
-class DeleteNewOperators {
- public:
-  void* operator new(size_t) = delete;
-  void* operator new(size_t, void*) = delete;
-  void* operator new[](size_t) = delete;
-  void* operator new[](size_t, void*) = delete;
-};
-
-}  // anonymous namespace
-
-static_assert(std::is_trivially_destructible<Optional<int>>::value,
-              "OptionalIsTriviallyDestructible");
-
-static_assert(
-    !std::is_trivially_destructible<Optional<NonTriviallyDestructible>>::value,
-    "OptionalIsTriviallyDestructible");
-
-static_assert(sizeof(Optional<int>) == sizeof(internal::OptionalBase<int>),
-              "internal::{Copy,Move}{Constructible,Assignable} structs "
-              "should be 0-sized");
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, DefaultConstructor) {
-  {
-    constexpr Optional<float> o;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(o);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<std::string> o;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(o);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<TestObject> o;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(o);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, CopyConstructor) {
-  {
-    constexpr Optional<float> first(0.1f);
-    constexpr Optional<float> other(first);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(other);
-    EXPECT_EQ(other.value(), 0.1f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(first, other);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<std::string> first("foo");
-    Optional<std::string> other(first);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(other);
-    EXPECT_EQ(other.value(), "foo");
-    EXPECT_EQ(first, other);
-  }
-
-  {
-    const Optional<std::string> first("foo");
-    Optional<std::string> other(first);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(other);
-    EXPECT_EQ(other.value(), "foo");
-    EXPECT_EQ(first, other);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<TestObject> first(TestObject(3, 0.1));
-    Optional<TestObject> other(first);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!other);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(other.value() == TestObject(3, 0.1));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(first == other);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueConstructor) {
-  {
-    constexpr float value = 0.1f;
-    constexpr Optional<float> o(value);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(o);
-    EXPECT_EQ(value, o.value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    std::string value("foo");
-    Optional<std::string> o(value);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(o);
-    EXPECT_EQ(value, o.value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    TestObject value(3, 0.1);
-    Optional<TestObject> o(value);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(o);
-    EXPECT_EQ(TestObject::State::COPY_CONSTRUCTED, o->state());
-    EXPECT_EQ(value, o.value());
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, MoveConstructor) {
-  {
-    constexpr Optional<float> first(0.1f);
-    constexpr Optional<float> second(std::move(first));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(second.has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(second.value(), 0.1f);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(first.has_value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<std::string> first("foo");
-    Optional<std::string> second(std::move(first));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(second.has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ("foo", second.value());
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(first.has_value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<TestObject> first(TestObject(3, 0.1));
-    Optional<TestObject> second(std::move(first));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(second.has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(TestObject::State::MOVE_CONSTRUCTED, second->state());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(3, 0.1) == second.value());
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(first.has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(TestObject::State::MOVED_FROM, first->state());
-  }
-
-  // Even if copy constructor is deleted, move constructor needs to work.
-  // Note that it couldn't be constexpr.
-  {
-    Optional<DeletedCopy> first(in_place, 42);
-    Optional<DeletedCopy> second(std::move(first));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(second.has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(42, second->foo());
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(first.has_value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<DeletedMove> first(in_place, 42);
-    Optional<DeletedMove> second(std::move(first));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(second.has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(42, second->foo());
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(first.has_value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<NonTriviallyDestructibleDeletedCopyConstructor> first(in_place,
-                                                                   42);
-    Optional<NonTriviallyDestructibleDeletedCopyConstructor> second(
-        std::move(first));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(second.has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(42, second->foo());
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(first.has_value());
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, MoveValueConstructor) {
-  {
-    constexpr float value = 0.1f;
-    constexpr Optional<float> o(std::move(value));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(o);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0.1f, o.value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    float value = 0.1f;
-    Optional<float> o(std::move(value));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(o);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0.1f, o.value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    std::string value("foo");
-    Optional<std::string> o(std::move(value));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(o);
-    EXPECT_EQ("foo", o.value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    TestObject value(3, 0.1);
-    Optional<TestObject> o(std::move(value));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(o);
-    EXPECT_EQ(TestObject::State::MOVE_CONSTRUCTED, o->state());
-    EXPECT_EQ(TestObject(3, 0.1), o.value());
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ConvertingCopyConstructor) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> first(1);
-    Optional<double> second(first);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(second.has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(1.0, second.value());
-  }
-
-  // Make sure explicit is not marked for convertible case.
-  {
-    Optional<int> o(1);
-    ignore_result<Optional<double>>(o);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ConvertingMoveConstructor) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> first(1);
-    Optional<double> second(std::move(first));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(second.has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(1.0, second.value());
-  }
-
-  // Make sure explicit is not marked for convertible case.
-  {
-    Optional<int> o(1);
-    ignore_result<Optional<double>>(std::move(o));
-  }
-
-  {
-    class Test1 {
-     public:
-      explicit Test1(int foo) : foo_(foo) {}
-
-      int foo() const { return foo_; }
-
-     private:
-      int foo_;
-    };
-
-    // Not copyable but convertible from Test1.
-    class Test2 {
-     public:
-      Test2(const Test2&) = delete;
-      explicit Test2(Test1&& other) : bar_(other.foo()) {}
-
-      double bar() const { return bar_; }
-
-     private:
-      double bar_;
-    };
-
-    Optional<Test1> first(in_place, 42);
-    Optional<Test2> second(std::move(first));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(second.has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(42.0, second->bar());
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ConstructorForwardArguments) {
-  {
-    constexpr Optional<float> a(base::in_place, 0.1f);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0.1f, a.value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<float> a(base::in_place, 0.1f);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0.1f, a.value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<std::string> a(base::in_place, "foo");
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a);
-    EXPECT_EQ("foo", a.value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<TestObject> a(base::in_place, 0, 0.1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(0, 0.1) == a.value());
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ConstructorForwardInitListAndArguments) {
-  {
-    Optional<std::vector<int>> opt(in_place, {3, 1});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(opt);
-    EXPECT_THAT(*opt, ElementsAre(3, 1));
-    EXPECT_EQ(2u, opt->size());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<std::vector<int>> opt(in_place, {3, 1}, std::allocator<int>());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(opt);
-    EXPECT_THAT(*opt, ElementsAre(3, 1));
-    EXPECT_EQ(2u, opt->size());
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ForwardConstructor) {
-  {
-    Optional<double> a(1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a.has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(1.0, a.value());
-  }
-
-  // Test that default type of 'U' is value_type.
-  {
-    struct TestData {
-      int a;
-      double b;
-      bool c;
-    };
-
-    Optional<TestData> a({1, 2.0, true});
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a.has_value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(1, a->a);
-    EXPECT_EQ(2.0, a->b);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a->c);
-  }
-
-  // If T has a constructor with a param Optional<U>, and another ctor with a
-  // param U, then T(Optional<U>) should be used for Optional<T>(Optional<U>)
-  // constructor.
-  {
-    enum class ParamType {
-      DEFAULT_CONSTRUCTED,
-      COPY_CONSTRUCTED,
-      MOVE_CONSTRUCTED,
-      INT,
-      IN_PLACE,
-      OPTIONAL_INT,
-    };
-    struct Test {
-      Test() : param_type(ParamType::DEFAULT_CONSTRUCTED) {}
-      Test(const Test&) : param_type(ParamType::COPY_CONSTRUCTED) {}
-      Test(Test&&) : param_type(ParamType::MOVE_CONSTRUCTED) {}
-      explicit Test(int) : param_type(ParamType::INT) {}
-      explicit Test(in_place_t) : param_type(ParamType::IN_PLACE) {}
-      explicit Test(Optional<int>) : param_type(ParamType::OPTIONAL_INT) {}
-
-      ParamType param_type;
-    };
-
-    // Overload resolution with copy-conversion constructor.
-    {
-      const Optional<int> arg(in_place, 1);
-      Optional<Test> testee(arg);
-      EXPECT_EQ(ParamType::OPTIONAL_INT, testee->param_type);
-    }
-
-    // Overload resolution with move conversion constructor.
-    {
-      Optional<Test> testee(Optional<int>(in_place, 1));
-      EXPECT_EQ(ParamType::OPTIONAL_INT, testee->param_type);
-    }
-
-    // Default constructor should be used.
-    {
-      Optional<Test> testee(in_place);
-      EXPECT_EQ(ParamType::DEFAULT_CONSTRUCTED, testee->param_type);
-    }
-  }
-
-  {
-    struct Test {
-      Test(int) {}  // NOLINT(runtime/explicit)
-    };
-    // If T is convertible from U, it is not marked as explicit.
-    static_assert(std::is_convertible<int, Test>::value,
-                  "Int should be convertible to Test.");
-    ([](Optional<Test>) {})(1);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NulloptConstructor) {
-  constexpr Optional<int> a(base::nullopt);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, AssignValue) {
-  {
-    Optional<float> a;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(a);
-    a = 0.1f;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a);
-
-    Optional<float> b(0.1f);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a == b);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<std::string> a;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(a);
-    a = std::string("foo");
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a);
-
-    Optional<std::string> b(std::string("foo"));
-    EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<TestObject> a;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(!!a);
-    a = TestObject(3, 0.1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-
-    Optional<TestObject> b(TestObject(3, 0.1));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a == b);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<TestObject> a = TestObject(4, 1.0);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    a = TestObject(3, 0.1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-
-    Optional<TestObject> b(TestObject(3, 0.1));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a == b);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, AssignObject) {
-  {
-    Optional<float> a;
-    Optional<float> b(0.1f);
-    a = b;
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a);
-    EXPECT_EQ(a.value(), 0.1f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<std::string> a;
-    Optional<std::string> b("foo");
-    a = b;
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a);
-    EXPECT_EQ(a.value(), "foo");
-    EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<TestObject> a;
-    Optional<TestObject> b(TestObject(3, 0.1));
-    a = b;
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a.value() == TestObject(3, 0.1));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a == b);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<TestObject> a(TestObject(4, 1.0));
-    Optional<TestObject> b(TestObject(3, 0.1));
-    a = b;
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a.value() == TestObject(3, 0.1));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a == b);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<DeletedMove> a(in_place, 42);
-    Optional<DeletedMove> b;
-    b = a;
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(a->foo(), b->foo());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<DeletedMove> a(in_place, 42);
-    Optional<DeletedMove> b(in_place, 1);
-    b = a;
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(a->foo(), b->foo());
-  }
-
-  // Converting assignment.
-  {
-    Optional<int> a(in_place, 1);
-    Optional<double> b;
-    b = a;
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(1, a.value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(1.0, b.value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<int> a(in_place, 42);
-    Optional<double> b(in_place, 1);
-    b = a;
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(42, a.value());
-    EXPECT_EQ(42.0, b.value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<int> a;
-    Optional<double> b(in_place, 1);
-    b = a;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(!!b);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, AssignObject_rvalue) {
-  {
-    Optional<float> a;
-    Optional<float> b(0.1f);
-    a = std::move(b);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0.1f, a.value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<std::string> a;
-    Optional<std::string> b("foo");
-    a = std::move(b);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(b);
-    EXPECT_EQ("foo", a.value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<TestObject> a;
-    Optional<TestObject> b(TestObject(3, 0.1));
-    a = std::move(b);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(3, 0.1) == a.value());
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(TestObject::State::MOVE_CONSTRUCTED, a->state());
-    EXPECT_EQ(TestObject::State::MOVED_FROM, b->state());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<TestObject> a(TestObject(4, 1.0));
-    Optional<TestObject> b(TestObject(3, 0.1));
-    a = std::move(b);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(3, 0.1) == a.value());
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(TestObject::State::MOVE_ASSIGNED, a->state());
-    EXPECT_EQ(TestObject::State::MOVED_FROM, b->state());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<DeletedMove> a(in_place, 42);
-    Optional<DeletedMove> b;
-    b = std::move(a);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(42, b->foo());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<DeletedMove> a(in_place, 42);
-    Optional<DeletedMove> b(in_place, 1);
-    b = std::move(a);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(42, b->foo());
-  }
-
-  // Converting assignment.
-  {
-    Optional<int> a(in_place, 1);
-    Optional<double> b;
-    b = std::move(a);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(1.0, b.value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<int> a(in_place, 42);
-    Optional<double> b(in_place, 1);
-    b = std::move(a);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(42.0, b.value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<int> a;
-    Optional<double> b(in_place, 1);
-    b = std::move(a);
-
-    EXPECT_FALSE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(!!b);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, AssignNull) {
-  {
-    Optional<float> a(0.1f);
-    Optional<float> b(0.2f);
-    a = base::nullopt;
-    b = base::nullopt;
-    EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<std::string> a("foo");
-    Optional<std::string> b("bar");
-    a = base::nullopt;
-    b = base::nullopt;
-    EXPECT_EQ(a, b);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<TestObject> a(TestObject(3, 0.1));
-    Optional<TestObject> b(TestObject(4, 1.0));
-    a = base::nullopt;
-    b = base::nullopt;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a == b);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, AssignOverload) {
-  struct Test1 {
-    enum class State {
-      CONSTRUCTED,
-      MOVED,
-    };
-    State state = State::CONSTRUCTED;
-  };
-
-  // Here, Optional<Test2> can be assigned from Optioanl<Test1>.
-  // In case of move, marks MOVED to Test1 instance.
-  struct Test2 {
-    enum class State {
-      DEFAULT_CONSTRUCTED,
-      COPY_CONSTRUCTED_FROM_TEST1,
-      MOVE_CONSTRUCTED_FROM_TEST1,
-      COPY_ASSIGNED_FROM_TEST1,
-      MOVE_ASSIGNED_FROM_TEST1,
-    };
-
-    Test2() = default;
-    explicit Test2(const Test1&) : state(State::COPY_CONSTRUCTED_FROM_TEST1) {}
-    explicit Test2(Test1&& test1) : state(State::MOVE_CONSTRUCTED_FROM_TEST1) {
-      test1.state = Test1::State::MOVED;
-    }
-    Test2& operator=(const Test1&) {
-      state = State::COPY_ASSIGNED_FROM_TEST1;
-      return *this;
-    }
-    Test2& operator=(Test1&& test1) {
-      state = State::MOVE_ASSIGNED_FROM_TEST1;
-      test1.state = Test1::State::MOVED;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    State state = State::DEFAULT_CONSTRUCTED;
-  };
-
-  {
-    Optional<Test1> a(in_place);
-    Optional<Test2> b;
-
-    b = a;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Test1::State::CONSTRUCTED, a->state);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Test2::State::COPY_CONSTRUCTED_FROM_TEST1, b->state);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<Test1> a(in_place);
-    Optional<Test2> b(in_place);
-
-    b = a;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Test1::State::CONSTRUCTED, a->state);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Test2::State::COPY_ASSIGNED_FROM_TEST1, b->state);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<Test1> a(in_place);
-    Optional<Test2> b;
-
-    b = std::move(a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Test1::State::MOVED, a->state);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Test2::State::MOVE_CONSTRUCTED_FROM_TEST1, b->state);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<Test1> a(in_place);
-    Optional<Test2> b(in_place);
-
-    b = std::move(a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Test1::State::MOVED, a->state);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Test2::State::MOVE_ASSIGNED_FROM_TEST1, b->state);
-  }
-
-  // Similar to Test2, but Test3 also has copy/move ctor and assign operators
-  // from Optional<Test1>, too. In this case, for a = b where a is
-  // Optional<Test3> and b is Optional<Test1>,
-  // Optional<T>::operator=(U&&) where U is Optional<Test1> should be used
-  // rather than Optional<T>::operator=(Optional<U>&&) where U is Test1.
-  struct Test3 {
-    enum class State {
-      DEFAULT_CONSTRUCTED,
-      COPY_CONSTRUCTED_FROM_TEST1,
-      MOVE_CONSTRUCTED_FROM_TEST1,
-      COPY_CONSTRUCTED_FROM_OPTIONAL_TEST1,
-      MOVE_CONSTRUCTED_FROM_OPTIONAL_TEST1,
-      COPY_ASSIGNED_FROM_TEST1,
-      MOVE_ASSIGNED_FROM_TEST1,
-      COPY_ASSIGNED_FROM_OPTIONAL_TEST1,
-      MOVE_ASSIGNED_FROM_OPTIONAL_TEST1,
-    };
-
-    Test3() = default;
-    explicit Test3(const Test1&) : state(State::COPY_CONSTRUCTED_FROM_TEST1) {}
-    explicit Test3(Test1&& test1) : state(State::MOVE_CONSTRUCTED_FROM_TEST1) {
-      test1.state = Test1::State::MOVED;
-    }
-    explicit Test3(const Optional<Test1>&)
-        : state(State::COPY_CONSTRUCTED_FROM_OPTIONAL_TEST1) {}
-    explicit Test3(Optional<Test1>&& test1)
-        : state(State::MOVE_CONSTRUCTED_FROM_OPTIONAL_TEST1) {
-      // In the following senarios, given |test1| should always have value.
-      PERFETTO_DCHECK(test1.has_value());
-      test1->state = Test1::State::MOVED;
-    }
-    Test3& operator=(const Test1&) {
-      state = State::COPY_ASSIGNED_FROM_TEST1;
-      return *this;
-    }
-    Test3& operator=(Test1&& test1) {
-      state = State::MOVE_ASSIGNED_FROM_TEST1;
-      test1.state = Test1::State::MOVED;
-      return *this;
-    }
-    Test3& operator=(const Optional<Test1>&) {
-      state = State::COPY_ASSIGNED_FROM_OPTIONAL_TEST1;
-      return *this;
-    }
-    Test3& operator=(Optional<Test1>&& test1) {
-      state = State::MOVE_ASSIGNED_FROM_OPTIONAL_TEST1;
-      // In the following senarios, given |test1| should always have value.
-      PERFETTO_DCHECK(test1.has_value());
-      test1->state = Test1::State::MOVED;
-      return *this;
-    }
-
-    State state = State::DEFAULT_CONSTRUCTED;
-  };
-
-  {
-    Optional<Test1> a(in_place);
-    Optional<Test3> b;
-
-    b = a;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Test1::State::CONSTRUCTED, a->state);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Test3::State::COPY_CONSTRUCTED_FROM_OPTIONAL_TEST1, b->state);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<Test1> a(in_place);
-    Optional<Test3> b(in_place);
-
-    b = a;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Test1::State::CONSTRUCTED, a->state);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Test3::State::COPY_ASSIGNED_FROM_OPTIONAL_TEST1, b->state);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<Test1> a(in_place);
-    Optional<Test3> b;
-
-    b = std::move(a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Test1::State::MOVED, a->state);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Test3::State::MOVE_CONSTRUCTED_FROM_OPTIONAL_TEST1, b->state);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<Test1> a(in_place);
-    Optional<Test3> b(in_place);
-
-    b = std::move(a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Test1::State::MOVED, a->state);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Test3::State::MOVE_ASSIGNED_FROM_OPTIONAL_TEST1, b->state);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, OperatorStar) {
-  {
-    Optional<float> a(0.1f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(a.value(), *a);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<std::string> a("foo");
-    EXPECT_EQ(a.value(), *a);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<TestObject> a(TestObject(3, 0.1));
-    EXPECT_EQ(a.value(), *a);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, OperatorStar_rvalue) {
-  EXPECT_EQ(0.1f, *Optional<float>(0.1f));
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("foo"), *Optional<std::string>("foo"));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(3, 0.1) == *Optional<TestObject>(TestObject(3, 0.1)));
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, OperatorArrow) {
-  Optional<TestObject> a(TestObject(3, 0.1));
-  EXPECT_EQ(a->foo(), 3);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Value_rvalue) {
-  EXPECT_EQ(0.1f, Optional<float>(0.1f).value());
-  EXPECT_EQ(std::string("foo"), Optional<std::string>("foo").value());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(3, 0.1) ==
-              Optional<TestObject>(TestObject(3, 0.1)).value());
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueOr) {
-  {
-    Optional<float> a;
-    EXPECT_EQ(0.0f, a.value_or(0.0f));
-
-    a = 0.1f;
-    EXPECT_EQ(0.1f, a.value_or(0.0f));
-
-    a = base::nullopt;
-    EXPECT_EQ(0.0f, a.value_or(0.0f));
-  }
-
-  // value_or() can be constexpr.
-  {
-    constexpr Optional<int> a(in_place, 1);
-    constexpr int value = a.value_or(10);
-    EXPECT_EQ(1, value);
-  }
-  {
-    constexpr Optional<int> a;
-    constexpr int value = a.value_or(10);
-    EXPECT_EQ(10, value);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<std::string> a;
-    EXPECT_EQ("bar", a.value_or("bar"));
-
-    a = std::string("foo");
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::string("foo"), a.value_or("bar"));
-
-    a = base::nullopt;
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::string("bar"), a.value_or("bar"));
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<TestObject> a;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a.value_or(TestObject(1, 0.3)) == TestObject(1, 0.3));
-
-    a = TestObject(3, 0.1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a.value_or(TestObject(1, 0.3)) == TestObject(3, 0.1));
-
-    a = base::nullopt;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a.value_or(TestObject(1, 0.3)) == TestObject(1, 0.3));
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Swap_bothNoValue) {
-  Optional<TestObject> a, b;
-  a.swap(b);
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(b);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(42, 0.42) == a.value_or(TestObject(42, 0.42)));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(42, 0.42) == b.value_or(TestObject(42, 0.42)));
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Swap_inHasValue) {
-  Optional<TestObject> a(TestObject(1, 0.3));
-  Optional<TestObject> b;
-  a.swap(b);
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a);
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(42, 0.42) == a.value_or(TestObject(42, 0.42)));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(1, 0.3) == b.value_or(TestObject(42, 0.42)));
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Swap_outHasValue) {
-  Optional<TestObject> a;
-  Optional<TestObject> b(TestObject(1, 0.3));
-  a.swap(b);
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(!!b);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(1, 0.3) == a.value_or(TestObject(42, 0.42)));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(42, 0.42) == b.value_or(TestObject(42, 0.42)));
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Swap_bothValue) {
-  Optional<TestObject> a(TestObject(0, 0.1));
-  Optional<TestObject> b(TestObject(1, 0.3));
-  a.swap(b);
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(1, 0.3) == a.value_or(TestObject(42, 0.42)));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(0, 0.1) == b.value_or(TestObject(42, 0.42)));
-  EXPECT_EQ(TestObject::State::SWAPPED, a->state());
-  EXPECT_EQ(TestObject::State::SWAPPED, b->state());
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Emplace) {
-  {
-    Optional<float> a(0.1f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0.3f, a.emplace(0.3f));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0.3f, a.value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<std::string> a("foo");
-    EXPECT_EQ("bar", a.emplace("bar"));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a);
-    EXPECT_EQ("bar", a.value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<TestObject> a(TestObject(0, 0.1));
-    EXPECT_EQ(TestObject(1, 0.2), a.emplace(TestObject(1, 0.2)));
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(1, 0.2) == a.value());
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<std::vector<int>> a;
-    auto& ref = a.emplace({2, 3});
-    static_assert(std::is_same<std::vector<int>&, decltype(ref)>::value, "");
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a);
-    EXPECT_THAT(*a, ElementsAre(2, 3));
-    EXPECT_EQ(&ref, &*a);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<std::vector<int>> a;
-    auto& ref = a.emplace({4, 5}, std::allocator<int>());
-    static_assert(std::is_same<std::vector<int>&, decltype(ref)>::value, "");
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a);
-    EXPECT_THAT(*a, ElementsAre(4, 5));
-    EXPECT_EQ(&ref, &*a);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Equals_TwoEmpty) {
-  Optional<int> a;
-  Optional<int> b;
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(a == b);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Equals_TwoEquals) {
-  Optional<int> a(1);
-  Optional<int> b(1);
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(a == b);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Equals_OneEmpty) {
-  Optional<int> a;
-  Optional<int> b(1);
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a == b);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Equals_TwoDifferent) {
-  Optional<int> a(0);
-  Optional<int> b(1);
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a == b);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Equals_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> a(0);
-  Optional<double> b(0);
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(a == b);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NotEquals_TwoEmpty) {
-  Optional<int> a;
-  Optional<int> b;
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a != b);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NotEquals_TwoEquals) {
-  Optional<int> a(1);
-  Optional<int> b(1);
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a != b);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NotEquals_OneEmpty) {
-  Optional<int> a;
-  Optional<int> b(1);
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(a != b);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NotEquals_TwoDifferent) {
-  Optional<int> a(0);
-  Optional<int> b(1);
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(a != b);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NotEquals_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> a(0);
-  Optional<double> b(0.0);
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a != b);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Less_LeftEmpty) {
-  Optional<int> l;
-  Optional<int> r(1);
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(l < r);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Less_RightEmpty) {
-  Optional<int> l(1);
-  Optional<int> r;
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(l < r);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Less_BothEmpty) {
-  Optional<int> l;
-  Optional<int> r;
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(l < r);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Less_BothValues) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> l(1);
-    Optional<int> r(2);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(l < r);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> l(2);
-    Optional<int> r(1);
-
-    EXPECT_FALSE(l < r);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> l(1);
-    Optional<int> r(1);
-
-    EXPECT_FALSE(l < r);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Less_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> l(1);
-  Optional<double> r(2.0);
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(l < r);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, LessEq_LeftEmpty) {
-  Optional<int> l;
-  Optional<int> r(1);
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(l <= r);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, LessEq_RightEmpty) {
-  Optional<int> l(1);
-  Optional<int> r;
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(l <= r);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, LessEq_BothEmpty) {
-  Optional<int> l;
-  Optional<int> r;
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(l <= r);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, LessEq_BothValues) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> l(1);
-    Optional<int> r(2);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(l <= r);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> l(2);
-    Optional<int> r(1);
-
-    EXPECT_FALSE(l <= r);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> l(1);
-    Optional<int> r(1);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(l <= r);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, LessEq_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> l(1);
-  Optional<double> r(2.0);
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(l <= r);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Greater_BothEmpty) {
-  Optional<int> l;
-  Optional<int> r;
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(l > r);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Greater_LeftEmpty) {
-  Optional<int> l;
-  Optional<int> r(1);
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(l > r);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Greater_RightEmpty) {
-  Optional<int> l(1);
-  Optional<int> r;
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(l > r);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Greater_BothValue) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> l(1);
-    Optional<int> r(2);
-
-    EXPECT_FALSE(l > r);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> l(2);
-    Optional<int> r(1);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(l > r);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> l(1);
-    Optional<int> r(1);
-
-    EXPECT_FALSE(l > r);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Greater_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> l(1);
-  Optional<double> r(2.0);
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(l > r);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, GreaterEq_BothEmpty) {
-  Optional<int> l;
-  Optional<int> r;
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(l >= r);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, GreaterEq_LeftEmpty) {
-  Optional<int> l;
-  Optional<int> r(1);
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(l >= r);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, GreaterEq_RightEmpty) {
-  Optional<int> l(1);
-  Optional<int> r;
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(l >= r);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, GreaterEq_BothValue) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> l(1);
-    Optional<int> r(2);
-
-    EXPECT_FALSE(l >= r);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> l(2);
-    Optional<int> r(1);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(l >= r);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> l(1);
-    Optional<int> r(1);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(l >= r);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, GreaterEq_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> l(1);
-  Optional<double> r(2.0);
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(l >= r);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, OptNullEq) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(opt == base::nullopt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(opt == base::nullopt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NullOptEq) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(base::nullopt == opt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(base::nullopt == opt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, OptNullNotEq) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(opt != base::nullopt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(opt != base::nullopt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NullOptNotEq) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(base::nullopt != opt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(base::nullopt != opt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, OptNullLower) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(opt < base::nullopt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(opt < base::nullopt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NullOptLower) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(base::nullopt < opt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(base::nullopt < opt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, OptNullLowerEq) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(opt <= base::nullopt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(opt <= base::nullopt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NullOptLowerEq) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(base::nullopt <= opt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(base::nullopt <= opt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, OptNullGreater) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(opt > base::nullopt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(opt > base::nullopt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NullOptGreater) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(base::nullopt > opt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(base::nullopt > opt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, OptNullGreaterEq) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(opt >= base::nullopt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(opt >= base::nullopt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NullOptGreaterEq) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(base::nullopt >= opt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(base::nullopt >= opt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueEq_Empty) {
-  Optional<int> opt;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(opt == 1);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueEq_NotEmpty) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(0);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(opt == 1);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(opt == 1);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueEq_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> opt(0);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(opt == 0.0);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, EqValue_Empty) {
-  Optional<int> opt;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(1 == opt);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, EqValue_NotEmpty) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(0);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(1 == opt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(1 == opt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, EqValue_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> opt(0);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(0.0 == opt);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueNotEq_Empty) {
-  Optional<int> opt;
-  EXPECT_TRUE(opt != 1);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueNotEq_NotEmpty) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(0);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(opt != 1);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(opt != 1);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OPtionalTest, ValueNotEq_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> opt(0);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(opt != 0.0);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NotEqValue_Empty) {
-  Optional<int> opt;
-  EXPECT_TRUE(1 != opt);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NotEqValue_NotEmpty) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(0);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(1 != opt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(1 != opt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NotEqValue_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> opt(0);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(0.0 != opt);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueLess_Empty) {
-  Optional<int> opt;
-  EXPECT_TRUE(opt < 1);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueLess_NotEmpty) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(0);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(opt < 1);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(opt < 1);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(2);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(opt < 1);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OPtionalTest, ValueLess_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> opt(0);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(opt < 1.0);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, LessValue_Empty) {
-  Optional<int> opt;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(1 < opt);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, LessValue_NotEmpty) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(0);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(1 < opt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(1 < opt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(2);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(1 < opt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, LessValue_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> opt(0);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(0.0 < opt);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueLessEq_Empty) {
-  Optional<int> opt;
-  EXPECT_TRUE(opt <= 1);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueLessEq_NotEmpty) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(0);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(opt <= 1);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(opt <= 1);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(2);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(opt <= 1);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueLessEq_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> opt(0);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(opt <= 0.0);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, LessEqValue_Empty) {
-  Optional<int> opt;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(1 <= opt);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, LessEqValue_NotEmpty) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(0);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(1 <= opt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(1 <= opt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(2);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(1 <= opt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, LessEqValue_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> opt(0);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(0.0 <= opt);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueGreater_Empty) {
-  Optional<int> opt;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(opt > 1);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueGreater_NotEmpty) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(0);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(opt > 1);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(opt > 1);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(2);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(opt > 1);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueGreater_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> opt(0);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(opt > 0.0);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, GreaterValue_Empty) {
-  Optional<int> opt;
-  EXPECT_TRUE(1 > opt);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, GreaterValue_NotEmpty) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(0);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(1 > opt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(1 > opt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(2);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(1 > opt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, GreaterValue_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> opt(0);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(0.0 > opt);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueGreaterEq_Empty) {
-  Optional<int> opt;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(opt >= 1);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueGreaterEq_NotEmpty) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(0);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(opt >= 1);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(opt >= 1);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(2);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(opt >= 1);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, ValueGreaterEq_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> opt(0);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(opt <= 0.0);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, GreaterEqValue_Empty) {
-  Optional<int> opt;
-  EXPECT_TRUE(1 >= opt);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, GreaterEqValue_NotEmpty) {
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(0);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(1 >= opt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(1 >= opt);
-  }
-  {
-    Optional<int> opt(2);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(1 >= opt);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, GreaterEqValue_DifferentType) {
-  Optional<int> opt(0);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(0.0 >= opt);
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NotEquals) {
-  {
-    Optional<float> a(0.1f);
-    Optional<float> b(0.2f);
-    EXPECT_NE(a, b);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<std::string> a("foo");
-    Optional<std::string> b("bar");
-    EXPECT_NE(a, b);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<int> a(1);
-    Optional<double> b(2);
-    EXPECT_NE(a, b);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<TestObject> a(TestObject(3, 0.1));
-    Optional<TestObject> b(TestObject(4, 1.0));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a != b);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NotEqualsNull) {
-  {
-    Optional<float> a(0.1f);
-    Optional<float> b(0.1f);
-    b = base::nullopt;
-    EXPECT_NE(a, b);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<std::string> a("foo");
-    Optional<std::string> b("foo");
-    b = base::nullopt;
-    EXPECT_NE(a, b);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<TestObject> a(TestObject(3, 0.1));
-    Optional<TestObject> b(TestObject(3, 0.1));
-    b = base::nullopt;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(a != b);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, MakeOptional) {
-  {
-    // Use qualified base::make_optional here and elsewhere to avoid the name
-    // confliction to std::make_optional.
-    // The name conflict happens only for types in std namespace, such as
-    // std::string. The other qualified base::make_optional usages are just for
-    // consistency.
-    Optional<float> o = base::make_optional(32.f);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(o);
-    EXPECT_EQ(32.f, *o);
-
-    float value = 3.f;
-    o = base::make_optional(std::move(value));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(o);
-    EXPECT_EQ(3.f, *o);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<std::string> o = base::make_optional(std::string("foo"));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(o);
-    EXPECT_EQ("foo", *o);
-
-    std::string value = "bar";
-    o = base::make_optional(std::move(value));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(o);
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::string("bar"), *o);
-  }
-
-  {
-    Optional<TestObject> o = base::make_optional(TestObject(3, 0.1));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!o);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(3, 0.1) == *o);
-
-    TestObject value = TestObject(0, 0.42);
-    o = base::make_optional(std::move(value));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!o);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(0, 0.42) == *o);
-    EXPECT_EQ(TestObject::State::MOVED_FROM, value.state());
-    EXPECT_EQ(TestObject::State::MOVE_ASSIGNED, o->state());
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(TestObject::State::MOVE_CONSTRUCTED,
-              base::make_optional(std::move(value))->state());
-  }
-
-  {
-    struct Test {
-      Test(int x, double y, bool z) : a(x), b(y), c(z) {}
-
-      int a;
-      double b;
-      bool c;
-    };
-
-    Optional<Test> o = base::make_optional<Test>(1, 2.0, true);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(!!o);
-    EXPECT_EQ(1, o->a);
-    EXPECT_EQ(2.0, o->b);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(o->c);
-  }
-
-  {
-    auto str1 = base::make_optional<std::string>({'1', '2', '3'});
-    EXPECT_EQ("123", *str1);
-
-    auto str2 = base::make_optional<std::string>({'a', 'b', 'c'},
-                                                 std::allocator<char>());
-    EXPECT_EQ("abc", *str2);
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NonMemberSwap_bothNoValue) {
-  Optional<TestObject> a, b;
-  base::swap(a, b);
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(!!a);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(!!b);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(42, 0.42) == a.value_or(TestObject(42, 0.42)));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(42, 0.42) == b.value_or(TestObject(42, 0.42)));
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NonMemberSwap_inHasValue) {
-  Optional<TestObject> a(TestObject(1, 0.3));
-  Optional<TestObject> b;
-  base::swap(a, b);
-
-  EXPECT_FALSE(!!a);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(42, 0.42) == a.value_or(TestObject(42, 0.42)));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(1, 0.3) == b.value_or(TestObject(42, 0.42)));
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NonMemberSwap_outHasValue) {
-  Optional<TestObject> a;
-  Optional<TestObject> b(TestObject(1, 0.3));
-  base::swap(a, b);
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(!!b);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(1, 0.3) == a.value_or(TestObject(42, 0.42)));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(42, 0.42) == b.value_or(TestObject(42, 0.42)));
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, NonMemberSwap_bothValue) {
-  Optional<TestObject> a(TestObject(0, 0.1));
-  Optional<TestObject> b(TestObject(1, 0.3));
-  base::swap(a, b);
-
-  EXPECT_TRUE(!!a);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(!!b);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(1, 0.3) == a.value_or(TestObject(42, 0.42)));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(TestObject(0, 0.1) == b.value_or(TestObject(42, 0.42)));
-  EXPECT_EQ(TestObject::State::SWAPPED, a->state());
-  EXPECT_EQ(TestObject::State::SWAPPED, b->state());
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Hash_OptionalReflectsInternal) {
-  {
-    std::hash<int> int_hash;
-    std::hash<Optional<int>> opt_int_hash;
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(int_hash(1), opt_int_hash(Optional<int>(1)));
-  }
-
-  {
-    std::hash<std::string> str_hash;
-    std::hash<Optional<std::string>> opt_str_hash;
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(str_hash(std::string("foobar")),
-              opt_str_hash(Optional<std::string>(std::string("foobar"))));
-  }
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Hash_NullOptEqualsNullOpt) {
-  std::hash<Optional<int>> opt_int_hash;
-  std::hash<Optional<std::string>> opt_str_hash;
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(opt_str_hash(Optional<std::string>()),
-            opt_int_hash(Optional<int>()));
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Hash_UseInSet) {
-  std::set<Optional<int>> setOptInt;
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(setOptInt.end(), setOptInt.find(42));
-
-  setOptInt.insert(Optional<int>(3));
-  EXPECT_EQ(setOptInt.end(), setOptInt.find(42));
-  EXPECT_NE(setOptInt.end(), setOptInt.find(3));
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, HasValue) {
-  Optional<int> a;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a.has_value());
-
-  a = 42;
-  EXPECT_TRUE(a.has_value());
-
-  a = nullopt;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a.has_value());
-
-  a = 0;
-  EXPECT_TRUE(a.has_value());
-
-  a = Optional<int>();
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a.has_value());
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Reset_int) {
-  Optional<int> a(0);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(a.has_value());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, a.value());
-
-  a.reset();
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a.has_value());
-  EXPECT_EQ(-1, a.value_or(-1));
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Reset_Object) {
-  Optional<TestObject> a(TestObject(0, 0.1));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(a.has_value());
-  EXPECT_EQ(TestObject(0, 0.1), a.value());
-
-  a.reset();
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a.has_value());
-  EXPECT_EQ(TestObject(42, 0.0), a.value_or(TestObject(42, 0.0)));
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Reset_NoOp) {
-  Optional<int> a;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a.has_value());
-
-  a.reset();
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a.has_value());
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, AssignFromRValue) {
-  Optional<TestObject> a;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a.has_value());
-
-  TestObject obj;
-  a = std::move(obj);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(a.has_value());
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, a->move_ctors_count());
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, DontCallDefaultCtor) {
-  Optional<DeletedDefaultConstructor> a;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a.has_value());
-
-  a = base::make_optional<DeletedDefaultConstructor>(42);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(a.has_value());
-  EXPECT_EQ(42, a->foo());
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, DontCallNewMemberFunction) {
-  Optional<DeleteNewOperators> a;
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a.has_value());
-
-  a = DeleteNewOperators();
-  EXPECT_TRUE(a.has_value());
-}
-
-TEST(OptionalTest, Noexcept) {
-  // Trivial copy ctor, non-trivial move ctor, nothrow move assign.
-  struct Test1 {
-    Test1(const Test1&) = default;
-    Test1(Test1&&) {}
-    Test1& operator=(Test1&&) = default;
-  };
-  // Non-trivial copy ctor, trivial move ctor, throw move assign.
-  struct Test2 {
-    Test2(const Test2&) {}
-    Test2(Test2&&) = default;
-    Test2& operator=(Test2&&) { return *this; }
-  };
-  // Trivial copy ctor, non-trivial nothrow move ctor.
-  struct Test3 {
-    Test3(const Test3&) = default;
-    Test3(Test3&&) noexcept {}
-  };
-  // Non-trivial copy ctor, non-trivial nothrow move ctor.
-  struct Test4 {
-    Test4(const Test4&) {}
-    Test4(Test4&&) noexcept {}
-  };
-  // Non-trivial copy ctor, non-trivial move ctor.
-  struct Test5 {
-    Test5(const Test5&) {}
-    Test5(Test5&&) {}
-  };
-
-  static_assert(
-      noexcept(Optional<int>(std::declval<Optional<int>>())),
-      "move constructor for noexcept move-constructible T must be noexcept "
-      "(trivial copy, trivial move)");
-  static_assert(
-      !noexcept(Optional<Test1>(std::declval<Optional<Test1>>())),
-      "move constructor for non-noexcept move-constructible T must not be "
-      "noexcept (trivial copy)");
-  static_assert(
-      noexcept(Optional<Test2>(std::declval<Optional<Test2>>())),
-      "move constructor for noexcept move-constructible T must be noexcept "
-      "(non-trivial copy, trivial move)");
-  static_assert(
-      noexcept(Optional<Test3>(std::declval<Optional<Test3>>())),
-      "move constructor for noexcept move-constructible T must be noexcept "
-      "(trivial copy, non-trivial move)");
-  static_assert(
-      noexcept(Optional<Test4>(std::declval<Optional<Test4>>())),
-      "move constructor for noexcept move-constructible T must be noexcept "
-      "(non-trivial copy, non-trivial move)");
-  static_assert(
-      !noexcept(Optional<Test5>(std::declval<Optional<Test5>>())),
-      "move constructor for non-noexcept move-constructible T must not be "
-      "noexcept (non-trivial copy)");
-
-  static_assert(
-      noexcept(std::declval<Optional<int>>() = std::declval<Optional<int>>()),
-      "move assign for noexcept move-constructible/move-assignable T "
-      "must be noexcept");
-  static_assert(
-      !noexcept(std::declval<Optional<Test1>>() =
-                    std::declval<Optional<Test1>>()),
-      "move assign for non-noexcept move-constructible T must not be noexcept");
-  static_assert(
-      !noexcept(std::declval<Optional<Test2>>() =
-                    std::declval<Optional<Test2>>()),
-      "move assign for non-noexcept move-assignable T must not be noexcept");
-}
-
-}  // namespace base
-}  // namespace perfetto
-
-#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
-#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-#endif
diff --git a/src/profiling/perf/event_reader.cc b/src/profiling/perf/event_reader.cc
index 5f52f88..ae6e187 100644
--- a/src/profiling/perf/event_reader.cc
+++ b/src/profiling/perf/event_reader.cc
@@ -240,10 +240,8 @@
   if (!ring_buffer.has_value()) {
     return base::nullopt;
   }
-
-  return base::make_optional<EventReader>(cpu, *event_cfg.perf_attr(),
-                                          std::move(leader_fd),
-                                          std::move(ring_buffer.value()));
+  return EventReader(cpu, *event_cfg.perf_attr(), std::move(leader_fd),
+                     std::move(ring_buffer.value()));
 }
 
 base::Optional<ParsedSample> EventReader::ReadUntilSample(
diff --git a/src/profiling/perf/event_reader.h b/src/profiling/perf/event_reader.h
index 9c86fc9..92e7521 100644
--- a/src/profiling/perf/event_reader.h
+++ b/src/profiling/perf/event_reader.h
@@ -71,10 +71,6 @@
 
 class EventReader {
  public:
-  // Allow base::Optional<EventReader> without making the constructor public.
-  template <typename EventReader, bool>
-  friend struct base::internal::OptionalStorageBase;
-
   static base::Optional<EventReader> ConfigureEvents(
       uint32_t cpu,
       const EventConfig& event_cfg);
diff --git a/src/trace_processor/importers/ftrace/v4l2_tracker.cc b/src/trace_processor/importers/ftrace/v4l2_tracker.cc
index 66c1709..18546e9 100644
--- a/src/trace_processor/importers/ftrace/v4l2_tracker.cc
+++ b/src/trace_processor/importers/ftrace/v4l2_tracker.cc
@@ -168,10 +168,9 @@
       evt.timecode_userbits2 = pb_evt.timecode_userbits2();
       evt.timecode_userbits3 = pb_evt.timecode_userbits3();
 
-      base::StackString<64> buf_name(
-          "vb2_v4l2_buf_queue minor=%" PRIu32 " seq=%" PRIu32 " type=%" PRIu32
-          " index=%" PRIu32,
-          evt.device_minor, evt.sequence, *evt.type, *evt.index);
+      base::StackString<64> buf_name("vb2_v4l2_buf_queue minor=%" PRIu32
+                                     " seq=%" PRIu32 " type=0 index=0",
+                                     evt.device_minor, evt.sequence);
 
       StringId buf_name_id =
           context_->storage->InternString(buf_name.string_view());
@@ -200,10 +199,9 @@
       evt.timecode_userbits2 = pb_evt.timecode_userbits2();
       evt.timecode_userbits3 = pb_evt.timecode_userbits3();
 
-      base::StackString<64> buf_name(
-          "vb2_v4l2_buf_done minor=%" PRIu32 " seq=%" PRIu32 " type=%" PRIu32
-          " index=%" PRIu32,
-          evt.device_minor, evt.sequence, *evt.type, *evt.index);
+      base::StackString<64> buf_name("vb2_v4l2_buf_done minor=%" PRIu32
+                                     " seq=%" PRIu32 " type=0 index=0",
+                                     evt.device_minor, evt.sequence);
 
       StringId buf_name_id =
           context_->storage->InternString(buf_name.string_view());
@@ -232,10 +230,9 @@
       evt.timecode_userbits2 = pb_evt.timecode_userbits2();
       evt.timecode_userbits3 = pb_evt.timecode_userbits3();
 
-      base::StackString<64> buf_name(
-          "vb2_v4l2_qbuf minor=%" PRIu32 " seq=%" PRIu32 " type=%" PRIu32
-          " index=%" PRIu32,
-          evt.device_minor, evt.sequence, *evt.type, *evt.index);
+      base::StackString<64> buf_name("vb2_v4l2_qbuf minor=%" PRIu32
+                                     " seq=%" PRIu32 " type=0 index=0",
+                                     evt.device_minor, evt.sequence);
 
       StringId buf_name_id =
           context_->storage->InternString(buf_name.string_view());
@@ -264,10 +261,9 @@
       evt.timecode_userbits2 = pb_evt.timecode_userbits2();
       evt.timecode_userbits3 = pb_evt.timecode_userbits3();
 
-      base::StackString<64> buf_name(
-          "vb2_v4l2_qbuf minor=%" PRIu32 " seq=%" PRIu32 " type=%" PRIu32
-          " index=%" PRIu32,
-          evt.device_minor, evt.sequence, *evt.type, *evt.index);
+      base::StackString<64> buf_name("vb2_v4l2_qbuf minor=%" PRIu32
+                                     " seq=%" PRIu32 " type=0 index=0",
+                                     evt.device_minor, evt.sequence);
 
       StringId buf_name_id =
           context_->storage->InternString(buf_name.string_view());
diff --git a/src/trace_processor/importers/proto/heap_graph_tracker.cc b/src/trace_processor/importers/proto/heap_graph_tracker.cc
index fecdbbf..b709d33 100644
--- a/src/trace_processor/importers/proto/heap_graph_tracker.cc
+++ b/src/trace_processor/importers/proto/heap_graph_tracker.cc
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
       {refs_tbl.reference_set_id().eq(ref_set_id),
        refs_tbl.field_name().eq(NullTermStringView(field_name))});
   if (!refs_it) {
-    return {};
+    return base::nullopt;
   }
   return refs_it.owned_id();
 }
diff --git a/src/trace_processor/prelude/table_functions/flamegraph_construction_algorithms.cc b/src/trace_processor/prelude/table_functions/flamegraph_construction_algorithms.cc
index 70509d5..cd49b14 100644
--- a/src/trace_processor/prelude/table_functions/flamegraph_construction_algorithms.cc
+++ b/src/trace_processor/prelude/table_functions/flamegraph_construction_algorithms.cc
@@ -133,8 +133,10 @@
         tables::ExperimentalFlamegraphNodesTable::Row row{};
         if (parent_idx) {
           row.depth = tbl->depth()[*parent_idx] + 1;
+          row.parent_id = tbl->id()[*parent_idx];
         } else {
           row.depth = 0;
+          row.parent_id = base::nullopt;
         }
 
         // The 'ts' column is given a default value, taken from the query.
@@ -158,8 +160,6 @@
         row.profile_type = profile_type;
         row.name = merged_callsite.frame_name;
         row.map_name = merged_callsite.mapping_name;
-        if (parent_idx)
-          row.parent_id = tbl->id()[*parent_idx];
         tbl->Insert(row);
         callsites_to_rowid[merged_callsite] =
             static_cast<uint32_t>(merged_callsites_to_table_idx.size() - 1);
diff --git a/src/trace_processor/types/task_state.cc b/src/trace_processor/types/task_state.cc
index 91df527..c91a6a4 100644
--- a/src/trace_processor/types/task_state.cc
+++ b/src/trace_processor/types/task_state.cc
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 #include <string.h>
 
+#include "perfetto/base/logging.h"
+
 namespace perfetto {
 namespace trace_processor {
 namespace ftrace_utils {