common/transforms/my-my_FONIPA.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE supplementalData SYSTEM "../../common/dtd/ldmlSupplemental.dtd">
<!-- Copyright © 1991-2015 Unicode, Inc.
CLDR data files are interpreted according to the LDML specification (http://unicode.org/reports/tr35/)
For terms of use, see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html -->
<supplementalData>
	<version number="$Revision$" />
	<transforms>
		<transform source="my" target="my_FONIPA" direction="forward" alias="my-fonipa-t-my">
			<tRule><![CDATA[

# Pronunciation rules for Burmese.
#
# The following rules are lexical and heuristic: lexical in the sense
# that they generate phoneme strings which may further undergo
# post-lexical phonological processes, in particular voicing, to
# result in actual surface forms; heuristic in the sense that they try
# to resolve ambiguities, especially around reduced vowels, in a
# systematic way that may be incorrect in many situations. Vowel
# reduction depends on many factors, such as morphemic structure,
# which are not available here.

#
# Definitions
#

# Dependent vowel signs
$vs_AA = \u102B;
$vs_aa = \u102C;
$vs_i = \u102D;
$vs_ii = \u102E;
$vs_u = \u102F;
$vs_uu = \u1030;
$vs_e = \u1031;
$vs_ai = \u1032;

# Various signs
$anusvara = \u1036;
$visarga = \u1038;
$virama = \u1039;
$asat = \u103A;

# Dependent (medial) consonant signs
$med_y = \u103B;
$med_r = \u103C;
$med_w = \u103D;
$med_h = \u103E;

# Independent letters and letter-like punctuation symbols
$independent = [\u1000-\u102A \u103F \u104C-\u104F \u1050-\u1055];

$creaky = \u0330;
$high = \u0301;
$low = \u0300;
$coda = [$creaky $high $low ɴ ʔ ə];  # TODO: remove if unused

#
# Preprocessing
#

::NFC;

# Replace U+102B TALL AA with U+102C AA. Their pronunciation is identical.
$vs_AA → $vs_aa;

# Unstack kinzi (င် plus U+1039 VIRAMA) into plain င်.
# Hmm, what would happen if the syllable ending in kinzi had non-low tone?
င် $virama → င်;

# Unstack everything else, i.e. replace U+1039 VIRAMA with U+103A ASAT.
$virama → $asat;

# Unstack U+103F GREAT SA.
ဿ → သ်သ;

# Insert a syllable boundary marker /./ before every independent letter.
::Null;
[^.$] { } $independent ([\u1037\u103B-\u103E])* [^\u103A] → \.;

# Insert default inherent vowel: /a̰/ at the end, /ə/ everywhere else.
::Null;
([\u1000-\u1021\u103F] [\u103B-\u103E]*) } [$] → $1 a $creaky;
([\u1000-\u1021\u103F] [\u103B-\u103E]*) } \.  → $1 ə;

# Allow for additional coda consonants.
#
# This only covers a few of the cases in which full coda consonants
# can appear in loanwords. The general situation is somewhat rare and
# is more easily dealt with in a formalism that can impose structural
# constraints on syllables more easily.
::Null;
$asat ($visarga)? [\u1000-\u102A] { $asat → ;

# Deal with ၎င်း early.
၎င်း → lə\.ɡa $high ʊ̯ɴ;

#
# Rhymes
#

::Null;

က် → ɛʔ;

ဂ် → ɛʔ;  # in မဂ္ဂဇင်း ~ မဂ်ဂဇင်း /mɛʔ.ɡə.zɪ́ɴ/

င့် → ɪ $creaky ɴ;
င်း → ɪ $high ɴ;
င် → ɪ $low ɴ;

စ် → ɪʔ;  # maybe sometimes /eɪ̯ʔ/

ဉ့် → ɪ $creaky ɴ;
ဉ်း → ɪ $high ɴ;
ဉ် → ɪ $low ɴ;

ည့် → ɛ $creaky;
ည်း → ɛ $high;
ည် → ɛ $low;

ဏ့် → a $creaky ɴ;
ဏ်း → a $high ɴ;
ဏ် → a $low ɴ;

တ် → aʔ;

န့် → a $creaky ɴ;
န်း → a $high ɴ;
န် → a $low ɴ;

ပ် → aʔ;

မ့် → a $creaky ɴ;
မ်း → a $high ɴ;
မ် → a $low ɴ;

ယ့် → ɛ $creaky;
ယ်း → ɛ $high;
ယ် → ɛ $low;

သ် → aʔ;

$vs_aa ဉ့် → ɪ $creaky ɴ;
$vs_aa ဉ်း → ɪ $high ɴ;
$vs_aa ဉ် → ɪ $low ɴ;
$vs_aa တ် → aʔ;
$vs_aa ဏ့် → a $creaky ɴ;
$vs_aa ဏ်း → a $high ɴ;
$vs_aa ဏ် → a $low ɴ;
$vs_aa န့် → a $creaky ɴ;
$vs_aa န်း → a $high ɴ;
$vs_aa န် → a $low ɴ;
$vs_aa ပ် → aʔ;  # in ကလာပ်စည်း /kə.laʔ.sɛ́/ (club cell)
$vs_aa ယ့် → ɛ $creaky;
$vs_aa ယ်း → ɛ $high;
$vs_aa ယ် → ɛ $low;
$vs_aa ့ → a $creaky;  # redundant creaky tone
$vs_aa း → a $high;
$vs_aa → a $low;

$vs_i က် → eɪ̯ʔ;
$vs_i စ် → eɪ̯ʔ;
$vs_i တ် → eɪ̯ʔ;
$vs_i န့် → e $creaky ɪ̯ɴ;
$vs_i န်း → e $high ɪ̯ɴ;
$vs_i န် → e $low ɪ̯ɴ;
$vs_i ပ် → eɪ̯ʔ;
$vs_i မ့် → e $creaky ɪ̯ɴ;
$vs_i မ်း → e $high ɪ̯ɴ;
$vs_i မ် → e $low ɪ̯ɴ;
$vs_i $vs_u က် → aɪ̯ʔ;
$vs_i $vs_u င့် → a $creaky ɪ̯ɴ;
$vs_i $vs_u င်း → a $high ɪ̯ɴ;
$vs_i $vs_u င် → a $low ɪ̯ɴ;
$vs_i $vs_u ဏ့် → a $creaky ɪ̯ɴ;
$vs_i $vs_u ဏ်း → a $high ɪ̯ɴ;
$vs_i $vs_u ဏ် → a $low ɪ̯ɴ;
$vs_i $vs_u ယ့် → o $creaky;
$vs_i $vs_u ယ်း → o $high;
$vs_i $vs_u ယ် → o $low;  # in ကိုယ် /kò/
$vs_i $vs_u ့ → o $creaky;
$vs_i $vs_u း → o $high;
$vs_i $vs_u → o $low;
$vs_i $anusvara ့ → e $creaky ɪ̯ɴ;
$vs_i $anusvara း → e $high ɪ̯ɴ;
$vs_i $anusvara → e $low ɪ̯ɴ;
$vs_i → i $creaky;

$vs_ii ့ → i $creaky;  # this does not usually occur
$vs_ii း → i $high;
$vs_ii → i $low;

$vs_u က် → oʊ̯ʔ;
$vs_u ဂ် → oʊ̯ʔ;
$vs_u ဏ့် → o $creaky ʊ̯ɴ;
$vs_u ဏ်း → o $high ʊ̯ɴ;
$vs_u ဏ် → o $low ʊ̯ɴ;
$vs_u တ် → oʊ̯ʔ;
$vs_u န့် → o $creaky ʊ̯ɴ;
$vs_u န်း → o $high ʊ̯ɴ;
$vs_u န် → o $low ʊ̯ɴ;
$vs_u ပ် → oʊ̯ʔ;
$vs_u မ့် → o $creaky ʊ̯ɴ;
$vs_u မ်း → o $high ʊ̯ɴ;
$vs_u မ် → o $low ʊ̯ɴ;
$vs_u $anusvara ့ → o $creaky ʊ̯ɴ;
$vs_u $anusvara း → o $high ʊ̯ɴ;
$vs_u $anusvara → o $low ʊ̯ɴ;
$vs_u → u $creaky;

$vs_uu ့ → u $creaky;  # this does not usually occur
$vs_uu း → u $high;
$vs_uu → u $low;

$vs_e တ် → ɪʔ;
$vs_e $vs_aa က် → aʊ̯ʔ;
$vs_e $vs_aa င့် → a $creaky ʊ̯ɴ;
$vs_e $vs_aa င်း → a $high ʊ̯ɴ;
$vs_e $vs_aa င် → a $low ʊ̯ɴ;
$vs_e $vs_aa ့ → ɔ $creaky;
$vs_e $vs_aa း → ɔ $high;  # redundant high tone; this does not usually occur
$vs_e $vs_aa ် → ɔ $low;
$vs_e $vs_aa → ɔ $high;
$vs_e ့ → e $creaky;
$vs_e း → e $high;
$vs_e → e $low;

$vs_ai ့ → ɛ $creaky;
$vs_ai း → ɛ $high;  # redundant high tone; this does not usually occur
$vs_ai → ɛ $high;

$anusvara ့ → a $creaky ɴ;
$anusvara း → a $high ɴ;
$anusvara → a $low ɴ;

$med_w တ် → ʊʔ;
$med_w န့် → ʊ $creaky ɴ;
$med_w န်း → ʊ $high ɴ;
$med_w န် → ʊ $low ɴ;
$med_w ပ် → ʊʔ;
$med_w မ့် → ʊ $creaky ɴ;
$med_w မ်း → ʊ $high ɴ;
$med_w မ် → ʊ $low ɴ;

#
# Medials
#

::Null;

# Palatalization of the velar stops before MEDIAL YA and MEDIAL RA:
# velar + /j/ ==> modern palatals.

ကျ → t͡ɕ;
ချ → t͡ɕʰ;
ဂျ → d͡ʑ;
ဃျ → d͡ʑ;

ကြ → t͡ɕ;
ခြ → t͡ɕʰ;
ဂြ → d͡ʑ;
ဃြ → d͡ʑ;

# Remove redundant MEDIAL YA and MEDIAL RA after initial YA.
ယ { [$med_y $med_r] → ;

# Reorder the medials so that U+103E SIGN MEDIAL HA comes before any
# other medials.

# First, push U+103E MEDIAL HA before U+103D MEDIAL WA.
\u103D \u103E → \u103E \u103D;
::Null;
# Now MEDIAL WA comes last.

# Produce the palatal ʃ from (SA|LA)+YA+HA.
သျှ → ʃ;
လျှ → ʃ;

# Second, push U+103E MEDIAL HA before U+103C MEDIAL RA.
\u103C \u103E → \u103E \u103C;
::Null;

# Finally, push U+103E MEDIAL HA before U+103B MEDIAL YA.
\u103B \u103E → \u103E \u103B;
::Null;

# Consume MEDIAL HA and apply devoicing.

ငှ → ŋ̊;
ဉှ → ɲ̥;
ညှ → ɲ̥;
ဏှ → n̥;
နှ → n̥;
မှ → m̥;
ယှ → ʃ;
ရှ → ʃ;
လှ → l̥;
ဝှ → w̥;
ဠှ → l̥;

# Drop any remaining U+103E MEDIAL HA.
\u103E → ;

# Simplify medial cluster /jw/ to /w/, i.e. drop U+103B MEDIAL YA and
# U+103C MEDIAL RA before U+103D MEDIAL WA.  # TODO: revisit this
\u103B } \u103D → ;
\u103C } \u103D → ;

\u103B → j;
\u103C → j;
\u103D → w;

#
# Initials
#

# Velars
က → k;
ခ → kʰ;
ဂ → ɡ;
ဃ → ɡ;
င → ŋ;

# Historic palatals
စ → s;
ဆ → sʰ;
ဇ → z;
ဈ → z;
ဉ → ɲ;
ည → ɲ;

# Alveolars
ဋ → t;
ဌ → tʰ;
ဍ → d;
ဎ → d;
ဏ → n;

# Historic dentals ==> alveolars
တ → t;
ထ → tʰ;
ဒ → d;
ဓ → d;
န → n;

# Labials
ပ → p;
ဖ → pʰ;
ဗ → b;
ဘ → b;
မ → m;

# Other letters
ယ → j;
ရ → j;  # historic /r/
လ် → ;  # final, typically not pronounced in native words
လ → l;
ဝ → w;
သ → θ;  # historic /s/ ==> modern dental
ဟ → h;
ဠ → l;
အ → ʔ;

# Independent vowels

ဣ့ → ʔḭ;  # redundant creaky tone; this does not usually occur
ဣး → ʔí;  # this does not usually occur
ဣ → ʔḭ;

ဤ့ → ʔḭ;  # this does not usually occur
ဤး → ʔí;  # this does not usually occur
ဤ → ʔì;

ဥ့ → ʔṵ;  # redundant creaky tone; this does not usually occur
ဥး → ʔú;  # this does not usually occur
ဥ → ʔṵ;

ဦ့ → ʔṵ;  # this does not usually occur
ဦး → ʔú;
ဦ → ʔù;

ဧ့ → ʔḛ;  # this does not usually occur
ဧး → ʔé;
ဧ → ʔè;

ဩ့ → ʔɔ̰;  # this does not usually occur
ဩး → ʔɔ́;  # redundant high tone; this does not usually occur
ဩ → ʔɔ́;

ဪ့ → ʔɔ̰;  # this does not usually occur
ဪး → ʔɔ́;  # this does not usually occur
ဪ → ʔɔ̀;

# Various signs

၌ → n̥aɪ̯ʔ;
၍ → jwḛ;
# ၎င်း was handled earlier.
၏ → ʔḭ;

#
# Postprocessing
#

# Delete any remaining U+103A ASAT.
$asat → ;

# Delete zero-width space, non-joiner, joiner.
[\u200B-\u200D] → ;

::NFC;

			]]></tRule>
		</transform>
	</transforms>
</supplementalData>