| |
| <style> |
| body { margin: 0; } |
| pre { color: #DCDCCC; background: #3F3F3F; font-size: 22px; padding: 0.4em; } |
| |
| .lifetime { color: #DFAF8F; font-style: italic; } |
| .comment { color: #7F9F7F; } |
| .documentation { color: #629755; } |
| .injected { opacity: 0.65 ; } |
| .struct, .enum { color: #7CB8BB; } |
| .enum_variant { color: #BDE0F3; } |
| .string_literal { color: #CC9393; } |
| .field { color: #94BFF3; } |
| .function { color: #93E0E3; } |
| .function.unsafe { color: #BC8383; } |
| .operator.unsafe { color: #BC8383; } |
| .parameter { color: #94BFF3; } |
| .text { color: #DCDCCC; } |
| .type { color: #7CB8BB; } |
| .builtin_type { color: #8CD0D3; } |
| .type_param { color: #DFAF8F; } |
| .attribute { color: #94BFF3; } |
| .numeric_literal { color: #BFEBBF; } |
| .bool_literal { color: #BFE6EB; } |
| .macro { color: #94BFF3; } |
| .module { color: #AFD8AF; } |
| .variable { color: #DCDCCC; } |
| .format_specifier { color: #CC696B; } |
| .mutable { text-decoration: underline; } |
| .unresolved_reference { color: #FC5555; } |
| .escape_sequence { color: #94BFF3; } |
| |
| .keyword { color: #F0DFAF; font-weight: bold; } |
| .keyword.unsafe { color: #BC8383; font-weight: bold; } |
| .control { font-style: italic; } |
| </style> |
| <pre><code><span class="macro">macro_rules!</span> <span class="macro declaration">println</span> { |
| ($($arg:tt)*) => ({ |
| $<span class="keyword">crate</span>::io::_print($<span class="keyword">crate</span>::format_args_nl!($($arg)*)); |
| }) |
| } |
| #[rustc_builtin_macro] |
| <span class="macro">macro_rules!</span> <span class="macro declaration">format_args_nl</span> { |
| ($fmt:expr) => {{ <span class="comment">/* compiler built-in */</span> }}; |
| ($fmt:expr, $($args:tt)*) => {{ <span class="comment">/* compiler built-in */</span> }}; |
| } |
| |
| <span class="keyword">fn</span> <span class="function declaration">main</span>() { |
| <span class="comment">// from https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html</span> |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello"</span>); <span class="comment">// => "Hello"</span> |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello, </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">!"</span>, <span class="string_literal">"world"</span>); <span class="comment">// => "Hello, world!"</span> |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"The number is </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">1</span>); <span class="comment">// => "The number is 1"</span> |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">?</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">"</span>, (<span class="numeric_literal">3</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">4</span>)); <span class="comment">// => "(3, 4)"</span> |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">value</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">"</span>, value=<span class="numeric_literal">4</span>); <span class="comment">// => "4"</span> |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">1</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">2</span>); <span class="comment">// => "1 2"</span> |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="numeric_literal">4</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">42</span>); <span class="comment">// => "0042" with leading zerosV</span> |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">1</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">1</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">2</span>); <span class="comment">// => "2 1 1 2"</span> |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">argument</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">"</span>, argument = <span class="string_literal">"test"</span>); <span class="comment">// => "test"</span> |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">name</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">1</span>, name = <span class="numeric_literal">2</span>); <span class="comment">// => "2 1"</span> |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">a</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">c</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal"> </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">b</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">"</span>, a=<span class="string_literal">"a"</span>, b=<span class="char_literal">'b'</span>, c=<span class="numeric_literal">3</span>); <span class="comment">// => "a 3 b"</span> |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"{{</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">}}"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">2</span>); <span class="comment">// => "{2}"</span> |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="numeric_literal">5</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">!"</span>, <span class="string_literal">"x"</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="numeric_literal">1</span><span class="format_specifier">$</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">!"</span>, <span class="string_literal">"x"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">5</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">1</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="format_specifier">$</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">!"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">5</span>, <span class="string_literal">"x"</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="variable">width</span><span class="format_specifier">$</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">!"</span>, <span class="string_literal">"x"</span>, width = <span class="numeric_literal">5</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier"><</span><span class="numeric_literal">5</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">!"</span>, <span class="string_literal">"x"</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">-</span><span class="format_specifier"><</span><span class="numeric_literal">5</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">!"</span>, <span class="string_literal">"x"</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">^</span><span class="numeric_literal">5</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">!"</span>, <span class="string_literal">"x"</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">></span><span class="numeric_literal">5</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">!"</span>, <span class="string_literal">"x"</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">+</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">!"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">5</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">#</span><span class="variable">x</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">!"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">27</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="numeric_literal">5</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">!"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">5</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="numeric_literal">5</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">!"</span>, -<span class="numeric_literal">5</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">#</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="numeric_literal">10</span><span class="variable">x</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">!"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">27</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal"> is </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">1</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="numeric_literal">5</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">"</span>, <span class="string_literal">"x"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">0.01</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">1</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal"> is </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">2</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="format_specifier">$</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">5</span>, <span class="string_literal">"x"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">0.01</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">0</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal"> is </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">2</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="numeric_literal">1</span><span class="format_specifier">$</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">"</span>, <span class="string_literal">"x"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">5</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">0.01</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal"> is </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="format_specifier">*</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">"</span>, <span class="string_literal">"x"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">5</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">0.01</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal"> is </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="numeric_literal">2</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="format_specifier">*</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">"</span>, <span class="string_literal">"x"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">5</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">0.01</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal"> is </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">number</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="variable">prec</span><span class="format_specifier">$</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">"</span>, <span class="string_literal">"x"</span>, prec = <span class="numeric_literal">5</span>, number = <span class="numeric_literal">0.01</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">, `</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">name</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="format_specifier">*</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">` has 3 fractional digits"</span>, <span class="string_literal">"Hello"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">3</span>, name=<span class="numeric_literal">1234.56</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">, `</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">name</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="format_specifier">*</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">` has 3 characters"</span>, <span class="string_literal">"Hello"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">3</span>, name=<span class="string_literal">"1234.56"</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">, `</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">name</span><span class="format_specifier">:</span><span class="format_specifier">></span><span class="numeric_literal">8</span><span class="format_specifier">.</span><span class="format_specifier">*</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">` has 3 right-aligned characters"</span>, <span class="string_literal">"Hello"</span>, <span class="numeric_literal">3</span>, name=<span class="string_literal">"1234.56"</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello {{}}"</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"{{ Hello"</span>); |
| |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">r"Hello, </span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">!"</span>, <span class="string_literal">"world"</span>); |
| |
| <span class="comment">// escape sequences</span> |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"Hello</span><span class="escape_sequence">\n</span><span class="string_literal">World"</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="escape_sequence">\u{48}</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x65</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x6C</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x6C</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x6F</span><span class="string_literal"> World"</span>); |
| |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="escape_sequence">\x41</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">"</span>, A = <span class="numeric_literal">92</span>); |
| <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string_literal">"</span><span class="format_specifier">{</span><span class="variable">ничоси</span><span class="format_specifier">}</span><span class="string_literal">"</span>, ничоси = <span class="numeric_literal">92</span>); |
| }</code></pre> |