compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/variance/mod.rs

//! Module for inferring the variance of type and lifetime parameters. See the [rustc dev guide]
//! chapter for more info.
//!
//! [rustc dev guide]: https://rustc-dev-guide.rust-lang.org/variance.html

use rustc_arena::DroplessArena;
use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
use rustc_hir::def_id::{DefId, LocalDefId};
use rustc_middle::ty::query::Providers;
use rustc_middle::ty::{self, CrateVariancesMap, SubstsRef, Ty, TyCtxt};
use rustc_middle::ty::{DefIdTree, TypeSuperVisitable, TypeVisitable};
use std::ops::ControlFlow;

/// Defines the `TermsContext` basically houses an arena where we can
/// allocate terms.
mod terms;

/// Code to gather up constraints.
mod constraints;

/// Code to solve constraints and write out the results.
mod solve;

/// Code to write unit tests of variance.
pub mod test;

/// Code for transforming variances.
mod xform;

pub fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
    *providers = Providers { variances_of, crate_variances, ..*providers };
}

fn crate_variances(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, (): ()) -> CrateVariancesMap<'_> {
    let arena = DroplessArena::default();
    let terms_cx = terms::determine_parameters_to_be_inferred(tcx, &arena);
    let constraints_cx = constraints::add_constraints_from_crate(terms_cx);
    solve::solve_constraints(constraints_cx)
}

fn variances_of(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, item_def_id: DefId) -> &[ty::Variance] {
    // Skip items with no generics - there's nothing to infer in them.
    if tcx.generics_of(item_def_id).count() == 0 {
        return &[];
    }

    match tcx.def_kind(item_def_id) {
        DefKind::Fn
        | DefKind::AssocFn
        | DefKind::Enum
        | DefKind::Struct
        | DefKind::Union
        | DefKind::Variant
        | DefKind::Ctor(..) => {}
        DefKind::OpaqueTy | DefKind::ImplTraitPlaceholder => {
            return variance_of_opaque(tcx, item_def_id.expect_local());
        }
        _ => {
            // Variance not relevant.
            span_bug!(tcx.def_span(item_def_id), "asked to compute variance for wrong kind of item")
        }
    }

    // Everything else must be inferred.

    let crate_map = tcx.crate_variances(());
    crate_map.variances.get(&item_def_id).copied().unwrap_or(&[])
}

#[instrument(level = "trace", skip(tcx), ret)]
fn variance_of_opaque(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, item_def_id: LocalDefId) -> &[ty::Variance] {
    let generics = tcx.generics_of(item_def_id);

    // Opaque types may only use regions that are bound. So for
    // ```rust
    // type Foo<'a, 'b, 'c> = impl Trait<'a> + 'b;
    // ```
    // we may not use `'c` in the hidden type.
    struct OpaqueTypeLifetimeCollector<'tcx> {
        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
        root_def_id: DefId,
        variances: Vec<ty::Variance>,
    }

    impl<'tcx> OpaqueTypeLifetimeCollector<'tcx> {
        #[instrument(level = "trace", skip(self), ret)]
        fn visit_opaque(&mut self, def_id: DefId, substs: SubstsRef<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<!> {
            if def_id != self.root_def_id && self.tcx.is_descendant_of(def_id, self.root_def_id) {
                let child_variances = self.tcx.variances_of(def_id);
                for (a, v) in substs.iter().zip(child_variances) {
                    if *v != ty::Bivariant {
                        a.visit_with(self)?;
                    }
                }
                ControlFlow::Continue(())
            } else {
                substs.visit_with(self)
            }
        }
    }

    impl<'tcx> ty::TypeVisitor<TyCtxt<'tcx>> for OpaqueTypeLifetimeCollector<'tcx> {
        #[instrument(level = "trace", skip(self), ret)]
        fn visit_region(&mut self, r: ty::Region<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
            if let ty::RegionKind::ReEarlyBound(ebr) = r.kind() {
                self.variances[ebr.index as usize] = ty::Invariant;
            }
            r.super_visit_with(self)
        }

        #[instrument(level = "trace", skip(self), ret)]
        fn visit_ty(&mut self, t: Ty<'tcx>) -> ControlFlow<Self::BreakTy> {
            match t.kind() {
                ty::Alias(_, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. })
                    if matches!(
                        self.tcx.def_kind(*def_id),
                        DefKind::OpaqueTy | DefKind::ImplTraitPlaceholder
                    ) =>
                {
                    self.visit_opaque(*def_id, substs)
                }
                _ => t.super_visit_with(self),
            }
        }
    }

    // By default, RPIT are invariant wrt type and const generics, but they are bivariant wrt
    // lifetime generics.
    let mut variances: Vec<_> = std::iter::repeat(ty::Invariant).take(generics.count()).collect();

    // Mark all lifetimes from parent generics as unused (Bivariant).
    // This will be overridden later if required.
    {
        let mut generics = generics;
        while let Some(def_id) = generics.parent {
            generics = tcx.generics_of(def_id);
            for param in &generics.params {
                match param.kind {
                    ty::GenericParamDefKind::Lifetime => {
                        variances[param.index as usize] = ty::Bivariant;
                    }
                    ty::GenericParamDefKind::Type { .. }
                    | ty::GenericParamDefKind::Const { .. } => {}
                }
            }
        }
    }

    let mut collector =
        OpaqueTypeLifetimeCollector { tcx, root_def_id: item_def_id.to_def_id(), variances };
    let id_substs = ty::InternalSubsts::identity_for_item(tcx, item_def_id.to_def_id());
    for pred in tcx.bound_explicit_item_bounds(item_def_id.to_def_id()).transpose_iter() {
        let pred = pred.map_bound(|(pred, _)| *pred).subst(tcx, id_substs);
        debug!(?pred);

        // We only ignore opaque type substs if the opaque type is the outermost type.
        // The opaque type may be nested within itself via recursion in e.g.
        // type Foo<'a> = impl PartialEq<Foo<'a>>;
        // which thus mentions `'a` and should thus accept hidden types that borrow 'a
        // instead of requiring an additional `+ 'a`.
        match pred.kind().skip_binder() {
            ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(ty::TraitPredicate {
                trait_ref: ty::TraitRef { def_id: _, substs, .. },
                constness: _,
                polarity: _,
            })) => {
                for subst in &substs[1..] {
                    subst.visit_with(&mut collector);
                }
            }
            ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(ty::ProjectionPredicate {
                projection_ty: ty::AliasTy { substs, .. },
                term,
            })) => {
                for subst in &substs[1..] {
                    subst.visit_with(&mut collector);
                }
                term.visit_with(&mut collector);
            }
            ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::TypeOutlives(ty::OutlivesPredicate(
                _,
                region,
            ))) => {
                region.visit_with(&mut collector);
            }
            _ => {
                pred.visit_with(&mut collector);
            }
        }
    }
    tcx.arena.alloc_from_iter(collector.variances.into_iter())
}