| // natClassLoader.cc - Implementation of java.lang.ClassLoader native methods. |
| |
| /* Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008 Free Software Foundation |
| |
| This file is part of libgcj. |
| |
| This software is copyrighted work licensed under the terms of the |
| Libgcj License. Please consult the file "LIBGCJ_LICENSE" for |
| details. */ |
| |
| /* Author: Kresten Krab Thorup <krab@gnu.org> */ |
| |
| #include <config.h> |
| |
| #include <stdlib.h> |
| #include <stdio.h> |
| #include <string.h> |
| |
| #include <gcj/cni.h> |
| #include <jvm.h> |
| #include <execution.h> |
| |
| #include <java-threads.h> |
| #include <java-interp.h> |
| |
| #include <java/lang/Character.h> |
| #include <java/lang/Thread.h> |
| #include <java/lang/ClassLoader.h> |
| #include <java/lang/InternalError.h> |
| #include <java/lang/IllegalAccessError.h> |
| #include <java/lang/LinkageError.h> |
| #include <java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError.h> |
| #include <java/lang/ClassNotFoundException.h> |
| #include <java/lang/ClassCircularityError.h> |
| #include <java/lang/IncompatibleClassChangeError.h> |
| #include <java/lang/ClassFormatError.h> |
| #include <java/lang/VirtualMachineError.h> |
| #include <java/lang/VMClassLoader.h> |
| #include <java/lang/reflect/Modifier.h> |
| #include <java/lang/Runtime.h> |
| #include <java/lang/StringBuffer.h> |
| #include <java/io/Serializable.h> |
| #include <java/lang/Cloneable.h> |
| #include <java/lang/ref/WeakReference.h> |
| #include <java/util/HashMap.h> |
| #include <gnu/gcj/runtime/BootClassLoader.h> |
| #include <gnu/gcj/runtime/SystemClassLoader.h> |
| |
| // Size of local hash table. |
| #define HASH_LEN 1013 |
| |
| // Hash function for Utf8Consts. |
| #define HASH_UTF(Utf) ((Utf)->hash16() % HASH_LEN) |
| |
| // This records classes which will be registered with the system class |
| // loader when it is initialized. |
| static jclass system_class_list; |
| |
| // This is used as the value of system_class_list after we have |
| // initialized the system class loader; it lets us know that we should |
| // no longer pay attention to the system abi flag. |
| #define SYSTEM_LOADER_INITIALIZED ((jclass) -1) |
| |
| static jclass loaded_classes[HASH_LEN]; |
| |
| // This is the root of a linked list of classes |
| static jclass stack_head; |
| |
| // While bootstrapping we keep a list of classes we found, so that we |
| // can register their packages. There aren't many of these so we |
| // just keep a small buffer here and abort if we overflow. |
| #define BOOTSTRAP_CLASS_LIST_SIZE 20 |
| static jclass bootstrap_class_list[BOOTSTRAP_CLASS_LIST_SIZE]; |
| static int bootstrap_index; |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| jclass |
| java::lang::ClassLoader::loadClassFromSig(jstring name) |
| { |
| int len = _Jv_GetStringUTFLength (name); |
| char sig[len + 1]; |
| _Jv_GetStringUTFRegion (name, 0, name->length(), sig); |
| jclass result = _Jv_FindClassFromSignature(sig, this); |
| if (result == NULL) |
| throw new ClassNotFoundException(name); |
| return result; |
| } |
| |
| |
| |
| // This tries to find a class in our built-in cache. This cache is |
| // used only for classes which are linked in to the executable or |
| // loaded via dlopen(). |
| jclass |
| _Jv_FindClassInCache (_Jv_Utf8Const *name) |
| { |
| JvSynchronize sync (&java::lang::Class::class$); |
| jint hash = HASH_UTF (name); |
| |
| jclass klass; |
| for (klass = loaded_classes[hash]; klass; klass = klass->next_or_version) |
| { |
| if (_Jv_equalUtf8Consts (name, klass->name)) |
| break; |
| } |
| |
| return klass; |
| } |
| |
| void |
| _Jv_UnregisterClass (jclass the_class) |
| { |
| // This can happen if the class could not be defined properly. |
| if (! the_class->name) |
| return; |
| |
| JvSynchronize sync (&java::lang::Class::class$); |
| jint hash = HASH_UTF(the_class->name); |
| |
| jclass *klass = &(loaded_classes[hash]); |
| for ( ; *klass; klass = &((*klass)->next_or_version)) |
| { |
| if (*klass == the_class) |
| { |
| *klass = (*klass)->next_or_version; |
| break; |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // Register an initiating class loader for a given class. |
| void |
| _Jv_RegisterInitiatingLoader (jclass klass, java::lang::ClassLoader *loader) |
| { |
| if (! loader) |
| loader = java::lang::VMClassLoader::bootLoader; |
| if (! loader) |
| { |
| // Very early in the bootstrap process, the Bootstrap classloader may |
| // not exist yet. |
| // FIXME: We could maintain a list of these and come back and register |
| // them later. |
| return; |
| } |
| |
| JvSynchronize sync (loader->loadingConstraints); |
| |
| using namespace java::lang::ref; |
| |
| jstring name = klass->getName(); |
| WeakReference *ref = (WeakReference *) loader->loadingConstraints->get (name); |
| if (ref) |
| { |
| jclass constraint = (jclass) ref->get(); |
| if (constraint && constraint != klass) |
| throw new java::lang::LinkageError(JvNewStringLatin1("loading constraint violated")); |
| } |
| loader->loadingConstraints->put(name, new WeakReference(klass)); |
| loader->loadedClasses->put(name, klass); |
| } |
| |
| // If we found an error while defining an interpreted class, we must |
| // go back and unregister it. |
| void |
| _Jv_UnregisterInitiatingLoader (jclass klass, java::lang::ClassLoader *loader) |
| { |
| if (! loader) |
| loader = java::lang::VMClassLoader::bootLoader; |
| loader->loadedClasses->remove(klass->name->toString()); |
| } |
| |
| // Check a loading constraint. In particular check that, if there is |
| // a constraint for the name of KLASS in LOADER, that it maps to |
| // KLASS. If there is no such constraint, make a new one. If the |
| // constraint is violated, throw an exception. Do nothing for |
| // primitive types. |
| void |
| _Jv_CheckOrCreateLoadingConstraint (jclass klass, |
| java::lang::ClassLoader *loader) |
| { |
| // Strip arrays. |
| while (klass->isArray()) |
| klass = klass->getComponentType(); |
| // Ignore primitive types. |
| if (klass->isPrimitive()) |
| return; |
| |
| if (! loader) |
| loader = java::lang::VMClassLoader::bootLoader; |
| jstring name = klass->getName(); |
| |
| JvSynchronize sync (loader->loadingConstraints); |
| |
| using namespace java::lang::ref; |
| |
| WeakReference *ref = (WeakReference *) loader->loadingConstraints->get (name); |
| if (ref) |
| { |
| jclass constraint = (jclass) ref->get(); |
| if (constraint) |
| { |
| if (klass != constraint) |
| throw new java::lang::LinkageError(JvNewStringLatin1("loading constraint violated")); |
| // Otherwise, all is ok. |
| return; |
| } |
| } |
| // No constraint (or old constraint GC'd). Make a new one. |
| loader->loadingConstraints->put(name, new WeakReference(klass)); |
| } |
| |
| |
| // Class registration. |
| // |
| // There are two kinds of functions that register classes. |
| // |
| // Type 1: |
| // |
| // These take the address of a class that is in an object file. |
| // Because these classes are not allocated on the heap, It is also |
| // necessary to register the address of the object for garbage |
| // collection. This is used with the "old" C++ ABI and with |
| // -findirect-dispatch -fno-indirect-classes. |
| // |
| // Type 2: |
| // |
| // These take an initializer struct, create the class, and return the |
| // address of the newly created class to their caller. These are used |
| // with -findirect-dispatch. |
| // |
| // _Jv_RegisterClasses() and _Jv_RegisterClasses_Counted() are |
| // functions of Type 1, and _Jv_NewClassFromInitializer() and |
| // _Jv_RegisterNewClasses() are of Type 2. |
| |
| |
| // Check that the file we're trying to load has been compiled with a |
| // compatible version of gcj. In previous versions of libgcj we |
| // silently failed to register classes of an incompatible ABI version, |
| // but this was totally bogus. |
| void |
| _Jv_CheckABIVersion (unsigned long value) |
| { |
| // We are compatible with GCJ 4.0.0 BC-ABI classes. This release used a |
| // different format for the version ID string. |
| if (value == OLD_GCJ_40_BC_ABI_VERSION) |
| return; |
| |
| // The 20 low-end bits are used for the version number. |
| unsigned long version = value & 0xfffff; |
| |
| if (value & FLAG_BINARYCOMPAT_ABI) |
| { |
| int abi_rev = version % 100; |
| int abi_ver = version - abi_rev; |
| // We are compatible with abi_rev 0 and 1. |
| if (abi_ver == GCJ_40_BC_ABI_VERSION && abi_rev <= 1) |
| return; |
| } |
| else |
| { |
| // C++ ABI |
| if (version == GCJ_CXX_ABI_VERSION) |
| return; |
| |
| // If we've loaded a library that uses the C++ ABI, and this |
| // library is an incompatible version, then we're dead. There's |
| // no point throwing an exception: that will crash. |
| JvFail ("gcj linkage error.\n" |
| "Incorrect library ABI version detected. Aborting.\n"); |
| } |
| |
| throw new ::java::lang::ClassFormatError |
| (JvNewStringLatin1 ("Library compiled with later ABI version than" |
| " this version of libgcj supports")); |
| } |
| |
| // This function is called many times during startup, before main() is |
| // run. At that point in time we know for certain we are running |
| // single-threaded, so we don't need to lock when adding classes to the |
| // class chain. At all other times, the caller should synchronize on |
| // Class::class$. |
| void |
| _Jv_RegisterClasses (const jclass *classes) |
| { |
| _Jv_RegisterLibForGc (classes); |
| |
| for (; *classes; ++classes) |
| { |
| jclass klass = *classes; |
| |
| _Jv_CheckABIVersion ((unsigned long) klass->next_or_version); |
| (*_Jv_RegisterClassHook) (klass); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // This is a version of _Jv_RegisterClasses that takes a count. |
| void |
| _Jv_RegisterClasses_Counted (const jclass * classes, size_t count) |
| { |
| size_t i; |
| |
| _Jv_RegisterLibForGc (classes); |
| |
| for (i = 0; i < count; i++) |
| { |
| jclass klass = classes[i]; |
| |
| _Jv_CheckABIVersion ((unsigned long) klass->next_or_version); |
| (*_Jv_RegisterClassHook) (klass); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // Create a class on the heap from an initializer struct. |
| inline jclass |
| _Jv_NewClassFromInitializer (const char *class_initializer) |
| { |
| const unsigned long version |
| = ((unsigned long) |
| ((::java::lang::Class *)class_initializer)->next_or_version); |
| _Jv_CheckABIVersion (version); |
| |
| /* We create an instance of java::lang::Class and copy all of its |
| fields except the first word (the vtable pointer) from |
| CLASS_INITIALIZER. This first word is pre-initialized by |
| _Jv_AllocObj, and we don't want to overwrite it. */ |
| |
| jclass new_class |
| = (jclass)_Jv_AllocObj (sizeof (::java::lang::Class), |
| &::java::lang::Class::class$); |
| const char *src = class_initializer + sizeof (void*); |
| char *dst = (char*)new_class + sizeof (void*); |
| size_t len = (::java::lang::Class::initializerSize (version) |
| - sizeof (void*)); |
| memcpy (dst, src, len); |
| |
| new_class->engine = &_Jv_soleIndirectCompiledEngine; |
| |
| /* FIXME: Way back before the dawn of time, we overloaded the |
| SYNTHETIC class access modifier to mean INTERPRETED. This was a |
| Bad Thing, but it didn't matter then because classes were never |
| marked synthetic. However, it is possible to redeem the |
| situation: _Jv_NewClassFromInitializer is only called from |
| compiled classes, so we clear the INTERPRETED flag. This is a |
| kludge! */ |
| new_class->accflags &= ~java::lang::reflect::Modifier::INTERPRETED; |
| |
| (*_Jv_RegisterClassHook) (new_class); |
| |
| return new_class; |
| } |
| |
| // Called by compiler-generated code at DSO initialization. CLASSES |
| // is an array of pairs: the first item of each pair is a pointer to |
| // the initialized data that is a class initializer in a DSO, and the |
| // second is a pointer to a class reference. |
| // _Jv_NewClassFromInitializer() creates the new class (on the Java |
| // heap) and we write the address of the new class into the address |
| // pointed to by the second word. |
| void |
| _Jv_RegisterNewClasses (char **classes) |
| { |
| _Jv_InitGC (); |
| |
| const char *initializer; |
| |
| while ((initializer = *classes++)) |
| { |
| jclass *class_ptr = (jclass *)*classes++; |
| *class_ptr = _Jv_NewClassFromInitializer (initializer); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| void |
| _Jv_RegisterClassHookDefault (jclass klass) |
| { |
| // This is bogus, but there doesn't seem to be a better place to do |
| // it. |
| if (! klass->engine) |
| klass->engine = &_Jv_soleCompiledEngine; |
| |
| /* FIXME: Way back before the dawn of time, we overloaded the |
| SYNTHETIC class access modifier to mean INTERPRETED. This was a |
| Bad Thing, but it didn't matter then because classes were never |
| marked synthetic. However, it is possible to redeem the |
| situation: _Jv_RegisterClassHookDefault is only called from |
| compiled classes, so we clear the INTERPRETED flag. This is a |
| kludge! */ |
| klass->accflags &= ~java::lang::reflect::Modifier::INTERPRETED; |
| |
| if (system_class_list != SYSTEM_LOADER_INITIALIZED) |
| { |
| unsigned long abi = (unsigned long) klass->next_or_version; |
| if (! _Jv_ClassForBootstrapLoader (abi)) |
| { |
| klass->next_or_version = system_class_list; |
| system_class_list = klass; |
| return; |
| } |
| } |
| |
| jint hash = HASH_UTF (klass->name); |
| |
| // If the class is already registered, don't re-register it. |
| for (jclass check_class = loaded_classes[hash]; |
| check_class != NULL; |
| check_class = check_class->next_or_version) |
| { |
| if (check_class == klass) |
| { |
| // If you get this, it means you have the same class in two |
| // different libraries. |
| #define TEXT "Duplicate class registration: " |
| // We size-limit MESSAGE so that you can't trash the stack. |
| char message[200]; |
| strcpy (message, TEXT); |
| strncpy (message + sizeof (TEXT) - 1, klass->name->chars(), |
| sizeof (message) - sizeof (TEXT)); |
| message[sizeof (message) - 1] = '\0'; |
| if (! gcj::runtimeInitialized) |
| JvFail (message); |
| else |
| { |
| java::lang::String *str = JvNewStringLatin1 (message); |
| throw new java::lang::VirtualMachineError (str); |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| |
| klass->next_or_version = loaded_classes[hash]; |
| loaded_classes[hash] = klass; |
| } |
| |
| // A pointer to a function that actually registers a class. |
| // Normally _Jv_RegisterClassHookDefault, but could be some other function |
| // that registers the class in e.g. a ClassLoader-local table. |
| // Should synchronize on Class:class$ while setting/restore this variable. |
| |
| void (*_Jv_RegisterClassHook) (jclass cl) = _Jv_RegisterClassHookDefault; |
| |
| void |
| _Jv_RegisterClass (jclass klass) |
| { |
| jclass classes[2]; |
| classes[0] = klass; |
| classes[1] = NULL; |
| _Jv_RegisterClasses (classes); |
| } |
| |
| // This is used during initialization to register all compiled-in |
| // classes that are not part of the core with the system class loader. |
| void |
| _Jv_CopyClassesToSystemLoader (gnu::gcj::runtime::SystemClassLoader *loader) |
| { |
| for (jclass klass = system_class_list; |
| klass; |
| klass = klass->next_or_version) |
| { |
| klass->loader = loader; |
| loader->addClass(klass); |
| } |
| system_class_list = SYSTEM_LOADER_INITIALIZED; |
| } |
| |
| // An internal variant of _Jv_FindClass which simply swallows a |
| // NoClassDefFoundError or a ClassNotFoundException. This gives the |
| // caller a chance to evaluate the situation and behave accordingly. |
| jclass |
| _Jv_FindClassNoException (_Jv_Utf8Const *name, java::lang::ClassLoader *loader) |
| { |
| jclass klass; |
| |
| try |
| { |
| klass = _Jv_FindClass(name, loader); |
| } |
| catch ( java::lang::NoClassDefFoundError *ncdfe ) |
| { |
| return NULL; |
| } |
| catch ( java::lang::ClassNotFoundException *cnfe ) |
| { |
| return NULL; |
| } |
| |
| return klass; |
| } |
| |
| jclass |
| _Jv_FindClass (_Jv_Utf8Const *name, java::lang::ClassLoader *loader) |
| { |
| // See if the class was already loaded by this loader. This handles |
| // initiating loader checks, as we register classes with their |
| // initiating loaders. |
| |
| java::lang::ClassLoader *boot = java::lang::VMClassLoader::bootLoader; |
| java::lang::ClassLoader *real = loader; |
| if (! real) |
| real = boot; |
| jstring sname = name->toString(); |
| // We might still be bootstrapping the VM, in which case there |
| // won't be a bootstrap class loader yet. |
| jclass klass = real ? real->findLoadedClass (sname) : NULL; |
| |
| if (! klass) |
| { |
| if (loader) |
| { |
| // Load using a user-defined loader, jvmspec 5.3.2. |
| // Note that we explicitly must call the single-argument form. |
| klass = loader->loadClass(sname); |
| |
| // If "loader" delegated the loadClass operation to another |
| // loader, explicitly register that it is also an initiating |
| // loader of the given class. |
| java::lang::ClassLoader *delegate = (loader == boot |
| ? NULL |
| : loader); |
| if (klass && klass->getClassLoaderInternal () != delegate) |
| _Jv_RegisterInitiatingLoader (klass, loader); |
| } |
| else if (boot) |
| { |
| // Load using the bootstrap loader jvmspec 5.3.1. |
| klass = java::lang::VMClassLoader::loadClass (sname, false); |
| |
| // Register that we're an initiating loader. |
| if (klass) |
| _Jv_RegisterInitiatingLoader (klass, 0); |
| } |
| else |
| { |
| // Not even a bootstrap loader, try the built-in cache. |
| klass = _Jv_FindClassInCache (name); |
| |
| if (klass) |
| { |
| bool found = false; |
| for (int i = 0; i < bootstrap_index; ++i) |
| { |
| if (bootstrap_class_list[i] == klass) |
| { |
| found = true; |
| break; |
| } |
| } |
| if (! found) |
| { |
| if (bootstrap_index == BOOTSTRAP_CLASS_LIST_SIZE) |
| abort (); |
| bootstrap_class_list[bootstrap_index++] = klass; |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| } |
| |
| return klass; |
| } |
| |
| void |
| _Jv_RegisterBootstrapPackages () |
| { |
| for (int i = 0; i < bootstrap_index; ++i) |
| java::lang::VMClassLoader::definePackageForNative(bootstrap_class_list[i]->getName()); |
| } |
| |
| jclass |
| _Jv_NewClass (_Jv_Utf8Const *name, jclass superclass, |
| java::lang::ClassLoader *loader) |
| { |
| jclass ret = (jclass) _Jv_AllocObject (&java::lang::Class::class$); |
| ret->name = name; |
| ret->superclass = superclass; |
| ret->loader = loader; |
| |
| _Jv_RegisterInitiatingLoader (ret, loader); |
| |
| return ret; |
| } |
| |
| static _Jv_IDispatchTable *array_idt = NULL; |
| static jshort array_depth = 0; |
| static jclass *array_ancestors = NULL; |
| |
| static jclass interfaces[] = |
| { |
| &java::lang::Cloneable::class$, |
| &java::io::Serializable::class$ |
| }; |
| |
| // Create a class representing an array of ELEMENT and store a pointer to it |
| // in element->arrayclass. LOADER is the ClassLoader which _initiated_ the |
| // instantiation of this array. ARRAY_VTABLE is the vtable to use for the new |
| // array class. This parameter is optional. |
| void |
| _Jv_NewArrayClass (jclass element, java::lang::ClassLoader *loader, |
| _Jv_VTable *array_vtable) |
| { |
| JvSynchronize sync (element); |
| |
| _Jv_Utf8Const *array_name; |
| int len; |
| |
| if (element->arrayclass) |
| return; |
| |
| if (element->isPrimitive()) |
| { |
| if (element == JvPrimClass (void)) |
| throw new java::lang::ClassNotFoundException (); |
| len = 3; |
| } |
| else |
| len = element->name->len() + 5; |
| |
| { |
| char signature[len]; |
| int index = 0; |
| signature[index++] = '['; |
| // Compute name of array class. |
| if (element->isPrimitive()) |
| { |
| signature[index++] = (char) element->method_count; |
| } |
| else |
| { |
| size_t length = element->name->len(); |
| const char *const name = element->name->chars(); |
| if (name[0] != '[') |
| signature[index++] = 'L'; |
| memcpy (&signature[index], name, length); |
| index += length; |
| if (name[0] != '[') |
| signature[index++] = ';'; |
| } |
| array_name = _Jv_makeUtf8Const (signature, index); |
| } |
| |
| // Create new array class. |
| jclass array_class = _Jv_NewClass (array_name, &java::lang::Object::class$, |
| element->loader); |
| |
| // Note that `vtable_method_count' doesn't include the initial |
| // gc_descr slot. |
| int dm_count = java::lang::Object::class$.vtable_method_count; |
| |
| // Create a new vtable by copying Object's vtable. |
| _Jv_VTable *vtable; |
| if (array_vtable) |
| vtable = array_vtable; |
| else |
| vtable = _Jv_VTable::new_vtable (dm_count); |
| vtable->clas = array_class; |
| vtable->gc_descr = java::lang::Object::class$.vtable->gc_descr; |
| for (int i = 0; i < dm_count; ++i) |
| vtable->set_method (i, java::lang::Object::class$.vtable->get_method (i)); |
| |
| array_class->vtable = vtable; |
| array_class->vtable_method_count |
| = java::lang::Object::class$.vtable_method_count; |
| |
| // Stash the pointer to the element type. |
| array_class->element_type = element; |
| |
| // Register our interfaces. |
| array_class->interfaces = interfaces; |
| array_class->interface_count = sizeof interfaces / sizeof interfaces[0]; |
| |
| // Since all array classes have the same interface dispatch table, we can |
| // cache one and reuse it. It is not necessary to synchronize this. |
| if (!array_idt) |
| { |
| _Jv_Linker::wait_for_state(array_class, JV_STATE_PREPARED); |
| array_idt = array_class->idt; |
| array_depth = array_class->depth; |
| array_ancestors = array_class->ancestors; |
| } |
| else |
| { |
| array_class->idt = array_idt; |
| array_class->depth = array_depth; |
| array_class->ancestors = array_ancestors; |
| } |
| |
| using namespace java::lang::reflect; |
| { |
| // Array classes are "abstract final" and inherit accessibility |
| // from element type, per vmspec 5.3.3.2 |
| _Jv_ushort accflags = (Modifier::FINAL | Modifier::ABSTRACT |
| | (element->accflags |
| & (Modifier::PUBLIC | Modifier::PROTECTED |
| | Modifier::PRIVATE))); |
| array_class->accflags = accflags; |
| } |
| |
| // An array class has no visible instance fields. "length" is invisible to |
| // reflection. |
| |
| // Say this class is initialized and ready to go! |
| array_class->state = JV_STATE_DONE; |
| |
| // vmspec, section 5.3.3 describes this |
| if (element->loader != loader) |
| _Jv_RegisterInitiatingLoader (array_class, loader); |
| |
| element->arrayclass = array_class; |
| } |
| |
| // These two functions form a stack of classes. When a class is loaded |
| // it is pushed onto the stack by the class loader; this is so that |
| // StackTrace can quickly determine which classes have been loaded. |
| |
| jclass |
| _Jv_PopClass (void) |
| { |
| JvSynchronize sync (&java::lang::Class::class$); |
| if (stack_head) |
| { |
| jclass tmp = stack_head; |
| stack_head = tmp->chain; |
| return tmp; |
| } |
| return NULL; |
| } |
| |
| void |
| _Jv_PushClass (jclass k) |
| { |
| JvSynchronize sync (&java::lang::Class::class$); |
| jclass tmp = stack_head; |
| stack_head = k; |
| k->chain = tmp; |
| } |