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/*
* Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Image Power, Inc. and the University of
* British Columbia.
* Copyright (c) 2001-2002 Michael David Adams.
* All rights reserved.
*/
/* __START_OF_JASPER_LICENSE__
*
* JasPer Software License
*
* IMAGE POWER JPEG-2000 PUBLIC LICENSE
* ************************************
*
* GRANT:
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person (the "User")
* obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation, to deal
* in the JasPer Software without restriction, including without limitation
* the right to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
* and/or sell copies of the JasPer Software (in source and binary forms),
* and to permit persons to whom the JasPer Software is furnished to do so,
* provided further that the License Conditions below are met.
*
* License Conditions
* ******************
*
* A. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* and this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer.
*
* B. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, and this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer in
* the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* C. Neither the name of Image Power, Inc. nor any other contributor
* (including, but not limited to, the University of British Columbia and
* Michael David Adams) may be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* D. User agrees that it shall not commence any action against Image Power,
* Inc., the University of British Columbia, Michael David Adams, or any
* other contributors (collectively "Licensors") for infringement of any
* intellectual property rights ("IPR") held by the User in respect of any
* technology that User owns or has a right to license or sublicense and
* which is an element required in order to claim compliance with ISO/IEC
* 15444-1 (i.e., JPEG-2000 Part 1). "IPR" means all intellectual property
* rights worldwide arising under statutory or common law, and whether
* or not perfected, including, without limitation, all (i) patents and
* patent applications owned or licensable by User; (ii) rights associated
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* mask work registrations; (iii) rights relating to the protection of
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* proprietary rights relating to intangible property (other than trademark,
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* renewals, reissues and extensions of the foregoing (as and to the extent
* applicable) now existing, hereafter filed, issued or acquired.
*
* E. If User commences an infringement action against any Licensor(s) then
* such Licensor(s) shall have the right to terminate User's license and
* all sublicenses that have been granted hereunder by User to other parties.
*
* F. This software is for use only in hardware or software products that
* are compliant with ISO/IEC 15444-1 (i.e., JPEG-2000 Part 1). No license
* or right to this Software is granted for products that do not comply
* with ISO/IEC 15444-1. The JPEG-2000 Part 1 standard can be purchased
* from the ISO.
*
* THIS DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY CONSTITUTES AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THIS LICENSE.
* NO USE OF THE JASPER SOFTWARE IS AUTHORIZED HEREUNDER EXCEPT UNDER
* THIS DISCLAIMER. THE JASPER SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE LICENSORS AND
* CONTRIBUTORS UNDER THIS LICENSE ON AN ``AS-IS'' BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTY
* OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
* WARRANTIES THAT THE JASPER SOFTWARE IS FREE OF DEFECTS, IS MERCHANTABLE,
* IS FIT FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR IS NON-INFRINGING. THOSE INTENDING
* TO USE THE JASPER SOFTWARE OR MODIFICATIONS THEREOF FOR USE IN HARDWARE
* OR SOFTWARE PRODUCTS ARE ADVISED THAT THEIR USE MAY INFRINGE EXISTING
* PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.
* THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE JASPER SOFTWARE
* IS WITH THE USER. SHOULD ANY PART OF THE JASPER SOFTWARE PROVE DEFECTIVE
* IN ANY RESPECT, THE USER (AND NOT THE INITIAL DEVELOPERS, THE UNIVERSITY
* OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, IMAGE POWER, INC., MICHAEL DAVID ADAMS, OR ANY
* OTHER CONTRIBUTOR) SHALL ASSUME THE COST OF ANY NECESSARY SERVICING,
* REPAIR OR CORRECTION. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES AND UNDER NO LEGAL THEORY,
* WHETHER TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE, SHALL THE
* INITIAL DEVELOPER, THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, IMAGE POWER, INC.,
* MICHAEL DAVID ADAMS, ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR, OR ANY DISTRIBUTOR OF THE
* JASPER SOFTWARE, OR ANY SUPPLIER OF ANY OF SUCH PARTIES, BE LIABLE TO
* THE USER OR ANY OTHER PERSON FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY CHARACTER INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
* DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF GOODWILL, WORK STOPPAGE, COMPUTER FAILURE OR
* MALFUNCTION, OR ANY AND ALL OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES, EVEN IF
* SUCH PARTY HAD BEEN INFORMED, OR OUGHT TO HAVE KNOWN, OF THE POSSIBILITY
* OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE JASPER SOFTWARE AND UNDERLYING TECHNOLOGY ARE NOT
* FAULT-TOLERANT AND ARE NOT DESIGNED, MANUFACTURED OR INTENDED FOR USE OR
* RESALE AS ON-LINE CONTROL EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS REQUIRING
* FAIL-SAFE PERFORMANCE, SUCH AS IN THE OPERATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES,
* AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION OR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL, DIRECT
* LIFE SUPPORT MACHINES, OR WEAPONS SYSTEMS, IN WHICH THE FAILURE OF THE
* JASPER SOFTWARE OR UNDERLYING TECHNOLOGY OR PRODUCT COULD LEAD DIRECTLY
* TO DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY, OR SEVERE PHYSICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
* ("HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES"). LICENSOR SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS
* OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES. USER WILL NOT
* KNOWINGLY USE, DISTRIBUTE OR RESELL THE JASPER SOFTWARE OR UNDERLYING
* TECHNOLOGY OR PRODUCTS FOR HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES AND WILL ENSURE THAT ITS
* CUSTOMERS AND END-USERS OF ITS PRODUCTS ARE PROVIDED WITH A COPY OF THE
* NOTICE SPECIFIED IN THIS SECTION.
*
* __END_OF_JASPER_LICENSE__
*/
/*
* JPEG-2000 Code Stream Library
*
* $Id$
*/
#ifndef JPC_CS_H
#define JPC_CS_H
/******************************************************************************\
* Includes.
\******************************************************************************/
#include "jasper/jas_image.h"
#include "jasper/jas_stream.h"
#include "jpc_cod.h"
/******************************************************************************\
* Constants and Types.
\******************************************************************************/
/* The maximum number of resolution levels. */
#define JPC_MAXRLVLS 33
/* The maximum number of bands. */
#define JPC_MAXBANDS (3 * JPC_MAXRLVLS + 1)
/* The maximum number of layers. */
#define JPC_MAXLYRS 16384
/**************************************\
* Code stream.
\**************************************/
/*
* Code stream states.
*/
/* Initial. */
#define JPC_CS_INIT 0
/* Main header. */
#define JPC_CS_MHDR 1
/* Tile-part header. */
#define JPC_CS_THDR 2
/* Main trailer. */
#define JPC_CS_MTLR 3
/* Tile-part data. */
#define JPC_CS_TDATA 4
/*
* Unfortunately, the code stream syntax was not designed in such a way that
* any given marker segment can be correctly decoded without additional state
* derived from previously decoded marker segments.
* For example, a RGN/COC/QCC marker segment cannot be decoded unless the
* number of components is known.
*/
/*
* Code stream state information.
*/
typedef struct {
/* The number of components. */
uint_fast16_t numcomps;
} jpc_cstate_t;
/**************************************\
* SOT marker segment parameters.
\**************************************/
typedef struct {
/* The tile number. */
uint_fast16_t tileno;
/* The combined length of the marker segment and its auxilary data
(i.e., packet data). */
uint_fast32_t len;
/* The tile-part instance. */
uint_fast8_t partno;
/* The number of tile-parts. */
uint_fast8_t numparts;
} jpc_sot_t;
/**************************************\
* SIZ marker segment parameters.
\**************************************/
/* Per component information. */
typedef struct {
/* The precision of the samples. */
uint_fast8_t prec;
/* The signedness of the samples. */
uint_fast8_t sgnd;
/* The horizontal separation of samples with respect to the reference
grid. */
uint_fast8_t hsamp;
/* The vertical separation of samples with respect to the reference
grid. */
uint_fast8_t vsamp;
} jpc_sizcomp_t;
/* SIZ marker segment parameters. */
typedef struct {
/* The code stream capabilities. */
uint_fast16_t caps;
/* The width of the image in units of the reference grid. */
uint_fast32_t width;
/* The height of the image in units of the reference grid. */
uint_fast32_t height;
/* The horizontal offset from the origin of the reference grid to the
left side of the image area. */
uint_fast32_t xoff;
/* The vertical offset from the origin of the reference grid to the
top side of the image area. */
uint_fast32_t yoff;
/* The nominal width of a tile in units of the reference grid. */
uint_fast32_t tilewidth;
/* The nominal height of a tile in units of the reference grid. */
uint_fast32_t tileheight;
/* The horizontal offset from the origin of the reference grid to the
left side of the first tile. */
uint_fast32_t tilexoff;
/* The vertical offset from the origin of the reference grid to the
top side of the first tile. */
uint_fast32_t tileyoff;
/* The number of components. */
uint_fast16_t numcomps;
/* The per-component information. */
jpc_sizcomp_t *comps;
} jpc_siz_t;
/**************************************\
* COD marker segment parameters.
\**************************************/
/*
* Coding style constants.
*/
/* Precincts may be used. */
#define JPC_COX_PRT 0x01
/* SOP marker segments may be used. */
#define JPC_COD_SOP 0x02
/* EPH marker segments may be used. */
#define JPC_COD_EPH 0x04
/*
* Progression order constants.
*/
/* Layer-resolution-component-precinct progressive
(i.e., progressive by fidelity). */
#define JPC_COD_LRCPPRG 0
/* Resolution-layer-component-precinct progressive
(i.e., progressive by resolution). */
#define JPC_COD_RLCPPRG 1
/* Resolution-precinct-component-layer progressive. */
#define JPC_COD_RPCLPRG 2
/* Precinct-component-resolution-layer progressive. */
#define JPC_COD_PCRLPRG 3
/* Component-position-resolution-layer progressive. */
#define JPC_COD_CPRLPRG 4
/*
* Code block style constants.
*/
#define JPC_COX_LAZY 0x01 /* Selective arithmetic coding bypass. */
#define JPC_COX_RESET 0x02 /* Reset context probabilities. */
#define JPC_COX_TERMALL 0x04 /* Terminate all coding passes. */
#define JPC_COX_VSC 0x08 /* Vertical stripe causal context formation. */
#define JPC_COX_PTERM 0x10 /* Predictable termination. */
#define JPC_COX_SEGSYM 0x20 /* Use segmentation symbols. */
/* Transform constants. */
#define JPC_COX_INS 0x00 /* Irreversible 9/7. */
#define JPC_COX_RFT 0x01 /* Reversible 5/3. */
/* Multicomponent transform constants. */
#define JPC_COD_NOMCT 0x00 /* No multicomponent transform. */
#define JPC_COD_MCT 0x01 /* Multicomponent transform. */
/* Get the code block size value from the code block size exponent. */
#define JPC_COX_CBLKSIZEEXPN(x) ((x) - 2)
/* Get the code block size exponent from the code block size value. */
#define JPC_COX_GETCBLKSIZEEXPN(x) ((x) + 2)
/* Per resolution-level information. */
typedef struct {
/* The packet partition width. */
uint_fast8_t parwidthval;
/* The packet partition height. */
uint_fast8_t parheightval;
} jpc_coxrlvl_t;
/* Per component information. */
typedef struct {
/* The coding style. */
uint_fast8_t csty;
/* The number of decomposition levels. */
uint_fast8_t numdlvls;
/* The nominal code block width specifier. */
uint_fast8_t cblkwidthval;
/* The nominal code block height specifier. */
uint_fast8_t cblkheightval;
/* The style of coding passes. */
uint_fast8_t cblksty;
/* The QMFB employed. */
uint_fast8_t qmfbid;
/* The number of resolution levels. */
int numrlvls;
/* The per-resolution-level information. */
jpc_coxrlvl_t rlvls[JPC_MAXRLVLS];
} jpc_coxcp_t;
/* COD marker segment parameters. */
typedef struct {
/* The general coding style. */
uint_fast8_t csty;
/* The progression order. */
uint_fast8_t prg;
/* The number of layers. */
uint_fast16_t numlyrs;
/* The multicomponent transform. */
uint_fast8_t mctrans;
/* Component-related parameters. */
jpc_coxcp_t compparms;
} jpc_cod_t;
/* COC marker segment parameters. */
typedef struct {
/* The component number. */
uint_fast16_t compno;
/* Component-related parameters. */
jpc_coxcp_t compparms;
} jpc_coc_t;
/**************************************\
* RGN marker segment parameters.
\**************************************/
/* The maxshift ROI style. */
#define JPC_RGN_MAXSHIFT 0x00
typedef struct {
/* The component to which the marker applies. */
uint_fast16_t compno;
/* The ROI style. */
uint_fast8_t roisty;
/* The ROI shift value. */
uint_fast8_t roishift;
} jpc_rgn_t;
/**************************************\
* QCD/QCC marker segment parameters.
\**************************************/
/*
* Quantization style constants.
*/
#define JPC_QCX_NOQNT 0 /* No quantization. */
#define JPC_QCX_SIQNT 1 /* Scalar quantization, implicit. */
#define JPC_QCX_SEQNT 2 /* Scalar quantization, explicit. */
/*
* Stepsize manipulation macros.
*/
#define JPC_QCX_GETEXPN(x) ((x) >> 11)
#define JPC_QCX_GETMANT(x) ((x) & 0x07ff)
#define JPC_QCX_EXPN(x) (assert(!((x) & (~0x1f))), (((x) & 0x1f) << 11))
#define JPC_QCX_MANT(x) (assert(!((x) & (~0x7ff))), ((x) & 0x7ff))
/* Per component information. */
typedef struct {
/* The quantization style. */
uint_fast8_t qntsty;
/* The number of step sizes. */
int numstepsizes;
/* The step sizes. */
uint_fast16_t *stepsizes;
/* The number of guard bits. */
uint_fast8_t numguard;
} jpc_qcxcp_t;
/* QCC marker segment parameters. */
typedef struct {
/* The component associated with this marker segment. */
uint_fast16_t compno;
/* The parameters. */
jpc_qcxcp_t compparms;
} jpc_qcc_t;
/* QCD marker segment parameters. */
typedef struct {
/* The parameters. */
jpc_qcxcp_t compparms;
} jpc_qcd_t;
/**************************************\
* POD marker segment parameters.
\**************************************/
typedef struct {
/* The progression order. */
uint_fast8_t prgord;
/* The lower bound (inclusive) on the resolution level for the
progression order volume. */
uint_fast8_t rlvlnostart;
/* The upper bound (exclusive) on the resolution level for the
progression order volume. */
uint_fast8_t rlvlnoend;
/* The lower bound (inclusive) on the component for the progression
order volume. */
uint_fast16_t compnostart;
/* The upper bound (exclusive) on the component for the progression
order volume. */
uint_fast16_t compnoend;
/* The upper bound (exclusive) on the layer for the progression
order volume. */
uint_fast16_t lyrnoend;
} jpc_pocpchg_t;
/* An alias for the above type. */
typedef jpc_pocpchg_t jpc_pchg_t;
/* POC marker segment parameters. */
typedef struct {
/* The number of progression order changes. */
int numpchgs;
/* The per-progression-order-change information. */
jpc_pocpchg_t *pchgs;
} jpc_poc_t;
/**************************************\
* PPM/PPT marker segment parameters.
\**************************************/
/* PPM marker segment parameters. */
typedef struct {
/* The index. */
uint_fast8_t ind;
/* The length. */
uint_fast16_t len;
/* The data. */
uchar *data;
} jpc_ppm_t;
/* PPT marker segment parameters. */
typedef struct {
/* The index. */
uint_fast8_t ind;
/* The length. */
uint_fast32_t len;
/* The data. */
unsigned char *data;
} jpc_ppt_t;
/**************************************\
* COM marker segment parameters.
\**************************************/
/*
* Registration IDs.
*/
#define JPC_COM_BIN 0x00
#define JPC_COM_LATIN 0x01
typedef struct {
/* The registration ID. */
uint_fast16_t regid;
/* The length of the data in bytes. */
uint_fast16_t len;
/* The data. */
uchar *data;
} jpc_com_t;
/**************************************\
* SOP marker segment parameters.
\**************************************/
typedef struct {
/* The sequence number. */
uint_fast16_t seqno;
} jpc_sop_t;
/**************************************\
* CRG marker segment parameters.
\**************************************/
/* Per component information. */
typedef struct {
/* The horizontal offset. */
uint_fast16_t hoff;
/* The vertical offset. */
uint_fast16_t voff;
} jpc_crgcomp_t;
typedef struct {
/* The number of components. */
int numcomps;
/* Per component information. */
jpc_crgcomp_t *comps;
} jpc_crg_t;
/**************************************\
* Marker segment parameters for unknown marker type.
\**************************************/
typedef struct {
/* The data. */
uchar *data;
/* The length. */
uint_fast16_t len;
} jpc_unk_t;
/**************************************\
* Generic marker segment parameters.
\**************************************/
typedef union {
int soc; /* unused */
jpc_sot_t sot;
int sod; /* unused */
int eoc; /* unused */
jpc_siz_t siz;
jpc_cod_t cod;
jpc_coc_t coc;
jpc_rgn_t rgn;
jpc_qcd_t qcd;
jpc_qcc_t qcc;
jpc_poc_t poc;
/* jpc_plm_t plm; */
/* jpc_plt_t plt; */
jpc_ppm_t ppm;
jpc_ppt_t ppt;
jpc_sop_t sop;
int eph; /* unused */
jpc_com_t com;
jpc_crg_t crg;
jpc_unk_t unk;
} jpc_msparms_t;
/**************************************\
* Marker segment.
\**************************************/
/* Marker segment IDs. */
/* The smallest valid marker value. */
#define JPC_MS_MIN 0xff00
/* The largest valid marker value. */
#define JPC_MS_MAX 0xffff
/* The minimum marker value that cannot occur within packet data. */
#define JPC_MS_INMIN 0xff80
/* The maximum marker value that cannot occur within packet data. */
#define JPC_MS_INMAX 0xffff
/* Delimiting marker segments. */
#define JPC_MS_SOC 0xff4f /* Start of code stream (SOC). */
#define JPC_MS_SOT 0xff90 /* Start of tile-part (SOT). */
#define JPC_MS_SOD 0xff93 /* Start of data (SOD). */
#define JPC_MS_EOC 0xffd9 /* End of code stream (EOC). */
/* Fixed information marker segments. */
#define JPC_MS_SIZ 0xff51 /* Image and tile size (SIZ). */
/* Functional marker segments. */
#define JPC_MS_COD 0xff52 /* Coding style default (COD). */
#define JPC_MS_COC 0xff53 /* Coding style component (COC). */
#define JPC_MS_RGN 0xff5e /* Region of interest (RGN). */
#define JPC_MS_QCD 0xff5c /* Quantization default (QCD). */
#define JPC_MS_QCC 0xff5d /* Quantization component (QCC). */
#define JPC_MS_POC 0xff5f /* Progression order default (POC). */
/* Pointer marker segments. */
#define JPC_MS_TLM 0xff55 /* Tile-part lengths, main header (TLM). */
#define JPC_MS_PLM 0xff57 /* Packet length, main header (PLM). */
#define JPC_MS_PLT 0xff58 /* Packet length, tile-part header (PLT). */
#define JPC_MS_PPM 0xff60 /* Packed packet headers, main header (PPM). */
#define JPC_MS_PPT 0xff61 /* Packet packet headers, tile-part header (PPT). */
/* In bit stream marker segments. */
#define JPC_MS_SOP 0xff91 /* Start of packet (SOP). */
#define JPC_MS_EPH 0xff92 /* End of packet header (EPH). */
/* Informational marker segments. */
#define JPC_MS_CRG 0xff63 /* Component registration (CRG). */
#define JPC_MS_COM 0xff64 /* Comment (COM). */
/* Forward declaration. */
struct jpc_msops_s;
/* Generic marker segment class. */
typedef struct {
/* The type of marker segment. */
uint_fast16_t id;
/* The length of the marker segment. */
uint_fast16_t len;
/* The starting offset within the stream. */
uint_fast32_t off;
/* The parameters of the marker segment. */
jpc_msparms_t parms;
/* The marker segment operations. */
struct jpc_msops_s *ops;
} jpc_ms_t;
/* Marker segment operations (which depend on the marker segment type). */
typedef struct jpc_msops_s {
/* Destroy the marker segment parameters. */
void (*destroyparms)(jpc_ms_t *ms);
/* Get the marker segment parameters from a stream. */
int (*getparms)(jpc_ms_t *ms, jpc_cstate_t *cstate, jas_stream_t *in);
/* Put the marker segment parameters to a stream. */
int (*putparms)(jpc_ms_t *ms, jpc_cstate_t *cstate, jas_stream_t *out);
/* Dump the marker segment parameters (for debugging). */
int (*dumpparms)(jpc_ms_t *ms, FILE *out);
} jpc_msops_t;
/******************************************************************************\
* Macros/Functions.
\******************************************************************************/
/* Create a code-stream state object. */
jpc_cstate_t *jpc_cstate_create(void);
/* Destroy a code-stream state object. */
void jpc_cstate_destroy(jpc_cstate_t *cstate);
/* Create a marker segment. */
jpc_ms_t *jpc_ms_create(int type);
/* Destroy a marker segment. */
void jpc_ms_destroy(jpc_ms_t *ms);
/* Does a marker segment have parameters? */
#define JPC_MS_HASPARMS(x) \
(!((x) == JPC_MS_SOC || (x) == JPC_MS_SOD || (x) == JPC_MS_EOC || \
(x) == JPC_MS_EPH || ((x) >= 0xff30 && (x) <= 0xff3f)))
/* Get the marker segment type. */
#define jpc_ms_gettype(ms) \
((ms)->id)
/* Read a marker segment from a stream. */
jpc_ms_t *jpc_getms(jas_stream_t *in, jpc_cstate_t *cstate);
/* Write a marker segment to a stream. */
int jpc_putms(jas_stream_t *out, jpc_cstate_t *cstate, jpc_ms_t *ms);
/* Copy code stream data from one stream to another. */
int jpc_getdata(jas_stream_t *in, jas_stream_t *out, long n);
/* Copy code stream data from one stream to another. */
int jpc_putdata(jas_stream_t *out, jas_stream_t *in, long n);
/* Dump a marker segment (for debugging). */
void jpc_ms_dump(jpc_ms_t *ms, FILE *out);
/* Read a 8-bit unsigned integer from a stream. */
int jpc_getuint8(jas_stream_t *in, uint_fast8_t *val);
/* Read a 16-bit unsigned integer from a stream. */
int jpc_getuint16(jas_stream_t *in, uint_fast16_t *val);
/* Read a 32-bit unsigned integer from a stream. */
int jpc_getuint32(jas_stream_t *in, uint_fast32_t *val);
/* Write a 8-bit unsigned integer to a stream. */
int jpc_putuint8(jas_stream_t *out, uint_fast8_t val);
/* Write a 16-bit unsigned integer to a stream. */
int jpc_putuint16(jas_stream_t *out, uint_fast16_t val);
/* Write a 32-bit unsigned integer to a stream. */
int jpc_putuint32(jas_stream_t *out, uint_fast32_t val);
#endif