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/*
* Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#include "KeyUtil.h"
#include <iomanip>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <linux/fscrypt.h>
#include <openssl/sha.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <android-base/file.h>
#include <android-base/logging.h>
#include <keyutils.h>
#include "KeyStorage.h"
#include "Utils.h"
namespace android {
namespace vold {
bool randomKey(KeyBuffer* key) {
*key = KeyBuffer(FSCRYPT_MAX_KEY_SIZE);
if (ReadRandomBytes(key->size(), key->data()) != 0) {
// TODO status_t plays badly with PLOG, fix it.
LOG(ERROR) << "Random read failed";
return false;
}
return true;
}
// Return true if the kernel supports the ioctls to add/remove fscrypt keys
// directly to/from the filesystem.
bool isFsKeyringSupported(void) {
static bool initialized = false;
static bool supported;
if (!initialized) {
android::base::unique_fd fd(open("/data", O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC));
// FS_IOC_ADD_ENCRYPTION_KEY with a NULL argument will fail with ENOTTY
// if the ioctl isn't supported. Otherwise it will fail with another
// error code such as EFAULT.
errno = 0;
(void)ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_ADD_ENCRYPTION_KEY, NULL);
if (errno == ENOTTY) {
LOG(INFO) << "Kernel doesn't support FS_IOC_ADD_ENCRYPTION_KEY. Falling back to "
"session keyring";
supported = false;
} else {
if (errno != EFAULT) {
PLOG(WARNING) << "Unexpected error from FS_IOC_ADD_ENCRYPTION_KEY";
}
LOG(DEBUG) << "Detected support for FS_IOC_ADD_ENCRYPTION_KEY";
supported = true;
}
// There's no need to check for FS_IOC_REMOVE_ENCRYPTION_KEY, since it's
// guaranteed to be available if FS_IOC_ADD_ENCRYPTION_KEY is. There's
// also no need to check for support on external volumes separately from
// /data, since either the kernel supports the ioctls on all
// fscrypt-capable filesystems or it doesn't.
initialized = true;
}
return supported;
}
// Get raw keyref - used to make keyname and to pass to ioctl
static std::string generateKeyRef(const uint8_t* key, int length) {
SHA512_CTX c;
SHA512_Init(&c);
SHA512_Update(&c, key, length);
unsigned char key_ref1[SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH];
SHA512_Final(key_ref1, &c);
SHA512_Init(&c);
SHA512_Update(&c, key_ref1, SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH);
unsigned char key_ref2[SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH];
SHA512_Final(key_ref2, &c);
static_assert(FSCRYPT_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE <= SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH,
"Hash too short for descriptor");
return std::string((char*)key_ref2, FSCRYPT_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE);
}
static bool fillKey(const KeyBuffer& key, fscrypt_key* fs_key) {
if (key.size() != FSCRYPT_MAX_KEY_SIZE) {
LOG(ERROR) << "Wrong size key " << key.size();
return false;
}
static_assert(FSCRYPT_MAX_KEY_SIZE == sizeof(fs_key->raw), "Mismatch of max key sizes");
fs_key->mode = 0; // unused by kernel
memcpy(fs_key->raw, key.data(), key.size());
fs_key->size = key.size();
return true;
}
static char const* const NAME_PREFIXES[] = {"ext4", "f2fs", "fscrypt", nullptr};
static std::string keyrefstring(const std::string& raw_ref) {
std::ostringstream o;
for (unsigned char i : raw_ref) {
o << std::hex << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << (int)i;
}
return o.str();
}
static std::string buildLegacyKeyName(const std::string& prefix, const std::string& raw_ref) {
return prefix + ":" + keyrefstring(raw_ref);
}
// Get the ID of the keyring we store all fscrypt keys in when the kernel is too
// old to support FS_IOC_ADD_ENCRYPTION_KEY and FS_IOC_REMOVE_ENCRYPTION_KEY.
static bool fscryptKeyring(key_serial_t* device_keyring) {
*device_keyring = keyctl_search(KEY_SPEC_SESSION_KEYRING, "keyring", "fscrypt", 0);
if (*device_keyring == -1) {
PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to find device keyring";
return false;
}
return true;
}
// Add an encryption key to the legacy global session keyring.
static bool installKeyLegacy(const KeyBuffer& key, const std::string& raw_ref) {
// Place fscrypt_key into automatically zeroing buffer.
KeyBuffer fsKeyBuffer(sizeof(fscrypt_key));
fscrypt_key& fs_key = *reinterpret_cast<fscrypt_key*>(fsKeyBuffer.data());
if (!fillKey(key, &fs_key)) return false;
key_serial_t device_keyring;
if (!fscryptKeyring(&device_keyring)) return false;
for (char const* const* name_prefix = NAME_PREFIXES; *name_prefix != nullptr; name_prefix++) {
auto ref = buildLegacyKeyName(*name_prefix, raw_ref);
key_serial_t key_id =
add_key("logon", ref.c_str(), (void*)&fs_key, sizeof(fs_key), device_keyring);
if (key_id == -1) {
PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to insert key into keyring " << device_keyring;
return false;
}
LOG(DEBUG) << "Added key " << key_id << " (" << ref << ") to keyring " << device_keyring
<< " in process " << getpid();
}
return true;
}
// Build a struct fscrypt_key_specifier for use in the key management ioctls.
static bool buildKeySpecifier(fscrypt_key_specifier* spec, const std::string& raw_ref,
int policy_version) {
switch (policy_version) {
case 1:
if (raw_ref.size() != FSCRYPT_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE) {
LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid key specifier size for v1 encryption policy: "
<< raw_ref.size();
return false;
}
spec->type = FSCRYPT_KEY_SPEC_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR;
memcpy(spec->u.descriptor, raw_ref.c_str(), FSCRYPT_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE);
return true;
case 2:
if (raw_ref.size() != FSCRYPT_KEY_IDENTIFIER_SIZE) {
LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid key specifier size for v2 encryption policy: "
<< raw_ref.size();
return false;
}
spec->type = FSCRYPT_KEY_SPEC_TYPE_IDENTIFIER;
memcpy(spec->u.identifier, raw_ref.c_str(), FSCRYPT_KEY_IDENTIFIER_SIZE);
return true;
default:
LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid encryption policy version: " << policy_version;
return false;
}
}
// Install a file-based encryption key to the kernel, for use by encrypted files
// on the specified filesystem using the specified encryption policy version.
//
// For v1 policies, we use FS_IOC_ADD_ENCRYPTION_KEY if the kernel supports it.
// Otherwise we add the key to the legacy global session keyring.
//
// For v2 policies, we always use FS_IOC_ADD_ENCRYPTION_KEY; it's the only way
// the kernel supports.
//
// Returns %true on success, %false on failure. On success also sets *raw_ref
// to the raw key reference for use in the encryption policy.
bool installKey(const KeyBuffer& key, const std::string& mountpoint, int policy_version,
std::string* raw_ref) {
// Put the fscrypt_add_key_arg in an automatically-zeroing buffer, since we
// have to copy the raw key into it.
KeyBuffer arg_buf(sizeof(struct fscrypt_add_key_arg) + key.size(), 0);
struct fscrypt_add_key_arg* arg = (struct fscrypt_add_key_arg*)arg_buf.data();
// Initialize the "key specifier", which is like a name for the key.
switch (policy_version) {
case 1:
// A key for a v1 policy is specified by an arbitrary 8-byte
// "descriptor", which must be provided by userspace. We use the
// first 8 bytes from the double SHA-512 of the key itself.
*raw_ref = generateKeyRef((const uint8_t*)key.data(), key.size());
if (!isFsKeyringSupported()) {
return installKeyLegacy(key, *raw_ref);
}
if (!buildKeySpecifier(&arg->key_spec, *raw_ref, policy_version)) {
return false;
}
break;
case 2:
// A key for a v2 policy is specified by an 16-byte "identifier",
// which is a cryptographic hash of the key itself which the kernel
// computes and returns. Any user-provided value is ignored; we
// just need to set the specifier type to indicate that we're adding
// this type of key.
arg->key_spec.type = FSCRYPT_KEY_SPEC_TYPE_IDENTIFIER;
break;
default:
LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid encryption policy version: " << policy_version;
return false;
}
// Provide the raw key.
arg->raw_size = key.size();
memcpy(arg->raw, key.data(), key.size());
android::base::unique_fd fd(open(mountpoint.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC));
if (fd == -1) {
PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open " << mountpoint << " to install key";
return false;
}
if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_ADD_ENCRYPTION_KEY, arg) != 0) {
PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to install fscrypt key to " << mountpoint;
return false;
}
if (arg->key_spec.type == FSCRYPT_KEY_SPEC_TYPE_IDENTIFIER) {
// Retrieve the key identifier that the kernel computed.
*raw_ref = std::string((char*)arg->key_spec.u.identifier, FSCRYPT_KEY_IDENTIFIER_SIZE);
}
LOG(DEBUG) << "Installed fscrypt key with ref " << keyrefstring(*raw_ref) << " to "
<< mountpoint;
return true;
}
// Remove an encryption key from the legacy global session keyring.
static bool evictKeyLegacy(const std::string& raw_ref) {
key_serial_t device_keyring;
if (!fscryptKeyring(&device_keyring)) return false;
bool success = true;
for (char const* const* name_prefix = NAME_PREFIXES; *name_prefix != nullptr; name_prefix++) {
auto ref = buildLegacyKeyName(*name_prefix, raw_ref);
auto key_serial = keyctl_search(device_keyring, "logon", ref.c_str(), 0);
// Unlink the key from the keyring. Prefer unlinking to revoking or
// invalidating, since unlinking is actually no less secure currently, and
// it avoids bugs in certain kernel versions where the keyring key is
// referenced from places it shouldn't be.
if (keyctl_unlink(key_serial, device_keyring) != 0) {
PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to unlink key with serial " << key_serial << " ref " << ref;
success = false;
} else {
LOG(DEBUG) << "Unlinked key with serial " << key_serial << " ref " << ref;
}
}
return success;
}
// Evict a file-based encryption key from the kernel.
//
// We use FS_IOC_REMOVE_ENCRYPTION_KEY if the kernel supports it. Otherwise we
// remove the key from the legacy global session keyring.
//
// In the latter case, the caller is responsible for dropping caches.
bool evictKey(const std::string& mountpoint, const std::string& raw_ref, int policy_version) {
if (policy_version == 1 && !isFsKeyringSupported()) {
return evictKeyLegacy(raw_ref);
}
android::base::unique_fd fd(open(mountpoint.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC));
if (fd == -1) {
PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open " << mountpoint << " to evict key";
return false;
}
struct fscrypt_remove_key_arg arg;
memset(&arg, 0, sizeof(arg));
if (!buildKeySpecifier(&arg.key_spec, raw_ref, policy_version)) {
return false;
}
std::string ref = keyrefstring(raw_ref);
if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_REMOVE_ENCRYPTION_KEY, &arg) != 0) {
PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to evict fscrypt key with ref " << ref << " from " << mountpoint;
return false;
}
LOG(DEBUG) << "Evicted fscrypt key with ref " << ref << " from " << mountpoint;
if (arg.removal_status_flags & FSCRYPT_KEY_REMOVAL_STATUS_FLAG_OTHER_USERS) {
// Should never happen because keys are only added/removed as root.
LOG(ERROR) << "Unexpected case: key with ref " << ref << " is still added by other users!";
} else if (arg.removal_status_flags & FSCRYPT_KEY_REMOVAL_STATUS_FLAG_FILES_BUSY) {
LOG(ERROR) << "Files still open after removing key with ref " << ref
<< ". These files were not locked!";
}
return true;
}
bool retrieveAndInstallKey(bool create_if_absent, const KeyAuthentication& key_authentication,
const std::string& key_path, const std::string& tmp_path,
const std::string& volume_uuid, int policy_version,
std::string* key_ref) {
KeyBuffer key;
if (pathExists(key_path)) {
LOG(DEBUG) << "Key exists, using: " << key_path;
if (!retrieveKey(key_path, key_authentication, &key)) return false;
} else {
if (!create_if_absent) {
LOG(ERROR) << "No key found in " << key_path;
return false;
}
LOG(INFO) << "Creating new key in " << key_path;
if (!randomKey(&key)) return false;
if (!storeKeyAtomically(key_path, tmp_path, key_authentication, key)) return false;
}
if (!installKey(key, BuildDataPath(volume_uuid), policy_version, key_ref)) {
LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to install key in " << key_path;
return false;
}
return true;
}
bool retrieveKey(bool create_if_absent, const std::string& key_path, const std::string& tmp_path,
KeyBuffer* key, bool keepOld) {
if (pathExists(key_path)) {
LOG(DEBUG) << "Key exists, using: " << key_path;
if (!retrieveKey(key_path, kEmptyAuthentication, key, keepOld)) return false;
} else {
if (!create_if_absent) {
LOG(ERROR) << "No key found in " << key_path;
return false;
}
LOG(INFO) << "Creating new key in " << key_path;
if (!randomKey(key)) return false;
if (!storeKeyAtomically(key_path, tmp_path, kEmptyAuthentication, *key)) return false;
}
return true;
}
} // namespace vold
} // namespace android