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/*
* Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package android.net;
import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL;
import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND;
import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED;
import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING;
import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED;
import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED;
import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY;
import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED;
import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED;
import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED;
import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_TEST;
import android.annotation.NonNull;
import android.annotation.Nullable;
import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.annotation.SystemApi;
import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability;
import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Transport;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;
import android.os.Process;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Range;
import android.util.proto.ProtoOutputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* Defines a request for a network, made through {@link NetworkRequest.Builder} and used
* to request a network via {@link ConnectivityManager#requestNetwork} or listen for changes
* via {@link ConnectivityManager#registerNetworkCallback}.
*/
public class NetworkRequest implements Parcelable {
/**
* The first requestId value that will be allocated.
* @hide only used by ConnectivityService.
*/
public static final int FIRST_REQUEST_ID = 1;
/**
* The requestId value that represents the absence of a request.
* @hide only used by ConnectivityService.
*/
public static final int REQUEST_ID_NONE = -1;
/**
* The {@link NetworkCapabilities} that define this request.
* @hide
*/
@UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
public final @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities;
/**
* Identifies the request. NetworkRequests should only be constructed by
* the Framework and given out to applications as tokens to be used to identify
* the request.
* @hide
*/
@UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
public final int requestId;
/**
* Set for legacy requests and the default. Set to TYPE_NONE for none.
* Causes CONNECTIVITY_ACTION broadcasts to be sent.
* @hide
*/
@UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 115609023)
public final int legacyType;
/**
* A NetworkRequest as used by the system can be one of the following types:
*
* - LISTEN, for which the framework will issue callbacks about any
* and all networks that match the specified NetworkCapabilities,
*
* - REQUEST, capable of causing a specific network to be created
* first (e.g. a telephony DUN request), the framework will issue
* callbacks about the single, highest scoring current network
* (if any) that matches the specified NetworkCapabilities, or
*
* - TRACK_DEFAULT, which causes the framework to issue callbacks for
* the single, highest scoring current network (if any) that will
* be chosen for an app, but which cannot cause the framework to
* either create or retain the existence of any specific network.
*
* - TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT, which causes the framework to send callbacks
* for the network (if any) that satisfies the default Internet
* request.
*
* - TRACK_BEST, which causes the framework to send callbacks about
* the single, highest scoring current network (if any) that matches
* the specified NetworkCapabilities.
*
* - BACKGROUND_REQUEST, like REQUEST but does not cause any networks
* to retain the NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND capability. A network with
* no foreground requests is in the background. A network that has
* one or more background requests and loses its last foreground
* request to a higher-scoring network will not go into the
* background immediately, but will linger and go into the background
* after the linger timeout.
*
* - The value NONE is used only by applications. When an application
* creates a NetworkRequest, it does not have a type; the type is set
* by the system depending on the method used to file the request
* (requestNetwork, registerNetworkCallback, etc.).
*
* @hide
*/
public static enum Type {
NONE,
LISTEN,
TRACK_DEFAULT,
REQUEST,
BACKGROUND_REQUEST,
TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT,
LISTEN_FOR_BEST,
};
/**
* The type of the request. This is only used by the system and is always NONE elsewhere.
*
* @hide
*/
public final Type type;
/**
* @hide
*/
public NetworkRequest(NetworkCapabilities nc, int legacyType, int rId, Type type) {
if (nc == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
requestId = rId;
networkCapabilities = nc;
this.legacyType = legacyType;
this.type = type;
}
/**
* @hide
*/
public NetworkRequest(NetworkRequest that) {
networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities(that.networkCapabilities);
requestId = that.requestId;
this.legacyType = that.legacyType;
this.type = that.type;
}
/**
* Builder used to create {@link NetworkRequest} objects. Specify the Network features
* needed in terms of {@link NetworkCapabilities} features
*/
public static class Builder {
/**
* Capabilities that are currently compatible with VCN networks.
*/
private static final List<Integer> VCN_SUPPORTED_CAPABILITIES = Arrays.asList(
NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL,
NET_CAPABILITY_DUN,
NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND,
NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET,
NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED,
NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED,
NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED,
NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING,
NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED,
NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN,
NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED,
NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED,
NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
private final NetworkCapabilities mNetworkCapabilities;
// A boolean that represents the user modified NOT_VCN_MANAGED capability.
private boolean mModifiedNotVcnManaged = false;
/**
* Default constructor for Builder.
*/
public Builder() {
// By default, restrict this request to networks available to this app.
// Apps can rescind this restriction, but ConnectivityService will enforce
// it for apps that do not have the NETWORK_SETTINGS permission.
mNetworkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities();
mNetworkCapabilities.setSingleUid(Process.myUid());
}
/**
* Creates a new Builder of NetworkRequest from an existing instance.
*/
public Builder(@NonNull final NetworkRequest request) {
Objects.requireNonNull(request);
mNetworkCapabilities = request.networkCapabilities;
}
/**
* Build {@link NetworkRequest} give the current set of capabilities.
*/
public NetworkRequest build() {
// Make a copy of mNetworkCapabilities so we don't inadvertently remove NOT_RESTRICTED
// when later an unrestricted capability could be added to mNetworkCapabilities, in
// which case NOT_RESTRICTED should be returned to mNetworkCapabilities, which
// maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted() doesn't add back.
final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities(mNetworkCapabilities);
nc.maybeMarkCapabilitiesRestricted();
deduceNotVcnManagedCapability(nc);
return new NetworkRequest(nc, ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE,
ConnectivityManager.REQUEST_ID_UNSET, Type.NONE);
}
/**
* Add the given capability requirement to this builder. These represent
* the requested network's required capabilities. Note that when searching
* for a network to satisfy a request, all capabilities requested must be
* satisfied.
*
* @param capability The capability to add.
* @return The builder to facilitate chaining
* {@code builder.addCapability(...).addCapability();}.
*/
public Builder addCapability(@NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability int capability) {
mNetworkCapabilities.addCapability(capability);
if (capability == NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED) {
mModifiedNotVcnManaged = true;
}
return this;
}
/**
* Removes (if found) the given capability from this builder instance.
*
* @param capability The capability to remove.
* @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
*/
public Builder removeCapability(@NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability int capability) {
mNetworkCapabilities.removeCapability(capability);
if (capability == NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED) {
mModifiedNotVcnManaged = true;
}
return this;
}
/**
* Set the {@code NetworkCapabilities} for this builder instance,
* overriding any capabilities that had been previously set.
*
* @param nc The superseding {@code NetworkCapabilities} instance.
* @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
* @hide
*/
public Builder setCapabilities(NetworkCapabilities nc) {
mNetworkCapabilities.set(nc);
return this;
}
/**
* Set the watched UIDs for this request. This will be reset and wiped out unless
* the calling app holds the CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission.
*
* @param uids The watched UIDs as a set of {@code Range<Integer>}, or null for everything.
* @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
* @hide
*/
@NonNull
@SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
@SuppressLint("MissingGetterMatchingBuilder")
public Builder setUids(@Nullable Set<Range<Integer>> uids) {
mNetworkCapabilities.setUids(uids);
return this;
}
/**
* Add a capability that must not exist in the requested network.
* <p>
* If the capability was previously added to the list of required capabilities (for
* example, it was there by default or added using {@link #addCapability(int)} method), then
* it will be removed from the list of required capabilities as well.
*
* @see #addCapability(int)
*
* @param capability The capability to add to unwanted capability list.
* @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
*
* @hide
*/
@NonNull
@SuppressLint("MissingGetterMatchingBuilder")
@SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
public Builder addUnwantedCapability(@NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability int capability) {
mNetworkCapabilities.addUnwantedCapability(capability);
return this;
}
/**
* Removes (if found) the given unwanted capability from this builder instance.
*
* @param capability The unwanted capability to remove.
* @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
*
* @hide
*/
@NonNull
@SuppressLint("BuilderSetStyle")
@SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
public Builder removeUnwantedCapability(@NetworkCapabilities.NetCapability int capability) {
mNetworkCapabilities.removeUnwantedCapability(capability);
return this;
}
/**
* Completely clears all the {@code NetworkCapabilities} from this builder instance,
* removing even the capabilities that are set by default when the object is constructed.
*
* @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
*/
@NonNull
public Builder clearCapabilities() {
mNetworkCapabilities.clearAll();
// If the caller explicitly clear all capabilities, the NOT_VCN_MANAGED capabilities
// should not be add back later.
mModifiedNotVcnManaged = true;
return this;
}
/**
* Adds the given transport requirement to this builder. These represent
* the set of allowed transports for the request. Only networks using one
* of these transports will satisfy the request. If no particular transports
* are required, none should be specified here.
*
* @param transportType The transport type to add.
* @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
*/
public Builder addTransportType(@NetworkCapabilities.Transport int transportType) {
mNetworkCapabilities.addTransportType(transportType);
return this;
}
/**
* Removes (if found) the given transport from this builder instance.
*
* @param transportType The transport type to remove.
* @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
*/
public Builder removeTransportType(@NetworkCapabilities.Transport int transportType) {
mNetworkCapabilities.removeTransportType(transportType);
return this;
}
/**
* @hide
*/
public Builder setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(int upKbps) {
mNetworkCapabilities.setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(upKbps);
return this;
}
/**
* @hide
*/
public Builder setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(int downKbps) {
mNetworkCapabilities.setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(downKbps);
return this;
}
/**
* Sets the optional bearer specific network specifier.
* This has no meaning if a single transport is also not specified, so calling
* this without a single transport set will generate an exception, as will
* subsequently adding or removing transports after this is set.
* </p>
* If the {@code networkSpecifier} is provided, it shall be interpreted as follows:
* <ul>
* <li>If the specifier can be parsed as an integer, it will be treated as a
* {@link android.net TelephonyNetworkSpecifier}, and the provided integer will be
* interpreted as a SubscriptionId.
* <li>If the value is an ethernet interface name, it will be treated as such.
* <li>For all other cases, the behavior is undefined.
* </ul>
*
* @param networkSpecifier A {@code String} of either a SubscriptionId in cellular
* network request or an ethernet interface name in ethernet
* network request.
*
* @deprecated Use {@link #setNetworkSpecifier(NetworkSpecifier)} instead.
*/
@Deprecated
public Builder setNetworkSpecifier(String networkSpecifier) {
try {
int subId = Integer.parseInt(networkSpecifier);
return setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
.setSubscriptionId(subId).build());
} catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
// An EthernetNetworkSpecifier or TestNetworkSpecifier does not accept null or empty
// ("") strings. When network specifiers were strings a null string and an empty
// string were considered equivalent. Hence no meaning is attached to a null or
// empty ("") string.
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(networkSpecifier)) {
return setNetworkSpecifier((NetworkSpecifier) null);
} else if (mNetworkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST)) {
return setNetworkSpecifier(new TestNetworkSpecifier(networkSpecifier));
} else {
return setNetworkSpecifier(new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(networkSpecifier));
}
}
}
/**
* Sets the optional bearer specific network specifier.
* This has no meaning if a single transport is also not specified, so calling
* this without a single transport set will generate an exception, as will
* subsequently adding or removing transports after this is set.
* </p>
*
* @param networkSpecifier A concrete, parcelable framework class that extends
* NetworkSpecifier.
*/
public Builder setNetworkSpecifier(NetworkSpecifier networkSpecifier) {
if (networkSpecifier instanceof MatchAllNetworkSpecifier) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("A MatchAllNetworkSpecifier is not permitted");
}
mNetworkCapabilities.setNetworkSpecifier(networkSpecifier);
return this;
}
/**
* Sets the signal strength. This is a signed integer, with higher values indicating a
* stronger signal. The exact units are bearer-dependent. For example, Wi-Fi uses the same
* RSSI units reported by WifiManager.
* <p>
* Note that when used to register a network callback, this specifies the minimum acceptable
* signal strength. When received as the state of an existing network it specifies the
* current value. A value of {@code SIGNAL_STRENGTH_UNSPECIFIED} means no value when
* received and has no effect when requesting a callback.
*
* <p>This method requires the caller to hold the
* {@link android.Manifest.permission#NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP} permission
*
* @param signalStrength the bearer-specific signal strength.
* @hide
*/
@SystemApi
@RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SIGNAL_STRENGTH_WAKEUP)
public @NonNull Builder setSignalStrength(int signalStrength) {
mNetworkCapabilities.setSignalStrength(signalStrength);
return this;
}
/**
* Deduce the NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED capability from other capabilities
* and user intention, which includes:
* 1. For the requests that don't have anything besides
* {@link #VCN_SUPPORTED_CAPABILITIES}, add the NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED to
* allow the callers automatically utilize VCN networks if available.
* 2. For the requests that explicitly add or remove NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED,
* do not alter them to allow user fire request that suits their need.
*
* @hide
*/
private void deduceNotVcnManagedCapability(final NetworkCapabilities nc) {
if (mModifiedNotVcnManaged) return;
for (final int cap : nc.getCapabilities()) {
if (!VCN_SUPPORTED_CAPABILITIES.contains(cap)) return;
}
nc.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
}
/**
* Sets the optional subscription ID set.
* <p>
* This specify the subscription IDs requirement.
* A network will satisfy this request only if it matches one of the subIds in this set.
* An empty set matches all networks, including those without a subId.
*
* @param subIds A {@code Set} that represents subscription IDs.
*/
@NonNull
public Builder setSubIds(@NonNull Set<Integer> subIds) {
mNetworkCapabilities.setSubIds(subIds);
return this;
}
}
// implement the Parcelable interface
public int describeContents() {
return 0;
}
public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
networkCapabilities.writeToParcel(dest, flags);
dest.writeInt(legacyType);
dest.writeInt(requestId);
dest.writeString(type.name());
}
public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<NetworkRequest> CREATOR =
new Creator<NetworkRequest>() {
public NetworkRequest createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
NetworkCapabilities nc = NetworkCapabilities.CREATOR.createFromParcel(in);
int legacyType = in.readInt();
int requestId = in.readInt();
Type type = Type.valueOf(in.readString()); // IllegalArgumentException if invalid.
NetworkRequest result = new NetworkRequest(nc, legacyType, requestId, type);
return result;
}
public NetworkRequest[] newArray(int size) {
return new NetworkRequest[size];
}
};
/**
* Returns true iff. this NetworkRequest is of type LISTEN.
*
* @hide
*/
public boolean isListen() {
return type == Type.LISTEN;
}
/**
* Returns true iff. this NetworkRequest is of type LISTEN_FOR_BEST.
*
* @hide
*/
public boolean isListenForBest() {
return type == Type.LISTEN_FOR_BEST;
}
/**
* Returns true iff. the contained NetworkRequest is one that:
*
* - should be associated with at most one satisfying network
* at a time;
*
* - should cause a network to be kept up, but not necessarily in
* the foreground, if it is the best network which can satisfy the
* NetworkRequest.
*
* For full detail of how isRequest() is used for pairing Networks with
* NetworkRequests read rematchNetworkAndRequests().
*
* @hide
*/
public boolean isRequest() {
return type == Type.REQUEST || type == Type.BACKGROUND_REQUEST;
}
/**
* Returns true iff. this NetworkRequest is of type BACKGROUND_REQUEST.
*
* @hide
*/
public boolean isBackgroundRequest() {
return type == Type.BACKGROUND_REQUEST;
}
/**
* @see Builder#addCapability(int)
*/
public boolean hasCapability(@NetCapability int capability) {
return networkCapabilities.hasCapability(capability);
}
/**
* @see Builder#addUnwantedCapability(int)
*
* @hide
*/
@SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
public boolean hasUnwantedCapability(@NetCapability int capability) {
return networkCapabilities.hasUnwantedCapability(capability);
}
/**
* Returns true if and only if the capabilities requested in this NetworkRequest are satisfied
* by the provided {@link NetworkCapabilities}.
*
* @param nc Capabilities that should satisfy this NetworkRequest. null capabilities do not
* satisfy any request.
*/
public boolean canBeSatisfiedBy(@Nullable NetworkCapabilities nc) {
return networkCapabilities.satisfiedByNetworkCapabilities(nc);
}
/**
* @see Builder#addTransportType(int)
*/
public boolean hasTransport(@Transport int transportType) {
return networkCapabilities.hasTransport(transportType);
}
/**
* @see Builder#setNetworkSpecifier(NetworkSpecifier)
*/
@Nullable
public NetworkSpecifier getNetworkSpecifier() {
return networkCapabilities.getNetworkSpecifier();
}
/**
* @return the uid of the app making the request.
*
* Note: This could return {@link Process#INVALID_UID} if the {@link NetworkRequest} object was
* not obtained from {@link ConnectivityManager}.
* @hide
*/
@SystemApi
public int getRequestorUid() {
return networkCapabilities.getRequestorUid();
}
/**
* @return the package name of the app making the request.
*
* Note: This could return {@code null} if the {@link NetworkRequest} object was not obtained
* from {@link ConnectivityManager}.
* @hide
*/
@SystemApi
@Nullable
public String getRequestorPackageName() {
return networkCapabilities.getRequestorPackageName();
}
public String toString() {
return "NetworkRequest [ " + type + " id=" + requestId +
(legacyType != ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE ? ", legacyType=" + legacyType : "") +
", " + networkCapabilities.toString() + " ]";
}
private int typeToProtoEnum(Type t) {
switch (t) {
case NONE:
return NetworkRequestProto.TYPE_NONE;
case LISTEN:
return NetworkRequestProto.TYPE_LISTEN;
case TRACK_DEFAULT:
return NetworkRequestProto.TYPE_TRACK_DEFAULT;
case REQUEST:
return NetworkRequestProto.TYPE_REQUEST;
case BACKGROUND_REQUEST:
return NetworkRequestProto.TYPE_BACKGROUND_REQUEST;
case TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT:
return NetworkRequestProto.TYPE_TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT;
default:
return NetworkRequestProto.TYPE_UNKNOWN;
}
}
/** @hide */
public void dumpDebug(ProtoOutputStream proto, long fieldId) {
final long token = proto.start(fieldId);
proto.write(NetworkRequestProto.TYPE, typeToProtoEnum(type));
proto.write(NetworkRequestProto.REQUEST_ID, requestId);
proto.write(NetworkRequestProto.LEGACY_TYPE, legacyType);
networkCapabilities.dumpDebug(proto, NetworkRequestProto.NETWORK_CAPABILITIES);
proto.end(token);
}
public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
if (obj instanceof NetworkRequest == false) return false;
NetworkRequest that = (NetworkRequest)obj;
return (that.legacyType == this.legacyType &&
that.requestId == this.requestId &&
that.type == this.type &&
Objects.equals(that.networkCapabilities, this.networkCapabilities));
}
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(requestId, legacyType, networkCapabilities, type);
}
/**
* Gets all the capabilities set on this {@code NetworkRequest} instance.
*
* @return an array of capability values for this instance.
*/
@NonNull
public @NetCapability int[] getCapabilities() {
// No need to make a defensive copy here as NC#getCapabilities() already returns
// a new array.
return networkCapabilities.getCapabilities();
}
/**
* Gets all the unwanted capabilities set on this {@code NetworkRequest} instance.
*
* @return an array of unwanted capability values for this instance.
*
* @hide
*/
@NonNull
@SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
public @NetCapability int[] getUnwantedCapabilities() {
// No need to make a defensive copy here as NC#getUnwantedCapabilities() already returns
// a new array.
return networkCapabilities.getUnwantedCapabilities();
}
/**
* Gets all the transports set on this {@code NetworkRequest} instance.
*
* @return an array of transport type values for this instance.
*/
@NonNull
public @Transport int[] getTransportTypes() {
// No need to make a defensive copy here as NC#getTransportTypes() already returns
// a new array.
return networkCapabilities.getTransportTypes();
}
}