jdk/src/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Executable.java - platform/libcore - Git at Google

 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  *
  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  * accompanied this code).
  *
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  *
  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  * questions.
  */

 package java.lang.reflect;

 import java.lang.annotation.*;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationParser;
 import sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationSupport;
 import sun.reflect.annotation.TypeAnnotationParser;
 import sun.reflect.annotation.TypeAnnotation;
 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository;

 /**
  * A shared superclass for the common functionality of {@link Method}
  * and {@link Constructor}.
  *
  * @since 1.8
  */
 public abstract class Executable extends AccessibleObject
     implements Member, GenericDeclaration {
     /*
      * Only grant package-visibility to the constructor.
      */
     Executable() {}

     /**
      * Accessor method to allow code sharing
      */
     abstract byte[] getAnnotationBytes();
     abstract byte[] getTypeAnnotationBytes();

     /**
      * Does the Executable have generic information.
      */
     abstract boolean hasGenericInformation();

     abstract ConstructorRepository getGenericInfo();

     boolean equalParamTypes(Class<?>[] params1, Class<?>[] params2) {
         /* Avoid unnecessary cloning */
         if (params1.length == params2.length) {
             for (int i = 0; i < params1.length; i++) {
                 if (params1[i] != params2[i])
                     return false;
             }
             return true;
         }
         return false;
     }

     Annotation[][] parseParameterAnnotations(byte[] parameterAnnotations) {
         return AnnotationParser.parseParameterAnnotations(
                parameterAnnotations,
                sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
                getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
                getDeclaringClass());
     }

     void separateWithCommas(Class<?>[] types, StringBuilder sb) {
         for (int j = 0; j < types.length; j++) {
             sb.append(types[j].getTypeName());
             if (j < (types.length - 1))
                 sb.append(",");
         }

     }

     void printModifiersIfNonzero(StringBuilder sb, int mask, boolean isDefault) {
         int mod = getModifiers() & mask;

         if (mod != 0 && !isDefault) {
             sb.append(Modifier.toString(mod)).append(' ');
         } else {
             int access_mod = mod & Modifier.ACCESS_MODIFIERS;
             if (access_mod != 0)
                 sb.append(Modifier.toString(access_mod)).append(' ');
             if (isDefault)
                 sb.append("default ");
             mod = (mod & ~Modifier.ACCESS_MODIFIERS);
             if (mod != 0)
                 sb.append(Modifier.toString(mod)).append(' ');
         }
     }

     String sharedToString(int modifierMask,
                           boolean isDefault,
                           Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
                           Class<?>[] exceptionTypes) {
         try {
             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

             printModifiersIfNonzero(sb, modifierMask, isDefault);
             specificToStringHeader(sb);

             sb.append('(');
             separateWithCommas(parameterTypes, sb);
             sb.append(')');
             if (exceptionTypes.length > 0) {
                 sb.append(" throws ");
                 separateWithCommas(exceptionTypes, sb);
             }
             return sb.toString();
         } catch (Exception e) {
             return "<" + e + ">";
         }
     }

     /**
      * Generate toString header information specific to a method or
      * constructor.
      */
     abstract void specificToStringHeader(StringBuilder sb);

     String sharedToGenericString(int modifierMask, boolean isDefault) {
         try {
             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

             printModifiersIfNonzero(sb, modifierMask, isDefault);

             TypeVariable<?>[] typeparms = getTypeParameters();
             if (typeparms.length > 0) {
                 boolean first = true;
                 sb.append('<');
                 for(TypeVariable<?> typeparm: typeparms) {
                     if (!first)
                         sb.append(',');
                     // Class objects can't occur here; no need to test
                     // and call Class.getName().
                     sb.append(typeparm.toString());
                     first = false;
                 }
                 sb.append("> ");
             }

             specificToGenericStringHeader(sb);

             sb.append('(');
             Type[] params = getGenericParameterTypes();
             for (int j = 0; j < params.length; j++) {
                 String param = params[j].getTypeName();
                 if (isVarArgs() && (j == params.length - 1)) // replace T[] with T...
                     param = param.replaceFirst("\\[\\]$", "...");
                 sb.append(param);
                 if (j < (params.length - 1))
                     sb.append(',');
             }
             sb.append(')');
             Type[] exceptions = getGenericExceptionTypes();
             if (exceptions.length > 0) {
                 sb.append(" throws ");
                 for (int k = 0; k < exceptions.length; k++) {
                     sb.append((exceptions[k] instanceof Class)?
                               ((Class)exceptions[k]).getName():
                               exceptions[k].toString());
                     if (k < (exceptions.length - 1))
                         sb.append(',');
                 }
             }
             return sb.toString();
         } catch (Exception e) {
             return "<" + e + ">";
         }
     }

     /**
      * Generate toGenericString header information specific to a
      * method or constructor.
      */
     abstract void specificToGenericStringHeader(StringBuilder sb);

     /**
      * Returns the {@code Class} object representing the class or interface
      * that declares the executable represented by this object.
      */
     public abstract Class<?> getDeclaringClass();

     /**
      * Returns the name of the executable represented by this object.
      */
     public abstract String getName();

     /**
      * Returns the Java language {@linkplain Modifier modifiers} for
      * the executable represented by this object.
      */
     public abstract int getModifiers();

     /**
      * Returns an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent the
      * type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this
      * {@code GenericDeclaration} object, in declaration order.  Returns an
      * array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type
      * variables.
      *
      * @return an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent
      *     the type variables declared by this generic declaration
      * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
      *     signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
      *     the format specified in
      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
      */
     public abstract TypeVariable<?>[] getTypeParameters();

     /**
      * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects that represent the formal
      * parameter types, in declaration order, of the executable
      * represented by this object.  Returns an array of length
      * 0 if the underlying executable takes no parameters.
      *
      * @return the parameter types for the executable this object
      * represents
      */
     public abstract Class<?>[] getParameterTypes();

     /**
      * Returns the number of formal parameters (including any
      * synthetic or synthesized parameters) for the executable
      * represented by this object.
      *
      * @return The number of formal parameters for the executable this
      * object represents
      */
     public int getParameterCount() {
         throw new AbstractMethodError();
     }

     /**
      * Returns an array of {@code Type} objects that represent the formal
      * parameter types, in declaration order, of the executable represented by
      * this object. Returns an array of length 0 if the
      * underlying executable takes no parameters.
      *
      * <p>If a formal parameter type is a parameterized type,
      * the {@code Type} object returned for it must accurately reflect
      * the actual type parameters used in the source code.
      *
      * <p>If a formal parameter type is a type variable or a parameterized
      * type, it is created. Otherwise, it is resolved.
      *
      * @return an array of {@code Type}s that represent the formal
      *     parameter types of the underlying executable, in declaration order
      * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError
      *     if the generic method signature does not conform to the format
      *     specified in
      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the parameter
      *     types of the underlying executable refers to a non-existent type
      *     declaration
      * @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException if any of
      *     the underlying executable's parameter types refer to a parameterized
      *     type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
      */
     public Type[] getGenericParameterTypes() {
         if (hasGenericInformation())
             return getGenericInfo().getParameterTypes();
         else
             return getParameterTypes();
     }

     /**
      * Returns an array of {@code Parameter} objects that represent
      * all the parameters to the underlying executable represented by
      * this object.  Returns an array of length 0 if the executable
      * has no parameters.
      *
      * The parameters of the underlying executable do not necessarily
      * have unique names, or names that are legal identifiers in the
      * Java programming language (JLS 3.8).
      *
      * @return an array of {@code Parameter} objects representing all
      * the parameters to the executable this object represents
      */
     public Parameter[] getParameters() {
         // TODO: This may eventually need to be guarded by security
         // mechanisms similar to those in Field, Method, etc.
         //
         // Need to copy the cached array to prevent users from messing
         // with it.  Since parameters are immutable, we can
         // shallow-copy.
         return privateGetParameters().clone();
     }

     private Parameter[] synthesizeAllParams() {
         final int realparams = getParameterCount();
         final Parameter[] out = new Parameter[realparams];
         for (int i = 0; i < realparams; i++)
             // TODO: is there a way to synthetically derive the
             // modifiers?  Probably not in the general case, since
             // we'd have no way of knowing about them, but there
             // may be specific cases.
             out[i] = new Parameter("arg" + i, 0, this, i);
         return out;
     }

     private Parameter[] privateGetParameters() {
         // Use tmp to avoid multiple writes to a volatile.
         Parameter[] tmp = parameters;

         if (tmp == null) {

             // Otherwise, go to the JVM to get them
             tmp = getParameters0();

             // If we get back nothing, then synthesize parameters
             if (tmp == null)
                 tmp = synthesizeAllParams();

             parameters = tmp;
         }

         return tmp;
     }

     private transient volatile Parameter[] parameters;

     private native Parameter[] getParameters0();

     /**
      * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects that represent the
      * types of exceptions declared to be thrown by the underlying
      * executable represented by this object.  Returns an array of
      * length 0 if the executable declares no exceptions in its {@code
      * throws} clause.
      *
      * @return the exception types declared as being thrown by the
      * executable this object represents
      */
     public abstract Class<?>[] getExceptionTypes();

     /**
      * Returns an array of {@code Type} objects that represent the
      * exceptions declared to be thrown by this executable object.
      * Returns an array of length 0 if the underlying executable declares
      * no exceptions in its {@code throws} clause.
      *
      * <p>If an exception type is a type variable or a parameterized
      * type, it is created. Otherwise, it is resolved.
      *
      * @return an array of Types that represent the exception types
      *     thrown by the underlying executable
      * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError
      *     if the generic method signature does not conform to the format
      *     specified in
      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if the underlying executable's
      *     {@code throws} clause refers to a non-existent type declaration
      * @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException if
      *     the underlying executable's {@code throws} clause refers to a
      *     parameterized type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
      */
     public Type[] getGenericExceptionTypes() {
         Type[] result;
         if (hasGenericInformation() &&
             ((result = getGenericInfo().getExceptionTypes()).length > 0))
             return result;
         else
             return getExceptionTypes();
     }

     /**
      * Returns a string describing this {@code Executable}, including
      * any type parameters.
      */
     public abstract String toGenericString();

     /**
      * Returns {@code true} if this executable was declared to take a
      * variable number of arguments; returns {@code false} otherwise.
      *
      * @return {@code true} if an only if this executable was declared
      * to take a variable number of arguments.
      */
     public boolean isVarArgs()  {
         return (getModifiers() & Modifier.VARARGS) != 0;
     }

     /**
      * Returns {@code true} if this executable is a synthetic
      * construct; returns {@code false} otherwise.
      *
      * @return true if and only if this executable is a synthetic
      * construct as defined by
      * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.
      * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
      */
     public boolean isSynthetic() {
         return Modifier.isSynthetic(getModifiers());
     }

     /**
      * Returns an array of arrays that represent the annotations on
      * the formal parameters, in declaration order, of the executable
      * represented by this object. (Returns an array of length zero if
      * the underlying executable is parameterless.  If the executable has
      * one or more parameters, a nested array of length zero is
      * returned for each parameter with no annotations.) The
      * annotation objects contained in the returned arrays are
      * serializable.  The caller of this method is free to modify the
      * returned arrays; it will have no effect on the arrays returned
      * to other callers.
      *
      * @return an array of arrays that represent the annotations on the formal
      *    parameters, in declaration order, of the executable represented by this
      *    object
      */
     public abstract Annotation[][] getParameterAnnotations();

     Annotation[][] sharedGetParameterAnnotations(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
                                                  byte[] parameterAnnotations) {
         int numParameters = parameterTypes.length;
         if (parameterAnnotations == null)
             return new Annotation[numParameters][0];

         Annotation[][] result = parseParameterAnnotations(parameterAnnotations);

         if (result.length != numParameters)
             handleParameterNumberMismatch(result.length, numParameters);
         return result;
     }

     abstract void handleParameterNumberMismatch(int resultLength, int numParameters);

     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      * @throws NullPointerException  {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public <T extends Annotation> T getAnnotation(Class<T> annotationClass) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
         return annotationClass.cast(declaredAnnotations().get(annotationClass));
     }

     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
      * @since 1.8
      */
     @Override
     public <T extends Annotation> T[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<T> annotationClass) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);

         return AnnotationSupport.getMultipleAnnotations(declaredAnnotations(), annotationClass);
     }

     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
         return AnnotationParser.toArray(declaredAnnotations());
     }

     private transient Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations;

     private synchronized  Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations() {
         if (declaredAnnotations == null) {
             declaredAnnotations = AnnotationParser.parseAnnotations(
                 getAnnotationBytes(),
                 sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
                 getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
                 getDeclaringClass());
         }
         return declaredAnnotations;
     }

     /**
      * Returns an AnnotatedType object that represents the potentially
      * annotated return type of the method/constructor represented by this
      * Executable.
      *
      * If this Executable represents a constructor, the AnnotatedType object
      * represents the type of the constructed object.
      *
      * If this Executable represents a method, the AnnotatedType object
      * represents the use of a type to specify the return type of the method.
      *
      * @since 1.8
      */
     public abstract AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReturnType();

     /* Helper for subclasses of Executable.
      *
      * Returns an AnnotatedType object that represents the use of a type to
      * specify the return type of the method/constructor represented by this
      * Executable.
      *
      * @since 1.8
      */
     AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReturnType0(Type returnType) {
         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedType(getTypeAnnotationBytes(),
                                                        sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
                                                            getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
                                                        this,
                                                        getDeclaringClass(),
                                                        returnType,
                                                        TypeAnnotation.TypeAnnotationTarget.METHOD_RETURN_TYPE);
     }

     /**
      * Returns an AnnotatedType object that represents the use of a type to
      * specify the receiver type of the method/constructor represented by this
      * Executable. The receiver type of a method/constructor is available only
      * if the method/constructor declares a formal parameter called 'this'.
      *
      * Returns null if this Executable represents a constructor or instance
      * method that either declares no formal parameter called 'this', or
      * declares a formal parameter called 'this' with no annotations on its
      * type.
      *
      * Returns null if this Executable represents a static method.
      *
      * @since 1.8
      */
     public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReceiverType() {
         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedType(getTypeAnnotationBytes(),
                                                        sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
                                                            getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
                                                        this,
                                                        getDeclaringClass(),
                                                        getDeclaringClass(),
                                                        TypeAnnotation.TypeAnnotationTarget.METHOD_RECEIVER_TYPE);
     }

     /**
      * Returns an array of AnnotatedType objects that represent the use of
      * types to specify formal parameter types of the method/constructor
      * represented by this Executable. The order of the objects in the array
      * corresponds to the order of the formal parameter types in the
      * declaration of the method/constructor.
      *
      * Returns an array of length 0 if the method/constructor declares no
      * parameters.
      *
      * @since 1.8
      */
     public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedParameterTypes() {
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet");
     }

     /**
      * Returns an array of AnnotatedType objects that represent the use of
      * types to specify the declared exceptions of the method/constructor
      * represented by this Executable. The order of the objects in the array
      * corresponds to the order of the exception types in the declaration of
      * the method/constructor.
      *
      * Returns an array of length 0 if the method/constructor declares no
      * exceptions.
      *
      * @since 1.8
      */
     public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedExceptionTypes() {
         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedTypes(getTypeAnnotationBytes(),
                                                         sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
                                                             getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
                                                         this,
                                                         getDeclaringClass(),
                                                         getGenericExceptionTypes(),
                                                         TypeAnnotation.TypeAnnotationTarget.THROWS);
     }

 }
	/*
	* Copyright (c) 2012, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
	* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
	*
	* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
	* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
	* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
	* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
	* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
	*
	* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
	* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
	* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
	* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
	* accompanied this code).
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
	* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
	* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
	*
	* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
	* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
	* questions.
	*/

	package java.lang.reflect;

	import java.lang.annotation.*;
	import java.util.Map;
	import java.util.Objects;
	import sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationParser;
	import sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationSupport;
	import sun.reflect.annotation.TypeAnnotationParser;
	import sun.reflect.annotation.TypeAnnotation;
	import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository;

	/**
	* A shared superclass for the common functionality of {@link Method}
	* and {@link Constructor}.
	*
	* @since 1.8
	*/
	public abstract class Executable extends AccessibleObject
	implements Member, GenericDeclaration {
	/*
	* Only grant package-visibility to the constructor.
	*/
	Executable() {}

	/**
	* Accessor method to allow code sharing
	*/
	abstract byte[] getAnnotationBytes();
	abstract byte[] getTypeAnnotationBytes();

	/**
	* Does the Executable have generic information.
	*/
	abstract boolean hasGenericInformation();

	abstract ConstructorRepository getGenericInfo();

	boolean equalParamTypes(Class<?>[] params1, Class<?>[] params2) {
	/* Avoid unnecessary cloning */
	if (params1.length == params2.length) {
	for (int i = 0; i < params1.length; i++) {
	if (params1[i] != params2[i])
	return false;
	}
	return true;
	}
	return false;
	}

	Annotation[][] parseParameterAnnotations(byte[] parameterAnnotations) {
	return AnnotationParser.parseParameterAnnotations(
	parameterAnnotations,
	sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
	getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
	getDeclaringClass());
	}

	void separateWithCommas(Class<?>[] types, StringBuilder sb) {
	for (int j = 0; j < types.length; j++) {
	sb.append(types[j].getTypeName());
	if (j < (types.length - 1))
	sb.append(",");
	}

	}

	void printModifiersIfNonzero(StringBuilder sb, int mask, boolean isDefault) {
	int mod = getModifiers() & mask;

	if (mod != 0 && !isDefault) {
	sb.append(Modifier.toString(mod)).append(' ');
	} else {
	int access_mod = mod & Modifier.ACCESS_MODIFIERS;
	if (access_mod != 0)
	sb.append(Modifier.toString(access_mod)).append(' ');
	if (isDefault)
	sb.append("default ");
	mod = (mod & ~Modifier.ACCESS_MODIFIERS);
	if (mod != 0)
	sb.append(Modifier.toString(mod)).append(' ');
	}
	}

	String sharedToString(int modifierMask,
	boolean isDefault,
	Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
	Class<?>[] exceptionTypes) {
	try {
	StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

	printModifiersIfNonzero(sb, modifierMask, isDefault);
	specificToStringHeader(sb);

	sb.append('(');
	separateWithCommas(parameterTypes, sb);
	sb.append(')');
	if (exceptionTypes.length > 0) {
	sb.append(" throws ");
	separateWithCommas(exceptionTypes, sb);
	}
	return sb.toString();
	} catch (Exception e) {
	return "<" + e + ">";
	}
	}

	/**
	* Generate toString header information specific to a method or
	* constructor.
	*/
	abstract void specificToStringHeader(StringBuilder sb);

	String sharedToGenericString(int modifierMask, boolean isDefault) {
	try {
	StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

	printModifiersIfNonzero(sb, modifierMask, isDefault);

	TypeVariable<?>[] typeparms = getTypeParameters();
	if (typeparms.length > 0) {
	boolean first = true;
	sb.append('<');
	for(TypeVariable<?> typeparm: typeparms) {
	if (!first)
	sb.append(',');
	// Class objects can't occur here; no need to test
	// and call Class.getName().
	sb.append(typeparm.toString());
	first = false;
	}
	sb.append("> ");
	}

	specificToGenericStringHeader(sb);

	sb.append('(');
	Type[] params = getGenericParameterTypes();
	for (int j = 0; j < params.length; j++) {
	String param = params[j].getTypeName();
	if (isVarArgs() && (j == params.length - 1)) // replace T[] with T...
	param = param.replaceFirst("\\[\\]$", "...");
	sb.append(param);
	if (j < (params.length - 1))
	sb.append(',');
	}
	sb.append(')');
	Type[] exceptions = getGenericExceptionTypes();
	if (exceptions.length > 0) {
	sb.append(" throws ");
	for (int k = 0; k < exceptions.length; k++) {
	sb.append((exceptions[k] instanceof Class)?
	((Class)exceptions[k]).getName():
	exceptions[k].toString());
	if (k < (exceptions.length - 1))
	sb.append(',');
	}
	}
	return sb.toString();
	} catch (Exception e) {
	return "<" + e + ">";
	}
	}

	/**
	* Generate toGenericString header information specific to a
	* method or constructor.
	*/
	abstract void specificToGenericStringHeader(StringBuilder sb);

	/**
	* Returns the {@code Class} object representing the class or interface
	* that declares the executable represented by this object.
	*/
	public abstract Class<?> getDeclaringClass();

	/**
	* Returns the name of the executable represented by this object.
	*/
	public abstract String getName();

	/**
	* Returns the Java language {@linkplain Modifier modifiers} for
	* the executable represented by this object.
	*/
	public abstract int getModifiers();

	/**
	* Returns an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent the
	* type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this
	* {@code GenericDeclaration} object, in declaration order. Returns an
	* array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type
	* variables.
	*
	* @return an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent
	* the type variables declared by this generic declaration
	* @throws GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
	* signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
	* the format specified in
	* <cite>The Java™ Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
	*/
	public abstract TypeVariable<?>[] getTypeParameters();

	/**
	* Returns an array of {@code Class} objects that represent the formal
	* parameter types, in declaration order, of the executable
	* represented by this object. Returns an array of length
	* 0 if the underlying executable takes no parameters.
	*
	* @return the parameter types for the executable this object
	* represents
	*/
	public abstract Class<?>[] getParameterTypes();

	/**
	* Returns the number of formal parameters (including any
	* synthetic or synthesized parameters) for the executable
	* represented by this object.
	*
	* @return The number of formal parameters for the executable this
	* object represents
	*/
	public int getParameterCount() {
	throw new AbstractMethodError();
	}

	/**
	* Returns an array of {@code Type} objects that represent the formal
	* parameter types, in declaration order, of the executable represented by
	* this object. Returns an array of length 0 if the
	* underlying executable takes no parameters.
	*
	* <p>If a formal parameter type is a parameterized type,
	* the {@code Type} object returned for it must accurately reflect
	* the actual type parameters used in the source code.
	*
	* <p>If a formal parameter type is a type variable or a parameterized
	* type, it is created. Otherwise, it is resolved.
	*
	* @return an array of {@code Type}s that represent the formal
	* parameter types of the underlying executable, in declaration order
	* @throws GenericSignatureFormatError
	* if the generic method signature does not conform to the format
	* specified in
	* <cite>The Java™ Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
	* @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the parameter
	* types of the underlying executable refers to a non-existent type
	* declaration
	* @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException if any of
	* the underlying executable's parameter types refer to a parameterized
	* type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
	*/
	public Type[] getGenericParameterTypes() {
	if (hasGenericInformation())
	return getGenericInfo().getParameterTypes();
	else
	return getParameterTypes();
	}

	/**
	* Returns an array of {@code Parameter} objects that represent
	* all the parameters to the underlying executable represented by
	* this object. Returns an array of length 0 if the executable
	* has no parameters.
	*
	* The parameters of the underlying executable do not necessarily
	* have unique names, or names that are legal identifiers in the
	* Java programming language (JLS 3.8).
	*
	* @return an array of {@code Parameter} objects representing all
	* the parameters to the executable this object represents
	*/
	public Parameter[] getParameters() {
	// TODO: This may eventually need to be guarded by security
	// mechanisms similar to those in Field, Method, etc.
	//
	// Need to copy the cached array to prevent users from messing
	// with it. Since parameters are immutable, we can
	// shallow-copy.
	return privateGetParameters().clone();
	}

	private Parameter[] synthesizeAllParams() {
	final int realparams = getParameterCount();
	final Parameter[] out = new Parameter[realparams];
	for (int i = 0; i < realparams; i++)
	// TODO: is there a way to synthetically derive the
	// modifiers? Probably not in the general case, since
	// we'd have no way of knowing about them, but there
	// may be specific cases.
	out[i] = new Parameter("arg" + i, 0, this, i);
	return out;
	}

	private Parameter[] privateGetParameters() {
	// Use tmp to avoid multiple writes to a volatile.
	Parameter[] tmp = parameters;

	if (tmp == null) {

	// Otherwise, go to the JVM to get them
	tmp = getParameters0();

	// If we get back nothing, then synthesize parameters
	if (tmp == null)
	tmp = synthesizeAllParams();

	parameters = tmp;
	}

	return tmp;
	}

	private transient volatile Parameter[] parameters;

	private native Parameter[] getParameters0();

	/**
	* Returns an array of {@code Class} objects that represent the
	* types of exceptions declared to be thrown by the underlying
	* executable represented by this object. Returns an array of
	* length 0 if the executable declares no exceptions in its {@code
	* throws} clause.
	*
	* @return the exception types declared as being thrown by the
	* executable this object represents
	*/
	public abstract Class<?>[] getExceptionTypes();

	/**
	* Returns an array of {@code Type} objects that represent the
	* exceptions declared to be thrown by this executable object.
	* Returns an array of length 0 if the underlying executable declares
	* no exceptions in its {@code throws} clause.
	*
	* <p>If an exception type is a type variable or a parameterized
	* type, it is created. Otherwise, it is resolved.
	*
	* @return an array of Types that represent the exception types
	* thrown by the underlying executable
	* @throws GenericSignatureFormatError
	* if the generic method signature does not conform to the format
	* specified in
	* <cite>The Java™ Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
	* @throws TypeNotPresentException if the underlying executable's
	* {@code throws} clause refers to a non-existent type declaration
	* @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException if
	* the underlying executable's {@code throws} clause refers to a
	* parameterized type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
	*/
	public Type[] getGenericExceptionTypes() {
	Type[] result;
	if (hasGenericInformation() &&
	((result = getGenericInfo().getExceptionTypes()).length > 0))
	return result;
	else
	return getExceptionTypes();
	}

	/**
	* Returns a string describing this {@code Executable}, including
	* any type parameters.
	*/
	public abstract String toGenericString();

	/**
	* Returns {@code true} if this executable was declared to take a
	* variable number of arguments; returns {@code false} otherwise.
	*
	* @return {@code true} if an only if this executable was declared
	* to take a variable number of arguments.
	*/
	public boolean isVarArgs() {
	return (getModifiers() & Modifier.VARARGS) != 0;
	}

	/**
	* Returns {@code true} if this executable is a synthetic
	* construct; returns {@code false} otherwise.
	*
	* @return true if and only if this executable is a synthetic
	* construct as defined by
	* <cite>The Java™ Language Specification</cite>.
	* @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
	*/
	public boolean isSynthetic() {
	return Modifier.isSynthetic(getModifiers());
	}

	/**
	* Returns an array of arrays that represent the annotations on
	* the formal parameters, in declaration order, of the executable
	* represented by this object. (Returns an array of length zero if
	* the underlying executable is parameterless. If the executable has
	* one or more parameters, a nested array of length zero is
	* returned for each parameter with no annotations.) The
	* annotation objects contained in the returned arrays are
	* serializable. The caller of this method is free to modify the
	* returned arrays; it will have no effect on the arrays returned
	* to other callers.
	*
	* @return an array of arrays that represent the annotations on the formal
	* parameters, in declaration order, of the executable represented by this
	* object
	*/
	public abstract Annotation[][] getParameterAnnotations();

	Annotation[][] sharedGetParameterAnnotations(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
	byte[] parameterAnnotations) {
	int numParameters = parameterTypes.length;
	if (parameterAnnotations == null)
	return new Annotation[numParameters][0];

	Annotation[][] result = parseParameterAnnotations(parameterAnnotations);

	if (result.length != numParameters)
	handleParameterNumberMismatch(result.length, numParameters);
	return result;
	}

	abstract void handleParameterNumberMismatch(int resultLength, int numParameters);

	/**
	* {@inheritDoc}
	* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
	*/
	public <T extends Annotation> T getAnnotation(Class<T> annotationClass) {
	Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
	return annotationClass.cast(declaredAnnotations().get(annotationClass));
	}

	/**
	* {@inheritDoc}
	* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
	* @since 1.8
	*/
	@Override
	public <T extends Annotation> T[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<T> annotationClass) {
	Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);

	return AnnotationSupport.getMultipleAnnotations(declaredAnnotations(), annotationClass);
	}

	/**
	* {@inheritDoc}
	*/
	public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations() {
	return AnnotationParser.toArray(declaredAnnotations());
	}

	private transient Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations;

	private synchronized Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations() {
	if (declaredAnnotations == null) {
	declaredAnnotations = AnnotationParser.parseAnnotations(
	getAnnotationBytes(),
	sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
	getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
	getDeclaringClass());
	}
	return declaredAnnotations;
	}

	/**
	* Returns an AnnotatedType object that represents the potentially
	* annotated return type of the method/constructor represented by this
	* Executable.
	*
	* If this Executable represents a constructor, the AnnotatedType object
	* represents the type of the constructed object.
	*
	* If this Executable represents a method, the AnnotatedType object
	* represents the use of a type to specify the return type of the method.
	*
	* @since 1.8
	*/
	public abstract AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReturnType();

	/* Helper for subclasses of Executable.
	*
	* Returns an AnnotatedType object that represents the use of a type to
	* specify the return type of the method/constructor represented by this
	* Executable.
	*
	* @since 1.8
	*/
	AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReturnType0(Type returnType) {
	return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedType(getTypeAnnotationBytes(),
	sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
	getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
	this,
	getDeclaringClass(),
	returnType,
	TypeAnnotation.TypeAnnotationTarget.METHOD_RETURN_TYPE);
	}

	/**
	* Returns an AnnotatedType object that represents the use of a type to
	* specify the receiver type of the method/constructor represented by this
	* Executable. The receiver type of a method/constructor is available only
	* if the method/constructor declares a formal parameter called 'this'.
	*
	* Returns null if this Executable represents a constructor or instance
	* method that either declares no formal parameter called 'this', or
	* declares a formal parameter called 'this' with no annotations on its
	* type.
	*
	* Returns null if this Executable represents a static method.
	*
	* @since 1.8
	*/
	public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReceiverType() {
	return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedType(getTypeAnnotationBytes(),
	sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
	getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
	this,
	getDeclaringClass(),
	getDeclaringClass(),
	TypeAnnotation.TypeAnnotationTarget.METHOD_RECEIVER_TYPE);
	}

	/**
	* Returns an array of AnnotatedType objects that represent the use of
	* types to specify formal parameter types of the method/constructor
	* represented by this Executable. The order of the objects in the array
	* corresponds to the order of the formal parameter types in the
	* declaration of the method/constructor.
	*
	* Returns an array of length 0 if the method/constructor declares no
	* parameters.
	*
	* @since 1.8
	*/
	public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedParameterTypes() {
	throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet");
	}

	/**
	* Returns an array of AnnotatedType objects that represent the use of
	* types to specify the declared exceptions of the method/constructor
	* represented by this Executable. The order of the objects in the array
	* corresponds to the order of the exception types in the declaration of
	* the method/constructor.
	*
	* Returns an array of length 0 if the method/constructor declares no
	* exceptions.
	*
	* @since 1.8
	*/
	public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedExceptionTypes() {
	return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedTypes(getTypeAnnotationBytes(),
	sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
	getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
	this,
	getDeclaringClass(),
	getGenericExceptionTypes(),
	TypeAnnotation.TypeAnnotationTarget.THROWS);
	}

	}