langtools/src/share/classes/com/sun/tools/javap/ClassWriter.java - platform/libcore - Git at Google

 /*
  * Copyright 2007-2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Sun designates this
  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
  * by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  *
  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  * accompanied this code).
  *
  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  *
  * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
  * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
  * have any questions.
  */

 package com.sun.tools.javap;

 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;

 import com.sun.tools.classfile.AccessFlags;
 import com.sun.tools.classfile.Attribute;
 import com.sun.tools.classfile.Attributes;
 import com.sun.tools.classfile.ClassFile;
 import com.sun.tools.classfile.Code_attribute;
 import com.sun.tools.classfile.ConstantPool;
 import com.sun.tools.classfile.ConstantPoolException;
 import com.sun.tools.classfile.Descriptor;
 import com.sun.tools.classfile.DescriptorException;
 import com.sun.tools.classfile.Exceptions_attribute;
 import com.sun.tools.classfile.Field;
 import com.sun.tools.classfile.Method;
 import com.sun.tools.classfile.Signature;
 import com.sun.tools.classfile.Signature_attribute;
 import com.sun.tools.classfile.SourceFile_attribute;
 import com.sun.tools.classfile.Type;

 import static com.sun.tools.classfile.AccessFlags.*;

 /*
  *  The main javap class to write the contents of a class file as text.
  *
  *  <p><b>This is NOT part of any API supported by Sun Microsystems.  If
  *  you write code that depends on this, you do so at your own risk.
  *  This code and its internal interfaces are subject to change or
  *  deletion without notice.</b>
  */
 public class ClassWriter extends BasicWriter {
     static ClassWriter instance(Context context) {
         ClassWriter instance = context.get(ClassWriter.class);
         if (instance == null)
             instance = new ClassWriter(context);
         return instance;
     }

     protected ClassWriter(Context context) {
         super(context);
         context.put(ClassWriter.class, this);
         options = Options.instance(context);
         attrWriter = AttributeWriter.instance(context);
         codeWriter = CodeWriter.instance(context);
         constantWriter = ConstantWriter.instance(context);
     }

     ClassFile getClassFile() {
         return classFile;
     }

     Method getMethod() {
         return method;
     }

     public void write(ClassFile cf) {
         classFile = cf;
         constant_pool = classFile.constant_pool;

         Attribute sfa = cf.getAttribute(Attribute.SourceFile);
         if (sfa instanceof SourceFile_attribute) {
             println("Compiled from \"" + getSourceFile((SourceFile_attribute) sfa) + "\"");
         }

         String name = getJavaName(classFile);
         AccessFlags flags = cf.access_flags;

         writeModifiers(flags.getClassModifiers());

         if (classFile.isClass())
             print("class ");
         else if (classFile.isInterface())
             print("interface ");

         print(name);

         Signature_attribute sigAttr = getSignature(cf.attributes);
         if (sigAttr == null) {
             // use info from class file header
             if (classFile.isClass() && classFile.super_class != 0 ) {
                 String sn = getJavaSuperclassName(cf);
                 print(" extends ");
                 print(sn);
             }
             for (int i = 0; i < classFile.interfaces.length; i++) {
                 print(i == 0 ? (classFile.isClass() ? " implements " : " extends ") : ",");
                 print(getJavaInterfaceName(classFile, i));
             }
         } else {
             try {
                 Type t = sigAttr.getParsedSignature().getType(constant_pool);
                 // The signature parser cannot disambiguate between a
                 // FieldType and a ClassSignatureType that only contains a superclass type.
                 if (t instanceof Type.ClassSigType)
                     print(t);
                 else {
                     print(" extends ");
                     print(t);
                 }
             } catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
                 print(report(e));
             }
         }

         if (options.verbose) {
             println();
             attrWriter.write(cf, cf.attributes, constant_pool);
             println("  minor version: " + cf.minor_version);
             println("  major version: " + cf.major_version);
             if (!options.compat)
               writeList("  flags: ", flags.getClassFlags(), NEWLINE);
             constantWriter.writeConstantPool();
             println();
         } else {
             if (!options.compat)
                 print(" ");
         }

         println("{");
         writeFields();
         writeMethods();
         println("}");
         println();
     }

     void writeFields() {
         for (Field f: classFile.fields) {
             writeField(f);
         }
     }

     void writeField(Field f) {
         if (!options.checkAccess(f.access_flags))
             return;

         if (!(options.showLineAndLocalVariableTables
                 || options.showDisassembled
                 || options.verbose
                 || options.showInternalSignatures
                 || options.showAllAttrs)) {
             print("    ");
         }

         AccessFlags flags = f.access_flags;
         writeModifiers(flags.getFieldModifiers());
         Signature_attribute sigAttr = getSignature(f.attributes);
         if (sigAttr == null)
             print(getFieldType(f.descriptor));
         else {
             try {
                 Type t = sigAttr.getParsedSignature().getType(constant_pool);
                 print(t);
             } catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
                 // report error?
                 // fall back on non-generic descriptor
                 print(getFieldType(f.descriptor));
             }
         }
         print(" ");
         print(getFieldName(f));
         print(";");
         println();

         if (options.showInternalSignatures)
             println("  Signature: " + getValue(f.descriptor));

         if (options.verbose && !options.compat)
             writeList("  flags: ", flags.getFieldFlags(), NEWLINE);

         if (options.showAllAttrs) {
             for (Attribute attr: f.attributes)
                 attrWriter.write(f, attr, constant_pool);
             println();
         }

         if (options.showDisassembled || options.showLineAndLocalVariableTables)
             println();
     }

     void writeMethods() {
         for (Method m: classFile.methods)
             writeMethod(m);
     }

     void writeMethod(Method m) {
         if (!options.checkAccess(m.access_flags))
             return;

         method = m;

         if (!(options.showLineAndLocalVariableTables
                 || options.showDisassembled
                 || options.verbose
                 || options.showInternalSignatures
                 || options.showAllAttrs)) {
             print("    ");
         }

         AccessFlags flags = m.access_flags;

         Descriptor d;
         Type.MethodType methodType;
         List<? extends Type> methodExceptions;

         Signature_attribute sigAttr = getSignature(m.attributes);
         if (sigAttr == null) {
             d = m.descriptor;
             methodType = null;
             methodExceptions = null;
         } else {
             Signature methodSig = sigAttr.getParsedSignature();
             d = methodSig;
             try {
                 methodType = (Type.MethodType) methodSig.getType(constant_pool);
                 methodExceptions = methodType.throwsTypes;
                 if (methodExceptions != null && methodExceptions.size() == 0)
                     methodExceptions = null;
             } catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
                 // report error?
                 // fall back on standard descriptor
                 methodType = null;
                 methodExceptions = null;
             }
         }

         writeModifiers(flags.getMethodModifiers());
         if (methodType != null) {
             writeListIfNotEmpty("<", methodType.typeArgTypes, "> ");
         }
         if (getName(m).equals("<init>")) {
             print(getJavaName(classFile));
             print(getParameterTypes(d, flags));
         } else if (getName(m).equals("<clinit>")) {
             print("{}");
         } else {
             print(getReturnType(d));
             print(" ");
             print(getName(m));
             print(getParameterTypes(d, flags));
         }

         Attribute e_attr = m.attributes.get(Attribute.Exceptions);
         if (e_attr != null) { // if there are generic exceptions, there must be erased exceptions
             if (e_attr instanceof Exceptions_attribute) {
                 Exceptions_attribute exceptions = (Exceptions_attribute) e_attr;
                 if (options.compat) { // Bug XXXXXXX whitespace
                     if (!(options.showLineAndLocalVariableTables
                             || options.showDisassembled
                             || options.verbose
                             || options.showInternalSignatures
                             || options.showAllAttrs)) {
                         print("    ");
                     }
                     print("  ");
                 }
                 print(" throws ");
                 if (methodExceptions != null) { // use generic list if available
                     writeList("", methodExceptions, "");
                 } else {
                     for (int i = 0; i < exceptions.number_of_exceptions; i++) {
                         if (i > 0)
                             print(", ");
                         print(getJavaException(exceptions, i));
                     }
                 }
             } else {
                 report("Unexpected or invalid value for Exceptions attribute");
             }
         }

         print(";");
         println();

         if (options.showInternalSignatures)
             println("  Signature: " + getValue(m.descriptor));

         if (options.verbose && !options.compat)
             writeList("  flags: ", flags.getMethodFlags(), NEWLINE);

         Code_attribute code = null;
         Attribute c_attr = m.attributes.get(Attribute.Code);
         if (c_attr != null) {
             if (c_attr instanceof Code_attribute)
                 code = (Code_attribute) c_attr;
             else
                 report("Unexpected or invalid value for Code attribute");
         }

         if (options.showDisassembled && !options.showAllAttrs) {
             if (code != null) {
                 println("  Code:");
                 codeWriter.writeInstrs(code);
                 codeWriter.writeExceptionTable(code);
             }
             println();
         }

         if (options.showLineAndLocalVariableTables) {
             if (code != null)
                 attrWriter.write(code, code.attributes.get(Attribute.LineNumberTable), constant_pool);
             println();
             if (code != null)
                 attrWriter.write(code, code.attributes.get(Attribute.LocalVariableTable), constant_pool);
             println();
             println();
         }

         if (options.showAllAttrs) {
             Attribute[] attrs = m.attributes.attrs;
             for (Attribute attr: attrs)
                 attrWriter.write(m, attr, constant_pool);

 //            // the following condition is to mimic old javap
 //            if (!(attrs.length > 0 &&
 //                    attrs[attrs.length - 1] instanceof Exceptions_attribute))
             println();
         }
     }

     void writeModifiers(Collection<String> items) {
         for (Object item: items) {
             print(item);
             print(" ");
         }
     }

     void writeList(String prefix, Collection<?> items, String suffix) {
         print(prefix);
         String sep = "";
         for (Object item: items) {
             print(sep);
             print(item);
             sep = ", ";
         }
         print(suffix);
     }

     void writeListIfNotEmpty(String prefix, List<?> items, String suffix) {
         if (items != null && items.size() > 0)
             writeList(prefix, items, suffix);
     }

     Signature_attribute getSignature(Attributes attributes) {
         if (options.compat) // javap does not recognize recent attributes
             return null;
         return (Signature_attribute) attributes.get(Attribute.Signature);
     }

     String adjustVarargs(AccessFlags flags, String params) {
         if (flags.is(ACC_VARARGS) && !options.compat) {
             int i = params.lastIndexOf("[]");
             if (i > 0)
                 return params.substring(0, i) + "..." + params.substring(i+2);
         }

         return params;
     }

     String getJavaName(ClassFile cf) {
         try {
             return getJavaName(cf.getName());
         } catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
             return report(e);
         }
     }

     String getJavaSuperclassName(ClassFile cf) {
         try {
             return getJavaName(cf.getSuperclassName());
         } catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
             return report(e);
         }
     }

     String getJavaInterfaceName(ClassFile cf, int index) {
         try {
             return getJavaName(cf.getInterfaceName(index));
         } catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
             return report(e);
         }
     }

     String getFieldType(Descriptor d) {
         try {
             return d.getFieldType(constant_pool);
         } catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
             return report(e);
         } catch (DescriptorException e) {
             return report(e);
         }
     }

     String getReturnType(Descriptor d) {
         try {
             return d.getReturnType(constant_pool);
         } catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
             return report(e);
         } catch (DescriptorException e) {
             return report(e);
         }
     }

     String getParameterTypes(Descriptor d, AccessFlags flags) {
         try {
             return adjustVarargs(flags, d.getParameterTypes(constant_pool));
         } catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
             return report(e);
         } catch (DescriptorException e) {
             return report(e);
         }
     }

     String getJavaException(Exceptions_attribute attr, int index) {
         try {
             return getJavaName(attr.getException(index, constant_pool));
         } catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
             return report(e);
         }
     }

     String getValue(Descriptor d) {
         try {
             return d.getValue(constant_pool);
         } catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
             return report(e);
         }
     }

     String getFieldName(Field f) {
         try {
             return f.getName(constant_pool);
         } catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
             return report(e);
         }
     }

     String getName(Method m) {
         try {
             return m.getName(constant_pool);
         } catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
             return report(e);
         }
     }

     static String getJavaName(String name) {
         return name.replace('/', '.');
     }

     String getSourceFile(SourceFile_attribute attr) {
         try {
             return attr.getSourceFile(constant_pool);
         } catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
             return report(e);
         }
     }

     private Options options;
     private AttributeWriter attrWriter;
     private CodeWriter codeWriter;
     private ConstantWriter constantWriter;
     private ClassFile classFile;
     private ConstantPool constant_pool;
     private Method method;
     private static final String NEWLINE = System.getProperty("line.separator", "\n");
 }
	/*
	* Copyright 2007-2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
	* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
	*
	* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
	* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
	* published by the Free Software Foundation. Sun designates this
	* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
	* by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
	*
	* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
	* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
	* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
	* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
	* accompanied this code).
	*
	* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
	* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
	* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
	*
	* Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
	* CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
	* have any questions.
	*/

	package com.sun.tools.javap;

	import java.util.Collection;
	import java.util.List;

	import com.sun.tools.classfile.AccessFlags;
	import com.sun.tools.classfile.Attribute;
	import com.sun.tools.classfile.Attributes;
	import com.sun.tools.classfile.ClassFile;
	import com.sun.tools.classfile.Code_attribute;
	import com.sun.tools.classfile.ConstantPool;
	import com.sun.tools.classfile.ConstantPoolException;
	import com.sun.tools.classfile.Descriptor;
	import com.sun.tools.classfile.DescriptorException;
	import com.sun.tools.classfile.Exceptions_attribute;
	import com.sun.tools.classfile.Field;
	import com.sun.tools.classfile.Method;
	import com.sun.tools.classfile.Signature;
	import com.sun.tools.classfile.Signature_attribute;
	import com.sun.tools.classfile.SourceFile_attribute;
	import com.sun.tools.classfile.Type;

	import static com.sun.tools.classfile.AccessFlags.*;

	/*
	* The main javap class to write the contents of a class file as text.
	*
	* <p><b>This is NOT part of any API supported by Sun Microsystems. If
	* you write code that depends on this, you do so at your own risk.
	* This code and its internal interfaces are subject to change or
	* deletion without notice.</b>
	*/
	public class ClassWriter extends BasicWriter {
	static ClassWriter instance(Context context) {
	ClassWriter instance = context.get(ClassWriter.class);
	if (instance == null)
	instance = new ClassWriter(context);
	return instance;
	}

	protected ClassWriter(Context context) {
	super(context);
	context.put(ClassWriter.class, this);
	options = Options.instance(context);
	attrWriter = AttributeWriter.instance(context);
	codeWriter = CodeWriter.instance(context);
	constantWriter = ConstantWriter.instance(context);
	}

	ClassFile getClassFile() {
	return classFile;
	}

	Method getMethod() {
	return method;
	}

	public void write(ClassFile cf) {
	classFile = cf;
	constant_pool = classFile.constant_pool;

	Attribute sfa = cf.getAttribute(Attribute.SourceFile);
	if (sfa instanceof SourceFile_attribute) {
	println("Compiled from \"" + getSourceFile((SourceFile_attribute) sfa) + "\"");
	}

	String name = getJavaName(classFile);
	AccessFlags flags = cf.access_flags;

	writeModifiers(flags.getClassModifiers());

	if (classFile.isClass())
	print("class ");
	else if (classFile.isInterface())
	print("interface ");

	print(name);

	Signature_attribute sigAttr = getSignature(cf.attributes);
	if (sigAttr == null) {
	// use info from class file header
	if (classFile.isClass() && classFile.super_class != 0 ) {
	String sn = getJavaSuperclassName(cf);
	print(" extends ");
	print(sn);
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < classFile.interfaces.length; i++) {
	print(i == 0 ? (classFile.isClass() ? " implements " : " extends ") : ",");
	print(getJavaInterfaceName(classFile, i));
	}
	} else {
	try {
	Type t = sigAttr.getParsedSignature().getType(constant_pool);
	// The signature parser cannot disambiguate between a
	// FieldType and a ClassSignatureType that only contains a superclass type.
	if (t instanceof Type.ClassSigType)
	print(t);
	else {
	print(" extends ");
	print(t);
	}
	} catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
	print(report(e));
	}
	}

	if (options.verbose) {
	println();
	attrWriter.write(cf, cf.attributes, constant_pool);
	println(" minor version: " + cf.minor_version);
	println(" major version: " + cf.major_version);
	if (!options.compat)
	writeList(" flags: ", flags.getClassFlags(), NEWLINE);
	constantWriter.writeConstantPool();
	println();
	} else {
	if (!options.compat)
	print(" ");
	}

	println("{");
	writeFields();
	writeMethods();
	println("}");
	println();
	}

	void writeFields() {
	for (Field f: classFile.fields) {
	writeField(f);
	}
	}

	void writeField(Field f) {
	if (!options.checkAccess(f.access_flags))
	return;

	if (!(options.showLineAndLocalVariableTables
	\|\| options.showDisassembled
	\|\| options.verbose
	\|\| options.showInternalSignatures
	\|\| options.showAllAttrs)) {
	print(" ");
	}

	AccessFlags flags = f.access_flags;
	writeModifiers(flags.getFieldModifiers());
	Signature_attribute sigAttr = getSignature(f.attributes);
	if (sigAttr == null)
	print(getFieldType(f.descriptor));
	else {
	try {
	Type t = sigAttr.getParsedSignature().getType(constant_pool);
	print(t);
	} catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
	// report error?
	// fall back on non-generic descriptor
	print(getFieldType(f.descriptor));
	}
	}
	print(" ");
	print(getFieldName(f));
	print(";");
	println();

	if (options.showInternalSignatures)
	println(" Signature: " + getValue(f.descriptor));

	if (options.verbose && !options.compat)
	writeList(" flags: ", flags.getFieldFlags(), NEWLINE);

	if (options.showAllAttrs) {
	for (Attribute attr: f.attributes)
	attrWriter.write(f, attr, constant_pool);
	println();
	}

	if (options.showDisassembled \|\| options.showLineAndLocalVariableTables)
	println();
	}

	void writeMethods() {
	for (Method m: classFile.methods)
	writeMethod(m);
	}

	void writeMethod(Method m) {
	if (!options.checkAccess(m.access_flags))
	return;

	method = m;

	if (!(options.showLineAndLocalVariableTables
	\|\| options.showDisassembled
	\|\| options.verbose
	\|\| options.showInternalSignatures
	\|\| options.showAllAttrs)) {
	print(" ");
	}

	AccessFlags flags = m.access_flags;

	Descriptor d;
	Type.MethodType methodType;
	List<? extends Type> methodExceptions;

	Signature_attribute sigAttr = getSignature(m.attributes);
	if (sigAttr == null) {
	d = m.descriptor;
	methodType = null;
	methodExceptions = null;
	} else {
	Signature methodSig = sigAttr.getParsedSignature();
	d = methodSig;
	try {
	methodType = (Type.MethodType) methodSig.getType(constant_pool);
	methodExceptions = methodType.throwsTypes;
	if (methodExceptions != null && methodExceptions.size() == 0)
	methodExceptions = null;
	} catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
	// report error?
	// fall back on standard descriptor
	methodType = null;
	methodExceptions = null;
	}
	}

	writeModifiers(flags.getMethodModifiers());
	if (methodType != null) {
	writeListIfNotEmpty("<", methodType.typeArgTypes, "> ");
	}
	if (getName(m).equals("<init>")) {
	print(getJavaName(classFile));
	print(getParameterTypes(d, flags));
	} else if (getName(m).equals("<clinit>")) {
	print("{}");
	} else {
	print(getReturnType(d));
	print(" ");
	print(getName(m));
	print(getParameterTypes(d, flags));
	}

	Attribute e_attr = m.attributes.get(Attribute.Exceptions);
	if (e_attr != null) { // if there are generic exceptions, there must be erased exceptions
	if (e_attr instanceof Exceptions_attribute) {
	Exceptions_attribute exceptions = (Exceptions_attribute) e_attr;
	if (options.compat) { // Bug XXXXXXX whitespace
	if (!(options.showLineAndLocalVariableTables
	\|\| options.showDisassembled
	\|\| options.verbose
	\|\| options.showInternalSignatures
	\|\| options.showAllAttrs)) {
	print(" ");
	}
	print(" ");
	}
	print(" throws ");
	if (methodExceptions != null) { // use generic list if available
	writeList("", methodExceptions, "");
	} else {
	for (int i = 0; i < exceptions.number_of_exceptions; i++) {
	if (i > 0)
	print(", ");
	print(getJavaException(exceptions, i));
	}
	}
	} else {
	report("Unexpected or invalid value for Exceptions attribute");
	}
	}

	print(";");
	println();

	if (options.showInternalSignatures)
	println(" Signature: " + getValue(m.descriptor));

	if (options.verbose && !options.compat)
	writeList(" flags: ", flags.getMethodFlags(), NEWLINE);

	Code_attribute code = null;
	Attribute c_attr = m.attributes.get(Attribute.Code);
	if (c_attr != null) {
	if (c_attr instanceof Code_attribute)
	code = (Code_attribute) c_attr;
	else
	report("Unexpected or invalid value for Code attribute");
	}

	if (options.showDisassembled && !options.showAllAttrs) {
	if (code != null) {
	println(" Code:");
	codeWriter.writeInstrs(code);
	codeWriter.writeExceptionTable(code);
	}
	println();
	}

	if (options.showLineAndLocalVariableTables) {
	if (code != null)
	attrWriter.write(code, code.attributes.get(Attribute.LineNumberTable), constant_pool);
	println();
	if (code != null)
	attrWriter.write(code, code.attributes.get(Attribute.LocalVariableTable), constant_pool);
	println();
	println();
	}

	if (options.showAllAttrs) {
	Attribute[] attrs = m.attributes.attrs;
	for (Attribute attr: attrs)
	attrWriter.write(m, attr, constant_pool);

	// // the following condition is to mimic old javap
	// if (!(attrs.length > 0 &&
	// attrs[attrs.length - 1] instanceof Exceptions_attribute))
	println();
	}
	}

	void writeModifiers(Collection<String> items) {
	for (Object item: items) {
	print(item);
	print(" ");
	}
	}

	void writeList(String prefix, Collection<?> items, String suffix) {
	print(prefix);
	String sep = "";
	for (Object item: items) {
	print(sep);
	print(item);
	sep = ", ";
	}
	print(suffix);
	}

	void writeListIfNotEmpty(String prefix, List<?> items, String suffix) {
	if (items != null && items.size() > 0)
	writeList(prefix, items, suffix);
	}

	Signature_attribute getSignature(Attributes attributes) {
	if (options.compat) // javap does not recognize recent attributes
	return null;
	return (Signature_attribute) attributes.get(Attribute.Signature);
	}

	String adjustVarargs(AccessFlags flags, String params) {
	if (flags.is(ACC_VARARGS) && !options.compat) {
	int i = params.lastIndexOf("[]");
	if (i > 0)
	return params.substring(0, i) + "..." + params.substring(i+2);
	}

	return params;
	}

	String getJavaName(ClassFile cf) {
	try {
	return getJavaName(cf.getName());
	} catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
	return report(e);
	}
	}

	String getJavaSuperclassName(ClassFile cf) {
	try {
	return getJavaName(cf.getSuperclassName());
	} catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
	return report(e);
	}
	}

	String getJavaInterfaceName(ClassFile cf, int index) {
	try {
	return getJavaName(cf.getInterfaceName(index));
	} catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
	return report(e);
	}
	}

	String getFieldType(Descriptor d) {
	try {
	return d.getFieldType(constant_pool);
	} catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
	return report(e);
	} catch (DescriptorException e) {
	return report(e);
	}
	}

	String getReturnType(Descriptor d) {
	try {
	return d.getReturnType(constant_pool);
	} catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
	return report(e);
	} catch (DescriptorException e) {
	return report(e);
	}
	}

	String getParameterTypes(Descriptor d, AccessFlags flags) {
	try {
	return adjustVarargs(flags, d.getParameterTypes(constant_pool));
	} catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
	return report(e);
	} catch (DescriptorException e) {
	return report(e);
	}
	}

	String getJavaException(Exceptions_attribute attr, int index) {
	try {
	return getJavaName(attr.getException(index, constant_pool));
	} catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
	return report(e);
	}
	}

	String getValue(Descriptor d) {
	try {
	return d.getValue(constant_pool);
	} catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
	return report(e);
	}
	}

	String getFieldName(Field f) {
	try {
	return f.getName(constant_pool);
	} catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
	return report(e);
	}
	}

	String getName(Method m) {
	try {
	return m.getName(constant_pool);
	} catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
	return report(e);
	}
	}

	static String getJavaName(String name) {
	return name.replace('/', '.');
	}

	String getSourceFile(SourceFile_attribute attr) {
	try {
	return attr.getSourceFile(constant_pool);
	} catch (ConstantPoolException e) {
	return report(e);
	}
	}

	private Options options;
	private AttributeWriter attrWriter;
	private CodeWriter codeWriter;
	private ConstantWriter constantWriter;
	private ClassFile classFile;
	private ConstantPool constant_pool;
	private Method method;
	private static final String NEWLINE = System.getProperty("line.separator", "\n");
	}