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/*
* Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.android.net.module.util;
import android.net.MacAddress;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.net.Inet4Address;
import java.net.Inet6Address;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.nio.BufferUnderflowException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* Define a generic class that helps to parse the structured message.
*
* Example usage:
*
* // C-style NduserOption message header definition in the kernel:
* struct nduseroptmsg {
* unsigned char nduseropt_family;
* unsigned char nduseropt_pad1;
* unsigned short nduseropt_opts_len;
* int nduseropt_ifindex;
* __u8 nduseropt_icmp_type;
* __u8 nduseropt_icmp_code;
* unsigned short nduseropt_pad2;
* unsigned int nduseropt_pad3;
* }
*
* - Declare a subclass with explicit constructor or not which extends from this class to parse
* NduserOption header from raw bytes array.
*
* - Option w/ explicit constructor:
* static class NduserOptHeaderMessage extends Struct {
* @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
* final short family;
* @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16)
* final int len;
* @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S32)
* final int ifindex;
* @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8)
* final short type;
* @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U8, padding = 6)
* final short code;
*
* NduserOptHeaderMessage(final short family, final int len, final int ifindex,
* final short type, final short code) {
* this.family = family;
* this.len = len;
* this.ifindex = ifindex;
* this.type = type;
* this.code = code;
* }
* }
*
* - Option w/o explicit constructor:
* static class NduserOptHeaderMessage extends Struct {
* @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U8, padding = 1)
* short family;
* @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U16)
* int len;
* @Field(order = 2, type = Type.S32)
* int ifindex;
* @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U8)
* short type;
* @Field(order = 4, type = Type.U8, padding = 6)
* short code;
* }
*
* - Parse the target message and refer the members.
* final ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(RAW_BYTES_ARRAY);
* buf.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
* final NduserOptHeaderMessage nduserHdrMsg = Struct.parse(NduserOptHeaderMessage.class, buf);
* assertEquals(10, nduserHdrMsg.family);
*/
public class Struct {
public enum Type {
U8, // unsigned byte, size = 1 byte
U16, // unsigned short, size = 2 bytes
U32, // unsigned int, size = 4 bytes
U63, // unsigned long(MSB: 0), size = 8 bytes
U64, // unsigned long, size = 8 bytes
S8, // signed byte, size = 1 byte
S16, // signed short, size = 2 bytes
S32, // signed int, size = 4 bytes
S64, // signed long, size = 8 bytes
UBE16, // unsigned short in network order, size = 2 bytes
UBE32, // unsigned int in network order, size = 4 bytes
UBE63, // unsigned long(MSB: 0) in network order, size = 8 bytes
UBE64, // unsigned long in network order, size = 8 bytes
ByteArray, // byte array with predefined length
EUI48, // IEEE Extended Unique Identifier, a 48-bits long MAC address in network order
Ipv4Address, // IPv4 address in network order
Ipv6Address, // IPv6 address in network order
}
/**
* Indicate that the field marked with this annotation will automatically be managed by this
* class (e.g., will be parsed by #parse).
*
* order: The placeholder associated with each field, consecutive order starting from zero.
* type: The primitive data type listed in above Type enumeration.
* padding: Padding bytes appear after the field for alignment.
* arraysize: The length of byte array.
*
* Annotation associated with field MUST have order and type properties at least, padding
* and arraysize properties depend on the specific usage, if these properties are absent,
* then default value 0 will be applied.
*/
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
public @interface Field {
int order();
Type type();
int padding() default 0;
int arraysize() default 0;
}
private static class FieldInfo {
@NonNull
public final Field annotation;
@NonNull
public final java.lang.reflect.Field field;
FieldInfo(final Field annotation, final java.lang.reflect.Field field) {
this.annotation = annotation;
this.field = field;
}
}
private static ConcurrentHashMap<Class, FieldInfo[]> sFieldCache = new ConcurrentHashMap();
private static void checkAnnotationType(final Field annotation, final Class fieldType) {
switch (annotation.type()) {
case U8:
case S16:
if (fieldType == Short.TYPE) return;
break;
case U16:
case S32:
case UBE16:
if (fieldType == Integer.TYPE) return;
break;
case U32:
case U63:
case S64:
case UBE32:
case UBE63:
if (fieldType == Long.TYPE) return;
break;
case U64:
case UBE64:
if (fieldType == BigInteger.class) return;
break;
case S8:
if (fieldType == Byte.TYPE) return;
break;
case ByteArray:
if (fieldType != byte[].class) break;
if (annotation.arraysize() <= 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid ByteArray size: "
+ annotation.arraysize());
}
return;
case EUI48:
if (fieldType == MacAddress.class) return;
break;
case Ipv4Address:
if (fieldType == Inet4Address.class) return;
break;
case Ipv6Address:
if (fieldType == Inet6Address.class) return;
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown type" + annotation.type());
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid primitive data type: " + fieldType
+ " for annotation type: " + annotation.type());
}
private static int getFieldLength(final Field annotation) {
int length = 0;
switch (annotation.type()) {
case U8:
case S8:
length = 1;
break;
case U16:
case S16:
case UBE16:
length = 2;
break;
case U32:
case S32:
case UBE32:
length = 4;
break;
case U63:
case U64:
case S64:
case UBE63:
case UBE64:
length = 8;
break;
case ByteArray:
length = annotation.arraysize();
break;
case EUI48:
length = 6;
break;
case Ipv4Address:
length = 4;
break;
case Ipv6Address:
length = 16;
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown type" + annotation.type());
}
return length + annotation.padding();
}
private static boolean isStructSubclass(final Class clazz) {
return clazz != null && Struct.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz) && Struct.class != clazz;
}
private static int getAnnotationFieldCount(final Class clazz) {
int count = 0;
for (java.lang.reflect.Field field : clazz.getDeclaredFields()) {
if (field.isAnnotationPresent(Field.class)) count++;
}
return count;
}
private static boolean allFieldsFinal(final FieldInfo[] fields, boolean immutable) {
for (FieldInfo fi : fields) {
if (Modifier.isFinal(fi.field.getModifiers()) != immutable) return false;
}
return true;
}
private static boolean hasBothMutableAndImmutableFields(final FieldInfo[] fields) {
return !allFieldsFinal(fields, true /* immutable */)
&& !allFieldsFinal(fields, false /* mutable */);
}
private static boolean matchConstructor(final Constructor cons, final FieldInfo[] fields) {
final Class[] paramTypes = cons.getParameterTypes();
if (paramTypes.length != fields.length) return false;
for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.length; i++) {
if (!paramTypes[i].equals(fields[i].field.getType())) return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* Read U64/UBE64 type data from ByteBuffer and output a BigInteger instance.
*
* @param buf The byte buffer to read.
* @param type The annotation type.
*
* The magnitude argument of BigInteger constructor is a byte array in big-endian order.
* If BigInteger data is read from the byte buffer in little-endian, reverse the order of
* the bytes is required; if BigInteger data is read from the byte buffer in big-endian,
* then just keep it as-is.
*/
private static BigInteger readBigInteger(final ByteBuffer buf, final Type type) {
final byte[] input = new byte[8];
boolean reverseBytes = (type == Type.U64 && buf.order() == ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
input[reverseBytes ? input.length - 1 - i : i] = buf.get();
}
return new BigInteger(1, input);
}
/**
* Get the last 8 bytes of a byte array. If there are less than 8 bytes,
* the first bytes are replaced with zeroes.
*/
private static byte[] getLast8Bytes(final byte[] input) {
final byte[] tmp = new byte[8];
System.arraycopy(
input,
Math.max(0, input.length - 8), // srcPos: read at most last 8 bytes
tmp,
Math.max(0, 8 - input.length), // dstPos: pad output with that many zeroes
Math.min(8, input.length)); // length
return tmp;
}
/**
* Convert U64/UBE64 type data interpreted by BigInteger class to bytes array, output are
* always 8 bytes.
*
* @param bigInteger The number to convert.
* @param order Indicate ByteBuffer is read as little-endian or big-endian.
* @param type The annotation U64 type.
*
* BigInteger#toByteArray returns a byte array containing the 2's complement representation
* of this BigInteger, in big-endian. If annotation type is U64 and ByteBuffer is read as
* little-endian, then reversing the order of the bytes is required.
*/
private static byte[] bigIntegerToU64Bytes(final BigInteger bigInteger, final ByteOrder order,
final Type type) {
final byte[] bigIntegerBytes = bigInteger.toByteArray();
final byte[] output = getLast8Bytes(bigIntegerBytes);
if (type == Type.U64 && order == ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN) {
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
byte tmp = output[i];
output[i] = output[7 - i];
output[7 - i] = tmp;
}
}
return output;
}
private static Object getFieldValue(final ByteBuffer buf, final FieldInfo fieldInfo)
throws BufferUnderflowException {
final Object value;
checkAnnotationType(fieldInfo.annotation, fieldInfo.field.getType());
switch (fieldInfo.annotation.type()) {
case U8:
value = (short) (buf.get() & 0xFF);
break;
case U16:
value = (int) (buf.getShort() & 0xFFFF);
break;
case U32:
value = (long) (buf.getInt() & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
break;
case U64:
value = readBigInteger(buf, Type.U64);
break;
case S8:
value = buf.get();
break;
case S16:
value = buf.getShort();
break;
case S32:
value = buf.getInt();
break;
case U63:
case S64:
value = buf.getLong();
break;
case UBE16:
if (buf.order() == ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN) {
value = (int) (Short.reverseBytes(buf.getShort()) & 0xFFFF);
} else {
value = (int) (buf.getShort() & 0xFFFF);
}
break;
case UBE32:
if (buf.order() == ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN) {
value = (long) (Integer.reverseBytes(buf.getInt()) & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
} else {
value = (long) (buf.getInt() & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
}
break;
case UBE63:
if (buf.order() == ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN) {
value = Long.reverseBytes(buf.getLong());
} else {
value = buf.getLong();
}
break;
case UBE64:
value = readBigInteger(buf, Type.UBE64);
break;
case ByteArray:
final byte[] array = new byte[fieldInfo.annotation.arraysize()];
buf.get(array);
value = array;
break;
case EUI48:
final byte[] macAddress = new byte[6];
buf.get(macAddress);
value = MacAddress.fromBytes(macAddress);
break;
case Ipv4Address:
case Ipv6Address:
final boolean isIpv6 = (fieldInfo.annotation.type() == Type.Ipv6Address);
final byte[] address = new byte[isIpv6 ? 16 : 4];
buf.get(address);
try {
value = InetAddress.getByAddress(address);
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("illegal length of IP address", e);
}
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown type:" + fieldInfo.annotation.type());
}
// Skip the padding data for alignment if any.
if (fieldInfo.annotation.padding() > 0) {
buf.position(buf.position() + fieldInfo.annotation.padding());
}
return value;
}
@Nullable
private Object getFieldValue(@NonNull java.lang.reflect.Field field) {
try {
return field.get(this);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot access field: " + field, e);
}
}
private static void putFieldValue(final ByteBuffer output, final FieldInfo fieldInfo,
final Object value) throws BufferUnderflowException {
switch (fieldInfo.annotation.type()) {
case U8:
output.put((byte) (((short) value) & 0xFF));
break;
case U16:
output.putShort((short) (((int) value) & 0xFFFF));
break;
case U32:
output.putInt((int) (((long) value) & 0xFFFFFFFFL));
break;
case U63:
output.putLong((long) value);
break;
case U64:
output.put(bigIntegerToU64Bytes((BigInteger) value, output.order(), Type.U64));
break;
case S8:
output.put((byte) value);
break;
case S16:
output.putShort((short) value);
break;
case S32:
output.putInt((int) value);
break;
case S64:
output.putLong((long) value);
break;
case UBE16:
if (output.order() == ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN) {
output.putShort(Short.reverseBytes((short) (((int) value) & 0xFFFF)));
} else {
output.putShort((short) (((int) value) & 0xFFFF));
}
break;
case UBE32:
if (output.order() == ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN) {
output.putInt(Integer.reverseBytes(
(int) (((long) value) & 0xFFFFFFFFL)));
} else {
output.putInt((int) (((long) value) & 0xFFFFFFFFL));
}
break;
case UBE63:
if (output.order() == ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN) {
output.putLong(Long.reverseBytes((long) value));
} else {
output.putLong((long) value);
}
break;
case UBE64:
output.put(bigIntegerToU64Bytes((BigInteger) value, output.order(), Type.UBE64));
break;
case ByteArray:
checkByteArraySize((byte[]) value, fieldInfo);
output.put((byte[]) value);
break;
case EUI48:
final byte[] macAddress = ((MacAddress) value).toByteArray();
output.put(macAddress);
break;
case Ipv4Address:
case Ipv6Address:
final byte[] address = ((InetAddress) value).getAddress();
output.put(address);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown type:" + fieldInfo.annotation.type());
}
// padding zero after field value for alignment.
for (int i = 0; i < fieldInfo.annotation.padding(); i++) output.put((byte) 0);
}
private static FieldInfo[] getClassFieldInfo(final Class clazz) {
if (!isStructSubclass(clazz)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(clazz.getName() + " is not a subclass of "
+ Struct.class.getName());
}
final FieldInfo[] cachedAnnotationFields = sFieldCache.get(clazz);
if (cachedAnnotationFields != null) {
return cachedAnnotationFields;
}
// Since array returned from Class#getDeclaredFields doesn't guarantee the actual order
// of field appeared in the class, that is a problem when parsing raw data read from
// ByteBuffer. Store the fields appeared by the order() defined in the Field annotation.
final FieldInfo[] annotationFields = new FieldInfo[getAnnotationFieldCount(clazz)];
for (java.lang.reflect.Field field : clazz.getDeclaredFields()) {
if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) continue;
final Field annotation = field.getAnnotation(Field.class);
if (annotation == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Field " + field.getName()
+ " is missing the " + Field.class.getSimpleName()
+ " annotation");
}
if (annotation.order() < 0 || annotation.order() >= annotationFields.length) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Annotation order: " + annotation.order()
+ " is negative or non-consecutive");
}
if (annotationFields[annotation.order()] != null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Duplicated annotation order: "
+ annotation.order());
}
annotationFields[annotation.order()] = new FieldInfo(annotation, field);
}
sFieldCache.putIfAbsent(clazz, annotationFields);
return annotationFields;
}
/**
* Parse raw data from ByteBuffer according to the pre-defined annotation rule and return
* the type-variable object which is subclass of Struct class.
*
* TODO:
* 1. Support subclass inheritance.
* 2. Introduce annotation processor to enforce the subclass naming schema.
*/
public static <T> T parse(final Class<T> clazz, final ByteBuffer buf) {
try {
final FieldInfo[] foundFields = getClassFieldInfo(clazz);
if (hasBothMutableAndImmutableFields(foundFields)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Class has both final and non-final fields");
}
Constructor<?> constructor = null;
Constructor<?> defaultConstructor = null;
final Constructor<?>[] constructors = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors();
for (Constructor cons : constructors) {
if (matchConstructor(cons, foundFields)) constructor = cons;
if (cons.getParameterTypes().length == 0) defaultConstructor = cons;
}
if (constructor == null && defaultConstructor == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Fail to find available constructor");
}
if (constructor != null) {
final Object[] args = new Object[foundFields.length];
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
args[i] = getFieldValue(buf, foundFields[i]);
}
return (T) constructor.newInstance(args);
}
final Object instance = defaultConstructor.newInstance();
for (FieldInfo fi : foundFields) {
fi.field.set(instance, getFieldValue(buf, fi));
}
return (T) instance;
} catch (IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException | InstantiationException e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Fail to create a instance from constructor", e);
} catch (BufferUnderflowException e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Fail to read raw data from ByteBuffer", e);
}
}
private static int getSizeInternal(final FieldInfo[] fieldInfos) {
int size = 0;
for (FieldInfo fi : fieldInfos) {
size += getFieldLength(fi.annotation);
}
return size;
}
// Check whether the actual size of byte array matches the array size declared in
// annotation. For other annotation types, the actual length of field could be always
// deduced from annotation correctly.
private static void checkByteArraySize(@Nullable final byte[] array,
@NonNull final FieldInfo fieldInfo) {
Objects.requireNonNull(array, "null byte array for field " + fieldInfo.field.getName());
int annotationArraySize = fieldInfo.annotation.arraysize();
if (array.length == annotationArraySize) return;
throw new IllegalStateException("byte array actual length: "
+ array.length + " doesn't match the declared array size: " + annotationArraySize);
}
private void writeToByteBufferInternal(final ByteBuffer output, final FieldInfo[] fieldInfos) {
for (FieldInfo fi : fieldInfos) {
final Object value = getFieldValue(fi.field);
try {
putFieldValue(output, fi, value);
} catch (BufferUnderflowException e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Fail to fill raw data to ByteBuffer", e);
}
}
}
/**
* Get the size of Struct subclass object.
*/
public static <T extends Struct> int getSize(final Class<T> clazz) {
final FieldInfo[] fieldInfos = getClassFieldInfo(clazz);
return getSizeInternal(fieldInfos);
}
/**
* Convert the parsed Struct subclass object to ByteBuffer.
*
* @param output ByteBuffer passed-in from the caller.
*/
public final void writeToByteBuffer(final ByteBuffer output) {
final FieldInfo[] fieldInfos = getClassFieldInfo(this.getClass());
writeToByteBufferInternal(output, fieldInfos);
}
/**
* Convert the parsed Struct subclass object to byte array.
*
* @param order indicate ByteBuffer is outputted as little-endian or big-endian.
*/
public final byte[] writeToBytes(final ByteOrder order) {
final FieldInfo[] fieldInfos = getClassFieldInfo(this.getClass());
final byte[] output = new byte[getSizeInternal(fieldInfos)];
final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(output);
buffer.order(order);
writeToByteBufferInternal(buffer, fieldInfos);
return output;
}
/** Convert the parsed Struct subclass object to byte array with native order. */
public final byte[] writeToBytes() {
return writeToBytes(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (obj == null || this.getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false;
final FieldInfo[] fieldInfos = getClassFieldInfo(this.getClass());
for (int i = 0; i < fieldInfos.length; i++) {
try {
final Object value = fieldInfos[i].field.get(this);
final Object otherValue = fieldInfos[i].field.get(obj);
// Use Objects#deepEquals because the equals method on arrays does not check the
// contents of the array. The only difference between Objects#deepEquals and
// Objects#equals is that the former will call Arrays#deepEquals when comparing
// arrays. In turn, the only difference between Arrays#deepEquals is that it
// supports nested arrays. Struct does not currently support these, and if it did,
// Objects#deepEquals might be more correct.
if (!Objects.deepEquals(value, otherValue)) return false;
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot access field: " + fieldInfos[i].field, e);
}
}
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final FieldInfo[] fieldInfos = getClassFieldInfo(this.getClass());
final Object[] values = new Object[fieldInfos.length];
for (int i = 0; i < fieldInfos.length; i++) {
final Object value = getFieldValue(fieldInfos[i].field);
// For byte array field, put the hash code generated based on the array content into
// the Object array instead of the reference to byte array, which might change and cause
// to get a different hash code even with the exact same elements.
if (fieldInfos[i].field.getType() == byte[].class) {
values[i] = Arrays.hashCode((byte[]) value);
} else {
values[i] = value;
}
}
return Objects.hash(values);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
final FieldInfo[] fieldInfos = getClassFieldInfo(this.getClass());
for (int i = 0; i < fieldInfos.length; i++) {
sb.append(fieldInfos[i].field.getName()).append(": ");
final Object value = getFieldValue(fieldInfos[i].field);
if (value == null) {
sb.append("null");
} else if (fieldInfos[i].annotation.type() == Type.ByteArray) {
sb.append("0x").append(HexDump.toHexString((byte[]) value));
} else if (fieldInfos[i].annotation.type() == Type.Ipv4Address
|| fieldInfos[i].annotation.type() == Type.Ipv6Address) {
sb.append(((InetAddress) value).getHostAddress());
} else {
sb.append(value.toString());
}
if (i != fieldInfos.length - 1) sb.append(", ");
}
return sb.toString();
}
public static class U32 extends Struct {
@Struct.Field(order = 0, type = Struct.Type.U32)
public final long val;
public U32(final long val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
public static class S64 extends Struct {
@Struct.Field(order = 0, type = Struct.Type.S64)
public final long val;
public S64(final long val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
}