add Base64OutputStream to android-common

Base64OutputStream is a FilterOutputStream that can encode or decode
base-64 data (with any of the flags supported by the Base64 class --
crlf, padding vs not, line wrapping vs not, etc.)

We change Base64 to have package-private decodeInternal and
encodeInternal methods that save all their state in objects and can be
called multiple times to stream data.  The existing functions for
in-memory encoding/decoding call the internal method once; the output
stream calls it multiple times.

Change-Id: Iac661d05329bc2e6b2863088efcedc974415ec44
diff --git a/common/java/com/android/common/Base64.java b/common/java/com/android/common/Base64.java
index 771875c..772d567 100644
--- a/common/java/com/android/common/Base64.java
+++ b/common/java/com/android/common/Base64.java
@@ -51,6 +51,10 @@
      */
     public static final int WEB_SAFE = 8;
 
+    //  --------------------------------------------------------
+    //  decoding
+    //  --------------------------------------------------------
+
     /**
      * Lookup table for turning bytes into their position in the
      * Base64 alphabet.
@@ -155,18 +159,71 @@
      * incorrect padding
      */
     public static byte[] decode(byte[] input, int offset, int len, int flags) {
-        int p = offset;
         // Allocate space for the most data the input could represent.
         // (It could contain less if it contains whitespace, etc.)
-        byte[] output = new byte[len*3/4];
-        len += offset;
+        DecoderState state = new DecoderState(flags, new byte[len*3/4]);
+
+        if (!decodeInternal(input, offset, len, state, true)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("bad base-64");
+        }
+
+        // Maybe we got lucky and allocated exactly enough output space.
+        if (state.op == state.output.length) {
+            return state.output;
+        }
+
+        // Need to shorten the array, so allocate a new one of the
+        // right size and copy.
+        byte[] temp = new byte[state.op];
+        System.arraycopy(state.output, 0, temp, 0, state.op);
+        return temp;
+    }
+
+    /* package */ static class DecoderState {
+        public byte[] output;
+        public int op;
+
+        public int state;   // state number (0 to 6)
+        public int value;
+
+        final public int[] alphabet;
+
+        public DecoderState(int flags, byte[] output) {
+            this.output = output;
+
+            alphabet = ((flags & WEB_SAFE) == 0) ? DECODE : DECODE_WEBSAFE;
+            state = 0;
+            value = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decode another block of input data.
+     *
+     * @param dstate a DecoderState object whose (caller-provided)
+     *        output array is big enough to hold all the decoded data.
+     *        On return, dstate.op will be set to the length of the
+     *        decoded data.
+     * @param finish true if this is the final call to decodeInternal
+     *        with the given DecoderState object.  Will finalize the
+     *        decoder state and include any final bytes in the output.
+     *
+     * @return true if the state machine is still healthy.  false if
+     *         bad base-64 data has been detected in the input stream.
+     */
+
+    /* package */ static boolean decodeInternal(
+        byte[] input, int offset, int len, final DecoderState dstate, boolean finish) {
+        if (dstate.state == 6) return false;
+
+        int state = dstate.state;
+        int value = dstate.value;
+        final int[] decode = dstate.alphabet;
+        final byte[] output = dstate.output;
         int op = 0;
 
-        final int[] decode = ((flags & WEB_SAFE) == 0) ?
-            DECODE : DECODE_WEBSAFE;
-
-        int state = 0;
-        int value = 0;
+        int p = offset;
+        len += offset;
 
         while (p < len) {
 
@@ -207,6 +264,8 @@
             // one more.
             // State 5 is expecting no more data or padding characters
             // in the input.
+            // State 6 is the error state; an error has been detected
+            // in the input and no future input can "fix" it.
 
             int d = decode[input[p++] & 0xff];
 
@@ -216,7 +275,8 @@
                         value = d;
                         ++state;
                     } else if (d != SKIP) {
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("bad base-64");
+                        dstate.state = 6;
+                        return false;
                     }
                     break;
 
@@ -225,7 +285,8 @@
                         value = (value << 6) | d;
                         ++state;
                     } else if (d != SKIP) {
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("bad base-64");
+                        dstate.state = 6;
+                        return false;
                     }
                     break;
 
@@ -239,7 +300,8 @@
                         output[op++] = (byte) (value >> 4);
                         state = 4;
                     } else if (d != SKIP) {
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("bad base-64");
+                        dstate.state = 6;
+                        return false;
                     }
                     break;
 
@@ -260,7 +322,8 @@
                         op += 2;
                         state = 5;
                     } else if (d != SKIP) {
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("bad base-64");
+                        dstate.state = 6;
+                        return false;
                     }
                     break;
 
@@ -268,18 +331,30 @@
                     if (d == EQUALS) {
                         ++state;
                     } else if (d != SKIP) {
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("bad base-64");
+                        dstate.state = 6;
+                        return false;
                     }
                     break;
 
                 case 5:
                     if (d != SKIP) {
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("bad base-64");
+                        dstate.state = 6;
+                        return false;
                     }
                     break;
             }
         }
 
+        if (!finish) {
+            // We're out of input, but a future call could provide
+            // more.  Return the output we've produced on this call
+            // and save the current state of the state machine.
+            dstate.state = state;
+            dstate.value = value;
+            dstate.op = op;
+            return true;
+        }
+
         // Done reading input.  Now figure out where we are left in
         // the state machine and finish up.
 
@@ -290,7 +365,8 @@
             case 1:
                 // Read one extra input byte, which isn't enough to
                 // make another output byte.  Illegal.
-                throw new IllegalArgumentException("bad base-64");
+                dstate.state = 6;
+                return false;
             case 2:
                 // Read two extra input bytes, enough to emit 1 more
                 // output byte.  Fine.
@@ -305,25 +381,22 @@
                 break;
             case 4:
                 // Read one padding '=' when we expected 2.  Illegal.
-                throw new IllegalArgumentException("bad base-64");
+                dstate.state = 6;
+                return false;
             case 5:
                 // Read all the padding '='s we expected and no more.
                 // Fine.
                 break;
         }
 
-        // Maybe we got lucky and allocated exactly enough output space.
-        if (op == output.length) {
-            return output;
-        }
-
-        // Need to shorten the array, so allocate a new one of the
-        // right size and copy.
-        byte[] temp = new byte[op];
-        System.arraycopy(output, 0, temp, 0, op);
-        return temp;
+        dstate.op = op;
+        return true;
     }
 
+    //  --------------------------------------------------------
+    //  encoding
+    //  --------------------------------------------------------
+
     /**
      * Emit a new line every this many output tuples.  Corresponds to
      * a 76-character line length (the maximum allowable according to
@@ -416,17 +489,13 @@
      *               adheres to RFC 2045.
      */
     public static byte[] encode(byte[] input, int offset, int len, int flags) {
-        final boolean do_padding = (flags & NO_PADDING) == 0;
-        final boolean do_newline = (flags & NO_WRAP) == 0;
-        final boolean do_cr = (flags & CRLF) != 0;
-
-        final byte[] encode = ((flags & WEB_SAFE) == 0) ? ENCODE : ENCODE_WEBSAFE;
+        EncoderState state = new EncoderState(flags, null);
 
         // Compute the exact length of the array we will produce.
         int output_len = len / 3 * 4;
 
         // Account for the tail of the data and the padding bytes, if any.
-        if (do_padding) {
+        if (state.do_padding) {
             if (len % 3 > 0) {
                 output_len += 4;
             }
@@ -439,26 +508,107 @@
         }
 
         // Account for the newlines, if any.
-        if (do_newline && len > 0) {
-            output_len += (((len-1) / (3 * LINE_GROUPS)) + 1) * (do_cr ? 2 : 1);
+        if (state.do_newline && len > 0) {
+            output_len += (((len-1) / (3 * LINE_GROUPS)) + 1) * (state.do_cr ? 2 : 1);
         }
 
-        int op = 0;
-        byte[] output = new byte[output_len];
+        state.output = new byte[output_len];
+        encodeInternal(input, offset, len, state, true);
 
-        // The main loop, turning 3 input bytes into 4 output bytes on
-        // each iteration.
-        int count = do_newline ? LINE_GROUPS : -1;
+        assert state.op == output_len;
+
+        return state.output;
+    }
+
+    /* package */ static class EncoderState {
+        public byte[] output;
+        public int op;
+
+        final public byte[] tail;
+        public int tailLen;
+        public int count;
+
+        final public boolean do_padding;
+        final public boolean do_newline;
+        final public boolean do_cr;
+        final public byte[] alphabet;
+
+        public EncoderState(int flags, byte[] output) {
+            this.output = output;
+
+            do_padding = (flags & NO_PADDING) == 0;
+            do_newline = (flags & NO_WRAP) == 0;
+            do_cr = (flags & CRLF) != 0;
+            alphabet = ((flags & WEB_SAFE) == 0) ? ENCODE : ENCODE_WEBSAFE;
+
+            tail = new byte[2];
+            tailLen = 0;
+
+            count = do_newline ? LINE_GROUPS : -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encode another block of input data.
+     *
+     * @param estate an EncoderState object whose (caller-provided)
+     *        output array is big enough to hold all the encoded data.
+     *        On return, estate.op will be set to the length of the
+     *        encoded data.
+     * @param finish true if this is the final call to encodeInternal
+     *        with the given EncoderState object.  Will finalize the
+     *        encoder state and include any final bytes in the output.
+     */
+    static void encodeInternal(byte[] input, int offset, int len,
+                               final EncoderState estate, boolean finish) {
+        final boolean do_cr = estate.do_cr;
+        final boolean do_newline = estate.do_newline;
+        final boolean do_padding = estate.do_padding;
+        final byte[] output = estate.output;
+
+        int op = 0;
+
         int p = offset;
         len += offset;
-        while (p+3 <= len) {
-            int v = ((input[p++] & 0xff) << 16) |
-                ((input[p++] & 0xff) << 8) |
-                (input[p++] & 0xff);
-            output[op++] = encode[(v >> 18) & 0x3f];
-            output[op++] = encode[(v >> 12) & 0x3f];
-            output[op++] = encode[(v >> 6) & 0x3f];
-            output[op++] = encode[v & 0x3f];
+        int v = -1;
+        int count = estate.count;
+
+        // First we need to concatenate the tail of the previous call
+        // with any input bytes available now and see if we can empty
+        // the tail.
+
+        switch (estate.tailLen) {
+            case 0:
+                // There was no tail.
+                break;
+
+            case 1:
+                if (p+2 <= len) {
+                    // A 1-byte tail with at least 2 bytes of
+                    // input available now.
+                    v = ((estate.tail[0] & 0xff) << 16) |
+                        ((input[p++] & 0xff) << 8) |
+                        (input[p++] & 0xff);
+                    estate.tailLen = 0;
+                };
+                break;
+
+            case 2:
+                if (p+1 <= len) {
+                    // A 2-byte tail with at least 1 byte of input.
+                    v = ((estate.tail[0] & 0xff) << 16) |
+                        ((estate.tail[1] & 0xff) << 8) |
+                        (input[p++] & 0xff);
+                    estate.tailLen = 0;
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if (v != -1) {
+            output[op++] = estate.alphabet[(v >> 18) & 0x3f];
+            output[op++] = estate.alphabet[(v >> 12) & 0x3f];
+            output[op++] = estate.alphabet[(v >> 6) & 0x3f];
+            output[op++] = estate.alphabet[v & 0x3f];
             if (--count == 0) {
                 if (do_cr) output[op++] = '\r';
                 output[op++] = '\n';
@@ -466,38 +616,82 @@
             }
         }
 
-        // Finish up the tail of the input.
-        if (p == len-1) {
-            int v = (input[p] & 0xff) << 4;
-            output[op++] = encode[(v >> 6) & 0x3f];
-            output[op++] = encode[v & 0x3f];
-            if (do_padding) {
-                output[op++] = '=';
-                output[op++] = '=';
-            }
-            if (do_newline) {
+        // At this point either there is no tail, or there are fewer
+        // than 3 bytes of input available.
+
+        // The main loop, turning 3 input bytes into 4 output bytes on
+        // each iteration.
+        while (p+3 <= len) {
+            v = ((input[p++] & 0xff) << 16) |
+                ((input[p++] & 0xff) << 8) |
+                (input[p++] & 0xff);
+            output[op++] = estate.alphabet[(v >> 18) & 0x3f];
+            output[op++] = estate.alphabet[(v >> 12) & 0x3f];
+            output[op++] = estate.alphabet[(v >> 6) & 0x3f];
+            output[op++] = estate.alphabet[v & 0x3f];
+            if (--count == 0) {
                 if (do_cr) output[op++] = '\r';
                 output[op++] = '\n';
+                count = LINE_GROUPS;
             }
-        } else if (p == len-2) {
-            int v = ((input[p] & 0xff) << 10) | ((input[p+1] & 0xff) << 2);
-            output[op++] = encode[(v >> 12) & 0x3f];
-            output[op++] = encode[(v >> 6) & 0x3f];
-            output[op++] = encode[v & 0x3f];
-            if (do_padding) {
-                output[op++] = '=';
-            }
-            if (do_newline) {
-                if (do_cr) output[op++] = '\r';
-                output[op++] = '\n';
-            }
-        } else if (do_newline && op > 0 && count != LINE_GROUPS) {
-            if (do_cr) output[op++] = '\r';
-            output[op++] = '\n';
         }
 
-        assert op == output.length;
-        return output;
+        if (finish) {
+            // Finish up the tail of the input.  Note that we need to
+            // consume any bytes in estate.tail before any bytes
+            // remaining in input; there should be at most two bytes
+            // total.
+
+            if (p-estate.tailLen == len-1) {
+                int t = 0;
+                v = ((estate.tailLen > 0 ? estate.tail[t++] : input[p++]) & 0xff) << 4;
+                estate.tailLen -= t;
+                output[op++] = estate.alphabet[(v >> 6) & 0x3f];
+                output[op++] = estate.alphabet[v & 0x3f];
+                if (do_padding) {
+                    output[op++] = '=';
+                    output[op++] = '=';
+                }
+                if (do_newline) {
+                    if (do_cr) output[op++] = '\r';
+                    output[op++] = '\n';
+                }
+            } else if (p-estate.tailLen == len-2) {
+                int t = 0;
+                v = (((estate.tailLen > 1 ? estate.tail[t++] : input[p++]) & 0xff) << 10) |
+                    (((estate.tailLen > 0 ? estate.tail[t++] : input[p++]) & 0xff) << 2);
+                estate.tailLen -= t;
+                output[op++] = estate.alphabet[(v >> 12) & 0x3f];
+                output[op++] = estate.alphabet[(v >> 6) & 0x3f];
+                output[op++] = estate.alphabet[v & 0x3f];
+                if (do_padding) {
+                    output[op++] = '=';
+                }
+                if (do_newline) {
+                    if (do_cr) output[op++] = '\r';
+                    output[op++] = '\n';
+                }
+            } else if (do_newline && op > 0 && count != LINE_GROUPS) {
+                if (do_cr) output[op++] = '\r';
+                output[op++] = '\n';
+            }
+
+            assert estate.tailLen == 0;
+            assert p == len;
+        } else {
+            // Save the leftovers in tail to be consumed on the next
+            // call to encodeInternal.
+
+            if (p == len-1) {
+                estate.tail[estate.tailLen++] = input[p];
+            } else if (p == len-2) {
+                estate.tail[estate.tailLen++] = input[p];
+                estate.tail[estate.tailLen++] = input[p+1];
+            }
+        }
+
+        estate.op = op;
+        estate.count = count;
     }
 
     private Base64() { }   // don't instantiate
diff --git a/common/java/com/android/common/Base64OutputStream.java b/common/java/com/android/common/Base64OutputStream.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c37428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/java/com/android/common/Base64OutputStream.java
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.common;
+
+import java.io.FilterOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+/**
+ * An OutputStream that does either Base64 encoding or decoding on the
+ * data written to it, writing the resulting data to another
+ * OutputStream.
+ */
+public class Base64OutputStream extends FilterOutputStream {
+    private final boolean encode;
+    private final Base64.EncoderState estate;
+    private final Base64.DecoderState dstate;
+
+    private byte[] buffer = null;
+    private int bpos = 0;
+
+    private static byte[] EMPTY = new byte[0];
+
+    /**
+     * Performs Base64 encoding on the data written to the stream,
+     * writing the encoded data to another OutputStream.
+     *
+     * @param out the OutputStream to write the encoded data to
+     * @param flags bit flags for controlling the encoder; see the
+     *        constants in {@link Base64}
+     */
+    public Base64OutputStream(OutputStream out, int flags) {
+        this(out, flags, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs Base64 encoding or decoding on the data written to the
+     * stream, writing the encoded/decoded data to another
+     * OutputStream.
+     *
+     * @param out the OutputStream to write the encoded data to
+     * @param flags bit flags for controlling the encoder; see the
+     *        constants in {@link Base64}
+     * @param encode true to encode, false to decode
+     */
+    public Base64OutputStream(OutputStream out, int flags, boolean encode) {
+        super(out);
+        this.encode = encode;
+        if (encode) {
+            estate = new Base64.EncoderState(flags, null);
+            dstate = null;
+        } else {
+            estate = null;
+            dstate = new Base64.DecoderState(flags, null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void write(int b) throws IOException {
+        // To avoid invoking the encoder/decoder routines for single
+        // bytes, we buffer up calls to write(int) in an internal
+        // byte array to transform them into writes of decently-sized
+        // arrays.
+
+        if (buffer == null) {
+            buffer = new byte[1024];
+        }
+        if (bpos >= buffer.length) {
+            // internal buffer full; write it out.
+            internalWrite(buffer, 0, bpos, false);
+            bpos = 0;
+        }
+        buffer[bpos++] = (byte) b;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Flush any buffered data from calls to write(int).  Needed
+     * before doing a write(byte[], int, int) or a close().
+     */
+    private void flushBuffer() throws IOException {
+        if (bpos > 0) {
+            internalWrite(buffer, 0, bpos, false);
+            bpos = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+        if (len <= 0) return;
+        flushBuffer();
+        internalWrite(b, off, len, false);
+    }
+
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+        flushBuffer();
+        internalWrite(EMPTY, 0, 0, true);
+        out.close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write the given bytes to the encoder/decoder.
+     *
+     * @param finish true if this is the last batch of input, to cause
+     *        encoder/decoder state to be finalized.
+     */
+    private void internalWrite(byte[] b, int off, int len, boolean finish) throws IOException {
+        if (encode) {
+            // len*8/5+10 is an overestimate of the most bytes the
+            // encoder can produce for len bytes of input.
+            estate.output = embiggen(estate.output, len*8/5+10);
+            Base64.encodeInternal(b, off, len, estate, finish);
+            out.write(estate.output, 0, estate.op);
+        } else {
+            // len*3/4+10 is an overestimate of the most bytes the
+            // decoder can produce for len bytes of input.
+            dstate.output = embiggen(dstate.output, len*3/4+10);
+            if (!Base64.decodeInternal(b, off, len, dstate, finish)) {
+                throw new IOException("bad base-64");
+            }
+            out.write(dstate.output, 0, dstate.op);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If b.length is at least len, return b.  Otherwise return a new
+     * byte array of length len.
+     */
+    private byte[] embiggen(byte[] b, int len) {
+        if (b == null || b.length < len) {
+            return new byte[len];
+        } else {
+            return b;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/common/tests/src/com/android/common/Base64Test.java b/common/tests/src/com/android/common/Base64Test.java
index 5c9712a..e6b491f 100644
--- a/common/tests/src/com/android/common/Base64Test.java
+++ b/common/tests/src/com/android/common/Base64Test.java
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@
 
 import junit.framework.TestCase;
 
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.util.Random;
+
 public class Base64Test extends TestCase {
     private static final String TAG = "B64Test";
 
@@ -55,6 +58,22 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /** Assert that actual equals the first len bytes of expected. */
+    private void assertEquals(byte[] expected, int len, byte[] actual, int alen) {
+        assertEquals(len, alen);
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+            assertEquals(expected[i], actual[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Assert that actual equals the first len bytes of expected. */
+    private void assertEquals(byte[] expected, byte[] actual) {
+        assertEquals(expected.length, actual.length);
+        for (int i = 0; i < expected.length; ++i) {
+            assertEquals(expected[i], actual[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
     public void testDecodeExtraChars() throws Exception {
         // padding 0
         assertEquals("hello, world", decodeString("aGVsbG8sIHdvcmxk"));
@@ -205,4 +224,187 @@
         assertEquals(out_60.replaceAll("\n", ""), encodeToString(in_60, Base64.NO_WRAP));
         assertEquals(out_61.replaceAll("\n", ""), encodeToString(in_61, Base64.NO_WRAP));
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests that Base64.encodeInternal does correct handling of the
+     * tail for each call.
+     */
+    public void testEncodeInternal() throws Exception {
+        byte[] input = { (byte) 0x61, (byte) 0x62, (byte) 0x63 };
+        byte[] output = new byte[100];
+
+        Base64.EncoderState state = new Base64.EncoderState(Base64.NO_PADDING | Base64.NO_WRAP,
+                                                            output);
+
+        Base64.encodeInternal(input, 0, 3, state, false);
+        assertEquals("YWJj".getBytes(), 4, state.output, state.op);
+        assertEquals(0, state.tailLen);
+
+        Base64.encodeInternal(input, 0, 3, state, false);
+        assertEquals("YWJj".getBytes(), 4, state.output, state.op);
+        assertEquals(0, state.tailLen);
+
+        Base64.encodeInternal(input, 0, 1, state, false);
+        assertEquals(0, state.op);
+        assertEquals(1, state.tailLen);
+
+        Base64.encodeInternal(input, 0, 1, state, false);
+        assertEquals(0, state.op);
+        assertEquals(2, state.tailLen);
+
+        Base64.encodeInternal(input, 0, 1, state, false);
+        assertEquals("YWFh".getBytes(), 4, state.output, state.op);
+        assertEquals(0, state.tailLen);
+
+        Base64.encodeInternal(input, 0, 2, state, false);
+        assertEquals(0, state.op);
+        assertEquals(2, state.tailLen);
+
+        Base64.encodeInternal(input, 0, 2, state, false);
+        assertEquals("YWJh".getBytes(), 4, state.output, state.op);
+        assertEquals(1, state.tailLen);
+
+        Base64.encodeInternal(input, 0, 2, state, false);
+        assertEquals("YmFi".getBytes(), 4, state.output, state.op);
+        assertEquals(0, state.tailLen);
+
+        Base64.encodeInternal(input, 0, 1, state, true);
+        assertEquals("YQ".getBytes(), 2, state.output, state.op);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests that Base64OutputStream produces exactly the same results
+     * as calling Base64.encode/.decode on an in-memory array.
+     */
+    public void testOutputStream() throws Exception {
+        int[] flagses = { Base64.DEFAULT,
+                          Base64.NO_PADDING,
+                          Base64.NO_WRAP,
+                          Base64.NO_PADDING | Base64.NO_WRAP,
+                          Base64.CRLF,
+                          Base64.WEB_SAFE };
+        int[] writeLengths = { -10, -5, -1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 10, 100 };
+        Random rng = new Random(32176L);
+
+        // input needs to be at least 1024 bytes to test filling up
+        // the write(int) buffer.
+        byte[] input = ("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. " +
+                        "Quisque congue eleifend odio, eu ornare nulla facilisis eget. " +
+                        "Integer eget elit diam, sit amet laoreet nibh. Quisque enim " +
+                        "urna, pharetra vitae consequat eget, adipiscing eu ante. " +
+                        "Aliquam venenatis arcu nec nibh imperdiet tempor. In id dui " +
+                        "eget lorem aliquam rutrum vel vitae eros. In placerat ornare " +
+                        "pretium. Curabitur non fringilla mi. Fusce ultricies, turpis " +
+                        "eu ultrices suscipit, ligula nisi consectetur eros, dapibus " +
+                        "aliquet dui sapien a turpis. Donec ultricies varius ligula, " +
+                        "ut hendrerit arcu malesuada at. Praesent sed elit pretium " +
+                        "eros luctus gravida. In ac dolor lorem. Cras condimentum " +
+                        "convallis elementum. Phasellus vel felis in nulla ultrices " +
+                        "venenatis. Nam non tortor non orci convallis convallis. " +
+                        "Nam tristique lacinia hendrerit. Pellentesque habitant morbi " +
+                        "tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis " +
+                        "egestas. Vivamus cursus, nibh eu imperdiet porta, magna " +
+                        "ipsum mollis mauris, sit amet fringilla mi nisl eu mi. " +
+                        "Phasellus posuere, leo at ultricies vehicula, massa risus " +
+                        "volutpat sapien, eu tincidunt diam ipsum eget nulla. Cras " +
+                        "molestie dapibus commodo. Ut vel tellus at massa gravida " +
+                        "semper non sed orci.").getBytes();
+
+        for (int f = 0; f < flagses.length; ++f) {
+            int flags = flagses[f];
+
+            byte[] expected = Base64.encode(input, flags);
+
+            ByteArrayOutputStream baos;
+            Base64OutputStream b64os;
+            byte[] actual;
+            int p;
+
+            // ----- test encoding ("input" -> "expected") -----
+
+            // one large write(byte[]) of the whole input
+            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+            b64os = new Base64OutputStream(baos, flags);
+            b64os.write(input);
+            b64os.close();
+            actual = baos.toByteArray();
+            assertEquals(expected, actual);
+
+            // many calls to write(int)
+            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+            b64os = new Base64OutputStream(baos, flags);
+            for (int i = 0; i < input.length; ++i) {
+                b64os.write(input[i]);
+            }
+            b64os.close();
+            actual = baos.toByteArray();
+            assertEquals(expected, actual);
+
+            // intermixed sequences of write(int) with
+            // write(byte[],int,int) of various lengths.
+            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+            b64os = new Base64OutputStream(baos, flags);
+            p = 0;
+            while (p < input.length) {
+                int l = writeLengths[rng.nextInt(writeLengths.length)];
+                l = Math.min(l, input.length-p);
+                if (l >= 0) {
+                    b64os.write(input, p, l);
+                    p += l;
+                } else {
+                    l = Math.min(-l, input.length-p);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < l; ++i) {
+                        b64os.write(input[p+i]);
+                    }
+                    p += l;
+                }
+            }
+            b64os.close();
+            actual = baos.toByteArray();
+            assertEquals(expected, actual);
+
+            // ----- test decoding ("expected" -> "input") -----
+
+            // one large write(byte[]) of the whole input
+            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+            b64os = new Base64OutputStream(baos, flags, false);
+            b64os.write(expected);
+            b64os.close();
+            actual = baos.toByteArray();
+            assertEquals(input, actual);
+
+            // many calls to write(int)
+            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+            b64os = new Base64OutputStream(baos, flags, false);
+            for (int i = 0; i < expected.length; ++i) {
+                b64os.write(expected[i]);
+            }
+            b64os.close();
+            actual = baos.toByteArray();
+            assertEquals(input, actual);
+
+            // intermixed sequences of write(int) with
+            // write(byte[],int,int) of various lengths.
+            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+            b64os = new Base64OutputStream(baos, flags, false);
+            p = 0;
+            while (p < expected.length) {
+                int l = writeLengths[rng.nextInt(writeLengths.length)];
+                l = Math.min(l, expected.length-p);
+                if (l >= 0) {
+                    b64os.write(expected, p, l);
+                    p += l;
+                } else {
+                    l = Math.min(-l, expected.length-p);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < l; ++i) {
+                        b64os.write(expected[p+i]);
+                    }
+                    p += l;
+                }
+            }
+            b64os.close();
+            actual = baos.toByteArray();
+            assertEquals(input, actual);
+        }
+    }
 }