| ndk=true |
| page.template=sdk |
| page.title=NDK Downloads |
| |
| @jd:body |
| |
| |
| <!-- start studio download modal --> |
| <div data-modal="ndk_tos" class="dac-modal" id="ndk_tos"> |
| <div class="dac-modal-container"> |
| <div class="dac-modal-window"> |
| <header class="dac-modal-header"> |
| <div class="dac-modal-header-actions"> |
| <button class="dac-modal-header-close" data-modal-toggle></button> |
| </div> |
| <section class="dac-swap-section dac-active dac-down"> |
| <h2 class="norule dac-modal-header-title" id="tos-header">Download the Android NDK</h2> |
| </section> |
| </header> |
| <section class="dac-swap-section dac-active dac-left"> |
| <section class="dac-modal-content"> |
| <fieldset class="dac-form-fieldset"> |
| <div class="cols"> |
| <div class="col-2of2 tos-leftCol"> |
| <p class="sdk-terms-intro">Before installing the Android |
| NDK, |
| you must agree to the following terms |
| and conditions.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sdk-terms" style="width:auto" onfocus="this.blur()"> |
| <h2 class="norule">Terms and Conditions</h2> |
| This is the Android Software Development Kit License Agreement |
| |
| <h3>1. Introduction</h3> |
| 1.1 The Android Software Development Kit (referred to in the License Agreement as the "SDK" and |
| specifically including the Android system files, packaged APIs, and Google APIs add-ons) is |
| licensed to you subject to the terms of the License Agreement. The License Agreement forms a |
| legally binding contract between you and Google in relation to your use of the SDK. |
| |
| 1.2 "Android" means the Android software stack for devices, as made available under the Android |
| Open Source Project, which is located at the following URL: http://source.android.com/, as updated |
| from time to time. |
| |
| 1.3 A "compatible implementation" means any Android device that (i) complies with the Android |
| Compatibility Definition document, which can be found at the Android compatibility website |
| (http://source.android.com/compatibility) and which may be updated from time to time; and (ii) |
| successfully passes the Android Compatibility Test Suite (CTS). |
| |
| 1.4 "Google" means Google Inc., a Delaware corporation with principal place of business at 1600 |
| Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States. |
| |
| |
| <h3>2. Accepting this License Agreement</h3> |
| 2.1 In order to use the SDK, you must first agree to the License Agreement. You may not use the SDK |
| if you do not accept the License Agreement. |
| |
| 2.2 By clicking to accept, you hereby agree to the terms of the License Agreement. |
| |
| 2.3 You may not use the SDK and may not accept the License Agreement if you are a person barred |
| from receiving the SDK under the laws of the United States or other countries, including the |
| country in which you are resident or from which you use the SDK. |
| |
| 2.4 If you are agreeing to be bound by the License Agreement on behalf of your employer or other |
| entity, you represent and warrant that you have full legal authority to bind your employer or such |
| entity to the License Agreement. If you do not have the requisite authority, you may not accept the |
| License Agreement or use the SDK on behalf of your employer or other entity. |
| |
| |
| <h3>3. SDK License from Google</h3> |
| 3.1 Subject to the terms of the License Agreement, Google grants you a limited, worldwide, |
| royalty-free, non-assignable, non-exclusive, and non-sublicensable license to use the SDK solely to |
| develop applications for compatible implementations of Android. |
| |
| 3.2 You may not use this SDK to develop applications for other platforms (including non-compatible |
| implementations of Android) or to develop another SDK. You are of course free to develop |
| applications for other platforms, including non-compatible implementations of Android, provided |
| that this SDK is not used for that purpose. |
| |
| 3.3 You agree that Google or third parties own all legal right, title and interest in and to the |
| SDK, including any Intellectual Property Rights that subsist in the SDK. "Intellectual Property |
| Rights" means any and all rights under patent law, copyright law, trade secret law, trademark law, |
| and any and all other proprietary rights. Google reserves all rights not expressly granted to you. |
| |
| 3.4 You may not use the SDK for any purpose not expressly permitted by the License Agreement. |
| Except to the extent required by applicable third party licenses, you may not: (a) copy (except for |
| backup purposes), modify, adapt, redistribute, decompile, reverse engineer, disassemble, or create |
| derivative works of the SDK or any part of the SDK; or (b) load any part of the SDK onto a mobile |
| handset or any other hardware device except a personal computer, combine any part of the SDK with |
| other software, or distribute any software or device incorporating a part of the SDK. |
| |
| 3.5 Use, reproduction and distribution of components of the SDK licensed under an open source |
| software license are governed solely by the terms of that open source software license and not the |
| License Agreement. |
| |
| 3.6 You agree that the form and nature of the SDK that Google provides may change without prior |
| notice to you and that future versions of the SDK may be incompatible with applications developed |
| on previous versions of the SDK. You agree that Google may stop (permanently or temporarily) |
| providing the SDK (or any features within the SDK) to you or to users generally at Google's sole |
| discretion, without prior notice to you. |
| |
| 3.7 Nothing in the License Agreement gives you a right to use any of Google's trade names, |
| trademarks, service marks, logos, domain names, or other distinctive brand features. |
| |
| 3.8 You agree that you will not remove, obscure, or alter any proprietary rights notices (including |
| copyright and trademark notices) that may be affixed to or contained within the SDK. |
| |
| |
| <h3>4. Use of the SDK by You</h3> |
| 4.1 Google agrees that it obtains no right, title or interest from you (or your licensors) under |
| the License Agreement in or to any software applications that you develop using the SDK, including |
| any intellectual property rights that subsist in those applications. |
| |
| 4.2 You agree to use the SDK and write applications only for purposes that are permitted by (a) the |
| License Agreement and (b) any applicable law, regulation or generally accepted practices or |
| guidelines in the relevant jurisdictions (including any laws regarding the export of data or |
| software to and from the United States or other relevant countries). |
| |
| 4.3 You agree that if you use the SDK to develop applications for general public users, you will |
| protect the privacy and legal rights of those users. If the users provide you with user names, |
| passwords, or other login information or personal information, you must make the users aware that |
| the information will be available to your application, and you must provide legally adequate |
| privacy notice and protection for those users. If your application stores personal or sensitive |
| information provided by users, it must do so securely. If the user provides your application with |
| Google Account information, your application may only use that information to access the user's |
| Google Account when, and for the limited purposes for which, the user has given you permission to |
| do so. |
| |
| 4.4 You agree that you will not engage in any activity with the SDK, including the development or |
| distribution of an application, that interferes with, disrupts, damages, or accesses in an |
| unauthorized manner the servers, networks, or other properties or services of any third party |
| including, but not limited to, Google or any mobile communications carrier. |
| |
| 4.5 You agree that you are solely responsible for (and that Google has no responsibility to you or |
| to any third party for) any data, content, or resources that you create, transmit or display |
| through Android and/or applications for Android, and for the consequences of your actions |
| (including any loss or damage which Google may suffer) by doing so. |
| |
| 4.6 You agree that you are solely responsible for (and that Google has no responsibility to you or |
| to any third party for) any breach of your obligations under the License Agreement, any applicable |
| third party contract or Terms of Service, or any applicable law or regulation, and for the |
| consequences (including any loss or damage which Google or any third party may suffer) of any such |
| breach. |
| |
| |
| <h3>5. Your Developer Credentials</h3> |
| 5.1 You agree that you are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of any developer |
| credentials that may be issued to you by Google or which you may choose yourself and that you will |
| be solely responsible for all applications that are developed under your developer credentials. |
| |
| |
| <h3>6. Privacy and Information</h3> |
| 6.1 In order to continually innovate and improve the SDK, Google may collect certain usage |
| statistics from the software including but not limited to a unique identifier, associated IP |
| address, version number of the software, and information on which tools and/or services in the SDK |
| are being used and how they are being used. Before any of this information is collected, the SDK |
| will notify you and seek your consent. If you withhold consent, the information will not be |
| collected. |
| |
| 6.2 The data collected is examined in the aggregate to improve the SDK and is maintained in |
| accordance with Google's Privacy Policy. |
| |
| |
| <h3>7. Third Party Applications</h3> |
| 7.1 If you use the SDK to run applications developed by a third party or that access data, content |
| or resources provided by a third party, you agree that Google is not responsible for those |
| applications, data, content, or resources. You understand that all data, content or resources which |
| you may access through such third party applications are the sole responsibility of the person from |
| which they originated and that Google is not liable for any loss or damage that you may experience |
| as a result of the use or access of any of those third party applications, data, content, or |
| resources. |
| |
| 7.2 You should be aware the data, content, and resources presented to you through such a third |
| party application may be protected by intellectual property rights which are owned by the providers |
| (or by other persons or companies on their behalf). You may not modify, rent, lease, loan, sell, |
| distribute or create derivative works based on these data, content, or resources (either in whole |
| or in part) unless you have been specifically given permission to do so by the relevant owners. |
| |
| 7.3 You acknowledge that your use of such third party applications, data, content, or resources may |
| be subject to separate terms between you and the relevant third party. In that case, the License |
| Agreement does not affect your legal relationship with these third parties. |
| |
| |
| <h3>8. Using Android APIs</h3> |
| 8.1 Google Data APIs |
| |
| 8.1.1 If you use any API to retrieve data from Google, you acknowledge that the data may be |
| protected by intellectual property rights which are owned by Google or those parties that provide |
| the data (or by other persons or companies on their behalf). Your use of any such API may be |
| subject to additional Terms of Service. You may not modify, rent, lease, loan, sell, distribute or |
| create derivative works based on this data (either in whole or in part) unless allowed by the |
| relevant Terms of Service. |
| |
| 8.1.2 If you use any API to retrieve a user's data from Google, you acknowledge and agree that you |
| shall retrieve data only with the user's explicit consent and only when, and for the limited |
| purposes for which, the user has given you permission to do so. |
| |
| |
| <h3>9. Terminating this License Agreement</h3> |
| 9.1 The License Agreement will continue to apply until terminated by either you or Google as set |
| out below. |
| |
| 9.2 If you want to terminate the License Agreement, you may do so by ceasing your use of the SDK |
| and any relevant developer credentials. |
| |
| 9.3 Google may at any time, terminate the License Agreement with you if: |
| (A) you have breached any provision of the License Agreement; or |
| (B) Google is required to do so by law; or |
| (C) the partner with whom Google offered certain parts of SDK (such as APIs) to you has terminated |
| its relationship with Google or ceased to offer certain parts of the SDK to you; or |
| (D) Google decides to no longer provide the SDK or certain parts of the SDK to users in the country |
| in which you are resident or from which you use the service, or the provision of the SDK or certain |
| SDK services to you by Google is, in Google's sole discretion, no longer commercially viable. |
| |
| 9.4 When the License Agreement comes to an end, all of the legal rights, obligations and |
| liabilities that you and Google have benefited from, been subject to (or which have accrued over |
| time whilst the License Agreement has been in force) or which are expressed to continue |
| indefinitely, shall be unaffected by this cessation, and the provisions of paragraph 14.7 shall |
| continue to apply to such rights, obligations and liabilities indefinitely. |
| |
| |
| <h3>10. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES</h3> |
| 10.1 YOU EXPRESSLY UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT YOUR USE OF THE SDK IS AT YOUR SOLE RISK AND THAT THE |
| SDK IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND "AS AVAILABLE" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND FROM GOOGLE. |
| |
| 10.2 YOUR USE OF THE SDK AND ANY MATERIAL DOWNLOADED OR OTHERWISE OBTAINED THROUGH THE USE OF THE |
| SDK IS AT YOUR OWN DISCRETION AND RISK AND YOU ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGE TO YOUR |
| COMPUTER SYSTEM OR OTHER DEVICE OR LOSS OF DATA THAT RESULTS FROM SUCH USE. |
| |
| 10.3 GOOGLE FURTHER EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS |
| OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY, |
| FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. |
| |
| |
| <h3>11. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY</h3> |
| 11.1 YOU EXPRESSLY UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT GOOGLE, ITS SUBSIDIARIES AND AFFILIATES, AND ITS |
| LICENSORS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU UNDER ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, |
| INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES THAT MAY BE INCURRED BY YOU, INCLUDING ANY |
| LOSS OF DATA, WHETHER OR NOT GOOGLE OR ITS REPRESENTATIVES HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF OR SHOULD HAVE BEEN |
| AWARE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH LOSSES ARISING. |
| |
| |
| <h3>12. Indemnification</h3> |
| 12.1 To the maximum extent permitted by law, you agree to defend, indemnify and hold harmless |
| Google, its affiliates and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents from and |
| against any and all claims, actions, suits or proceedings, as well as any and all losses, |
| liabilities, damages, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys fees) arising out of or |
| accruing from (a) your use of the SDK, (b) any application you develop on the SDK that infringes |
| any copyright, trademark, trade secret, trade dress, patent or other intellectual property right of |
| any person or defames any person or violates their rights of publicity or privacy, and (c) any |
| non-compliance by you with the License Agreement. |
| |
| |
| <h3>13. Changes to the License Agreement</h3> |
| 13.1 Google may make changes to the License Agreement as it distributes new versions of the SDK. |
| When these changes are made, Google will make a new version of the License Agreement available on |
| the website where the SDK is made available. |
| |
| |
| <h3>14. General Legal Terms</h3> |
| 14.1 The License Agreement constitutes the whole legal agreement between you and Google and governs |
| your use of the SDK (excluding any services which Google may provide to you under a separate |
| written agreement), and completely replaces any prior agreements between you and Google in relation |
| to the SDK. |
| |
| 14.2 You agree that if Google does not exercise or enforce any legal right or remedy which is |
| contained in the License Agreement (or which Google has the benefit of under any applicable law), |
| this will not be taken to be a formal waiver of Google's rights and that those rights or remedies |
| will still be available to Google. |
| |
| 14.3 If any court of law, having the jurisdiction to decide on this matter, rules that any |
| provision of the License Agreement is invalid, then that provision will be removed from the License |
| Agreement without affecting the rest of the License Agreement. The remaining provisions of the |
| License Agreement will continue to be valid and enforceable. |
| |
| 14.4 You acknowledge and agree that each member of the group of companies of which Google is the |
| parent shall be third party beneficiaries to the License Agreement and that such other companies |
| shall be entitled to directly enforce, and rely upon, any provision of the License Agreement that |
| confers a benefit on (or rights in favor of) them. Other than this, no other person or company |
| shall be third party beneficiaries to the License Agreement. |
| |
| 14.5 EXPORT RESTRICTIONS. THE SDK IS SUBJECT TO UNITED STATES EXPORT LAWS AND REGULATIONS. YOU MUST |
| COMPLY WITH ALL DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL EXPORT LAWS AND REGULATIONS THAT APPLY TO THE SDK. THESE |
| LAWS INCLUDE RESTRICTIONS ON DESTINATIONS, END USERS AND END USE. |
| |
| 14.6 The rights granted in the License Agreement may not be assigned or transferred by either you |
| or Google without the prior written approval of the other party. Neither you nor Google shall be |
| permitted to delegate their responsibilities or obligations under the License Agreement without the |
| prior written approval of the other party. |
| |
| 14.7 The License Agreement, and your relationship with Google under the License Agreement, shall be |
| governed by the laws of the State of California without regard to its conflict of laws provisions. |
| You and Google agree to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts located within the |
| county of Santa Clara, California to resolve any legal matter arising from the License Agreement. |
| Notwithstanding this, you agree that Google shall still be allowed to apply for injunctive remedies |
| (or an equivalent type of urgent legal relief) in any jurisdiction. |
| |
| <em>November 20, 2015</em> |
| </div> |
| |
| |
| |
| <div id="sdk-terms-form"> |
| <p> |
| <input id="agree" type="checkbox" name="agree" value="1" onclick="onAgreeChecked()" /> |
| <label id="agreeLabel" for="agree">I have read and agree with the above terms and conditions</label> |
| </p> |
| <p><a href="" class="button disabled" id="downloadForRealz" onclick="return onDownloadForRealz(this);"></a></p> |
| </div> |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </fieldset> |
| </section> |
| </form> |
| </section> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <!-- end ndk_tos modal --> |
| |
| |
| <p>Select, from the table above, the NDK package for your development platform. For information |
| about the changes in the newest version of the NDK, see <a href="#rel">Release Notes</a>. For |
| information about earlier revisions, see <a href="{@docRoot}ndk/downloads/revision_history.html"> |
| NDK Revision History.</a></p> |
| |
| |
| <script> |
| $('#Downloads').after($('#download-table')); |
| </script> |
| |
| <h2 id="rel">Release Notes</h2> |
| |
| <p> |
| Android NDK, Revision 12 <em>(June 2016)</em> |
| </p> |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt> |
| Announcements |
| </dt> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>The <code>ndk-build</code> command will default to using |
| Clang in an upcoming release. GCC will be removed in a later release. |
| </li> |
| <li>The <code>make-standalone-toolchain.sh</code> script will be removed |
| in an upcoming release. If you use this script, please plan to migrate to the |
| <code>make_standalone_toolchain.py</code> as soon as possible. |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <dt> |
| NDK |
| </dt> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>Removed support for the armeabi-v7a-hard ABI. See the explanation in the |
| <a href= |
| "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/ndk/+/ndk-r12-release/docs/HardFloatAbi.md"> |
| documentation</a>. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Removed all sysroots for platform levels prior to Android 2.3 (API level 9). |
| We dropped support for them in NDK r11, but neglected to actually remove them. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Updated exception handling when using c++_shared on ARM32 so that it |
| mostly works (see <a href="#known-issues">Known Issues</a>). The unwinder |
| is now linked into each linked object rather than into libc++ itself. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Pruned the default compiler flags (<a href= |
| "https://github.com/android-ndk/ndk/issues/27">NDK Issue 27</a>). You can see |
| details of this update in <a href= |
| "https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/207721/5">Change 207721</a>. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Added a Python implementation of standalone toolchains in <code> |
| build/tools/make_standalone_toolchain.py</code>. On Windows, you no longer |
| need Cygwin to use this feature. Note that the bash flavor will be removed |
| in an upcoming release, so please test the new one now. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Configured Clang debug builds to have the <code>-fno-limit-debug-info</code> |
| option is enabled by default. This change enables better debugging with LLDB. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Enabled the <code>--build-id</code> as a default option. This option |
| causes an identifier to be shown in native crash reports so you can easily |
| identify which version of your code was running. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Fixed issue with <code>NDK_USE_CYGPATH</code> so that it no longer causes |
| problems with libgcc |
| (<a href="http://b.android.com/195486">Issue 195486</a>). |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Enabled the following options as default: |
| <code>-Wl,--warn-shared-textrel</code> and <code>-Wl,--fatal-warnings</code>. |
| If you have shared text relocations, your app does not load on Android 6.0 |
| (API level 23) and higher. Note that this configuration has never been |
| allowed for 64-bit apps. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Fixed a few issues so that precompiled headers work better |
| (<a href="https://github.com/android-ndk/ndk/issues/14">NDK Issue 14</a>, |
| <a href="https://github.com/android-ndk/ndk/issues/16">NDK Issue 16</a>). |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Removed unreachable ARM (non-thumb) STL libraries. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Added Vulkan support to android-24. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Added Choreographer API to android-24. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Added libcamera2 APIs for devices that support the |
| <code>INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL_LIMITED</code> feature level or higher. |
| For more information, see the |
| <a href="{@docRoot}reference/android/hardware/camera2/CameraCharacteristics.html#INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL"> |
| <code>CameraCharacteristics</code></a> reference. |
| </li> |
| |
| </ul> |
| |
| <dt> |
| Clang |
| </dt> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>Clang has been updated to 3.8svn (r256229, build 2812033). Note that |
| Clang packaged in the Windows 64-bit NDK is actually 32-bit. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Fixed <code>__thread</code> so that it works for real this time. |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <dt> |
| GCC |
| </dt> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>Synchronized the compiler with the ChromeOS GCC @ google/gcc-4_9 r227810. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Backported coverage sanitizer patch from ToT (r231296). |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Fixed <code>libatomic</code> to not use ifuncs (<a href= |
| "https://github.com/android-ndk/ndk/issues/31">NDK Issue 31</a>). |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <dt> |
| Binutils |
| </dt> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>Silenced the "Erratum 843419 found and fixed" info messages. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Introduced option <code>--long-plt</code> to fix an internal linker error |
| when linking huge arm32 binaries. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Fixed wrong run time stubs for <code>AArch64</code>. This problem was |
| causing jump addresses to be calculated incorrectly for very large |
| dynamic shared objects (DSOs). |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Introduced default option <code>--no-apply-dynamic</code> to work around |
| a dynamic linker bug for earlier Android releases. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Fixed a known issue with NDK r11 where <code>dynamic_cast</code> was not |
| working with Clang, x86, stlport_static and optimization. |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <dt> |
| GDB |
| </dt> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>Updated to GDB version 7.11. For more information about this release, see |
| <a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/news/">GDB News</a>. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Fixed a number of bugs in the <code>ndk-gdb.py</code> script. |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <dt id="known-issues"> |
| Known Issues |
| </dt> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>The x86 <a href="http://source.android.com/devices/tech/debug/asan.html">Address |
| Sanitizer</a> (ASAN) currently does not work. For more information, see |
| <a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/186276/">Issue 186276</a>. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Exception unwinding with <code>c++_shared</code> does not work for ARM on |
| Android 2.3 (API level 9) or Android 4.0 (API level 14). |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>Bionic headers and libraries for Android 6.0 (API level 23) and higher |
| are not yet exposed despite the presence of android-24. Those platforms still |
| have the Android 5.0 (API level 21) headers and libraries, which is consistent |
| with NDK r11. |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>The RenderScript tools are not present, which is consistent with |
| NDK r11. |
| (<a href="https://github.com/android-ndk/ndk/issues/7">NDK Issue 7</a>) |
| </li> |
| |
| <li>In <code>NdkCameraMetadataTags.h</code> header file, the camera metadata |
| tag enum value <code>ACAMERA_STATISTICS_LENS_SHADING_CORRECTION_MAP</code> |
| was listed by accident and will be removed in next release. Use |
| the <code>ACAMERA_STATISTICS_LENS_SHADING_MAP</code> value instead. |
| </li> |
| |
| </ul> |
| |
| </dl> |