tests/sh.test - platform/external/toybox - Git at Google

 #!/bin/echo no

 # Testing shell corner cases _within_ a shell script is kind of hard.

 [ -f testing.sh ] && . testing.sh

 # TODO make fake pty wrapper for test infrastructure

 #testing "name" "command" "result" "infile" "stdin"

 # texpect "name" "command" E/O/I"string"

 # Use "bash" name for host, "sh" for toybox
 [ -z "$SH" ] && { [ -z "$TEST_HOST" ] && SH="sh" || export SH="bash" ; }
 # Prompt changes for root/normal user
 [ $(id -u) -eq 0 ] && P='# ' || P='$ '
 # run sufficiently isolated shell child process to get predictable results
 SS="env -i PATH=${PATH@Q} PS1='\\$ ' $SH --noediting --noprofile --norc -is"

 shxpect() {
   X="$1"
   shift
   txpect "$X" "$SS" E"$P" "$@" X0
 }

 shxpect "prompt and exit" I$'exit\n'
 shxpect "prompt and echo" I$'echo hello\n' O$'hello\n' E"$P"
 shxpect "redirect err" I$'echo > /dev/full\n' E E"$P"
 shxpect "wait for <(exit)" I$'cat <(echo hello 1>&2)\n' E$'hello\n' E"$P"

 # Test the sh -c stuff before changing EVAL
 testing '-c "" exit status 0' '$SH -c "" && echo $?' '0\n' '' ''
 testing '-c args' "\$SH -c 'echo \$0,\$1,\$2,\$3' one two three four five" \
   "one,two,three,four\n" "" ""
 testing '-c args2' "\$SH -c 'echo \${10}' a b c d e f g h i j k l" "k\n" "" ""
 testing '-c arg split' \
   "$SH -c 'for i in a\"\$@\"b;do echo =\$i=;done;echo \$0' 123 456 789" \
   "=a456=\n=789b=\n123\n" "" ""
 testing '-c arg count' "$SH -c 'echo \$#' 9 8 7 6 1 2 3 4" "7\n" "" ""
 testing "exec3" '$C -c "{ exec readlink /proc/self/fd/0;} < /proc/self/exe"' \
   "$(readlink -f $C)\n" "" ""
 testing 'arg shift' "$SH -c '"'for i in "" 2 1 1 1; do echo $? $1; shift $i; done'"' one two three four five" \
   "0 two\n0 three\n0 five\n0\n1\n" "" ""

 # The bash man page is lying when it says $_ starts with an absolute path.
 ln -s $(which $SH) bash
 testing 'non-absolute $_' "./bash -c 'echo \$_'" './bash\n' '' ''
 rm bash

 testing 'exec exitval' "$SH -c 'exec echo hello' && echo \$?" "hello\n0\n" "" ""
 testing 'simple script' '$SH input' 'input\n' 'echo $0' ''
 testing 'simple script2' '$SH ./input two;echo $?' './input+two\n42\n' \
   '\necho $0+$1\n\nexit 42' ''
 testing '$LINENO 1' "$SH input" "1\n" 'echo $LINENO' ''

 mkdir sub
 echo echo hello > sub/script
 testing 'simple script in $PATH' "PATH='$PWD/sub:$PATH' $SH script" \
   'hello\n' '' ''
 rm -rf sub

 testing "script file" "chmod +x input; ./input" "hello\n" "#!$C\necho hello" ""

 testing 'IFS $*' "$SH -c 'IFS=xy; echo \"\$*\"' one two tyree" "twoxtyree\n" \
   "" ""

 testing 'default exports' \
   "env -i \"$(which $SH)\" --noprofile --norc -c env | sort" \
   "PWD=$(pwd)\nSHLVL=1\n_=$(which env)\n" "" ""

 # Change EVAL to call sh -c for us, using "bash" explicitly for the host.
 export EVAL="$SH -c"

 testing "smoketest" "echo hello" "hello\n" "" ""
 testing "eval" "eval echo hello" "hello\n" "" ""
 testing "eval2" "eval 'echo hello'; echo $?" "hello\n0\n" "" ""
 testing "eval3" 'X="echo hello"; eval "$X"' "hello\n" "" ""
 testing "eval4" 'eval printf '=%s=' \" hello \"' "= hello =" "" ""
 NOSPACE=1 testing "eval5" 'eval echo \" hello \" | wc' ' 1 1 8' "" ""
 testing "exec" "exec echo hello" "hello\n" "" ""
 testing "exec2" "exec echo hello; echo $?" "hello\n" "" ""

 # ; | && ||
 testing "semicolon" "echo one;echo two" "one\ntwo\n" "" ""
 testing "simple pipe" "echo hello | cat" "hello\n" "" ""
 testing "&&" "true && echo hello" "hello\n" "" ""
 testing "&&2" "false && echo hello" "" "" ""
 testing "||" "true || echo hello" "" "" ""
 testing "||2" "false || echo hello" "hello\n" "" ""
 testing "&& ||" "true && false && potato || echo hello" "hello\n" "" ""

 # redirection

 testing "redir1" "cat < input" "hello\n" "hello\n" ""
 testing "redir2" "echo blah >out; cat out" "blah\n" "" ""
 testing "redir3" "echo more >>out; cat out" "blah\nmore\n" "" ""
 testing "redir4" "touch /not/exist 2>out||grep -o /not/exist out" \
   "/not/exist\n" "" ""
 testing "redir5" "ls out /not/exist &> out2 || wc -l < out2" "2\n" "" ""
 testing "redir6" "ls out /not/exist &>>-abc || wc -l < ./-abc" "2\n" "" ""
 testing "redir7" "ls out /not/exist |& wc -l" "2\n" "" ""
 testing "redir8" 'echo -n $(<input)' "boing" "boing\n" ""
 shxpect "redir9" I$'echo hello > out 2>/does/not/exist\n' E E"$P" \
   I$'wc -l < out\n' O$'0\n'
 testing "redir10" 'echo hello 3<&3' "hello\n" "" ""
 testing "redir11" 'if :;then echo one;fi {abc}<input; cat <&$abc' \
   "one\npotato\n" "potato\n" ""
 rm -f out out2 ./-abc

 # expansion

 testing "tilde expansion" "echo ~" "$HOME\n" "" ""
 testing "tilde2" "echo ~/dir" "$HOME/dir\n" "" ""
 testing "bracket expansion" \
   "echo {A{a,b}B{c,d}C}" "{AaBcC} {AaBdC} {AbBcC} {AbBdC}\n" "" ""
 testing "brackets2" "echo {A{a,b}B{c,d}C,D}" "AaBcC AaBdC AbBcC AbBdC D\n" "" ""
 testing "brackets3" 'echo {A"b,c"D}' "{Ab,cD}\n" "" ""
 testing "brackets4" 'echo {A"bc",D}' "Abc D\n" "" ""
 testing "brackets5" 'echo {A,B,C' "{A,B,C\n" "" ""
 testing "brackets6" 'echo {{{{A,B},C}D},E}' "{AD} {BD} {CD} E\n" "" ""
 testing "brackets7" 'echo {{{a,b},c,{d,e}},f}' "a b c d e f\n" "" ""
 testing "brackets8" 'echo A{a{b,c{B,C}D}d{e,f},g{h,i}j}E' \
   "AabdeE AabdfE AacBDdeE AacBDdfE AacCDdeE AacCDdfE AghjE AgijE\n" "" ""
 testing "brackets9" 'echo A{B{C,D}E{N,O},F{G,H}I}J{K,L}M' \
   "ABCENJKM ABCENJLM ABCEOJKM ABCEOJLM ABDENJKM ABDENJLM ABDEOJKM ABDEOJLM AFGIJKM AFGIJLM AFHIJKM AFHIJLM\n" "" ""
 for i in /root /var/root /; do [ -e $i ] && EXPECT=$i && break; done
 testing "bracket+tilde" "echo {~,~root}/pwd" "$HOME/pwd $EXPECT/pwd\n" "" ""

 #testing "backtick1" 'X=fred; echo `echo $x`' 'fred\n' "" ""
 #testing "backtick2" 'X=fred; echo `x=y; echo $x`' 'y\n' "" ""
 testing '$(( ) )' 'echo ab$((echo hello) | tr e x)cd' "abhxllocd\n" "" ""

 # Loops and flow control
 testing "case" 'for i in A C J B; do case "$i" in A) echo got A ;; B) echo and B ;; C) echo then C ;; *) echo default ;; esac; done' \
   "got A\nthen C\ndefault\nand B\n" "" ""

 testing "continue" 'for i in a b c; do for j in d e f; do echo $i $j; continue 2; done; done' \
   "a d\nb d\nc d\n" "" ""

 # <glinda>A variable occurred</glinda>

 testing "expand" 'echo $PWD' "$(pwd)\n" "" ""
 testing "expand2" 'echo "$PWD"' "$(pwd)\n" "" ""
 testing "expand3" 'echo "$"PWD' '$PWD\n' "" ""
 testing "expand4" 'P=x; echo "$P"WD' 'xWD\n' "" ""
 testing "dequote" "echo one 'two' ''three 'fo'ur '\\'" \
   'one two three four \\\n' '' ''

 testing "leading variable assignment" 'abc=def env | grep ^abc=; echo $abc' \
   "abc=def\n\n" "" ""
 testing "leading variable assignments" \
   "abc=def ghi=jkl env | egrep '^(abc|ghi)=' | sort; echo \$abc \$ghi" \
   "abc=def\nghi=jkl\n\n" "" ""
 testing "leading assignment fail" "1blah=123 echo hello 2>/dev/null || echo no"\
   "no\n" "" ""

 testing "{1..5}" "echo {1..5}" "1 2 3 4 5\n" "" ""
 testing "{5..1}" "echo {5..1}" "5 4 3 2 1\n" "" ""
 testing "{5..1..2}" "echo {5..1..2}" "5 3 1\n" "" ""
 testing "{a..z..-3}" "echo {a..z..-3}" "a d g j m p s v y\n" "" ""

 #$ IFS=x X=xyxz; for i in abc${X}def; do echo =$i=; done
 #=abc=
 #=y=
 #=zdef=

 testing "IFS whitespace before/after" \
   'IFS=" x"; A=" x " B=" x" C="x " D=x E="   "; for i in $A $B $C $D L$A L$B L$C L$D $A= $B= $C= $D= L$A= L$B= L$C= L$D=; do echo -n {$i}; done' \
   "{}{}{}{}{L}{L}{L}{L}{}{=}{}{=}{}{=}{}{=}{L}{=}{L}{=}{L}{=}{L}{=}" "" ""
 testing "quotes and whitespace" \
   'A="   abc   def   "; for i in ""$A""; do echo =$i=; done' \
   "==\n=abc=\n=def=\n==\n" "" ""
 testing "quotes and whitespace2" \
   'A="   abc   def   "; for i in """"$A""; do echo =$i=; done' \
   "==\n=abc=\n=def=\n==\n" "" ""
 testing "quotes and whitespace3" \
   'A="   abc   def   "; for i in ""x""$A""; do echo =$i=; done' \
   "=x=\n=abc=\n=def=\n==\n" "" ""

 testing "IFS" 'IFS=x; A=abx; echo -n "$A"' "abx" "" ""
 testing "IFS2" 'IFS=x; A=abx; echo -n $A' "ab" "" ""
 testing "IFS3" 'IFS=x; echo "$(echo abx)"' "abx\n" "" ""
 testing "IFS4" "IFS=x; echo \"\$(echo ab' ')\"" "ab \n" "" ""
 testing "IFS5" 'IFS=xy; for i in abcxdefyghi; do echo =$i=; done' \
   "=abc def ghi=\n" "" ""

 testing '$*' 'cc(){ for i in $*;do echo =$i=;done;};cc "" "" "" "" ""' \
   "" "" ""
 testing '$*2' 'cc(){ for i in "$*";do echo =$i=;done;};cc ""' \
   "==\n" "" ""
 testing '$*3... Flame. Flames. Flames, on the side of my face...' \
   'cc(){ for i in "$*";do echo =$i=;done;};cc "" ""' "= =\n" "" ""
 testing 'why... oh.' \
   'cc() { echo ="$*"=; for i in =$*=; do echo -$i-; done;}; cc "" ""; echo and; cc ""' \
   '= =\n-=-\n-=-\nand\n==\n-==-\n' "" ""
 testing 'really?' 'cc() { for i in $*; do echo -$i-; done;}; cc "" "" ""' \
   "" "" ""
 testing 'Sigh.' 'cc() { echo =$1$2=;}; cc "" ""' "==\n" "" ""
 testing '$*4' 'cc(){ for i in "$*";do echo =$i=;done;};cc "" "" "" "" ""' \
   "= =\n" "" ""
 testing '$*5' 'cc(){ for i in "$*";do echo =$i=;done;};cc "" "abc" ""' \
   "= abc =\n" "" ""

 # creating empty arguments without quotes
 testing '$* + IFS' \
   'IFS=x; cc(){ for i in $*; do echo =$i=;done;};cc xabcxx' \
   "==\n=abc=\n==\n" "" ""
 testing '$@' 'cc(){ for i in "$@";do echo =$i=;done;};cc "" "" "" "" ""' \
   "==\n==\n==\n==\n==\n" "" ""
 testing "IFS10" 'IFS=bcd; A=abcde; for i in $A; do echo =$i=; done' \
   "=a=\n==\n==\n=e=\n" "" ""
 testing "IFS11" \
   'IFS=x; chicken() { for i in $@$@; do echo =$i=; done;}; chicken one "" abc dxf ghi' \
   "=one=\n==\n=abc=\n=d=\n=f=\n=ghione=\n==\n=abc=\n=d=\n=f=\n=ghi=\n" "" ""
 testing "IFS12" 'IFS=3;chicken(){ return 3;}; chicken;echo 3$?3' '3 3\n' "" ""

 testing "IFS combinations" \
   'IFS=" x"; A=" x " B=" x" C="x " D=x E="   "; for i in $A $B $C $D L$A L$B L$C L$D $A= $B= $C= $D= L$A= L$B= L$C= L$D=; do echo -n {$i}; done' \
   "{}{}{}{}{L}{L}{L}{L}{}{=}{}{=}{}{=}{}{=}{L}{=}{L}{=}{L}{=}{L}{=}" "" ""

 testing "! isn't special" "echo !" "!\n" "" ""
 testing "! by itself" '!; echo $?' "1\n" "" ""
 testing "! true" '! true; echo $?' "1\n" "" ""
 testing "! ! true" '! ! true; echo $?' "0\n" "" ""
 testing "! syntax err" '! echo 2>/dev/null < doesnotexist; echo $?' "0\n" "" ""

 # The bash man page doesn't say quote removal here, and yet:
 testing "case quoting" 'case a in "a") echo hello;; esac' 'hello\n' "" ""

 testing "subshell splitting" 'for i in $(true); do echo =$i=; done' "" "" ""
 #testing "subshell split 2"

 # variable assignment argument splitting only performed for "$@"
 testing "assignment splitting" 'X="one two"; Y=$X; echo $Y' "one two\n" "" ""
 testing "argument splitting" \
   'chicken() { for i in a"$@"b;do echo =$i=;done;}; chicken 123 456 789' \
   "=a123=\n=456=\n=789b=\n" "" ""
 testing "assignment splitting2" 'pop(){ X="$@";};pop one two three; echo $X' \
   "one two three\n" "" ""

 #testing "leading assignments don't affect current line" \
 #  'VAR=12345 echo ${VAR}a' "a\n" "" ""
 #testing "can't have space before first : but yes around arguments" \
 #  'BLAH=abcdefghi; echo ${BLAH: 1 : 3 }' "bcd\n" "" ""

 testing "subshell exit err" '(exit 42); echo $?' "42\n" "" ""

 # Same thing twice, but how do we cmp if exec exited?
 #testing 'exec and $$' testing 'echo $$;exec readlink /proc/self'

 X="$(realpath $(which readlink))"
 testing "exec in paren" \
   '(exec readlink /proc/self/exe);echo hello' "$X\nhello\n" "" ""
 testing "exec in brackets" \
   "{ exec readlink /proc/self/exe;};echo hi" "$X\n" "" ""

 NOSPACE=1 testing "curly brackets and pipe" \
   '{ echo one; echo two ; } | tee blah.txt; wc blah.txt' \
   "one\ntwo\n2 2 8 blah.txt\n" "" ""
 NOSPACE=1 testing "parentheses and pipe" \
   '(echo two;echo three)|tee blah.txt;wc blah.txt' \
   "two\nthree\n2 2 10 blah.txt\n" "" ""
 testing "pipe into parentheses" \
   'echo hello | (read i <input; echo $i; read i; echo $i)' \
   "there\nhello\n" "there\n" ""

 testing "\$''" $'echo $\'abc\\\'def\\nghi\'' "abc'def\nghi\n" '' ''
 testing "shift shift" 'shift; shift; shift; echo $? hello' "1 hello\n" "" ""
 testing 'search cross $*' 'chicken() { echo ${*/b c/ghi}; }; chicken a b c d' \
   "a b c d\n" "" ""
 testing 'eval $IFS' 'IFS=x; X=x; eval abc=a${X}b 2>/dev/null; echo $abc' \
   "\n" '' ''
 testing '${@:3:5}' 'chicken() { for i in "${@:3:5}"; do echo =$i=; done; } ; chicken ab cd ef gh ij kl mn op qr' \
   '=ef=\n=gh=\n=ij=\n=kl=\n=mn=\n' '' ''
 testing '${@:3:5}' 'chicken() { for i in "${*:3:5}"; do unset IFS; echo =$i=; done; } ; IFS=x chicken ab cd ef gh ij kl mn op qr' \
   '=efxghxijxklxmn=\n' '' ''
 testing 'sequence check' 'IFS=x; X=abxcd; echo ${X/bxc/g}' 'agd\n' '' ''

 # TODO: The txpect plumbing does not work right yet even on TEST_HOST
 #txpect "backtick0" "$SS" "E$P" 'IX=fred; echo `echo \\\\$x`'$'\n' 'Ofred' "E$P" X0
 #txpect "backtick1" "$SS" "E$P" 'IX=fred; echo `echo $x`'$'\n' 'Ofred'$'\n' "E$P" X0
 #txpect "backtick2" "$SS" "E$P" 'IX=fred; echo `x=y; echo $x`' $'Oy\n' "E$P" X0

 shxpect '${ with newline' I$'HELLO=abc; echo ${HELLO/b/\n' E"> " I$'}\n' O$'a c\n'

 shxpect 'here1' I$'POTATO=123; cat << EOF\n' E"> " \
   I$'$POTATO\n' E"> " I$'EOF\n' O$'123\n'
 shxpect 'here2' I$'POTATO=123; cat << E"O"F\n' E"> " \
   I$'$POTATO\n' E"> " I$'EOF\n' O$'$POTATO\n'
 testing 'here3' 'abc(){ cat <<< x"$@"yz;};abc one two "three  four"' \
   "xone two three  fouryz\n" "" ""

 testing '${#}' 'X=abcdef; echo ${#X}' "6\n" "" ""

 shxpect '${/newline/}' I$'x=$\'\na\';echo ${x/\n' E'> ' I$'/b}\n' O$'ba\n' E'> '

 shxpect 'line continuation' I$'echo "hello" \\\n' E'> ' I$'> blah\n' E"$P" \
   I$'wc blah\n' O$'1 1 6 blah\n'
 shxpect 'line continuation2' I$'echo ABC\\\n' E'> ' I$'DEF\n' O$'ABCDEF\n'

 # Race condition (in bash, but not in toysh) can say 43.
 testing 'SECONDS' 'SECONDS=41; sleep 1; echo $SECONDS' '42\n' '' ''
 testing 'SECONDS2' 'readonly SECONDS; SECONDS=0; echo $SECONDS' '' '' '' # bash!
 testing 'SECONDS3' 'SECONDS=123+456; echo $SECONDS' '0\n' '' '' #bash!!
 testing '$LINENO 2' $'echo $LINENO\necho $LINENO' '0\n1\n' '' ''
 testing '$EUID' 'echo $EUID' "$(id -u)\n" '' ''
 testing '$UID' 'echo $UID' "$(id -ur)\n" '' ''

 testing '$_ 1' 'echo walrus; echo $_' 'walrus\nwalrus\n' '' ''
 testing '$_ 2' 'unset _; echo $_' '_\n' '' ''

 # TODO finish variable list from shell init

 # $# $? $- $$ $! $0
 # always exported: PWD SHLVL _
 #  ./bash -c 'echo $_' prints $BASH, but PATH search shows path? Hmmm...
 # ro: UID PPID EUID $
 # IFS LINENO
 # PATH HOME SHELL USER LOGNAME SHLVL HOSTNAME HOSTTYPE MACHTYPE OSTYPE OLDPWD
 # PS0 PS1='$ ' PS2='> ' PS3 PS4 BASH BASH_VERSION
 # ENV - if [ -n "$ENV" ]; then . "$ENV"; fi # BASH_ENV - synonym for ENV
 # FUNCNEST - maximum function nesting level (abort when above)
 # REPLY - set by input with no args
 # OPTARG OPTIND - set by getopts builtin
 # OPTERR

 # maybe not: EXECIGNORE, FIGNORE, GLOBIGNORE

 #BASHPID - synonym for $$ HERE
 #BASH_SUBSHELL - SHLVL synonym
 #BASH_EXECUTION_STRING - -c argument
 #
 #automatically set:
 #OPTARG - set by getopts builtin
 #OPTIND - set by getopts builtin
 #
 #PROMPT_COMMAND PROMPT_DIRTRIM PS0 PS1 PS2 PS3 PS4
 #
 #unsettable (assignments ignored before then)
 #LINENO SECONDS RANDOM
 #GROUPS - id -g
 #HISTCMD - history number
 #
 #TMOUT - used by read
	#!/bin/echo no

	# Testing shell corner cases _within_ a shell script is kind of hard.

	[ -f testing.sh ] && . testing.sh

	# TODO make fake pty wrapper for test infrastructure

	#testing "name" "command" "result" "infile" "stdin"

	# texpect "name" "command" E/O/I"string"

	# Use "bash" name for host, "sh" for toybox
	[ -z "$SH" ] && { [ -z "$TEST_HOST" ] && SH="sh" \|\| export SH="bash" ; }
	# Prompt changes for root/normal user
	[ $(id -u) -eq 0 ] && P='# ' \|\| P='$ '
	# run sufficiently isolated shell child process to get predictable results
	SS="env -i PATH=${PATH@Q} PS1='\\$ ' $SH --noediting --noprofile --norc -is"

	shxpect() {
	X="$1"
	shift
	txpect "$X" "$SS" E"$P" "$@" X0
	}

	shxpect "prompt and exit" I$'exit\n'
	shxpect "prompt and echo" I$'echo hello\n' O$'hello\n' E"$P"
	shxpect "redirect err" I$'echo > /dev/full\n' E E"$P"
	shxpect "wait for <(exit)" I$'cat <(echo hello 1>&2)\n' E$'hello\n' E"$P"

	# Test the sh -c stuff before changing EVAL
	testing '-c "" exit status 0' '$SH -c "" && echo $?' '0\n' '' ''
	testing '-c args' "\$SH -c 'echo \$0,\$1,\$2,\$3' one two three four five" \
	"one,two,three,four\n" "" ""
	testing '-c args2' "\$SH -c 'echo \${10}' a b c d e f g h i j k l" "k\n" "" ""
	testing '-c arg split' \
	"$SH -c 'for i in a\"\$@\"b;do echo =\$i=;done;echo \$0' 123 456 789" \
	"=a456=\n=789b=\n123\n" "" ""
	testing '-c arg count' "$SH -c 'echo \$#' 9 8 7 6 1 2 3 4" "7\n" "" ""
	testing "exec3" '$C -c "{ exec readlink /proc/self/fd/0;} < /proc/self/exe"' \
	"$(readlink -f $C)\n" "" ""
	testing 'arg shift' "$SH -c '"'for i in "" 2 1 1 1; do echo $? $1; shift $i; done'"' one two three four five" \
	"0 two\n0 three\n0 five\n0\n1\n" "" ""

	# The bash man page is lying when it says $_ starts with an absolute path.
	ln -s $(which $SH) bash
	testing 'non-absolute $_' "./bash -c 'echo \$_'" './bash\n' '' ''
	rm bash

	testing 'exec exitval' "$SH -c 'exec echo hello' && echo \$?" "hello\n0\n" "" ""
	testing 'simple script' '$SH input' 'input\n' 'echo $0' ''
	testing 'simple script2' '$SH ./input two;echo $?' './input+two\n42\n' \
	'\necho $0+$1\n\nexit 42' ''
	testing '$LINENO 1' "$SH input" "1\n" 'echo $LINENO' ''

	mkdir sub
	echo echo hello > sub/script
	testing 'simple script in $PATH' "PATH='$PWD/sub:$PATH' $SH script" \
	'hello\n' '' ''
	rm -rf sub

	testing "script file" "chmod +x input; ./input" "hello\n" "#!$C\necho hello" ""

	testing 'IFS $' "$SH -c 'IFS=xy; echo \"\$\"' one two tyree" "twoxtyree\n" \
	"" ""

	testing 'default exports' \
	"env -i \"$(which $SH)\" --noprofile --norc -c env \| sort" \
	"PWD=$(pwd)\nSHLVL=1\n_=$(which env)\n" "" ""

	# Change EVAL to call sh -c for us, using "bash" explicitly for the host.
	export EVAL="$SH -c"

	testing "smoketest" "echo hello" "hello\n" "" ""
	testing "eval" "eval echo hello" "hello\n" "" ""
	testing "eval2" "eval 'echo hello'; echo $?" "hello\n0\n" "" ""
	testing "eval3" 'X="echo hello"; eval "$X"' "hello\n" "" ""
	testing "eval4" 'eval printf '=%s=' \" hello \"' "= hello =" "" ""
	NOSPACE=1 testing "eval5" 'eval echo \" hello \" \| wc' ' 1 1 8' "" ""
	testing "exec" "exec echo hello" "hello\n" "" ""
	testing "exec2" "exec echo hello; echo $?" "hello\n" "" ""

	# ; \| && \|\|
	testing "semicolon" "echo one;echo two" "one\ntwo\n" "" ""
	testing "simple pipe" "echo hello \| cat" "hello\n" "" ""
	testing "&&" "true && echo hello" "hello\n" "" ""
	testing "&&2" "false && echo hello" "" "" ""
	testing "\|\|" "true \|\| echo hello" "" "" ""
	testing "\|\|2" "false \|\| echo hello" "hello\n" "" ""
	testing "&& \|\|" "true && false && potato \|\| echo hello" "hello\n" "" ""

	# redirection

	testing "redir1" "cat < input" "hello\n" "hello\n" ""
	testing "redir2" "echo blah >out; cat out" "blah\n" "" ""
	testing "redir3" "echo more >>out; cat out" "blah\nmore\n" "" ""
	testing "redir4" "touch /not/exist 2>out\|\|grep -o /not/exist out" \
	"/not/exist\n" "" ""
	testing "redir5" "ls out /not/exist &> out2 \|\| wc -l < out2" "2\n" "" ""
	testing "redir6" "ls out /not/exist &>>-abc \|\| wc -l < ./-abc" "2\n" "" ""
	testing "redir7" "ls out /not/exist \|& wc -l" "2\n" "" ""
	testing "redir8" 'echo -n $(<input)' "boing" "boing\n" ""
	shxpect "redir9" I$'echo hello > out 2>/does/not/exist\n' E E"$P" \
	I$'wc -l < out\n' O$'0\n'
	testing "redir10" 'echo hello 3<&3' "hello\n" "" ""
	testing "redir11" 'if :;then echo one;fi {abc}<input; cat <&$abc' \
	"one\npotato\n" "potato\n" ""
	rm -f out out2 ./-abc

	# expansion

	testing "tilde expansion" "echo ~" "$HOME\n" "" ""
	testing "tilde2" "echo ~/dir" "$HOME/dir\n" "" ""
	testing "bracket expansion" \
	"echo {A{a,b}B{c,d}C}" "{AaBcC} {AaBdC} {AbBcC} {AbBdC}\n" "" ""
	testing "brackets2" "echo {A{a,b}B{c,d}C,D}" "AaBcC AaBdC AbBcC AbBdC D\n" "" ""
	testing "brackets3" 'echo {A"b,c"D}' "{Ab,cD}\n" "" ""
	testing "brackets4" 'echo {A"bc",D}' "Abc D\n" "" ""
	testing "brackets5" 'echo {A,B,C' "{A,B,C\n" "" ""
	testing "brackets6" 'echo {{{{A,B},C}D},E}' "{AD} {BD} {CD} E\n" "" ""
	testing "brackets7" 'echo {{{a,b},c,{d,e}},f}' "a b c d e f\n" "" ""
	testing "brackets8" 'echo A{a{b,c{B,C}D}d{e,f},g{h,i}j}E' \
	"AabdeE AabdfE AacBDdeE AacBDdfE AacCDdeE AacCDdfE AghjE AgijE\n" "" ""
	testing "brackets9" 'echo A{B{C,D}E{N,O},F{G,H}I}J{K,L}M' \
	"ABCENJKM ABCENJLM ABCEOJKM ABCEOJLM ABDENJKM ABDENJLM ABDEOJKM ABDEOJLM AFGIJKM AFGIJLM AFHIJKM AFHIJLM\n" "" ""
	for i in /root /var/root /; do [ -e $i ] && EXPECT=$i && break; done
	testing "bracket+tilde" "echo {~,~root}/pwd" "$HOME/pwd $EXPECT/pwd\n" "" ""

	#testing "backtick1" 'X=fred; echo `echo $x`' 'fred\n' "" ""
	#testing "backtick2" 'X=fred; echo `x=y; echo $x`' 'y\n' "" ""
	testing '$(( ) )' 'echo ab$((echo hello) \| tr e x)cd' "abhxllocd\n" "" ""

	# Loops and flow control
	testing "case" 'for i in A C J B; do case "$i" in A) echo got A ;; B) echo and B ;; C) echo then C ;; *) echo default ;; esac; done' \
	"got A\nthen C\ndefault\nand B\n" "" ""

	testing "continue" 'for i in a b c; do for j in d e f; do echo $i $j; continue 2; done; done' \
	"a d\nb d\nc d\n" "" ""

	# <glinda>A variable occurred</glinda>

	testing "expand" 'echo $PWD' "$(pwd)\n" "" ""
	testing "expand2" 'echo "$PWD"' "$(pwd)\n" "" ""
	testing "expand3" 'echo "$"PWD' '$PWD\n' "" ""
	testing "expand4" 'P=x; echo "$P"WD' 'xWD\n' "" ""
	testing "dequote" "echo one 'two' ''three 'fo'ur '\\'" \
	'one two three four \\\n' '' ''

	testing "leading variable assignment" 'abc=def env \| grep ^abc=; echo $abc' \
	"abc=def\n\n" "" ""
	testing "leading variable assignments" \
	"abc=def ghi=jkl env \| egrep '^(abc\|ghi)=' \| sort; echo \$abc \$ghi" \
	"abc=def\nghi=jkl\n\n" "" ""
	testing "leading assignment fail" "1blah=123 echo hello 2>/dev/null \|\| echo no"\
	"no\n" "" ""

	testing "{1..5}" "echo {1..5}" "1 2 3 4 5\n" "" ""
	testing "{5..1}" "echo {5..1}" "5 4 3 2 1\n" "" ""
	testing "{5..1..2}" "echo {5..1..2}" "5 3 1\n" "" ""
	testing "{a..z..-3}" "echo {a..z..-3}" "a d g j m p s v y\n" "" ""

	#$ IFS=x X=xyxz; for i in abc${X}def; do echo =$i=; done
	#=abc=
	#=y=
	#=zdef=

	testing "IFS whitespace before/after" \
	'IFS=" x"; A=" x " B=" x" C="x " D=x E=" "; for i in $A $B $C $D L$A L$B L$C L$D $A= $B= $C= $D= L$A= L$B= L$C= L$D=; do echo -n {$i}; done' \
	"{}{}{}{}{L}{L}{L}{L}{}{=}{}{=}{}{=}{}{=}{L}{=}{L}{=}{L}{=}{L}{=}" "" ""
	testing "quotes and whitespace" \
	'A=" abc def "; for i in ""$A""; do echo =$i=; done' \
	"==\n=abc=\n=def=\n==\n" "" ""
	testing "quotes and whitespace2" \
	'A=" abc def "; for i in """"$A""; do echo =$i=; done' \
	"==\n=abc=\n=def=\n==\n" "" ""
	testing "quotes and whitespace3" \
	'A=" abc def "; for i in ""x""$A""; do echo =$i=; done' \
	"=x=\n=abc=\n=def=\n==\n" "" ""

	testing "IFS" 'IFS=x; A=abx; echo -n "$A"' "abx" "" ""
	testing "IFS2" 'IFS=x; A=abx; echo -n $A' "ab" "" ""
	testing "IFS3" 'IFS=x; echo "$(echo abx)"' "abx\n" "" ""
	testing "IFS4" "IFS=x; echo \"\$(echo ab' ')\"" "ab \n" "" ""
	testing "IFS5" 'IFS=xy; for i in abcxdefyghi; do echo =$i=; done' \
	"=abc def ghi=\n" "" ""

	testing '$' 'cc(){ for i in $;do echo =$i=;done;};cc "" "" "" "" ""' \
	"" "" ""
	testing '$2' 'cc(){ for i in "$";do echo =$i=;done;};cc ""' \
	"==\n" "" ""
	testing '$*3... Flame. Flames. Flames, on the side of my face...' \
	'cc(){ for i in "$*";do echo =$i=;done;};cc "" ""' "= =\n" "" ""
	testing 'why... oh.' \
	'cc() { echo ="$"=; for i in =$=; do echo -$i-; done;}; cc "" ""; echo and; cc ""' \
	'= =\n-=-\n-=-\nand\n==\n-==-\n' "" ""
	testing 'really?' 'cc() { for i in $*; do echo -$i-; done;}; cc "" "" ""' \
	"" "" ""
	testing 'Sigh.' 'cc() { echo =$1$2=;}; cc "" ""' "==\n" "" ""
	testing '$4' 'cc(){ for i in "$";do echo =$i=;done;};cc "" "" "" "" ""' \
	"= =\n" "" ""
	testing '$5' 'cc(){ for i in "$";do echo =$i=;done;};cc "" "abc" ""' \
	"= abc =\n" "" ""

	# creating empty arguments without quotes
	testing '$* + IFS' \
	'IFS=x; cc(){ for i in $*; do echo =$i=;done;};cc xabcxx' \
	"==\n=abc=\n==\n" "" ""
	testing '$@' 'cc(){ for i in "$@";do echo =$i=;done;};cc "" "" "" "" ""' \
	"==\n==\n==\n==\n==\n" "" ""
	testing "IFS10" 'IFS=bcd; A=abcde; for i in $A; do echo =$i=; done' \
	"=a=\n==\n==\n=e=\n" "" ""
	testing "IFS11" \
	'IFS=x; chicken() { for i in $@$@; do echo =$i=; done;}; chicken one "" abc dxf ghi' \
	"=one=\n==\n=abc=\n=d=\n=f=\n=ghione=\n==\n=abc=\n=d=\n=f=\n=ghi=\n" "" ""
	testing "IFS12" 'IFS=3;chicken(){ return 3;}; chicken;echo 3$?3' '3 3\n' "" ""

	testing "IFS combinations" \
	'IFS=" x"; A=" x " B=" x" C="x " D=x E=" "; for i in $A $B $C $D L$A L$B L$C L$D $A= $B= $C= $D= L$A= L$B= L$C= L$D=; do echo -n {$i}; done' \
	"{}{}{}{}{L}{L}{L}{L}{}{=}{}{=}{}{=}{}{=}{L}{=}{L}{=}{L}{=}{L}{=}" "" ""

	testing "! isn't special" "echo !" "!\n" "" ""
	testing "! by itself" '!; echo $?' "1\n" "" ""
	testing "! true" '! true; echo $?' "1\n" "" ""
	testing "! ! true" '! ! true; echo $?' "0\n" "" ""
	testing "! syntax err" '! echo 2>/dev/null < doesnotexist; echo $?' "0\n" "" ""

	# The bash man page doesn't say quote removal here, and yet:
	testing "case quoting" 'case a in "a") echo hello;; esac' 'hello\n' "" ""

	testing "subshell splitting" 'for i in $(true); do echo =$i=; done' "" "" ""
	#testing "subshell split 2"

	# variable assignment argument splitting only performed for "$@"
	testing "assignment splitting" 'X="one two"; Y=$X; echo $Y' "one two\n" "" ""
	testing "argument splitting" \
	'chicken() { for i in a"$@"b;do echo =$i=;done;}; chicken 123 456 789' \
	"=a123=\n=456=\n=789b=\n" "" ""
	testing "assignment splitting2" 'pop(){ X="$@";};pop one two three; echo $X' \
	"one two three\n" "" ""

	#testing "leading assignments don't affect current line" \
	# 'VAR=12345 echo ${VAR}a' "a\n" "" ""
	#testing "can't have space before first : but yes around arguments" \
	# 'BLAH=abcdefghi; echo ${BLAH: 1 : 3 }' "bcd\n" "" ""

	testing "subshell exit err" '(exit 42); echo $?' "42\n" "" ""

	# Same thing twice, but how do we cmp if exec exited?
	#testing 'exec and $$' testing 'echo $$;exec readlink /proc/self'

	X="$(realpath $(which readlink))"
	testing "exec in paren" \
	'(exec readlink /proc/self/exe);echo hello' "$X\nhello\n" "" ""
	testing "exec in brackets" \
	"{ exec readlink /proc/self/exe;};echo hi" "$X\n" "" ""

	NOSPACE=1 testing "curly brackets and pipe" \
	'{ echo one; echo two ; } \| tee blah.txt; wc blah.txt' \
	"one\ntwo\n2 2 8 blah.txt\n" "" ""
	NOSPACE=1 testing "parentheses and pipe" \
	'(echo two;echo three)\|tee blah.txt;wc blah.txt' \
	"two\nthree\n2 2 10 blah.txt\n" "" ""
	testing "pipe into parentheses" \
	'echo hello \| (read i <input; echo $i; read i; echo $i)' \
	"there\nhello\n" "there\n" ""

	testing "\$''" $'echo $\'abc\\\'def\\nghi\'' "abc'def\nghi\n" '' ''
	testing "shift shift" 'shift; shift; shift; echo $? hello' "1 hello\n" "" ""
	testing 'search cross $' 'chicken() { echo ${/b c/ghi}; }; chicken a b c d' \
	"a b c d\n" "" ""
	testing 'eval $IFS' 'IFS=x; X=x; eval abc=a${X}b 2>/dev/null; echo $abc' \
	"\n" '' ''
	testing '${@:3:5}' 'chicken() { for i in "${@:3:5}"; do echo =$i=; done; } ; chicken ab cd ef gh ij kl mn op qr' \
	'=ef=\n=gh=\n=ij=\n=kl=\n=mn=\n' '' ''
	testing '${@:3:5}' 'chicken() { for i in "${*:3:5}"; do unset IFS; echo =$i=; done; } ; IFS=x chicken ab cd ef gh ij kl mn op qr' \
	'=efxghxijxklxmn=\n' '' ''
	testing 'sequence check' 'IFS=x; X=abxcd; echo ${X/bxc/g}' 'agd\n' '' ''

	# TODO: The txpect plumbing does not work right yet even on TEST_HOST
	#txpect "backtick0" "$SS" "E$P" 'IX=fred; echo `echo \\\\$x`'$'\n' 'Ofred' "E$P" X0
	#txpect "backtick1" "$SS" "E$P" 'IX=fred; echo `echo $x`'$'\n' 'Ofred'$'\n' "E$P" X0
	#txpect "backtick2" "$SS" "E$P" 'IX=fred; echo `x=y; echo $x`' $'Oy\n' "E$P" X0

	shxpect '${ with newline' I$'HELLO=abc; echo ${HELLO/b/\n' E"> " I$'}\n' O$'a c\n'

	shxpect 'here1' I$'POTATO=123; cat << EOF\n' E"> " \
	I$'$POTATO\n' E"> " I$'EOF\n' O$'123\n'
	shxpect 'here2' I$'POTATO=123; cat << E"O"F\n' E"> " \
	I$'$POTATO\n' E"> " I$'EOF\n' O$'$POTATO\n'
	testing 'here3' 'abc(){ cat <<< x"$@"yz;};abc one two "three four"' \
	"xone two three fouryz\n" "" ""

	testing '${#}' 'X=abcdef; echo ${#X}' "6\n" "" ""

	shxpect '${/newline/}' I$'x=$\'\na\';echo ${x/\n' E'> ' I$'/b}\n' O$'ba\n' E'> '

	shxpect 'line continuation' I$'echo "hello" \\\n' E'> ' I$'> blah\n' E"$P" \
	I$'wc blah\n' O$'1 1 6 blah\n'
	shxpect 'line continuation2' I$'echo ABC\\\n' E'> ' I$'DEF\n' O$'ABCDEF\n'

	# Race condition (in bash, but not in toysh) can say 43.
	testing 'SECONDS' 'SECONDS=41; sleep 1; echo $SECONDS' '42\n' '' ''
	testing 'SECONDS2' 'readonly SECONDS; SECONDS=0; echo $SECONDS' '' '' '' # bash!
	testing 'SECONDS3' 'SECONDS=123+456; echo $SECONDS' '0\n' '' '' #bash!!
	testing '$LINENO 2' $'echo $LINENO\necho $LINENO' '0\n1\n' '' ''
	testing '$EUID' 'echo $EUID' "$(id -u)\n" '' ''
	testing '$UID' 'echo $UID' "$(id -ur)\n" '' ''

	testing '$_ 1' 'echo walrus; echo $_' 'walrus\nwalrus\n' '' ''
	testing '$_ 2' 'unset _; echo $_' '_\n' '' ''

	# TODO finish variable list from shell init

	# $# $? $- $$ $! $0
	# always exported: PWD SHLVL _
	# ./bash -c 'echo $_' prints $BASH, but PATH search shows path? Hmmm...
	# ro: UID PPID EUID $
	# IFS LINENO
	# PATH HOME SHELL USER LOGNAME SHLVL HOSTNAME HOSTTYPE MACHTYPE OSTYPE OLDPWD
	# PS0 PS1='$ ' PS2='> ' PS3 PS4 BASH BASH_VERSION
	# ENV - if [ -n "$ENV" ]; then . "$ENV"; fi # BASH_ENV - synonym for ENV
	# FUNCNEST - maximum function nesting level (abort when above)
	# REPLY - set by input with no args
	# OPTARG OPTIND - set by getopts builtin
	# OPTERR

	# maybe not: EXECIGNORE, FIGNORE, GLOBIGNORE

	#BASHPID - synonym for $$ HERE
	#BASH_SUBSHELL - SHLVL synonym
	#BASH_EXECUTION_STRING - -c argument
	#
	#automatically set:
	#OPTARG - set by getopts builtin
	#OPTIND - set by getopts builtin
	#
	#PROMPT_COMMAND PROMPT_DIRTRIM PS0 PS1 PS2 PS3 PS4
	#
	#unsettable (assignments ignored before then)
	#LINENO SECONDS RANDOM
	#GROUPS - id -g
	#HISTCMD - history number
	#
	#TMOUT - used by read