Snap for 8518779 from ef07f544e30797ceea64da4fba8891ad4bbe6234 to ndk-r25-release

Change-Id: Ibd80cc9d7869a332c58a8064d54b9b493f3e83cb
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index b2af56e..ec709ba 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 .ycm_extra_conf.py*
 *.pyc
 compile_commands.json
-/build/
+/build*/
 /buildtools/
 /external/googletest
 /external/SPIRV-Headers
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 bazel-genfiles
 bazel-out
 bazel-spirv-tools
+bazel-SPIRV-Tools
 bazel-testlogs
 
 # Vim
diff --git a/Android.mk b/Android.mk
index bc748e5..e7616f9 100644
--- a/Android.mk
+++ b/Android.mk
@@ -106,6 +106,7 @@
 		source/opt/eliminate_dead_constant_pass.cpp \
 		source/opt/eliminate_dead_functions_pass.cpp \
 		source/opt/eliminate_dead_functions_util.cpp \
+		source/opt/eliminate_dead_input_components_pass.cpp \
 		source/opt/eliminate_dead_members_pass.cpp \
 		source/opt/feature_manager.cpp \
 		source/opt/fix_storage_class.cpp \
@@ -156,6 +157,7 @@
 		source/opt/redundancy_elimination.cpp \
 		source/opt/register_pressure.cpp \
 		source/opt/relax_float_ops_pass.cpp \
+		source/opt/remove_dontinline_pass.cpp \
 		source/opt/remove_duplicates_pass.cpp \
 		source/opt/remove_unused_interface_variables_pass.cpp \
 		source/opt/replace_desc_array_access_using_var_index.cpp \
@@ -165,10 +167,11 @@
 		source/opt/scalar_replacement_pass.cpp \
 		source/opt/set_spec_constant_default_value_pass.cpp \
 		source/opt/simplification_pass.cpp \
+		source/opt/spread_volatile_semantics.cpp \
 		source/opt/ssa_rewrite_pass.cpp \
 		source/opt/strength_reduction_pass.cpp \
 		source/opt/strip_debug_info_pass.cpp \
-		source/opt/strip_reflect_info_pass.cpp \
+		source/opt/strip_nonsemantic_info_pass.cpp \
 		source/opt/struct_cfg_analysis.cpp \
 		source/opt/type_manager.cpp \
 		source/opt/types.cpp \
diff --git a/BUILD.bazel b/BUILD.bazel
index b2031de..c86ebbe 100644
--- a/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/BUILD.bazel
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@
     srcs = ["@spirv_headers//:spirv_xml_registry"],
     outs = ["generators.inc"],
     cmd = "$(location generate_registry_tables) --xml=$(location @spirv_headers//:spirv_xml_registry) --generator-output=$(location generators.inc)",
+    cmd_bat = "$(location //:generate_registry_tables) --xml=$(location @spirv_headers//:spirv_xml_registry) --generator-output=$(location generators.inc)",
     tools = [":generate_registry_tables"],
 )
 
@@ -94,6 +95,7 @@
     srcs = ["CHANGES"],
     outs = ["build-version.inc"],
     cmd = "SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH=0 $(location update_build_version) $$(dirname $(location CHANGES)) $(location build-version.inc)",
+    cmd_bat = "set SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH=0  && $(location //:update_build_version) \"$(location CHANGES)\\..\" $(location build-version.inc)",
     tools = [":update_build_version"],
 )
 
diff --git a/BUILD.gn b/BUILD.gn
index 309d513..0ce6c35 100644
--- a/BUILD.gn
+++ b/BUILD.gn
@@ -19,6 +19,17 @@
   import("//third_party/protobuf/proto_library.gni")
 }
 
+# SPIRV-Tools may be part of multiple projects in the Chromium tree.
+# Only enable building executables if this is the main copy.
+abspath = get_path_info(".", "abspath")
+spvtools_chromium_third_party = (abspath == "//third_party/vulkan-deps/spirv-tools/src/")
+spvtools_build_executables = build_with_chromium && spvtools_chromium_third_party
+# Fuchsia also requires building the executables.
+# TODO(b/158002593): Avoid the use of dependent-specific variables.
+if (defined(is_fuchsia_tree) && is_fuchsia_tree) {
+  spvtools_build_executables = true
+}
+
 spirv_headers = spirv_tools_spirv_headers_dir
 spirv_is_winuwp = is_win && target_os == "winuwp"
 
@@ -448,12 +459,14 @@
     "source/util/bit_vector.cpp",
     "source/util/bit_vector.h",
     "source/util/bitutils.h",
+    "source/util/hash_combine.h",
     "source/util/hex_float.h",
     "source/util/ilist.h",
     "source/util/ilist_node.h",
     "source/util/make_unique.h",
     "source/util/parse_number.cpp",
     "source/util/parse_number.h",
+    "source/util/pooled_linked_list.h",
     "source/util/small_vector.h",
     "source/util/string_utils.cpp",
     "source/util/string_utils.h",
@@ -609,6 +622,8 @@
     "source/opt/eliminate_dead_functions_pass.h",
     "source/opt/eliminate_dead_functions_util.cpp",
     "source/opt/eliminate_dead_functions_util.h",
+    "source/opt/eliminate_dead_input_components_pass.cpp",
+    "source/opt/eliminate_dead_input_components_pass.h",
     "source/opt/eliminate_dead_members_pass.cpp",
     "source/opt/eliminate_dead_members_pass.h",
     "source/opt/empty_pass.h",
@@ -714,6 +729,8 @@
     "source/opt/register_pressure.h",
     "source/opt/relax_float_ops_pass.cpp",
     "source/opt/relax_float_ops_pass.h",
+    "source/opt/remove_dontinline_pass.cpp",
+    "source/opt/remove_dontinline_pass.h",
     "source/opt/remove_duplicates_pass.cpp",
     "source/opt/remove_duplicates_pass.h",
     "source/opt/remove_unused_interface_variables_pass.cpp",
@@ -732,14 +749,16 @@
     "source/opt/set_spec_constant_default_value_pass.h",
     "source/opt/simplification_pass.cpp",
     "source/opt/simplification_pass.h",
+    "source/opt/spread_volatile_semantics.cpp",
+    "source/opt/spread_volatile_semantics.h",
     "source/opt/ssa_rewrite_pass.cpp",
     "source/opt/ssa_rewrite_pass.h",
     "source/opt/strength_reduction_pass.cpp",
     "source/opt/strength_reduction_pass.h",
     "source/opt/strip_debug_info_pass.cpp",
     "source/opt/strip_debug_info_pass.h",
-    "source/opt/strip_reflect_info_pass.cpp",
-    "source/opt/strip_reflect_info_pass.h",
+    "source/opt/strip_nonsemantic_info_pass.cpp",
+    "source/opt/strip_nonsemantic_info_pass.h",
     "source/opt/struct_cfg_analysis.cpp",
     "source/opt/struct_cfg_analysis.h",
     "source/opt/tree_iterator.h",
@@ -869,7 +888,7 @@
   configs += [ ":spvtools_internal_config" ]
 }
 
-if (build_with_chromium) {
+if (build_with_chromium && spvtools_build_executables) {
   # The spirv-fuzz library is only built when in a Chromium checkout
   # due to its dependency on protobuf.
 
@@ -1298,7 +1317,7 @@
 
 # The tests are scoped to Chromium to avoid needing to write gtest integration.
 # See Chromium's third_party/googletest/BUILD.gn for a complete integration.
-if (build_with_chromium) {
+if (build_with_chromium && spvtools_build_executables) {
   test("spvtools_test") {
     sources = [
       "test/assembly_context_test.cpp",
@@ -1407,73 +1426,75 @@
   configs += [ ":spvtools_internal_config" ]
 }
 
-executable("spirv-as") {
-  sources = [ "tools/as/as.cpp" ]
-  deps = [
-    ":spvtools",
-    ":spvtools_software_version",
-  ]
-  configs += [ ":spvtools_internal_config" ]
+if (spvtools_build_executables) {
+  executable("spirv-as") {
+    sources = [ "tools/as/as.cpp" ]
+    deps = [
+      ":spvtools",
+      ":spvtools_software_version",
+    ]
+    configs += [ ":spvtools_internal_config" ]
+  }
+
+  executable("spirv-dis") {
+    sources = [ "tools/dis/dis.cpp" ]
+    deps = [
+      ":spvtools",
+      ":spvtools_software_version",
+    ]
+    configs += [ ":spvtools_internal_config" ]
+  }
+
+  executable("spirv-val") {
+    sources = [ "tools/val/val.cpp" ]
+    deps = [
+      ":spvtools",
+      ":spvtools_software_version",
+      ":spvtools_util_cli_consumer",
+      ":spvtools_val",
+    ]
+    configs += [ ":spvtools_internal_config" ]
+  }
+
+  executable("spirv-cfg") {
+    sources = [
+      "tools/cfg/bin_to_dot.cpp",
+      "tools/cfg/bin_to_dot.h",
+      "tools/cfg/cfg.cpp",
+    ]
+    deps = [
+      ":spvtools",
+      ":spvtools_software_version",
+    ]
+    configs += [ ":spvtools_internal_config" ]
+  }
+
+  executable("spirv-opt") {
+    sources = [ "tools/opt/opt.cpp" ]
+    deps = [
+      ":spvtools",
+      ":spvtools_opt",
+      ":spvtools_software_version",
+      ":spvtools_util_cli_consumer",
+      ":spvtools_val",
+    ]
+    configs += [ ":spvtools_internal_config" ]
+  }
+
+  executable("spirv-link") {
+    sources = [ "tools/link/linker.cpp" ]
+    deps = [
+      ":spvtools",
+      ":spvtools_link",
+      ":spvtools_opt",
+      ":spvtools_software_version",
+      ":spvtools_val",
+    ]
+    configs += [ ":spvtools_internal_config" ]
+  }
 }
 
-executable("spirv-dis") {
-  sources = [ "tools/dis/dis.cpp" ]
-  deps = [
-    ":spvtools",
-    ":spvtools_software_version",
-  ]
-  configs += [ ":spvtools_internal_config" ]
-}
-
-executable("spirv-val") {
-  sources = [ "tools/val/val.cpp" ]
-  deps = [
-    ":spvtools",
-    ":spvtools_software_version",
-    ":spvtools_util_cli_consumer",
-    ":spvtools_val",
-  ]
-  configs += [ ":spvtools_internal_config" ]
-}
-
-executable("spirv-cfg") {
-  sources = [
-    "tools/cfg/bin_to_dot.cpp",
-    "tools/cfg/bin_to_dot.h",
-    "tools/cfg/cfg.cpp",
-  ]
-  deps = [
-    ":spvtools",
-    ":spvtools_software_version",
-  ]
-  configs += [ ":spvtools_internal_config" ]
-}
-
-executable("spirv-opt") {
-  sources = [ "tools/opt/opt.cpp" ]
-  deps = [
-    ":spvtools",
-    ":spvtools_opt",
-    ":spvtools_software_version",
-    ":spvtools_util_cli_consumer",
-    ":spvtools_val",
-  ]
-  configs += [ ":spvtools_internal_config" ]
-}
-
-executable("spirv-link") {
-  sources = [ "tools/link/linker.cpp" ]
-  deps = [
-    ":spvtools",
-    ":spvtools_link",
-    ":spvtools_opt",
-    ":spvtools_software_version",
-    ":spvtools_val",
-  ]
-  configs += [ ":spvtools_internal_config" ]
-}
-
-if (!is_ios && !spirv_is_winuwp && build_with_chromium) {
+if (!is_ios && !spirv_is_winuwp && build_with_chromium && spvtools_build_executables) {
   # iOS and UWP do not allow std::system calls which spirv-fuzz
   # requires. Additionally, spirv-fuzz is only built when in a
   # Chromium checkout due to its dependency on protobuf.
@@ -1494,7 +1515,7 @@
   }
 }
 
-if (!is_ios && !spirv_is_winuwp) {
+if (!is_ios && !spirv_is_winuwp && spvtools_build_executables) {
   # iOS and UWP do not allow std::system calls which spirv-reduce
   # requires.
 
@@ -1512,19 +1533,21 @@
   }
 }
 
-group("all_spirv_tools") {
-  deps = [
-    ":spirv-as",
-    ":spirv-cfg",
-    ":spirv-dis",
-    ":spirv-link",
-    ":spirv-opt",
-    ":spirv-val",
-  ]
-  if (!is_ios && !spirv_is_winuwp && build_with_chromium) {
-    deps += [ ":spirv-fuzz" ]
-  }
-  if (!is_ios && !spirv_is_winuwp) {
-    deps += [ ":spirv-reduce" ]
+if (spvtools_build_executables){
+  group("all_spirv_tools") {
+    deps = [
+      ":spirv-as",
+      ":spirv-cfg",
+      ":spirv-dis",
+      ":spirv-link",
+      ":spirv-opt",
+      ":spirv-val",
+    ]
+    if (!is_ios && !spirv_is_winuwp && build_with_chromium) {
+      deps += [ ":spirv-fuzz" ]
+    }
+    if (!is_ios && !spirv_is_winuwp) {
+      deps += [ ":spirv-reduce" ]
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES
index ee232b6..27f1f88 100644
--- a/CHANGES
+++ b/CHANGES
@@ -1,5 +1,66 @@
 Revision history for SPIRV-Tools
 
+v2022.2-dev 2022-04-04
+  - General
+    - Add OpModuleProcessed to debug opcode (#4694)
+  - Optimizer
+    - Complete handling of RayQueryKHR type (#4690)
+    - Have scalar replacement use undef instead of null (#4691)
+    - Optimize Instruction::Instruction (#4705)
+    - Handle propagation of arrays with decorations (#4717)
+    - spirv-opt: Add OpExecutionModeId support (#4719)
+    - Optimize Type::HashValue (#4707)
+    - Optimize DefUseManager allocations (#4709)
+    - Add pass to remove DontInline function control (#4747)
+    - Better handling of 0xFFFFFFFF when folding vector shuffle (#4743)
+    - Reset the id bound on the module in compact ids (#4744)
+    - spirv-opt: (WIP) Eliminate Dead Input Component Pass (#4720)
+    - Support SPV_KHR_uniform_group_instructions (#4734)
+    - Handle shaders without execution model in spread-volatile-semantics (#4766)
+  - Validator
+    - Fix handling of Nontemporal image operand (#4692)
+    - [spirv-val] Allow 0 Component Count for DebugTypeArray for Shader (#4706)
+    - spirv-val: Validate DebugTypeMatrix (#4732)
+    - spirv-val: Label Vulkan VUID 04734 (#4739)
+    - spirv-val: Label VUID 06491 (#4745)
+    - spirv-val: Disallow array of push constants (#4742)
+    - spirv-val: Label Vulkan RuntimeArray VUID (#4749)
+    - spirv-val: Add Vulkan Image VUID 06214 (#4750)
+    - spirv-val: Add Vulkan Dref not allowed 3D dim VUID (#4751)
+    - spirv-val: Label and add test for PSB Aligned (#4756)
+    - spirv-val: Add Vulkan 32-bit bit op Base (#4758)
+    - spirv-val: Add more Vulkan VUID labels (#4764)
+  - Diff
+    - Introduce spirv-diff (#4611)
+    - Stabilize the output of spirv-diff (#4698)
+    - spirv-diff: Handle OpSpecConstant array sizes (#4700)
+    - spirv-diff: Match OpSpecConstantComposite correctly (#4704)
+    - spirv-diff: Use GetSingleWord*Operand (#4768)
+    - spirv-diff: Basic support for OpTypeForwardPointer (#4761)
+    - spirv-diff: Fix OpTypeFunction matching w.r.t operand count (#4771)
+
+v2022.1 2022-01-26
+  - General
+    - Add SPIR-V 1.6 support to wasm build (#4674)
+    - Improvements to disassembly within PassManager (#4677)
+    - Basic support for SPIR-V 1.6 (#4663)
+    - reflect debug (#4662)
+    - Fix endianness of string literals (#4622)
+  - Optimizer
+    - spirv-opt: add pass to Spread Volatile semantics (#4667)
+    - Fix constant propagation and folding of FClamp instructions (#4651)
+    - Manually fold floating point division by zero (#4637)
+    - Allow ADCE to remove dead inputs (#4629)
+  - Linker
+    - Linker improvements (#4679)
+      * test/linker: Code factorisation and small tweaks
+      * linker: Do not fail when going over limits
+  - Validator
+    - val: interface struct with builtins must be Block (#4665)
+  - Fuzzer
+    - Avoid id bound errors during opt fuzzing (#4658)
+    - Avoid uninitialised read when parsing hex float (#4646)
+
 v2021.4 2021-11-11
   - General
     - Add a WebAssembly build (#3752)
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 70caf85..76b87d8 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
     set(SPIRV_WARNINGS ${SPIRV_WARNINGS} -Werror)
   endif()
 elseif(MSVC)
-  set(SPIRV_WARNINGS -D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS /wd4800)
+  set(SPIRV_WARNINGS -D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -D_SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS /wd4800 /wd4819)
 
   if(${SPIRV_WERROR})
     set(SPIRV_WARNINGS ${SPIRV_WARNINGS} /WX)
diff --git a/DEPS b/DEPS
index 2aaf11f..051b2de 100644
--- a/DEPS
+++ b/DEPS
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
   'github': 'https://github.com',
 
   'effcee_revision': 'ddf5e2bb92957dc8a12c5392f8495333d6844133',
-  'googletest_revision': 'bf0701daa9f5b30e5882e2f8f9a5280bcba87e77',
-  're2_revision': '4244cd1cb492fa1d10986ec67f862964c073f844',
-  'spirv_headers_revision': '814e728b30ddd0f4509233099a3ad96fd4318c07',
+  'googletest_revision': '25dcdc7e8bfac8967f20fb2c0a628f5cf442188d',
+  're2_revision': '0c5616df9c0aaa44c9440d87422012423d91c7d1',
+  'spirv_headers_revision': '4995a2f2723c401eb0ea3e10c81298906bf1422b',
 }
 
 deps = {
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 14db1e7..e951e37 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -212,6 +212,24 @@
 "Fuzzer:" as the start of its title.
 
 
+### Diff
+
+*Note:* The diff tool is still under development.
+
+The diff tool takes two SPIR-V files, either in binary or text format and
+produces a diff-style comparison between the two.  The instructions between the
+src and dst modules are matched as best as the tool can, and output is produced
+(in src id-space) that shows which instructions are removed in src, added in dst
+or modified between them.  The order of instructions are not retained.
+
+Matching instructions between two SPIR-V modules is not trivial, and thus a
+number of heuristics are applied in this tool.  In particular, without debug
+information, match functions is nontrivial as they can be reordered.  As such,
+this tool is primarily useful to produce the diff of two SPIR-V modules derived
+from the same source, for example before and after a modification to the shader,
+before and after a transformation, or SPIR-V produced from different tools.
+
+
 ### Extras
 
 * [Utility filters](#utility-filters)
@@ -399,7 +417,7 @@
 - [Python 3](http://www.python.org/): for utility scripts and running the test
 suite.
 - [Bazel](https://bazel.build/) (optional): if building the source with Bazel,
-you need to install Bazel Version 0.29.1 on your machine. Other versions may
+you need to install Bazel Version 5.0.0 on your machine. Other versions may
 also work, but are not verified.
 - [Emscripten SDK](https://emscripten.org) (optional): if building the
   WebAssembly module.
@@ -624,6 +642,15 @@
 * `spirv-cfg` - the control flow graph dumper
   * `<spirv-dir>/tools/cfg`
 
+### Diff tool
+
+*Warning:* This functionality is under development, and is incomplete.
+
+The diff tool produces a diff-style comparison between two SPIR-V modules.
+
+* `spirv-diff` - the standalone diff tool
+  * `<spirv-dir>`/tools/diff`
+
 ### Utility filters
 
 * `spirv-lesspipe.sh` - Automatically disassembles `.spv` binary files for the
diff --git a/build_defs.bzl b/build_defs.bzl
index b2cd41b..ef9a829 100644
--- a/build_defs.bzl
+++ b/build_defs.bzl
@@ -68,6 +68,14 @@
             "--core-insts-output=$(location {3}) " +
             "--operand-kinds-output=$(location {4})"
         ).format(*fmtargs),
+        cmd_bat = (
+            "$(location :generate_grammar_tables) " +
+            "--spirv-core-grammar=$(location {0}) " +
+            "--extinst-debuginfo-grammar=$(location {1}) " +
+            "--extinst-cldebuginfo100-grammar=$(location {2}) " +
+            "--core-insts-output=$(location {3}) " +
+            "--operand-kinds-output=$(location {4})"
+        ).format(*fmtargs),
         tools = [":generate_grammar_tables"],
         visibility = ["//visibility:private"],
     )
@@ -97,6 +105,14 @@
             "--extension-enum-output=$(location {3}) " +
             "--enum-string-mapping-output=$(location {4})"
         ).format(*fmtargs),
+        cmd_bat = (
+            "$(location :generate_grammar_tables) " +
+            "--spirv-core-grammar=$(location {0}) " +
+            "--extinst-debuginfo-grammar=$(location {1}) " +
+            "--extinst-cldebuginfo100-grammar=$(location {2}) " +
+            "--extension-enum-output=$(location {3}) " +
+            "--enum-string-mapping-output=$(location {4})"
+        ).format(*fmtargs),
         tools = [":generate_grammar_tables"],
         visibility = ["//visibility:private"],
     )
@@ -118,6 +134,11 @@
             "--extinst-opencl-grammar=$(location {0}) " +
             "--opencl-insts-output=$(location {1})"
         ).format(*fmtargs),
+        cmd_bat = (
+            "$(location :generate_grammar_tables) " +
+            "--extinst-opencl-grammar=$(location {0}) " +
+            "--opencl-insts-output=$(location {1})"
+        ).format(*fmtargs),
         tools = [":generate_grammar_tables"],
         visibility = ["//visibility:private"],
     )
@@ -139,6 +160,11 @@
             "--extinst-glsl-grammar=$(location {0}) " +
             "--glsl-insts-output=$(location {1})"
         ).format(*fmtargs),
+        cmd_bat = (
+            "$(location :generate_grammar_tables) " +
+            "--extinst-glsl-grammar=$(location {0}) " +
+            "--glsl-insts-output=$(location {1})"
+        ).format(*fmtargs),
         tools = [":generate_grammar_tables"],
         visibility = ["//visibility:private"],
     )
@@ -161,6 +187,12 @@
             "--vendor-insts-output=$(location {1}) " +
             "--vendor-operand-kind-prefix={2}"
         ).format(*fmtargs),
+        cmd_bat = (
+            "$(location :generate_grammar_tables) " +
+            "--extinst-vendor-grammar=$(location {0}) " +
+            "--vendor-insts-output=$(location {1}) " +
+            "--vendor-operand-kind-prefix={2}"
+        ).format(*fmtargs),
         tools = [":generate_grammar_tables"],
         visibility = ["//visibility:private"],
     )
@@ -179,6 +211,11 @@
             "--extinst-grammar=$< " +
             "--extinst-output-path=$(location {0})"
         ).format(*fmtargs),
+        cmd_bat = (
+            "$(location :generate_language_headers) " +
+            "--extinst-grammar=$< " +
+            "--extinst-output-path=$(location {0})"
+        ).format(*fmtargs),
         tools = [":generate_language_headers"],
         visibility = ["//visibility:private"],
     )
diff --git a/include/spirv-tools/libspirv.h b/include/spirv-tools/libspirv.h
index 8df14f5..e1b8890 100644
--- a/include/spirv-tools/libspirv.h
+++ b/include/spirv-tools/libspirv.h
@@ -482,6 +482,7 @@
 //    SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1           ->  SPIR-V 1.3
 //    SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4 ->  SPIR-V 1.4
 //    SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2           ->  SPIR-V 1.5
+//    SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3           ->  SPIR-V 1.6
 // Consult the description of API entry points for specific rules.
 typedef enum {
   SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0,  // SPIR-V 1.0 latest revision, no other restrictions.
@@ -516,7 +517,11 @@
 
   SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5,  // SPIR-V 1.5 latest revision, no other restrictions.
   SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2,     // Vulkan 1.2 latest revision.
-  SPV_ENV_MAX             // Keep this as the last enum value.
+
+  SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6,  // SPIR-V 1.6 latest revision, no other restrictions.
+  SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3,     // Vulkan 1.3 latest revision.
+
+  SPV_ENV_MAX  // Keep this as the last enum value.
 } spv_target_env;
 
 // SPIR-V Validator can be parameterized with the following Universal Limits.
@@ -555,7 +560,7 @@
 // Creates a context object for most of the SPIRV-Tools API.
 // Returns null if env is invalid.
 //
-// See specific API calls for how the target environment is interpeted
+// See specific API calls for how the target environment is interpreted
 // (particularly assembly and validation).
 SPIRV_TOOLS_EXPORT spv_context spvContextCreate(spv_target_env env);
 
@@ -607,7 +612,7 @@
 //    set that option.
 // 2) Pointers that are pass as parameters to function calls do not have to
 //    match the storage class of the formal parameter.
-// 3) Pointers that are actaul parameters on function calls do not have to point
+// 3) Pointers that are actual parameters on function calls do not have to point
 //    to the same type pointed as the formal parameter.  The types just need to
 //    logically match.
 // 4) GLSLstd450 Interpolate* instructions can have a load of an interpolant
@@ -633,7 +638,7 @@
 // Records whether the validator should use "scalar" block layout rules.
 // Scalar layout rules are more permissive than relaxed block layout.
 //
-// See Vulkan extnesion VK_EXT_scalar_block_layout.  The scalar alignment is
+// See Vulkan extension VK_EXT_scalar_block_layout.  The scalar alignment is
 // defined as follows:
 // - scalar alignment of a scalar is the scalar size
 // - scalar alignment of a vector is the scalar alignment of its component
diff --git a/include/spirv-tools/libspirv.hpp b/include/spirv-tools/libspirv.hpp
index 8dfb46b..25eb8a1 100644
--- a/include/spirv-tools/libspirv.hpp
+++ b/include/spirv-tools/libspirv.hpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
  public:
   // Constructs a context targeting the given environment |env|.
   //
-  // See specific API calls for how the target environment is interpeted
+  // See specific API calls for how the target environment is interpreted
   // (particularly assembly and validation).
   //
   // The constructed instance will have an empty message consumer, which just
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
   //    set that option.
   // 2) Pointers that are pass as parameters to function calls do not have to
   //    match the storage class of the formal parameter.
-  // 3) Pointers that are actaul parameters on function calls do not have to
+  // 3) Pointers that are actual parameters on function calls do not have to
   //    point to the same type pointed as the formal parameter.  The types just
   //    need to logically match.
   // 4) GLSLstd450 Interpolate* instructions can have a load of an interpolant
diff --git a/include/spirv-tools/optimizer.hpp b/include/spirv-tools/optimizer.hpp
index 21059cb..fbbd9bc 100644
--- a/include/spirv-tools/optimizer.hpp
+++ b/include/spirv-tools/optimizer.hpp
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
   // consumed by the RegisterPass() method. Tokens are one-time objects that
   // only support move; copying is not allowed.
   struct PassToken {
-    struct Impl;  // Opaque struct for holding inernal data.
+    struct Impl;  // Opaque struct for holding internal data.
 
     PassToken(std::unique_ptr<Impl>);
 
@@ -227,16 +227,17 @@
 
 // Creates a strip-debug-info pass.
 // A strip-debug-info pass removes all debug instructions (as documented in
-// Section 3.32.2 of the SPIR-V spec) of the SPIR-V module to be optimized.
+// Section 3.42.2 of the SPIR-V spec) of the SPIR-V module to be optimized.
 Optimizer::PassToken CreateStripDebugInfoPass();
 
-// Creates a strip-reflect-info pass.
-// A strip-reflect-info pass removes all reflections instructions.
-// For now, this is limited to removing decorations defined in
-// SPV_GOOGLE_hlsl_functionality1.  The coverage may expand in
-// the future.
+// [Deprecated] This will create a strip-nonsemantic-info pass.  See below.
 Optimizer::PassToken CreateStripReflectInfoPass();
 
+// Creates a strip-nonsemantic-info pass.
+// A strip-nonsemantic-info pass removes all reflections and explicitly
+// non-semantic instructions.
+Optimizer::PassToken CreateStripNonSemanticInfoPass();
+
 // Creates an eliminate-dead-functions pass.
 // An eliminate-dead-functions pass will remove all functions that are not in
 // the call trees rooted at entry points and exported functions.  These
@@ -295,11 +296,11 @@
 // and can be changed in future. A spec constant is foldable if all of its
 // value(s) can be determined from the module. E.g., an integer spec constant
 // defined with OpSpecConstantOp instruction can be folded if its value won't
-// change later. This pass will replace the original OpSpecContantOp instruction
-// with an OpConstant instruction. When folding composite spec constants,
-// new instructions may be inserted to define the components of the composite
-// constant first, then the original spec constants will be replaced by
-// OpConstantComposite instructions.
+// change later. This pass will replace the original OpSpecConstantOp
+// instruction with an OpConstant instruction. When folding composite spec
+// constants, new instructions may be inserted to define the components of the
+// composite constant first, then the original spec constants will be replaced
+// by OpConstantComposite instructions.
 //
 // There are some operations not supported yet:
 //   OpSConvert, OpFConvert, OpQuantizeToF16 and
@@ -325,7 +326,7 @@
 
 // Creates a eliminate-dead-constant pass.
 // A eliminate-dead-constant pass removes dead constants, including normal
-// contants defined by OpConstant, OpConstantComposite, OpConstantTrue, or
+// constants defined by OpConstant, OpConstantComposite, OpConstantTrue, or
 // OpConstantFalse and spec constants defined by OpSpecConstant,
 // OpSpecConstantComposite, OpSpecConstantTrue, OpSpecConstantFalse or
 // OpSpecConstantOp.
@@ -389,7 +390,7 @@
 // Only modules with relaxed logical addressing (see opt/instruction.h) are
 // currently processed.
 //
-// This pass is most effective if preceeded by Inlining and
+// This pass is most effective if preceded by Inlining and
 // LocalAccessChainConvert. This pass will reduce the work needed to be done
 // by LocalSingleStoreElim and LocalMultiStoreElim.
 //
@@ -407,7 +408,7 @@
 // Note that some branches and blocks may be left to avoid creating invalid
 // control flow. Improving this is left to future work.
 //
-// This pass is most effective when preceeded by passes which eliminate
+// This pass is most effective when preceded by passes which eliminate
 // local loads and stores, effectively propagating constant values where
 // possible.
 Optimizer::PassToken CreateDeadBranchElimPass();
@@ -424,7 +425,7 @@
 // are currently processed. Currently modules with any extensions enabled are
 // not processed. This is left for future work.
 //
-// This pass is most effective if preceeded by Inlining and
+// This pass is most effective if preceded by Inlining and
 // LocalAccessChainConvert. LocalSingleStoreElim and LocalSingleBlockElim
 // will reduce the work that this pass has to do.
 Optimizer::PassToken CreateLocalMultiStoreElimPass();
@@ -519,7 +520,8 @@
 // interface are considered live and are not eliminated. This mode is needed
 // by GPU-Assisted validation instrumentation, where a change in the interface
 // is not allowed.
-Optimizer::PassToken CreateAggressiveDCEPass(bool preserve_interface = false);
+Optimizer::PassToken CreateAggressiveDCEPass();
+Optimizer::PassToken CreateAggressiveDCEPass(bool preserve_interface);
 
 // Creates a remove-unused-interface-variables pass.
 // Removes variables referenced on the |OpEntryPoint| instruction that are not
@@ -628,7 +630,7 @@
 Optimizer::PassToken CreateScalarReplacementPass(uint32_t size_limit = 100);
 
 // Create a private to local pass.
-// This pass looks for variables delcared in the private storage class that are
+// This pass looks for variables declared in the private storage class that are
 // used in only one function.  Those variables are moved to the function storage
 // class in the function that they are used.
 Optimizer::PassToken CreatePrivateToLocalPass();
@@ -833,6 +835,19 @@
 //   inclusive.
 Optimizer::PassToken CreateGraphicsRobustAccessPass();
 
+// Create a pass to spread Volatile semantics to variables with SMIDNV,
+// WarpIDNV, SubgroupSize, SubgroupLocalInvocationId, SubgroupEqMask,
+// SubgroupGeMask, SubgroupGtMask, SubgroupLeMask, or SubgroupLtMask BuiltIn
+// decorations or OpLoad for them when the shader model is the ray generation,
+// closest hit, miss, intersection, or callable. This pass can be used for
+// VUID-StandaloneSpirv-VulkanMemoryModel-04678 and
+// VUID-StandaloneSpirv-VulkanMemoryModel-04679 (See "Standalone SPIR-V
+// Validation" section of Vulkan spec "Appendix A: Vulkan Environment for
+// SPIR-V"). When the SPIR-V version is 1.6 or above, the pass also spreads
+// the Volatile semantics to a variable with HelperInvocation BuiltIn decoration
+// in the fragement shader.
+Optimizer::PassToken CreateSpreadVolatileSemanticsPass();
+
 // Create a pass to replace a descriptor access using variable index.
 // This pass replaces every access using a variable index to array variable
 // |desc| that has a DescriptorSet and Binding decorations with a constant
@@ -871,6 +886,13 @@
 // propagated into their final positions.
 Optimizer::PassToken CreateInterpolateFixupPass();
 
+// Removes unused components from composite input variables. Current
+// implementation just removes trailing unused components from input arrays.
+// The pass performs best after maximizing dead code removal. A subsequent dead
+// code elimination pass would be beneficial in removing newly unused component
+// types.
+Optimizer::PassToken CreateEliminateDeadInputComponentsPass();
+
 // Creates a convert-to-sampled-image pass to convert images and/or
 // samplers with given pairs of descriptor set and binding to sampled image.
 // If a pair of an image and a sampler have the same pair of descriptor set and
@@ -881,6 +903,10 @@
     const std::vector<opt::DescriptorSetAndBinding>&
         descriptor_set_binding_pairs);
 
+// Creates a remove-dont-inline pass to remove the |DontInline| function control
+// from every function in the module.  This is useful if you want the inliner to
+// inline these functions some reason.
+Optimizer::PassToken CreateRemoveDontInlinePass();
 }  // namespace spvtools
 
 #endif  // INCLUDE_SPIRV_TOOLS_OPTIMIZER_HPP_
diff --git a/kokoro/macos-clang-release-bazel/build.sh b/kokoro/macos-clang-release-bazel/build.sh
index d2a516f..c62611a 100644
--- a/kokoro/macos-clang-release-bazel/build.sh
+++ b/kokoro/macos-clang-release-bazel/build.sh
@@ -31,14 +31,14 @@
 git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/google/effcee              external/effcee
 git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/google/re2                 external/re2
 
-# Get bazel 0.29.1.
-gsutil cp gs://bazel/0.29.1/release/bazel-0.29.1-darwin-x86_64 .
-chmod +x bazel-0.29.1-darwin-x86_64
+# Get bazel 5.0.0
+gsutil cp gs://bazel/5.0.0/release/bazel-5.0.0-darwin-x86_64 .
+chmod +x bazel-5.0.0-darwin-x86_64
 
 echo $(date): Build everything...
-./bazel-0.29.1-darwin-x86_64 build :all
+./bazel-5.0.0-darwin-x86_64 build :all
 echo $(date): Build completed.
 
 echo $(date): Starting bazel test...
-./bazel-0.29.1-darwin-x86_64 test :all
+./bazel-5.0.0-darwin-x86_64 test :all
 echo $(date): Bazel test completed.
diff --git a/kokoro/scripts/linux/build-docker.sh b/kokoro/scripts/linux/build-docker.sh
index 8f76803..80043b8 100755
--- a/kokoro/scripts/linux/build-docker.sh
+++ b/kokoro/scripts/linux/build-docker.sh
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@
 
   echo $(date): ndk-build completed.
 elif [ $TOOL = "bazel" ]; then
-  using bazel-3.1.0
+  using bazel-5.0.0
 
   echo $(date): Build everything...
   bazel build :all
diff --git a/kokoro/scripts/linux/build.sh b/kokoro/scripts/linux/build.sh
index 4731ebd..85d4b61 100644
--- a/kokoro/scripts/linux/build.sh
+++ b/kokoro/scripts/linux/build.sh
@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@
 TOOL=$3
 BUILD_SHA=${KOKORO_GITHUB_COMMIT:-$KOKORO_GITHUB_PULL_REQUEST_COMMIT}
 
+# "--privileged" is required to run ptrace in the asan builds.
 docker run --rm -i \
+  --privileged \
   --volume "${ROOT_DIR}:${ROOT_DIR}" \
   --volume "${KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR}:${KOKORO_ARTIFACTS_DIR}" \
   --workdir "${ROOT_DIR}" \
diff --git a/kokoro/windows-msvc-2015-release-bazel/build.bat b/kokoro/windows-msvc-2015-release-bazel/build.bat
index 2f721af..de20b0a 100644
--- a/kokoro/windows-msvc-2015-release-bazel/build.bat
+++ b/kokoro/windows-msvc-2015-release-bazel/build.bat
@@ -30,14 +30,13 @@
 git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/google/re2                 external/re2
 
 :: REM Install Bazel.
-wget -q https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/releases/download/0.29.1/bazel-0.29.1-windows-x86_64.zip
-unzip -q bazel-0.29.1-windows-x86_64.zip
+wget -q https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/releases/download/5.0.0/bazel-5.0.0-windows-x86_64.zip
+unzip -q bazel-5.0.0-windows-x86_64.zip
 
 :: Set up MSVC
 call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat" x64
 set BAZEL_VS=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0
 set BAZEL_VC=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC
-set BAZEL_SH=c:\tools\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe
 set BAZEL_PYTHON=c:\tools\python2\python.exe
 
 :: #########################################
diff --git a/source/CMakeLists.txt b/source/CMakeLists.txt
index 331ff67..f0dcadd 100644
--- a/source/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -217,15 +217,18 @@
 add_subdirectory(fuzz)
 add_subdirectory(link)
 add_subdirectory(lint)
+add_subdirectory(diff)
 
 set(SPIRV_SOURCES
   ${spirv-tools_SOURCE_DIR}/include/spirv-tools/libspirv.h
 
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/util/bitutils.h
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/util/bit_vector.h
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/util/hash_combine.h
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/util/hex_float.h
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/util/make_unique.h
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/util/parse_number.h
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/util/pooled_linked_list.h
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/util/small_vector.h
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/util/string_utils.h
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/util/timer.h
diff --git a/source/assembly_grammar.cpp b/source/assembly_grammar.cpp
index 79f18ee..4f5942a 100644
--- a/source/assembly_grammar.cpp
+++ b/source/assembly_grammar.cpp
@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@
     end = std::find(begin, text_end, separator);
 
     spv_operand_desc entry = nullptr;
-    if (spvOperandTableNameLookup(env, operandTable, type, begin, end - begin,
-                                  &entry)) {
-      return SPV_ERROR_INVALID_TEXT;
+    if (auto error = spvOperandTableNameLookup(env, operandTable, type, begin,
+                                               end - begin, &entry)) {
+      return error;
     }
     value |= entry->value;
 
diff --git a/source/binary.cpp b/source/binary.cpp
index 93d5da7..24d32f8 100644
--- a/source/binary.cpp
+++ b/source/binary.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include "source/operand.h"
 #include "source/spirv_constant.h"
 #include "source/spirv_endian.h"
+#include "source/util/string_utils.h"
 
 spv_result_t spvBinaryHeaderGet(const spv_const_binary binary,
                                 const spv_endianness_t endian,
@@ -62,6 +63,15 @@
   return SPV_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+std::string spvDecodeLiteralStringOperand(const spv_parsed_instruction_t& inst,
+                                          const uint16_t operand_index) {
+  assert(operand_index < inst.num_operands);
+  const spv_parsed_operand_t& operand = inst.operands[operand_index];
+
+  return spvtools::utils::MakeString(inst.words + operand.offset,
+                                     operand.num_words);
+}
+
 namespace {
 
 // A SPIR-V binary parser.  A parser instance communicates detailed parse
@@ -205,7 +215,7 @@
     size_t word_index;           // The current position in words.
     size_t instruction_count;    // The count of processed instructions
     spv_endianness_t endian;     // The endianness of the binary.
-    // Is the SPIR-V binary in a different endiannes from the host native
+    // Is the SPIR-V binary in a different endianness from the host native
     // endianness?
     bool requires_endian_conversion;
 
@@ -290,7 +300,7 @@
   const uint32_t first_word = peek();
 
   // If the module's endianness is different from the host native endianness,
-  // then converted_words contains the the endian-translated words in the
+  // then converted_words contains the endian-translated words in the
   // instruction.
   _.endian_converted_words.clear();
   _.endian_converted_words.push_back(first_word);
@@ -577,27 +587,18 @@
 
     case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_STRING:
     case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_OPTIONAL_LITERAL_STRING: {
-      convert_operand_endianness = false;
-      const char* string =
-          reinterpret_cast<const char*>(_.words + _.word_index);
-      // Compute the length of the string, but make sure we don't run off the
-      // end of the input.
-      const size_t remaining_input_bytes =
-          sizeof(uint32_t) * (_.num_words - _.word_index);
-      const size_t string_num_content_bytes =
-          spv_strnlen_s(string, remaining_input_bytes);
-      // If there was no terminating null byte, then that's an end-of-input
-      // error.
-      if (string_num_content_bytes == remaining_input_bytes)
+      const size_t max_words = _.num_words - _.word_index;
+      std::string string =
+          spvtools::utils::MakeString(_.words + _.word_index, max_words, false);
+
+      if (string.length() == max_words * 4)
         return exhaustedInputDiagnostic(inst_offset, opcode, type);
-      // Account for null in the word length, so add 1 for null, then add 3 to
-      // make sure we round up.  The following is equivalent to:
-      //    (string_num_content_bytes + 1 + 3) / 4
-      const size_t string_num_words = string_num_content_bytes / 4 + 1;
+
       // Make sure we can record the word count without overflow.
       //
       // This error can't currently be triggered because of validity
       // checks elsewhere.
+      const size_t string_num_words = string.length() / 4 + 1;
       if (string_num_words > std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()) {
         return diagnostic() << "Literal string is longer than "
                             << std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()
@@ -611,7 +612,7 @@
         // There is only one string literal argument to OpExtInstImport,
         // so it's sufficient to guard this just on the opcode.
         const spv_ext_inst_type_t ext_inst_type =
-            spvExtInstImportTypeGet(string);
+            spvExtInstImportTypeGet(string.c_str());
         if (SPV_EXT_INST_TYPE_NONE == ext_inst_type) {
           return diagnostic()
                  << "Invalid extended instruction import '" << string << "'";
diff --git a/source/binary.h b/source/binary.h
index 66d24c7..eb3beac 100644
--- a/source/binary.h
+++ b/source/binary.h
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 #ifndef SOURCE_BINARY_H_
 #define SOURCE_BINARY_H_
 
+#include <string>
+
 #include "source/spirv_definition.h"
 #include "spirv-tools/libspirv.h"
 
@@ -33,4 +35,9 @@
 // replacement for C11's strnlen_s which might not exist in all environments.
 size_t spv_strnlen_s(const char* str, size_t strsz);
 
+// Decode the string literal operand with index operand_index from instruction
+// inst.
+std::string spvDecodeLiteralStringOperand(const spv_parsed_instruction_t& inst,
+                                          const uint16_t operand_index);
+
 #endif  // SOURCE_BINARY_H_
diff --git a/source/cfa.h b/source/cfa.h
index 0d09014..7cadf55 100644
--- a/source/cfa.h
+++ b/source/cfa.h
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 
   /// Returns true if a block with @p id is found in the @p work_list vector
   ///
-  /// @param[in] work_list  Set of blocks visited in the the depth first
+  /// @param[in] work_list  Set of blocks visited in the depth first
   /// traversal
   ///                       of the CFG
   /// @param[in] id         The ID of the block being checked
diff --git a/source/diff/CMakeLists.txt b/source/diff/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1328699
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/diff/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+set(SPIRV_TOOLS_DIFF_SOURCES
+  diff.h
+  lcs.h
+
+  diff.cpp
+)
+
+add_library(SPIRV-Tools-diff ${SPIRV_TOOLS_LIBRARY_TYPE} ${SPIRV_TOOLS_DIFF_SOURCES})
+
+spvtools_default_compile_options(SPIRV-Tools-diff)
+target_include_directories(SPIRV-Tools-diff
+  PUBLIC
+	$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${spirv-tools_SOURCE_DIR}/include>
+	$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${SPIRV_HEADER_INCLUDE_DIR}>
+	$<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>
+  PRIVATE ${spirv-tools_BINARY_DIR}
+)
+# We need the assembling and disassembling functionalities in the main library.
+target_link_libraries(SPIRV-Tools-diff
+  PUBLIC ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
+# We need the internals of spirv-opt.
+target_link_libraries(SPIRV-Tools-diff
+  PUBLIC SPIRV-Tools-opt)
+
+set_property(TARGET SPIRV-Tools-diff PROPERTY FOLDER "SPIRV-Tools libraries")
+spvtools_check_symbol_exports(SPIRV-Tools-diff)
+
+if(ENABLE_SPIRV_TOOLS_INSTALL)
+  install(TARGETS SPIRV-Tools-diff EXPORT SPIRV-Tools-diffTargets
+    RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
+    LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
+    ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
+  export(EXPORT SPIRV-Tools-diffTargets FILE SPIRV-Tools-diffTargets.cmake)
+
+  spvtools_config_package_dir(SPIRV-Tools-diff PACKAGE_DIR)
+  install(EXPORT SPIRV-Tools-diffTargets FILE SPIRV-Tools-diffTargets.cmake
+  	DESTINATION ${PACKAGE_DIR})
+
+  spvtools_generate_config_file(SPIRV-Tools-diff)
+  install(FILES ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/SPIRV-Tools-diffConfig.cmake DESTINATION ${PACKAGE_DIR})
+endif(ENABLE_SPIRV_TOOLS_INSTALL)
diff --git a/source/diff/diff.cpp b/source/diff/diff.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bca31b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/diff/diff.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2862 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "source/diff/diff.h"
+
+#include "source/diff/lcs.h"
+#include "source/disassemble.h"
+#include "source/ext_inst.h"
+#include "source/latest_version_spirv_header.h"
+#include "source/print.h"
+#include "spirv-tools/libspirv.hpp"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+
+namespace {
+
+// A map from an id to the instruction that defines it.
+using IdToInstructionMap = std::vector<const opt::Instruction*>;
+// A map from an id to the instructions that decorate it, or name it, etc.
+using IdToInfoMap = std::vector<std::vector<const opt::Instruction*>>;
+// A map from an instruction to another, used for instructions without id.
+using InstructionToInstructionMap =
+    std::unordered_map<const opt::Instruction*, const opt::Instruction*>;
+// A flat list of instructions in a function for easier iteration.
+using InstructionList = std::vector<const opt::Instruction*>;
+// A map from a function to its list of instructions.
+using FunctionInstMap = std::map<uint32_t, InstructionList>;
+// A list of ids with some similar property, for example functions with the same
+// name.
+using IdGroup = std::vector<uint32_t>;
+// A map of names to ids with the same name.  This is an ordered map so
+// different implementations produce identical results.
+using IdGroupMapByName = std::map<std::string, IdGroup>;
+using IdGroupMapByTypeId = std::map<uint32_t, IdGroup>;
+using IdGroupMapByOp = std::map<SpvOp, IdGroup>;
+using IdGroupMapByStorageClass = std::map<SpvStorageClass, IdGroup>;
+
+// A set of potential id mappings that haven't been resolved yet.  Any id in src
+// may map in any id in dst.  Note that ids are added in the same order as they
+// appear in src and dst to facilitate matching dependent instructions.  For
+// example, this guarantees that when matching OpTypeVector, the basic type of
+// the vector is already (potentially) matched.
+struct PotentialIdMap {
+  std::vector<uint32_t> src_ids;
+  std::vector<uint32_t> dst_ids;
+};
+
+void CompactIds(std::vector<uint32_t>& ids) {
+  size_t write_index = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < ids.size(); ++i) {
+    if (ids[i] != 0) {
+      ids[write_index++] = ids[i];
+    }
+  }
+  ids.resize(write_index);
+}
+
+// A mapping between src and dst ids.
+class IdMap {
+ public:
+  IdMap(size_t id_bound) { id_map_.resize(id_bound, 0); }
+
+  void MapIds(uint32_t from, uint32_t to) {
+    assert(from != 0);
+    assert(to != 0);
+    assert(from < id_map_.size());
+    assert(id_map_[from] == 0);
+
+    id_map_[from] = to;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t MappedId(uint32_t from) const {
+    assert(from != 0);
+    return from < id_map_.size() ? id_map_[from] : 0;
+  }
+  const opt::Instruction* MappedInst(const opt::Instruction* from_inst) const {
+    assert(from_inst != nullptr);
+    assert(!from_inst->HasResultId());
+
+    auto mapped = inst_map_.find(from_inst);
+    if (mapped == inst_map_.end()) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    return mapped->second;
+  }
+
+  bool IsMapped(uint32_t from) const {
+    assert(from != 0);
+    return from < id_map_.size() && id_map_[from] != 0;
+  }
+
+  // Map any ids in src and dst that have not been mapped to new ids in dst and
+  // src respectively.
+  void MapUnmatchedIds(IdMap& other_way);
+
+  // Some instructions don't have result ids.  Those are mapped by pointer.
+  void MapInsts(const opt::Instruction* from_inst,
+                const opt::Instruction* to_inst) {
+    assert(from_inst != nullptr);
+    assert(to_inst != nullptr);
+    assert(inst_map_.find(from_inst) == inst_map_.end());
+
+    inst_map_[from_inst] = to_inst;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t IdBound() const { return static_cast<uint32_t>(id_map_.size()); }
+
+ private:
+  // Given an id, returns the corresponding id in the other module, or 0 if not
+  // matched yet.
+  std::vector<uint32_t> id_map_;
+
+  // Same for instructions that don't have an id.
+  InstructionToInstructionMap inst_map_;
+};
+
+// Two way mapping of ids.
+class SrcDstIdMap {
+ public:
+  SrcDstIdMap(size_t src_id_bound, size_t dst_id_bound)
+      : src_to_dst_(src_id_bound), dst_to_src_(dst_id_bound) {}
+
+  void MapIds(uint32_t src, uint32_t dst) {
+    src_to_dst_.MapIds(src, dst);
+    dst_to_src_.MapIds(dst, src);
+  }
+
+  uint32_t MappedDstId(uint32_t src) {
+    uint32_t dst = src_to_dst_.MappedId(src);
+    assert(dst == 0 || dst_to_src_.MappedId(dst) == src);
+    return dst;
+  }
+  uint32_t MappedSrcId(uint32_t dst) {
+    uint32_t src = dst_to_src_.MappedId(dst);
+    assert(src == 0 || src_to_dst_.MappedId(src) == dst);
+    return src;
+  }
+
+  bool IsSrcMapped(uint32_t src) { return src_to_dst_.IsMapped(src); }
+  bool IsDstMapped(uint32_t dst) { return dst_to_src_.IsMapped(dst); }
+
+  // Map any ids in src and dst that have not been mapped to new ids in dst and
+  // src respectively.
+  void MapUnmatchedIds();
+
+  // Some instructions don't have result ids.  Those are mapped by pointer.
+  void MapInsts(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                const opt::Instruction* dst_inst) {
+    assert(src_inst->HasResultId() == dst_inst->HasResultId());
+    if (src_inst->HasResultId()) {
+      MapIds(src_inst->result_id(), dst_inst->result_id());
+    } else {
+      src_to_dst_.MapInsts(src_inst, dst_inst);
+      dst_to_src_.MapInsts(dst_inst, src_inst);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const IdMap& SrcToDstMap() const { return src_to_dst_; }
+  const IdMap& DstToSrcMap() const { return dst_to_src_; }
+
+ private:
+  IdMap src_to_dst_;
+  IdMap dst_to_src_;
+};
+
+struct IdInstructions {
+  IdInstructions(const opt::Module* module)
+      : inst_map_(module->IdBound(), nullptr),
+        name_map_(module->IdBound()),
+        decoration_map_(module->IdBound()),
+        forward_pointer_map_(module->IdBound()) {
+    // Map ids from all sections to instructions that define them.
+    MapIdsToInstruction(module->ext_inst_imports());
+    MapIdsToInstruction(module->types_values());
+    for (const opt::Function& function : *module) {
+      function.ForEachInst(
+          [this](const opt::Instruction* inst) {
+            if (inst->HasResultId()) {
+              MapIdToInstruction(inst->result_id(), inst);
+            }
+          },
+          true, true);
+    }
+
+    // Gather decorations applied to ids that could be useful in matching them
+    // between src and dst modules.
+    MapIdsToInfos(module->debugs2());
+    MapIdsToInfos(module->annotations());
+    MapIdsToInfos(module->types_values());
+  }
+
+  void MapIdToInstruction(uint32_t id, const opt::Instruction* inst);
+
+  void MapIdsToInstruction(
+      opt::IteratorRange<opt::Module::const_inst_iterator> section);
+  void MapIdsToInfos(
+      opt::IteratorRange<opt::Module::const_inst_iterator> section);
+
+  IdToInstructionMap inst_map_;
+  IdToInfoMap name_map_;
+  IdToInfoMap decoration_map_;
+  IdToInstructionMap forward_pointer_map_;
+};
+
+class Differ {
+ public:
+  Differ(opt::IRContext* src, opt::IRContext* dst, std::ostream& out,
+         Options options)
+      : src_context_(src),
+        dst_context_(dst),
+        src_(src->module()),
+        dst_(dst->module()),
+        options_(options),
+        out_(out),
+        src_id_to_(src_),
+        dst_id_to_(dst_),
+        id_map_(src_->IdBound(), dst_->IdBound()) {
+    // Cache function bodies in canonicalization order.
+    GetFunctionBodies(src_context_, &src_funcs_, &src_func_insts_);
+    GetFunctionBodies(dst_context_, &dst_funcs_, &dst_func_insts_);
+  }
+
+  // Match ids or instructions of different sections.
+  void MatchCapabilities();
+  void MatchExtensions();
+  void MatchExtInstImportIds();
+  void MatchMemoryModel();
+  void MatchEntryPointIds();
+  void MatchExecutionModes();
+  void MatchTypeForwardPointers();
+  void MatchTypeIds();
+  void MatchConstants();
+  void MatchVariableIds();
+  void MatchFunctions();
+
+  // Debug info and annotations are matched only after ids are matched.
+  void MatchDebugs1();
+  void MatchDebugs2();
+  void MatchDebugs3();
+  void MatchExtInstDebugInfo();
+  void MatchAnnotations();
+
+  // Output the diff.
+  spv_result_t Output();
+
+  void DumpIdMap() {
+    if (!options_.dump_id_map) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    out_ << " Src ->  Dst\n";
+    for (uint32_t src_id = 1; src_id < src_->IdBound(); ++src_id) {
+      uint32_t dst_id = id_map_.MappedDstId(src_id);
+      if (src_id_to_.inst_map_[src_id] != nullptr && dst_id != 0)
+        out_ << std::setw(4) << src_id << " -> " << std::setw(4) << dst_id
+             << " [" << spvOpcodeString(src_id_to_.inst_map_[src_id]->opcode())
+             << "]\n";
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Helper functions that match ids between src and dst
+  void PoolPotentialIds(
+      opt::IteratorRange<opt::Module::const_inst_iterator> section,
+      std::vector<uint32_t>& ids, bool is_src,
+      std::function<bool(const opt::Instruction&)> filter,
+      std::function<uint32_t(const opt::Instruction&)> get_id);
+  void MatchIds(
+      PotentialIdMap& potential,
+      std::function<bool(const opt::Instruction*, const opt::Instruction*)>
+          match);
+  // Helper functions that match id-less instructions between src and dst.
+  void MatchPreambleInstructions(
+      opt::IteratorRange<opt::Module::const_inst_iterator> src_insts,
+      opt::IteratorRange<opt::Module::const_inst_iterator> dst_insts);
+  InstructionList SortPreambleInstructions(
+      const opt::Module* module,
+      opt::IteratorRange<opt::Module::const_inst_iterator> insts);
+  int ComparePreambleInstructions(const opt::Instruction* a,
+                                  const opt::Instruction* b,
+                                  const opt::Module* src_inst_module,
+                                  const opt::Module* dst_inst_module);
+  // Helper functions that match debug and annotation instructions of already
+  // matched ids.
+  void MatchDebugAndAnnotationInstructions(
+      opt::IteratorRange<opt::Module::const_inst_iterator> src_insts,
+      opt::IteratorRange<opt::Module::const_inst_iterator> dst_insts);
+
+  // Get various properties from an id.  These Helper functions are passed to
+  // `GroupIds` and `GroupIdsAndMatch` below (as the `get_group` argument).
+  uint32_t GroupIdsHelperGetTypeId(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id);
+  SpvStorageClass GroupIdsHelperGetTypePointerStorageClass(
+      const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id);
+  SpvOp GroupIdsHelperGetTypePointerTypeOp(const IdInstructions& id_to,
+                                           uint32_t id);
+
+  // Given a list of ids, groups them based on some value.  The `get_group`
+  // function extracts a piece of information corresponding to each id, and the
+  // ids are bucketed based on that (and output in `groups`).  This is useful to
+  // attempt to match ids between src and dst only when said property is
+  // identical.
+  template <typename T>
+  void GroupIds(const IdGroup& ids, bool is_src, std::map<T, IdGroup>* groups,
+                T (Differ::*get_group)(const IdInstructions&, uint32_t));
+
+  // Calls GroupIds to bucket ids in src and dst based on a property returned by
+  // `get_group`.  This function then calls `match_group` for each bucket (i.e.
+  // "group") with identical values for said property.
+  //
+  // For example, say src and dst ids have the following properties
+  // correspondingly:
+  //
+  // - src ids' properties: {id0: A, id1: A, id2: B, id3: C, id4: B}
+  // - dst ids' properties: {id0': B, id1': C, id2': B, id3': D, id4': B}
+  //
+  // Then `match_group` is called 2 times:
+  //
+  // - Once with: ([id2, id4], [id0', id2', id4']) corresponding to B
+  // - Once with: ([id3], [id2']) corresponding to C
+  //
+  // Ids corresponding to A and D cannot match based on this property.
+  template <typename T>
+  void GroupIdsAndMatch(
+      const IdGroup& src_ids, const IdGroup& dst_ids, T invalid_group_key,
+      T (Differ::*get_group)(const IdInstructions&, uint32_t),
+      std::function<void(const IdGroup& src_group, const IdGroup& dst_group)>
+          match_group);
+
+  // Helper functions that determine if two instructions match
+  bool DoIdsMatch(uint32_t src_id, uint32_t dst_id);
+  bool DoesOperandMatch(const opt::Operand& src_operand,
+                        const opt::Operand& dst_operand);
+  bool DoOperandsMatch(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                       const opt::Instruction* dst_inst,
+                       uint32_t in_operand_index_start,
+                       uint32_t in_operand_count);
+  bool DoInstructionsMatch(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                           const opt::Instruction* dst_inst);
+  bool DoIdsMatchFuzzy(uint32_t src_id, uint32_t dst_id);
+  bool DoesOperandMatchFuzzy(const opt::Operand& src_operand,
+                             const opt::Operand& dst_operand);
+  bool DoInstructionsMatchFuzzy(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                                const opt::Instruction* dst_inst);
+  bool AreIdenticalUintConstants(uint32_t src_id, uint32_t dst_id);
+  bool DoDebugAndAnnotationInstructionsMatch(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                                             const opt::Instruction* dst_inst);
+  bool AreVariablesMatchable(uint32_t src_id, uint32_t dst_id,
+                             uint32_t flexibility);
+  bool MatchOpTypeStruct(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                         const opt::Instruction* dst_inst,
+                         uint32_t flexibility);
+  bool MatchOpConstant(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                       const opt::Instruction* dst_inst, uint32_t flexibility);
+  bool MatchOpSpecConstant(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                           const opt::Instruction* dst_inst);
+  bool MatchOpVariable(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                       const opt::Instruction* dst_inst, uint32_t flexibility);
+  bool MatchPerVertexType(uint32_t src_type_id, uint32_t dst_type_id);
+  bool MatchPerVertexVariable(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                              const opt::Instruction* dst_inst);
+
+  // Helper functions for matching OpTypeForwardPointer
+  void MatchTypeForwardPointersByName(const IdGroup& src, const IdGroup& dst);
+  void MatchTypeForwardPointersByTypeOp(const IdGroup& src, const IdGroup& dst);
+
+  // Helper functions for function matching.
+  using FunctionMap = std::map<uint32_t, const opt::Function*>;
+
+  InstructionList GetFunctionBody(opt::IRContext* context,
+                                  opt::Function& function);
+  InstructionList GetFunctionHeader(const opt::Function& function);
+  void GetFunctionBodies(opt::IRContext* context, FunctionMap* functions,
+                         FunctionInstMap* function_insts);
+  void GetFunctionHeaderInstructions(const opt::Module* module,
+                                     FunctionInstMap* function_insts);
+  void BestEffortMatchFunctions(const IdGroup& src_func_ids,
+                                const IdGroup& dst_func_ids,
+                                const FunctionInstMap& src_func_insts,
+                                const FunctionInstMap& dst_func_insts);
+
+  // Calculates the diff of two function bodies.  Note that the matched
+  // instructions themselves may not be identical; output of exact matches
+  // should produce the exact instruction while inexact matches should produce a
+  // diff as well.
+  //
+  // Returns the similarity of the two bodies = 2*N_match / (N_src + N_dst)
+  void MatchFunctionParamIds(const opt::Function* src_func,
+                             const opt::Function* dst_func);
+  float MatchFunctionBodies(const InstructionList& src_body,
+                            const InstructionList& dst_body,
+                            DiffMatch* src_match_result,
+                            DiffMatch* dst_match_result);
+  void MatchIdsInFunctionBodies(const InstructionList& src_body,
+                                const InstructionList& dst_body,
+                                const DiffMatch& src_match_result,
+                                const DiffMatch& dst_match_result,
+                                uint32_t flexibility);
+  void MatchVariablesUsedByMatchedInstructions(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                                               const opt::Instruction* dst_inst,
+                                               uint32_t flexibility);
+
+  // Helper functions to retrieve information pertaining to an id
+  const opt::Instruction* GetInst(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id);
+  uint32_t GetConstantUint(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t constant_id);
+  SpvExecutionModel GetExecutionModel(const opt::Module* module,
+                                      uint32_t entry_point_id);
+  bool HasName(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id);
+  // Get the OpName associated with an id
+  std::string GetName(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id, bool* has_name);
+  // Get the OpName associated with an id, with argument types stripped for
+  // functions.  Some tools don't encode function argument types in the OpName
+  // string, and this improves diff between SPIR-V from those tools and others.
+  std::string GetSanitizedName(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id);
+  uint32_t GetVarTypeId(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t var_id,
+                        SpvStorageClass* storage_class);
+  bool GetDecorationValue(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id,
+                          SpvDecoration decoration, uint32_t* decoration_value);
+  const opt::Instruction* GetForwardPointerInst(const IdInstructions& id_to,
+                                                uint32_t id);
+  bool IsIntType(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t type_id);
+  bool IsFloatType(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t type_id);
+  bool IsConstantUint(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id);
+  bool IsVariable(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t pointer_id);
+  bool IsOp(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id, SpvOp opcode);
+  bool IsPerVertexType(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t type_id);
+  bool IsPerVertexVariable(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t type_id);
+  SpvStorageClass GetPerVertexStorageClass(const opt::Module* module,
+                                           uint32_t type_id);
+  spv_ext_inst_type_t GetExtInstType(const IdInstructions& id_to,
+                                     uint32_t set_id);
+  spv_number_kind_t GetNumberKind(const IdInstructions& id_to,
+                                  const opt::Instruction& inst,
+                                  uint32_t operand_index,
+                                  uint32_t* number_bit_width);
+  spv_number_kind_t GetTypeNumberKind(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id,
+                                      uint32_t* number_bit_width);
+
+  // Helper functions to output a diff line
+  const opt::Instruction* MappedDstInst(const opt::Instruction* src_inst);
+  const opt::Instruction* MappedSrcInst(const opt::Instruction* dst_inst);
+  const opt::Instruction* MappedInstImpl(const opt::Instruction* inst,
+                                         const IdMap& to_other,
+                                         const IdInstructions& other_id_to);
+  void OutputLine(std::function<bool()> are_lines_identical,
+                  std::function<void()> output_src_line,
+                  std::function<void()> output_dst_line);
+  template <typename InstList>
+  void OutputSection(
+      const InstList& src_insts, const InstList& dst_insts,
+      std::function<void(const opt::Instruction&, const IdInstructions&,
+                         const opt::Instruction&)>
+          write_inst);
+  void ToParsedInstruction(const opt::Instruction& inst,
+                           const IdInstructions& id_to,
+                           const opt::Instruction& original_inst,
+                           spv_parsed_instruction_t* parsed_inst,
+                           std::vector<spv_parsed_operand_t>& parsed_operands,
+                           std::vector<uint32_t>& inst_binary);
+  opt::Instruction ToMappedSrcIds(const opt::Instruction& dst_inst);
+
+  void OutputRed() {
+    if (options_.color_output) out_ << spvtools::clr::red{true};
+  }
+  void OutputGreen() {
+    if (options_.color_output) out_ << spvtools::clr::green{true};
+  }
+  void OutputResetColor() {
+    if (options_.color_output) out_ << spvtools::clr::reset{true};
+  }
+
+  opt::IRContext* src_context_;
+  opt::IRContext* dst_context_;
+  const opt::Module* src_;
+  const opt::Module* dst_;
+  Options options_;
+  std::ostream& out_;
+
+  // Helpers to look up instructions based on id.
+  IdInstructions src_id_to_;
+  IdInstructions dst_id_to_;
+
+  // The ids that have been matched between src and dst so far.
+  SrcDstIdMap id_map_;
+
+  // List of instructions in function bodies after canonicalization.  Cached
+  // here to avoid duplicate work.  More importantly, some maps use
+  // opt::Instruction pointers so they need to be unique.
+  FunctionInstMap src_func_insts_;
+  FunctionInstMap dst_func_insts_;
+  FunctionMap src_funcs_;
+  FunctionMap dst_funcs_;
+};
+
+void IdMap::MapUnmatchedIds(IdMap& other_way) {
+  const uint32_t src_id_bound = static_cast<uint32_t>(id_map_.size());
+  const uint32_t dst_id_bound = static_cast<uint32_t>(other_way.id_map_.size());
+
+  uint32_t next_src_id = src_id_bound;
+  uint32_t next_dst_id = dst_id_bound;
+
+  for (uint32_t src_id = 1; src_id < src_id_bound; ++src_id) {
+    if (!IsMapped(src_id)) {
+      MapIds(src_id, next_dst_id);
+
+      other_way.id_map_.push_back(0);
+      other_way.MapIds(next_dst_id++, src_id);
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (uint32_t dst_id = 1; dst_id < dst_id_bound; ++dst_id) {
+    if (!other_way.IsMapped(dst_id)) {
+      id_map_.push_back(0);
+      MapIds(next_src_id, dst_id);
+
+      other_way.MapIds(dst_id, next_src_id++);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void SrcDstIdMap::MapUnmatchedIds() {
+  src_to_dst_.MapUnmatchedIds(dst_to_src_);
+}
+
+void IdInstructions::MapIdToInstruction(uint32_t id,
+                                        const opt::Instruction* inst) {
+  assert(id != 0);
+  assert(id < inst_map_.size());
+  assert(inst_map_[id] == nullptr);
+
+  inst_map_[id] = inst;
+}
+
+void IdInstructions::MapIdsToInstruction(
+    opt::IteratorRange<opt::Module::const_inst_iterator> section) {
+  for (const opt::Instruction& inst : section) {
+    uint32_t result_id = inst.result_id();
+    if (result_id == 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    MapIdToInstruction(result_id, &inst);
+  }
+}
+
+void IdInstructions::MapIdsToInfos(
+    opt::IteratorRange<opt::Module::const_inst_iterator> section) {
+  for (const opt::Instruction& inst : section) {
+    IdToInfoMap* info_map = nullptr;
+    uint32_t id_operand = 0;
+
+    switch (inst.opcode()) {
+      case SpvOpName:
+        info_map = &name_map_;
+        break;
+      case SpvOpMemberName:
+        info_map = &name_map_;
+        break;
+      case SpvOpDecorate:
+        info_map = &decoration_map_;
+        break;
+      case SpvOpMemberDecorate:
+        info_map = &decoration_map_;
+        break;
+      case SpvOpTypeForwardPointer: {
+        uint32_t id = inst.GetSingleWordOperand(0);
+        assert(id != 0);
+
+        assert(id < forward_pointer_map_.size());
+        forward_pointer_map_[id] = &inst;
+        continue;
+      }
+      default:
+        // Currently unsupported instruction, don't attempt to use it for
+        // matching.
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (info_map == nullptr) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t id = inst.GetOperand(id_operand).AsId();
+    assert(id != 0);
+
+    assert(id < info_map->size());
+    assert(std::find((*info_map)[id].begin(), (*info_map)[id].end(), &inst) ==
+           (*info_map)[id].end());
+
+    (*info_map)[id].push_back(&inst);
+  }
+}
+
+void Differ::PoolPotentialIds(
+    opt::IteratorRange<opt::Module::const_inst_iterator> section,
+    std::vector<uint32_t>& ids, bool is_src,
+    std::function<bool(const opt::Instruction&)> filter,
+    std::function<uint32_t(const opt::Instruction&)> get_id) {
+  for (const opt::Instruction& inst : section) {
+    if (!filter(inst)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t result_id = get_id(inst);
+    assert(result_id != 0);
+
+    assert(std::find(ids.begin(), ids.end(), result_id) == ids.end());
+
+    // Don't include ids that are already matched, for example through
+    // OpTypeForwardPointer.
+    const bool is_matched = is_src ? id_map_.IsSrcMapped(result_id)
+                                   : id_map_.IsDstMapped(result_id);
+    if (is_matched) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    ids.push_back(result_id);
+  }
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchIds(
+    PotentialIdMap& potential,
+    std::function<bool(const opt::Instruction*, const opt::Instruction*)>
+        match) {
+  for (size_t src_index = 0; src_index < potential.src_ids.size();
+       ++src_index) {
+    for (size_t dst_index = 0; dst_index < potential.dst_ids.size();
+         ++dst_index) {
+      const uint32_t src_id = potential.src_ids[src_index];
+      const uint32_t dst_id = potential.dst_ids[dst_index];
+
+      if (dst_id == 0) {
+        // Already matched.
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const opt::Instruction* src_inst = src_id_to_.inst_map_[src_id];
+      const opt::Instruction* dst_inst = dst_id_to_.inst_map_[dst_id];
+
+      if (match(src_inst, dst_inst)) {
+        id_map_.MapIds(src_id, dst_id);
+
+        // Remove the ids from the potential list.
+        potential.src_ids[src_index] = 0;
+        potential.dst_ids[dst_index] = 0;
+
+        // Find a match for the next src id.
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Remove matched ids to make the next iteration faster.
+  CompactIds(potential.src_ids);
+  CompactIds(potential.dst_ids);
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchPreambleInstructions(
+    opt::IteratorRange<opt::Module::const_inst_iterator> src_insts,
+    opt::IteratorRange<opt::Module::const_inst_iterator> dst_insts) {
+  // First, pool all instructions from each section and sort them.
+  InstructionList sorted_src_insts = SortPreambleInstructions(src_, src_insts);
+  InstructionList sorted_dst_insts = SortPreambleInstructions(dst_, dst_insts);
+
+  // Then walk and match them.
+  size_t src_cur = 0;
+  size_t dst_cur = 0;
+
+  while (src_cur < sorted_src_insts.size() &&
+         dst_cur < sorted_dst_insts.size()) {
+    const opt::Instruction* src_inst = sorted_src_insts[src_cur];
+    const opt::Instruction* dst_inst = sorted_dst_insts[dst_cur];
+
+    int compare = ComparePreambleInstructions(src_inst, dst_inst, src_, dst_);
+    if (compare == 0) {
+      id_map_.MapInsts(src_inst, dst_inst);
+    }
+    if (compare <= 0) {
+      ++src_cur;
+    }
+    if (compare >= 0) {
+      ++dst_cur;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+InstructionList Differ::SortPreambleInstructions(
+    const opt::Module* module,
+    opt::IteratorRange<opt::Module::const_inst_iterator> insts) {
+  InstructionList sorted;
+  for (const opt::Instruction& inst : insts) {
+    sorted.push_back(&inst);
+  }
+  std::sort(
+      sorted.begin(), sorted.end(),
+      [this, module](const opt::Instruction* a, const opt::Instruction* b) {
+        return ComparePreambleInstructions(a, b, module, module) < 0;
+      });
+  return sorted;
+}
+
+int Differ::ComparePreambleInstructions(const opt::Instruction* a,
+                                        const opt::Instruction* b,
+                                        const opt::Module* src_inst_module,
+                                        const opt::Module* dst_inst_module) {
+  assert(a->opcode() == b->opcode());
+  assert(!a->HasResultId());
+  assert(!a->HasResultType());
+
+  const uint32_t a_operand_count = a->NumOperands();
+  const uint32_t b_operand_count = b->NumOperands();
+
+  if (a_operand_count < b_operand_count) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (a_operand_count > b_operand_count) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  // Instead of comparing OpExecutionMode entry point ids as ids, compare them
+  // through their corresponding execution model.  This simplifies traversing
+  // the sorted list of instructions between src and dst modules.
+  if (a->opcode() == SpvOpExecutionMode) {
+    const SpvExecutionModel src_model =
+        GetExecutionModel(src_inst_module, a->GetSingleWordOperand(0));
+    const SpvExecutionModel dst_model =
+        GetExecutionModel(dst_inst_module, b->GetSingleWordOperand(0));
+
+    if (src_model < dst_model) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (src_model > dst_model) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Match every operand of the instruction.
+  for (uint32_t operand_index = 0; operand_index < a_operand_count;
+       ++operand_index) {
+    const opt::Operand& a_operand = a->GetOperand(operand_index);
+    const opt::Operand& b_operand = b->GetOperand(operand_index);
+
+    if (a_operand.type < b_operand.type) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (a_operand.type > b_operand.type) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    assert(a_operand.words.size() == 1);
+    assert(b_operand.words.size() == 1);
+
+    switch (a_operand.type) {
+      case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ID:
+        // Don't compare ids, there can't be multiple instances of the
+        // OpExecutionMode with different ids of the same execution model.
+        break;
+      case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_TYPE_ID:
+      case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY_SEMANTICS_ID:
+      case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SCOPE_ID:
+        assert(false && "Unreachable");
+        break;
+      case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_STRING: {
+        int str_compare =
+            strcmp(a_operand.AsString().c_str(), b_operand.AsString().c_str());
+        if (str_compare != 0) {
+          return str_compare;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        // Expect literal values to match.
+        if (a_operand.words[0] < b_operand.words[0]) {
+          return -1;
+        }
+        if (a_operand.words[0] > b_operand.words[0]) {
+          return 1;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchDebugAndAnnotationInstructions(
+    opt::IteratorRange<opt::Module::const_inst_iterator> src_insts,
+    opt::IteratorRange<opt::Module::const_inst_iterator> dst_insts) {
+  for (const opt::Instruction& src_inst : src_insts) {
+    for (const opt::Instruction& dst_inst : dst_insts) {
+      if (MappedSrcInst(&dst_inst) != nullptr) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Map instructions as soon as they match.  Debug and annotation
+      // instructions are matched such that there can't be multiple matches.
+      if (DoDebugAndAnnotationInstructionsMatch(&src_inst, &dst_inst)) {
+        id_map_.MapInsts(&src_inst, &dst_inst);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+uint32_t Differ::GroupIdsHelperGetTypeId(const IdInstructions& id_to,
+                                         uint32_t id) {
+  return GetInst(id_to, id)->type_id();
+}
+
+SpvStorageClass Differ::GroupIdsHelperGetTypePointerStorageClass(
+    const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id) {
+  const opt::Instruction* inst = GetInst(id_to, id);
+  assert(inst && inst->opcode() == SpvOpTypePointer);
+  return SpvStorageClass(inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0));
+}
+
+SpvOp Differ::GroupIdsHelperGetTypePointerTypeOp(const IdInstructions& id_to,
+                                                 uint32_t id) {
+  const opt::Instruction* inst = GetInst(id_to, id);
+  assert(inst && inst->opcode() == SpvOpTypePointer);
+
+  const uint32_t type_id = inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(1);
+  const opt::Instruction* type_inst = GetInst(id_to, type_id);
+  assert(type_inst);
+
+  return type_inst->opcode();
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void Differ::GroupIds(const IdGroup& ids, bool is_src,
+                      std::map<T, IdGroup>* groups,
+                      T (Differ::*get_group)(const IdInstructions&, uint32_t)) {
+  assert(groups->empty());
+
+  const IdInstructions& id_to = is_src ? src_id_to_ : dst_id_to_;
+
+  for (const uint32_t id : ids) {
+    // Don't include ids that are already matched, for example through
+    // OpEntryPoint.
+    const bool is_matched =
+        is_src ? id_map_.IsSrcMapped(id) : id_map_.IsDstMapped(id);
+    if (is_matched) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    T group = (this->*get_group)(id_to, id);
+    (*groups)[group].push_back(id);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void Differ::GroupIdsAndMatch(
+    const IdGroup& src_ids, const IdGroup& dst_ids, T invalid_group_key,
+    T (Differ::*get_group)(const IdInstructions&, uint32_t),
+    std::function<void(const IdGroup& src_group, const IdGroup& dst_group)>
+        match_group) {
+  // Group the ids based on a key (get_group)
+  std::map<T, IdGroup> src_groups;
+  std::map<T, IdGroup> dst_groups;
+
+  GroupIds<T>(src_ids, true, &src_groups, get_group);
+  GroupIds<T>(dst_ids, false, &dst_groups, get_group);
+
+  // Iterate over the groups, and match those with identical keys
+  for (const auto& iter : src_groups) {
+    const T& key = iter.first;
+    const IdGroup& src_group = iter.second;
+
+    if (key == invalid_group_key) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const IdGroup& dst_group = dst_groups[key];
+
+    // Let the caller match the groups as appropriate.
+    match_group(src_group, dst_group);
+  }
+}
+
+bool Differ::DoIdsMatch(uint32_t src_id, uint32_t dst_id) {
+  assert(dst_id != 0);
+  return id_map_.MappedDstId(src_id) == dst_id;
+}
+
+bool Differ::DoesOperandMatch(const opt::Operand& src_operand,
+                              const opt::Operand& dst_operand) {
+  assert(src_operand.type == dst_operand.type);
+
+  switch (src_operand.type) {
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ID:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_TYPE_ID:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_RESULT_ID:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY_SEMANTICS_ID:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SCOPE_ID:
+      // Match ids only if they are already matched in the id map.
+      return DoIdsMatch(src_operand.AsId(), dst_operand.AsId());
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_STRING:
+      return src_operand.AsString() == dst_operand.AsString();
+    default:
+      // Otherwise expect them to match exactly.
+      assert(src_operand.type != SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_STRING);
+      if (src_operand.words.size() != dst_operand.words.size()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < src_operand.words.size(); ++i) {
+        if (src_operand.words[i] != dst_operand.words[i]) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Differ::DoOperandsMatch(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                             const opt::Instruction* dst_inst,
+                             uint32_t in_operand_index_start,
+                             uint32_t in_operand_count) {
+  // Caller should have returned early for instructions with different opcode.
+  assert(src_inst->opcode() == dst_inst->opcode());
+
+  bool match = true;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < in_operand_count; ++i) {
+    const uint32_t in_operand_index = in_operand_index_start + i;
+
+    const opt::Operand& src_operand = src_inst->GetInOperand(in_operand_index);
+    const opt::Operand& dst_operand = dst_inst->GetInOperand(in_operand_index);
+
+    match = match && DoesOperandMatch(src_operand, dst_operand);
+  }
+
+  return match;
+}
+
+bool Differ::DoInstructionsMatch(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                                 const opt::Instruction* dst_inst) {
+  // Check whether the two instructions are identical, that is the instructions
+  // themselves are matched, every id is matched, and every other value is
+  // identical.
+  if (MappedDstInst(src_inst) != dst_inst) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  assert(src_inst->opcode() == dst_inst->opcode());
+  if (src_inst->NumOperands() != dst_inst->NumOperands()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  for (uint32_t operand_index = 0; operand_index < src_inst->NumOperands();
+       ++operand_index) {
+    const opt::Operand& src_operand = src_inst->GetOperand(operand_index);
+    const opt::Operand& dst_operand = dst_inst->GetOperand(operand_index);
+
+    if (!DoesOperandMatch(src_operand, dst_operand)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Differ::DoIdsMatchFuzzy(uint32_t src_id, uint32_t dst_id) {
+  assert(dst_id != 0);
+  const uint32_t mapped_dst_id = id_map_.MappedDstId(src_id);
+
+  // Consider unmatched ids as a match.  In function bodies, no result id is
+  // matched yet and thus they are excluded from instruction matching when used
+  // as parameters in subsequent instructions.
+  if (mapped_dst_id == 0 || mapped_dst_id == dst_id) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Int and Uint constants are interchangeable, match them in that case.
+  if (AreIdenticalUintConstants(src_id, dst_id)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Differ::DoesOperandMatchFuzzy(const opt::Operand& src_operand,
+                                   const opt::Operand& dst_operand) {
+  if (src_operand.type != dst_operand.type) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  assert(src_operand.type != SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_RESULT_ID);
+  assert(dst_operand.type != SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_RESULT_ID);
+
+  switch (src_operand.type) {
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ID:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_TYPE_ID:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY_SEMANTICS_ID:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SCOPE_ID:
+      // Match id operands only if they are already matched in the id map.
+      return DoIdsMatchFuzzy(src_operand.AsId(), dst_operand.AsId());
+    default:
+      // Otherwise allow everything to match.
+      return true;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Differ::DoInstructionsMatchFuzzy(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                                      const opt::Instruction* dst_inst) {
+  // Similar to DoOperandsMatch, but only checks that ids that have already been
+  // matched are identical.  Ids that are unknown are allowed to match, as well
+  // as any non-id operand.
+  if (src_inst->opcode() != dst_inst->opcode()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // For external instructions, make sure the set and opcode of the external
+  // instruction matches too.
+  if (src_inst->opcode() == SpvOpExtInst) {
+    if (!DoOperandsMatch(src_inst, dst_inst, 0, 2)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  assert(src_inst->HasResultType() == dst_inst->HasResultType());
+  if (src_inst->HasResultType() &&
+      !DoIdsMatchFuzzy(src_inst->type_id(), dst_inst->type_id())) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // TODO: allow some instructions to match with different instruction lengths,
+  // for example OpImage* with additional operands.
+  if (src_inst->NumInOperandWords() != dst_inst->NumInOperandWords()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool match = true;
+  for (uint32_t in_operand_index = 0;
+       in_operand_index < src_inst->NumInOperandWords(); ++in_operand_index) {
+    const opt::Operand& src_operand = src_inst->GetInOperand(in_operand_index);
+    const opt::Operand& dst_operand = dst_inst->GetInOperand(in_operand_index);
+
+    match = match && DoesOperandMatchFuzzy(src_operand, dst_operand);
+  }
+
+  return match;
+}
+
+bool Differ::AreIdenticalUintConstants(uint32_t src_id, uint32_t dst_id) {
+  return IsConstantUint(src_id_to_, src_id) &&
+         IsConstantUint(dst_id_to_, dst_id) &&
+         GetConstantUint(src_id_to_, src_id) ==
+             GetConstantUint(dst_id_to_, dst_id);
+}
+
+bool Differ::DoDebugAndAnnotationInstructionsMatch(
+    const opt::Instruction* src_inst, const opt::Instruction* dst_inst) {
+  if (src_inst->opcode() != dst_inst->opcode()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  switch (src_inst->opcode()) {
+    case SpvOpString:
+    case SpvOpSourceExtension:
+    case SpvOpModuleProcessed:
+      return DoesOperandMatch(src_inst->GetOperand(0), dst_inst->GetOperand(0));
+    case SpvOpSource:
+      return DoOperandsMatch(src_inst, dst_inst, 0, 2);
+    case SpvOpSourceContinued:
+      return true;
+    case SpvOpName:
+      return DoOperandsMatch(src_inst, dst_inst, 0, 1);
+    case SpvOpMemberName:
+      return DoOperandsMatch(src_inst, dst_inst, 0, 2);
+    case SpvOpDecorate:
+      return DoOperandsMatch(src_inst, dst_inst, 0, 2);
+    case SpvOpMemberDecorate:
+      return DoOperandsMatch(src_inst, dst_inst, 0, 3);
+    case SpvOpExtInst:
+    case SpvOpDecorationGroup:
+    case SpvOpGroupDecorate:
+    case SpvOpGroupMemberDecorate:
+      return false;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Differ::AreVariablesMatchable(uint32_t src_id, uint32_t dst_id,
+                                   uint32_t flexibility) {
+  // Variables must match by their built-in decorations.
+  uint32_t src_built_in_decoration = 0, dst_built_in_decoration = 0;
+  const bool src_is_built_in = GetDecorationValue(
+      src_id_to_, src_id, SpvDecorationBuiltIn, &src_built_in_decoration);
+  const bool dst_is_built_in = GetDecorationValue(
+      dst_id_to_, dst_id, SpvDecorationBuiltIn, &dst_built_in_decoration);
+
+  if (src_is_built_in != dst_is_built_in) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (src_is_built_in && src_built_in_decoration != dst_built_in_decoration) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check their types and storage classes.
+  SpvStorageClass src_storage_class, dst_storage_class;
+  const uint32_t src_type_id =
+      GetVarTypeId(src_id_to_, src_id, &src_storage_class);
+  const uint32_t dst_type_id =
+      GetVarTypeId(dst_id_to_, dst_id, &dst_storage_class);
+
+  if (!DoIdsMatch(src_type_id, dst_type_id)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  switch (flexibility) {
+    case 0:
+      if (src_storage_class != dst_storage_class) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      if (src_storage_class != dst_storage_class) {
+        // Allow one of the two to be Private while the other is Input or
+        // Output, this allows matching in/out variables that have been turned
+        // global as part of linking two stages (as done in ANGLE).
+        const bool src_is_io = src_storage_class == SpvStorageClassInput ||
+                               src_storage_class == SpvStorageClassOutput;
+        const bool dst_is_io = dst_storage_class == SpvStorageClassInput ||
+                               dst_storage_class == SpvStorageClassOutput;
+        const bool src_is_private = src_storage_class == SpvStorageClassPrivate;
+        const bool dst_is_private = dst_storage_class == SpvStorageClassPrivate;
+
+        if (!((src_is_io && dst_is_private) || (src_is_private && dst_is_io))) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      assert(false && "Unreachable");
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  // TODO: Is there any other way to check compatiblity of the variables?  It's
+  // easy to tell when the variables definitely don't match, but there's little
+  // information that can be used for a definite match.
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Differ::MatchOpTypeStruct(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                               const opt::Instruction* dst_inst,
+                               uint32_t flexibility) {
+  const uint32_t src_type_id = src_inst->result_id();
+  const uint32_t dst_type_id = dst_inst->result_id();
+
+  bool src_has_name = false, dst_has_name = false;
+  std::string src_name = GetName(src_id_to_, src_type_id, &src_has_name);
+  std::string dst_name = GetName(dst_id_to_, dst_type_id, &dst_has_name);
+
+  // If debug info is present, always match the structs by name.
+  if (src_has_name && dst_has_name) {
+    if (src_name != dst_name) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // For gl_PerVertex, find the type pointer of this type (array) and make
+    // sure the storage classes of src and dst match; geometry and tessellation
+    // shaders have two instances of gl_PerVertex.
+    if (src_name == "gl_PerVertex") {
+      return MatchPerVertexType(src_type_id, dst_type_id);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // If debug info is not present, match the structs by their type.
+
+  // For gl_PerVertex, find the type pointer of this type (array) and match by
+  // storage class. The gl_PerVertex struct is itself found by the BuiltIn
+  // decorations applied to its members.
+  const bool src_is_per_vertex = IsPerVertexType(src_id_to_, src_type_id);
+  const bool dst_is_per_vertex = IsPerVertexType(dst_id_to_, dst_type_id);
+  if (src_is_per_vertex != dst_is_per_vertex) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (src_is_per_vertex) {
+    return MatchPerVertexType(src_type_id, dst_type_id);
+  }
+
+  switch (flexibility) {
+    case 0:
+      if (src_inst->NumInOperandWords() != dst_inst->NumInOperandWords()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return DoOperandsMatch(src_inst, dst_inst, 0,
+                             src_inst->NumInOperandWords());
+    case 1:
+      // TODO: match by taking a diff of the fields, and see if there's a >75%
+      // match.  Need to then make sure OpMemberName, OpMemberDecorate,
+      // OpAccessChain etc are aware of the struct field matching.
+      return false;
+    default:
+      assert(false && "Unreachable");
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Differ::MatchOpConstant(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                             const opt::Instruction* dst_inst,
+                             uint32_t flexibility) {
+  // The constants' type must match.  In flexibility == 1, match constants of
+  // int and uint, as they are generally interchangeable.
+  switch (flexibility) {
+    case 0:
+      if (!DoesOperandMatch(src_inst->GetOperand(0), dst_inst->GetOperand(0))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      if (!IsIntType(src_id_to_, src_inst->type_id()) ||
+          !IsIntType(dst_id_to_, dst_inst->type_id())) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      assert(false && "Unreachable");
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  const opt::Operand& src_value_operand = src_inst->GetOperand(2);
+  const opt::Operand& dst_value_operand = dst_inst->GetOperand(2);
+
+  const uint64_t src_value = src_value_operand.AsLiteralUint64();
+  const uint64_t dst_value = dst_value_operand.AsLiteralUint64();
+
+  // If values are identical, it's a match.
+  if (src_value == dst_value) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise, only allow flexibility for float types.
+  if (IsFloatType(src_id_to_, src_inst->type_id()) && flexibility == 1) {
+    // Tolerance is:
+    //
+    // - For float: allow 4 bits of mantissa as error
+    // - For double: allow 6 bits of mantissa as error
+    //
+    // TODO: the above values are arbitrary and a placeholder; investigate the
+    // amount of error resulting from using `printf("%f", f)` and `printf("%lf",
+    // d)` and having glslang parse them.
+    const uint64_t tolerance = src_value_operand.words.size() == 1 ? 16 : 64;
+    return src_value - dst_value < tolerance ||
+           dst_value - src_value < tolerance;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Differ::MatchOpSpecConstant(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                                 const opt::Instruction* dst_inst) {
+  const uint32_t src_id = src_inst->result_id();
+  const uint32_t dst_id = dst_inst->result_id();
+
+  bool src_has_name = false, dst_has_name = false;
+  std::string src_name = GetName(src_id_to_, src_id, &src_has_name);
+  std::string dst_name = GetName(dst_id_to_, dst_id, &dst_has_name);
+
+  // If debug info is present, always match the spec consts by name.
+  if (src_has_name && dst_has_name) {
+    return src_name == dst_name;
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise, match them by SpecId.
+  uint32_t src_spec_id, dst_spec_id;
+
+  if (GetDecorationValue(src_id_to_, src_id, SpvDecorationSpecId,
+                         &src_spec_id) &&
+      GetDecorationValue(dst_id_to_, dst_id, SpvDecorationSpecId,
+                         &dst_spec_id)) {
+    return src_spec_id == dst_spec_id;
+  }
+
+  // There is no spec id, this is not valid.
+  assert(false && "Unreachable");
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Differ::MatchOpVariable(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                             const opt::Instruction* dst_inst,
+                             uint32_t flexibility) {
+  const uint32_t src_id = src_inst->result_id();
+  const uint32_t dst_id = dst_inst->result_id();
+
+  const bool src_is_pervertex = IsPerVertexVariable(src_id_to_, src_id);
+  const bool dst_is_pervertex = IsPerVertexVariable(dst_id_to_, dst_id);
+
+  // For gl_PerVertex, make sure the input and output instances are matched
+  // correctly.
+  if (src_is_pervertex != dst_is_pervertex) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (src_is_pervertex) {
+    return MatchPerVertexVariable(src_inst, dst_inst);
+  }
+
+  bool src_has_name = false, dst_has_name = false;
+  std::string src_name = GetName(src_id_to_, src_id, &src_has_name);
+  std::string dst_name = GetName(dst_id_to_, dst_id, &dst_has_name);
+
+  // If debug info is present, always match the variables by name.
+  if (src_has_name && dst_has_name) {
+    return src_name == dst_name;
+  }
+
+  // If debug info is not present, see if the variables can be matched by their
+  // built-in decorations.
+  uint32_t src_built_in_decoration;
+  const bool src_is_built_in = GetDecorationValue(
+      src_id_to_, src_id, SpvDecorationBuiltIn, &src_built_in_decoration);
+
+  if (src_is_built_in && AreVariablesMatchable(src_id, dst_id, flexibility)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  SpvStorageClass src_storage_class, dst_storage_class;
+  GetVarTypeId(src_id_to_, src_id, &src_storage_class);
+  GetVarTypeId(dst_id_to_, dst_id, &dst_storage_class);
+
+  if (src_storage_class != dst_storage_class) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // If variables are decorated with set/binding, match by the value of those
+  // decorations.
+  if (!options_.ignore_set_binding) {
+    uint32_t src_set = 0, dst_set = 0;
+    uint32_t src_binding = 0, dst_binding = 0;
+
+    const bool src_has_set = GetDecorationValue(
+        src_id_to_, src_id, SpvDecorationDescriptorSet, &src_set);
+    const bool dst_has_set = GetDecorationValue(
+        dst_id_to_, dst_id, SpvDecorationDescriptorSet, &dst_set);
+    const bool src_has_binding =
+        GetDecorationValue(src_id_to_, src_id, SpvDecorationBinding, &src_set);
+    const bool dst_has_binding =
+        GetDecorationValue(dst_id_to_, dst_id, SpvDecorationBinding, &dst_set);
+
+    if (src_has_set && dst_has_set && src_has_binding && dst_has_binding) {
+      return src_set == dst_set && src_binding == dst_binding;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If variables are decorated with location, match by the value of that
+  // decoration.
+  if (!options_.ignore_location) {
+    uint32_t src_location, dst_location;
+
+    const bool src_has_location = GetDecorationValue(
+        src_id_to_, src_id, SpvDecorationLocation, &src_location);
+    const bool dst_has_location = GetDecorationValue(
+        dst_id_to_, dst_id, SpvDecorationLocation, &dst_location);
+
+    if (src_has_location && dst_has_location) {
+      return src_location == dst_location;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Currently, there's no other way to match variables.
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Differ::MatchPerVertexType(uint32_t src_type_id, uint32_t dst_type_id) {
+  // For gl_PerVertex, find the type pointer of this type (array) and make sure
+  // the storage classes of src and dst match; geometry and tessellation shaders
+  // have two instances of gl_PerVertex.
+  SpvStorageClass src_storage_class =
+      GetPerVertexStorageClass(src_, src_type_id);
+  SpvStorageClass dst_storage_class =
+      GetPerVertexStorageClass(dst_, dst_type_id);
+
+  assert(src_storage_class == SpvStorageClassInput ||
+         src_storage_class == SpvStorageClassOutput);
+  assert(dst_storage_class == SpvStorageClassInput ||
+         dst_storage_class == SpvStorageClassOutput);
+
+  return src_storage_class == dst_storage_class;
+}
+
+bool Differ::MatchPerVertexVariable(const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                                    const opt::Instruction* dst_inst) {
+  SpvStorageClass src_storage_class =
+      SpvStorageClass(src_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0));
+  SpvStorageClass dst_storage_class =
+      SpvStorageClass(dst_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0));
+
+  return src_storage_class == dst_storage_class;
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchTypeForwardPointersByName(const IdGroup& src,
+                                            const IdGroup& dst) {
+  // Given two sets of compatible groups of OpTypeForwardPointer instructions,
+  // attempts to match them by name.
+
+  // Group them by debug info and loop over them.
+  GroupIdsAndMatch<std::string>(
+      src, dst, "", &Differ::GetSanitizedName,
+      [this](const IdGroup& src_group, const IdGroup& dst_group) {
+
+        // Match only if there's a unique forward declaration with this debug
+        // name.
+        if (src_group.size() == 1 && dst_group.size() == 1) {
+          id_map_.MapIds(src_group[0], dst_group[0]);
+        }
+      });
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchTypeForwardPointersByTypeOp(const IdGroup& src,
+                                              const IdGroup& dst) {
+  // Given two sets of compatible groups of OpTypeForwardPointer instructions,
+  // attempts to match them by type op.  Must be called after
+  // MatchTypeForwardPointersByName to match as many as possible by debug info.
+
+  // Remove ids that are matched with debug info in
+  // MatchTypeForwardPointersByName.
+  IdGroup src_unmatched_ids;
+  IdGroup dst_unmatched_ids;
+
+  std::copy_if(src.begin(), src.end(), std::back_inserter(src_unmatched_ids),
+               [this](uint32_t id) { return !id_map_.IsSrcMapped(id); });
+  std::copy_if(dst.begin(), dst.end(), std::back_inserter(dst_unmatched_ids),
+               [this](uint32_t id) { return !id_map_.IsDstMapped(id); });
+
+  // Match only if there's a unique forward declaration with this
+  // storage class and type opcode.  If both have debug info, they
+  // must not have been matchable.
+  if (src_unmatched_ids.size() == 1 && dst_unmatched_ids.size() == 1) {
+    uint32_t src_id = src_unmatched_ids[0];
+    uint32_t dst_id = dst_unmatched_ids[0];
+    if (!HasName(src_id_to_, src_id) || !HasName(dst_id_to_, dst_id)) {
+      id_map_.MapIds(src_id, dst_id);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+InstructionList Differ::GetFunctionBody(opt::IRContext* context,
+                                        opt::Function& function) {
+  // Canonicalize the blocks of the function to produce better diff, for example
+  // to not produce any diff if the src and dst have the same switch/case blocks
+  // but with the cases simply reordered.
+  std::list<opt::BasicBlock*> order;
+  context->cfg()->ComputeStructuredOrder(&function, &*function.begin(), &order);
+
+  // Go over the instructions of the function and add the instructions to a flat
+  // list to simplify future iterations.
+  InstructionList body;
+  for (opt::BasicBlock* block : order) {
+    block->ForEachInst(
+        [&body](const opt::Instruction* inst) { body.push_back(inst); }, true);
+  }
+  body.push_back(function.EndInst());
+
+  return body;
+}
+
+InstructionList Differ::GetFunctionHeader(const opt::Function& function) {
+  // Go over the instructions of the function and add the header instructions to
+  // a flat list to simplify diff generation.
+  InstructionList body;
+  function.WhileEachInst(
+      [&body](const opt::Instruction* inst) {
+        if (inst->opcode() == SpvOpLabel) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        body.push_back(inst);
+        return true;
+      },
+      true, true);
+
+  return body;
+}
+
+void Differ::GetFunctionBodies(opt::IRContext* context, FunctionMap* functions,
+                               FunctionInstMap* function_insts) {
+  for (opt::Function& function : *context->module()) {
+    uint32_t id = function.result_id();
+    assert(functions->find(id) == functions->end());
+    assert(function_insts->find(id) == function_insts->end());
+
+    (*functions)[id] = &function;
+
+    InstructionList body = GetFunctionBody(context, function);
+    (*function_insts)[id] = std::move(body);
+  }
+}
+
+void Differ::GetFunctionHeaderInstructions(const opt::Module* module,
+                                           FunctionInstMap* function_insts) {
+  for (opt::Function& function : *module) {
+    InstructionList body = GetFunctionHeader(function);
+    (*function_insts)[function.result_id()] = std::move(body);
+  }
+}
+
+void Differ::BestEffortMatchFunctions(const IdGroup& src_func_ids,
+                                      const IdGroup& dst_func_ids,
+                                      const FunctionInstMap& src_func_insts,
+                                      const FunctionInstMap& dst_func_insts) {
+  struct MatchResult {
+    uint32_t src_id;
+    uint32_t dst_id;
+    DiffMatch src_match;
+    DiffMatch dst_match;
+    float match_rate;
+    bool operator<(const MatchResult& other) const {
+      return match_rate > other.match_rate;
+    }
+  };
+  std::vector<MatchResult> all_match_results;
+
+  for (const uint32_t src_func_id : src_func_ids) {
+    if (id_map_.IsSrcMapped(src_func_id)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const std::string src_name = GetSanitizedName(src_id_to_, src_func_id);
+
+    for (const uint32_t dst_func_id : dst_func_ids) {
+      if (id_map_.IsDstMapped(dst_func_id)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Don't match functions that are named, but the names are different.
+      const std::string dst_name = GetSanitizedName(dst_id_to_, dst_func_id);
+      if (src_name != "" && dst_name != "" && src_name != dst_name) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      DiffMatch src_match_result, dst_match_result;
+      float match_rate = MatchFunctionBodies(
+          src_func_insts.at(src_func_id), dst_func_insts.at(dst_func_id),
+          &src_match_result, &dst_match_result);
+
+      // Only consider the functions a match if there's at least 60% match.
+      // This is an arbitrary limit that should be tuned.
+      constexpr float pass_match_rate = 0.6f;
+      if (match_rate >= pass_match_rate) {
+        all_match_results.emplace_back(
+            MatchResult{src_func_id, dst_func_id, std::move(src_match_result),
+                        std::move(dst_match_result), match_rate});
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::sort(all_match_results.begin(), all_match_results.end());
+
+  for (const MatchResult& match_result : all_match_results) {
+    if (id_map_.IsSrcMapped(match_result.src_id) ||
+        id_map_.IsDstMapped(match_result.dst_id)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    id_map_.MapIds(match_result.src_id, match_result.dst_id);
+
+    MatchIdsInFunctionBodies(src_func_insts.at(match_result.src_id),
+                             dst_func_insts.at(match_result.dst_id),
+                             match_result.src_match, match_result.dst_match, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchFunctionParamIds(const opt::Function* src_func,
+                                   const opt::Function* dst_func) {
+  IdGroup src_params;
+  IdGroup dst_params;
+  src_func->ForEachParam(
+      [&src_params](const opt::Instruction* param) {
+        src_params.push_back(param->result_id());
+      },
+      false);
+  dst_func->ForEachParam(
+      [&dst_params](const opt::Instruction* param) {
+        dst_params.push_back(param->result_id());
+      },
+      false);
+
+  GroupIdsAndMatch<std::string>(
+      src_params, dst_params, "", &Differ::GetSanitizedName,
+      [this](const IdGroup& src_group, const IdGroup& dst_group) {
+
+        // There shouldn't be two parameters with the same name, so the ids
+        // should match. There is nothing restricting the SPIR-V however to have
+        // two parameters with the same name, so be resilient against that.
+        if (src_group.size() == 1 && dst_group.size() == 1) {
+          id_map_.MapIds(src_group[0], dst_group[0]);
+        }
+      });
+
+  // Then match the parameters by their type.  If there are multiple of them,
+  // match them by their order.
+  GroupIdsAndMatch<uint32_t>(
+      src_params, dst_params, 0, &Differ::GroupIdsHelperGetTypeId,
+      [this](const IdGroup& src_group_by_type_id,
+             const IdGroup& dst_group_by_type_id) {
+
+        const size_t shared_param_count =
+            std::min(src_group_by_type_id.size(), dst_group_by_type_id.size());
+
+        for (size_t param_index = 0; param_index < shared_param_count;
+             ++param_index) {
+          id_map_.MapIds(src_group_by_type_id[0], dst_group_by_type_id[0]);
+        }
+      });
+}
+
+float Differ::MatchFunctionBodies(const InstructionList& src_body,
+                                  const InstructionList& dst_body,
+                                  DiffMatch* src_match_result,
+                                  DiffMatch* dst_match_result) {
+  LongestCommonSubsequence<std::vector<const opt::Instruction*>> lcs(src_body,
+                                                                     dst_body);
+
+  uint32_t best_match_length = lcs.Get<const opt::Instruction*>(
+      [this](const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+             const opt::Instruction* dst_inst) {
+        return DoInstructionsMatchFuzzy(src_inst, dst_inst);
+      },
+      src_match_result, dst_match_result);
+
+  // TODO: take the gaps in between matches and match those again with a relaxed
+  // instruction-and-type-only comparison.  This can produce a better diff for
+  // example if an array index is changed, causing the OpAccessChain id to not
+  // match and subsequently every operation that's derived from that id.
+  // Usually this mismatch cascades until the next OpStore which doesn't produce
+  // an id.
+
+  return static_cast<float>(best_match_length) * 2.0f /
+         static_cast<float>(src_body.size() + dst_body.size());
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchIdsInFunctionBodies(const InstructionList& src_body,
+                                      const InstructionList& dst_body,
+                                      const DiffMatch& src_match_result,
+                                      const DiffMatch& dst_match_result,
+                                      uint32_t flexibility) {
+  size_t src_cur = 0;
+  size_t dst_cur = 0;
+
+  while (src_cur < src_body.size() && dst_cur < dst_body.size()) {
+    if (src_match_result[src_cur] && dst_match_result[dst_cur]) {
+      // Match instructions the src and dst instructions.
+      //
+      // TODO: count the matchings between variables discovered this way and
+      // choose the "best match" after all functions have been diffed and all
+      // instructions analyzed.
+      const opt::Instruction* src_inst = src_body[src_cur++];
+      const opt::Instruction* dst_inst = dst_body[dst_cur++];
+
+      // Record the matching between the instructions.  This is done only once
+      // (hence flexibility == 0).  Calls with non-zero flexibility values will
+      // only deal with matching other ids based on the operands.
+      if (flexibility == 0) {
+        id_map_.MapInsts(src_inst, dst_inst);
+      }
+
+      // Match any unmatched variables referenced by the instructions.
+      MatchVariablesUsedByMatchedInstructions(src_inst, dst_inst, flexibility);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!src_match_result[src_cur]) {
+      ++src_cur;
+    }
+    if (!dst_match_result[dst_cur]) {
+      ++dst_cur;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchVariablesUsedByMatchedInstructions(
+    const opt::Instruction* src_inst, const opt::Instruction* dst_inst,
+    uint32_t flexibility) {
+  // For OpAccessChain, OpLoad and OpStore instructions that reference unmatched
+  // variables, match them as a best effort.
+  assert(src_inst->opcode() == dst_inst->opcode());
+  switch (src_inst->opcode()) {
+    default:
+      // TODO: match functions based on OpFunctionCall?
+      break;
+    case SpvOpAccessChain:
+    case SpvOpInBoundsAccessChain:
+    case SpvOpPtrAccessChain:
+    case SpvOpInBoundsPtrAccessChain:
+    case SpvOpLoad:
+    case SpvOpStore:
+      const uint32_t src_pointer_id = src_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0);
+      const uint32_t dst_pointer_id = dst_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0);
+      if (IsVariable(src_id_to_, src_pointer_id) &&
+          IsVariable(dst_id_to_, dst_pointer_id) &&
+          !id_map_.IsSrcMapped(src_pointer_id) &&
+          !id_map_.IsDstMapped(dst_pointer_id) &&
+          AreVariablesMatchable(src_pointer_id, dst_pointer_id, flexibility)) {
+        id_map_.MapIds(src_pointer_id, dst_pointer_id);
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+const opt::Instruction* Differ::GetInst(const IdInstructions& id_to,
+                                        uint32_t id) {
+  assert(id != 0);
+  assert(id < id_to.inst_map_.size());
+
+  const opt::Instruction* inst = id_to.inst_map_[id];
+  assert(inst != nullptr);
+
+  return inst;
+}
+
+uint32_t Differ::GetConstantUint(const IdInstructions& id_to,
+                                 uint32_t constant_id) {
+  const opt::Instruction* constant_inst = GetInst(id_to, constant_id);
+  assert(constant_inst->opcode() == SpvOpConstant);
+  assert(GetInst(id_to, constant_inst->type_id())->opcode() == SpvOpTypeInt);
+
+  return constant_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0);
+}
+
+SpvExecutionModel Differ::GetExecutionModel(const opt::Module* module,
+                                            uint32_t entry_point_id) {
+  for (const opt::Instruction& inst : module->entry_points()) {
+    assert(inst.opcode() == SpvOpEntryPoint);
+    if (inst.GetSingleWordOperand(1) == entry_point_id) {
+      return SpvExecutionModel(inst.GetSingleWordOperand(0));
+    }
+  }
+
+  assert(false && "Unreachable");
+  return SpvExecutionModel(0xFFF);
+}
+
+bool Differ::HasName(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id) {
+  assert(id != 0);
+  assert(id < id_to.name_map_.size());
+
+  for (const opt::Instruction* inst : id_to.name_map_[id]) {
+    if (inst->opcode() == SpvOpName) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+std::string Differ::GetName(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id,
+                            bool* has_name) {
+  assert(id != 0);
+  assert(id < id_to.name_map_.size());
+
+  for (const opt::Instruction* inst : id_to.name_map_[id]) {
+    if (inst->opcode() == SpvOpName) {
+      *has_name = true;
+      return inst->GetOperand(1).AsString();
+    }
+  }
+
+  *has_name = false;
+  return "";
+}
+
+std::string Differ::GetSanitizedName(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id) {
+  bool has_name = false;
+  std::string name = GetName(id_to, id, &has_name);
+
+  if (!has_name) {
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  // Remove args from the name, in case this is a function name
+  return name.substr(0, name.find('('));
+}
+
+uint32_t Differ::GetVarTypeId(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t var_id,
+                              SpvStorageClass* storage_class) {
+  const opt::Instruction* var_inst = GetInst(id_to, var_id);
+  assert(var_inst->opcode() == SpvOpVariable);
+
+  *storage_class = SpvStorageClass(var_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0));
+
+  // Get the type pointer from the variable.
+  const uint32_t type_pointer_id = var_inst->type_id();
+  const opt::Instruction* type_pointer_inst = GetInst(id_to, type_pointer_id);
+
+  // Get the type from the type pointer.
+  return type_pointer_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(1);
+}
+
+bool Differ::GetDecorationValue(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id,
+                                SpvDecoration decoration,
+                                uint32_t* decoration_value) {
+  assert(id != 0);
+  assert(id < id_to.decoration_map_.size());
+
+  for (const opt::Instruction* inst : id_to.decoration_map_[id]) {
+    if (inst->opcode() == SpvOpDecorate &&
+        inst->GetSingleWordOperand(0) == id &&
+        inst->GetSingleWordOperand(1) == decoration) {
+      *decoration_value = inst->GetSingleWordOperand(2);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+const opt::Instruction* Differ::GetForwardPointerInst(
+    const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id) {
+  assert(id != 0);
+  assert(id < id_to.forward_pointer_map_.size());
+  return id_to.forward_pointer_map_[id];
+}
+
+bool Differ::IsIntType(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t type_id) {
+  return IsOp(id_to, type_id, SpvOpTypeInt);
+}
+
+bool Differ::IsFloatType(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t type_id) {
+  return IsOp(id_to, type_id, SpvOpTypeFloat);
+}
+
+bool Differ::IsConstantUint(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id) {
+  const opt::Instruction* constant_inst = GetInst(id_to, id);
+  if (constant_inst->opcode() != SpvOpConstant) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const opt::Instruction* type_inst = GetInst(id_to, constant_inst->type_id());
+  return type_inst->opcode() == SpvOpTypeInt;
+}
+
+bool Differ::IsVariable(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t pointer_id) {
+  return IsOp(id_to, pointer_id, SpvOpVariable);
+}
+
+bool Differ::IsOp(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t id, SpvOp op) {
+  return GetInst(id_to, id)->opcode() == op;
+}
+
+bool Differ::IsPerVertexType(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t type_id) {
+  assert(type_id != 0);
+  assert(type_id < id_to.decoration_map_.size());
+
+  for (const opt::Instruction* inst : id_to.decoration_map_[type_id]) {
+    if (inst->opcode() == SpvOpMemberDecorate &&
+        inst->GetSingleWordOperand(0) == type_id &&
+        inst->GetSingleWordOperand(2) == SpvDecorationBuiltIn) {
+      SpvBuiltIn built_in = SpvBuiltIn(inst->GetSingleWordOperand(3));
+
+      // Only gl_PerVertex can have, and it can only have, the following
+      // built-in decorations.
+      return built_in == SpvBuiltInPosition ||
+             built_in == SpvBuiltInPointSize ||
+             built_in == SpvBuiltInClipDistance ||
+             built_in == SpvBuiltInCullDistance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Differ::IsPerVertexVariable(const IdInstructions& id_to, uint32_t var_id) {
+  // Get the type from the type pointer.
+  SpvStorageClass storage_class;
+  uint32_t type_id = GetVarTypeId(id_to, var_id, &storage_class);
+  const opt::Instruction* type_inst = GetInst(id_to, type_id);
+
+  // If array, get the element type.
+  if (type_inst->opcode() == SpvOpTypeArray) {
+    type_id = type_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0);
+  }
+
+  // Now check if the type is gl_PerVertex.
+  return IsPerVertexType(id_to, type_id);
+}
+
+SpvStorageClass Differ::GetPerVertexStorageClass(const opt::Module* module,
+                                                 uint32_t type_id) {
+  for (const opt::Instruction& inst : module->types_values()) {
+    switch (inst.opcode()) {
+      case SpvOpTypeArray:
+        // The gl_PerVertex instance could be an array, look for a variable of
+        // the array type instead.
+        if (inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(0) == type_id) {
+          type_id = inst.result_id();
+        }
+        break;
+      case SpvOpTypePointer:
+        // Find the storage class of the pointer to this type.
+        if (inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(1) == type_id) {
+          return SpvStorageClass(inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(0));
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // gl_PerVertex is declared, but is unused.  Return either of Input or Output
+  // classes just so it matches one in the other module.  This should be highly
+  // unlikely, perhaps except for ancient GS-used-to-emulate-CS scenarios.
+  return SpvStorageClassOutput;
+}
+
+spv_ext_inst_type_t Differ::GetExtInstType(const IdInstructions& id_to,
+                                           uint32_t set_id) {
+  const opt::Instruction* set_inst = GetInst(id_to, set_id);
+  return spvExtInstImportTypeGet(set_inst->GetInOperand(0).AsString().c_str());
+}
+
+spv_number_kind_t Differ::GetNumberKind(const IdInstructions& id_to,
+                                        const opt::Instruction& inst,
+                                        uint32_t operand_index,
+                                        uint32_t* number_bit_width) {
+  const opt::Operand& operand = inst.GetOperand(operand_index);
+  *number_bit_width = 0;
+
+  // A very limited version of Parser::parseOperand.
+  switch (operand.type) {
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_INTEGER:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_OPTIONAL_LITERAL_INTEGER:
+      // Always unsigned integers.
+      *number_bit_width = 32;
+      return SPV_NUMBER_UNSIGNED_INT;
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_TYPED_LITERAL_NUMBER:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_OPTIONAL_TYPED_LITERAL_INTEGER:
+      switch (inst.opcode()) {
+        case SpvOpSwitch:
+        case SpvOpConstant:
+        case SpvOpSpecConstant:
+          // Same kind of number as the selector (OpSwitch) or the type
+          // (Op*Constant).
+          return GetTypeNumberKind(id_to, inst.GetSingleWordOperand(0),
+                                   number_bit_width);
+        default:
+          assert(false && "Unreachable");
+          break;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return SPV_NUMBER_NONE;
+}
+
+spv_number_kind_t Differ::GetTypeNumberKind(const IdInstructions& id_to,
+                                            uint32_t id,
+                                            uint32_t* number_bit_width) {
+  const opt::Instruction* type_inst = GetInst(id_to, id);
+  if (!spvOpcodeIsScalarType(type_inst->opcode())) {
+    type_inst = GetInst(id_to, type_inst->type_id());
+  }
+
+  switch (type_inst->opcode()) {
+    case SpvOpTypeInt:
+      *number_bit_width = type_inst->GetSingleWordOperand(1);
+      return type_inst->GetSingleWordOperand(2) == 0 ? SPV_NUMBER_UNSIGNED_INT
+                                                     : SPV_NUMBER_SIGNED_INT;
+      break;
+    case SpvOpTypeFloat:
+      *number_bit_width = type_inst->GetSingleWordOperand(1);
+      return SPV_NUMBER_FLOATING;
+    default:
+      assert(false && "Unreachable");
+      return SPV_NUMBER_NONE;
+  }
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchCapabilities() {
+  MatchPreambleInstructions(src_->capabilities(), dst_->capabilities());
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchExtensions() {
+  MatchPreambleInstructions(src_->extensions(), dst_->extensions());
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchExtInstImportIds() {
+  // Bunch all of this section's ids as potential matches.
+  PotentialIdMap potential_id_map;
+  auto get_result_id = [](const opt::Instruction& inst) {
+    return inst.result_id();
+  };
+  auto accept_all = [](const opt::Instruction&) { return true; };
+
+  PoolPotentialIds(src_->ext_inst_imports(), potential_id_map.src_ids, true,
+                   accept_all, get_result_id);
+  PoolPotentialIds(dst_->ext_inst_imports(), potential_id_map.dst_ids, false,
+                   accept_all, get_result_id);
+
+  // Then match the ids.
+  MatchIds(potential_id_map, [](const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                                const opt::Instruction* dst_inst) {
+    // Match OpExtInstImport by exact name, which is operand 1
+    const opt::Operand& src_name = src_inst->GetOperand(1);
+    const opt::Operand& dst_name = dst_inst->GetOperand(1);
+
+    return src_name.AsString() == dst_name.AsString();
+  });
+}
+void Differ::MatchMemoryModel() {
+  // Always match the memory model instructions, there is always a single one of
+  // it.
+  id_map_.MapInsts(src_->GetMemoryModel(), dst_->GetMemoryModel());
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchEntryPointIds() {
+  // Match OpEntryPoint ids (at index 1) by ExecutionModel (at index 0) and
+  // possibly name (at index 2).  OpEntryPoint doesn't produce a result id, so
+  // this function doesn't use the helpers the other functions use.
+
+  // Map from execution model to OpEntryPoint instructions of that model.
+  using ExecutionModelMap =
+      std::unordered_map<uint32_t, std::vector<const opt::Instruction*>>;
+  ExecutionModelMap src_entry_points_map;
+  ExecutionModelMap dst_entry_points_map;
+  std::set<uint32_t> all_execution_models;
+
+  for (const opt::Instruction& src_inst : src_->entry_points()) {
+    uint32_t execution_model = src_inst.GetSingleWordOperand(0);
+    src_entry_points_map[execution_model].push_back(&src_inst);
+    all_execution_models.insert(execution_model);
+  }
+  for (const opt::Instruction& dst_inst : dst_->entry_points()) {
+    uint32_t execution_model = dst_inst.GetSingleWordOperand(0);
+    dst_entry_points_map[execution_model].push_back(&dst_inst);
+    all_execution_models.insert(execution_model);
+  }
+
+  // Go through each model and match the ids.
+  for (const uint32_t execution_model : all_execution_models) {
+    auto& src_insts = src_entry_points_map[execution_model];
+    auto& dst_insts = dst_entry_points_map[execution_model];
+
+    // If there is only one entry point in src and dst with that model, match
+    // them unconditionally.
+    if (src_insts.size() == 1 && dst_insts.size() == 1) {
+      uint32_t src_id = src_insts[0]->GetSingleWordOperand(1);
+      uint32_t dst_id = dst_insts[0]->GetSingleWordOperand(1);
+      id_map_.MapIds(src_id, dst_id);
+      id_map_.MapInsts(src_insts[0], dst_insts[0]);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Otherwise match them by name.
+    bool matched = false;
+    for (const opt::Instruction* src_inst : src_insts) {
+      for (const opt::Instruction* dst_inst : dst_insts) {
+        const opt::Operand& src_name = src_inst->GetOperand(2);
+        const opt::Operand& dst_name = dst_inst->GetOperand(2);
+
+        if (src_name.AsString() == dst_name.AsString()) {
+          uint32_t src_id = src_inst->GetSingleWordOperand(1);
+          uint32_t dst_id = dst_inst->GetSingleWordOperand(1);
+          id_map_.MapIds(src_id, dst_id);
+          id_map_.MapInsts(src_inst, dst_inst);
+          matched = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (matched) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchExecutionModes() {
+  MatchPreambleInstructions(src_->execution_modes(), dst_->execution_modes());
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchTypeForwardPointers() {
+  // Bunch all of type forward pointers as potential matches.
+  PotentialIdMap potential_id_map;
+  auto get_pointer_type_id = [](const opt::Instruction& inst) {
+    return inst.GetSingleWordOperand(0);
+  };
+  auto accept_type_forward_pointer_ops = [](const opt::Instruction& inst) {
+    return inst.opcode() == SpvOpTypeForwardPointer;
+  };
+
+  PoolPotentialIds(src_->types_values(), potential_id_map.src_ids, true,
+                   accept_type_forward_pointer_ops, get_pointer_type_id);
+  PoolPotentialIds(dst_->types_values(), potential_id_map.dst_ids, false,
+                   accept_type_forward_pointer_ops, get_pointer_type_id);
+
+  // Matching types with cyclical references (i.e. in the style of linked lists)
+  // can get very complex.  Currently, the diff tool matches types bottom up, so
+  // on every instruction it expects to know if its operands are already matched
+  // or not.  With cyclical references, it cannot know that.  Type matching may
+  // need significant modifications to be able to support this use case.
+  //
+  // Currently, forwarded types are only matched by storage class and debug
+  // info, with minimal matching of the type being forwarded:
+  //
+  // - Group by class
+  //   - Group by OpType being pointed to
+  //     - Group by debug info
+  //       - If same name and unique, match
+  //     - If leftover is unique, match
+
+  // Group forwarded pointers by storage class first and loop over them.
+  GroupIdsAndMatch<SpvStorageClass>(
+      potential_id_map.src_ids, potential_id_map.dst_ids, SpvStorageClassMax,
+      &Differ::GroupIdsHelperGetTypePointerStorageClass,
+      [this](const IdGroup& src_group_by_storage_class,
+             const IdGroup& dst_group_by_storage_class) {
+
+        // Group them further by the type they are pointing to and loop over
+        // them.
+        GroupIdsAndMatch<SpvOp>(
+            src_group_by_storage_class, dst_group_by_storage_class, SpvOpMax,
+            &Differ::GroupIdsHelperGetTypePointerTypeOp,
+            [this](const IdGroup& src_group_by_type_op,
+                   const IdGroup& dst_group_by_type_op) {
+
+              // Group them even further by debug info, if possible and match by
+              // debug name.
+              MatchTypeForwardPointersByName(src_group_by_type_op,
+                                             dst_group_by_type_op);
+
+              // Match the leftovers only if they lack debug info and there is
+              // only one instance of them.
+              MatchTypeForwardPointersByTypeOp(src_group_by_type_op,
+                                               dst_group_by_type_op);
+            });
+      });
+
+  // Match the instructions that forward declare the same type themselves
+  for (uint32_t src_id : potential_id_map.src_ids) {
+    uint32_t dst_id = id_map_.MappedDstId(src_id);
+    if (dst_id == 0) continue;
+
+    const opt::Instruction* src_forward_inst =
+        GetForwardPointerInst(src_id_to_, src_id);
+    const opt::Instruction* dst_forward_inst =
+        GetForwardPointerInst(dst_id_to_, dst_id);
+
+    assert(src_forward_inst);
+    assert(dst_forward_inst);
+
+    id_map_.MapInsts(src_forward_inst, dst_forward_inst);
+  }
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchTypeIds() {
+  // Bunch all of type ids as potential matches.
+  PotentialIdMap potential_id_map;
+  auto get_result_id = [](const opt::Instruction& inst) {
+    return inst.result_id();
+  };
+  auto accept_type_ops = [](const opt::Instruction& inst) {
+    return spvOpcodeGeneratesType(inst.opcode());
+  };
+
+  PoolPotentialIds(src_->types_values(), potential_id_map.src_ids, true,
+                   accept_type_ops, get_result_id);
+  PoolPotentialIds(dst_->types_values(), potential_id_map.dst_ids, false,
+                   accept_type_ops, get_result_id);
+
+  // Then match the ids.  Start with exact matches, then match the leftover with
+  // gradually loosening degrees of strictness.  For example, in the absence of
+  // debug info, two block types will be matched if they differ only in a few of
+  // the fields.
+  for (uint32_t flexibility = 0; flexibility < 2; ++flexibility) {
+    MatchIds(potential_id_map, [this, flexibility](
+                                   const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                                   const opt::Instruction* dst_inst) {
+      const SpvOp src_op = src_inst->opcode();
+      const SpvOp dst_op = dst_inst->opcode();
+
+      // Don't match if the opcode is not the same.
+      if (src_op != dst_op) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      switch (src_op) {
+        case SpvOpTypeVoid:
+        case SpvOpTypeBool:
+        case SpvOpTypeSampler:
+          // void, bool and sampler are unique, match them.
+          return true;
+        case SpvOpTypeInt:
+        case SpvOpTypeFloat:
+        case SpvOpTypeVector:
+        case SpvOpTypeMatrix:
+        case SpvOpTypeSampledImage:
+        case SpvOpTypeRuntimeArray:
+        case SpvOpTypePointer:
+          // Match these instructions when all operands match.
+          assert(src_inst->NumInOperandWords() ==
+                 dst_inst->NumInOperandWords());
+          return DoOperandsMatch(src_inst, dst_inst, 0,
+                                 src_inst->NumInOperandWords());
+
+        case SpvOpTypeFunction:
+        case SpvOpTypeImage:
+          // Match function types only if they have the same number of operands,
+          // and they all match.
+          // Match image types similarly, expecting the optional final parameter
+          // to match (if provided in both)
+          if (src_inst->NumInOperandWords() != dst_inst->NumInOperandWords()) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          return DoOperandsMatch(src_inst, dst_inst, 0,
+                                 src_inst->NumInOperandWords());
+
+        case SpvOpTypeArray:
+          // Match arrays only if the element type and length match.  The length
+          // is an id of a constant, so the actual constant it's defining is
+          // compared instead.
+          if (!DoOperandsMatch(src_inst, dst_inst, 0, 1)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+
+          if (AreIdenticalUintConstants(src_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(1),
+                                        dst_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(1))) {
+            return true;
+          }
+
+          // If size is not OpConstant, expect the ids to match exactly (for
+          // example if a spec contant is used).
+          return DoOperandsMatch(src_inst, dst_inst, 1, 1);
+
+        case SpvOpTypeStruct:
+          return MatchOpTypeStruct(src_inst, dst_inst, flexibility);
+
+        default:
+          return false;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchConstants() {
+  // Bunch all of constant ids as potential matches.
+  PotentialIdMap potential_id_map;
+  auto get_result_id = [](const opt::Instruction& inst) {
+    return inst.result_id();
+  };
+  auto accept_type_ops = [](const opt::Instruction& inst) {
+    return spvOpcodeIsConstant(inst.opcode());
+  };
+
+  PoolPotentialIds(src_->types_values(), potential_id_map.src_ids, true,
+                   accept_type_ops, get_result_id);
+  PoolPotentialIds(dst_->types_values(), potential_id_map.dst_ids, false,
+                   accept_type_ops, get_result_id);
+
+  // Then match the ids.  Constants are matched exactly, except for float types
+  // that are first matched exactly, then leftovers are matched with a small
+  // error.
+  for (uint32_t flexibility = 0; flexibility < 2; ++flexibility) {
+    MatchIds(potential_id_map, [this, flexibility](
+                                   const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                                   const opt::Instruction* dst_inst) {
+      const SpvOp src_op = src_inst->opcode();
+      const SpvOp dst_op = dst_inst->opcode();
+
+      // Don't match if the opcode is not the same.
+      if (src_op != dst_op) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      switch (src_op) {
+        case SpvOpConstantTrue:
+        case SpvOpConstantFalse:
+          // true and false are unique, match them.
+          return true;
+        case SpvOpConstant:
+          return MatchOpConstant(src_inst, dst_inst, flexibility);
+        case SpvOpConstantComposite:
+        case SpvOpSpecConstantComposite:
+          // Composite constants must match in type and value.
+          //
+          // TODO: match OpConstantNull with OpConstantComposite with all zeros
+          // at flexibility == 1
+          // TODO: match constants from structs that have been flexibly-matched.
+          if (src_inst->NumInOperandWords() != dst_inst->NumInOperandWords()) {
+            return false;
+          }
+          return DoesOperandMatch(src_inst->GetOperand(0),
+                                  dst_inst->GetOperand(0)) &&
+                 DoOperandsMatch(src_inst, dst_inst, 0,
+                                 src_inst->NumInOperandWords());
+        case SpvOpConstantSampler:
+          // Match sampler constants exactly.
+          // TODO: Allow flexibility in parameters to better diff shaders where
+          // the sampler param has changed.
+          assert(src_inst->NumInOperandWords() ==
+                 dst_inst->NumInOperandWords());
+          return DoOperandsMatch(src_inst, dst_inst, 0,
+                                 src_inst->NumInOperandWords());
+        case SpvOpConstantNull:
+          // Match null constants as long as the type matches.
+          return DoesOperandMatch(src_inst->GetOperand(0),
+                                  dst_inst->GetOperand(0));
+
+        case SpvOpSpecConstantTrue:
+        case SpvOpSpecConstantFalse:
+        case SpvOpSpecConstant:
+        case SpvOpSpecConstantOp:
+          // Match spec constants by name if available, then by the SpecId
+          // decoration.
+          return MatchOpSpecConstant(src_inst, dst_inst);
+
+        default:
+          return false;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchVariableIds() {
+  // Bunch all of variable ids as potential matches.
+  PotentialIdMap potential_id_map;
+  auto get_result_id = [](const opt::Instruction& inst) {
+    return inst.result_id();
+  };
+  auto accept_type_ops = [](const opt::Instruction& inst) {
+    return inst.opcode() == SpvOpVariable;
+  };
+
+  PoolPotentialIds(src_->types_values(), potential_id_map.src_ids, true,
+                   accept_type_ops, get_result_id);
+  PoolPotentialIds(dst_->types_values(), potential_id_map.dst_ids, false,
+                   accept_type_ops, get_result_id);
+
+  // Then match the ids.  Start with exact matches, then match the leftover with
+  // gradually loosening degrees of strictness.  For example, in the absence of
+  // debug info, two otherwise identical variables will be matched if one of
+  // them has a Private storage class and the other doesn't.
+  for (uint32_t flexibility = 0; flexibility < 2; ++flexibility) {
+    MatchIds(potential_id_map,
+             [this, flexibility](const opt::Instruction* src_inst,
+                                 const opt::Instruction* dst_inst) {
+               assert(src_inst->opcode() == SpvOpVariable);
+               assert(dst_inst->opcode() == SpvOpVariable);
+
+               return MatchOpVariable(src_inst, dst_inst, flexibility);
+             });
+  }
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchFunctions() {
+  IdGroup src_func_ids;
+  IdGroup dst_func_ids;
+
+  for (const auto& func : src_funcs_) {
+    src_func_ids.push_back(func.first);
+  }
+  for (const auto& func : dst_funcs_) {
+    dst_func_ids.push_back(func.first);
+  }
+
+  // Base the matching of functions on debug info when available.
+  GroupIdsAndMatch<std::string>(
+      src_func_ids, dst_func_ids, "", &Differ::GetSanitizedName,
+      [this](const IdGroup& src_group, const IdGroup& dst_group) {
+
+        // If there is a single function with this name in src and dst, it's a
+        // definite match.
+        if (src_group.size() == 1 && dst_group.size() == 1) {
+          id_map_.MapIds(src_group[0], dst_group[0]);
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // If there are multiple functions with the same name, group them by
+        // type, and match only if the types match (and are unique).
+        GroupIdsAndMatch<uint32_t>(src_group, dst_group, 0,
+                                   &Differ::GroupIdsHelperGetTypeId,
+                                   [this](const IdGroup& src_group_by_type_id,
+                                          const IdGroup& dst_group_by_type_id) {
+
+                                     if (src_group_by_type_id.size() == 1 &&
+                                         dst_group_by_type_id.size() == 1) {
+                                       id_map_.MapIds(src_group_by_type_id[0],
+                                                      dst_group_by_type_id[0]);
+                                     }
+                                   });
+      });
+
+  // Any functions that are left are pooled together and matched as if unnamed,
+  // with the only exception that two functions with mismatching names are not
+  // matched.
+  //
+  // Before that however, the diff of the functions that are matched are taken
+  // and processed, so that more of the global variables can be matched before
+  // attempting to match the rest of the functions.  They can contribute to the
+  // precision of the diff of those functions.
+  for (const uint32_t src_func_id : src_func_ids) {
+    const uint32_t dst_func_id = id_map_.MappedDstId(src_func_id);
+    if (dst_func_id == 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // Since these functions are definite matches, match their parameters for a
+    // better diff.
+    MatchFunctionParamIds(src_funcs_[src_func_id], dst_funcs_[dst_func_id]);
+
+    // Take the diff of the two functions.
+    DiffMatch src_match_result, dst_match_result;
+    MatchFunctionBodies(src_func_insts_[src_func_id],
+                        dst_func_insts_[dst_func_id], &src_match_result,
+                        &dst_match_result);
+
+    // Match ids between the two function bodies; which can also result in
+    // global variables getting matched.
+    MatchIdsInFunctionBodies(src_func_insts_[src_func_id],
+                             dst_func_insts_[dst_func_id], src_match_result,
+                             dst_match_result, 0);
+  }
+
+  // Best effort match functions with matching type.
+  GroupIdsAndMatch<uint32_t>(
+      src_func_ids, dst_func_ids, 0, &Differ::GroupIdsHelperGetTypeId,
+      [this](const IdGroup& src_group_by_type_id,
+             const IdGroup& dst_group_by_type_id) {
+
+        BestEffortMatchFunctions(src_group_by_type_id, dst_group_by_type_id,
+                                 src_func_insts_, dst_func_insts_);
+      });
+
+  // Any function that's left, best effort match them.
+  BestEffortMatchFunctions(src_func_ids, dst_func_ids, src_func_insts_,
+                           dst_func_insts_);
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchDebugs1() {
+  // This section in cludes: OpString, OpSourceExtension, OpSource,
+  // OpSourceContinued
+  MatchDebugAndAnnotationInstructions(src_->debugs1(), dst_->debugs1());
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchDebugs2() {
+  // This section includes: OpName, OpMemberName
+  MatchDebugAndAnnotationInstructions(src_->debugs2(), dst_->debugs2());
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchDebugs3() {
+  // This section includes: OpModuleProcessed
+  MatchDebugAndAnnotationInstructions(src_->debugs3(), dst_->debugs3());
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchExtInstDebugInfo() {
+  // This section includes OpExtInst for DebugInfo extension
+  MatchDebugAndAnnotationInstructions(src_->ext_inst_debuginfo(),
+                                      dst_->ext_inst_debuginfo());
+}
+
+void Differ::MatchAnnotations() {
+  // This section includes OpDecorate and family.
+  MatchDebugAndAnnotationInstructions(src_->annotations(), dst_->annotations());
+}
+
+const opt::Instruction* Differ::MappedDstInst(
+    const opt::Instruction* src_inst) {
+  return MappedInstImpl(src_inst, id_map_.SrcToDstMap(), dst_id_to_);
+}
+
+const opt::Instruction* Differ::MappedSrcInst(
+    const opt::Instruction* dst_inst) {
+  return MappedInstImpl(dst_inst, id_map_.DstToSrcMap(), src_id_to_);
+}
+
+const opt::Instruction* Differ::MappedInstImpl(
+    const opt::Instruction* inst, const IdMap& to_other,
+    const IdInstructions& other_id_to) {
+  if (inst->HasResultId()) {
+    if (to_other.IsMapped(inst->result_id())) {
+      const uint32_t other_result_id = to_other.MappedId(inst->result_id());
+
+      assert(other_result_id < other_id_to.inst_map_.size());
+      return other_id_to.inst_map_[other_result_id];
+    }
+
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  return to_other.MappedInst(inst);
+}
+
+void Differ::OutputLine(std::function<bool()> are_lines_identical,
+                        std::function<void()> output_src_line,
+                        std::function<void()> output_dst_line) {
+  if (are_lines_identical()) {
+    out_ << " ";
+    output_src_line();
+  } else {
+    OutputRed();
+    out_ << "-";
+    output_src_line();
+
+    OutputGreen();
+    out_ << "+";
+    output_dst_line();
+
+    OutputResetColor();
+  }
+}
+
+const opt::Instruction* IterInst(opt::Module::const_inst_iterator& iter) {
+  return &*iter;
+}
+
+const opt::Instruction* IterInst(InstructionList::const_iterator& iter) {
+  return *iter;
+}
+
+template <typename InstList>
+void Differ::OutputSection(
+    const InstList& src_insts, const InstList& dst_insts,
+    std::function<void(const opt::Instruction&, const IdInstructions&,
+                       const opt::Instruction&)>
+        write_inst) {
+  auto src_iter = src_insts.begin();
+  auto dst_iter = dst_insts.begin();
+
+  // - While src_inst doesn't have a match, output it with -
+  // - While dst_inst doesn't have a match, output it with +
+  // - Now src_inst and dst_inst both have matches; might not match each other!
+  //   * If section is unordered, just process src_inst and its match (dst_inst
+  //   or not),
+  //     dst_inst will eventually be processed when its match is seen.
+  //   * If section is ordered, also just process src_inst and its match.  Its
+  //   match must
+  //     necessarily be dst_inst.
+  while (src_iter != src_insts.end() || dst_iter != dst_insts.end()) {
+    OutputRed();
+    while (src_iter != src_insts.end() &&
+           MappedDstInst(IterInst(src_iter)) == nullptr) {
+      out_ << "-";
+      write_inst(*IterInst(src_iter), src_id_to_, *IterInst(src_iter));
+      ++src_iter;
+    }
+    OutputGreen();
+    while (dst_iter != dst_insts.end() &&
+           MappedSrcInst(IterInst(dst_iter)) == nullptr) {
+      out_ << "+";
+      write_inst(ToMappedSrcIds(*IterInst(dst_iter)), dst_id_to_,
+                 *IterInst(dst_iter));
+      ++dst_iter;
+    }
+    OutputResetColor();
+
+    if (src_iter != src_insts.end() && dst_iter != dst_insts.end()) {
+      const opt::Instruction* src_inst = IterInst(src_iter);
+      const opt::Instruction* matched_dst_inst = MappedDstInst(src_inst);
+
+      assert(matched_dst_inst != nullptr);
+      assert(MappedSrcInst(IterInst(dst_iter)) != nullptr);
+
+      OutputLine(
+          [this, src_inst, matched_dst_inst]() {
+            return DoInstructionsMatch(src_inst, matched_dst_inst);
+          },
+          [this, src_inst, &write_inst]() {
+            write_inst(*src_inst, src_id_to_, *src_inst);
+          },
+          [this, matched_dst_inst, &write_inst]() {
+            write_inst(ToMappedSrcIds(*matched_dst_inst), dst_id_to_,
+                       *matched_dst_inst);
+          });
+
+      ++src_iter;
+      ++dst_iter;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Differ::ToParsedInstruction(
+    const opt::Instruction& inst, const IdInstructions& id_to,
+    const opt::Instruction& original_inst,
+    spv_parsed_instruction_t* parsed_inst,
+    std::vector<spv_parsed_operand_t>& parsed_operands,
+    std::vector<uint32_t>& inst_binary) {
+  inst.ToBinaryWithoutAttachedDebugInsts(&inst_binary);
+  parsed_operands.resize(inst.NumOperands());
+
+  parsed_inst->words = inst_binary.data();
+  parsed_inst->num_words = static_cast<uint16_t>(inst_binary.size());
+  parsed_inst->opcode = static_cast<uint16_t>(inst.opcode());
+  parsed_inst->ext_inst_type =
+      inst.opcode() == SpvOpExtInst
+          ? GetExtInstType(id_to, original_inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(0))
+          : SPV_EXT_INST_TYPE_NONE;
+  parsed_inst->type_id =
+      inst.HasResultType() ? inst.GetSingleWordOperand(0) : 0;
+  parsed_inst->result_id = inst.HasResultId() ? inst.result_id() : 0;
+  parsed_inst->operands = parsed_operands.data();
+  parsed_inst->num_operands = static_cast<uint16_t>(parsed_operands.size());
+
+  // Word 0 is always op and num_words, so operands start at offset 1.
+  uint32_t offset = 1;
+  for (uint16_t operand_index = 0; operand_index < parsed_inst->num_operands;
+       ++operand_index) {
+    const opt::Operand& operand = inst.GetOperand(operand_index);
+    spv_parsed_operand_t& parsed_operand = parsed_operands[operand_index];
+
+    parsed_operand.offset = static_cast<uint16_t>(offset);
+    parsed_operand.num_words = static_cast<uint16_t>(operand.words.size());
+    parsed_operand.type = operand.type;
+    parsed_operand.number_kind = GetNumberKind(
+        id_to, original_inst, operand_index, &parsed_operand.number_bit_width);
+
+    offset += parsed_operand.num_words;
+  }
+}
+
+opt::Instruction Differ::ToMappedSrcIds(const opt::Instruction& dst_inst) {
+  // Create an identical instruction to dst_inst, except ids are changed to the
+  // mapped one.
+  opt::Instruction mapped_inst = dst_inst;
+
+  for (uint32_t operand_index = 0; operand_index < mapped_inst.NumOperands();
+       ++operand_index) {
+    opt::Operand& operand = mapped_inst.GetOperand(operand_index);
+
+    if (spvIsIdType(operand.type)) {
+      assert(id_map_.IsDstMapped(operand.AsId()));
+      operand.words[0] = id_map_.MappedSrcId(operand.AsId());
+    }
+  }
+
+  return mapped_inst;
+}
+
+spv_result_t Differ::Output() {
+  id_map_.MapUnmatchedIds();
+  src_id_to_.inst_map_.resize(id_map_.SrcToDstMap().IdBound(), nullptr);
+  dst_id_to_.inst_map_.resize(id_map_.DstToSrcMap().IdBound(), nullptr);
+
+  const spv_target_env target_env = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6;
+  spv_opcode_table opcode_table;
+  spv_operand_table operand_table;
+  spv_ext_inst_table ext_inst_table;
+  spv_result_t result;
+
+  result = spvOpcodeTableGet(&opcode_table, target_env);
+  if (result != SPV_SUCCESS) return result;
+
+  result = spvOperandTableGet(&operand_table, target_env);
+  if (result != SPV_SUCCESS) return result;
+
+  result = spvExtInstTableGet(&ext_inst_table, target_env);
+  if (result != SPV_SUCCESS) return result;
+
+  spv_context_t context{
+      target_env,
+      opcode_table,
+      operand_table,
+      ext_inst_table,
+  };
+
+  const AssemblyGrammar grammar(&context);
+  if (!grammar.isValid()) return SPV_ERROR_INVALID_TABLE;
+
+  uint32_t disassembly_options = SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_PRINT;
+  if (options_.indent) {
+    disassembly_options |= SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_INDENT;
+  }
+
+  NameMapper name_mapper = GetTrivialNameMapper();
+  disassemble::InstructionDisassembler dis(grammar, out_, disassembly_options,
+                                           name_mapper);
+
+  if (!options_.no_header) {
+    // Output the header
+    // TODO: when using diff with text, the assembler overrides the version and
+    // generator, so these aren't reflected correctly in the output.  Could
+    // potentially extract this info from the header comment.
+    OutputLine([]() { return true; }, [&dis]() { dis.EmitHeaderSpirv(); },
+               []() { assert(false && "Unreachable"); });
+    OutputLine([this]() { return src_->version() == dst_->version(); },
+               [this, &dis]() { dis.EmitHeaderVersion(src_->version()); },
+               [this, &dis]() { dis.EmitHeaderVersion(dst_->version()); });
+    OutputLine([this]() { return src_->generator() == dst_->generator(); },
+               [this, &dis]() { dis.EmitHeaderGenerator(src_->generator()); },
+               [this, &dis]() { dis.EmitHeaderGenerator(dst_->generator()); });
+    OutputLine(
+        [this]() { return src_->IdBound() == id_map_.SrcToDstMap().IdBound(); },
+        [this, &dis]() { dis.EmitHeaderIdBound(src_->IdBound()); },
+        [this, &dis]() {
+          dis.EmitHeaderIdBound(id_map_.SrcToDstMap().IdBound());
+        });
+    OutputLine([this]() { return src_->schema() == dst_->schema(); },
+               [this, &dis]() { dis.EmitHeaderSchema(src_->schema()); },
+               [this, &dis]() { dis.EmitHeaderSchema(dst_->schema()); });
+  }
+
+  // For each section, iterate both modules and output the disassembly.
+  auto write_inst = [this, &dis](const opt::Instruction& inst,
+                                 const IdInstructions& id_to,
+                                 const opt::Instruction& original_inst) {
+    spv_parsed_instruction_t parsed_inst;
+    std::vector<spv_parsed_operand_t> parsed_operands;
+    std::vector<uint32_t> inst_binary;
+
+    ToParsedInstruction(inst, id_to, original_inst, &parsed_inst,
+                        parsed_operands, inst_binary);
+
+    dis.EmitInstruction(parsed_inst, 0);
+  };
+
+  OutputSection(src_->capabilities(), dst_->capabilities(), write_inst);
+  OutputSection(src_->extensions(), dst_->extensions(), write_inst);
+  OutputSection(src_->ext_inst_imports(), dst_->ext_inst_imports(), write_inst);
+
+  // There is only one memory model.
+  OutputLine(
+      [this]() {
+        return DoInstructionsMatch(src_->GetMemoryModel(),
+                                   dst_->GetMemoryModel());
+      },
+      [this, &write_inst]() {
+        write_inst(*src_->GetMemoryModel(), src_id_to_,
+                   *src_->GetMemoryModel());
+      },
+      [this, &write_inst]() {
+        write_inst(*dst_->GetMemoryModel(), dst_id_to_,
+                   *dst_->GetMemoryModel());
+      });
+
+  OutputSection(src_->entry_points(), dst_->entry_points(), write_inst);
+  OutputSection(src_->execution_modes(), dst_->execution_modes(), write_inst);
+  OutputSection(src_->debugs1(), dst_->debugs1(), write_inst);
+  OutputSection(src_->debugs2(), dst_->debugs2(), write_inst);
+  OutputSection(src_->debugs3(), dst_->debugs3(), write_inst);
+  OutputSection(src_->ext_inst_debuginfo(), dst_->ext_inst_debuginfo(),
+                write_inst);
+  OutputSection(src_->annotations(), dst_->annotations(), write_inst);
+  OutputSection(src_->types_values(), dst_->types_values(), write_inst);
+
+  // Get the body of all the functions.
+  FunctionInstMap src_func_header_insts;
+  FunctionInstMap dst_func_header_insts;
+
+  GetFunctionHeaderInstructions(src_, &src_func_header_insts);
+  GetFunctionHeaderInstructions(dst_, &dst_func_header_insts);
+
+  for (const auto& src_func : src_func_insts_) {
+    const uint32_t src_func_id = src_func.first;
+    const InstructionList& src_insts = src_func.second;
+    const InstructionList& src_header_insts =
+        src_func_header_insts[src_func_id];
+
+    const uint32_t dst_func_id = id_map_.MappedDstId(src_func_id);
+    if (dst_func_insts_.find(dst_func_id) == dst_func_insts_.end()) {
+      OutputSection(src_header_insts, InstructionList(), write_inst);
+      OutputSection(src_insts, InstructionList(), write_inst);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const InstructionList& dst_insts = dst_func_insts_[dst_func_id];
+    const InstructionList& dst_header_insts =
+        dst_func_header_insts[dst_func_id];
+    OutputSection(src_header_insts, dst_header_insts, write_inst);
+    OutputSection(src_insts, dst_insts, write_inst);
+  }
+
+  for (const auto& dst_func : dst_func_insts_) {
+    const uint32_t dst_func_id = dst_func.first;
+    const InstructionList& dst_insts = dst_func.second;
+    const InstructionList& dst_header_insts =
+        dst_func_header_insts[dst_func_id];
+
+    const uint32_t src_func_id = id_map_.MappedSrcId(dst_func_id);
+    if (src_func_insts_.find(src_func_id) == src_func_insts_.end()) {
+      OutputSection(InstructionList(), dst_header_insts, write_inst);
+      OutputSection(InstructionList(), dst_insts, write_inst);
+    }
+  }
+
+  out_ << std::flush;
+
+  return SPV_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+spv_result_t Diff(opt::IRContext* src, opt::IRContext* dst, std::ostream& out,
+                  Options options) {
+  // High level algorithm:
+  //
+  // - Some sections of SPIR-V don't deal with ids; instructions in those
+  //   sections are matched identically.  For example OpCapability instructions.
+  // - Some sections produce ids, and they can be trivially matched by their
+  //   parameters.  For example OpExtInstImport instructions.
+  // - Some sections annotate ids.  These are matched at the end, after the ids
+  //   themselves are matched.  For example OpName or OpDecorate instructions.
+  // - Some sections produce ids that depend on other ids and they can be
+  //   recursively matched.  For example OpType* instructions.
+  // - Some sections produce ids that are not trivially matched.  For these ids,
+  //   the debug info is used when possible, or a best guess (such as through
+  //   decorations) is used.  For example OpVariable instructions.
+  // - Matching functions is done with multiple attempts:
+  //   * Functions with identical debug names are matched if there are no
+  //     overloads.
+  //   * Otherwise, functions with identical debug names and types are matched.
+  //   * The rest of the functions are best-effort matched, first in groups of
+  //     identical type, then any with any.
+  //     * The best-effort matching takes the diff of every pair of functions in
+  //       a group and selects the top matches that also meet a similarity
+  //       index.
+  //   * Once a pair of functions are matched, the fuzzy diff of the
+  //     instructions is used to match the instructions in the function body.
+  //     The fuzzy diff makes sure that sufficiently similar instructions are
+  //     matched and that yet-to-be-matched result ids don't result in a larger
+  //     diff.
+  //
+  // Once the instructions are matched between the src and dst SPIR-V, the src
+  // is traversed and its disassembly is output.  In the process, any unmatched
+  // instruction is prefixed with -, and any unmatched instruction in dst in the
+  // same section is output prefixed with +.  To avoid confusion, the
+  // instructions in dst are output with matching ids in src so the output
+  // assembly is consistent.
+
+  Differ differ(src, dst, out, options);
+
+  // First, match instructions between the different non-annotation sections of
+  // the SPIR-V.
+  differ.MatchCapabilities();
+  differ.MatchExtensions();
+  differ.MatchExtInstImportIds();
+  differ.MatchMemoryModel();
+  differ.MatchEntryPointIds();
+  differ.MatchExecutionModes();
+  differ.MatchTypeForwardPointers();
+  differ.MatchTypeIds();
+  differ.MatchConstants();
+  differ.MatchVariableIds();
+  differ.MatchFunctions();
+
+  // Match instructions that annotate previously-matched ids.
+  differ.MatchDebugs1();
+  differ.MatchDebugs2();
+  differ.MatchDebugs3();
+  differ.MatchExtInstDebugInfo();
+  differ.MatchAnnotations();
+
+  // Show the disassembly with the diff.
+  //
+  // TODO: Based on an option, output either based on src or dst, i.e. the diff
+  // can show the ids and instruction/function order either from src or dst.
+  spv_result_t result = differ.Output();
+
+  differ.DumpIdMap();
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/source/diff/diff.h b/source/diff/diff.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..932de9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/diff/diff.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef SOURCE_DIFF_DIFF_H_
+#define SOURCE_DIFF_DIFF_H_
+
+#include "source/opt/ir_context.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+
+struct Options {
+  bool ignore_set_binding = false;
+  bool ignore_location = false;
+  bool indent = false;
+  bool no_header = false;
+  bool color_output = false;
+  bool dump_id_map = false;
+};
+
+// Given two SPIR-V modules, this function outputs the textual diff of their
+// assembly in `out`.  The diff is *semantic*, so that the ordering of certain
+// instructions wouldn't matter.
+//
+// The output is a disassembly of src, with diff(1)-style + and - lines that
+// show how the src is changed into dst.  To make this disassembly
+// self-consistent, the ids that are output are all in the space of the src
+// module; e.g. any + lines (showing instructions from the dst module) have
+// their ids mapped to the matched instruction in the src module (or a new id
+// allocated in the src module if unmatched).
+spv_result_t Diff(opt::IRContext* src, opt::IRContext* dst, std::ostream& out,
+                  Options options);
+
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
+
+#endif  // SOURCE_DIFF_DIFF_H_
diff --git a/source/diff/lcs.h b/source/diff/lcs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c00e86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/diff/lcs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef SOURCE_DIFF_LCS_H_
+#define SOURCE_DIFF_LCS_H_
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <stack>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+
+// The result of a diff.
+using DiffMatch = std::vector<bool>;
+
+// Helper class to find the longest common subsequence between two function
+// bodies.
+template <typename Sequence>
+class LongestCommonSubsequence {
+ public:
+  LongestCommonSubsequence(const Sequence& src, const Sequence& dst)
+      : src_(src),
+        dst_(dst),
+        table_(src.size(), std::vector<DiffMatchEntry>(dst.size())) {}
+
+  // Given two sequences, it creates a matching between them.  The elements are
+  // simply marked as matched in src and dst, with any unmatched element in src
+  // implying a removal and any unmatched element in dst implying an addition.
+  //
+  // Returns the length of the longest common subsequence.
+  template <typename T>
+  uint32_t Get(std::function<bool(T src_elem, T dst_elem)> match,
+               DiffMatch* src_match_result, DiffMatch* dst_match_result);
+
+ private:
+  struct DiffMatchIndex {
+    uint32_t src_offset;
+    uint32_t dst_offset;
+  };
+
+  template <typename T>
+  void CalculateLCS(std::function<bool(T src_elem, T dst_elem)> match);
+  void RetrieveMatch(DiffMatch* src_match_result, DiffMatch* dst_match_result);
+  bool IsInBound(DiffMatchIndex index) {
+    return index.src_offset < src_.size() && index.dst_offset < dst_.size();
+  }
+  bool IsCalculated(DiffMatchIndex index) {
+    assert(IsInBound(index));
+    return table_[index.src_offset][index.dst_offset].valid;
+  }
+  bool IsCalculatedOrOutOfBound(DiffMatchIndex index) {
+    return !IsInBound(index) || IsCalculated(index);
+  }
+  uint32_t GetMemoizedLength(DiffMatchIndex index) {
+    if (!IsInBound(index)) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    assert(IsCalculated(index));
+    return table_[index.src_offset][index.dst_offset].best_match_length;
+  }
+  bool IsMatched(DiffMatchIndex index) {
+    assert(IsCalculated(index));
+    return table_[index.src_offset][index.dst_offset].matched;
+  }
+  void MarkMatched(DiffMatchIndex index, uint32_t best_match_length,
+                   bool matched) {
+    assert(IsInBound(index));
+    DiffMatchEntry& entry = table_[index.src_offset][index.dst_offset];
+    assert(!entry.valid);
+
+    entry.best_match_length = best_match_length & 0x3FFFFFFF;
+    assert(entry.best_match_length == best_match_length);
+    entry.matched = matched;
+    entry.valid = true;
+  }
+
+  const Sequence& src_;
+  const Sequence& dst_;
+
+  struct DiffMatchEntry {
+    DiffMatchEntry() : best_match_length(0), matched(false), valid(false) {}
+
+    uint32_t best_match_length : 30;
+    // Whether src[i] and dst[j] matched.  This is an optimization to avoid
+    // calling the `match` function again when walking the LCS table.
+    uint32_t matched : 1;
+    // Use for the recursive algorithm to know if the contents of this entry are
+    // valid.
+    uint32_t valid : 1;
+  };
+
+  std::vector<std::vector<DiffMatchEntry>> table_;
+};
+
+template <typename Sequence>
+template <typename T>
+uint32_t LongestCommonSubsequence<Sequence>::Get(
+    std::function<bool(T src_elem, T dst_elem)> match,
+    DiffMatch* src_match_result, DiffMatch* dst_match_result) {
+  CalculateLCS(match);
+  RetrieveMatch(src_match_result, dst_match_result);
+  return GetMemoizedLength({0, 0});
+}
+
+template <typename Sequence>
+template <typename T>
+void LongestCommonSubsequence<Sequence>::CalculateLCS(
+    std::function<bool(T src_elem, T dst_elem)> match) {
+  // The LCS algorithm is simple.  Given sequences s and d, with a:b depicting a
+  // range in python syntax:
+  //
+  //     lcs(s[i:], d[j:]) =
+  //         lcs(s[i+1:], d[j+1:]) + 1                        if s[i] == d[j]
+  //         max(lcs(s[i+1:], d[j:]), lcs(s[i:], d[j+1:]))               o.w.
+  //
+  // Once the LCS table is filled according to the above, it can be walked and
+  // the best match retrieved.
+  //
+  // This is a recursive function with memoization, which avoids filling table
+  // entries where unnecessary.  This makes the best case O(N) instead of
+  // O(N^2).  The implemention uses a std::stack to avoid stack overflow on long
+  // sequences.
+
+  if (src_.empty() || dst_.empty()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  std::stack<DiffMatchIndex> to_calculate;
+  to_calculate.push({0, 0});
+
+  while (!to_calculate.empty()) {
+    DiffMatchIndex current = to_calculate.top();
+    to_calculate.pop();
+    assert(IsInBound(current));
+
+    // If already calculated through another path, ignore it.
+    if (IsCalculated(current)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (match(src_[current.src_offset], dst_[current.dst_offset])) {
+      // If the current elements match, advance both indices and calculate the
+      // LCS if not already.  Visit `current` again afterwards, so its
+      // corresponding entry will be updated.
+      DiffMatchIndex next = {current.src_offset + 1, current.dst_offset + 1};
+      if (IsCalculatedOrOutOfBound(next)) {
+        MarkMatched(current, GetMemoizedLength(next) + 1, true);
+      } else {
+        to_calculate.push(current);
+        to_calculate.push(next);
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // We've reached a pair of elements that don't match.  Calculate the LCS for
+    // both cases of either being left unmatched and take the max.  Visit
+    // `current` again afterwards, so its corresponding entry will be updated.
+    DiffMatchIndex next_src = {current.src_offset + 1, current.dst_offset};
+    DiffMatchIndex next_dst = {current.src_offset, current.dst_offset + 1};
+
+    if (IsCalculatedOrOutOfBound(next_src) &&
+        IsCalculatedOrOutOfBound(next_dst)) {
+      uint32_t best_match_length =
+          std::max(GetMemoizedLength(next_src), GetMemoizedLength(next_dst));
+      MarkMatched(current, best_match_length, false);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    to_calculate.push(current);
+    if (!IsCalculatedOrOutOfBound(next_src)) {
+      to_calculate.push(next_src);
+    }
+    if (!IsCalculatedOrOutOfBound(next_dst)) {
+      to_calculate.push(next_dst);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Sequence>
+void LongestCommonSubsequence<Sequence>::RetrieveMatch(
+    DiffMatch* src_match_result, DiffMatch* dst_match_result) {
+  src_match_result->clear();
+  dst_match_result->clear();
+
+  src_match_result->resize(src_.size(), false);
+  dst_match_result->resize(dst_.size(), false);
+
+  DiffMatchIndex current = {0, 0};
+  while (IsInBound(current)) {
+    if (IsMatched(current)) {
+      (*src_match_result)[current.src_offset++] = true;
+      (*dst_match_result)[current.dst_offset++] = true;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (GetMemoizedLength({current.src_offset + 1, current.dst_offset}) >=
+        GetMemoizedLength({current.src_offset, current.dst_offset + 1})) {
+      ++current.src_offset;
+    } else {
+      ++current.dst_offset;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
+
+#endif  // SOURCE_DIFF_LCS_H_
diff --git a/source/disassemble.cpp b/source/disassemble.cpp
index c553988..1d61b9f 100644
--- a/source/disassemble.cpp
+++ b/source/disassemble.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 // This file contains a disassembler:  It converts a SPIR-V binary
 // to text.
 
+#include "source/disassemble.h"
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cstring>
@@ -28,9 +30,7 @@
 #include "source/assembly_grammar.h"
 #include "source/binary.h"
 #include "source/diagnostic.h"
-#include "source/disassemble.h"
 #include "source/ext_inst.h"
-#include "source/name_mapper.h"
 #include "source/opcode.h"
 #include "source/parsed_operand.h"
 #include "source/print.h"
@@ -40,29 +40,21 @@
 #include "source/util/make_unique.h"
 #include "spirv-tools/libspirv.h"
 
+namespace spvtools {
 namespace {
 
 // A Disassembler instance converts a SPIR-V binary to its assembly
 // representation.
 class Disassembler {
  public:
-  Disassembler(const spvtools::AssemblyGrammar& grammar, uint32_t options,
-               spvtools::NameMapper name_mapper)
-      : grammar_(grammar),
-        print_(spvIsInBitfield(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_PRINT, options)),
-        color_(spvIsInBitfield(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_COLOR, options)),
-        indent_(spvIsInBitfield(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_INDENT, options)
-                    ? kStandardIndent
-                    : 0),
-        comment_(spvIsInBitfield(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_COMMENT, options)),
+  Disassembler(const AssemblyGrammar& grammar, uint32_t options,
+               NameMapper name_mapper)
+      : print_(spvIsInBitfield(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_PRINT, options)),
         text_(),
         out_(print_ ? out_stream() : out_stream(text_)),
-        stream_(out_.get()),
+        instruction_disassembler_(grammar, out_.get(), options, name_mapper),
         header_(!spvIsInBitfield(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_NO_HEADER, options)),
-        show_byte_offset_(spvIsInBitfield(
-            SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_SHOW_BYTE_OFFSET, options)),
-        byte_offset_(0),
-        name_mapper_(std::move(name_mapper)) {}
+        byte_offset_(0) {}
 
   // Emits the assembly header for the module, and sets up internal state
   // so subsequent callbacks can handle the cases where the entire module
@@ -78,56 +70,13 @@
   spv_result_t SaveTextResult(spv_text* text_result) const;
 
  private:
-  enum { kStandardIndent = 15 };
-
-  using out_stream = spvtools::out_stream;
-
-  // Emits an operand for the given instruction, where the instruction
-  // is at offset words from the start of the binary.
-  void EmitOperand(const spv_parsed_instruction_t& inst,
-                   const uint16_t operand_index);
-
-  // Emits a mask expression for the given mask word of the specified type.
-  void EmitMaskOperand(const spv_operand_type_t type, const uint32_t word);
-
-  // Resets the output color, if color is turned on.
-  void ResetColor() {
-    if (color_) out_.get() << spvtools::clr::reset{print_};
-  }
-  // Sets the output to grey, if color is turned on.
-  void SetGrey() {
-    if (color_) out_.get() << spvtools::clr::grey{print_};
-  }
-  // Sets the output to blue, if color is turned on.
-  void SetBlue() {
-    if (color_) out_.get() << spvtools::clr::blue{print_};
-  }
-  // Sets the output to yellow, if color is turned on.
-  void SetYellow() {
-    if (color_) out_.get() << spvtools::clr::yellow{print_};
-  }
-  // Sets the output to red, if color is turned on.
-  void SetRed() {
-    if (color_) out_.get() << spvtools::clr::red{print_};
-  }
-  // Sets the output to green, if color is turned on.
-  void SetGreen() {
-    if (color_) out_.get() << spvtools::clr::green{print_};
-  }
-
-  const spvtools::AssemblyGrammar& grammar_;
   const bool print_;  // Should we also print to the standard output stream?
-  const bool color_;  // Should we print in colour?
-  const int indent_;  // How much to indent. 0 means don't indent
-  const int comment_;        // Should we comment the source
   spv_endianness_t endian_;  // The detected endianness of the binary.
   std::stringstream text_;   // Captures the text, if not printing.
   out_stream out_;  // The Output stream.  Either to text_ or standard output.
-  std::ostream& stream_;  // The output std::stream.
-  const bool header_;     // Should we output header as the leading comment?
-  const bool show_byte_offset_;  // Should we print byte offset, in hex?
-  size_t byte_offset_;           // The number of bytes processed so far.
-  spvtools::NameMapper name_mapper_;
+  disassemble::InstructionDisassembler instruction_disassembler_;
+  const bool header_;   // Should we output header as the leading comment?
+  size_t byte_offset_;  // The number of bytes processed so far.
   bool inserted_decoration_space_ = false;
   bool inserted_debug_space_ = false;
   bool inserted_type_space_ = false;
@@ -139,21 +88,11 @@
   endian_ = endian;
 
   if (header_) {
-    const char* generator_tool =
-        spvGeneratorStr(SPV_GENERATOR_TOOL_PART(generator));
-    stream_ << "; SPIR-V\n"
-            << "; Version: " << SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_MAJOR_PART(version) << "."
-            << SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_MINOR_PART(version) << "\n"
-            << "; Generator: " << generator_tool;
-    // For unknown tools, print the numeric tool value.
-    if (0 == strcmp("Unknown", generator_tool)) {
-      stream_ << "(" << SPV_GENERATOR_TOOL_PART(generator) << ")";
-    }
-    // Print the miscellaneous part of the generator word on the same
-    // line as the tool name.
-    stream_ << "; " << SPV_GENERATOR_MISC_PART(generator) << "\n"
-            << "; Bound: " << id_bound << "\n"
-            << "; Schema: " << schema << "\n";
+    instruction_disassembler_.EmitHeaderSpirv();
+    instruction_disassembler_.EmitHeaderVersion(version);
+    instruction_disassembler_.EmitHeaderGenerator(generator);
+    instruction_disassembler_.EmitHeaderIdBound(id_bound);
+    instruction_disassembler_.EmitHeaderSchema(schema);
   }
 
   byte_offset_ = SPV_INDEX_INSTRUCTION * sizeof(uint32_t);
@@ -163,232 +102,17 @@
 
 spv_result_t Disassembler::HandleInstruction(
     const spv_parsed_instruction_t& inst) {
-  auto opcode = static_cast<SpvOp>(inst.opcode);
-  if (comment_ && opcode == SpvOpFunction) {
-    stream_ << std::endl;
-    stream_ << std::string(indent_, ' ');
-    stream_ << "; Function " << name_mapper_(inst.result_id) << std::endl;
-  }
-  if (comment_ && !inserted_decoration_space_ &&
-      spvOpcodeIsDecoration(opcode)) {
-    inserted_decoration_space_ = true;
-    stream_ << std::endl;
-    stream_ << std::string(indent_, ' ');
-    stream_ << "; Annotations" << std::endl;
-  }
-  if (comment_ && !inserted_debug_space_ && spvOpcodeIsDebug(opcode)) {
-    inserted_debug_space_ = true;
-    stream_ << std::endl;
-    stream_ << std::string(indent_, ' ');
-    stream_ << "; Debug Information" << std::endl;
-  }
-  if (comment_ && !inserted_type_space_ && spvOpcodeGeneratesType(opcode)) {
-    inserted_type_space_ = true;
-    stream_ << std::endl;
-    stream_ << std::string(indent_, ' ');
-    stream_ << "; Types, variables and constants" << std::endl;
-  }
+  instruction_disassembler_.EmitSectionComment(inst, inserted_decoration_space_,
+                                               inserted_debug_space_,
+                                               inserted_type_space_);
 
-  if (inst.result_id) {
-    SetBlue();
-    const std::string id_name = name_mapper_(inst.result_id);
-    if (indent_)
-      stream_ << std::setw(std::max(0, indent_ - 3 - int(id_name.size())));
-    stream_ << "%" << id_name;
-    ResetColor();
-    stream_ << " = ";
-  } else {
-    stream_ << std::string(indent_, ' ');
-  }
-
-  stream_ << "Op" << spvOpcodeString(opcode);
-
-  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < inst.num_operands; i++) {
-    const spv_operand_type_t type = inst.operands[i].type;
-    assert(type != SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_NONE);
-    if (type == SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_RESULT_ID) continue;
-    stream_ << " ";
-    EmitOperand(inst, i);
-  }
-
-  if (comment_ && opcode == SpvOpName) {
-    const spv_parsed_operand_t& operand = inst.operands[0];
-    const uint32_t word = inst.words[operand.offset];
-    stream_ << "  ; id %" << word;
-  }
-
-  if (show_byte_offset_) {
-    SetGrey();
-    auto saved_flags = stream_.flags();
-    auto saved_fill = stream_.fill();
-    stream_ << " ; 0x" << std::setw(8) << std::hex << std::setfill('0')
-            << byte_offset_;
-    stream_.flags(saved_flags);
-    stream_.fill(saved_fill);
-    ResetColor();
-  }
+  instruction_disassembler_.EmitInstruction(inst, byte_offset_);
 
   byte_offset_ += inst.num_words * sizeof(uint32_t);
 
-  stream_ << "\n";
   return SPV_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-void Disassembler::EmitOperand(const spv_parsed_instruction_t& inst,
-                               const uint16_t operand_index) {
-  assert(operand_index < inst.num_operands);
-  const spv_parsed_operand_t& operand = inst.operands[operand_index];
-  const uint32_t word = inst.words[operand.offset];
-  switch (operand.type) {
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_RESULT_ID:
-      assert(false && "<result-id> is not supposed to be handled here");
-      SetBlue();
-      stream_ << "%" << name_mapper_(word);
-      break;
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ID:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_TYPE_ID:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SCOPE_ID:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY_SEMANTICS_ID:
-      SetYellow();
-      stream_ << "%" << name_mapper_(word);
-      break;
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_EXTENSION_INSTRUCTION_NUMBER: {
-      spv_ext_inst_desc ext_inst;
-      SetRed();
-      if (grammar_.lookupExtInst(inst.ext_inst_type, word, &ext_inst) ==
-          SPV_SUCCESS) {
-        stream_ << ext_inst->name;
-      } else {
-        if (!spvExtInstIsNonSemantic(inst.ext_inst_type)) {
-          assert(false && "should have caught this earlier");
-        } else {
-          // for non-semantic instruction sets we can just print the number
-          stream_ << word;
-        }
-      }
-    } break;
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SPEC_CONSTANT_OP_NUMBER: {
-      spv_opcode_desc opcode_desc;
-      if (grammar_.lookupOpcode(SpvOp(word), &opcode_desc))
-        assert(false && "should have caught this earlier");
-      SetRed();
-      stream_ << opcode_desc->name;
-    } break;
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_INTEGER:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_TYPED_LITERAL_NUMBER: {
-      SetRed();
-      spvtools::EmitNumericLiteral(&stream_, inst, operand);
-      ResetColor();
-    } break;
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_STRING: {
-      stream_ << "\"";
-      SetGreen();
-      // Strings are always little-endian, and null-terminated.
-      // Write out the characters, escaping as needed, and without copying
-      // the entire string.
-      auto c_str = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(inst.words + operand.offset);
-      for (auto p = c_str; *p; ++p) {
-        if (*p == '"' || *p == '\\') stream_ << '\\';
-        stream_ << *p;
-      }
-      ResetColor();
-      stream_ << '"';
-    } break;
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_CAPABILITY:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SOURCE_LANGUAGE:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_EXECUTION_MODEL:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ADDRESSING_MODEL:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY_MODEL:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_EXECUTION_MODE:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_STORAGE_CLASS:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_DIMENSIONALITY:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SAMPLER_ADDRESSING_MODE:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SAMPLER_FILTER_MODE:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SAMPLER_IMAGE_FORMAT:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_FP_ROUNDING_MODE:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LINKAGE_TYPE:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ACCESS_QUALIFIER:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_FUNCTION_PARAMETER_ATTRIBUTE:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_DECORATION:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_BUILT_IN:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_GROUP_OPERATION:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_KERNEL_ENQ_FLAGS:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_KERNEL_PROFILING_INFO:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_RAY_FLAGS:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_RAY_QUERY_INTERSECTION:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_RAY_QUERY_COMMITTED_INTERSECTION_TYPE:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_RAY_QUERY_CANDIDATE_INTERSECTION_TYPE:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_DEBUG_BASE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCODING:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_DEBUG_COMPOSITE_TYPE:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_DEBUG_TYPE_QUALIFIER:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_DEBUG_OPERATION:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_CLDEBUG100_DEBUG_BASE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCODING:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_CLDEBUG100_DEBUG_COMPOSITE_TYPE:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_CLDEBUG100_DEBUG_TYPE_QUALIFIER:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_CLDEBUG100_DEBUG_OPERATION:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_CLDEBUG100_DEBUG_IMPORTED_ENTITY:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_FPDENORM_MODE:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_FPOPERATION_MODE:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_QUANTIZATION_MODES:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_OVERFLOW_MODES: {
-      spv_operand_desc entry;
-      if (grammar_.lookupOperand(operand.type, word, &entry))
-        assert(false && "should have caught this earlier");
-      stream_ << entry->name;
-    } break;
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_FP_FAST_MATH_MODE:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_FUNCTION_CONTROL:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LOOP_CONTROL:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_IMAGE:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY_ACCESS:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SELECTION_CONTROL:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_DEBUG_INFO_FLAGS:
-    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_CLDEBUG100_DEBUG_INFO_FLAGS:
-      EmitMaskOperand(operand.type, word);
-      break;
-    default:
-      if (spvOperandIsConcreteMask(operand.type)) {
-        EmitMaskOperand(operand.type, word);
-      } else if (spvOperandIsConcrete(operand.type)) {
-        spv_operand_desc entry;
-        if (grammar_.lookupOperand(operand.type, word, &entry))
-          assert(false && "should have caught this earlier");
-        stream_ << entry->name;
-      } else {
-        assert(false && "unhandled or invalid case");
-      }
-      break;
-  }
-  ResetColor();
-}
-
-void Disassembler::EmitMaskOperand(const spv_operand_type_t type,
-                                   const uint32_t word) {
-  // Scan the mask from least significant bit to most significant bit.  For each
-  // set bit, emit the name of that bit. Separate multiple names with '|'.
-  uint32_t remaining_word = word;
-  uint32_t mask;
-  int num_emitted = 0;
-  for (mask = 1; remaining_word; mask <<= 1) {
-    if (remaining_word & mask) {
-      remaining_word ^= mask;
-      spv_operand_desc entry;
-      if (grammar_.lookupOperand(type, mask, &entry))
-        assert(false && "should have caught this earlier");
-      if (num_emitted) stream_ << "|";
-      stream_ << entry->name;
-      num_emitted++;
-    }
-  }
-  if (!num_emitted) {
-    // An operand value of 0 was provided, so represent it by the name
-    // of the 0 value. In many cases, that's "None".
-    spv_operand_desc entry;
-    if (SPV_SUCCESS == grammar_.lookupOperand(type, 0, &entry))
-      stream_ << entry->name;
-  }
-}
-
 spv_result_t Disassembler::SaveTextResult(spv_text* text_result) const {
   if (!print_) {
     size_t length = text_.str().size();
@@ -470,8 +194,342 @@
   return SPV_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+constexpr int kStandardIndent = 15;
 }  // namespace
 
+namespace disassemble {
+InstructionDisassembler::InstructionDisassembler(const AssemblyGrammar& grammar,
+                                                 std::ostream& stream,
+                                                 uint32_t options,
+                                                 NameMapper name_mapper)
+    : grammar_(grammar),
+      stream_(stream),
+      print_(spvIsInBitfield(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_PRINT, options)),
+      color_(spvIsInBitfield(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_COLOR, options)),
+      indent_(spvIsInBitfield(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_INDENT, options)
+                  ? kStandardIndent
+                  : 0),
+      comment_(spvIsInBitfield(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_COMMENT, options)),
+      show_byte_offset_(
+          spvIsInBitfield(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_SHOW_BYTE_OFFSET, options)),
+      name_mapper_(std::move(name_mapper)) {}
+
+void InstructionDisassembler::EmitHeaderSpirv() { stream_ << "; SPIR-V\n"; }
+
+void InstructionDisassembler::EmitHeaderVersion(uint32_t version) {
+  stream_ << "; Version: " << SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_MAJOR_PART(version) << "."
+          << SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_MINOR_PART(version) << "\n";
+}
+
+void InstructionDisassembler::EmitHeaderGenerator(uint32_t generator) {
+  const char* generator_tool =
+      spvGeneratorStr(SPV_GENERATOR_TOOL_PART(generator));
+  stream_ << "; Generator: " << generator_tool;
+  // For unknown tools, print the numeric tool value.
+  if (0 == strcmp("Unknown", generator_tool)) {
+    stream_ << "(" << SPV_GENERATOR_TOOL_PART(generator) << ")";
+  }
+  // Print the miscellaneous part of the generator word on the same
+  // line as the tool name.
+  stream_ << "; " << SPV_GENERATOR_MISC_PART(generator) << "\n";
+}
+
+void InstructionDisassembler::EmitHeaderIdBound(uint32_t id_bound) {
+  stream_ << "; Bound: " << id_bound << "\n";
+}
+
+void InstructionDisassembler::EmitHeaderSchema(uint32_t schema) {
+  stream_ << "; Schema: " << schema << "\n";
+}
+
+void InstructionDisassembler::EmitInstruction(
+    const spv_parsed_instruction_t& inst, size_t inst_byte_offset) {
+  auto opcode = static_cast<SpvOp>(inst.opcode);
+
+  if (inst.result_id) {
+    SetBlue();
+    const std::string id_name = name_mapper_(inst.result_id);
+    if (indent_)
+      stream_ << std::setw(std::max(0, indent_ - 3 - int(id_name.size())));
+    stream_ << "%" << id_name;
+    ResetColor();
+    stream_ << " = ";
+  } else {
+    stream_ << std::string(indent_, ' ');
+  }
+
+  stream_ << "Op" << spvOpcodeString(opcode);
+
+  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < inst.num_operands; i++) {
+    const spv_operand_type_t type = inst.operands[i].type;
+    assert(type != SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_NONE);
+    if (type == SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_RESULT_ID) continue;
+    stream_ << " ";
+    EmitOperand(inst, i);
+  }
+
+  if (comment_ && opcode == SpvOpName) {
+    const spv_parsed_operand_t& operand = inst.operands[0];
+    const uint32_t word = inst.words[operand.offset];
+    stream_ << "  ; id %" << word;
+  }
+
+  if (show_byte_offset_) {
+    SetGrey();
+    auto saved_flags = stream_.flags();
+    auto saved_fill = stream_.fill();
+    stream_ << " ; 0x" << std::setw(8) << std::hex << std::setfill('0')
+            << inst_byte_offset;
+    stream_.flags(saved_flags);
+    stream_.fill(saved_fill);
+    ResetColor();
+  }
+  stream_ << "\n";
+}
+
+void InstructionDisassembler::EmitSectionComment(
+    const spv_parsed_instruction_t& inst, bool& inserted_decoration_space,
+    bool& inserted_debug_space, bool& inserted_type_space) {
+  auto opcode = static_cast<SpvOp>(inst.opcode);
+  if (comment_ && opcode == SpvOpFunction) {
+    stream_ << std::endl;
+    stream_ << std::string(indent_, ' ');
+    stream_ << "; Function " << name_mapper_(inst.result_id) << std::endl;
+  }
+  if (comment_ && !inserted_decoration_space && spvOpcodeIsDecoration(opcode)) {
+    inserted_decoration_space = true;
+    stream_ << std::endl;
+    stream_ << std::string(indent_, ' ');
+    stream_ << "; Annotations" << std::endl;
+  }
+  if (comment_ && !inserted_debug_space && spvOpcodeIsDebug(opcode)) {
+    inserted_debug_space = true;
+    stream_ << std::endl;
+    stream_ << std::string(indent_, ' ');
+    stream_ << "; Debug Information" << std::endl;
+  }
+  if (comment_ && !inserted_type_space && spvOpcodeGeneratesType(opcode)) {
+    inserted_type_space = true;
+    stream_ << std::endl;
+    stream_ << std::string(indent_, ' ');
+    stream_ << "; Types, variables and constants" << std::endl;
+  }
+}
+
+void InstructionDisassembler::EmitOperand(const spv_parsed_instruction_t& inst,
+                                          const uint16_t operand_index) {
+  assert(operand_index < inst.num_operands);
+  const spv_parsed_operand_t& operand = inst.operands[operand_index];
+  const uint32_t word = inst.words[operand.offset];
+  switch (operand.type) {
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_RESULT_ID:
+      assert(false && "<result-id> is not supposed to be handled here");
+      SetBlue();
+      stream_ << "%" << name_mapper_(word);
+      break;
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ID:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_TYPE_ID:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SCOPE_ID:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY_SEMANTICS_ID:
+      SetYellow();
+      stream_ << "%" << name_mapper_(word);
+      break;
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_EXTENSION_INSTRUCTION_NUMBER: {
+      spv_ext_inst_desc ext_inst;
+      SetRed();
+      if (grammar_.lookupExtInst(inst.ext_inst_type, word, &ext_inst) ==
+          SPV_SUCCESS) {
+        stream_ << ext_inst->name;
+      } else {
+        if (!spvExtInstIsNonSemantic(inst.ext_inst_type)) {
+          assert(false && "should have caught this earlier");
+        } else {
+          // for non-semantic instruction sets we can just print the number
+          stream_ << word;
+        }
+      }
+    } break;
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SPEC_CONSTANT_OP_NUMBER: {
+      spv_opcode_desc opcode_desc;
+      if (grammar_.lookupOpcode(SpvOp(word), &opcode_desc))
+        assert(false && "should have caught this earlier");
+      SetRed();
+      stream_ << opcode_desc->name;
+    } break;
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_INTEGER:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_TYPED_LITERAL_NUMBER: {
+      SetRed();
+      EmitNumericLiteral(&stream_, inst, operand);
+      ResetColor();
+    } break;
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_STRING: {
+      stream_ << "\"";
+      SetGreen();
+
+      std::string str = spvDecodeLiteralStringOperand(inst, operand_index);
+      for (char const& c : str) {
+        if (c == '"' || c == '\\') stream_ << '\\';
+        stream_ << c;
+      }
+      ResetColor();
+      stream_ << '"';
+    } break;
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_CAPABILITY:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SOURCE_LANGUAGE:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_EXECUTION_MODEL:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ADDRESSING_MODEL:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY_MODEL:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_EXECUTION_MODE:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_STORAGE_CLASS:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_DIMENSIONALITY:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SAMPLER_ADDRESSING_MODE:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SAMPLER_FILTER_MODE:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SAMPLER_IMAGE_FORMAT:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_FP_ROUNDING_MODE:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LINKAGE_TYPE:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ACCESS_QUALIFIER:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_FUNCTION_PARAMETER_ATTRIBUTE:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_DECORATION:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_BUILT_IN:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_GROUP_OPERATION:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_KERNEL_ENQ_FLAGS:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_KERNEL_PROFILING_INFO:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_RAY_FLAGS:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_RAY_QUERY_INTERSECTION:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_RAY_QUERY_COMMITTED_INTERSECTION_TYPE:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_RAY_QUERY_CANDIDATE_INTERSECTION_TYPE:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_DEBUG_BASE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCODING:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_DEBUG_COMPOSITE_TYPE:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_DEBUG_TYPE_QUALIFIER:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_DEBUG_OPERATION:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_CLDEBUG100_DEBUG_BASE_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCODING:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_CLDEBUG100_DEBUG_COMPOSITE_TYPE:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_CLDEBUG100_DEBUG_TYPE_QUALIFIER:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_CLDEBUG100_DEBUG_OPERATION:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_CLDEBUG100_DEBUG_IMPORTED_ENTITY:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_FPDENORM_MODE:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_FPOPERATION_MODE:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_QUANTIZATION_MODES:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_OVERFLOW_MODES: {
+      spv_operand_desc entry;
+      if (grammar_.lookupOperand(operand.type, word, &entry))
+        assert(false && "should have caught this earlier");
+      stream_ << entry->name;
+    } break;
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_FP_FAST_MATH_MODE:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_FUNCTION_CONTROL:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LOOP_CONTROL:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_IMAGE:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY_ACCESS:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SELECTION_CONTROL:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_DEBUG_INFO_FLAGS:
+    case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_CLDEBUG100_DEBUG_INFO_FLAGS:
+      EmitMaskOperand(operand.type, word);
+      break;
+    default:
+      if (spvOperandIsConcreteMask(operand.type)) {
+        EmitMaskOperand(operand.type, word);
+      } else if (spvOperandIsConcrete(operand.type)) {
+        spv_operand_desc entry;
+        if (grammar_.lookupOperand(operand.type, word, &entry))
+          assert(false && "should have caught this earlier");
+        stream_ << entry->name;
+      } else {
+        assert(false && "unhandled or invalid case");
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+  ResetColor();
+}
+
+void InstructionDisassembler::EmitMaskOperand(const spv_operand_type_t type,
+                                              const uint32_t word) {
+  // Scan the mask from least significant bit to most significant bit.  For each
+  // set bit, emit the name of that bit. Separate multiple names with '|'.
+  uint32_t remaining_word = word;
+  uint32_t mask;
+  int num_emitted = 0;
+  for (mask = 1; remaining_word; mask <<= 1) {
+    if (remaining_word & mask) {
+      remaining_word ^= mask;
+      spv_operand_desc entry;
+      if (grammar_.lookupOperand(type, mask, &entry))
+        assert(false && "should have caught this earlier");
+      if (num_emitted) stream_ << "|";
+      stream_ << entry->name;
+      num_emitted++;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!num_emitted) {
+    // An operand value of 0 was provided, so represent it by the name
+    // of the 0 value. In many cases, that's "None".
+    spv_operand_desc entry;
+    if (SPV_SUCCESS == grammar_.lookupOperand(type, 0, &entry))
+      stream_ << entry->name;
+  }
+}
+
+void InstructionDisassembler::ResetColor() {
+  if (color_) stream_ << spvtools::clr::reset{print_};
+}
+void InstructionDisassembler::SetGrey() {
+  if (color_) stream_ << spvtools::clr::grey{print_};
+}
+void InstructionDisassembler::SetBlue() {
+  if (color_) stream_ << spvtools::clr::blue{print_};
+}
+void InstructionDisassembler::SetYellow() {
+  if (color_) stream_ << spvtools::clr::yellow{print_};
+}
+void InstructionDisassembler::SetRed() {
+  if (color_) stream_ << spvtools::clr::red{print_};
+}
+void InstructionDisassembler::SetGreen() {
+  if (color_) stream_ << spvtools::clr::green{print_};
+}
+}  // namespace disassemble
+
+std::string spvInstructionBinaryToText(const spv_target_env env,
+                                       const uint32_t* instCode,
+                                       const size_t instWordCount,
+                                       const uint32_t* code,
+                                       const size_t wordCount,
+                                       const uint32_t options) {
+  spv_context context = spvContextCreate(env);
+  const AssemblyGrammar grammar(context);
+  if (!grammar.isValid()) {
+    spvContextDestroy(context);
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  // Generate friendly names for Ids if requested.
+  std::unique_ptr<FriendlyNameMapper> friendly_mapper;
+  NameMapper name_mapper = GetTrivialNameMapper();
+  if (options & SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_FRIENDLY_NAMES) {
+    friendly_mapper = MakeUnique<FriendlyNameMapper>(context, code, wordCount);
+    name_mapper = friendly_mapper->GetNameMapper();
+  }
+
+  // Now disassemble!
+  Disassembler disassembler(grammar, options, name_mapper);
+  WrappedDisassembler wrapped(&disassembler, instCode, instWordCount);
+  spvBinaryParse(context, &wrapped, code, wordCount, DisassembleTargetHeader,
+                 DisassembleTargetInstruction, nullptr);
+
+  spv_text text = nullptr;
+  std::string output;
+  if (disassembler.SaveTextResult(&text) == SPV_SUCCESS) {
+    output.assign(text->str, text->str + text->length);
+    // Drop trailing newline characters.
+    while (!output.empty() && output.back() == '\n') output.pop_back();
+  }
+  spvTextDestroy(text);
+  spvContextDestroy(context);
+
+  return output;
+}
+}  // namespace spvtools
+
 spv_result_t spvBinaryToText(const spv_const_context context,
                              const uint32_t* code, const size_t wordCount,
                              const uint32_t options, spv_text* pText,
@@ -495,53 +553,13 @@
   }
 
   // Now disassemble!
-  Disassembler disassembler(grammar, options, name_mapper);
-  if (auto error = spvBinaryParse(&hijack_context, &disassembler, code,
-                                  wordCount, DisassembleHeader,
-                                  DisassembleInstruction, pDiagnostic)) {
+  spvtools::Disassembler disassembler(grammar, options, name_mapper);
+  if (auto error =
+          spvBinaryParse(&hijack_context, &disassembler, code, wordCount,
+                         spvtools::DisassembleHeader,
+                         spvtools::DisassembleInstruction, pDiagnostic)) {
     return error;
   }
 
   return disassembler.SaveTextResult(pText);
 }
-
-std::string spvtools::spvInstructionBinaryToText(const spv_target_env env,
-                                                 const uint32_t* instCode,
-                                                 const size_t instWordCount,
-                                                 const uint32_t* code,
-                                                 const size_t wordCount,
-                                                 const uint32_t options) {
-  spv_context context = spvContextCreate(env);
-  const spvtools::AssemblyGrammar grammar(context);
-  if (!grammar.isValid()) {
-    spvContextDestroy(context);
-    return "";
-  }
-
-  // Generate friendly names for Ids if requested.
-  std::unique_ptr<spvtools::FriendlyNameMapper> friendly_mapper;
-  spvtools::NameMapper name_mapper = spvtools::GetTrivialNameMapper();
-  if (options & SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_FRIENDLY_NAMES) {
-    friendly_mapper = spvtools::MakeUnique<spvtools::FriendlyNameMapper>(
-        context, code, wordCount);
-    name_mapper = friendly_mapper->GetNameMapper();
-  }
-
-  // Now disassemble!
-  Disassembler disassembler(grammar, options, name_mapper);
-  WrappedDisassembler wrapped(&disassembler, instCode, instWordCount);
-  spvBinaryParse(context, &wrapped, code, wordCount, DisassembleTargetHeader,
-                 DisassembleTargetInstruction, nullptr);
-
-  spv_text text = nullptr;
-  std::string output;
-  if (disassembler.SaveTextResult(&text) == SPV_SUCCESS) {
-    output.assign(text->str, text->str + text->length);
-    // Drop trailing newline characters.
-    while (!output.empty() && output.back() == '\n') output.pop_back();
-  }
-  spvTextDestroy(text);
-  spvContextDestroy(context);
-
-  return output;
-}
diff --git a/source/disassemble.h b/source/disassemble.h
index ac35742..8eacb10 100644
--- a/source/disassemble.h
+++ b/source/disassemble.h
@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@
 #ifndef SOURCE_DISASSEMBLE_H_
 #define SOURCE_DISASSEMBLE_H_
 
+#include <iosfwd>
 #include <string>
 
+#include "source/name_mapper.h"
 #include "spirv-tools/libspirv.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
@@ -33,6 +35,63 @@
                                        const size_t word_count,
                                        const uint32_t options);
 
+class AssemblyGrammar;
+namespace disassemble {
+
+// Shared code with other tools (than the disassembler) that might need to
+// output disassembly. An InstructionDisassembler instance converts SPIR-V
+// binary for an instruction to its assembly representation.
+class InstructionDisassembler {
+ public:
+  InstructionDisassembler(const AssemblyGrammar& grammar, std::ostream& stream,
+                          uint32_t options, NameMapper name_mapper);
+
+  // Emits the assembly header for the module.
+  void EmitHeaderSpirv();
+  void EmitHeaderVersion(uint32_t version);
+  void EmitHeaderGenerator(uint32_t generator);
+  void EmitHeaderIdBound(uint32_t id_bound);
+  void EmitHeaderSchema(uint32_t schema);
+
+  // Emits the assembly text for the given instruction.
+  void EmitInstruction(const spv_parsed_instruction_t& inst,
+                       size_t inst_byte_offset);
+
+  // Emits a comment between different sections of the module.
+  void EmitSectionComment(const spv_parsed_instruction_t& inst,
+                          bool& inserted_decoration_space,
+                          bool& inserted_debug_space,
+                          bool& inserted_type_space);
+
+  // Resets the output color, if color is turned on.
+  void ResetColor();
+  // Set the output color, if color is turned on.
+  void SetGrey();
+  void SetBlue();
+  void SetYellow();
+  void SetRed();
+  void SetGreen();
+
+ private:
+  // Emits an operand for the given instruction, where the instruction
+  // is at offset words from the start of the binary.
+  void EmitOperand(const spv_parsed_instruction_t& inst,
+                   const uint16_t operand_index);
+
+  // Emits a mask expression for the given mask word of the specified type.
+  void EmitMaskOperand(const spv_operand_type_t type, const uint32_t word);
+
+  const spvtools::AssemblyGrammar& grammar_;
+  std::ostream& stream_;
+  const bool print_;   // Should we also print to the standard output stream?
+  const bool color_;   // Should we print in colour?
+  const int indent_;   // How much to indent. 0 means don't indent
+  const int comment_;  // Should we comment the source
+  const bool show_byte_offset_;  // Should we print byte offset, in hex?
+  spvtools::NameMapper name_mapper_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace disassemble
 }  // namespace spvtools
 
 #endif  // SOURCE_DISASSEMBLE_H_
diff --git a/source/ext_inst.cpp b/source/ext_inst.cpp
index 812053e..4e27954 100644
--- a/source/ext_inst.cpp
+++ b/source/ext_inst.cpp
@@ -96,6 +96,8 @@
     case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4:
     case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5:
     case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2:
+    case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6:
+    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3:
       *pExtInstTable = &kTable_1_0;
       return SPV_SUCCESS;
     default:
diff --git a/source/ext_inst.h b/source/ext_inst.h
index aff6e30..4027f4c 100644
--- a/source/ext_inst.h
+++ b/source/ext_inst.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 // Returns true if the extended instruction set is debug info
 bool spvExtInstIsDebugInfo(const spv_ext_inst_type_t type);
 
-// Finds the named extented instruction of the given type in the given extended
+// Finds the named extended instruction of the given type in the given extended
 // instruction table. On success, returns SPV_SUCCESS and writes a handle of
 // the instruction entry into *entry.
 spv_result_t spvExtInstTableNameLookup(const spv_ext_inst_table table,
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
                                        const char* name,
                                        spv_ext_inst_desc* entry);
 
-// Finds the extented instruction of the given type in the given extended
+// Finds the extended instruction of the given type in the given extended
 // instruction table by value. On success, returns SPV_SUCCESS and writes a
 // handle of the instruction entry into *entry.
 spv_result_t spvExtInstTableValueLookup(const spv_ext_inst_table table,
diff --git a/source/extensions.cpp b/source/extensions.cpp
index a94db27..049a3ad 100644
--- a/source/extensions.cpp
+++ b/source/extensions.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 
+#include "source/binary.h"
 #include "source/enum_string_mapping.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
@@ -30,8 +31,9 @@
   const auto& operand = inst->operands[0];
   assert(operand.type == SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_STRING);
   assert(inst->num_words > operand.offset);
+  (void)operand; /* No unused variables in release builds. */
 
-  return reinterpret_cast<const char*>(inst->words + operand.offset);
+  return spvDecodeLiteralStringOperand(*inst, 0);
 }
 
 std::string ExtensionSetToString(const ExtensionSet& extensions) {
diff --git a/source/fuzz/fact_manager/fact_manager.h b/source/fuzz/fact_manager/fact_manager.h
index 5cf5b18..ce28ae4 100644
--- a/source/fuzz/fact_manager/fact_manager.h
+++ b/source/fuzz/fact_manager/fact_manager.h
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
   std::vector<const protobufs::DataDescriptor*> GetSynonymsForDataDescriptor(
       const protobufs::DataDescriptor& data_descriptor) const;
 
-  // Returns true if and ony if |data_descriptor1| and |data_descriptor2| are
+  // Returns true if and only if |data_descriptor1| and |data_descriptor2| are
   // known to be synonymous.
   bool IsSynonymous(const protobufs::DataDescriptor& data_descriptor1,
                     const protobufs::DataDescriptor& data_descriptor2) const;
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
   //==============================
   // Querying facts about dead blocks
 
-  // Returns true if and ony if |block_id| is the id of a block known to be
+  // Returns true if and only if |block_id| is the id of a block known to be
   // dynamically unreachable.
   bool BlockIsDead(uint32_t block_id) const;
 
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
   //==============================
   // Querying facts about livesafe function
 
-  // Returns true if and ony if |function_id| is the id of a function known
+  // Returns true if and only if |function_id| is the id of a function known
   // to be livesafe.
   bool FunctionIsLivesafe(uint32_t function_id) const;
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
   //==============================
   // Querying facts about irrelevant values
 
-  // Returns true if and ony if the value of the pointee associated with
+  // Returns true if and only if the value of the pointee associated with
   // |pointer_id| is irrelevant.
   bool PointeeValueIsIrrelevant(uint32_t pointer_id) const;
 
diff --git a/source/fuzz/fuzzer_context.cpp b/source/fuzz/fuzzer_context.cpp
index c217542..7e34cc3 100644
--- a/source/fuzz/fuzzer_context.cpp
+++ b/source/fuzz/fuzzer_context.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-// An offset between the the module's id bound and the minimum fresh id.
+// An offset between the module's id bound and the minimum fresh id.
 //
 // TODO(https://github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Tools/issues/2541): consider
 //  the case where the maximum id bound is reached.
diff --git a/source/fuzz/fuzzer_pass.cpp b/source/fuzz/fuzzer_pass.cpp
index d91482c..6a87985 100644
--- a/source/fuzz/fuzzer_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/fuzz/fuzzer_pass.cpp
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@
 
 uint32_t FuzzerPass::FindOrCreateFunctionType(
     uint32_t return_type_id, const std::vector<uint32_t>& argument_id) {
-  // FindFunctionType has a sigle argument for OpTypeFunction operands
+  // FindFunctionType has a single argument for OpTypeFunction operands
   // so we will have to copy them all in this vector
   std::vector<uint32_t> type_ids(argument_id.size() + 1);
   type_ids[0] = return_type_id;
diff --git a/source/fuzz/fuzzer_pass_donate_modules.cpp b/source/fuzz/fuzzer_pass_donate_modules.cpp
index 5bdf697..29ede58 100644
--- a/source/fuzz/fuzzer_pass_donate_modules.cpp
+++ b/source/fuzz/fuzzer_pass_donate_modules.cpp
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
              "should have been donated.");
 
       // It is OK to have duplicate constant composite definitions, so add
-      // this to the module using remapped versions of all consituent ids and
+      // this to the module using remapped versions of all constituent ids and
       // the result type.
       new_result_id = GetFuzzerContext()->GetFreshId();
       std::vector<uint32_t> constituent_ids;
diff --git a/source/fuzz/protobufs/spvtoolsfuzz.proto b/source/fuzz/protobufs/spvtoolsfuzz.proto
index cba9397..e71b6a3 100644
--- a/source/fuzz/protobufs/spvtoolsfuzz.proto
+++ b/source/fuzz/protobufs/spvtoolsfuzz.proto
@@ -1961,10 +1961,10 @@
   // A descriptor for the boolean constant id we would like to replace
   IdUseDescriptor id_use_descriptor = 1;
 
-  // Id for the constant to be used on the LHS of the comparision
+  // Id for the constant to be used on the LHS of the comparison
   uint32 lhs_id = 2;
 
-  // Id for the constant to be used on the RHS of the comparision
+  // Id for the constant to be used on the RHS of the comparison
   uint32 rhs_id = 3;
 
   // Opcode for binary operator
@@ -2403,7 +2403,7 @@
   // va = vector(..., a, ...)
   // vb = vector(..., b, ...)
   //
-  // where a and b are in the same position i in each of their correponding vector
+  // where a and b are in the same position i in each of their corresponding vector
   // and a is synonymous with va[i] and b is synonymous with vb[i].
   //
   // The transformation then add an instruction vc = va op vb where c is synonymous
diff --git a/source/fuzz/transformation_add_constant_composite.cpp b/source/fuzz/transformation_add_constant_composite.cpp
index e6cd5a9..89007ab 100644
--- a/source/fuzz/transformation_add_constant_composite.cpp
+++ b/source/fuzz/transformation_add_constant_composite.cpp
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
       // We do not create constants of structs decorated with Block nor
       // BufferBlock.  The SPIR-V spec does not explicitly disallow this, but it
       // seems like a strange thing to do, so we disallow it to avoid triggering
-      // low priorty edge case issues related to it.
+      // low priority edge case issues related to it.
       if (fuzzerutil::HasBlockOrBufferBlockDecoration(
               ir_context, composite_type_instruction->result_id())) {
         return false;
diff --git a/source/fuzz/transformation_duplicate_region_with_selection.cpp b/source/fuzz/transformation_duplicate_region_with_selection.cpp
index a80becd..db88610 100644
--- a/source/fuzz/transformation_duplicate_region_with_selection.cpp
+++ b/source/fuzz/transformation_duplicate_region_with_selection.cpp
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@
   std::map<uint32_t, uint32_t> original_id_to_phi_id =
       fuzzerutil::RepeatedUInt32PairToMap(message_.original_id_to_phi_id());
 
-  // Use oveflow ids to fill in any required ids that are missing from these
+  // Use overflow ids to fill in any required ids that are missing from these
   // maps.
   for (auto block : region_blocks) {
     if (original_label_to_duplicate_label.count(block->id()) == 0) {
diff --git a/source/fuzz/transformation_replace_id_with_synonym.h b/source/fuzz/transformation_replace_id_with_synonym.h
index 4570fce..66f8e43 100644
--- a/source/fuzz/transformation_replace_id_with_synonym.h
+++ b/source/fuzz/transformation_replace_id_with_synonym.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
       protobufs::IdUseDescriptor id_use_descriptor, uint32_t synonymous_id);
 
   // - The fact manager must know that the id identified by
-  //   |message_.id_use_descriptor| is synonomous with |message_.synonymous_id|.
+  //   |message_.id_use_descriptor| is synonymous with |message_.synonymous_id|.
   // - Replacing the id in |message_.id_use_descriptor| by
   //   |message_.synonymous_id| must respect SPIR-V's rules about uses being
   //   dominated by their definitions.
diff --git a/source/link/CMakeLists.txt b/source/link/CMakeLists.txt
index c8dd2f7..a452a10 100644
--- a/source/link/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/link/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 	$<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>
   PRIVATE ${spirv-tools_BINARY_DIR}
 )
-# We need the IR functionnalities from the optimizer
+# We need the IR functionalities from the optimizer
 target_link_libraries(SPIRV-Tools-link
   PUBLIC SPIRV-Tools-opt)
 
diff --git a/source/link/linker.cpp b/source/link/linker.cpp
index c5ca562..76ce775 100644
--- a/source/link/linker.cpp
+++ b/source/link/linker.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <memory>
+#include <numeric>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <unordered_set>
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@
 #include "source/spirv_constant.h"
 #include "source/spirv_target_env.h"
 #include "source/util/make_unique.h"
+#include "source/util/string_utils.h"
 #include "spirv-tools/libspirv.hpp"
 
 namespace spvtools {
@@ -86,10 +88,6 @@
 //
 // |header| should not be null, |modules| should not be empty and pointers
 // should be non-null. |max_id_bound| should be strictly greater than 0.
-//
-// TODO(pierremoreau): What to do when binaries use different versions of
-//                     SPIR-V? For now, use the max of all versions found in
-//                     the input modules.
 spv_result_t GenerateHeader(const MessageConsumer& consumer,
                             const std::vector<opt::Module*>& modules,
                             uint32_t max_id_bound, opt::ModuleHeader* header);
@@ -130,7 +128,7 @@
 
 // Remove linkage specific instructions, such as prototypes of imported
 // functions, declarations of imported variables, import (and export if
-// necessary) linkage attribtes.
+// necessary) linkage attributes.
 //
 // |linked_context| and |decoration_manager| should not be null, and the
 // 'RemoveDuplicatePass' should be run first.
@@ -148,6 +146,15 @@
 spv_result_t VerifyIds(const MessageConsumer& consumer,
                        opt::IRContext* linked_context);
 
+// Verify that the universal limits are not crossed, and warn the user
+// otherwise.
+//
+// TODO(pierremoreau):
+// - Verify against the limits of the environment (e.g. Vulkan limits if
+//   consuming vulkan1.x)
+spv_result_t VerifyLimits(const MessageConsumer& consumer,
+                          const opt::IRContext& linked_context);
+
 spv_result_t ShiftIdsInModules(const MessageConsumer& consumer,
                                std::vector<opt::Module*>* modules,
                                uint32_t* max_id_bound) {
@@ -163,29 +170,31 @@
     return DiagnosticStream(position, consumer, "", SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA)
            << "|max_id_bound| of ShiftIdsInModules should not be null.";
 
-  uint32_t id_bound = modules->front()->IdBound() - 1u;
+  const size_t id_bound =
+      std::accumulate(modules->begin(), modules->end(), static_cast<size_t>(1),
+                      [](const size_t& accumulation, opt::Module* module) {
+                        return accumulation + module->IdBound() - 1u;
+                      });
+  if (id_bound > std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
+    return DiagnosticStream(position, consumer, "", SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA)
+           << "Too many IDs (" << id_bound
+           << "): combining all modules would overflow the 32-bit word of the "
+              "SPIR-V header.";
+
+  *max_id_bound = static_cast<uint32_t>(id_bound);
+
+  uint32_t id_offset = modules->front()->IdBound() - 1u;
   for (auto module_iter = modules->begin() + 1; module_iter != modules->end();
        ++module_iter) {
     Module* module = *module_iter;
-    module->ForEachInst([&id_bound](Instruction* insn) {
-      insn->ForEachId([&id_bound](uint32_t* id) { *id += id_bound; });
+    module->ForEachInst([&id_offset](Instruction* insn) {
+      insn->ForEachId([&id_offset](uint32_t* id) { *id += id_offset; });
     });
-    id_bound += module->IdBound() - 1u;
-    if (id_bound > 0x3FFFFF)
-      return DiagnosticStream(position, consumer, "", SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID)
-             << "The limit of IDs, 4194303, was exceeded:"
-             << " " << id_bound << " is the current ID bound.";
+    id_offset += module->IdBound() - 1u;
 
     // Invalidate the DefUseManager
     module->context()->InvalidateAnalyses(opt::IRContext::kAnalysisDefUse);
   }
-  ++id_bound;
-  if (id_bound > 0x3FFFFF)
-    return DiagnosticStream(position, consumer, "", SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID)
-           << "The limit of IDs, 4194303, was exceeded:"
-           << " " << id_bound << " is the current ID bound.";
-
-  *max_id_bound = id_bound;
 
   return SPV_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -202,15 +211,25 @@
     return DiagnosticStream(position, consumer, "", SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA)
            << "|max_id_bound| of GenerateHeader should not be null.";
 
-  uint32_t version = 0u;
-  for (const auto& module : modules)
-    version = std::max(version, module->version());
+  const uint32_t linked_version = modules.front()->version();
+  for (std::size_t i = 1; i < modules.size(); ++i) {
+    const uint32_t module_version = modules[i]->version();
+    if (module_version != linked_version)
+      return DiagnosticStream({0, 0, 1}, consumer, "", SPV_ERROR_INTERNAL)
+             << "Conflicting SPIR-V versions: "
+             << SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_MAJOR_PART(linked_version) << "."
+             << SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_MINOR_PART(linked_version)
+             << " (input modules 1 through " << i << ") vs "
+             << SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_MAJOR_PART(module_version) << "."
+             << SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_MINOR_PART(module_version)
+             << " (input module " << (i + 1) << ").";
+  }
 
   header->magic_number = SpvMagicNumber;
-  header->version = version;
+  header->version = linked_version;
   header->generator = SPV_GENERATOR_WORD(SPV_GENERATOR_KHRONOS_LINKER, 0);
   header->bound = max_id_bound;
-  header->reserved = 0u;
+  header->schema = 0u;
 
   return SPV_SUCCESS;
 }
@@ -243,55 +262,65 @@
       linked_module->AddExtInstImport(
           std::unique_ptr<Instruction>(inst.Clone(linked_context)));
 
-  do {
-    const Instruction* memory_model_inst = input_modules[0]->GetMemoryModel();
-    if (memory_model_inst == nullptr) break;
+  const Instruction* linked_memory_model_inst =
+      input_modules.front()->GetMemoryModel();
+  if (linked_memory_model_inst == nullptr) {
+    return DiagnosticStream(position, consumer, "", SPV_ERROR_INVALID_BINARY)
+           << "Input module 1 is lacking an OpMemoryModel instruction.";
+  }
+  const uint32_t linked_addressing_model =
+      linked_memory_model_inst->GetSingleWordOperand(0u);
+  const uint32_t linked_memory_model =
+      linked_memory_model_inst->GetSingleWordOperand(1u);
 
-    uint32_t addressing_model = memory_model_inst->GetSingleWordOperand(0u);
-    uint32_t memory_model = memory_model_inst->GetSingleWordOperand(1u);
-    for (const auto& module : input_modules) {
-      memory_model_inst = module->GetMemoryModel();
-      if (memory_model_inst == nullptr) continue;
+  for (std::size_t i = 1; i < input_modules.size(); ++i) {
+    const Module* module = input_modules[i];
+    const Instruction* memory_model_inst = module->GetMemoryModel();
+    if (memory_model_inst == nullptr)
+      return DiagnosticStream(position, consumer, "", SPV_ERROR_INVALID_BINARY)
+             << "Input module " << (i + 1)
+             << " is lacking an OpMemoryModel instruction.";
 
-      if (addressing_model != memory_model_inst->GetSingleWordOperand(0u)) {
-        spv_operand_desc initial_desc = nullptr, current_desc = nullptr;
-        grammar.lookupOperand(SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ADDRESSING_MODEL,
-                              addressing_model, &initial_desc);
-        grammar.lookupOperand(SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ADDRESSING_MODEL,
-                              memory_model_inst->GetSingleWordOperand(0u),
-                              &current_desc);
-        return DiagnosticStream(position, consumer, "", SPV_ERROR_INTERNAL)
-               << "Conflicting addressing models: " << initial_desc->name
-               << " vs " << current_desc->name << ".";
-      }
-      if (memory_model != memory_model_inst->GetSingleWordOperand(1u)) {
-        spv_operand_desc initial_desc = nullptr, current_desc = nullptr;
-        grammar.lookupOperand(SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY_MODEL, memory_model,
-                              &initial_desc);
-        grammar.lookupOperand(SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY_MODEL,
-                              memory_model_inst->GetSingleWordOperand(1u),
-                              &current_desc);
-        return DiagnosticStream(position, consumer, "", SPV_ERROR_INTERNAL)
-               << "Conflicting memory models: " << initial_desc->name << " vs "
-               << current_desc->name << ".";
-      }
+    const uint32_t module_addressing_model =
+        memory_model_inst->GetSingleWordOperand(0u);
+    if (module_addressing_model != linked_addressing_model) {
+      spv_operand_desc linked_desc = nullptr, module_desc = nullptr;
+      grammar.lookupOperand(SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ADDRESSING_MODEL,
+                            linked_addressing_model, &linked_desc);
+      grammar.lookupOperand(SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ADDRESSING_MODEL,
+                            module_addressing_model, &module_desc);
+      return DiagnosticStream(position, consumer, "", SPV_ERROR_INTERNAL)
+             << "Conflicting addressing models: " << linked_desc->name
+             << " (input modules 1 through " << i << ") vs "
+             << module_desc->name << " (input module " << (i + 1) << ").";
     }
 
-    if (memory_model_inst != nullptr)
-      linked_module->SetMemoryModel(std::unique_ptr<Instruction>(
-          memory_model_inst->Clone(linked_context)));
-  } while (false);
+    const uint32_t module_memory_model =
+        memory_model_inst->GetSingleWordOperand(1u);
+    if (module_memory_model != linked_memory_model) {
+      spv_operand_desc linked_desc = nullptr, module_desc = nullptr;
+      grammar.lookupOperand(SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY_MODEL, linked_memory_model,
+                            &linked_desc);
+      grammar.lookupOperand(SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY_MODEL, module_memory_model,
+                            &module_desc);
+      return DiagnosticStream(position, consumer, "", SPV_ERROR_INTERNAL)
+             << "Conflicting memory models: " << linked_desc->name
+             << " (input modules 1 through " << i << ") vs "
+             << module_desc->name << " (input module " << (i + 1) << ").";
+    }
+  }
+  linked_module->SetMemoryModel(std::unique_ptr<Instruction>(
+      linked_memory_model_inst->Clone(linked_context)));
 
-  std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, const char*>> entry_points;
+  std::vector<std::pair<uint32_t, std::string>> entry_points;
   for (const auto& module : input_modules)
     for (const auto& inst : module->entry_points()) {
       const uint32_t model = inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(0);
-      const char* const name =
-          reinterpret_cast<const char*>(inst.GetInOperand(2).words.data());
+      const std::string name = inst.GetInOperand(2).AsString();
       const auto i = std::find_if(
           entry_points.begin(), entry_points.end(),
-          [model, name](const std::pair<uint32_t, const char*>& v) {
-            return v.first == model && strcmp(name, v.second) == 0;
+          [model, name](const std::pair<uint32_t, std::string>& v) {
+            return v.first == model && v.second == name;
           });
       if (i != entry_points.end()) {
         spv_operand_desc desc = nullptr;
@@ -332,13 +361,10 @@
 
   // If the generated module uses SPIR-V 1.1 or higher, add an
   // OpModuleProcessed instruction about the linking step.
-  if (linked_module->version() >= 0x10100) {
+  if (linked_module->version() >= SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_WORD(1, 1)) {
     const std::string processed_string("Linked by SPIR-V Tools Linker");
-    const auto num_chars = processed_string.size();
-    // Compute num words, accommodate the terminating null character.
-    const auto num_words = (num_chars + 1 + 3) / 4;
-    std::vector<uint32_t> processed_words(num_words, 0u);
-    std::memcpy(processed_words.data(), processed_string.data(), num_chars);
+    std::vector<uint32_t> processed_words =
+        spvtools::utils::MakeVector(processed_string);
     linked_module->AddDebug3Inst(std::unique_ptr<Instruction>(
         new Instruction(linked_context, SpvOpModuleProcessed, 0u, 0u,
                         {{SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_STRING, processed_words}})));
@@ -352,18 +378,12 @@
   // TODO(pierremoreau): Since the modules have not been validate, should we
   //                     expect SpvStorageClassFunction variables outside
   //                     functions?
-  uint32_t num_global_values = 0u;
   for (const auto& module : input_modules) {
     for (const auto& inst : module->types_values()) {
       linked_module->AddType(
           std::unique_ptr<Instruction>(inst.Clone(linked_context)));
-      num_global_values += inst.opcode() == SpvOpVariable;
     }
   }
-  if (num_global_values > 0xFFFF)
-    return DiagnosticStream(position, consumer, "", SPV_ERROR_INTERNAL)
-           << "The limit of global values, 65535, was exceeded;"
-           << " " << num_global_values << " global values were found.";
 
   // Process functions and their basic blocks
   for (const auto& module : input_modules) {
@@ -414,8 +434,7 @@
     const uint32_t type = decoration.GetSingleWordInOperand(3u);
 
     LinkageSymbolInfo symbol_info;
-    symbol_info.name =
-        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(decoration.GetInOperand(2u).words.data());
+    symbol_info.name = decoration.GetInOperand(2u).AsString();
     symbol_info.id = id;
     symbol_info.type_id = 0u;
 
@@ -636,6 +655,34 @@
   return SPV_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+spv_result_t VerifyLimits(const MessageConsumer& consumer,
+                          const opt::IRContext& linked_context) {
+  spv_position_t position = {};
+
+  const uint32_t max_id_bound = linked_context.module()->id_bound();
+  if (max_id_bound >= SPV_LIMIT_RESULT_ID_BOUND)
+    DiagnosticStream({0u, 0u, 4u}, consumer, "", SPV_WARNING)
+        << "The minimum limit of IDs, " << (SPV_LIMIT_RESULT_ID_BOUND - 1)
+        << ", was exceeded:"
+        << " " << max_id_bound << " is the current ID bound.\n"
+        << "The resulting module might not be supported by all "
+           "implementations.";
+
+  size_t num_global_values = 0u;
+  for (const auto& inst : linked_context.module()->types_values()) {
+    num_global_values += inst.opcode() == SpvOpVariable;
+  }
+  if (num_global_values >= SPV_LIMIT_GLOBAL_VARIABLES_MAX)
+    DiagnosticStream(position, consumer, "", SPV_WARNING)
+        << "The minimum limit of global values, "
+        << (SPV_LIMIT_GLOBAL_VARIABLES_MAX - 1) << ", was exceeded;"
+        << " " << num_global_values << " global values were found.\n"
+        << "The resulting module might not be supported by all "
+           "implementations.";
+
+  return SPV_SUCCESS;
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 
 spv_result_t Link(const Context& context,
@@ -760,7 +807,11 @@
   pass_res = manager.Run(&linked_context);
   if (pass_res == opt::Pass::Status::Failure) return SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA;
 
-  // Phase 11: Output the module
+  // Phase 11: Warn if SPIR-V limits were exceeded
+  res = VerifyLimits(consumer, linked_context);
+  if (res != SPV_SUCCESS) return res;
+
+  // Phase 12: Output the module
   linked_context.module()->ToBinary(linked_binary, true);
 
   return SPV_SUCCESS;
diff --git a/source/name_mapper.cpp b/source/name_mapper.cpp
index eb08f8f..3b31d33 100644
--- a/source/name_mapper.cpp
+++ b/source/name_mapper.cpp
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <unordered_set>
 
-#include "spirv-tools/libspirv.h"
-
+#include "source/binary.h"
 #include "source/latest_version_spirv_header.h"
 #include "source/parsed_operand.h"
+#include "spirv-tools/libspirv.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace {
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
   const auto result_id = inst.result_id;
   switch (inst.opcode) {
     case SpvOpName:
-      SaveName(inst.words[1], reinterpret_cast<const char*>(inst.words + 2));
+      SaveName(inst.words[1], spvDecodeLiteralStringOperand(inst, 1));
       break;
     case SpvOpDecorate:
       // Decorations come after OpName.  So OpName will take precedence over
@@ -274,9 +274,8 @@
       SaveName(result_id, "Queue");
       break;
     case SpvOpTypeOpaque:
-      SaveName(result_id,
-               std::string("Opaque_") +
-                   Sanitize(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(inst.words + 2)));
+      SaveName(result_id, std::string("Opaque_") +
+                              Sanitize(spvDecodeLiteralStringOperand(inst, 1)));
       break;
     case SpvOpTypePipeStorage:
       SaveName(result_id, "PipeStorage");
diff --git a/source/opcode.cpp b/source/opcode.cpp
index c96cde8..c9c425d 100644
--- a/source/opcode.cpp
+++ b/source/opcode.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2015-2020 The Khronos Group Inc.
+// Copyright (c) 2015-2022 The Khronos Group Inc.
 // Modifications Copyright (C) 2020 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights
 // reserved.
 //
@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@
 static const spv_opcode_table_t kOpcodeTable = {ARRAY_SIZE(kOpcodeTableEntries),
                                                 kOpcodeTableEntries};
 
-// Represents a vendor tool entry in the SPIR-V XML Regsitry.
+// Represents a vendor tool entry in the SPIR-V XML Registry.
 struct VendorTool {
   uint32_t value;
   const char* vendor;
   const char* tool;         // Might be empty string.
-  const char* vendor_tool;  // Combiantion of vendor and tool.
+  const char* vendor_tool;  // Combination of vendor and tool.
 };
 
 const VendorTool vendor_tools[] = {
@@ -631,6 +631,7 @@
     case SpvOpString:
     case SpvOpLine:
     case SpvOpNoLine:
+    case SpvOpModuleProcessed:
       return true;
     default:
       return false;
diff --git a/source/operand.cpp b/source/operand.cpp
index 6d83e81..0c255a3 100644
--- a/source/operand.cpp
+++ b/source/operand.cpp
@@ -72,12 +72,16 @@
       // Note that the second rule assumes the extension enabling this operand
       // is indeed requested in the SPIR-V code; checking that should be
       // validator's work.
-      if (((version >= entry.minVersion && version <= entry.lastVersion) ||
-           entry.numExtensions > 0u || entry.numCapabilities > 0u) &&
-          nameLength == strlen(entry.name) &&
+      if (nameLength == strlen(entry.name) &&
           !strncmp(entry.name, name, nameLength)) {
-        *pEntry = &entry;
-        return SPV_SUCCESS;
+        if ((version >= entry.minVersion && version <= entry.lastVersion) ||
+            entry.numExtensions > 0u || entry.numCapabilities > 0u) {
+          *pEntry = &entry;
+          return SPV_SUCCESS;
+        } else {
+          // if there is no extension/capability then the version is wrong
+          return SPV_ERROR_WRONG_VERSION;
+        }
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/source/opt/CMakeLists.txt b/source/opt/CMakeLists.txt
index 7d522fb..61e7a98 100644
--- a/source/opt/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/source/opt/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
   eliminate_dead_constant_pass.h
   eliminate_dead_functions_pass.h
   eliminate_dead_functions_util.h
+  eliminate_dead_input_components_pass.h
   eliminate_dead_members_pass.h
   empty_pass.h
   feature_manager.h
@@ -99,6 +100,7 @@
   reflect.h
   register_pressure.h
   relax_float_ops_pass.h
+  remove_dontinline_pass.h
   remove_duplicates_pass.h
   remove_unused_interface_variables_pass.h
   replace_desc_array_access_using_var_index.h
@@ -108,10 +110,11 @@
   scalar_replacement_pass.h
   set_spec_constant_default_value_pass.h
   simplification_pass.h
+  spread_volatile_semantics.h
   ssa_rewrite_pass.h
   strength_reduction_pass.h
   strip_debug_info_pass.h
-  strip_reflect_info_pass.h
+  strip_nonsemantic_info_pass.h
   struct_cfg_analysis.h
   tree_iterator.h
   type_manager.h
@@ -156,6 +159,7 @@
   eliminate_dead_constant_pass.cpp
   eliminate_dead_functions_pass.cpp
   eliminate_dead_functions_util.cpp
+  eliminate_dead_input_components_pass.cpp
   eliminate_dead_members_pass.cpp
   feature_manager.cpp
   fix_storage_class.cpp
@@ -206,6 +210,7 @@
   redundancy_elimination.cpp
   register_pressure.cpp
   relax_float_ops_pass.cpp
+  remove_dontinline_pass.cpp
   remove_duplicates_pass.cpp
   remove_unused_interface_variables_pass.cpp
   replace_desc_array_access_using_var_index.cpp
@@ -215,10 +220,11 @@
   scalar_replacement_pass.cpp
   set_spec_constant_default_value_pass.cpp
   simplification_pass.cpp
+  spread_volatile_semantics.cpp
   ssa_rewrite_pass.cpp
   strength_reduction_pass.cpp
   strip_debug_info_pass.cpp
-  strip_reflect_info_pass.cpp
+  strip_nonsemantic_info_pass.cpp
   struct_cfg_analysis.cpp
   type_manager.cpp
   types.cpp
diff --git a/source/opt/aggressive_dead_code_elim_pass.cpp b/source/opt/aggressive_dead_code_elim_pass.cpp
index 0b54d5e..0473752 100644
--- a/source/opt/aggressive_dead_code_elim_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/aggressive_dead_code_elim_pass.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "source/opt/iterator.h"
 #include "source/opt/reflect.h"
 #include "source/spirv_constant.h"
+#include "source/util/string_utils.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace opt {
@@ -146,8 +147,7 @@
 bool AggressiveDCEPass::AllExtensionsSupported() const {
   // If any extension not in allowlist, return false
   for (auto& ei : get_module()->extensions()) {
-    const char* extName =
-        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&ei.GetInOperand(0).words[0]);
+    const std::string extName = ei.GetInOperand(0).AsString();
     if (extensions_allowlist_.find(extName) == extensions_allowlist_.end())
       return false;
   }
@@ -156,11 +156,9 @@
   for (auto& inst : context()->module()->ext_inst_imports()) {
     assert(inst.opcode() == SpvOpExtInstImport &&
            "Expecting an import of an extension's instruction set.");
-    const char* extension_name =
-        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&inst.GetInOperand(0).words[0]);
-    if (0 == std::strncmp(extension_name, "NonSemantic.", 12) &&
-        0 != std::strncmp(extension_name, "NonSemantic.Shader.DebugInfo.100",
-                          32)) {
+    const std::string extension_name = inst.GetInOperand(0).AsString();
+    if (spvtools::utils::starts_with(extension_name, "NonSemantic.") &&
+        extension_name != "NonSemantic.Shader.DebugInfo.100") {
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -569,12 +567,7 @@
   }
   // Keep all entry points.
   for (auto& entry : get_module()->entry_points()) {
-    if (get_module()->version() >= SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_WORD(1, 4) &&
-        !preserve_interface_) {
-      // In SPIR-V 1.4 and later, entry points must list all global variables
-      // used. DCE can still remove non-input/output variables and update the
-      // interface list. Mark the entry point as live and inputs and outputs as
-      // live, but defer decisions all other interfaces.
+    if (!preserve_interface_) {
       live_insts_.Set(entry.unique_id());
       // The actual function is live always.
       AddToWorklist(
@@ -582,8 +575,9 @@
       for (uint32_t i = 3; i < entry.NumInOperands(); ++i) {
         auto* var = get_def_use_mgr()->GetDef(entry.GetSingleWordInOperand(i));
         auto storage_class = var->GetSingleWordInOperand(0u);
-        if (storage_class == SpvStorageClassInput ||
-            storage_class == SpvStorageClassOutput) {
+        // Vulkan support outputs without an associated input, but not inputs
+        // without an associated output.
+        if (storage_class == SpvStorageClassOutput) {
           AddToWorklist(var);
         }
       }
@@ -885,8 +879,7 @@
     }
   }
 
-  if (get_module()->version() >= SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_WORD(1, 4) &&
-      !preserve_interface_) {
+  if (!preserve_interface_) {
     // Remove the dead interface variables from the entry point interface list.
     for (auto& entry : get_module()->entry_points()) {
       std::vector<Operand> new_operands;
@@ -974,6 +967,7 @@
       "SPV_KHR_integer_dot_product",
       "SPV_EXT_shader_image_int64",
       "SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info",
+      "SPV_KHR_uniform_group_instructions",
   });
 }
 
diff --git a/source/opt/amd_ext_to_khr.cpp b/source/opt/amd_ext_to_khr.cpp
index ccedc0b..dd9bafd 100644
--- a/source/opt/amd_ext_to_khr.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/amd_ext_to_khr.cpp
@@ -584,9 +584,9 @@
   }
 
   // Get the constants that will be used.
-  uint32_t f0_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConst(0.0);
-  uint32_t f2_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConst(2.0);
-  uint32_t f0_5_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConst(0.5);
+  uint32_t f0_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConstId(0.0);
+  uint32_t f2_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConstId(2.0);
+  uint32_t f0_5_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConstId(0.5);
   const analysis::Constant* vec_const =
       const_mgr->GetConstant(v2_float_type, {f0_5_const_id, f0_5_const_id});
   uint32_t vec_const_id =
@@ -731,12 +731,12 @@
   }
 
   // Get the constants that will be used.
-  uint32_t f0_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConst(0.0);
-  uint32_t f1_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConst(1.0);
-  uint32_t f2_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConst(2.0);
-  uint32_t f3_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConst(3.0);
-  uint32_t f4_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConst(4.0);
-  uint32_t f5_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConst(5.0);
+  uint32_t f0_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConstId(0.0);
+  uint32_t f1_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConstId(1.0);
+  uint32_t f2_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConstId(2.0);
+  uint32_t f3_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConstId(3.0);
+  uint32_t f4_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConstId(4.0);
+  uint32_t f5_const_id = const_mgr->GetFloatConstId(5.0);
 
   // Extract the input values.
   Instruction* x = ir_builder.AddCompositeExtract(float_type_id, input_id, {0});
@@ -935,8 +935,7 @@
   std::vector<Instruction*> to_be_killed;
   for (Instruction& inst : context()->module()->extensions()) {
     if (inst.opcode() == SpvOpExtension) {
-      if (ext_to_remove.count(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(
-              &(inst.GetInOperand(0).words[0]))) != 0) {
+      if (ext_to_remove.count(inst.GetInOperand(0).AsString()) != 0) {
         to_be_killed.push_back(&inst);
       }
     }
@@ -944,8 +943,7 @@
 
   for (Instruction& inst : context()->ext_inst_imports()) {
     if (inst.opcode() == SpvOpExtInstImport) {
-      if (ext_to_remove.count(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(
-              &(inst.GetInOperand(0).words[0]))) != 0) {
+      if (ext_to_remove.count(inst.GetInOperand(0).AsString()) != 0) {
         to_be_killed.push_back(&inst);
       }
     }
diff --git a/source/opt/amd_ext_to_khr.h b/source/opt/amd_ext_to_khr.h
index fd3dab4..6a39d95 100644
--- a/source/opt/amd_ext_to_khr.h
+++ b/source/opt/amd_ext_to_khr.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 namespace opt {
 
 // Replaces the extensions VK_AMD_shader_ballot, VK_AMD_gcn_shader, and
-// VK_AMD_shader_trinary_minmax with equivalant code using core instructions and
+// VK_AMD_shader_trinary_minmax with equivalent code using core instructions and
 // capabilities.
 class AmdExtensionToKhrPass : public Pass {
  public:
diff --git a/source/opt/basic_block.h b/source/opt/basic_block.h
index 6741a50..dd3b2e2 100644
--- a/source/opt/basic_block.h
+++ b/source/opt/basic_block.h
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
   const Instruction* GetMergeInst() const;
   Instruction* GetMergeInst();
 
-  // Returns the OpLoopMerge instruciton in this basic block, if it exists.
+  // Returns the OpLoopMerge instruction in this basic block, if it exists.
   // Otherwise return null.  May be used whenever tail() can be used.
   const Instruction* GetLoopMergeInst() const;
   Instruction* GetLoopMergeInst();
diff --git a/source/opt/ccp_pass.cpp b/source/opt/ccp_pass.cpp
index 8b896d5..5f85502 100644
--- a/source/opt/ccp_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/ccp_pass.cpp
@@ -102,6 +102,34 @@
   return SSAPropagator::kInteresting;
 }
 
+uint32_t CCPPass::ComputeLatticeMeet(Instruction* instr, uint32_t val2) {
+  // Given two values val1 and val2, the meet operation in the constant
+  // lattice uses the following rules:
+  //
+  // meet(val1, UNDEFINED) = val1
+  // meet(val1, VARYING)   = VARYING
+  // meet(val1, val2)      = val1     if val1 == val2
+  // meet(val1, val2)      = VARYING  if val1 != val2
+  //
+  // When two different values meet, the result is always varying because CCP
+  // does not allow lateral transitions in the lattice.  This prevents
+  // infinite cycles during propagation.
+  auto val1_it = values_.find(instr->result_id());
+  if (val1_it == values_.end()) {
+    return val2;
+  }
+
+  uint32_t val1 = val1_it->second;
+  if (IsVaryingValue(val1)) {
+    return val1;
+  } else if (IsVaryingValue(val2)) {
+    return val2;
+  } else if (val1 != val2) {
+    return kVaryingSSAId;
+  }
+  return val2;
+}
+
 SSAPropagator::PropStatus CCPPass::VisitAssignment(Instruction* instr) {
   assert(instr->result_id() != 0 &&
          "Expecting an instruction that produces a result");
@@ -115,8 +143,10 @@
       if (IsVaryingValue(it->second)) {
         return MarkInstructionVarying(instr);
       } else {
-        values_[instr->result_id()] = it->second;
-        return SSAPropagator::kInteresting;
+        uint32_t new_val = ComputeLatticeMeet(instr, it->second);
+        values_[instr->result_id()] = new_val;
+        return IsVaryingValue(new_val) ? SSAPropagator::kVarying
+                                       : SSAPropagator::kInteresting;
       }
     }
     return SSAPropagator::kNotInteresting;
@@ -142,9 +172,13 @@
   if (folded_inst != nullptr) {
     // We do not want to change the body of the function by adding new
     // instructions.  When folding we can only generate new constants.
-    assert(folded_inst->IsConstant() && "CCP is only interested in constant.");
-    values_[instr->result_id()] = folded_inst->result_id();
-    return SSAPropagator::kInteresting;
+    assert((folded_inst->IsConstant() ||
+            IsSpecConstantInst(folded_inst->opcode())) &&
+           "CCP is only interested in constant values.");
+    uint32_t new_val = ComputeLatticeMeet(instr, folded_inst->result_id());
+    values_[instr->result_id()] = new_val;
+    return IsVaryingValue(new_val) ? SSAPropagator::kVarying
+                                   : SSAPropagator::kInteresting;
   }
 
   // Conservatively mark this instruction as varying if any input id is varying.
diff --git a/source/opt/ccp_pass.h b/source/opt/ccp_pass.h
index fb20c78..77ea9f8 100644
--- a/source/opt/ccp_pass.h
+++ b/source/opt/ccp_pass.h
@@ -92,6 +92,22 @@
   // generated during propagation.
   analysis::ConstantManager* const_mgr_;
 
+  // Returns a new value for |instr| by computing the meet operation between
+  // its existing value and |val2|.
+  //
+  // Given two values val1 and val2, the meet operation in the constant
+  // lattice uses the following rules:
+  //
+  // meet(val1, UNDEFINED) = val1
+  // meet(val1, VARYING)   = VARYING
+  // meet(val1, val2)      = val1     if val1 == val2
+  // meet(val1, val2)      = VARYING  if val1 != val2
+  //
+  // When two different values meet, the result is always varying because CCP
+  // does not allow lateral transitions in the lattice.  This prevents
+  // infinite cycles during propagation.
+  uint32_t ComputeLatticeMeet(Instruction* instr, uint32_t val2);
+
   // Constant value table.  Each entry <id, const_decl_id> in this map
   // represents the compile-time constant value for |id| as declared by
   // |const_decl_id|. Each |const_decl_id| in this table is an OpConstant
diff --git a/source/opt/cfg.h b/source/opt/cfg.h
index f280682..33412f1 100644
--- a/source/opt/cfg.h
+++ b/source/opt/cfg.h
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
  public:
   explicit CFG(Module* module);
 
-  // Return the list of predecesors for basic block with label |blkid|.
+  // Return the list of predecessors for basic block with label |blkid|.
   // TODO(dnovillo): Move this to BasicBlock.
   const std::vector<uint32_t>& preds(uint32_t blk_id) const {
     assert(label2preds_.count(blk_id));
diff --git a/source/opt/compact_ids_pass.cpp b/source/opt/compact_ids_pass.cpp
index 8815b8c..70848d7 100644
--- a/source/opt/compact_ids_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/compact_ids_pass.cpp
@@ -86,7 +86,8 @@
       },
       true);
 
-  if (modified) {
+  if (context()->module()->id_bound() != result_id_mapping.size() + 1) {
+    modified = true;
     context()->module()->SetIdBound(
         static_cast<uint32_t>(result_id_mapping.size() + 1));
     // There are ids in the feature manager that could now be invalid
diff --git a/source/opt/const_folding_rules.cpp b/source/opt/const_folding_rules.cpp
index 515a3ed..249e11e 100644
--- a/source/opt/const_folding_rules.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/const_folding_rules.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,45 @@
 
 const uint32_t kExtractCompositeIdInIdx = 0;
 
+// Returns a constants with the value NaN of the given type.  Only works for
+// 32-bit and 64-bit float point types.  Returns |nullptr| if an error occurs.
+const analysis::Constant* GetNan(const analysis::Type* type,
+                                 analysis::ConstantManager* const_mgr) {
+  const analysis::Float* float_type = type->AsFloat();
+  if (float_type == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  switch (float_type->width()) {
+    case 32:
+      return const_mgr->GetFloatConst(std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN());
+    case 64:
+      return const_mgr->GetDoubleConst(
+          std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+    default:
+      return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+// Returns a constants with the value INF of the given type.  Only works for
+// 32-bit and 64-bit float point types.  Returns |nullptr| if an error occurs.
+const analysis::Constant* GetInf(const analysis::Type* type,
+                                 analysis::ConstantManager* const_mgr) {
+  const analysis::Float* float_type = type->AsFloat();
+  if (float_type == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  switch (float_type->width()) {
+    case 32:
+      return const_mgr->GetFloatConst(std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity());
+    case 64:
+      return const_mgr->GetDoubleConst(std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+    default:
+      return nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
 // Returns true if |type| is Float or a vector of Float.
 bool HasFloatingPoint(const analysis::Type* type) {
   if (type->AsFloat()) {
@@ -33,6 +72,23 @@
   return false;
 }
 
+// Returns a constants with the value |-val| of the given type.  Only works for
+// 32-bit and 64-bit float point types.  Returns |nullptr| if an error occurs.
+const analysis::Constant* negateFPConst(const analysis::Type* result_type,
+                                        const analysis::Constant* val,
+                                        analysis::ConstantManager* const_mgr) {
+  const analysis::Float* float_type = result_type->AsFloat();
+  assert(float_type != nullptr);
+  if (float_type->width() == 32) {
+    float fa = val->GetFloat();
+    return const_mgr->GetFloatConst(-fa);
+  } else if (float_type->width() == 64) {
+    double da = val->GetDouble();
+    return const_mgr->GetDoubleConst(-da);
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
 // Folds an OpcompositeExtract where input is a composite constant.
 ConstantFoldingRule FoldExtractWithConstants() {
   return [](IRContext* context, Instruction* inst,
@@ -492,7 +548,60 @@
 ConstantFoldingRule FoldFSub() { return FoldFPBinaryOp(FOLD_FPARITH_OP(-)); }
 ConstantFoldingRule FoldFAdd() { return FoldFPBinaryOp(FOLD_FPARITH_OP(+)); }
 ConstantFoldingRule FoldFMul() { return FoldFPBinaryOp(FOLD_FPARITH_OP(*)); }
-ConstantFoldingRule FoldFDiv() { return FoldFPBinaryOp(FOLD_FPARITH_OP(/)); }
+
+// Returns the constant that results from evaluating |numerator| / 0.0.  Returns
+// |nullptr| if the result could not be evaluated.
+const analysis::Constant* FoldFPScalarDivideByZero(
+    const analysis::Type* result_type, const analysis::Constant* numerator,
+    analysis::ConstantManager* const_mgr) {
+  if (numerator == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (numerator->IsZero()) {
+    return GetNan(result_type, const_mgr);
+  }
+
+  const analysis::Constant* result = GetInf(result_type, const_mgr);
+  if (result == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (numerator->AsFloatConstant()->GetValueAsDouble() < 0.0) {
+    result = negateFPConst(result_type, result, const_mgr);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Returns the result of folding |numerator| / |denominator|.  Returns |nullptr|
+// if it cannot be folded.
+const analysis::Constant* FoldScalarFPDivide(
+    const analysis::Type* result_type, const analysis::Constant* numerator,
+    const analysis::Constant* denominator,
+    analysis::ConstantManager* const_mgr) {
+  if (denominator == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (denominator->IsZero()) {
+    return FoldFPScalarDivideByZero(result_type, numerator, const_mgr);
+  }
+
+  const analysis::FloatConstant* denominator_float =
+      denominator->AsFloatConstant();
+  if (denominator_float && denominator->GetValueAsDouble() == -0.0) {
+    const analysis::Constant* result =
+        FoldFPScalarDivideByZero(result_type, numerator, const_mgr);
+    if (result != nullptr)
+      result = negateFPConst(result_type, result, const_mgr);
+    return result;
+  } else {
+    return FOLD_FPARITH_OP(/)(result_type, numerator, denominator, const_mgr);
+  }
+}
+
+// Returns the constant folding rule to fold |OpFDiv| with two constants.
+ConstantFoldingRule FoldFDiv() { return FoldFPBinaryOp(FoldScalarFPDivide); }
 
 bool CompareFloatingPoint(bool op_result, bool op_unordered,
                           bool need_ordered) {
@@ -655,20 +764,7 @@
             analysis::ConstantManager* const_mgr) -> const analysis::Constant* {
     assert(result_type != nullptr && a != nullptr);
     assert(result_type == a->type());
-    const analysis::Float* float_type = result_type->AsFloat();
-    assert(float_type != nullptr);
-    if (float_type->width() == 32) {
-      float fa = a->GetFloat();
-      utils::FloatProxy<float> result(-fa);
-      std::vector<uint32_t> words = result.GetWords();
-      return const_mgr->GetConstant(result_type, words);
-    } else if (float_type->width() == 64) {
-      double da = a->GetDouble();
-      utils::FloatProxy<double> result(-da);
-      std::vector<uint32_t> words = result.GetWords();
-      return const_mgr->GetConstant(result_type, words);
-    }
-    return nullptr;
+    return negateFPConst(result_type, a, const_mgr);
   };
 }
 
@@ -1250,7 +1346,7 @@
         FoldFPUnaryOp(FoldFTranscendentalUnary(std::log)));
 
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
-    // Android NDK r15c tageting ABI 15 doesn't have full support for C++11
+    // Android NDK r15c targeting ABI 15 doesn't have full support for C++11
     // (no std::exp2/log2). ::exp2 is available from C99 but ::log2 isn't
     // available up until ABI 18 so we use a shim
     auto log2_shim = [](double v) -> double { return log(v) / log(2.0); };
diff --git a/source/opt/constants.cpp b/source/opt/constants.cpp
index 020e248..bcff08c 100644
--- a/source/opt/constants.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/constants.cpp
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@
 std::vector<const Constant*> ConstantManager::GetOperandConstants(
     const Instruction* inst) const {
   std::vector<const Constant*> constants;
+  constants.reserve(inst->NumInOperands());
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < inst->NumInOperands(); i++) {
     const Operand* operand = &inst->GetInOperand(i);
     if (operand->type != SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ID) {
@@ -420,13 +421,30 @@
   return GetConstant(type, element_ids);
 }
 
-uint32_t ConstantManager::GetFloatConst(float val) {
+uint32_t ConstantManager::GetFloatConstId(float val) {
+  const Constant* c = GetFloatConst(val);
+  return GetDefiningInstruction(c)->result_id();
+}
+
+const Constant* ConstantManager::GetFloatConst(float val) {
   Type* float_type = context()->get_type_mgr()->GetFloatType();
   utils::FloatProxy<float> v(val);
   const Constant* c = GetConstant(float_type, v.GetWords());
+  return c;
+}
+
+uint32_t ConstantManager::GetDoubleConstId(double val) {
+  const Constant* c = GetDoubleConst(val);
   return GetDefiningInstruction(c)->result_id();
 }
 
+const Constant* ConstantManager::GetDoubleConst(double val) {
+  Type* float_type = context()->get_type_mgr()->GetDoubleType();
+  utils::FloatProxy<double> v(val);
+  const Constant* c = GetConstant(float_type, v.GetWords());
+  return c;
+}
+
 uint32_t ConstantManager::GetSIntConst(int32_t val) {
   Type* sint_type = context()->get_type_mgr()->GetSIntType();
   const Constant* c = GetConstant(sint_type, {static_cast<uint32_t>(val)});
diff --git a/source/opt/constants.h b/source/opt/constants.h
index 52bd809..c039ae0 100644
--- a/source/opt/constants.h
+++ b/source/opt/constants.h
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@
   // instruction at the end of the current module's types section.
   //
   // |type_id| is an optional argument for disambiguating equivalent types. If
-  // |type_id| is specified, the contant returned will have that type id.
+  // |type_id| is specified, the constant returned will have that type id.
   Instruction* GetDefiningInstruction(const Constant* c, uint32_t type_id = 0,
                                       Module::inst_iterator* pos = nullptr);
 
@@ -637,7 +637,16 @@
   }
 
   // Returns the id of a 32-bit floating point constant with value |val|.
-  uint32_t GetFloatConst(float val);
+  uint32_t GetFloatConstId(float val);
+
+  // Returns a 32-bit float constant with the given value.
+  const Constant* GetFloatConst(float val);
+
+  // Returns the id of a 64-bit floating point constant with value |val|.
+  uint32_t GetDoubleConstId(double val);
+
+  // Returns a 64-bit float constant with the given value.
+  const Constant* GetDoubleConst(double val);
 
   // Returns the id of a 32-bit signed integer constant with value |val|.
   uint32_t GetSIntConst(int32_t val);
diff --git a/source/opt/convert_to_half_pass.cpp b/source/opt/convert_to_half_pass.cpp
index b127eab..4086e31 100644
--- a/source/opt/convert_to_half_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/convert_to_half_pass.cpp
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
                                    uint32_t to_width) {
   // Add converts of any float operands to to_width if they are of from_width.
   // If converting to 16, change type of phi to float16 equivalent and remember
-  // result id. Converts need to be added to preceeding blocks.
+  // result id. Converts need to be added to preceding blocks.
   uint32_t ocnt = 0;
   uint32_t* prev_idp;
   bool modified = false;
diff --git a/source/opt/copy_prop_arrays.cpp b/source/opt/copy_prop_arrays.cpp
index 62ed5e7..321d496 100644
--- a/source/opt/copy_prop_arrays.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/copy_prop_arrays.cpp
@@ -745,11 +745,11 @@
           context()->AnalyzeUses(use);
         }
         break;
+      case SpvOpDecorate:
+      // We treat an OpImageTexelPointer as a load.  The result type should
+      // always have the Image storage class, and should not need to be
+      // updated.
       case SpvOpImageTexelPointer:
-        // We treat an OpImageTexelPointer as a load.  The result type should
-        // always have the Image storage class, and should not need to be
-        // updated.
-
         // Replace the actual use.
         context()->ForgetUses(use);
         use->SetOperand(index, {new_ptr_inst->result_id()});
diff --git a/source/opt/copy_prop_arrays.h b/source/opt/copy_prop_arrays.h
index f4314a7..46a508c 100644
--- a/source/opt/copy_prop_arrays.h
+++ b/source/opt/copy_prop_arrays.h
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 //
 // The hard part is keeping all of the types correct.  We do not want to
 // have to do too large a search to update everything, which may not be
-// possible, do we give up if we see any instruction that might be hard to
+// possible, so we give up if we see any instruction that might be hard to
 // update.
 
 class CopyPropagateArrays : public MemPass {
diff --git a/source/opt/dead_branch_elim_pass.cpp b/source/opt/dead_branch_elim_pass.cpp
index 356dbcb..cc616ca 100644
--- a/source/opt/dead_branch_elim_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/dead_branch_elim_pass.cpp
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
       Instruction::OperandList new_operands;
       new_operands.push_back(terminator->GetInOperand(0));
       new_operands.push_back({SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ID, {live_lab_id}});
-      terminator->SetInOperands(move(new_operands));
+      terminator->SetInOperands(std::move(new_operands));
       context()->UpdateDefUse(terminator);
     } else {
       // Check if the merge instruction is still needed because of a
diff --git a/source/opt/dead_branch_elim_pass.h b/source/opt/dead_branch_elim_pass.h
index 7841bc4..198bad2 100644
--- a/source/opt/dead_branch_elim_pass.h
+++ b/source/opt/dead_branch_elim_pass.h
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
   // Fix phis in reachable blocks so that only live (or unremovable) incoming
   // edges are present. If the block now only has a single live incoming edge,
   // remove the phi and replace its uses with its data input. If the single
-  // remaining incoming edge is from the phi itself, the the phi is in an
+  // remaining incoming edge is from the phi itself, the phi is in an
   // unreachable single block loop. Either the block is dead and will be
   // removed, or it's reachable from an unreachable continue target. In the
   // latter case that continue target block will be collapsed into a block that
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
       uint32_t cont_id, uint32_t header_id, uint32_t merge_id,
       std::unordered_set<BasicBlock*>* blocks_with_back_edges);
 
-  // Returns true if there is a brach to the merge node of the selection
+  // Returns true if there is a branch to the merge node of the selection
   // construct |switch_header_id| that is inside a nested selection construct or
   // in the header of the nested selection construct.
   bool SwitchHasNestedBreak(uint32_t switch_header_id);
diff --git a/source/opt/debug_info_manager.cpp b/source/opt/debug_info_manager.cpp
index 060e0d9..c1df625 100644
--- a/source/opt/debug_info_manager.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/debug_info_manager.cpp
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
 // Create new constant directly into global value area, bypassing the
 // Constant manager. This is used when the DefUse or Constant managers
 // are invalid and cannot be regenerated due to the module being in an
-// inconsistant state e.g. in the middle of significant modification
+// inconsistent state e.g. in the middle of significant modification
 // such as inlining. Invalidate Constant and DefUse managers if used.
 uint32_t AddNewConstInGlobals(IRContext* context, uint32_t const_value) {
   uint32_t id = context->TakeNextId();
diff --git a/source/opt/def_use_manager.cpp b/source/opt/def_use_manager.cpp
index 394b9fa..e1e441e 100644
--- a/source/opt/def_use_manager.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/def_use_manager.cpp
@@ -13,16 +13,23 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 #include "source/opt/def_use_manager.h"
-
-#include <iostream>
-
-#include "source/opt/log.h"
-#include "source/opt/reflect.h"
+#include "source/util/make_unique.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace opt {
 namespace analysis {
 
+// Don't compact before we have a reasonable number of ids allocated (~32kb).
+static const size_t kCompactThresholdMinTotalIds = (8 * 1024);
+// Compact when fewer than this fraction of the storage is used (should be 2^n
+// for performance).
+static const size_t kCompactThresholdFractionFreeIds = 8;
+
+DefUseManager::DefUseManager() {
+  use_pool_ = MakeUnique<UseListPool>();
+  used_id_pool_ = MakeUnique<UsedIdListPool>();
+}
+
 void DefUseManager::AnalyzeInstDef(Instruction* inst) {
   const uint32_t def_id = inst->result_id();
   if (def_id != 0) {
@@ -39,15 +46,15 @@
 }
 
 void DefUseManager::AnalyzeInstUse(Instruction* inst) {
+  // It might have existed before.
+  EraseUseRecordsOfOperandIds(inst);
+
   // Create entry for the given instruction. Note that the instruction may
   // not have any in-operands. In such cases, we still need a entry for those
   // instructions so this manager knows it has seen the instruction later.
-  auto* used_ids = &inst_to_used_ids_[inst];
-  if (used_ids->size()) {
-    EraseUseRecordsOfOperandIds(inst);
-    used_ids = &inst_to_used_ids_[inst];
-  }
-  used_ids->clear();  // It might have existed before.
+  UsedIdList& used_ids =
+      inst_to_used_id_.insert({inst, UsedIdList(used_id_pool_.get())})
+          .first->second;
 
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < inst->NumOperands(); ++i) {
     switch (inst->GetOperand(i).type) {
@@ -58,9 +65,18 @@
       case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SCOPE_ID: {
         uint32_t use_id = inst->GetSingleWordOperand(i);
         Instruction* def = GetDef(use_id);
-        if (!def) assert(false && "Definition is not registered.");
-        id_to_users_.insert(UserEntry(def, inst));
-        used_ids->push_back(use_id);
+        assert(def && "Definition is not registered.");
+
+        // Add to inst's use records
+        used_ids.push_back(use_id);
+
+        // Add to the users, taking care to avoid adding duplicates.  We know
+        // the duplicate for this instruction will always be at the tail.
+        UseList& list = inst_to_users_.insert({def, UseList(use_pool_.get())})
+                            .first->second;
+        if (list.empty() || list.back() != inst) {
+          list.push_back(inst);
+        }
       } break;
       default:
         break;
@@ -99,23 +115,6 @@
   return iter->second;
 }
 
-DefUseManager::IdToUsersMap::const_iterator DefUseManager::UsersBegin(
-    const Instruction* def) const {
-  return id_to_users_.lower_bound(
-      UserEntry(const_cast<Instruction*>(def), nullptr));
-}
-
-bool DefUseManager::UsersNotEnd(const IdToUsersMap::const_iterator& iter,
-                                const IdToUsersMap::const_iterator& cached_end,
-                                const Instruction* inst) const {
-  return (iter != cached_end && iter->first == inst);
-}
-
-bool DefUseManager::UsersNotEnd(const IdToUsersMap::const_iterator& iter,
-                                const Instruction* inst) const {
-  return UsersNotEnd(iter, id_to_users_.end(), inst);
-}
-
 bool DefUseManager::WhileEachUser(
     const Instruction* def, const std::function<bool(Instruction*)>& f) const {
   // Ensure that |def| has been registered.
@@ -123,9 +122,11 @@
          "Definition is not registered.");
   if (!def->HasResultId()) return true;
 
-  auto end = id_to_users_.end();
-  for (auto iter = UsersBegin(def); UsersNotEnd(iter, end, def); ++iter) {
-    if (!f(iter->second)) return false;
+  auto iter = inst_to_users_.find(def);
+  if (iter != inst_to_users_.end()) {
+    for (Instruction* user : iter->second) {
+      if (!f(user)) return false;
+    }
   }
   return true;
 }
@@ -156,14 +157,15 @@
          "Definition is not registered.");
   if (!def->HasResultId()) return true;
 
-  auto end = id_to_users_.end();
-  for (auto iter = UsersBegin(def); UsersNotEnd(iter, end, def); ++iter) {
-    Instruction* user = iter->second;
-    for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx != user->NumOperands(); ++idx) {
-      const Operand& op = user->GetOperand(idx);
-      if (op.type != SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_RESULT_ID && spvIsIdType(op.type)) {
-        if (def->result_id() == op.words[0]) {
-          if (!f(user, idx)) return false;
+  auto iter = inst_to_users_.find(def);
+  if (iter != inst_to_users_.end()) {
+    for (Instruction* user : iter->second) {
+      for (uint32_t idx = 0; idx != user->NumOperands(); ++idx) {
+        const Operand& op = user->GetOperand(idx);
+        if (op.type != SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_RESULT_ID && spvIsIdType(op.type)) {
+          if (def->result_id() == op.words[0]) {
+            if (!f(user, idx)) return false;
+          }
         }
       }
     }
@@ -235,17 +237,18 @@
 }
 
 void DefUseManager::ClearInst(Instruction* inst) {
-  auto iter = inst_to_used_ids_.find(inst);
-  if (iter != inst_to_used_ids_.end()) {
+  if (inst_to_used_id_.find(inst) != inst_to_used_id_.end()) {
     EraseUseRecordsOfOperandIds(inst);
-    if (inst->result_id() != 0) {
-      // Remove all uses of this inst.
-      auto users_begin = UsersBegin(inst);
-      auto end = id_to_users_.end();
-      auto new_end = users_begin;
-      for (; UsersNotEnd(new_end, end, inst); ++new_end) {
+    uint32_t const result_id = inst->result_id();
+    if (result_id != 0) {
+      // For each using instruction, remove result_id from their used ids.
+      auto iter = inst_to_users_.find(inst);
+      if (iter != inst_to_users_.end()) {
+        for (Instruction* use : iter->second) {
+          inst_to_used_id_.at(use).remove_first(result_id);
+        }
+        inst_to_users_.erase(iter);
       }
-      id_to_users_.erase(users_begin, new_end);
       id_to_def_.erase(inst->result_id());
     }
   }
@@ -254,59 +257,113 @@
 void DefUseManager::EraseUseRecordsOfOperandIds(const Instruction* inst) {
   // Go through all ids used by this instruction, remove this instruction's
   // uses of them.
-  auto iter = inst_to_used_ids_.find(inst);
-  if (iter != inst_to_used_ids_.end()) {
-    for (auto use_id : iter->second) {
-      id_to_users_.erase(
-          UserEntry(GetDef(use_id), const_cast<Instruction*>(inst)));
+  auto iter = inst_to_used_id_.find(inst);
+  if (iter != inst_to_used_id_.end()) {
+    const UsedIdList& used_ids = iter->second;
+    for (uint32_t def_id : used_ids) {
+      auto def_iter = inst_to_users_.find(GetDef(def_id));
+      if (def_iter != inst_to_users_.end()) {
+        def_iter->second.remove_first(const_cast<Instruction*>(inst));
+      }
     }
-    inst_to_used_ids_.erase(inst);
+    inst_to_used_id_.erase(inst);
+
+    // If we're using only a fraction of the space in used_ids_, compact storage
+    // to prevent memory usage from being unbounded.
+    if (used_id_pool_->total_nodes() > kCompactThresholdMinTotalIds &&
+        used_id_pool_->used_nodes() <
+            used_id_pool_->total_nodes() / kCompactThresholdFractionFreeIds) {
+      CompactStorage();
+    }
   }
 }
 
-bool operator==(const DefUseManager& lhs, const DefUseManager& rhs) {
+void DefUseManager::CompactStorage() {
+  CompactUseRecords();
+  CompactUsedIds();
+}
+
+void DefUseManager::CompactUseRecords() {
+  std::unique_ptr<UseListPool> new_pool = MakeUnique<UseListPool>();
+  for (auto& iter : inst_to_users_) {
+    iter.second.move_nodes(new_pool.get());
+  }
+  use_pool_ = std::move(new_pool);
+}
+
+void DefUseManager::CompactUsedIds() {
+  std::unique_ptr<UsedIdListPool> new_pool = MakeUnique<UsedIdListPool>();
+  for (auto& iter : inst_to_used_id_) {
+    iter.second.move_nodes(new_pool.get());
+  }
+  used_id_pool_ = std::move(new_pool);
+}
+
+bool CompareAndPrintDifferences(const DefUseManager& lhs,
+                                const DefUseManager& rhs) {
+  bool same = true;
+
   if (lhs.id_to_def_ != rhs.id_to_def_) {
     for (auto p : lhs.id_to_def_) {
       if (rhs.id_to_def_.find(p.first) == rhs.id_to_def_.end()) {
-        return false;
+        printf("Diff in id_to_def: missing value in rhs\n");
       }
     }
     for (auto p : rhs.id_to_def_) {
       if (lhs.id_to_def_.find(p.first) == lhs.id_to_def_.end()) {
-        return false;
+        printf("Diff in id_to_def: missing value in lhs\n");
       }
     }
-    return false;
+    same = false;
   }
 
-  if (lhs.id_to_users_ != rhs.id_to_users_) {
-    for (auto p : lhs.id_to_users_) {
-      if (rhs.id_to_users_.count(p) == 0) {
-        return false;
-      }
+  for (const auto& l : lhs.inst_to_used_id_) {
+    std::set<uint32_t> ul, ur;
+    lhs.ForEachUse(l.first,
+                   [&ul](Instruction*, uint32_t id) { ul.insert(id); });
+    rhs.ForEachUse(l.first,
+                   [&ur](Instruction*, uint32_t id) { ur.insert(id); });
+    if (ul.size() != ur.size()) {
+      printf(
+          "Diff in inst_to_used_id_: different number of used ids (%zu != %zu)",
+          ul.size(), ur.size());
+      same = false;
+    } else if (ul != ur) {
+      printf("Diff in inst_to_used_id_: different used ids\n");
+      same = false;
     }
-    for (auto p : rhs.id_to_users_) {
-      if (lhs.id_to_users_.count(p) == 0) {
-        return false;
-      }
+  }
+  for (const auto& r : rhs.inst_to_used_id_) {
+    auto iter_l = lhs.inst_to_used_id_.find(r.first);
+    if (r.second.empty() &&
+        !(iter_l == lhs.inst_to_used_id_.end() || iter_l->second.empty())) {
+      printf("Diff in inst_to_used_id_: unexpected instr in rhs\n");
+      same = false;
     }
-    return false;
   }
 
-  if (lhs.inst_to_used_ids_ != rhs.inst_to_used_ids_) {
-    for (auto p : lhs.inst_to_used_ids_) {
-      if (rhs.inst_to_used_ids_.count(p.first) == 0) {
-        return false;
-      }
+  for (const auto& l : lhs.inst_to_users_) {
+    std::set<Instruction*> ul, ur;
+    lhs.ForEachUser(l.first, [&ul](Instruction* use) { ul.insert(use); });
+    rhs.ForEachUser(l.first, [&ur](Instruction* use) { ur.insert(use); });
+    if (ul.size() != ur.size()) {
+      printf("Diff in inst_to_users_: different number of users (%zu != %zu)",
+             ul.size(), ur.size());
+      same = false;
+    } else if (ul != ur) {
+      printf("Diff in inst_to_users_: different users\n");
+      same = false;
     }
-    for (auto p : rhs.inst_to_used_ids_) {
-      if (lhs.inst_to_used_ids_.count(p.first) == 0) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
   }
-  return true;
+  for (const auto& r : rhs.inst_to_users_) {
+    auto iter_l = lhs.inst_to_users_.find(r.first);
+    if (r.second.empty() &&
+        !(iter_l == lhs.inst_to_users_.end() || iter_l->second.empty())) {
+      printf("Diff in inst_to_users_: unexpected instr in rhs\n");
+      same = false;
+    }
+  }
+  return same;
 }
 
 }  // namespace analysis
diff --git a/source/opt/def_use_manager.h b/source/opt/def_use_manager.h
index 0499e82..cf6cbdf 100644
--- a/source/opt/def_use_manager.h
+++ b/source/opt/def_use_manager.h
@@ -15,14 +15,13 @@
 #ifndef SOURCE_OPT_DEF_USE_MANAGER_H_
 #define SOURCE_OPT_DEF_USE_MANAGER_H_
 
-#include <list>
 #include <set>
 #include <unordered_map>
-#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "source/opt/instruction.h"
 #include "source/opt/module.h"
+#include "source/util/pooled_linked_list.h"
 #include "spirv-tools/libspirv.hpp"
 
 namespace spvtools {
@@ -51,59 +50,16 @@
   return lhs.operand_index < rhs.operand_index;
 }
 
-// Definition and user pair.
-//
-// The first element of the pair is the definition.
-// The second element of the pair is the user.
-//
-// Definition should never be null. User can be null, however, such an entry
-// should be used only for searching (e.g. all users of a particular definition)
-// and never stored in a container.
-using UserEntry = std::pair<Instruction*, Instruction*>;
-
-// Orders UserEntry for use in associative containers (i.e. less than ordering).
-//
-// The definition of an UserEntry is treated as the major key and the users as
-// the minor key so that all the users of a particular definition are
-// consecutive in a container.
-//
-// A null user always compares less than a real user. This is done to provide
-// easy values to search for the beginning of the users of a particular
-// definition (i.e. using {def, nullptr}).
-struct UserEntryLess {
-  bool operator()(const UserEntry& lhs, const UserEntry& rhs) const {
-    // If lhs.first and rhs.first are both null, fall through to checking the
-    // second entries.
-    if (!lhs.first && rhs.first) return true;
-    if (lhs.first && !rhs.first) return false;
-
-    // If neither definition is null, then compare unique ids.
-    if (lhs.first && rhs.first) {
-      if (lhs.first->unique_id() < rhs.first->unique_id()) return true;
-      if (rhs.first->unique_id() < lhs.first->unique_id()) return false;
-    }
-
-    // Return false on equality.
-    if (!lhs.second && !rhs.second) return false;
-    if (!lhs.second) return true;
-    if (!rhs.second) return false;
-
-    // If neither user is null then compare unique ids.
-    return lhs.second->unique_id() < rhs.second->unique_id();
-  }
-};
-
 // A class for analyzing and managing defs and uses in an Module.
 class DefUseManager {
  public:
   using IdToDefMap = std::unordered_map<uint32_t, Instruction*>;
-  using IdToUsersMap = std::set<UserEntry, UserEntryLess>;
 
   // Constructs a def-use manager from the given |module|. All internal messages
   // will be communicated to the outside via the given message |consumer|. This
   // instance only keeps a reference to the |consumer|, so the |consumer| should
   // outlive this instance.
-  DefUseManager(Module* module) { AnalyzeDefUse(module); }
+  DefUseManager(Module* module) : DefUseManager() { AnalyzeDefUse(module); }
 
   DefUseManager(const DefUseManager&) = delete;
   DefUseManager(DefUseManager&&) = delete;
@@ -191,14 +147,12 @@
   // Returns the annotation instrunctions which are a direct use of the given
   // |id|. This means when the decorations are applied through decoration
   // group(s), this function will just return the OpGroupDecorate
-  // instrcution(s) which refer to the given id as an operand. The OpDecorate
+  // instruction(s) which refer to the given id as an operand. The OpDecorate
   // instructions which decorate the decoration group will not be returned.
   std::vector<Instruction*> GetAnnotations(uint32_t id) const;
 
   // Returns the map from ids to their def instructions.
   const IdToDefMap& id_to_defs() const { return id_to_def_; }
-  // Returns the map from instructions to their users.
-  const IdToUsersMap& id_to_users() const { return id_to_users_; }
 
   // Clear the internal def-use record of the given instruction |inst|. This
   // method will update the use information of the operand ids of |inst|. The
@@ -210,43 +164,43 @@
   // Erases the records that a given instruction uses its operand ids.
   void EraseUseRecordsOfOperandIds(const Instruction* inst);
 
-  friend bool operator==(const DefUseManager&, const DefUseManager&);
-  friend bool operator!=(const DefUseManager& lhs, const DefUseManager& rhs) {
-    return !(lhs == rhs);
-  }
+  friend bool CompareAndPrintDifferences(const DefUseManager&,
+                                         const DefUseManager&);
 
-  // If |inst| has not already been analysed, then analyses its defintion and
+  // If |inst| has not already been analysed, then analyses its definition and
   // uses.
   void UpdateDefUse(Instruction* inst);
 
+  // Compacts any internal storage to save memory.
+  void CompactStorage();
+
  private:
-  using InstToUsedIdsMap =
-      std::unordered_map<const Instruction*, std::vector<uint32_t>>;
+  using UseList = spvtools::utils::PooledLinkedList<Instruction*>;
+  using UseListPool = spvtools::utils::PooledLinkedListNodes<Instruction*>;
+  // Stores linked lists of Instructions using a def.
+  using InstToUsersMap = std::unordered_map<const Instruction*, UseList>;
 
-  // Returns the first location that {|def|, nullptr} could be inserted into the
-  // users map without violating ordering.
-  IdToUsersMap::const_iterator UsersBegin(const Instruction* def) const;
+  using UsedIdList = spvtools::utils::PooledLinkedList<uint32_t>;
+  using UsedIdListPool = spvtools::utils::PooledLinkedListNodes<uint32_t>;
+  // Stores mapping from instruction to their UsedIdRange.
+  using InstToUsedIdMap = std::unordered_map<const Instruction*, UsedIdList>;
 
-  // Returns true if |iter| has not reached the end of |def|'s users.
-  //
-  // In the first version |iter| is compared against the end of the map for
-  // validity before other checks. In the second version, |iter| is compared
-  // against |cached_end| for validity before other checks. This allows caching
-  // the map's end which is a performance improvement on some platforms.
-  bool UsersNotEnd(const IdToUsersMap::const_iterator& iter,
-                   const Instruction* def) const;
-  bool UsersNotEnd(const IdToUsersMap::const_iterator& iter,
-                   const IdToUsersMap::const_iterator& cached_end,
-                   const Instruction* def) const;
+  DefUseManager();
 
   // Analyzes the defs and uses in the given |module| and populates data
   // structures in this class. Does nothing if |module| is nullptr.
   void AnalyzeDefUse(Module* module);
 
-  IdToDefMap id_to_def_;      // Mapping from ids to their definitions
-  IdToUsersMap id_to_users_;  // Mapping from ids to their users
-  // Mapping from instructions to the ids used in the instruction.
-  InstToUsedIdsMap inst_to_used_ids_;
+  // Removes unused entries in used_records_ and used_ids_.
+  void CompactUseRecords();
+  void CompactUsedIds();
+
+  IdToDefMap id_to_def_;          // Mapping from ids to their definitions
+  InstToUsersMap inst_to_users_;  // Map from def to uses.
+  std::unique_ptr<UseListPool> use_pool_;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<UsedIdListPool> used_id_pool_;
+  InstToUsedIdMap inst_to_used_id_;  // Map from instruction to used ids.
 };
 
 }  // namespace analysis
diff --git a/source/opt/desc_sroa.cpp b/source/opt/desc_sroa.cpp
index bcbdde9..b130ca8 100644
--- a/source/opt/desc_sroa.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/desc_sroa.cpp
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
 
   if (use->NumInOperands() == 2) {
     // We are not indexing into the replacement variable.  We can replaces the
-    // access chain with the replacement varibale itself.
+    // access chain with the replacement variable itself.
     context()->ReplaceAllUsesWith(use->result_id(), replacement_var);
     context()->KillInst(use);
     return true;
@@ -135,8 +135,8 @@
   // Use the replacement variable as the base address.
   new_operands.push_back({SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ID, {replacement_var}});
 
-  // Drop the first index because it is consumed by the replacment, and copy the
-  // rest.
+  // Drop the first index because it is consumed by the replacement, and copy
+  // the rest.
   for (uint32_t i = 4; i < use->NumOperands(); i++) {
     new_operands.emplace_back(use->GetOperand(i));
   }
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@
     Instruction* old_var, uint32_t index, uint32_t new_var_id,
     uint32_t new_var_ptr_type_id, const bool is_old_var_array,
     const bool is_old_var_struct, Instruction* old_var_type) {
-  // Handle OpDecorate instructions.
+  // Handle OpDecorate and OpDecorateString instructions.
   for (auto old_decoration :
        get_decoration_mgr()->GetDecorationsFor(old_var->result_id(), true)) {
     uint32_t new_binding = 0;
@@ -212,7 +212,8 @@
 
 void DescriptorScalarReplacement::CreateNewDecorationForNewVariable(
     Instruction* old_decoration, uint32_t new_var_id, uint32_t new_binding) {
-  assert(old_decoration->opcode() == SpvOpDecorate);
+  assert(old_decoration->opcode() == SpvOpDecorate ||
+         old_decoration->opcode() == SpvOpDecorateString);
   std::unique_ptr<Instruction> new_decoration(old_decoration->Clone(context()));
   new_decoration->SetInOperand(0, {new_var_id});
 
diff --git a/source/opt/desc_sroa.h b/source/opt/desc_sroa.h
index fea0625..6a24fd8 100644
--- a/source/opt/desc_sroa.h
+++ b/source/opt/desc_sroa.h
@@ -115,10 +115,11 @@
                                    const bool is_old_var_struct,
                                    Instruction* old_var_type);
 
-  // Create a new OpDecorate instruction by cloning |old_decoration|. The new
-  // OpDecorate instruction will be used for a variable whose id is
-  // |new_var_ptr_type_id|. If |old_decoration| is a decoration for a binding,
-  // the new OpDecorate instruction will have |new_binding| as its binding.
+  // Create a new OpDecorate(String) instruction by cloning |old_decoration|.
+  // The new OpDecorate(String) instruction will be used for a variable whose id
+  // is |new_var_ptr_type_id|. If |old_decoration| is a decoration for a
+  // binding, the new OpDecorate(String) instruction will have |new_binding| as
+  // its binding.
   void CreateNewDecorationForNewVariable(Instruction* old_decoration,
                                          uint32_t new_var_id,
                                          uint32_t new_binding);
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@
 
   // A map from an OpVariable instruction to the set of variables that will be
   // used to replace it. The entry |replacement_variables_[var][i]| is the id of
-  // a variable that will be used in the place of the the ith element of the
+  // a variable that will be used in the place of the ith element of the
   // array |var|. If the entry is |0|, then the variable has not been
   // created yet.
   std::map<Instruction*, std::vector<uint32_t>> replacement_variables_;
diff --git a/source/opt/dominator_tree.cpp b/source/opt/dominator_tree.cpp
index 55287f4..d86de15 100644
--- a/source/opt/dominator_tree.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/dominator_tree.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 // BBType - BasicBlock type. Will either be BasicBlock or DominatorTreeNode
 // SuccessorLambda - Lamdba matching the signature of 'const
 // std::vector<BBType>*(const BBType *A)'. Will return a vector of the nodes
-// succeding BasicBlock A.
+// succeeding BasicBlock A.
 // PostLambda - Lamdba matching the signature of 'void (const BBType*)' will be
 // called on each node traversed AFTER their children.
 // PreLambda - Lamdba matching the signature of 'void (const BBType*)' will be
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
 // BBType - BasicBlock type. Will either be BasicBlock or DominatorTreeNode
 // SuccessorLambda - Lamdba matching the signature of 'const
 // std::vector<BBType>*(const BBType *A)'. Will return a vector of the nodes
-// succeding BasicBlock A.
+// succeeding BasicBlock A.
 // PostLambda - Lamdba matching the signature of 'void (const BBType*)' will be
 // called on each node traversed after their children.
 template <typename BBType, typename SuccessorLambda, typename PostLambda>
diff --git a/source/opt/dominator_tree.h b/source/opt/dominator_tree.h
index 0024bc5..1674b22 100644
--- a/source/opt/dominator_tree.h
+++ b/source/opt/dominator_tree.h
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@
 
  private:
   // Wrapper function which gets the list of pairs of each BasicBlocks to its
-  // immediately  dominating BasicBlock and stores the result in the the edges
+  // immediately  dominating BasicBlock and stores the result in the edges
   // parameter.
   //
   // The |edges| vector will contain the dominator tree as pairs of nodes.
diff --git a/source/opt/eliminate_dead_input_components_pass.cpp b/source/opt/eliminate_dead_input_components_pass.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f383136
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/opt/eliminate_dead_input_components_pass.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 The Khronos Group Inc.
+// Copyright (c) 2022 LunarG Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "source/opt/eliminate_dead_input_components_pass.h"
+
+#include <set>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "source/opt/instruction.h"
+#include "source/opt/ir_builder.h"
+#include "source/opt/ir_context.h"
+#include "source/util/bit_vector.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+const uint32_t kAccessChainBaseInIdx = 0;
+const uint32_t kAccessChainIndex0InIdx = 1;
+const uint32_t kConstantValueInIdx = 0;
+const uint32_t kVariableStorageClassInIdx = 0;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace opt {
+
+Pass::Status EliminateDeadInputComponentsPass::Process() {
+  // Current functionality assumes shader capability
+  if (!context()->get_feature_mgr()->HasCapability(SpvCapabilityShader))
+    return Status::SuccessWithoutChange;
+  analysis::DefUseManager* def_use_mgr = context()->get_def_use_mgr();
+  analysis::TypeManager* type_mgr = context()->get_type_mgr();
+  bool modified = false;
+  std::vector<std::pair<Instruction*, unsigned>> arrays_to_change;
+  for (auto& var : context()->types_values()) {
+    if (var.opcode() != SpvOpVariable) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    analysis::Type* var_type = type_mgr->GetType(var.type_id());
+    analysis::Pointer* ptr_type = var_type->AsPointer();
+    if (ptr_type == nullptr) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (ptr_type->storage_class() != SpvStorageClassInput) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    const analysis::Array* arr_type = ptr_type->pointee_type()->AsArray();
+    if (arr_type == nullptr) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    unsigned arr_len_id = arr_type->LengthId();
+    Instruction* arr_len_inst = def_use_mgr->GetDef(arr_len_id);
+    if (arr_len_inst->opcode() != SpvOpConstant) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    // SPIR-V requires array size is >= 1, so this works for signed or
+    // unsigned size
+    unsigned original_max =
+        arr_len_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(kConstantValueInIdx) - 1;
+    unsigned max_idx = FindMaxIndex(var, original_max);
+    if (max_idx != original_max) {
+      ChangeArrayLength(var, max_idx + 1);
+      modified = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return modified ? Status::SuccessWithChange : Status::SuccessWithoutChange;
+}
+
+unsigned EliminateDeadInputComponentsPass::FindMaxIndex(Instruction& var,
+                                                        unsigned original_max) {
+  unsigned max = 0;
+  bool seen_non_const_ac = false;
+  assert(var.opcode() == SpvOpVariable && "must be variable");
+  context()->get_def_use_mgr()->WhileEachUser(
+      var.result_id(), [&max, &seen_non_const_ac, var, this](Instruction* use) {
+        auto use_opcode = use->opcode();
+        if (use_opcode == SpvOpLoad || use_opcode == SpvOpCopyMemory ||
+            use_opcode == SpvOpCopyMemorySized ||
+            use_opcode == SpvOpCopyObject) {
+          seen_non_const_ac = true;
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (use->opcode() != SpvOpAccessChain &&
+            use->opcode() != SpvOpInBoundsAccessChain) {
+          return true;
+        }
+        // OpAccessChain with no indices currently not optimized
+        if (use->NumInOperands() == 1) {
+          seen_non_const_ac = true;
+          return false;
+        }
+        unsigned base_id = use->GetSingleWordInOperand(kAccessChainBaseInIdx);
+        USE_ASSERT(base_id == var.result_id() && "unexpected base");
+        unsigned idx_id = use->GetSingleWordInOperand(kAccessChainIndex0InIdx);
+        Instruction* idx_inst = context()->get_def_use_mgr()->GetDef(idx_id);
+        if (idx_inst->opcode() != SpvOpConstant) {
+          seen_non_const_ac = true;
+          return false;
+        }
+        unsigned value = idx_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(kConstantValueInIdx);
+        if (value > max) max = value;
+        return true;
+      });
+  return seen_non_const_ac ? original_max : max;
+}
+
+void EliminateDeadInputComponentsPass::ChangeArrayLength(Instruction& arr,
+                                                         unsigned length) {
+  analysis::TypeManager* type_mgr = context()->get_type_mgr();
+  analysis::ConstantManager* const_mgr = context()->get_constant_mgr();
+  analysis::DefUseManager* def_use_mgr = context()->get_def_use_mgr();
+  analysis::Pointer* ptr_type = type_mgr->GetType(arr.type_id())->AsPointer();
+  const analysis::Array* arr_ty = ptr_type->pointee_type()->AsArray();
+  assert(arr_ty && "expecting array type");
+  uint32_t length_id = const_mgr->GetUIntConst(length);
+  analysis::Array new_arr_ty(arr_ty->element_type(),
+                             arr_ty->GetConstantLengthInfo(length_id, length));
+  analysis::Type* reg_new_arr_ty = type_mgr->GetRegisteredType(&new_arr_ty);
+  analysis::Pointer new_ptr_ty(reg_new_arr_ty, SpvStorageClassInput);
+  analysis::Type* reg_new_ptr_ty = type_mgr->GetRegisteredType(&new_ptr_ty);
+  uint32_t new_ptr_ty_id = type_mgr->GetTypeInstruction(reg_new_ptr_ty);
+  arr.SetResultType(new_ptr_ty_id);
+  def_use_mgr->AnalyzeInstUse(&arr);
+  // Move array OpVariable instruction after its new type to preserve order
+  USE_ASSERT(arr.GetSingleWordInOperand(kVariableStorageClassInIdx) !=
+                 SpvStorageClassFunction &&
+             "cannot move Function variable");
+  Instruction* new_ptr_ty_inst = def_use_mgr->GetDef(new_ptr_ty_id);
+  arr.RemoveFromList();
+  arr.InsertAfter(new_ptr_ty_inst);
+}
+
+}  // namespace opt
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/source/opt/eliminate_dead_input_components_pass.h b/source/opt/eliminate_dead_input_components_pass.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b77857f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/opt/eliminate_dead_input_components_pass.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 The Khronos Group Inc.
+// Copyright (c) 2022 LunarG Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef SOURCE_OPT_ELIMINATE_DEAD_INPUT_COMPONENTS_H_
+#define SOURCE_OPT_ELIMINATE_DEAD_INPUT_COMPONENTS_H_
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "source/opt/ir_context.h"
+#include "source/opt/module.h"
+#include "source/opt/pass.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace opt {
+
+// See optimizer.hpp for documentation.
+class EliminateDeadInputComponentsPass : public Pass {
+ public:
+  explicit EliminateDeadInputComponentsPass() {}
+
+  const char* name() const override { return "reduce-load-size"; }
+  Status Process() override;
+
+  // Return the mask of preserved Analyses.
+  IRContext::Analysis GetPreservedAnalyses() override {
+    return IRContext::kAnalysisDefUse |
+           IRContext::kAnalysisInstrToBlockMapping |
+           IRContext::kAnalysisCombinators | IRContext::kAnalysisCFG |
+           IRContext::kAnalysisDominatorAnalysis |
+           IRContext::kAnalysisLoopAnalysis | IRContext::kAnalysisNameMap |
+           IRContext::kAnalysisConstants | IRContext::kAnalysisTypes;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Find the max constant used to index the variable declared by |var|
+  // through OpAccessChain or OpInBoundsAccessChain. If any non-constant
+  // indices or non-Op*AccessChain use of |var|, return |original_max|.
+  unsigned FindMaxIndex(Instruction& var, unsigned original_max);
+
+  // Change the length of the array |inst| to |length|
+  void ChangeArrayLength(Instruction& inst, unsigned length);
+};
+
+}  // namespace opt
+}  // namespace spvtools
+
+#endif  // SOURCE_OPT_ELIMINATE_DEAD_INPUT_COMPONENTS_H_
diff --git a/source/opt/eliminate_dead_members_pass.cpp b/source/opt/eliminate_dead_members_pass.cpp
index a24ba8f..52aca52 100644
--- a/source/opt/eliminate_dead_members_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/eliminate_dead_members_pass.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 }
 
 void EliminateDeadMembersPass::FindLiveMembers() {
-  // Until we have implemented the rewritting of OpSpecConsantOp instructions,
+  // Until we have implemented the rewriting of OpSpecConsantOp instructions,
   // we have to mark them as fully used just to be safe.
   for (auto& inst : get_module()->types_values()) {
     if (inst.opcode() == SpvOpSpecConstantOp) {
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@
     Instruction* type_inst = get_def_use_mgr()->GetDef(type_id);
     switch (type_inst->opcode()) {
       case SpvOpTypeStruct:
-        // The type will have already been rewriten, so use the new member
+        // The type will have already been rewritten, so use the new member
         // index.
         type_id = type_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(new_member_idx);
         break;
diff --git a/source/opt/feature_manager.cpp b/source/opt/feature_manager.cpp
index 39a4a34..a590271 100644
--- a/source/opt/feature_manager.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/feature_manager.cpp
@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@
   assert(ext->opcode() == SpvOpExtension &&
          "Expecting an extension instruction.");
 
-  const std::string name =
-      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ext->GetInOperand(0u).words.data());
+  const std::string name = ext->GetInOperand(0u).AsString();
   Extension extension;
   if (GetExtensionFromString(name.c_str(), &extension)) {
     extensions_.Add(extension);
diff --git a/source/opt/fold.cpp b/source/opt/fold.cpp
index 6550fb4..b903da6 100644
--- a/source/opt/fold.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/fold.cpp
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@
         // in 32-bit words here. The reason of not using FoldScalars() here
         // is that we do not create temporary null constants as components
         // when the vector operand is a NullConstant because Constant creation
-        // may need extra checks for the validity and that is not manageed in
+        // may need extra checks for the validity and that is not managed in
         // here.
         if (const analysis::ScalarConstant* scalar_component =
                 vector_operand->GetComponents().at(d)->AsScalarConstant()) {
diff --git a/source/opt/fold_spec_constant_op_and_composite_pass.cpp b/source/opt/fold_spec_constant_op_and_composite_pass.cpp
index 8ab717e..85f11fd 100644
--- a/source/opt/fold_spec_constant_op_and_composite_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/fold_spec_constant_op_and_composite_pass.cpp
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
   Instruction* folded_inst = nullptr;
   assert(inst->GetInOperand(0).type ==
              SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SPEC_CONSTANT_OP_NUMBER &&
-         "The first in-operand of OpSpecContantOp instruction must be of "
+         "The first in-operand of OpSpecConstantOp instruction must be of "
          "SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_SPEC_CONSTANT_OP_NUMBER type");
 
   switch (static_cast<SpvOp>(inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0))) {
diff --git a/source/opt/folding_rules.cpp b/source/opt/folding_rules.cpp
index 4904f18..c879a0c 100644
--- a/source/opt/folding_rules.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/folding_rules.cpp
@@ -2368,7 +2368,7 @@
             // fold.
             return false;
           }
-        } else {
+        } else if (component_index != undef_literal) {
           if (new_feeder_id == 0) {
             // First time through, save the id of the operand the element comes
             // from.
@@ -2382,7 +2382,7 @@
           component_index -= feeder_op0_length;
         }
 
-        if (!feeder_is_op0) {
+        if (!feeder_is_op0 && component_index != undef_literal) {
           component_index += op0_length;
         }
       }
diff --git a/source/opt/graphics_robust_access_pass.cpp b/source/opt/graphics_robust_access_pass.cpp
index 1b28f9b..4652d72 100644
--- a/source/opt/graphics_robust_access_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/graphics_robust_access_pass.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 // This pass injects code in a graphics shader to implement guarantees
-// satisfying Vulkan's robustBufferAcces rules.  Robust access rules permit
+// satisfying Vulkan's robustBufferAccess rules.  Robust access rules permit
 // an out-of-bounds access to be redirected to an access of the same type
 // (load, store, etc.) but within the same root object.
 //
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
 //    Pointers are always (correctly) typed and so the address and number of
 //    consecutive locations are fully determined by the pointer.
 //
-//  - A pointer value orginates as one of few cases:
+//  - A pointer value originates as one of few cases:
 //
 //    - OpVariable for an interface object or an array of them: image,
 //      buffer (UBO or SSBO), sampler, sampled-image, push-constant, input
@@ -559,21 +559,17 @@
   if (module_status_.glsl_insts_id == 0) {
     // This string serves double-duty as raw data for a string and for a vector
     // of 32-bit words
-    const char glsl[] = "GLSL.std.450\0\0\0\0";
-    const size_t glsl_str_byte_len = 16;
+    const char glsl[] = "GLSL.std.450";
     // Use an existing import if we can.
     for (auto& inst : context()->module()->ext_inst_imports()) {
-      const auto& name_words = inst.GetInOperand(0).words;
-      if (0 == std::strncmp(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(name_words.data()),
-                            glsl, glsl_str_byte_len)) {
+      if (inst.GetInOperand(0).AsString() == glsl) {
         module_status_.glsl_insts_id = inst.result_id();
       }
     }
     if (module_status_.glsl_insts_id == 0) {
       // Make a new import instruction.
       module_status_.glsl_insts_id = TakeNextId();
-      std::vector<uint32_t> words(glsl_str_byte_len / sizeof(uint32_t));
-      std::memcpy(words.data(), glsl, glsl_str_byte_len);
+      std::vector<uint32_t> words = spvtools::utils::MakeVector(glsl);
       auto import_inst = MakeUnique<Instruction>(
           context(), SpvOpExtInstImport, 0, module_status_.glsl_insts_id,
           std::initializer_list<Operand>{
@@ -962,7 +958,7 @@
       constant_mgr->GetDefiningInstruction(component_0)->result_id();
 
   // If the image is a cube array, then the last component of the queried
-  // size is the layer count.  In the query, we have to accomodate folding
+  // size is the layer count.  In the query, we have to accommodate folding
   // in the face index ranging from 0 through 5. The inclusive upper bound
   // on the third coordinate therefore is multiplied by 6.
   auto* query_size_including_faces = query_size;
diff --git a/source/opt/graphics_robust_access_pass.h b/source/opt/graphics_robust_access_pass.h
index 6fc692c..8f4c9dc 100644
--- a/source/opt/graphics_robust_access_pass.h
+++ b/source/opt/graphics_robust_access_pass.h
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
                                    Instruction* max, Instruction* where);
 
   // Returns a new instruction which evaluates to the length the runtime array
-  // referenced by the access chain at the specfied index.  The instruction is
+  // referenced by the access chain at the specified index.  The instruction is
   // inserted before the access chain instruction.  Returns a null pointer in
   // some cases if assumptions are violated (rather than asserting out).
   opt::Instruction* MakeRuntimeArrayLengthInst(Instruction* access_chain,
diff --git a/source/opt/inst_bindless_check_pass.cpp b/source/opt/inst_bindless_check_pass.cpp
index 5607239..c2c5d6c 100644
--- a/source/opt/inst_bindless_check_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/inst_bindless_check_pass.cpp
@@ -39,13 +39,6 @@
 static const int kSpvTypeImageSampled = 5;
 }  // anonymous namespace
 
-// Avoid unused variable warning/error on Linux
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-#define USE_ASSERT(x) assert(x)
-#else
-#define USE_ASSERT(x) ((void)(x))
-#endif
-
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace opt {
 
diff --git a/source/opt/inst_bindless_check_pass.h b/source/opt/inst_bindless_check_pass.h
index cd96180..e6e6ef4 100644
--- a/source/opt/inst_bindless_check_pass.h
+++ b/source/opt/inst_bindless_check_pass.h
@@ -147,11 +147,11 @@
   uint32_t GenLastByteIdx(RefAnalysis* ref, InstructionBuilder* builder);
 
   // Clone original image computation starting at |image_id| into |builder|.
-  // This may generate more than one instruction if neccessary.
+  // This may generate more than one instruction if necessary.
   uint32_t CloneOriginalImage(uint32_t image_id, InstructionBuilder* builder);
 
   // Clone original original reference encapsulated by |ref| into |builder|.
-  // This may generate more than one instruction if neccessary.
+  // This may generate more than one instruction if necessary.
   uint32_t CloneOriginalReference(RefAnalysis* ref,
                                   InstructionBuilder* builder);
 
diff --git a/source/opt/inst_debug_printf_pass.cpp b/source/opt/inst_debug_printf_pass.cpp
index c0e6bc3..4218138 100644
--- a/source/opt/inst_debug_printf_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/inst_debug_printf_pass.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "inst_debug_printf_pass.h"
 
+#include "source/util/string_utils.h"
 #include "spirv/unified1/NonSemanticDebugPrintf.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
@@ -231,10 +232,8 @@
   bool non_sem_set_seen = false;
   for (auto c_itr = context()->module()->ext_inst_import_begin();
        c_itr != context()->module()->ext_inst_import_end(); ++c_itr) {
-    const char* set_name =
-        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&c_itr->GetInOperand(0).words[0]);
-    const char* non_sem_str = "NonSemantic.";
-    if (!strncmp(set_name, non_sem_str, strlen(non_sem_str))) {
+    const std::string set_name = c_itr->GetInOperand(0).AsString();
+    if (spvtools::utils::starts_with(set_name, "NonSemantic.")) {
       non_sem_set_seen = true;
       break;
     }
@@ -242,9 +241,8 @@
   if (!non_sem_set_seen) {
     for (auto c_itr = context()->module()->extension_begin();
          c_itr != context()->module()->extension_end(); ++c_itr) {
-      const char* ext_name =
-          reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&c_itr->GetInOperand(0).words[0]);
-      if (!strcmp(ext_name, "SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info")) {
+      const std::string ext_name = c_itr->GetInOperand(0).AsString();
+      if (ext_name == "SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info") {
         context()->KillInst(&*c_itr);
         break;
       }
diff --git a/source/opt/instruction.cpp b/source/opt/instruction.cpp
index 2461e41..418f121 100644
--- a/source/opt/instruction.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/instruction.cpp
@@ -76,10 +76,9 @@
       dbg_scope_(kNoDebugScope, kNoInlinedAt) {
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < inst.num_operands; ++i) {
     const auto& current_payload = inst.operands[i];
-    std::vector<uint32_t> words(
-        inst.words + current_payload.offset,
+    operands_.emplace_back(
+        current_payload.type, inst.words + current_payload.offset,
         inst.words + current_payload.offset + current_payload.num_words);
-    operands_.emplace_back(current_payload.type, std::move(words));
   }
   assert((!IsLineInst() || dbg_line.empty()) &&
          "Op(No)Line attaching to Op(No)Line found");
@@ -96,10 +95,9 @@
       dbg_scope_(dbg_scope) {
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < inst.num_operands; ++i) {
     const auto& current_payload = inst.operands[i];
-    std::vector<uint32_t> words(
-        inst.words + current_payload.offset,
+    operands_.emplace_back(
+        current_payload.type, inst.words + current_payload.offset,
         inst.words + current_payload.offset + current_payload.num_words);
-    operands_.emplace_back(current_payload.type, std::move(words));
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/source/opt/instruction.h b/source/opt/instruction.h
index ce568f6..2163d99 100644
--- a/source/opt/instruction.h
+++ b/source/opt/instruction.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100.h"
 #include "OpenCLDebugInfo100.h"
+#include "source/binary.h"
 #include "source/common_debug_info.h"
 #include "source/latest_version_glsl_std_450_header.h"
 #include "source/latest_version_spirv_header.h"
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@
 #include "source/opt/reflect.h"
 #include "source/util/ilist_node.h"
 #include "source/util/small_vector.h"
+#include "source/util/string_utils.h"
 #include "spirv-tools/libspirv.h"
 
 const uint32_t kNoDebugScope = 0;
@@ -82,21 +84,32 @@
 
   Operand(spv_operand_type_t t, const OperandData& w) : type(t), words(w) {}
 
+  template <class InputIt>
+  Operand(spv_operand_type_t t, InputIt firstOperandData,
+          InputIt lastOperandData)
+      : type(t), words(firstOperandData, lastOperandData) {}
+
   spv_operand_type_t type;  // Type of this logical operand.
   OperandData words;        // Binary segments of this logical operand.
 
-  // Returns a string operand as a C-style string.
-  const char* AsCString() const {
-    assert(type == SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_STRING);
-    return reinterpret_cast<const char*>(words.data());
+  uint32_t AsId() const {
+    assert(spvIsIdType(type));
+    assert(words.size() == 1);
+    return words[0];
   }
 
   // Returns a string operand as a std::string.
-  std::string AsString() const { return AsCString(); }
+  std::string AsString() const {
+    assert(type == SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_STRING);
+    return spvtools::utils::MakeString(words);
+  }
 
   // Returns a literal integer operand as a uint64_t
   uint64_t AsLiteralUint64() const {
-    assert(type == SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_TYPED_LITERAL_NUMBER);
+    assert(type == SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_INTEGER ||
+           type == SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_TYPED_LITERAL_NUMBER ||
+           type == SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_OPTIONAL_LITERAL_INTEGER ||
+           type == SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_OPTIONAL_TYPED_LITERAL_INTEGER);
     assert(1 <= words.size());
     assert(words.size() <= 2);
     uint64_t result = 0;
@@ -123,7 +136,7 @@
 }
 
 // This structure is used to represent a DebugScope instruction from
-// the OpenCL.100.DebugInfo extened instruction set. Note that we can
+// the OpenCL.100.DebugInfo extended instruction set. Note that we can
 // ignore the result id of DebugScope instruction because it is not
 // used for anything. We do not keep it to reduce the size of
 // structure.
@@ -295,6 +308,7 @@
   inline void SetInOperands(OperandList&& new_operands);
   // Sets the result type id.
   inline void SetResultType(uint32_t ty_id);
+  inline bool HasResultType() const { return has_type_id_; }
   // Sets the result id
   inline void SetResultId(uint32_t res_id);
   inline bool HasResultId() const { return has_result_id_; }
diff --git a/source/opt/instrument_pass.h b/source/opt/instrument_pass.h
index 12b939d..90c1dd4 100644
--- a/source/opt/instrument_pass.h
+++ b/source/opt/instrument_pass.h
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 // A validation pass may read or write multiple buffers. All such buffers
 // are located in a single debug descriptor set whose index is passed at the
 // creation of the instrumentation pass. The bindings of the buffers used by
-// a validation pass are permanantly assigned and fixed and documented by
+// a validation pass are permanently assigned and fixed and documented by
 // the kDebugOutput* static consts.
 
 namespace spvtools {
@@ -179,8 +179,8 @@
   // the error. Every stage will write a fixed number of words. Vertex shaders
   // will write the Vertex and Instance ID. Fragment shaders will write
   // FragCoord.xy. Compute shaders will write the GlobalInvocation ID.
-  // The tesselation eval shader will write the Primitive ID and TessCoords.uv.
-  // The tesselation control shader and geometry shader will write the
+  // The tessellation eval shader will write the Primitive ID and TessCoords.uv.
+  // The tessellation control shader and geometry shader will write the
   // Primitive ID and Invocation ID.
   //
   // The Validation Error Code specifies the exact error which has occurred.
diff --git a/source/opt/interp_fixup_pass.cpp b/source/opt/interp_fixup_pass.cpp
index ad29e6a..e8cdd99 100644
--- a/source/opt/interp_fixup_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/interp_fixup_pass.cpp
@@ -31,13 +31,6 @@
 // Input Operand Indices
 static const int kSpvVariableStorageClassInIdx = 0;
 
-// Avoid unused variable warning/error on Linux
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-#define USE_ASSERT(x) assert(x)
-#else
-#define USE_ASSERT(x) ((void)(x))
-#endif
-
 // Folding rule function which attempts to replace |op(OpLoad(a),...)|
 // by |op(a,...)|, where |op| is one of the GLSLstd450 InterpolateAt*
 // instructions. Returns true if replaced, false otherwise.
diff --git a/source/opt/ir_context.cpp b/source/opt/ir_context.cpp
index 612a831..a80d4f2 100644
--- a/source/opt/ir_context.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/ir_context.cpp
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@
 namespace opt {
 
 void IRContext::BuildInvalidAnalyses(IRContext::Analysis set) {
+  set = Analysis(set & ~valid_analyses_);
+
   if (set & kAnalysisDefUse) {
     BuildDefUseManager();
   }
@@ -106,7 +108,7 @@
     analyses_to_invalidate |= kAnalysisDebugInfo;
   }
 
-  // The dominator analysis hold the psuedo entry and exit nodes from the CFG.
+  // The dominator analysis hold the pseudo entry and exit nodes from the CFG.
   // Also if the CFG change the dominators many changed as well, so the
   // dominator analysis should be invalidated as well.
   if (analyses_to_invalidate & kAnalysisCFG) {
@@ -317,7 +319,7 @@
 #else
   if (AreAnalysesValid(kAnalysisDefUse)) {
     analysis::DefUseManager new_def_use(module());
-    if (*get_def_use_mgr() != new_def_use) {
+    if (!CompareAndPrintDifferences(*get_def_use_mgr(), new_def_use)) {
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -623,9 +625,8 @@
 void IRContext::AddCombinatorsForExtension(Instruction* extension) {
   assert(extension->opcode() == SpvOpExtInstImport &&
          "Expecting an import of an extension's instruction set.");
-  const char* extension_name =
-      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&extension->GetInOperand(0).words[0]);
-  if (!strcmp(extension_name, "GLSL.std.450")) {
+  const std::string extension_name = extension->GetInOperand(0).AsString();
+  if (extension_name == "GLSL.std.450") {
     combinator_ops_[extension->result_id()] = {GLSLstd450Round,
                                                GLSLstd450RoundEven,
                                                GLSLstd450Trunc,
@@ -944,11 +945,11 @@
 
   uint32_t line_number = 0;
   uint32_t col_number = 0;
-  char* source = nullptr;
+  std::string source;
   if (line_inst != nullptr) {
     Instruction* file_name =
         get_def_use_mgr()->GetDef(line_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0));
-    source = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&file_name->GetInOperand(0).words[0]);
+    source = file_name->GetInOperand(0).AsString();
 
     // Get the line number and column number.
     line_number = line_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(1);
@@ -957,7 +958,7 @@
 
   message +=
       "\n  " + inst->PrettyPrint(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_FRIENDLY_NAMES);
-  consumer()(SPV_MSG_ERROR, source, {line_number, col_number, 0},
+  consumer()(SPV_MSG_ERROR, source.c_str(), {line_number, col_number, 0},
              message.c_str());
 }
 
diff --git a/source/opt/ir_context.h b/source/opt/ir_context.h
index 6585347..946f9e9 100644
--- a/source/opt/ir_context.h
+++ b/source/opt/ir_context.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include "source/opt/type_manager.h"
 #include "source/opt/value_number_table.h"
 #include "source/util/make_unique.h"
+#include "source/util/string_utils.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace opt {
@@ -301,7 +302,7 @@
     }
   }
 
-  // Returns a pointer the decoration manager.  If the decoration manger is
+  // Returns a pointer the decoration manager.  If the decoration manager is
   // invalid, it is rebuilt first.
   analysis::DecorationManager* get_decoration_mgr() {
     if (!AreAnalysesValid(kAnalysisDecorations)) {
@@ -384,7 +385,7 @@
 
   // Deletes the instruction defining the given |id|. Returns true on
   // success, false if the given |id| is not defined at all. This method also
-  // erases the name, decorations, and defintion of |id|.
+  // erases the name, decorations, and definition of |id|.
   //
   // Pointers and iterators pointing to the deleted instructions become invalid.
   // However other pointers and iterators are still valid.
@@ -518,6 +519,18 @@
         std::string message = "ID overflow. Try running compact-ids.";
         consumer()(SPV_MSG_ERROR, "", {0, 0, 0}, message.c_str());
       }
+#ifdef FUZZING_BUILD_MODE_UNSAFE_FOR_PRODUCTION
+      // If TakeNextId returns 0, it is very likely that execution will
+      // subsequently fail. Such failures are false alarms from a fuzzing point
+      // of view: they are due to the fact that too many ids were used, rather
+      // than being due to an actual bug. Thus, during a fuzzing build, it is
+      // preferable to bail out when ID overflow occurs.
+      //
+      // A zero exit code is returned here because a non-zero code would cause
+      // ClusterFuzz/OSS-Fuzz to regard the termination as a crash, and spurious
+      // crash reports is what this guard aims to avoid.
+      exit(0);
+#endif
     }
     return next_id;
   }
@@ -789,7 +802,7 @@
   // iterators to traverse instructions.
   std::unordered_map<uint32_t, Function*> id_to_func_;
 
-  // A bitset indicating which analyes are currently valid.
+  // A bitset indicating which analyzes are currently valid.
   Analysis valid_analyses_;
 
   // Opcodes of shader capability core executable instructions
@@ -854,8 +867,7 @@
 
 inline IRContext::Analysis& operator|=(IRContext::Analysis& lhs,
                                        IRContext::Analysis rhs) {
-  lhs = static_cast<IRContext::Analysis>(static_cast<int>(lhs) |
-                                         static_cast<int>(rhs));
+  lhs = lhs | rhs;
   return lhs;
 }
 
@@ -1020,11 +1032,7 @@
 }
 
 void IRContext::AddExtension(const std::string& ext_name) {
-  const auto num_chars = ext_name.size();
-  // Compute num words, accommodate the terminating null character.
-  const auto num_words = (num_chars + 1 + 3) / 4;
-  std::vector<uint32_t> ext_words(num_words, 0u);
-  std::memcpy(ext_words.data(), ext_name.data(), num_chars);
+  std::vector<uint32_t> ext_words = spvtools::utils::MakeVector(ext_name);
   AddExtension(std::unique_ptr<Instruction>(
       new Instruction(this, SpvOpExtension, 0u, 0u,
                       {{SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_STRING, ext_words}})));
@@ -1041,11 +1049,7 @@
 }
 
 void IRContext::AddExtInstImport(const std::string& name) {
-  const auto num_chars = name.size();
-  // Compute num words, accommodate the terminating null character.
-  const auto num_words = (num_chars + 1 + 3) / 4;
-  std::vector<uint32_t> ext_words(num_words, 0u);
-  std::memcpy(ext_words.data(), name.data(), num_chars);
+  std::vector<uint32_t> ext_words = spvtools::utils::MakeVector(name);
   AddExtInstImport(std::unique_ptr<Instruction>(
       new Instruction(this, SpvOpExtInstImport, 0u, TakeNextId(),
                       {{SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_STRING, ext_words}})));
diff --git a/source/opt/ir_loader.cpp b/source/opt/ir_loader.cpp
index a82b530..97db9d8 100644
--- a/source/opt/ir_loader.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/ir_loader.cpp
@@ -189,7 +189,8 @@
         module_->SetMemoryModel(std::move(spv_inst));
       } else if (opcode == SpvOpEntryPoint) {
         module_->AddEntryPoint(std::move(spv_inst));
-      } else if (opcode == SpvOpExecutionMode) {
+      } else if (opcode == SpvOpExecutionMode ||
+                 opcode == SpvOpExecutionModeId) {
         module_->AddExecutionMode(std::move(spv_inst));
       } else if (IsDebug1Inst(opcode)) {
         module_->AddDebug1Inst(std::move(spv_inst));
diff --git a/source/opt/local_access_chain_convert_pass.cpp b/source/opt/local_access_chain_convert_pass.cpp
index da9ba8c..0c6d0c2 100644
--- a/source/opt/local_access_chain_convert_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/local_access_chain_convert_pass.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "ir_builder.h"
 #include "ir_context.h"
 #include "iterator.h"
+#include "source/util/string_utils.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace opt {
@@ -328,8 +329,7 @@
     return false;
   // If any extension not in allowlist, return false
   for (auto& ei : get_module()->extensions()) {
-    const char* extName =
-        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&ei.GetInOperand(0).words[0]);
+    const std::string extName = ei.GetInOperand(0).AsString();
     if (extensions_allowlist_.find(extName) == extensions_allowlist_.end())
       return false;
   }
@@ -339,11 +339,9 @@
   for (auto& inst : context()->module()->ext_inst_imports()) {
     assert(inst.opcode() == SpvOpExtInstImport &&
            "Expecting an import of an extension's instruction set.");
-    const char* extension_name =
-        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&inst.GetInOperand(0).words[0]);
-    if (0 == std::strncmp(extension_name, "NonSemantic.", 12) &&
-        0 != std::strncmp(extension_name, "NonSemantic.Shader.DebugInfo.100",
-                          32)) {
+    const std::string extension_name = inst.GetInOperand(0).AsString();
+    if (spvtools::utils::starts_with(extension_name, "NonSemantic.") &&
+        extension_name != "NonSemantic.Shader.DebugInfo.100") {
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -436,6 +434,7 @@
       "SPV_KHR_integer_dot_product",
       "SPV_EXT_shader_image_int64",
       "SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info",
+      "SPV_KHR_uniform_group_instructions",
   });
 }
 
diff --git a/source/opt/local_access_chain_convert_pass.h b/source/opt/local_access_chain_convert_pass.h
index 552062e..a51660f 100644
--- a/source/opt/local_access_chain_convert_pass.h
+++ b/source/opt/local_access_chain_convert_pass.h
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
                               std::vector<Operand>* in_opnds);
 
   // Create a load/insert/store equivalent to a store of
-  // |valId| through (constant index) access chaing |ptrInst|.
+  // |valId| through (constant index) access chain |ptrInst|.
   // Append to |newInsts|.  Returns true if successful.
   bool GenAccessChainStoreReplacement(
       const Instruction* ptrInst, uint32_t valId,
diff --git a/source/opt/local_single_block_elim_pass.cpp b/source/opt/local_single_block_elim_pass.cpp
index 5fd4f65..33c8bdf 100644
--- a/source/opt/local_single_block_elim_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/local_single_block_elim_pass.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "source/opt/iterator.h"
+#include "source/util/string_utils.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace opt {
@@ -183,8 +184,7 @@
 bool LocalSingleBlockLoadStoreElimPass::AllExtensionsSupported() const {
   // If any extension not in allowlist, return false
   for (auto& ei : get_module()->extensions()) {
-    const char* extName =
-        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&ei.GetInOperand(0).words[0]);
+    const std::string extName = ei.GetInOperand(0).AsString();
     if (extensions_allowlist_.find(extName) == extensions_allowlist_.end())
       return false;
   }
@@ -194,11 +194,9 @@
   for (auto& inst : context()->module()->ext_inst_imports()) {
     assert(inst.opcode() == SpvOpExtInstImport &&
            "Expecting an import of an extension's instruction set.");
-    const char* extension_name =
-        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&inst.GetInOperand(0).words[0]);
-    if (0 == std::strncmp(extension_name, "NonSemantic.", 12) &&
-        0 != std::strncmp(extension_name, "NonSemantic.Shader.DebugInfo.100",
-                          32)) {
+    const std::string extension_name = inst.GetInOperand(0).AsString();
+    if (spvtools::utils::starts_with(extension_name, "NonSemantic.") &&
+        extension_name != "NonSemantic.Shader.DebugInfo.100") {
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -288,6 +286,7 @@
       "SPV_KHR_integer_dot_product",
       "SPV_EXT_shader_image_int64",
       "SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info",
+      "SPV_KHR_uniform_group_instructions",
   });
 }
 
diff --git a/source/opt/local_single_store_elim_pass.cpp b/source/opt/local_single_store_elim_pass.cpp
index 051bcad..f22b191 100644
--- a/source/opt/local_single_store_elim_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/local_single_store_elim_pass.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "source/cfa.h"
 #include "source/latest_version_glsl_std_450_header.h"
 #include "source/opt/iterator.h"
+#include "source/util/string_utils.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace opt {
@@ -48,8 +49,7 @@
 bool LocalSingleStoreElimPass::AllExtensionsSupported() const {
   // If any extension not in allowlist, return false
   for (auto& ei : get_module()->extensions()) {
-    const char* extName =
-        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&ei.GetInOperand(0).words[0]);
+    const std::string extName = ei.GetInOperand(0).AsString();
     if (extensions_allowlist_.find(extName) == extensions_allowlist_.end())
       return false;
   }
@@ -59,11 +59,9 @@
   for (auto& inst : context()->module()->ext_inst_imports()) {
     assert(inst.opcode() == SpvOpExtInstImport &&
            "Expecting an import of an extension's instruction set.");
-    const char* extension_name =
-        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&inst.GetInOperand(0).words[0]);
-    if (0 == std::strncmp(extension_name, "NonSemantic.", 12) &&
-        0 != std::strncmp(extension_name, "NonSemantic.Shader.DebugInfo.100",
-                          32)) {
+    const std::string extension_name = inst.GetInOperand(0).AsString();
+    if (spvtools::utils::starts_with(extension_name, "NonSemantic.") &&
+        extension_name != "NonSemantic.Shader.DebugInfo.100") {
       return false;
     }
   }
@@ -141,6 +139,7 @@
       "SPV_KHR_integer_dot_product",
       "SPV_EXT_shader_image_int64",
       "SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info",
+      "SPV_KHR_uniform_group_instructions",
   });
 }
 bool LocalSingleStoreElimPass::ProcessVariable(Instruction* var_inst) {
diff --git a/source/opt/loop_descriptor.cpp b/source/opt/loop_descriptor.cpp
index b5b5630..9bc495e 100644
--- a/source/opt/loop_descriptor.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/loop_descriptor.cpp
@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@
     step_value = -step_value;
   }
 
-  // Find the inital value of the loop and make sure it is a constant integer.
+  // Find the initial value of the loop and make sure it is a constant integer.
   int64_t init_value = 0;
   if (!GetInductionInitValue(induction, &init_value)) return false;
 
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@
 // We retrieve the number of iterations using the following formula, diff /
 // |step_value| where diff is calculated differently according to the
 // |condition| and uses the |condition_value| and |init_value|. If diff /
-// |step_value| is NOT cleanly divisable then we add one to the sum.
+// |step_value| is NOT cleanly divisible then we add one to the sum.
 int64_t Loop::GetIterations(SpvOp condition, int64_t condition_value,
                             int64_t init_value, int64_t step_value) const {
   int64_t diff = 0;
@@ -795,7 +795,7 @@
       // If the condition is not met to begin with the loop will never iterate.
       if (!(init_value >= condition_value)) return 0;
 
-      // We subract one to make it the same as SpvOpGreaterThan as it is
+      // We subtract one to make it the same as SpvOpGreaterThan as it is
       // functionally equivalent.
       diff = init_value - (condition_value - 1);
 
diff --git a/source/opt/loop_descriptor.h b/source/opt/loop_descriptor.h
index 4b4f8bc..e88ff93 100644
--- a/source/opt/loop_descriptor.h
+++ b/source/opt/loop_descriptor.h
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@
   // Sets |merge| as the loop merge block. No checks are performed here.
   inline void SetMergeBlockImpl(BasicBlock* merge) { loop_merge_ = merge; }
 
-  // Each differnt loop |condition| affects how we calculate the number of
+  // Each different loop |condition| affects how we calculate the number of
   // iterations using the |condition_value|, |init_value|, and |step_values| of
   // the induction variable. This method will return the number of iterations in
   // a loop with those values for a given |condition|.
diff --git a/source/opt/loop_fission.cpp b/source/opt/loop_fission.cpp
index 0678113..b4df8c6 100644
--- a/source/opt/loop_fission.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/loop_fission.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 // 2 - For each loop in the list, group each instruction into a set of related
 // instructions by traversing each instructions users and operands recursively.
 // We stop if we encounter an instruction we have seen before or an instruction
-// which we don't consider relevent (i.e OpLoopMerge). We then group these
+// which we don't consider relevant (i.e OpLoopMerge). We then group these
 // groups into two different sets, one for the first loop and one for the
 // second.
 //
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@
   for (Function& f : *context()->module()) {
     // We collect all the inner most loops in the function and run the loop
     // splitting util on each. The reason we do this is to allow us to iterate
-    // over each, as creating new loops will invalidate the the loop iterator.
+    // over each, as creating new loops will invalidate the loop iterator.
     std::vector<Loop*> inner_most_loops{};
     LoopDescriptor& loop_descriptor = *context()->GetLoopDescriptor(&f);
     for (Loop& loop : loop_descriptor) {
diff --git a/source/opt/loop_fission.h b/source/opt/loop_fission.h
index e7a59c1..9bc12c0 100644
--- a/source/opt/loop_fission.h
+++ b/source/opt/loop_fission.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
 class LoopFissionPass : public Pass {
  public:
-  // Fuction used to determine if a given loop should be split. Takes register
+  // Function used to determine if a given loop should be split. Takes register
   // pressure region for that loop as a parameter and returns true if the loop
   // should be split.
   using FissionCriteriaFunction =
diff --git a/source/opt/loop_fusion.cpp b/source/opt/loop_fusion.cpp
index 07d171a..f3aab28 100644
--- a/source/opt/loop_fusion.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/loop_fusion.cpp
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
 
   // Check adjacency, |loop_0_| should come just before |loop_1_|.
   // There is always at least one block between loops, even if it's empty.
-  // We'll check at most 2 preceeding blocks.
+  // We'll check at most 2 preceding blocks.
 
   auto pre_header_1 = loop_1_->GetPreHeaderBlock();
 
@@ -712,7 +712,7 @@
 
   ld->RemoveLoop(loop_1_);
 
-  // Kill unnessecary instructions and remove all empty blocks.
+  // Kill unnecessary instructions and remove all empty blocks.
   for (auto inst : instr_to_delete) {
     context_->KillInst(inst);
   }
diff --git a/source/opt/loop_fusion.h b/source/opt/loop_fusion.h
index d61d678..769da5f 100644
--- a/source/opt/loop_fusion.h
+++ b/source/opt/loop_fusion.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
   // That means:
   //   * they both have one induction variable
   //   * they have the same upper and lower bounds
-  //     - same inital value
+  //     - same initial value
   //     - same condition
   //   * they have the same update step
   //   * they are adjacent, with |loop_0| appearing before |loop_1|
diff --git a/source/opt/loop_fusion_pass.h b/source/opt/loop_fusion_pass.h
index 3a0be60..9d5b7cc 100644
--- a/source/opt/loop_fusion_pass.h
+++ b/source/opt/loop_fusion_pass.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
   // Processes the given |module|. Returns Status::Failure if errors occur when
   // processing. Returns the corresponding Status::Success if processing is
-  // succesful to indicate whether changes have been made to the modue.
+  // successful to indicate whether changes have been made to the module.
   Status Process() override;
 
  private:
diff --git a/source/opt/loop_peeling.h b/source/opt/loop_peeling.h
index 413f896..2a55fe4 100644
--- a/source/opt/loop_peeling.h
+++ b/source/opt/loop_peeling.h
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@
 
   // Processes the given |module|. Returns Status::Failure if errors occur when
   // processing. Returns the corresponding Status::Success if processing is
-  // succesful to indicate whether changes have been made to the modue.
+  // successful to indicate whether changes have been made to the module.
   Pass::Status Process() override;
 
  private:
diff --git a/source/opt/loop_unroller.cpp b/source/opt/loop_unroller.cpp
index aff191f..28ff072 100644
--- a/source/opt/loop_unroller.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/loop_unroller.cpp
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
 };
 
 // This class implements the actual unrolling. It uses a LoopUnrollState to
-// maintain the state of the unrolling inbetween steps.
+// maintain the state of the unrolling in between steps.
 class LoopUnrollerUtilsImpl {
  public:
   using BasicBlockListTy = std::vector<std::unique_ptr<BasicBlock>>;
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@
   // Add all blocks_to_add_ to function_ at the |insert_point|.
   void AddBlocksToFunction(const BasicBlock* insert_point);
 
-  // Duplicates the |old_loop|, cloning each body and remaping the ids without
+  // Duplicates the |old_loop|, cloning each body and remapping the ids without
   // removing instructions or changing relative structure. Result will be stored
   // in |new_loop|.
   void DuplicateLoop(Loop* old_loop, Loop* new_loop);
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@
   // Remap all the in |basic_block| to new IDs and keep the mapping of new ids
   // to old
   // ids. |loop| is used to identify special loop blocks (header, continue,
-  // ect).
+  // etc).
   void AssignNewResultIds(BasicBlock* basic_block);
 
   // Using the map built by AssignNewResultIds, replace the uses in |inst|
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@
   // and then be remapped at the end.
   std::vector<Instruction*> loop_phi_instructions_;
 
-  // The number of loop iterations that the loop would preform pre-unroll.
+  // The number of loop iterations that the loop would perform pre-unroll.
   size_t number_of_loop_iterations_;
 
   // The amount that the loop steps each iteration.
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@
   new_loop->SetMergeBlock(new_merge);
 }
 
-// Whenever the utility copies a block it stores it in a tempory buffer, this
+// Whenever the utility copies a block it stores it in a temporary buffer, this
 // function adds the buffer into the Function. The blocks will be inserted
 // after the block |insert_point|.
 void LoopUnrollerUtilsImpl::AddBlocksToFunction(
diff --git a/source/opt/loop_unswitch_pass.cpp b/source/opt/loop_unswitch_pass.cpp
index d805ecf..1ee7e5e 100644
--- a/source/opt/loop_unswitch_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/loop_unswitch_pass.cpp
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
 
     // Find a value that can be used to select the default path.
     // If none are possible, then it will just use 0.  The value does not matter
-    // because this path will never be taken becaues the new switch outside of
+    // because this path will never be taken because the new switch outside of
     // the loop cannot select this path either.
     std::vector<uint32_t> existing_values;
     for (uint32_t i = 2; i < switch_inst->NumInOperands(); i += 2) {
diff --git a/source/opt/loop_unswitch_pass.h b/source/opt/loop_unswitch_pass.h
index 3ecdd61..4f7295d 100644
--- a/source/opt/loop_unswitch_pass.h
+++ b/source/opt/loop_unswitch_pass.h
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 
   // Processes the given |module|. Returns Status::Failure if errors occur when
   // processing. Returns the corresponding Status::Success if processing is
-  // succesful to indicate whether changes have been made to the modue.
+  // successful to indicate whether changes have been made to the module.
   Pass::Status Process() override;
 
  private:
diff --git a/source/opt/loop_utils.h b/source/opt/loop_utils.h
index a4e6190..70060fc 100644
--- a/source/opt/loop_utils.h
+++ b/source/opt/loop_utils.h
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
   // Clone the |loop_| and make the new loop branch to the second loop on exit.
   Loop* CloneAndAttachLoopToHeader(LoopCloningResult* cloning_result);
 
-  // Perfom a partial unroll of |loop| by given |factor|. This will copy the
+  // Perform a partial unroll of |loop| by given |factor|. This will copy the
   // body of the loop |factor| times. So a |factor| of one would give a new loop
   // with the original body plus one unrolled copy body.
   bool PartiallyUnroll(size_t factor);
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
   // 1. That the loop is in structured order.
   // 2. That the continue block is a branch to the header.
   // 3. That the only phi used in the loop is the induction variable.
-  //  TODO(stephen@codeplay.com): This is a temporary mesure, after the loop is
+  //  TODO(stephen@codeplay.com): This is a temporary measure, after the loop is
   //  converted into LCSAA form and has a single entry and exit we can rewrite
   //  the other phis.
   // 4. That this is an inner most loop, or that loops contained within this
diff --git a/source/opt/merge_return_pass.cpp b/source/opt/merge_return_pass.cpp
index a962a7c..7710dea 100644
--- a/source/opt/merge_return_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/merge_return_pass.cpp
@@ -431,6 +431,7 @@
     std::list<BasicBlock*>* order, Instruction* break_merge_inst) {
   // Make sure the CFG is build here.  If we don't then it becomes very hard
   // to know which new blocks need to be updated.
+  context()->InvalidateAnalyses(IRContext::kAnalysisCFG);
   context()->BuildInvalidAnalyses(IRContext::kAnalysisCFG);
 
   // When predicating, be aware of whether this block is a header block, a
diff --git a/source/opt/merge_return_pass.h b/source/opt/merge_return_pass.h
index 4096ce7..a35cf26 100644
--- a/source/opt/merge_return_pass.h
+++ b/source/opt/merge_return_pass.h
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@
 
   // Add new phi nodes for any id that no longer dominate all of it uses.  A phi
   // node is added to a block |bb| for an id if the id is defined between the
-  // original immediate dominator of |bb| and its new immidiate dominator.  It
+  // original immediate dominator of |bb| and its new immediate dominator.  It
   // is assumed that at this point there are no unreachable blocks in the
   // control flow graph.
   void AddNewPhiNodes();
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@
   void InsertAfterElement(BasicBlock* element, BasicBlock* new_element,
                           std::list<BasicBlock*>* list);
 
-  // Creates a single case switch around all of the exectuable code of the
+  // Creates a single case switch around all of the executable code of the
   // current function where the switch and case value are both zero and the
   // default is the merge block. Returns after the switch is executed. Sets
   // |final_return_block_|.
diff --git a/source/opt/module.cpp b/source/opt/module.cpp
index f97defb..5983abb 100644
--- a/source/opt/module.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/module.cpp
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
   // TODO(antiagainst): should we change the generator number?
   binary->push_back(header_.generator);
   binary->push_back(header_.bound);
-  binary->push_back(header_.reserved);
+  binary->push_back(header_.schema);
 
   size_t bound_idx = binary->size() - 2;
   DebugScope last_scope(kNoDebugScope, kNoInlinedAt);
@@ -260,9 +260,7 @@
 
 uint32_t Module::GetExtInstImportId(const char* extstr) {
   for (auto& ei : ext_inst_imports_)
-    if (!strcmp(extstr,
-                reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&(ei.GetInOperand(0).words[0]))))
-      return ei.result_id();
+    if (!ei.GetInOperand(0).AsString().compare(extstr)) return ei.result_id();
   return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/source/opt/module.h b/source/opt/module.h
index 0360b7d..230be70 100644
--- a/source/opt/module.h
+++ b/source/opt/module.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
   uint32_t version;
   uint32_t generator;
   uint32_t bound;
-  uint32_t reserved;
+  uint32_t schema;
 };
 
 // A SPIR-V module. It contains all the information for a SPIR-V module and
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
   }
 
   // Returns the Id bound.
-  uint32_t IdBound() { return header_.bound; }
+  uint32_t IdBound() const { return header_.bound; }
 
   // Returns the current Id bound and increases it to the next available value.
   // If the id bound has already reached its maximum value, then 0 is returned.
@@ -141,6 +141,8 @@
   inline uint32_t id_bound() const { return header_.bound; }
 
   inline uint32_t version() const { return header_.version; }
+  inline uint32_t generator() const { return header_.generator; }
+  inline uint32_t schema() const { return header_.schema; }
 
   inline void set_version(uint32_t v) { header_.version = v; }
 
diff --git a/source/opt/optimizer.cpp b/source/opt/optimizer.cpp
index e74db26..f28b1ba 100644
--- a/source/opt/optimizer.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/optimizer.cpp
@@ -288,6 +288,8 @@
     RegisterPass(CreateStripDebugInfoPass());
   } else if (pass_name == "strip-reflect") {
     RegisterPass(CreateStripReflectInfoPass());
+  } else if (pass_name == "strip-nonsemantic") {
+    RegisterPass(CreateStripNonSemanticInfoPass());
   } else if (pass_name == "set-spec-const-default-value") {
     if (pass_args.size() > 0) {
       auto spec_ids_vals =
@@ -322,6 +324,8 @@
     RegisterPass(CreateLocalAccessChainConvertPass());
   } else if (pass_name == "replace-desc-array-access-using-var-index") {
     RegisterPass(CreateReplaceDescArrayAccessUsingVarIndexPass());
+  } else if (pass_name == "spread-volatile-semantics") {
+    RegisterPass(CreateSpreadVolatileSemanticsPass());
   } else if (pass_name == "descriptor-scalar-replacement") {
     RegisterPass(CreateDescriptorScalarReplacementPass());
   } else if (pass_name == "eliminate-dead-code-aggressive") {
@@ -517,6 +521,10 @@
     RegisterPass(CreateAmdExtToKhrPass());
   } else if (pass_name == "interpolate-fixup") {
     RegisterPass(CreateInterpolateFixupPass());
+  } else if (pass_name == "remove-dont-inline") {
+    RegisterPass(CreateRemoveDontInlinePass());
+  } else if (pass_name == "eliminate-dead-input-components") {
+    RegisterPass(CreateEliminateDeadInputComponentsPass());
   } else if (pass_name == "convert-to-sampled-image") {
     if (pass_args.size() > 0) {
       auto descriptor_set_binding_pairs =
@@ -653,8 +661,12 @@
 }
 
 Optimizer::PassToken CreateStripReflectInfoPass() {
+  return CreateStripNonSemanticInfoPass();
+}
+
+Optimizer::PassToken CreateStripNonSemanticInfoPass() {
   return MakeUnique<Optimizer::PassToken::Impl>(
-      MakeUnique<opt::StripReflectInfoPass>());
+      MakeUnique<opt::StripNonSemanticInfoPass>());
 }
 
 Optimizer::PassToken CreateEliminateDeadFunctionsPass() {
@@ -764,6 +776,11 @@
       MakeUnique<opt::SSARewritePass>());
 }
 
+Optimizer::PassToken CreateAggressiveDCEPass() {
+  return MakeUnique<Optimizer::PassToken::Impl>(
+      MakeUnique<opt::AggressiveDCEPass>(false));
+}
+
 Optimizer::PassToken CreateAggressiveDCEPass(bool preserve_interface) {
   return MakeUnique<Optimizer::PassToken::Impl>(
       MakeUnique<opt::AggressiveDCEPass>(preserve_interface));
@@ -965,6 +982,11 @@
       MakeUnique<opt::ReplaceDescArrayAccessUsingVarIndex>());
 }
 
+Optimizer::PassToken CreateSpreadVolatileSemanticsPass() {
+  return MakeUnique<Optimizer::PassToken::Impl>(
+      MakeUnique<opt::SpreadVolatileSemantics>());
+}
+
 Optimizer::PassToken CreateDescriptorScalarReplacementPass() {
   return MakeUnique<Optimizer::PassToken::Impl>(
       MakeUnique<opt::DescriptorScalarReplacement>());
@@ -984,6 +1006,11 @@
       MakeUnique<opt::InterpFixupPass>());
 }
 
+Optimizer::PassToken CreateEliminateDeadInputComponentsPass() {
+  return MakeUnique<Optimizer::PassToken::Impl>(
+      MakeUnique<opt::EliminateDeadInputComponentsPass>());
+}
+
 Optimizer::PassToken CreateConvertToSampledImagePass(
     const std::vector<opt::DescriptorSetAndBinding>&
         descriptor_set_binding_pairs) {
@@ -991,4 +1018,8 @@
       MakeUnique<opt::ConvertToSampledImagePass>(descriptor_set_binding_pairs));
 }
 
+Optimizer::PassToken CreateRemoveDontInlinePass() {
+  return MakeUnique<Optimizer::PassToken::Impl>(
+      MakeUnique<opt::RemoveDontInline>());
+}
 }  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/source/opt/pass.h b/source/opt/pass.h
index a8c9c4b..b2303e2 100644
--- a/source/opt/pass.h
+++ b/source/opt/pass.h
@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@
 #include "spirv-tools/libspirv.hpp"
 #include "types.h"
 
+// Avoid unused variable warning/error on Linux
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+#define USE_ASSERT(x) assert(x)
+#else
+#define USE_ASSERT(x) ((void)(x))
+#endif
+
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace opt {
 
@@ -129,7 +136,7 @@
 
   // Processes the given |module|. Returns Status::Failure if errors occur when
   // processing. Returns the corresponding Status::Success if processing is
-  // succesful to indicate whether changes are made to the module.
+  // successful to indicate whether changes are made to the module.
   virtual Status Process() = 0;
 
   // Return the next available SSA id and increment it.
diff --git a/source/opt/pass_manager.cpp b/source/opt/pass_manager.cpp
index be53d34..a73ff7c 100644
--- a/source/opt/pass_manager.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/pass_manager.cpp
@@ -35,10 +35,18 @@
     if (print_all_stream_) {
       std::vector<uint32_t> binary;
       context->module()->ToBinary(&binary, false);
-      SpirvTools t(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2);
+      SpirvTools t(target_env_);
+      t.SetMessageConsumer(consumer());
       std::string disassembly;
-      t.Disassemble(binary, &disassembly, 0);
-      *print_all_stream_ << preamble << (pass ? pass->name() : "") << "\n"
+      std::string pass_name = (pass ? pass->name() : "");
+      if (!t.Disassemble(binary, &disassembly, 0)) {
+        std::string msg = "Disassembly failed before pass ";
+        msg += pass_name + "\n";
+        spv_position_t null_pos{0, 0, 0};
+        consumer()(SPV_MSG_WARNING, "", null_pos, msg.c_str());
+        return;
+      }
+      *print_all_stream_ << preamble << pass_name << "\n"
                          << disassembly << std::endl;
     }
   };
diff --git a/source/opt/pass_manager.h b/source/opt/pass_manager.h
index 9686ddd..11961a3 100644
--- a/source/opt/pass_manager.h
+++ b/source/opt/pass_manager.h
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
   // Adds an externally constructed pass.
   void AddPass(std::unique_ptr<Pass> pass);
   // Uses the argument |args| to construct a pass instance of type |T|, and adds
-  // the pass instance to this pass manger. The pass added will use this pass
+  // the pass instance to this pass manager. The pass added will use this pass
   // manager's message consumer.
   template <typename T, typename... Args>
   void AddPass(Args&&... args);
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
   // Runs all passes on the given |module|. Returns Status::Failure if errors
   // occur when processing using one of the registered passes. All passes
   // registered after the error-reporting pass will be skipped. Returns the
-  // corresponding Status::Success if processing is succesful to indicate
+  // corresponding Status::Success if processing is successful to indicate
   // whether changes are made to the module.
   //
   // After running all the passes, they are removed from the list.
diff --git a/source/opt/passes.h b/source/opt/passes.h
index f3c30d5..a12c76b 100644
--- a/source/opt/passes.h
+++ b/source/opt/passes.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include "source/opt/desc_sroa.h"
 #include "source/opt/eliminate_dead_constant_pass.h"
 #include "source/opt/eliminate_dead_functions_pass.h"
+#include "source/opt/eliminate_dead_input_components_pass.h"
 #include "source/opt/eliminate_dead_members_pass.h"
 #include "source/opt/empty_pass.h"
 #include "source/opt/fix_storage_class.h"
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@
 #include "source/opt/reduce_load_size.h"
 #include "source/opt/redundancy_elimination.h"
 #include "source/opt/relax_float_ops_pass.h"
+#include "source/opt/remove_dontinline_pass.h"
 #include "source/opt/remove_duplicates_pass.h"
 #include "source/opt/remove_unused_interface_variables_pass.h"
 #include "source/opt/replace_desc_array_access_using_var_index.h"
@@ -71,10 +73,11 @@
 #include "source/opt/scalar_replacement_pass.h"
 #include "source/opt/set_spec_constant_default_value_pass.h"
 #include "source/opt/simplification_pass.h"
+#include "source/opt/spread_volatile_semantics.h"
 #include "source/opt/ssa_rewrite_pass.h"
 #include "source/opt/strength_reduction_pass.h"
 #include "source/opt/strip_debug_info_pass.h"
-#include "source/opt/strip_reflect_info_pass.h"
+#include "source/opt/strip_nonsemantic_info_pass.h"
 #include "source/opt/unify_const_pass.h"
 #include "source/opt/upgrade_memory_model.h"
 #include "source/opt/vector_dce.h"
diff --git a/source/opt/private_to_local_pass.cpp b/source/opt/private_to_local_pass.cpp
index 12a226d..80fb4c5 100644
--- a/source/opt/private_to_local_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/private_to_local_pass.cpp
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
   // Place the variable at the start of the first basic block.
   context()->AnalyzeUses(variable);
   context()->set_instr_block(variable, &*function->begin());
-  function->begin()->begin()->InsertBefore(move(var));
+  function->begin()->begin()->InsertBefore(std::move(var));
 
   // Update uses where the type may have changed.
   return UpdateUses(variable);
diff --git a/source/opt/private_to_local_pass.h b/source/opt/private_to_local_pass.h
index c6127d6..e96a965 100644
--- a/source/opt/private_to_local_pass.h
+++ b/source/opt/private_to_local_pass.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
   // class of |function|.  Returns false if the variable could not be moved.
   bool MoveVariable(Instruction* variable, Function* function);
 
-  // |inst| is an instruction declaring a varible.  If that variable is
+  // |inst| is an instruction declaring a variable.  If that variable is
   // referenced in a single function and all of uses are valid as defined by
   // |IsValidUse|, then that function is returned.  Otherwise, the return
   // value is |nullptr|.
diff --git a/source/opt/redundancy_elimination.h b/source/opt/redundancy_elimination.h
index 91809b5..40451f4 100644
--- a/source/opt/redundancy_elimination.h
+++ b/source/opt/redundancy_elimination.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
   // in the function containing |bb|.
   //
   // |value_to_ids| is a map from value number to ids.  If {vn, id} is in
-  // |value_to_ids| then vn is the value number of id, and the defintion of id
+  // |value_to_ids| then vn is the value number of id, and the definition of id
   // dominates |bb|.
   //
   // Returns true if at least one instruction is deleted.
diff --git a/source/opt/register_pressure.cpp b/source/opt/register_pressure.cpp
index 5750c6d..1ad3373 100644
--- a/source/opt/register_pressure.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/register_pressure.cpp
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@
   // The loop fusion is injecting the l1 before the l2, the latch of l1 will be
   // connected to the header of l2.
   // To compute the register usage, we inject the loop live-in (union of l1 and
-  // l2 live-in header blocks) into the the live in/out of each basic block of
+  // l2 live-in header blocks) into the live in/out of each basic block of
   // l1 to get the peak register usage. We then repeat the operation to for l2
   // basic blocks but in this case we inject the live-out of the latch of l1.
   auto live_loop = MakeFilterIteratorRange(
diff --git a/source/opt/remove_dontinline_pass.cpp b/source/opt/remove_dontinline_pass.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4dd1cd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/opt/remove_dontinline_pass.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "source/opt/remove_dontinline_pass.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace opt {
+
+Pass::Status RemoveDontInline::Process() {
+  bool modified = false;
+  modified = ClearDontInlineFunctionControl();
+  return (modified ? Status::SuccessWithChange : Status::SuccessWithoutChange);
+}
+
+bool RemoveDontInline::ClearDontInlineFunctionControl() {
+  bool modified = false;
+  for (auto& func : *get_module()) {
+    ClearDontInlineFunctionControl(&func);
+  }
+  return modified;
+}
+
+bool RemoveDontInline::ClearDontInlineFunctionControl(Function* function) {
+  constexpr uint32_t kFunctionControlInOperandIdx = 0;
+  Instruction* function_inst = &function->DefInst();
+  uint32_t function_control =
+      function_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(kFunctionControlInOperandIdx);
+
+  if ((function_control & SpvFunctionControlDontInlineMask) == 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  function_control &= ~SpvFunctionControlDontInlineMask;
+  function_inst->SetInOperand(kFunctionControlInOperandIdx, {function_control});
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace opt
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/source/opt/remove_dontinline_pass.h b/source/opt/remove_dontinline_pass.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1624319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/opt/remove_dontinline_pass.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef SOURCE_OPT_REMOVE_DONTINLINE_PASS_H_
+#define SOURCE_OPT_REMOVE_DONTINLINE_PASS_H_
+
+#include "source/opt/pass.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace opt {
+
+// See optimizer.hpp for documentation.
+class RemoveDontInline : public Pass {
+ public:
+  const char* name() const override { return "remove-dont-inline"; }
+  Status Process() override;
+
+ private:
+  // Clears the DontInline function control from every function in the module.
+  // Returns true of a change was made.
+  bool ClearDontInlineFunctionControl();
+
+  // Clears the DontInline function control from |function|.
+  // Returns true of a change was made.
+  bool ClearDontInlineFunctionControl(Function* function);
+};
+
+}  // namespace opt
+}  // namespace spvtools
+
+#endif  // SOURCE_OPT_REMOVE_DONTINLINE_PASS_H_
diff --git a/source/opt/remove_duplicates_pass.cpp b/source/opt/remove_duplicates_pass.cpp
index 0e65cc8..1ed8e2a 100644
--- a/source/opt/remove_duplicates_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/remove_duplicates_pass.cpp
@@ -72,9 +72,8 @@
 
   std::unordered_map<std::string, SpvId> ext_inst_imports;
   for (auto* i = &*context()->ext_inst_import_begin(); i;) {
-    auto res = ext_inst_imports.emplace(
-        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(i->GetInOperand(0u).words.data()),
-        i->result_id());
+    auto res = ext_inst_imports.emplace(i->GetInOperand(0u).AsString(),
+                                        i->result_id());
     if (res.second) {
       // Never seen before, keep it.
       i = i->NextNode();
diff --git a/source/opt/replace_desc_array_access_using_var_index.cpp b/source/opt/replace_desc_array_access_using_var_index.cpp
index 1082e67..4cadf60 100644
--- a/source/opt/replace_desc_array_access_using_var_index.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/replace_desc_array_access_using_var_index.cpp
@@ -253,8 +253,12 @@
     Instruction* access_chain_final_user, Instruction* access_chain,
     uint32_t number_of_elements,
     const std::deque<Instruction*>& insts_to_be_cloned) const {
-  // Create merge block and add terminator
   auto* block = context()->get_instr_block(access_chain_final_user);
+  // If the instruction does not belong to a block (i.e. in the case of
+  // OpDecorate), no replacement is needed.
+  if (!block) return;
+
+  // Create merge block and add terminator
   auto* merge_block = SeparateInstructionsIntoNewBlock(
       block, access_chain_final_user->NextNode());
 
diff --git a/source/opt/replace_desc_array_access_using_var_index.h b/source/opt/replace_desc_array_access_using_var_index.h
index e18222c..0c97f7e 100644
--- a/source/opt/replace_desc_array_access_using_var_index.h
+++ b/source/opt/replace_desc_array_access_using_var_index.h
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
   }
 
  private:
-  // Replaces all acceses to |var| using variable indices with constant
+  // Replaces all accesses to |var| using variable indices with constant
   // elements of the array |var|. Creates switch-case statements to determine
   // the value of the variable index for all the possible cases. Returns
   // whether replacement is done or not.
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
   // Creates and adds an OpSwitch used for the selection of OpAccessChain whose
   // first Indexes operand is |access_chain_index_var_id|. The OpSwitch will be
   // added at the end of |parent_block|. It will jump to |default_id| for the
-  // default case and jumps to one of case blocks whoes ids are |case_block_ids|
+  // default case and jumps to one of case blocks whose ids are |case_block_ids|
   // if |access_chain_index_var_id| matches the case number. |merge_id| is the
   // merge block id.
   void AddSwitchForAccessChain(
diff --git a/source/opt/replace_invalid_opc.cpp b/source/opt/replace_invalid_opc.cpp
index e3b9d3e..1dcd06f 100644
--- a/source/opt/replace_invalid_opc.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/replace_invalid_opc.cpp
@@ -112,8 +112,7 @@
             }
             Instruction* file_name =
                 context()->get_def_use_mgr()->GetDef(file_name_id);
-            const char* source = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(
-                &file_name->GetInOperand(0).words[0]);
+            const std::string source = file_name->GetInOperand(0).AsString();
 
             // Get the line number and column number.
             uint32_t line_number =
@@ -121,7 +120,7 @@
             uint32_t col_number = last_line_dbg_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(2);
 
             // Replace the instruction.
-            ReplaceInstruction(inst, source, line_number, col_number);
+            ReplaceInstruction(inst, source.c_str(), line_number, col_number);
           }
         }
       },
diff --git a/source/opt/scalar_analysis.cpp b/source/opt/scalar_analysis.cpp
index 38555e6..2b0a824 100644
--- a/source/opt/scalar_analysis.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/scalar_analysis.cpp
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@
 
 // Implements the hashing of SENodes.
 size_t SENodeHash::operator()(const SENode* node) const {
-  // Concatinate the terms into a string which we can hash.
+  // Concatenate the terms into a string which we can hash.
   std::u32string hash_string{};
 
   // Hashing the type as a string is safer than hashing the enum as the enum is
diff --git a/source/opt/scalar_analysis_nodes.h b/source/opt/scalar_analysis_nodes.h
index b0e3fef..91ce446 100644
--- a/source/opt/scalar_analysis_nodes.h
+++ b/source/opt/scalar_analysis_nodes.h
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
   const ChildContainerType& GetChildren() const { return children_; }
   ChildContainerType& GetChildren() { return children_; }
 
-  // Return true if this node is a cant compute node.
+  // Return true if this node is a can't compute node.
   bool IsCantCompute() const { return GetType() == CanNotCompute; }
 
 // Implements a casting method for each type.
diff --git a/source/opt/scalar_analysis_simplification.cpp b/source/opt/scalar_analysis_simplification.cpp
index 52f2d6a..3c1ecc0 100644
--- a/source/opt/scalar_analysis_simplification.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/scalar_analysis_simplification.cpp
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
 
  private:
   // Recursively descend through the graph to build up the accumulator objects
-  // which are used to flatten the graph. |child| is the node currenty being
+  // which are used to flatten the graph. |child| is the node currently being
   // traversed and the |negation| flag is used to signify that this operation
   // was preceded by a unary negative operation and as such the result should be
   // negated.
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
   // offset.
   SENode* EliminateZeroCoefficientRecurrents(SENode* node);
 
-  // A reference the the analysis which requested the simplification.
+  // A reference the analysis which requested the simplification.
   ScalarEvolutionAnalysis& analysis_;
 
   // The node being simplified.
diff --git a/source/opt/scalar_replacement_pass.cpp b/source/opt/scalar_replacement_pass.cpp
index 4d6a7aa..e27c828 100644
--- a/source/opt/scalar_replacement_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/scalar_replacement_pass.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "source/opt/reflect.h"
 #include "source/opt/types.h"
 #include "source/util/make_unique.h"
+#include "types.h"
 
 static const uint32_t kDebugValueOperandValueIndex = 5;
 static const uint32_t kDebugValueOperandExpressionIndex = 6;
@@ -395,7 +396,7 @@
             if (!components_used || components_used->count(elem)) {
               CreateVariable(*id, inst, elem, replacements);
             } else {
-              replacements->push_back(CreateNullConstant(*id));
+              replacements->push_back(GetUndef(*id));
             }
             elem++;
           });
@@ -406,8 +407,8 @@
           CreateVariable(type->GetSingleWordInOperand(0u), inst, i,
                          replacements);
         } else {
-          replacements->push_back(
-              CreateNullConstant(type->GetSingleWordInOperand(0u)));
+          uint32_t element_type_id = type->GetSingleWordInOperand(0);
+          replacements->push_back(GetUndef(element_type_id));
         }
       }
       break;
@@ -429,6 +430,10 @@
          replacements->end();
 }
 
+Instruction* ScalarReplacementPass::GetUndef(uint32_t type_id) {
+  return get_def_use_mgr()->GetDef(Type2Undef(type_id));
+}
+
 void ScalarReplacementPass::TransferAnnotations(
     const Instruction* source, std::vector<Instruction*>* replacements) {
   // Only transfer invariant and restrict decorations on the variable. There are
@@ -981,20 +986,6 @@
   return result;
 }
 
-Instruction* ScalarReplacementPass::CreateNullConstant(uint32_t type_id) {
-  analysis::TypeManager* type_mgr = context()->get_type_mgr();
-  analysis::ConstantManager* const_mgr = context()->get_constant_mgr();
-
-  const analysis::Type* type = type_mgr->GetType(type_id);
-  const analysis::Constant* null_const = const_mgr->GetConstant(type, {});
-  Instruction* null_inst =
-      const_mgr->GetDefiningInstruction(null_const, type_id);
-  if (null_inst != nullptr) {
-    context()->UpdateDefUse(null_inst);
-  }
-  return null_inst;
-}
-
 uint64_t ScalarReplacementPass::GetMaxLegalIndex(
     const Instruction* var_inst) const {
   assert(var_inst->opcode() == SpvOpVariable &&
diff --git a/source/opt/scalar_replacement_pass.h b/source/opt/scalar_replacement_pass.h
index 0928830..76afc26 100644
--- a/source/opt/scalar_replacement_pass.h
+++ b/source/opt/scalar_replacement_pass.h
@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "source/opt/function.h"
-#include "source/opt/pass.h"
+#include "source/opt/mem_pass.h"
 #include "source/opt/type_manager.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace opt {
 
 // Documented in optimizer.hpp
-class ScalarReplacementPass : public Pass {
+class ScalarReplacementPass : public MemPass {
  private:
   static const uint32_t kDefaultLimit = 100;
 
@@ -234,10 +234,8 @@
   std::unique_ptr<std::unordered_set<int64_t>> GetUsedComponents(
       Instruction* inst);
 
-  // Returns an instruction defining a null constant with type |type_id|.  If
-  // one already exists, it is returned.  Otherwise a new one is created.
-  // Returns |nullptr| if the new constant could not be created.
-  Instruction* CreateNullConstant(uint32_t type_id);
+  // Returns an instruction defining an undefined value type |type_id|.
+  Instruction* GetUndef(uint32_t type_id);
 
   // Maps storage type to a pointer type enclosing that type.
   std::unordered_map<uint32_t, uint32_t> pointee_to_pointer_;
diff --git a/source/opt/spread_volatile_semantics.cpp b/source/opt/spread_volatile_semantics.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1d3432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/opt/spread_volatile_semantics.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "source/opt/spread_volatile_semantics.h"
+
+#include "source/opt/decoration_manager.h"
+#include "source/opt/ir_builder.h"
+#include "source/spirv_constant.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace opt {
+namespace {
+
+const uint32_t kOpDecorateInOperandBuiltinDecoration = 2u;
+const uint32_t kOpLoadInOperandMemoryOperands = 1u;
+const uint32_t kOpEntryPointInOperandEntryPoint = 1u;
+const uint32_t kOpEntryPointInOperandInterface = 3u;
+
+bool HasBuiltinDecoration(analysis::DecorationManager* decoration_manager,
+                          uint32_t var_id, uint32_t built_in) {
+  return decoration_manager->FindDecoration(
+      var_id, SpvDecorationBuiltIn, [built_in](const Instruction& inst) {
+        return built_in == inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(
+                               kOpDecorateInOperandBuiltinDecoration);
+      });
+}
+
+bool IsBuiltInForRayTracingVolatileSemantics(uint32_t built_in) {
+  switch (built_in) {
+    case SpvBuiltInSMIDNV:
+    case SpvBuiltInWarpIDNV:
+    case SpvBuiltInSubgroupSize:
+    case SpvBuiltInSubgroupLocalInvocationId:
+    case SpvBuiltInSubgroupEqMask:
+    case SpvBuiltInSubgroupGeMask:
+    case SpvBuiltInSubgroupGtMask:
+    case SpvBuiltInSubgroupLeMask:
+    case SpvBuiltInSubgroupLtMask:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool HasBuiltinForRayTracingVolatileSemantics(
+    analysis::DecorationManager* decoration_manager, uint32_t var_id) {
+  return decoration_manager->FindDecoration(
+      var_id, SpvDecorationBuiltIn, [](const Instruction& inst) {
+        uint32_t built_in =
+            inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(kOpDecorateInOperandBuiltinDecoration);
+        return IsBuiltInForRayTracingVolatileSemantics(built_in);
+      });
+}
+
+bool HasVolatileDecoration(analysis::DecorationManager* decoration_manager,
+                           uint32_t var_id) {
+  return decoration_manager->HasDecoration(var_id, SpvDecorationVolatile);
+}
+
+bool HasOnlyEntryPointsAsFunctions(IRContext* context, Module* module) {
+  std::unordered_set<uint32_t> entry_function_ids;
+  for (Instruction& entry_point : module->entry_points()) {
+    entry_function_ids.insert(
+        entry_point.GetSingleWordInOperand(kOpEntryPointInOperandEntryPoint));
+  }
+  for (auto& function : *module) {
+    if (entry_function_ids.find(function.result_id()) ==
+        entry_function_ids.end()) {
+      std::string message(
+          "Functions of SPIR-V for spread-volatile-semantics pass input must "
+          "be inlined except entry points");
+      message += "\n  " + function.DefInst().PrettyPrint(
+                              SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_FRIENDLY_NAMES);
+      context->consumer()(SPV_MSG_ERROR, "", {0, 0, 0}, message.c_str());
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+Pass::Status SpreadVolatileSemantics::Process() {
+  if (HasNoExecutionModel()) {
+    return Status::SuccessWithoutChange;
+  }
+
+  if (!HasOnlyEntryPointsAsFunctions(context(), get_module())) {
+    return Status::Failure;
+  }
+
+  const bool is_vk_memory_model_enabled =
+      context()->get_feature_mgr()->HasCapability(
+          SpvCapabilityVulkanMemoryModel);
+  CollectTargetsForVolatileSemantics(is_vk_memory_model_enabled);
+
+  // If VulkanMemoryModel capability is not enabled, we have to set Volatile
+  // decoration for interface variables instead of setting Volatile for load
+  // instructions. If an interface (or pointers to it) is used by two load
+  // instructions in two entry points and one must be volatile while another
+  // is not, we have to report an error for the conflict.
+  if (!is_vk_memory_model_enabled &&
+      HasInterfaceInConflictOfVolatileSemantics()) {
+    return Status::Failure;
+  }
+
+  return SpreadVolatileSemanticsToVariables(is_vk_memory_model_enabled);
+}
+
+Pass::Status SpreadVolatileSemantics::SpreadVolatileSemanticsToVariables(
+    const bool is_vk_memory_model_enabled) {
+  Status status = Status::SuccessWithoutChange;
+  for (Instruction& var : context()->types_values()) {
+    auto entry_function_ids =
+        EntryFunctionsToSpreadVolatileSemanticsForVar(var.result_id());
+    if (entry_function_ids.empty()) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (is_vk_memory_model_enabled) {
+      SetVolatileForLoadsInEntries(&var, entry_function_ids);
+    } else {
+      DecorateVarWithVolatile(&var);
+    }
+    status = Status::SuccessWithChange;
+  }
+  return status;
+}
+
+bool SpreadVolatileSemantics::IsTargetUsedByNonVolatileLoadInEntryPoint(
+    uint32_t var_id, Instruction* entry_point) {
+  uint32_t entry_function_id =
+      entry_point->GetSingleWordInOperand(kOpEntryPointInOperandEntryPoint);
+  return !VisitLoadsOfPointersToVariableInEntries(
+      var_id,
+      [](Instruction* load) {
+        // If it has a load without volatile memory operand, finish traversal
+        // and return false.
+        if (load->NumInOperands() <= kOpLoadInOperandMemoryOperands) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        uint32_t memory_operands =
+            load->GetSingleWordInOperand(kOpLoadInOperandMemoryOperands);
+        return (memory_operands & SpvMemoryAccessVolatileMask) != 0;
+      },
+      {entry_function_id});
+}
+
+bool SpreadVolatileSemantics::HasInterfaceInConflictOfVolatileSemantics() {
+  for (Instruction& entry_point : get_module()->entry_points()) {
+    SpvExecutionModel execution_model =
+        static_cast<SpvExecutionModel>(entry_point.GetSingleWordInOperand(0));
+    for (uint32_t operand_index = kOpEntryPointInOperandInterface;
+         operand_index < entry_point.NumInOperands(); ++operand_index) {
+      uint32_t var_id = entry_point.GetSingleWordInOperand(operand_index);
+      if (!EntryFunctionsToSpreadVolatileSemanticsForVar(var_id).empty() &&
+          !IsTargetForVolatileSemantics(var_id, execution_model) &&
+          IsTargetUsedByNonVolatileLoadInEntryPoint(var_id, &entry_point)) {
+        Instruction* inst = context()->get_def_use_mgr()->GetDef(var_id);
+        context()->EmitErrorMessage(
+            "Variable is a target for Volatile semantics for an entry point, "
+            "but it is not for another entry point",
+            inst);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+void SpreadVolatileSemantics::MarkVolatileSemanticsForVariable(
+    uint32_t var_id, Instruction* entry_point) {
+  uint32_t entry_function_id =
+      entry_point->GetSingleWordInOperand(kOpEntryPointInOperandEntryPoint);
+  auto itr = var_ids_to_entry_fn_for_volatile_semantics_.find(var_id);
+  if (itr == var_ids_to_entry_fn_for_volatile_semantics_.end()) {
+    var_ids_to_entry_fn_for_volatile_semantics_[var_id] = {entry_function_id};
+    return;
+  }
+  itr->second.insert(entry_function_id);
+}
+
+void SpreadVolatileSemantics::CollectTargetsForVolatileSemantics(
+    const bool is_vk_memory_model_enabled) {
+  for (Instruction& entry_point : get_module()->entry_points()) {
+    SpvExecutionModel execution_model =
+        static_cast<SpvExecutionModel>(entry_point.GetSingleWordInOperand(0));
+    for (uint32_t operand_index = kOpEntryPointInOperandInterface;
+         operand_index < entry_point.NumInOperands(); ++operand_index) {
+      uint32_t var_id = entry_point.GetSingleWordInOperand(operand_index);
+      if (!IsTargetForVolatileSemantics(var_id, execution_model)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (is_vk_memory_model_enabled ||
+          IsTargetUsedByNonVolatileLoadInEntryPoint(var_id, &entry_point)) {
+        MarkVolatileSemanticsForVariable(var_id, &entry_point);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void SpreadVolatileSemantics::DecorateVarWithVolatile(Instruction* var) {
+  analysis::DecorationManager* decoration_manager =
+      context()->get_decoration_mgr();
+  uint32_t var_id = var->result_id();
+  if (HasVolatileDecoration(decoration_manager, var_id)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  get_decoration_mgr()->AddDecoration(
+      SpvOpDecorate, {{spv_operand_type_t::SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ID, {var_id}},
+                      {spv_operand_type_t::SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_INTEGER,
+                       {SpvDecorationVolatile}}});
+}
+
+bool SpreadVolatileSemantics::VisitLoadsOfPointersToVariableInEntries(
+    uint32_t var_id, const std::function<bool(Instruction*)>& handle_load,
+    const std::unordered_set<uint32_t>& entry_function_ids) {
+  std::vector<uint32_t> worklist({var_id});
+  auto* def_use_mgr = context()->get_def_use_mgr();
+  while (!worklist.empty()) {
+    uint32_t ptr_id = worklist.back();
+    worklist.pop_back();
+    bool finish_traversal = !def_use_mgr->WhileEachUser(
+        ptr_id, [this, &worklist, &ptr_id, handle_load,
+                 &entry_function_ids](Instruction* user) {
+          BasicBlock* block = context()->get_instr_block(user);
+          if (block == nullptr ||
+              entry_function_ids.find(block->GetParent()->result_id()) ==
+                  entry_function_ids.end()) {
+            return true;
+          }
+
+          if (user->opcode() == SpvOpAccessChain ||
+              user->opcode() == SpvOpInBoundsAccessChain ||
+              user->opcode() == SpvOpPtrAccessChain ||
+              user->opcode() == SpvOpInBoundsPtrAccessChain ||
+              user->opcode() == SpvOpCopyObject) {
+            if (ptr_id == user->GetSingleWordInOperand(0))
+              worklist.push_back(user->result_id());
+            return true;
+          }
+
+          if (user->opcode() != SpvOpLoad) {
+            return true;
+          }
+
+          return handle_load(user);
+        });
+    if (finish_traversal) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void SpreadVolatileSemantics::SetVolatileForLoadsInEntries(
+    Instruction* var, const std::unordered_set<uint32_t>& entry_function_ids) {
+  // Set Volatile memory operand for all load instructions if they do not have
+  // it.
+  VisitLoadsOfPointersToVariableInEntries(
+      var->result_id(),
+      [](Instruction* load) {
+        if (load->NumInOperands() <= kOpLoadInOperandMemoryOperands) {
+          load->AddOperand(
+              {SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_MEMORY_ACCESS, {SpvMemoryAccessVolatileMask}});
+          return true;
+        }
+        uint32_t memory_operands =
+            load->GetSingleWordInOperand(kOpLoadInOperandMemoryOperands);
+        memory_operands |= SpvMemoryAccessVolatileMask;
+        load->SetInOperand(kOpLoadInOperandMemoryOperands, {memory_operands});
+        return true;
+      },
+      entry_function_ids);
+}
+
+bool SpreadVolatileSemantics::IsTargetForVolatileSemantics(
+    uint32_t var_id, SpvExecutionModel execution_model) {
+  analysis::DecorationManager* decoration_manager =
+      context()->get_decoration_mgr();
+  if (execution_model == SpvExecutionModelFragment) {
+    return get_module()->version() >= SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_WORD(1, 6) &&
+           HasBuiltinDecoration(decoration_manager, var_id,
+                                SpvBuiltInHelperInvocation);
+  }
+
+  if (execution_model == SpvExecutionModelIntersectionKHR ||
+      execution_model == SpvExecutionModelIntersectionNV) {
+    if (HasBuiltinDecoration(decoration_manager, var_id,
+                             SpvBuiltInRayTmaxKHR)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  switch (execution_model) {
+    case SpvExecutionModelRayGenerationKHR:
+    case SpvExecutionModelClosestHitKHR:
+    case SpvExecutionModelMissKHR:
+    case SpvExecutionModelCallableKHR:
+    case SpvExecutionModelIntersectionKHR:
+      return HasBuiltinForRayTracingVolatileSemantics(decoration_manager,
+                                                      var_id);
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace opt
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/source/opt/spread_volatile_semantics.h b/source/opt/spread_volatile_semantics.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..531a21d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/opt/spread_volatile_semantics.h
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef SOURCE_OPT_SPREAD_VOLATILE_SEMANTICS_H_
+#define SOURCE_OPT_SPREAD_VOLATILE_SEMANTICS_H_
+
+#include "source/opt/pass.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace opt {
+
+// See optimizer.hpp for documentation.
+class SpreadVolatileSemantics : public Pass {
+ public:
+  SpreadVolatileSemantics() {}
+
+  const char* name() const override { return "spread-volatile-semantics"; }
+
+  Status Process() override;
+
+  IRContext::Analysis GetPreservedAnalyses() override {
+    return IRContext::kAnalysisDefUse | IRContext::kAnalysisDecorations |
+           IRContext::kAnalysisInstrToBlockMapping;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Returns true if it does not have an execution model. Linkage shaders do not
+  // have an execution model.
+  bool HasNoExecutionModel() {
+    return get_module()->entry_points().empty() &&
+           context()->get_feature_mgr()->HasCapability(SpvCapabilityLinkage);
+  }
+
+  // Iterates interface variables and spreads the Volatile semantics if it has
+  // load instructions for the Volatile semantics.
+  Pass::Status SpreadVolatileSemanticsToVariables(
+      const bool is_vk_memory_model_enabled);
+
+  // Returns whether |var_id| is the result id of a target builtin variable for
+  // the volatile semantics for |execution_model| based on the Vulkan spec
+  // VUID-StandaloneSpirv-VulkanMemoryModel-04678 or
+  // VUID-StandaloneSpirv-VulkanMemoryModel-04679.
+  bool IsTargetForVolatileSemantics(uint32_t var_id,
+                                    SpvExecutionModel execution_model);
+
+  // Collects interface variables that need the volatile semantics.
+  // |is_vk_memory_model_enabled| is true if VulkanMemoryModel capability is
+  // enabled.
+  void CollectTargetsForVolatileSemantics(
+      const bool is_vk_memory_model_enabled);
+
+  // Reports an error if an interface variable is used by two entry points and
+  // it needs the Volatile decoration for one but not for another. Returns true
+  // if the error must be reported.
+  bool HasInterfaceInConflictOfVolatileSemantics();
+
+  // Returns whether the variable whose result is |var_id| is used by a
+  // non-volatile load or a pointer to it is used by a non-volatile load in
+  // |entry_point| or not.
+  bool IsTargetUsedByNonVolatileLoadInEntryPoint(uint32_t var_id,
+                                                 Instruction* entry_point);
+
+  // Visits load instructions of pointers to variable whose result id is
+  // |var_id| if the load instructions are in entry points whose
+  // function id is one of |entry_function_ids|. |handle_load| is a function to
+  // do some actions for the load instructions. Finishes the traversal and
+  // returns false if |handle_load| returns false for a load instruction.
+  // Otherwise, returns true after running |handle_load| for all the load
+  // instructions.
+  bool VisitLoadsOfPointersToVariableInEntries(
+      uint32_t var_id, const std::function<bool(Instruction*)>& handle_load,
+      const std::unordered_set<uint32_t>& entry_function_ids);
+
+  // Sets Memory Operands of OpLoad instructions that load |var| or pointers
+  // of |var| as Volatile if the function id of the OpLoad instruction is
+  // included in |entry_function_ids|.
+  void SetVolatileForLoadsInEntries(
+      Instruction* var, const std::unordered_set<uint32_t>& entry_function_ids);
+
+  // Adds OpDecorate Volatile for |var| if it does not exist.
+  void DecorateVarWithVolatile(Instruction* var);
+
+  // Returns a set of entry function ids to spread the volatile semantics for
+  // the variable with the result id |var_id|.
+  std::unordered_set<uint32_t> EntryFunctionsToSpreadVolatileSemanticsForVar(
+      uint32_t var_id) {
+    auto itr = var_ids_to_entry_fn_for_volatile_semantics_.find(var_id);
+    if (itr == var_ids_to_entry_fn_for_volatile_semantics_.end()) return {};
+    return itr->second;
+  }
+
+  // Specifies that we have to spread the volatile semantics for the
+  // variable with the result id |var_id| for the entry point |entry_point|.
+  void MarkVolatileSemanticsForVariable(uint32_t var_id,
+                                        Instruction* entry_point);
+
+  // Result ids of variables to entry function ids for the volatile semantics
+  // spread.
+  std::unordered_map<uint32_t, std::unordered_set<uint32_t>>
+      var_ids_to_entry_fn_for_volatile_semantics_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace opt
+}  // namespace spvtools
+
+#endif  // SOURCE_OPT_SPREAD_VOLATILE_SEMANTICS_H_
diff --git a/source/opt/strength_reduction_pass.h b/source/opt/strength_reduction_pass.h
index 8dfeb30..1cbbbcc 100644
--- a/source/opt/strength_reduction_pass.h
+++ b/source/opt/strength_reduction_pass.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
   // Returns true if something changed.
   bool ReplaceMultiplyByPowerOf2(BasicBlock::iterator*);
 
-  // Scan the types and constants in the module looking for the the integer
+  // Scan the types and constants in the module looking for the integer
   // types that we are
   // interested in.  The shift operation needs a small unsigned integer.  We
   // need to find
diff --git a/source/opt/strip_debug_info_pass.cpp b/source/opt/strip_debug_info_pass.cpp
index c86ce57..6a0ebf2 100644
--- a/source/opt/strip_debug_info_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/strip_debug_info_pass.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 #include "source/opt/strip_debug_info_pass.h"
 #include "source/opt/ir_context.h"
+#include "source/util/string_utils.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace opt {
@@ -21,9 +22,8 @@
 Pass::Status StripDebugInfoPass::Process() {
   bool uses_non_semantic_info = false;
   for (auto& inst : context()->module()->extensions()) {
-    const char* ext_name =
-        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&inst.GetInOperand(0).words[0]);
-    if (0 == std::strcmp(ext_name, "SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info")) {
+    const std::string ext_name = inst.GetInOperand(0).AsString();
+    if (ext_name == "SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info") {
       uses_non_semantic_info = true;
     }
   }
@@ -46,9 +46,10 @@
                 if (use->opcode() == SpvOpExtInst) {
                   auto ext_inst_set =
                       def_use->GetDef(use->GetSingleWordInOperand(0u));
-                  const char* extension_name = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(
-                      &ext_inst_set->GetInOperand(0).words[0]);
-                  if (0 == std::strncmp(extension_name, "NonSemantic.", 12)) {
+                  const std::string extension_name =
+                      ext_inst_set->GetInOperand(0).AsString();
+                  if (spvtools::utils::starts_with(extension_name,
+                                                   "NonSemantic.")) {
                     // found a non-semantic use, return false as we cannot
                     // remove this OpString
                     return false;
diff --git a/source/opt/strip_reflect_info_pass.cpp b/source/opt/strip_nonsemantic_info_pass.cpp
similarity index 65%
rename from source/opt/strip_reflect_info_pass.cpp
rename to source/opt/strip_nonsemantic_info_pass.cpp
index 8b0f2db..cd1fbb6 100644
--- a/source/opt/strip_reflect_info_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/strip_nonsemantic_info_pass.cpp
@@ -12,18 +12,19 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#include "source/opt/strip_reflect_info_pass.h"
+#include "source/opt/strip_nonsemantic_info_pass.h"
 
 #include <cstring>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "source/opt/instruction.h"
 #include "source/opt/ir_context.h"
+#include "source/util/string_utils.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace opt {
 
-Pass::Status StripReflectInfoPass::Process() {
+Pass::Status StripNonSemanticInfoPass::Process() {
   bool modified = false;
 
   std::vector<Instruction*> to_remove;
@@ -32,7 +33,8 @@
   for (auto& inst : context()->module()->annotations()) {
     switch (inst.opcode()) {
       case SpvOpDecorateStringGOOGLE:
-        if (inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(1) == SpvDecorationHlslSemanticGOOGLE) {
+        if (inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(1) == SpvDecorationHlslSemanticGOOGLE ||
+            inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(1) == SpvDecorationUserTypeGOOGLE) {
           to_remove.push_back(&inst);
         } else {
           other_uses_for_decorate_string = true;
@@ -40,7 +42,8 @@
         break;
 
       case SpvOpMemberDecorateStringGOOGLE:
-        if (inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(2) == SpvDecorationHlslSemanticGOOGLE) {
+        if (inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(2) == SpvDecorationHlslSemanticGOOGLE ||
+            inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(2) == SpvDecorationUserTypeGOOGLE) {
           to_remove.push_back(&inst);
         } else {
           other_uses_for_decorate_string = true;
@@ -60,33 +63,26 @@
   }
 
   for (auto& inst : context()->module()->extensions()) {
-    const char* ext_name =
-        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&inst.GetInOperand(0).words[0]);
-    if (0 == std::strcmp(ext_name, "SPV_GOOGLE_hlsl_functionality1")) {
+    const std::string ext_name = inst.GetInOperand(0).AsString();
+    if (ext_name == "SPV_GOOGLE_hlsl_functionality1") {
+      to_remove.push_back(&inst);
+    } else if (ext_name == "SPV_GOOGLE_user_type") {
       to_remove.push_back(&inst);
     } else if (!other_uses_for_decorate_string &&
-               0 == std::strcmp(ext_name, "SPV_GOOGLE_decorate_string")) {
+               ext_name == "SPV_GOOGLE_decorate_string") {
       to_remove.push_back(&inst);
-    } else if (0 == std::strcmp(ext_name, "SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info")) {
+    } else if (ext_name == "SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info") {
       to_remove.push_back(&inst);
     }
   }
 
-  // clear all debug data now if it hasn't been cleared already, to remove any
-  // remaining OpString that may have been referenced by non-semantic extinsts
-  for (auto& dbg : context()->debugs1()) to_remove.push_back(&dbg);
-  for (auto& dbg : context()->debugs2()) to_remove.push_back(&dbg);
-  for (auto& dbg : context()->debugs3()) to_remove.push_back(&dbg);
-  for (auto& dbg : context()->ext_inst_debuginfo()) to_remove.push_back(&dbg);
-
   // remove any extended inst imports that are non semantic
   std::unordered_set<uint32_t> non_semantic_sets;
   for (auto& inst : context()->module()->ext_inst_imports()) {
     assert(inst.opcode() == SpvOpExtInstImport &&
            "Expecting an import of an extension's instruction set.");
-    const char* extension_name =
-        reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&inst.GetInOperand(0).words[0]);
-    if (0 == std::strncmp(extension_name, "NonSemantic.", 12)) {
+    const std::string extension_name = inst.GetInOperand(0).AsString();
+    if (spvtools::utils::starts_with(extension_name, "NonSemantic.")) {
       non_semantic_sets.insert(inst.result_id());
       to_remove.push_back(&inst);
     }
@@ -103,19 +99,10 @@
               to_remove.push_back(inst);
             }
           }
-        });
+        },
+        true);
   }
 
-  // OpName must come first, since they may refer to other debug instructions.
-  // If they are after the instructions that refer to, then they will be killed
-  // when that instruction is killed, which will lead to a double kill.
-  std::sort(to_remove.begin(), to_remove.end(),
-            [](Instruction* lhs, Instruction* rhs) -> bool {
-              if (lhs->opcode() == SpvOpName && rhs->opcode() != SpvOpName)
-                return true;
-              return false;
-            });
-
   for (auto* inst : to_remove) {
     modified = true;
     context()->KillInst(inst);
diff --git a/source/opt/strip_reflect_info_pass.h b/source/opt/strip_nonsemantic_info_pass.h
similarity index 82%
rename from source/opt/strip_reflect_info_pass.h
rename to source/opt/strip_nonsemantic_info_pass.h
index 4e1999e..ff4e2e1 100644
--- a/source/opt/strip_reflect_info_pass.h
+++ b/source/opt/strip_nonsemantic_info_pass.h
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#ifndef SOURCE_OPT_STRIP_REFLECT_INFO_PASS_H_
-#define SOURCE_OPT_STRIP_REFLECT_INFO_PASS_H_
+#ifndef SOURCE_OPT_STRIP_NONSEMANTIC_INFO_PASS_H_
+#define SOURCE_OPT_STRIP_NONSEMANTIC_INFO_PASS_H_
 
 #include "source/opt/ir_context.h"
 #include "source/opt/module.h"
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@
 namespace opt {
 
 // See optimizer.hpp for documentation.
-class StripReflectInfoPass : public Pass {
+class StripNonSemanticInfoPass : public Pass {
  public:
-  const char* name() const override { return "strip-reflect"; }
+  const char* name() const override { return "strip-nonsemantic"; }
   Status Process() override;
 
   // Return the mask of preserved Analyses.
@@ -41,4 +41,4 @@
 }  // namespace opt
 }  // namespace spvtools
 
-#endif  // SOURCE_OPT_STRIP_REFLECT_INFO_PASS_H_
+#endif  // SOURCE_OPT_STRIP_NONSEMANTIC_INFO_PASS_H_
diff --git a/source/opt/type_manager.cpp b/source/opt/type_manager.cpp
index 7935ad3..a0006f5 100644
--- a/source/opt/type_manager.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/type_manager.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "source/opt/log.h"
 #include "source/opt/reflect.h"
 #include "source/util/make_unique.h"
+#include "source/util/string_utils.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace opt {
@@ -234,6 +235,7 @@
     DefineParameterlessCase(PipeStorage);
     DefineParameterlessCase(NamedBarrier);
     DefineParameterlessCase(AccelerationStructureNV);
+    DefineParameterlessCase(RayQueryKHR);
 #undef DefineParameterlessCase
     case Type::kInteger:
       typeInst = MakeUnique<Instruction>(
@@ -349,11 +351,8 @@
     }
     case Type::kOpaque: {
       const Opaque* opaque = type->AsOpaque();
-      size_t size = opaque->name().size();
       // Convert to null-terminated packed UTF-8 string.
-      std::vector<uint32_t> words(size / 4 + 1, 0);
-      char* dst = reinterpret_cast<char*>(words.data());
-      strncpy(dst, opaque->name().c_str(), size);
+      std::vector<uint32_t> words = spvtools::utils::MakeVector(opaque->name());
       typeInst = MakeUnique<Instruction>(
           context(), SpvOpTypeOpaque, 0, id,
           std::initializer_list<Operand>{
@@ -529,6 +528,7 @@
     DefineNoSubtypeCase(PipeStorage);
     DefineNoSubtypeCase(NamedBarrier);
     DefineNoSubtypeCase(AccelerationStructureNV);
+    DefineNoSubtypeCase(RayQueryKHR);
 #undef DefineNoSubtypeCase
     case Type::kVector: {
       const Vector* vec_ty = type.AsVector();
@@ -781,8 +781,7 @@
       }
     } break;
     case SpvOpTypeOpaque: {
-      const uint32_t* data = inst.GetInOperand(0).words.data();
-      type = new Opaque(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data));
+      type = new Opaque(inst.GetInOperand(0).AsString());
     } break;
     case SpvOpTypePointer: {
       uint32_t pointee_type_id = inst.GetSingleWordInOperand(1);
diff --git a/source/opt/type_manager.h b/source/opt/type_manager.h
index ce9d83d..72e37f4 100644
--- a/source/opt/type_manager.h
+++ b/source/opt/type_manager.h
@@ -160,6 +160,13 @@
 
   uint32_t GetFloatTypeId() { return GetTypeInstruction(GetFloatType()); }
 
+  Type* GetDoubleType() {
+    Float float_type(64);
+    return GetRegisteredType(&float_type);
+  }
+
+  uint32_t GetDoubleTypeId() { return GetTypeInstruction(GetDoubleType()); }
+
   Type* GetUIntVectorType(uint32_t size) {
     Vector vec_type(GetUIntType(), size);
     return GetRegisteredType(&vec_type);
diff --git a/source/opt/types.cpp b/source/opt/types.cpp
index b1eb3a5..ebbdc36 100644
--- a/source/opt/types.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/types.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_set>
 
+#include "source/util/hash_combine.h"
 #include "source/util/make_unique.h"
 #include "spirv/unified1/spirv.h"
 
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@
 namespace opt {
 namespace analysis {
 
+using spvtools::utils::hash_combine;
 using U32VecVec = std::vector<std::vector<uint32_t>>;
 
 namespace {
@@ -182,23 +184,26 @@
   }
 }
 
-void Type::GetHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                        std::unordered_set<const Type*>* seen) const {
-  if (!seen->insert(this).second) {
-    return;
+size_t Type::ComputeHashValue(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const {
+  // Linear search through a dense, cache coherent vector is faster than O(log
+  // n) search in a complex data structure (eg std::set) for the generally small
+  // number of nodes.  It also skips the overhead of an new/delete per Type
+  // (when inserting/removing from a set).
+  if (std::find(seen->begin(), seen->end(), this) != seen->end()) {
+    return hash;
   }
 
-  words->push_back(kind_);
+  seen->push_back(this);
+
+  hash = hash_combine(hash, uint32_t(kind_));
   for (const auto& d : decorations_) {
-    for (auto w : d) {
-      words->push_back(w);
-    }
+    hash = hash_combine(hash, d);
   }
 
   switch (kind_) {
-#define DeclareKindCase(type)                   \
-  case k##type:                                 \
-    As##type()->GetExtraHashWords(words, seen); \
+#define DeclareKindCase(type)                             \
+  case k##type:                                           \
+    hash = As##type()->ComputeExtraStateHash(hash, seen); \
     break
     DeclareKindCase(Void);
     DeclareKindCase(Bool);
@@ -232,18 +237,13 @@
       break;
   }
 
-  seen->erase(this);
+  seen->pop_back();
+  return hash;
 }
 
 size_t Type::HashValue() const {
-  std::u32string h;
-  std::vector<uint32_t> words;
-  GetHashWords(&words);
-  for (auto w : words) {
-    h.push_back(w);
-  }
-
-  return std::hash<std::u32string>()(h);
+  SeenTypes seen;
+  return ComputeHashValue(0, &seen);
 }
 
 bool Integer::IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache*) const {
@@ -258,10 +258,8 @@
   return oss.str();
 }
 
-void Integer::GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                                std::unordered_set<const Type*>*) const {
-  words->push_back(width_);
-  words->push_back(signed_);
+size_t Integer::ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes*) const {
+  return hash_combine(hash, width_, signed_);
 }
 
 bool Float::IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache*) const {
@@ -275,9 +273,8 @@
   return oss.str();
 }
 
-void Float::GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                              std::unordered_set<const Type*>*) const {
-  words->push_back(width_);
+size_t Float::ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes*) const {
+  return hash_combine(hash, width_);
 }
 
 Vector::Vector(const Type* type, uint32_t count)
@@ -299,10 +296,11 @@
   return oss.str();
 }
 
-void Vector::GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                               std::unordered_set<const Type*>* seen) const {
-  element_type_->GetHashWords(words, seen);
-  words->push_back(count_);
+size_t Vector::ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const {
+  // prefer form that doesn't require push/pop from stack: add state and
+  // make tail call.
+  hash = hash_combine(hash, count_);
+  return element_type_->ComputeHashValue(hash, seen);
 }
 
 Matrix::Matrix(const Type* type, uint32_t count)
@@ -324,10 +322,9 @@
   return oss.str();
 }
 
-void Matrix::GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                               std::unordered_set<const Type*>* seen) const {
-  element_type_->GetHashWords(words, seen);
-  words->push_back(count_);
+size_t Matrix::ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const {
+  hash = hash_combine(hash, count_);
+  return element_type_->ComputeHashValue(hash, seen);
 }
 
 Image::Image(Type* type, SpvDim dimen, uint32_t d, bool array, bool multisample,
@@ -362,16 +359,10 @@
   return oss.str();
 }
 
-void Image::GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                              std::unordered_set<const Type*>* seen) const {
-  sampled_type_->GetHashWords(words, seen);
-  words->push_back(dim_);
-  words->push_back(depth_);
-  words->push_back(arrayed_);
-  words->push_back(ms_);
-  words->push_back(sampled_);
-  words->push_back(format_);
-  words->push_back(access_qualifier_);
+size_t Image::ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const {
+  hash = hash_combine(hash, uint32_t(dim_), depth_, arrayed_, ms_, sampled_,
+                      uint32_t(format_), uint32_t(access_qualifier_));
+  return sampled_type_->ComputeHashValue(hash, seen);
 }
 
 bool SampledImage::IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache* seen) const {
@@ -387,9 +378,8 @@
   return oss.str();
 }
 
-void SampledImage::GetExtraHashWords(
-    std::vector<uint32_t>* words, std::unordered_set<const Type*>* seen) const {
-  image_type_->GetHashWords(words, seen);
+size_t SampledImage::ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const {
+  return image_type_->ComputeHashValue(hash, seen);
 }
 
 Array::Array(const Type* type, const Array::LengthInfo& length_info_arg)
@@ -422,16 +412,19 @@
   return oss.str();
 }
 
-void Array::GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                              std::unordered_set<const Type*>* seen) const {
-  element_type_->GetHashWords(words, seen);
-  // This should mirror the logic in IsSameImpl
-  words->insert(words->end(), length_info_.words.begin(),
-                length_info_.words.end());
+size_t Array::ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const {
+  hash = hash_combine(hash, length_info_.words);
+  return element_type_->ComputeHashValue(hash, seen);
 }
 
 void Array::ReplaceElementType(const Type* type) { element_type_ = type; }
 
+Array::LengthInfo Array::GetConstantLengthInfo(uint32_t const_id,
+                                               uint32_t length) const {
+  std::vector<uint32_t> extra_words{LengthInfo::Case::kConstant, length};
+  return {const_id, extra_words};
+}
+
 RuntimeArray::RuntimeArray(const Type* type)
     : Type(kRuntimeArray), element_type_(type) {
   assert(!type->AsVoid());
@@ -450,9 +443,8 @@
   return oss.str();
 }
 
-void RuntimeArray::GetExtraHashWords(
-    std::vector<uint32_t>* words, std::unordered_set<const Type*>* seen) const {
-  element_type_->GetHashWords(words, seen);
+size_t RuntimeArray::ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const {
+  return element_type_->ComputeHashValue(hash, seen);
 }
 
 void RuntimeArray::ReplaceElementType(const Type* type) {
@@ -509,19 +501,14 @@
   return oss.str();
 }
 
-void Struct::GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                               std::unordered_set<const Type*>* seen) const {
+size_t Struct::ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const {
   for (auto* t : element_types_) {
-    t->GetHashWords(words, seen);
+    hash = t->ComputeHashValue(hash, seen);
   }
   for (const auto& pair : element_decorations_) {
-    words->push_back(pair.first);
-    for (const auto& d : pair.second) {
-      for (auto w : d) {
-        words->push_back(w);
-      }
-    }
+    hash = hash_combine(hash, pair.first, pair.second);
   }
+  return hash;
 }
 
 bool Opaque::IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache*) const {
@@ -536,11 +523,8 @@
   return oss.str();
 }
 
-void Opaque::GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                               std::unordered_set<const Type*>*) const {
-  for (auto c : name_) {
-    words->push_back(static_cast<char32_t>(c));
-  }
+size_t Opaque::ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes*) const {
+  return hash_combine(hash, name_);
 }
 
 Pointer::Pointer(const Type* type, SpvStorageClass sc)
@@ -569,10 +553,9 @@
   return os.str();
 }
 
-void Pointer::GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                                std::unordered_set<const Type*>* seen) const {
-  pointee_type_->GetHashWords(words, seen);
-  words->push_back(storage_class_);
+size_t Pointer::ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const {
+  hash = hash_combine(hash, uint32_t(storage_class_));
+  return pointee_type_->ComputeHashValue(hash, seen);
 }
 
 void Pointer::SetPointeeType(const Type* type) { pointee_type_ = type; }
@@ -606,12 +589,11 @@
   return oss.str();
 }
 
-void Function::GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                                 std::unordered_set<const Type*>* seen) const {
-  return_type_->GetHashWords(words, seen);
+size_t Function::ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const {
   for (const auto* t : param_types_) {
-    t->GetHashWords(words, seen);
+    hash = t->ComputeHashValue(hash, seen);
   }
+  return return_type_->ComputeHashValue(hash, seen);
 }
 
 void Function::SetReturnType(const Type* type) { return_type_ = type; }
@@ -628,9 +610,8 @@
   return oss.str();
 }
 
-void Pipe::GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                             std::unordered_set<const Type*>*) const {
-  words->push_back(access_qualifier_);
+size_t Pipe::ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes*) const {
+  return hash_combine(hash, uint32_t(access_qualifier_));
 }
 
 bool ForwardPointer::IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache*) const {
@@ -653,11 +634,11 @@
   return oss.str();
 }
 
-void ForwardPointer::GetExtraHashWords(
-    std::vector<uint32_t>* words, std::unordered_set<const Type*>* seen) const {
-  words->push_back(target_id_);
-  words->push_back(storage_class_);
-  if (pointer_) pointer_->GetHashWords(words, seen);
+size_t ForwardPointer::ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash,
+                                             SeenTypes* seen) const {
+  hash = hash_combine(hash, target_id_, uint32_t(storage_class_));
+  if (pointer_) hash = pointer_->ComputeHashValue(hash, seen);
+  return hash;
 }
 
 CooperativeMatrixNV::CooperativeMatrixNV(const Type* type, const uint32_t scope,
@@ -681,12 +662,10 @@
   return oss.str();
 }
 
-void CooperativeMatrixNV::GetExtraHashWords(
-    std::vector<uint32_t>* words, std::unordered_set<const Type*>* pSet) const {
-  component_type_->GetHashWords(words, pSet);
-  words->push_back(scope_id_);
-  words->push_back(rows_id_);
-  words->push_back(columns_id_);
+size_t CooperativeMatrixNV::ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash,
+                                                  SeenTypes* seen) const {
+  hash = hash_combine(hash, scope_id_, rows_id_, columns_id_);
+  return component_type_->ComputeHashValue(hash, seen);
 }
 
 bool CooperativeMatrixNV::IsSameImpl(const Type* that,
diff --git a/source/opt/types.h b/source/opt/types.h
index 9ecd41a..f5a4a6b 100644
--- a/source/opt/types.h
+++ b/source/opt/types.h
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 
 #include "source/latest_version_spirv_header.h"
 #include "source/opt/instruction.h"
+#include "source/util/small_vector.h"
 #include "spirv-tools/libspirv.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
@@ -67,6 +68,8 @@
  public:
   typedef std::set<std::pair<const Pointer*, const Pointer*>> IsSameCache;
 
+  using SeenTypes = spvtools::utils::SmallVector<const Type*, 8>;
+
   // Available subtypes.
   //
   // When adding a new derived class of Type, please add an entry to the enum.
@@ -96,7 +99,8 @@
     kNamedBarrier,
     kAccelerationStructureNV,
     kCooperativeMatrixNV,
-    kRayQueryKHR
+    kRayQueryKHR,
+    kLast
   };
 
   Type(Kind k) : kind_(k) {}
@@ -154,21 +158,7 @@
   // Returns the hash value of this type.
   size_t HashValue() const;
 
-  // Adds the necessary words to compute a hash value of this type to |words|.
-  void GetHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words) const {
-    std::unordered_set<const Type*> seen;
-    GetHashWords(words, &seen);
-  }
-
-  // Adds the necessary words to compute a hash value of this type to |words|.
-  void GetHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                    std::unordered_set<const Type*>* seen) const;
-
-  // Adds necessary extra words for a subtype to calculate a hash value into
-  // |words|.
-  virtual void GetExtraHashWords(
-      std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-      std::unordered_set<const Type*>* pSet) const = 0;
+  size_t ComputeHashValue(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const;
 
 // A bunch of methods for casting this type to a given type. Returns this if the
 // cast can be done, nullptr otherwise.
@@ -204,6 +194,10 @@
   DeclareCastMethod(RayQueryKHR)
 #undef DeclareCastMethod
 
+protected:
+  // Add any type-specific state to |hash| and returns new hash.
+  virtual size_t ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const = 0;
+
  protected:
   // Decorations attached to this type. Each decoration is encoded as a vector
   // of uint32_t numbers. The first uint32_t number is the decoration value,
@@ -232,8 +226,7 @@
   uint32_t width() const { return width_; }
   bool IsSigned() const { return signed_; }
 
-  void GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                         std::unordered_set<const Type*>* pSet) const override;
+  size_t ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const override;
 
  private:
   bool IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache*) const override;
@@ -253,8 +246,7 @@
   const Float* AsFloat() const override { return this; }
   uint32_t width() const { return width_; }
 
-  void GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                         std::unordered_set<const Type*>* pSet) const override;
+  size_t ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const override;
 
  private:
   bool IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache*) const override;
@@ -274,8 +266,7 @@
   Vector* AsVector() override { return this; }
   const Vector* AsVector() const override { return this; }
 
-  void GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                         std::unordered_set<const Type*>* pSet) const override;
+  size_t ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const override;
 
  private:
   bool IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache*) const override;
@@ -296,8 +287,7 @@
   Matrix* AsMatrix() override { return this; }
   const Matrix* AsMatrix() const override { return this; }
 
-  void GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                         std::unordered_set<const Type*>* pSet) const override;
+  size_t ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const override;
 
  private:
   bool IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache*) const override;
@@ -327,8 +317,7 @@
   SpvImageFormat format() const { return format_; }
   SpvAccessQualifier access_qualifier() const { return access_qualifier_; }
 
-  void GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                         std::unordered_set<const Type*>* pSet) const override;
+  size_t ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const override;
 
  private:
   bool IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache*) const override;
@@ -355,8 +344,7 @@
 
   const Type* image_type() const { return image_type_; }
 
-  void GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                         std::unordered_set<const Type*>* pSet) const override;
+  size_t ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const override;
 
  private:
   bool IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache*) const override;
@@ -399,10 +387,10 @@
   Array* AsArray() override { return this; }
   const Array* AsArray() const override { return this; }
 
-  void GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                         std::unordered_set<const Type*>* pSet) const override;
+  size_t ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const override;
 
   void ReplaceElementType(const Type* element_type);
+  LengthInfo GetConstantLengthInfo(uint32_t const_id, uint32_t length) const;
 
  private:
   bool IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache*) const override;
@@ -422,8 +410,7 @@
   RuntimeArray* AsRuntimeArray() override { return this; }
   const RuntimeArray* AsRuntimeArray() const override { return this; }
 
-  void GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                         std::unordered_set<const Type*>* pSet) const override;
+  size_t ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const override;
 
   void ReplaceElementType(const Type* element_type);
 
@@ -459,8 +446,7 @@
   Struct* AsStruct() override { return this; }
   const Struct* AsStruct() const override { return this; }
 
-  void GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                         std::unordered_set<const Type*>* pSet) const override;
+  size_t ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const override;
 
  private:
   bool IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache*) const override;
@@ -491,8 +477,7 @@
 
   const std::string& name() const { return name_; }
 
-  void GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                         std::unordered_set<const Type*>* pSet) const override;
+  size_t ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const override;
 
  private:
   bool IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache*) const override;
@@ -512,8 +497,7 @@
   Pointer* AsPointer() override { return this; }
   const Pointer* AsPointer() const override { return this; }
 
-  void GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                         std::unordered_set<const Type*>* pSet) const override;
+  size_t ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const override;
 
   void SetPointeeType(const Type* type);
 
@@ -539,8 +523,7 @@
   const std::vector<const Type*>& param_types() const { return param_types_; }
   std::vector<const Type*>& param_types() { return param_types_; }
 
-  void GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                         std::unordered_set<const Type*>*) const override;
+  size_t ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const override;
 
   void SetReturnType(const Type* type);
 
@@ -564,8 +547,7 @@
 
   SpvAccessQualifier access_qualifier() const { return access_qualifier_; }
 
-  void GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                         std::unordered_set<const Type*>* pSet) const override;
+  size_t ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const override;
 
  private:
   bool IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache*) const override;
@@ -592,8 +574,7 @@
   ForwardPointer* AsForwardPointer() override { return this; }
   const ForwardPointer* AsForwardPointer() const override { return this; }
 
-  void GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>* words,
-                         std::unordered_set<const Type*>* pSet) const override;
+  size_t ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const override;
 
  private:
   bool IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache*) const override;
@@ -616,8 +597,7 @@
     return this;
   }
 
-  void GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>*,
-                         std::unordered_set<const Type*>*) const override;
+  size_t ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes* seen) const override;
 
   const Type* component_type() const { return component_type_; }
   uint32_t scope_id() const { return scope_id_; }
@@ -633,24 +613,25 @@
   const uint32_t columns_id_;
 };
 
-#define DefineParameterlessType(type, name)                                    \
-  class type : public Type {                                                   \
-   public:                                                                     \
-    type() : Type(k##type) {}                                                  \
-    type(const type&) = default;                                               \
-                                                                               \
-    std::string str() const override { return #name; }                         \
-                                                                               \
-    type* As##type() override { return this; }                                 \
-    const type* As##type() const override { return this; }                     \
-                                                                               \
-    void GetExtraHashWords(std::vector<uint32_t>*,                             \
-                           std::unordered_set<const Type*>*) const override {} \
-                                                                               \
-   private:                                                                    \
-    bool IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache*) const override {           \
-      return that->As##type() && HasSameDecorations(that);                     \
-    }                                                                          \
+#define DefineParameterlessType(type, name)                                \
+  class type : public Type {                                               \
+   public:                                                                 \
+    type() : Type(k##type) {}                                              \
+    type(const type&) = default;                                           \
+                                                                           \
+    std::string str() const override { return #name; }                     \
+                                                                           \
+    type* As##type() override { return this; }                             \
+    const type* As##type() const override { return this; }                 \
+                                                                           \
+    size_t ComputeExtraStateHash(size_t hash, SeenTypes*) const override { \
+      return hash;                                                         \
+    }                                                                      \
+                                                                           \
+   private:                                                                \
+    bool IsSameImpl(const Type* that, IsSameCache*) const override {       \
+      return that->As##type() && HasSameDecorations(that);                 \
+    }                                                                      \
   }
 DefineParameterlessType(Void, void);
 DefineParameterlessType(Bool, bool);
diff --git a/source/opt/unify_const_pass.cpp b/source/opt/unify_const_pass.cpp
index 227fd61..6bfa11a 100644
--- a/source/opt/unify_const_pass.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/unify_const_pass.cpp
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
       // 'SpecId' decoration and all of them should be treated as unique.
       // 'SpecId' is not applicable to SpecConstants defined with
       // OpSpecConstant{Op|Composite}, their values are not necessary to be
-      // unique. When all the operands/compoents are the same between two
+      // unique. When all the operands/components are the same between two
       // OpSpecConstant{Op|Composite} results, their result values must be the
       // same so are unifiable.
       case SpvOp::SpvOpSpecConstantOp:
diff --git a/source/opt/upgrade_memory_model.cpp b/source/opt/upgrade_memory_model.cpp
index ab25205..9d6a5bc 100644
--- a/source/opt/upgrade_memory_model.cpp
+++ b/source/opt/upgrade_memory_model.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "source/opt/ir_context.h"
 #include "source/spirv_constant.h"
 #include "source/util/make_unique.h"
+#include "source/util/string_utils.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace opt {
@@ -58,9 +59,7 @@
       std::initializer_list<Operand>{
           {SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_CAPABILITY, {SpvCapabilityVulkanMemoryModelKHR}}}));
   const std::string extension = "SPV_KHR_vulkan_memory_model";
-  std::vector<uint32_t> words(extension.size() / 4 + 1, 0);
-  char* dst = reinterpret_cast<char*>(words.data());
-  strncpy(dst, extension.c_str(), extension.size());
+  std::vector<uint32_t> words = spvtools::utils::MakeVector(extension);
   context()->AddExtension(
       MakeUnique<Instruction>(context(), SpvOpExtension, 0, 0,
                               std::initializer_list<Operand>{
@@ -85,8 +84,7 @@
         if (ext_inst == GLSLstd450Modf || ext_inst == GLSLstd450Frexp) {
           auto import =
               get_def_use_mgr()->GetDef(inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0u));
-          if (reinterpret_cast<char*>(import->GetInOperand(0u).words.data()) ==
-              std::string("GLSL.std.450")) {
+          if (import->GetInOperand(0u).AsString() == "GLSL.std.450") {
             UpgradeExtInst(inst);
           }
         }
diff --git a/source/opt/vector_dce.h b/source/opt/vector_dce.h
index 4d30b92..a55bda6 100644
--- a/source/opt/vector_dce.h
+++ b/source/opt/vector_dce.h
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
   bool RewriteInstructions(Function* function,
                            const LiveComponentMap& live_components);
 
-  // Makrs all DebugValue instructions that use |composite| for their values as
+  // Makes all DebugValue instructions that use |composite| for their values as
   // dead instructions by putting them into |dead_dbg_value|.
   void MarkDebugValueUsesAsDead(Instruction* composite,
                                 std::vector<Instruction*>* dead_dbg_value);
diff --git a/source/parsed_operand.cpp b/source/parsed_operand.cpp
index 7ad369c..5f8e94d 100644
--- a/source/parsed_operand.cpp
+++ b/source/parsed_operand.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
 void EmitNumericLiteral(std::ostream* out, const spv_parsed_instruction_t& inst,
                         const spv_parsed_operand_t& operand) {
   if (operand.type != SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_INTEGER &&
-      operand.type != SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_TYPED_LITERAL_NUMBER)
+      operand.type != SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_TYPED_LITERAL_NUMBER &&
+      operand.type != SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_OPTIONAL_LITERAL_INTEGER &&
+      operand.type != SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_OPTIONAL_TYPED_LITERAL_INTEGER)
     return;
   if (operand.num_words < 1) return;
   // TODO(dneto): Support more than 64-bits at a time.
diff --git a/source/reduce/remove_struct_member_reduction_opportunity.cpp b/source/reduce/remove_struct_member_reduction_opportunity.cpp
index da096e1..e72ed35 100644
--- a/source/reduce/remove_struct_member_reduction_opportunity.cpp
+++ b/source/reduce/remove_struct_member_reduction_opportunity.cpp
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@
         next_type = type_inst->GetSingleWordInOperand(0);
         break;
       case SpvOpTypeStruct: {
-        // Struct types are special becuase (a) we may need to adjust the index
+        // Struct types are special because (a) we may need to adjust the index
         // being used, if the struct type is the one from which we are removing
         // a member, and (b) the type encountered by following the current index
         // is dependent on the value of the index.
diff --git a/source/reduce/remove_unused_struct_member_reduction_opportunity_finder.cpp b/source/reduce/remove_unused_struct_member_reduction_opportunity_finder.cpp
index e72be62..cd0c4e4 100644
--- a/source/reduce/remove_unused_struct_member_reduction_opportunity_finder.cpp
+++ b/source/reduce/remove_unused_struct_member_reduction_opportunity_finder.cpp
@@ -136,9 +136,9 @@
     }
   }
 
-  // We now know those struct indices that are unsed, and we make a reduction
+  // We now know those struct indices that are unused, and we make a reduction
   // opportunity for each of them. By mapping each relevant member index to the
-  // structs in which it is unsed, we will group all opportunities to remove
+  // structs in which it is unused, we will group all opportunities to remove
   // member k of a struct (for some k) together.  This reduces the likelihood
   // that opportunities to remove members from the same struct will be adjacent,
   // which is good because such opportunities mutually disable one another.
diff --git a/source/reduce/structured_construct_to_block_reduction_opportunity_finder.cpp b/source/reduce/structured_construct_to_block_reduction_opportunity_finder.cpp
index dc20f68..29fbe55 100644
--- a/source/reduce/structured_construct_to_block_reduction_opportunity_finder.cpp
+++ b/source/reduce/structured_construct_to_block_reduction_opportunity_finder.cpp
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
         // This also means that we don't add a region.
         continue;
       }
-      // We have a reachable header block with a rechable merge that
+      // We have a reachable header block with a reachable merge that
       // postdominates the header: this means we have a new region.
       regions.emplace(&block, std::unordered_set<opt::BasicBlock*>());
     }
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
     if (!block->WhileEachInst(
             [context, &header, &region](opt::Instruction* inst) -> bool {
               if (inst->result_id() == 0) {
-                // The instruction does not genreate a result id, thus it cannot
+                // The instruction does not generate a result id, thus it cannot
                 // be referred to outside the region - this is fine.
                 return true;
               }
diff --git a/source/spirv_definition.h b/source/spirv_definition.h
index 63a4ef0..5dbd6ab 100644
--- a/source/spirv_definition.h
+++ b/source/spirv_definition.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
   uint32_t generator;
   uint32_t bound;
   uint32_t schema;               // NOTE: Reserved
-  const uint32_t* instructions;  // NOTE: Unfixed pointer to instruciton stream
+  const uint32_t* instructions;  // NOTE: Unfixed pointer to instruction stream
 } spv_header_t;
 
 #endif  // SOURCE_SPIRV_DEFINITION_H_
diff --git a/source/spirv_endian.h b/source/spirv_endian.h
index c2540be..b4927f3 100644
--- a/source/spirv_endian.h
+++ b/source/spirv_endian.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 spv_result_t spvBinaryEndianness(const spv_const_binary binary,
                                  spv_endianness_t* endian);
 
-// Returns true if the given endianness matches the host's native endiannes.
+// Returns true if the given endianness matches the host's native endianness.
 bool spvIsHostEndian(spv_endianness_t endian);
 
 #endif  // SOURCE_SPIRV_ENDIAN_H_
diff --git a/source/spirv_target_env.cpp b/source/spirv_target_env.cpp
index 187ab61..9a03817 100644
--- a/source/spirv_target_env.cpp
+++ b/source/spirv_target_env.cpp
@@ -72,6 +72,10 @@
       return "SPIR-V 1.5";
     case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2:
       return "SPIR-V 1.5 (under Vulkan 1.2 semantics)";
+    case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6:
+      return "SPIR-V 1.6";
+    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3:
+      return "SPIR-V 1.6 (under Vulkan 1.3 semantics)";
     case SPV_ENV_MAX:
       assert(false && "Invalid target environment value.");
       break;
@@ -113,6 +117,9 @@
     case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5:
     case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2:
       return SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_WORD(1, 5);
+    case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6:
+    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3:
+      return SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_WORD(1, 6);
     case SPV_ENV_MAX:
       assert(false && "Invalid target environment value.");
       break;
@@ -125,12 +132,14 @@
     {"vulkan1.0", SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0},
     {"vulkan1.1", SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1},
     {"vulkan1.2", SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2},
+    {"vulkan1.3", SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3},
     {"spv1.0", SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0},
     {"spv1.1", SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1},
     {"spv1.2", SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2},
     {"spv1.3", SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3},
     {"spv1.4", SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4},
     {"spv1.5", SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5},
+    {"spv1.6", SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6},
     {"opencl1.2embedded", SPV_ENV_OPENCL_EMBEDDED_1_2},
     {"opencl1.2", SPV_ENV_OPENCL_1_2},
     {"opencl2.0embedded", SPV_ENV_OPENCL_EMBEDDED_2_0},
@@ -177,7 +186,8 @@
     {SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, VULKAN_VER(1, 0), SPIRV_VER(1, 0)},
     {SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, VULKAN_VER(1, 1), SPIRV_VER(1, 3)},
     {SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, VULKAN_VER(1, 1), SPIRV_VER(1, 4)},
-    {SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, VULKAN_VER(1, 2), SPIRV_VER(1, 5)}};
+    {SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, VULKAN_VER(1, 2), SPIRV_VER(1, 5)},
+    {SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, VULKAN_VER(1, 3), SPIRV_VER(1, 6)}};
 
 bool spvParseVulkanEnv(uint32_t vulkan_ver, uint32_t spirv_ver,
                        spv_target_env* env) {
@@ -211,11 +221,13 @@
     case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3:
     case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4:
     case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5:
+    case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6:
       return false;
     case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0:
     case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1:
     case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4:
     case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2:
+    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3:
       return true;
     case SPV_ENV_WEBGPU_0:
       assert(false && "Deprecated target environment value.");
@@ -244,6 +256,8 @@
     case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4:
     case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5:
     case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2:
+    case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6:
+    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3:
       return false;
     case SPV_ENV_OPENCL_1_2:
     case SPV_ENV_OPENCL_EMBEDDED_1_2:
@@ -284,6 +298,8 @@
     case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4:
     case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5:
     case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2:
+    case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6:
+    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3:
       return false;
     case SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_0:
     case SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_1:
@@ -321,6 +337,8 @@
     case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4:
     case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5:
     case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2:
+    case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6:
+    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3:
     case SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_0:
     case SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_1:
     case SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_2:
@@ -355,16 +373,18 @@
     }
     case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0:
     case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1:
-    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4: {
-      case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2:
-        return "Vulkan";
+    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4:
+    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2:
+    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3: {
+      return "Vulkan";
     }
     case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0:
     case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1:
     case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2:
     case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3:
     case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4:
-    case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5: {
+    case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5:
+    case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6: {
       return "Universal";
     }
     case SPV_ENV_WEBGPU_0:
diff --git a/source/spirv_target_env.h b/source/spirv_target_env.h
index cc06dec..f3b0c2f 100644
--- a/source/spirv_target_env.h
+++ b/source/spirv_target_env.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 
 // Returns a formatted list of all SPIR-V target environment names that
 // can be parsed by spvParseTargetEnv.
-// |pad| is the number of space characters that the begining of each line
+// |pad| is the number of space characters that the beginning of each line
 //       except the first one will be padded with.
 // |wrap| is the max length of lines the user desires. Word-wrapping will
 //        occur to satisfy this limit.
diff --git a/source/table.cpp b/source/table.cpp
index d4a2d7e..822cefe 100644
--- a/source/table.cpp
+++ b/source/table.cpp
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@
     case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4:
     case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5:
     case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2:
+    case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6:
+    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3:
       break;
     default:
       return nullptr;
diff --git a/source/text.cpp b/source/text.cpp
index 88a8e8f..90f69c5 100644
--- a/source/text.cpp
+++ b/source/text.cpp
@@ -403,9 +403,10 @@
     case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_DEBUG_INFO_FLAGS:
     case SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_CLDEBUG100_DEBUG_INFO_FLAGS: {
       uint32_t value;
-      if (grammar.parseMaskOperand(type, textValue, &value)) {
-        return context->diagnostic() << "Invalid " << spvOperandTypeStr(type)
-                                     << " operand '" << textValue << "'.";
+      if (auto error = grammar.parseMaskOperand(type, textValue, &value)) {
+        return context->diagnostic(error)
+               << "Invalid " << spvOperandTypeStr(type) << " operand '"
+               << textValue << "'.";
       }
       if (auto error = context->binaryEncodeU32(value, pInst)) return error;
       // Prepare to parse the operands for this logical operand.
@@ -622,7 +623,8 @@
           break;
         } else {
           return context->diagnostic()
-                 << "Expected operand, found end of stream.";
+                 << "Expected operand for " << opcodeName
+                 << " instruction, but found the end of the stream.";
         }
       }
       assert(error == SPV_SUCCESS && "Somebody added another way to fail");
@@ -632,7 +634,8 @@
           break;
         } else {
           return context->diagnostic()
-                 << "Expected operand, found next instruction instead.";
+                 << "Expected operand for " << opcodeName
+                 << " instruction, but found the next instruction instead.";
         }
       }
 
@@ -666,7 +669,7 @@
 
   if (pInst->words.size() > SPV_LIMIT_INSTRUCTION_WORD_COUNT_MAX) {
     return context->diagnostic()
-           << "Instruction too long: " << pInst->words.size()
+           << opcodeName << " Instruction too long: " << pInst->words.size()
            << " words, but the limit is "
            << SPV_LIMIT_INSTRUCTION_WORD_COUNT_MAX;
   }
@@ -715,6 +718,12 @@
   while (context.hasText()) {
     spv_instruction_t inst;
 
+    // Operand parsing sometimes involves knowing the opcode of the instruction
+    // being parsed. A malformed input might feature such an operand *before*
+    // the opcode is known. To guard against accessing an uninitialized opcode,
+    // the instruction's opcode is initialized to a default value.
+    inst.opcode = SpvOpMax;
+
     if (spvTextEncodeOpcode(grammar, &context, &inst)) {
       return SPV_ERROR_INVALID_TEXT;
     }
@@ -763,8 +772,8 @@
     instructions.push_back({});
     spv_instruction_t& inst = instructions.back();
 
-    if (spvTextEncodeOpcode(grammar, &context, &inst)) {
-      return SPV_ERROR_INVALID_TEXT;
+    if (auto error = spvTextEncodeOpcode(grammar, &context, &inst)) {
+      return error;
     }
 
     if (context.advance()) break;
diff --git a/source/text_handler.cpp b/source/text_handler.cpp
index 46b9845..fe12a26 100644
--- a/source/text_handler.cpp
+++ b/source/text_handler.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include "source/util/bitutils.h"
 #include "source/util/hex_float.h"
 #include "source/util/parse_number.h"
+#include "source/util/string_utils.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace {
@@ -307,14 +308,8 @@
                         << SPV_LIMIT_INSTRUCTION_WORD_COUNT_MAX << " words.";
   }
 
-  pInst->words.resize(newWordCount);
-
-  // Make sure all the bytes in the last word are 0, in case we only
-  // write a partial word at the end.
-  pInst->words.back() = 0;
-
-  char* dest = (char*)&pInst->words[oldWordCount];
-  strncpy(dest, value, length + 1);
+  pInst->words.reserve(newWordCount);
+  spvtools::utils::AppendToVector(value, &pInst->words);
 
   return SPV_SUCCESS;
 }
diff --git a/source/util/bit_vector.h b/source/util/bit_vector.h
index 3e189cb..826d62f 100644
--- a/source/util/bit_vector.h
+++ b/source/util/bit_vector.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
   enum { kInitialNumBits = 1024 };
 
  public:
-  // Creates a bit vector contianing 0s.
+  // Creates a bit vector containing 0s.
   BitVector(uint32_t reserved_size = kInitialNumBits)
       : bits_((reserved_size - 1) / kBitContainerSize + 1, 0) {}
 
diff --git a/source/util/hash_combine.h b/source/util/hash_combine.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a2dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/util/hash_combine.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 The Khronos Group Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef SOURCE_UTIL_HASH_COMBINE_H_
+#define SOURCE_UTIL_HASH_COMBINE_H_
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <functional>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace utils {
+
+// Helpers for incrementally computing hashes.
+// For reference, see
+// http://open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2014/n3876.pdf
+
+template <typename T>
+inline size_t hash_combine(std::size_t seed, const T& val) {
+  return seed ^ (std::hash<T>()(val) + 0x9e3779b9 + (seed << 6) + (seed >> 2));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline size_t hash_combine(std::size_t hash, const std::vector<T>& vals) {
+  for (const T& val : vals) {
+    hash = hash_combine(hash, val);
+  }
+  return hash;
+}
+
+inline size_t hash_combine(std::size_t hash) { return hash; }
+
+template <typename T, typename... Types>
+inline size_t hash_combine(std::size_t hash, const T& val,
+                           const Types&... args) {
+  return hash_combine(hash_combine(hash, val), args...);
+}
+
+}  // namespace utils
+}  // namespace spvtools
+
+#endif  // SOURCE_UTIL_HASH_COMBINE_H_
diff --git a/source/util/hex_float.h b/source/util/hex_float.h
index be28eae..903b628 100644
--- a/source/util/hex_float.h
+++ b/source/util/hex_float.h
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@
 // Reads a FloatProxy value as a normal float from a stream.
 template <typename T>
 std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, FloatProxy<T>& value) {
-  T float_val;
+  T float_val = static_cast<T>(0.0);
   is >> float_val;
   value = FloatProxy<T>(float_val);
   return is;
diff --git a/source/util/ilist.h b/source/util/ilist.h
index 9837b09..42d5e62 100644
--- a/source/util/ilist.h
+++ b/source/util/ilist.h
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
   // Moves the contents of the given list to the list being constructed.
   IntrusiveList(IntrusiveList&&);
 
-  // Destorys the list.  Note that the elements of the list will not be deleted,
+  // Destroys the list.  Note that the elements of the list will not be deleted,
   // but they will be removed from the list.
   virtual ~IntrusiveList();
 
@@ -348,6 +348,7 @@
     p = p->next_node_;
   } while (p != start);
   assert(sentinel_count == 1 && "List should have exactly 1 sentinel node.");
+  (void)sentinel_count;
 
   p = start;
   do {
diff --git a/source/util/parse_number.h b/source/util/parse_number.h
index 729aac5..d0f2a09 100644
--- a/source/util/parse_number.h
+++ b/source/util/parse_number.h
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@
     std::function<void(uint32_t)> emit, std::string* error_msg);
 
 // Parses a floating point value of a given |type| from the given |text| and
-// encodes the number by the given |emit| funciton. On success, returns
+// encodes the number by the given |emit| function. On success, returns
 // EncodeNumberStatus::kSuccess and the parsed number will be consumed by the
 // given |emit| function word by word (least significant word first). On
 // failure, this function returns the error code of the encoding status and
diff --git a/source/util/pooled_linked_list.h b/source/util/pooled_linked_list.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..faaa4c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/source/util/pooled_linked_list.h
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 The Khronos Group Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef SOURCE_UTIL_POOLED_LINKED_LIST_H_
+#define SOURCE_UTIL_POOLED_LINKED_LIST_H_
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace utils {
+
+// Shared storage of nodes for PooledLinkedList.
+template <typename T>
+class PooledLinkedListNodes {
+ public:
+  struct Node {
+    Node(T e, int32_t n = -1) : element(e), next(n) {}
+
+    T element = {};
+    int32_t next = -1;
+  };
+
+  PooledLinkedListNodes() = default;
+  PooledLinkedListNodes(const PooledLinkedListNodes&) = delete;
+  PooledLinkedListNodes& operator=(const PooledLinkedListNodes&) = delete;
+
+  PooledLinkedListNodes(PooledLinkedListNodes&& that) {
+    *this = std::move(that);
+  }
+
+  PooledLinkedListNodes& operator=(PooledLinkedListNodes&& that) {
+    vec_ = std::move(that.vec_);
+    free_nodes_ = that.free_nodes_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  size_t total_nodes() { return vec_.size(); }
+  size_t free_nodes() { return free_nodes_; }
+  size_t used_nodes() { return total_nodes() - free_nodes(); }
+
+ private:
+  template <typename ListT>
+  friend class PooledLinkedList;
+
+  Node& at(int32_t index) { return vec_[index]; }
+  const Node& at(int32_t index) const { return vec_[index]; }
+
+  int32_t insert(T element) {
+    int32_t index = int32_t(vec_.size());
+    vec_.emplace_back(element);
+    return index;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<Node> vec_;
+  size_t free_nodes_ = 0;
+};
+
+// Implements a linked-list where list nodes come from a shared pool. This is
+// meant to be used in scenarios where it is desirable to avoid many small
+// allocations.
+//
+// Instead of pointers, the list uses indices to allow the underlying storage
+// to be modified without needing to modify the list. When removing elements
+// from the list, nodes are not deleted or recycled: to reclaim unused space,
+// perform a sequence of |move_nodes| operations into a temporary pool, which
+// then is moved into the old pool.
+//
+// This does *not* attempt to implement a full stl-compatible interface.
+template <typename T>
+class PooledLinkedList {
+ public:
+  using NodePool = PooledLinkedListNodes<T>;
+  using Node = typename NodePool::Node;
+
+  PooledLinkedList() = delete;
+  PooledLinkedList(NodePool* nodes) : nodes_(nodes) {}
+
+  // Shared iterator implementation (for iterator and const_iterator).
+  template <typename ElementT, typename PoolT>
+  class iterator_base {
+   public:
+    iterator_base(const iterator_base& i)
+        : nodes_(i.nodes_), index_(i.index_) {}
+
+    iterator_base& operator++() {
+      index_ = nodes_->at(index_).next;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    iterator_base& operator=(const iterator_base& i) {
+      nodes_ = i.nodes_;
+      index_ = i.index_;
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    ElementT& operator*() const { return nodes_->at(index_).element; }
+    ElementT* operator->() const { return &nodes_->at(index_).element; }
+
+    friend inline bool operator==(const iterator_base& lhs,
+                                  const iterator_base& rhs) {
+      return lhs.nodes_ == rhs.nodes_ && lhs.index_ == rhs.index_;
+    }
+    friend inline bool operator!=(const iterator_base& lhs,
+                                  const iterator_base& rhs) {
+      return lhs.nodes_ != rhs.nodes_ || lhs.index_ != rhs.index_;
+    }
+
+    // Define standard iterator types needs so this class can be
+    // used with <algorithms>.
+    using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
+    using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+    using value_type = ElementT;
+    using pointer = ElementT*;
+    using const_pointer = const ElementT*;
+    using reference = ElementT&;
+    using const_reference = const ElementT&;
+    using size_type = size_t;
+
+   private:
+    friend PooledLinkedList;
+
+    iterator_base(PoolT* pool, int32_t index) : nodes_(pool), index_(index) {}
+
+    PoolT* nodes_;
+    int32_t index_ = -1;
+  };
+
+  using iterator = iterator_base<T, std::vector<Node>>;
+  using const_iterator = iterator_base<const T, const std::vector<Node>>;
+
+  bool empty() const { return head_ == -1; }
+
+  T& front() { return nodes_->at(head_).element; }
+  T& back() { return nodes_->at(tail_).element; }
+  const T& front() const { return nodes_->at(head_).element; }
+  const T& back() const { return nodes_->at(tail_).element; }
+
+  iterator begin() { return iterator(&nodes_->vec_, head_); }
+  iterator end() { return iterator(&nodes_->vec_, -1); }
+  const_iterator begin() const { return const_iterator(&nodes_->vec_, head_); }
+  const_iterator end() const { return const_iterator(&nodes_->vec_, -1); }
+
+  // Inserts |element| at the back of the list.
+  void push_back(T element) {
+    int32_t new_tail = nodes_->insert(element);
+    if (head_ == -1) {
+      head_ = new_tail;
+      tail_ = new_tail;
+    } else {
+      nodes_->at(tail_).next = new_tail;
+      tail_ = new_tail;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Removes the first occurrence of |element| from the list.
+  // Returns if |element| was removed.
+  bool remove_first(T element) {
+    int32_t* prev_next = &head_;
+    for (int32_t prev_index = -1, index = head_; index != -1; /**/) {
+      auto& node = nodes_->at(index);
+      if (node.element == element) {
+        // Snip from of the list, optionally fixing up tail pointer.
+        if (tail_ == index) {
+          assert(node.next == -1);
+          tail_ = prev_index;
+        }
+        *prev_next = node.next;
+        nodes_->free_nodes_++;
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        prev_next = &node.next;
+      }
+      prev_index = index;
+      index = node.next;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the PooledLinkedListNodes that owns this list's nodes.
+  NodePool* pool() { return nodes_; }
+
+  // Moves the nodes in this list into |new_pool|, providing a way to compact
+  // storage and reclaim unused space.
+  //
+  // Upon completing a sequence of |move_nodes| calls, you must ensure you
+  // retain ownership of the new storage your lists point to. Example usage:
+  //
+  //    unique_ptr<NodePool> new_pool = ...;
+  //    for (PooledLinkedList& list : lists) {
+  //        list.move_to(new_pool);
+  //    }
+  //    my_pool_ = std::move(new_pool);
+  void move_nodes(NodePool* new_pool) {
+    // Be sure to construct the list in the same order, instead of simply
+    // doing a sequence of push_backs.
+    int32_t prev_entry = -1;
+    int32_t nodes_freed = 0;
+    for (int32_t index = head_; index != -1; nodes_freed++) {
+      const auto& node = nodes_->at(index);
+      int32_t this_entry = new_pool->insert(node.element);
+      index = node.next;
+      if (prev_entry == -1) {
+        head_ = this_entry;
+      } else {
+        new_pool->at(prev_entry).next = this_entry;
+      }
+      prev_entry = this_entry;
+    }
+    tail_ = prev_entry;
+    // Update our old pool's free count, now we're a member of the new pool.
+    nodes_->free_nodes_ += nodes_freed;
+    nodes_ = new_pool;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  NodePool* nodes_;
+  int32_t head_ = -1;
+  int32_t tail_ = -1;
+};
+
+}  // namespace utils
+}  // namespace spvtools
+
+#endif  // SOURCE_UTIL_POOLED_LINKED_LIST_H_
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/source/util/small_vector.h b/source/util/small_vector.h
index f2c1147..648a348 100644
--- a/source/util/small_vector.h
+++ b/source/util/small_vector.h
@@ -64,6 +64,11 @@
     }
   }
 
+  template <class InputIt>
+  SmallVector(InputIt first, InputIt last) : SmallVector() {
+    insert(end(), first, last);
+  }
+
   SmallVector(std::vector<T>&& vec) : SmallVector() {
     if (vec.size() > small_size) {
       large_data_ = MakeUnique<std::vector<T>>(std::move(vec));
@@ -175,9 +180,12 @@
     return true;
   }
 
+// Avoid infinite recursion from rewritten operators in C++20
+#if __cplusplus <= 201703L
   friend bool operator==(const std::vector<T>& lhs, const SmallVector& rhs) {
     return rhs == lhs;
   }
+#endif
 
   friend bool operator!=(const SmallVector& lhs, const std::vector<T>& rhs) {
     return !(lhs == rhs);
@@ -325,6 +333,15 @@
     ++size_;
   }
 
+  void pop_back() {
+    if (large_data_) {
+      large_data_->pop_back();
+    } else {
+      --size_;
+      small_data_[size_].~T();
+    }
+  }
+
   template <class InputIt>
   iterator insert(iterator pos, InputIt first, InputIt last) {
     size_t element_idx = (pos - begin());
@@ -363,7 +380,7 @@
       }
     }
 
-    // Upate the size.
+    // Update the size.
     size_ += num_of_new_elements;
     return pos;
   }
@@ -449,7 +466,7 @@
   T* small_data_;
 
   // The actual data used to store the array elements.  It must never be used
-  // directly, but must only be accesed through |small_data_|.
+  // directly, but must only be accessed through |small_data_|.
   typename std::aligned_storage<sizeof(T), std::alignment_of<T>::value>::type
       buffer[small_size];
 
diff --git a/source/util/string_utils.h b/source/util/string_utils.h
index 4282aa9..03e20b3 100644
--- a/source/util/string_utils.h
+++ b/source/util/string_utils.h
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 #define SOURCE_UTIL_STRING_UTILS_H_
 
 #include <assert.h>
+
+#include <cstring>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
@@ -44,9 +46,10 @@
 // string will be empty.
 std::pair<std::string, std::string> SplitFlagArgs(const std::string& flag);
 
-// Encodes a string as a sequence of words, using the SPIR-V encoding.
-inline std::vector<uint32_t> MakeVector(std::string input) {
-  std::vector<uint32_t> result;
+// Encodes a string as a sequence of words, using the SPIR-V encoding, appending
+// to an existing vector.
+inline void AppendToVector(const std::string& input,
+                           std::vector<uint32_t>* result) {
   uint32_t word = 0;
   size_t num_bytes = input.size();
   // SPIR-V strings are null-terminated.  The byte_index == num_bytes
@@ -56,24 +59,36 @@
         (byte_index < num_bytes ? uint8_t(input[byte_index]) : uint8_t(0));
     word |= (new_byte << (8 * (byte_index % sizeof(uint32_t))));
     if (3 == (byte_index % sizeof(uint32_t))) {
-      result.push_back(word);
+      result->push_back(word);
       word = 0;
     }
   }
   // Emit a trailing partial word.
   if ((num_bytes + 1) % sizeof(uint32_t)) {
-    result.push_back(word);
+    result->push_back(word);
   }
+}
+
+// Encodes a string as a sequence of words, using the SPIR-V encoding.
+inline std::vector<uint32_t> MakeVector(const std::string& input) {
+  std::vector<uint32_t> result;
+  AppendToVector(input, &result);
   return result;
 }
 
-// Decode a string from a sequence of words, using the SPIR-V encoding.
-template <class VectorType>
-inline std::string MakeString(const VectorType& words) {
+// Decode a string from a sequence of words between first and last, using the
+// SPIR-V encoding. Assert that a terminating 0-byte was found (unless
+// assert_found_terminating_null is passed as false).
+template <class InputIt>
+inline std::string MakeString(InputIt first, InputIt last,
+                              bool assert_found_terminating_null = true) {
   std::string result;
+  constexpr size_t kCharsPerWord = sizeof(*first);
+  static_assert(kCharsPerWord == 4, "expect 4-byte word");
 
-  for (uint32_t word : words) {
-    for (int byte_index = 0; byte_index < 4; byte_index++) {
+  for (InputIt pos = first; pos != last; ++pos) {
+    uint32_t word = *pos;
+    for (size_t byte_index = 0; byte_index < kCharsPerWord; byte_index++) {
       uint32_t extracted_word = (word >> (8 * byte_index)) & 0xFF;
       char c = static_cast<char>(extracted_word);
       if (c == 0) {
@@ -82,9 +97,33 @@
       result += c;
     }
   }
-  assert(false && "Did not find terminating null for the string.");
+  assert(!assert_found_terminating_null &&
+         "Did not find terminating null for the string.");
+  (void)assert_found_terminating_null; /* No unused parameters in release
+                                          builds. */
   return result;
-}  // namespace utils
+}
+
+// Decode a string from a sequence of words in a vector, using the SPIR-V
+// encoding.
+template <class VectorType>
+inline std::string MakeString(const VectorType& words,
+                              bool assert_found_terminating_null = true) {
+  return MakeString(words.cbegin(), words.cend(),
+                    assert_found_terminating_null);
+}
+
+// Decode a string from array words, consuming up to count words, using the
+// SPIR-V encoding.
+inline std::string MakeString(const uint32_t* words, size_t num_words,
+                              bool assert_found_terminating_null = true) {
+  return MakeString(words, words + num_words, assert_found_terminating_null);
+}
+
+// Check if str starts with prefix (only included since C++20)
+inline bool starts_with(const std::string& str, const char* prefix) {
+  return 0 == str.compare(0, std::strlen(prefix), prefix);
+}
 
 }  // namespace utils
 }  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/source/util/timer.h b/source/util/timer.h
index fc4b747..0808311 100644
--- a/source/util/timer.h
+++ b/source/util/timer.h
@@ -206,16 +206,16 @@
 
   // Variable to save the result of clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID) when
   // Timer::Stop() is called. It is used as the last status of CPU time. The
-  // resouce usage is measured by subtracting |cpu_before_| from it.
+  // resource usage is measured by subtracting |cpu_before_| from it.
   timespec cpu_after_;
 
   // Variable to save the result of clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) when
   // Timer::Stop() is called. It is used as the last status of WALL time. The
-  // resouce usage is measured by subtracting |wall_before_| from it.
+  // resource usage is measured by subtracting |wall_before_| from it.
   timespec wall_after_;
 
   // Variable to save the result of getrusage() when Timer::Stop() is called. It
-  // is used as the last status of USR time, SYS time, and RSS. Those resouce
+  // is used as the last status of USR time, SYS time, and RSS. Those resource
   // usages are measured by subtracting |usage_before_| from it.
   rusage usage_after_;
 
diff --git a/source/val/basic_block.h b/source/val/basic_block.h
index 5af4b9e..47cd06d 100644
--- a/source/val/basic_block.h
+++ b/source/val/basic_block.h
@@ -84,26 +84,26 @@
       type_.set(type);
   }
 
-  /// Sets the immedate dominator of this basic block
+  /// Sets the immediate dominator of this basic block
   ///
   /// @param[in] dom_block The dominator block
   void SetImmediateDominator(BasicBlock* dom_block);
 
-  /// Sets the immedate post dominator of this basic block
+  /// Sets the immediate post dominator of this basic block
   ///
   /// @param[in] pdom_block The post dominator block
   void SetImmediatePostDominator(BasicBlock* pdom_block);
 
-  /// Returns the immedate dominator of this basic block
+  /// Returns the immediate dominator of this basic block
   BasicBlock* immediate_dominator();
 
-  /// Returns the immedate dominator of this basic block
+  /// Returns the immediate dominator of this basic block
   const BasicBlock* immediate_dominator() const;
 
-  /// Returns the immedate post dominator of this basic block
+  /// Returns the immediate post dominator of this basic block
   BasicBlock* immediate_post_dominator();
 
-  /// Returns the immedate post dominator of this basic block
+  /// Returns the immediate post dominator of this basic block
   const BasicBlock* immediate_post_dominator() const;
 
   /// Returns the label instruction for the block, or nullptr if not set.
diff --git a/source/val/function.cpp b/source/val/function.cpp
index 9ad68e8..f3292b0 100644
--- a/source/val/function.cpp
+++ b/source/val/function.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
                                                  uint32_t type_id) {
   assert(current_block_ == nullptr &&
          "RegisterFunctionParameter can only be called when parsing the binary "
-         "ouside of a block");
+         "outside of a block");
   // TODO(umar): Validate function parameter type order and count
   // TODO(umar): Use these variables to validate parameter type
   (void)parameter_id;
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
     undefined_blocks_.erase(block_id);
     current_block_ = &inserted_block->second;
     ordered_blocks_.push_back(current_block_);
-  } else if (success) {  // Block doesn't exsist but this is not a definition
+  } else if (success) {  // Block doesn't exist but this is not a definition
     undefined_blocks_.insert(block_id);
   }
 
diff --git a/source/val/function.h b/source/val/function.h
index 400bb63..2fe30bd 100644
--- a/source/val/function.h
+++ b/source/val/function.h
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@
 
   /// Registers a variable in the current block
   ///
-  /// @param[in] type_id The type ID of the varaible
-  /// @param[in] id      The ID of the varaible
+  /// @param[in] type_id The type ID of the variable
+  /// @param[in] id      The ID of the variable
   /// @param[in] storage The storage of the variable
   /// @param[in] init_id The initializer ID of the variable
   ///
@@ -197,10 +197,10 @@
   /// been identified and dominators have been computed.
   int GetBlockDepth(BasicBlock* bb);
 
-  /// Prints a GraphViz digraph of the CFG of the current funciton
+  /// Prints a GraphViz digraph of the CFG of the current function
   void PrintDotGraph() const;
 
-  /// Prints a directed graph of the CFG of the current funciton
+  /// Prints a directed graph of the CFG of the current function
   void PrintBlocks() const;
 
   /// Registers execution model limitation such as "Feature X is only available
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@
   /// The type of the return value
   uint32_t result_type_id_;
 
-  /// The control fo the funciton
+  /// The control fo the function
   SpvFunctionControlMask function_control_;
 
   /// The type of declaration of each function
diff --git a/source/val/instruction.cpp b/source/val/instruction.cpp
index b915589..f16fcd7 100644
--- a/source/val/instruction.cpp
+++ b/source/val/instruction.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 
 #include <utility>
 
+#include "source/binary.h"
+#include "source/util/string_utils.h"
+
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace val {
 
@@ -41,5 +44,12 @@
   return lhs.id() == rhs;
 }
 
+template <>
+std::string Instruction::GetOperandAs<std::string>(size_t index) const {
+  const spv_parsed_operand_t& o = operands_.at(index);
+  assert(o.offset + o.num_words <= inst_.num_words);
+  return spvtools::utils::MakeString(words_.data() + o.offset, o.num_words);
+}
+
 }  // namespace val
 }  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/source/val/instruction.h b/source/val/instruction.h
index 617cb06..6d1f9f4 100644
--- a/source/val/instruction.h
+++ b/source/val/instruction.h
@@ -133,6 +133,9 @@
 bool operator==(const Instruction& lhs, const Instruction& rhs);
 bool operator==(const Instruction& lhs, uint32_t rhs);
 
+template <>
+std::string Instruction::GetOperandAs<std::string>(size_t index) const;
+
 }  // namespace val
 }  // namespace spvtools
 
diff --git a/source/val/validate.cpp b/source/val/validate.cpp
index 45b6a46..ecc9fdb 100644
--- a/source/val/validate.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validate.cpp
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
                  /* diagnostic = */ nullptr);
 
   // Parse the module and perform inline validation checks. These checks do
-  // not require the the knowledge of the whole module.
+  // not require the knowledge of the whole module.
   if (auto error = spvBinaryParse(&context, vstate, words, num_words,
                                   /*parsed_header =*/nullptr,
                                   ProcessInstruction, pDiagnostic)) {
@@ -219,9 +219,7 @@
       if (inst->opcode() == SpvOpEntryPoint) {
         const auto entry_point = inst->GetOperandAs<uint32_t>(1);
         const auto execution_model = inst->GetOperandAs<SpvExecutionModel>(0);
-        const char* str = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(
-            inst->words().data() + inst->operand(2).offset);
-        const std::string desc_name(str);
+        const std::string desc_name = inst->GetOperandAs<std::string>(2);
 
         ValidationState_t::EntryPointDescription desc;
         desc.name = desc_name;
@@ -237,9 +235,8 @@
           for (const Instruction* check_inst : visited_entry_points) {
             const auto check_execution_model =
                 check_inst->GetOperandAs<SpvExecutionModel>(0);
-            const char* check_str = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(
-                check_inst->words().data() + inst->operand(2).offset);
-            const std::string check_name(check_str);
+            const std::string check_name =
+                check_inst->GetOperandAs<std::string>(2);
 
             if (desc_name == check_name &&
                 execution_model == check_execution_model) {
@@ -351,7 +348,7 @@
   }
 
   // Validate the preconditions involving adjacent instructions. e.g. SpvOpPhi
-  // must only be preceeded by SpvOpLabel, SpvOpPhi, or SpvOpLine.
+  // must only be preceded by SpvOpLabel, SpvOpPhi, or SpvOpLine.
   if (auto error = ValidateAdjacency(*vstate)) return error;
 
   if (auto error = ValidateEntryPoints(*vstate)) return error;
diff --git a/source/val/validate.h b/source/val/validate.h
index 3fc183d..cb1d05a 100644
--- a/source/val/validate.h
+++ b/source/val/validate.h
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 ///
 /// This function will iterate over all instructions and check for any required
 /// predecessor and/or successor instructions. e.g. SpvOpPhi must only be
-/// preceeded by SpvOpLabel, SpvOpPhi, or SpvOpLine.
+/// preceded by SpvOpLabel, SpvOpPhi, or SpvOpLine.
 ///
 /// @param[in] _ the validation state of the module
 ///
diff --git a/source/val/validate_annotation.cpp b/source/val/validate_annotation.cpp
index 3a77552..bef7ef9 100644
--- a/source/val/validate_annotation.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validate_annotation.cpp
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
 spv_result_t ValidateDecorationTarget(ValidationState_t& _, SpvDecoration dec,
                                       const Instruction* inst,
                                       const Instruction* target) {
-  auto fail = [&_, dec, inst, target](uint32_t vuid = 0) -> DiagnosticStream {
+  auto fail = [&_, dec, inst, target](uint32_t vuid) -> DiagnosticStream {
     DiagnosticStream ds = std::move(
         _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
         << _.VkErrorID(vuid) << LogStringForDecoration(dec)
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
   switch (dec) {
     case SpvDecorationSpecId:
       if (!spvOpcodeIsScalarSpecConstant(target->opcode())) {
-        return fail() << "must be a scalar specialization constant";
+        return fail(0) << "must be a scalar specialization constant";
       }
       break;
     case SpvDecorationBlock:
@@ -249,14 +249,14 @@
     case SpvDecorationGLSLPacked:
     case SpvDecorationCPacked:
       if (target->opcode() != SpvOpTypeStruct) {
-        return fail() << "must be a structure type";
+        return fail(0) << "must be a structure type";
       }
       break;
     case SpvDecorationArrayStride:
       if (target->opcode() != SpvOpTypeArray &&
           target->opcode() != SpvOpTypeRuntimeArray &&
           target->opcode() != SpvOpTypePointer) {
-        return fail() << "must be an array or pointer type";
+        return fail(0) << "must be an array or pointer type";
       }
       break;
     case SpvDecorationBuiltIn:
@@ -269,10 +269,10 @@
       if (_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityShader) &&
           inst->GetOperandAs<SpvBuiltIn>(2) == SpvBuiltInWorkgroupSize) {
         if (!spvOpcodeIsConstant(target->opcode())) {
-          return fail() << "must be a constant for WorkgroupSize";
+          return fail(0) << "must be a constant for WorkgroupSize";
         }
       } else if (target->opcode() != SpvOpVariable) {
-        return fail() << "must be a variable";
+        return fail(0) << "must be a variable";
       }
       break;
     case SpvDecorationNoPerspective:
@@ -294,10 +294,10 @@
     case SpvDecorationAliasedPointer:
       if (target->opcode() != SpvOpVariable &&
           target->opcode() != SpvOpFunctionParameter) {
-        return fail() << "must be a memory object declaration";
+        return fail(0) << "must be a memory object declaration";
       }
       if (_.GetIdOpcode(target->type_id()) != SpvOpTypePointer) {
-        return fail() << "must be a pointer type";
+        return fail(0) << "must be a pointer type";
       }
       break;
     case SpvDecorationInvariant:
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@
     case SpvDecorationDescriptorSet:
     case SpvDecorationInputAttachmentIndex:
       if (target->opcode() != SpvOpVariable) {
-        return fail() << "must be a variable";
+        return fail(0) << "must be a variable";
       }
       break;
     default:
@@ -326,19 +326,22 @@
       case SpvDecorationLocation:
       case SpvDecorationComponent:
         // Location is used for input, output and ray tracing stages.
-        if (sc == SpvStorageClassStorageBuffer ||
-            sc == SpvStorageClassUniform ||
-            sc == SpvStorageClassUniformConstant ||
-            sc == SpvStorageClassWorkgroup || sc == SpvStorageClassPrivate ||
-            sc == SpvStorageClassFunction) {
+        if (sc != SpvStorageClassInput && sc != SpvStorageClassOutput &&
+            sc != SpvStorageClassRayPayloadKHR &&
+            sc != SpvStorageClassIncomingRayPayloadKHR &&
+            sc != SpvStorageClassHitAttributeKHR &&
+            sc != SpvStorageClassCallableDataKHR &&
+            sc != SpvStorageClassIncomingCallableDataKHR &&
+            sc != SpvStorageClassShaderRecordBufferKHR) {
           return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, target)
-                 << LogStringForDecoration(dec)
+                 << _.VkErrorID(6672) << LogStringForDecoration(dec)
                  << " decoration must not be applied to this storage class";
         }
         break;
       case SpvDecorationIndex:
+        // Langauge from SPIR-V definition of Index
         if (sc != SpvStorageClassOutput) {
-          return fail() << "must be in the Output storage class";
+          return fail(0) << "must be in the Output storage class";
         }
         break;
       case SpvDecorationBinding:
@@ -346,13 +349,13 @@
         if (sc != SpvStorageClassStorageBuffer &&
             sc != SpvStorageClassUniform &&
             sc != SpvStorageClassUniformConstant) {
-          return fail() << "must be in the StorageBuffer, Uniform, or "
-                           "UniformConstant storage class";
+          return fail(6491) << "must be in the StorageBuffer, Uniform, or "
+                               "UniformConstant storage class";
         }
         break;
       case SpvDecorationInputAttachmentIndex:
         if (sc != SpvStorageClassUniformConstant) {
-          return fail() << "must be in the UniformConstant storage class";
+          return fail(6678) << "must be in the UniformConstant storage class";
         }
         break;
       case SpvDecorationFlat:
diff --git a/source/val/validate_arithmetics.cpp b/source/val/validate_arithmetics.cpp
index 433330d..bae9b5d 100644
--- a/source/val/validate_arithmetics.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validate_arithmetics.cpp
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
           first_vector_num_components = num_components;
         } else if (num_components != first_vector_num_components) {
           return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-                 << "Expected operands to have the same number of componenets: "
+                 << "Expected operands to have the same number of components: "
                  << spvOpcodeString(opcode);
         }
       }
diff --git a/source/val/validate_atomics.cpp b/source/val/validate_atomics.cpp
index cfa15d9..3b0a7fa 100644
--- a/source/val/validate_atomics.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validate_atomics.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
     case SpvStorageClassAtomicCounter:
     case SpvStorageClassImage:
     case SpvStorageClassFunction:
-    case SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBufferEXT:
+    case SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBuffer:
       return true;
       break;
     default:
diff --git a/source/val/validate_bitwise.cpp b/source/val/validate_bitwise.cpp
index d46b3fc..e6e97c4 100644
--- a/source/val/validate_bitwise.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validate_bitwise.cpp
@@ -14,16 +14,48 @@
 
 // Validates correctness of bitwise instructions.
 
-#include "source/val/validate.h"
-
 #include "source/diagnostic.h"
 #include "source/opcode.h"
+#include "source/spirv_target_env.h"
 #include "source/val/instruction.h"
+#include "source/val/validate.h"
 #include "source/val/validation_state.h"
 
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace val {
 
+// Validates when base and result need to be the same type
+spv_result_t ValidateBaseType(ValidationState_t& _, const Instruction* inst,
+                              const uint32_t base_type) {
+  const SpvOp opcode = inst->opcode();
+
+  if (!_.IsIntScalarType(base_type) && !_.IsIntVectorType(base_type)) {
+    return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+           << _.VkErrorID(4781)
+           << "Expected int scalar or vector type for Base operand: "
+           << spvOpcodeString(opcode);
+  }
+
+  // Vulkan has a restriction to 32 bit for base
+  if (spvIsVulkanEnv(_.context()->target_env)) {
+    if (_.GetBitWidth(base_type) != 32) {
+      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+             << _.VkErrorID(4781)
+             << "Expected 32-bit int type for Base operand: "
+             << spvOpcodeString(opcode);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // OpBitCount just needs same number of components
+  if (base_type != inst->type_id() && opcode != SpvOpBitCount) {
+    return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+           << "Expected Base Type to be equal to Result Type: "
+           << spvOpcodeString(opcode);
+  }
+
+  return SPV_SUCCESS;
+}
+
 // Validates correctness of bitwise instructions.
 spv_result_t BitwisePass(ValidationState_t& _, const Instruction* inst) {
   const SpvOp opcode = inst->opcode();
@@ -109,20 +141,14 @@
     }
 
     case SpvOpBitFieldInsert: {
-      if (!_.IsIntScalarType(result_type) && !_.IsIntVectorType(result_type))
-        return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-               << "Expected int scalar or vector type as Result Type: "
-               << spvOpcodeString(opcode);
-
       const uint32_t base_type = _.GetOperandTypeId(inst, 2);
       const uint32_t insert_type = _.GetOperandTypeId(inst, 3);
       const uint32_t offset_type = _.GetOperandTypeId(inst, 4);
       const uint32_t count_type = _.GetOperandTypeId(inst, 5);
 
-      if (base_type != result_type)
-        return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-               << "Expected Base Type to be equal to Result Type: "
-               << spvOpcodeString(opcode);
+      if (spv_result_t error = ValidateBaseType(_, inst, base_type)) {
+        return error;
+      }
 
       if (insert_type != result_type)
         return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
@@ -143,19 +169,13 @@
 
     case SpvOpBitFieldSExtract:
     case SpvOpBitFieldUExtract: {
-      if (!_.IsIntScalarType(result_type) && !_.IsIntVectorType(result_type))
-        return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-               << "Expected int scalar or vector type as Result Type: "
-               << spvOpcodeString(opcode);
-
       const uint32_t base_type = _.GetOperandTypeId(inst, 2);
       const uint32_t offset_type = _.GetOperandTypeId(inst, 3);
       const uint32_t count_type = _.GetOperandTypeId(inst, 4);
 
-      if (base_type != result_type)
-        return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-               << "Expected Base Type to be equal to Result Type: "
-               << spvOpcodeString(opcode);
+      if (spv_result_t error = ValidateBaseType(_, inst, base_type)) {
+        return error;
+      }
 
       if (!offset_type || !_.IsIntScalarType(offset_type))
         return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
@@ -170,17 +190,12 @@
     }
 
     case SpvOpBitReverse: {
-      if (!_.IsIntScalarType(result_type) && !_.IsIntVectorType(result_type))
-        return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-               << "Expected int scalar or vector type as Result Type: "
-               << spvOpcodeString(opcode);
-
       const uint32_t base_type = _.GetOperandTypeId(inst, 2);
 
-      if (base_type != result_type)
-        return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-               << "Expected Base Type to be equal to Result Type: "
-               << spvOpcodeString(opcode);
+      if (spv_result_t error = ValidateBaseType(_, inst, base_type)) {
+        return error;
+      }
+
       break;
     }
 
@@ -191,15 +206,13 @@
                << spvOpcodeString(opcode);
 
       const uint32_t base_type = _.GetOperandTypeId(inst, 2);
-      if (!base_type ||
-          (!_.IsIntScalarType(base_type) && !_.IsIntVectorType(base_type)))
-        return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-               << "Expected Base Type to be int scalar or vector: "
-               << spvOpcodeString(opcode);
-
       const uint32_t base_dimension = _.GetDimension(base_type);
       const uint32_t result_dimension = _.GetDimension(result_type);
 
+      if (spv_result_t error = ValidateBaseType(_, inst, base_type)) {
+        return error;
+      }
+
       if (base_dimension != result_dimension)
         return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
                << "Expected Base dimension to be equal to Result Type "
diff --git a/source/val/validate_cfg.cpp b/source/val/validate_cfg.cpp
index 7842e56..dd605d2 100644
--- a/source/val/validate_cfg.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validate_cfg.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 
 #include "source/cfa.h"
 #include "source/opcode.h"
+#include "source/spirv_constant.h"
 #include "source/spirv_target_env.h"
 #include "source/spirv_validator_options.h"
 #include "source/val/basic_block.h"
@@ -54,8 +55,7 @@
   }
   if (_.IsPointerType(inst->type_id()) &&
       _.addressing_model() == SpvAddressingModelLogical) {
-    if (!_.features().variable_pointers &&
-        !_.features().variable_pointers_storage_buffer) {
+    if (!_.features().variable_pointers) {
       return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
              << "Using pointers with OpPhi requires capability "
              << "VariablePointers or VariablePointersStorageBuffer";
@@ -191,6 +191,12 @@
               "ID of an OpLabel instruction";
   }
 
+  if (_.version() >= SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_WORD(1, 6) && true_id == false_id) {
+    return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
+           << "In SPIR-V 1.6 or later, True Label and False Label must be "
+              "different labels";
+  }
+
   return SPV_SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -242,13 +248,9 @@
            << _.getIdName(value->type_id()) << "' is missing or void.";
   }
 
-  const bool uses_variable_pointer =
-      _.features().variable_pointers ||
-      _.features().variable_pointers_storage_buffer;
-
   if (_.addressing_model() == SpvAddressingModelLogical &&
-      SpvOpTypePointer == value_type->opcode() && !uses_variable_pointer &&
-      !_.options()->relax_logical_pointer) {
+      SpvOpTypePointer == value_type->opcode() &&
+      !_.features().variable_pointers && !_.options()->relax_logical_pointer) {
     return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
            << "OpReturnValue value's type <id> '"
            << _.getIdName(value->type_id())
@@ -668,7 +670,7 @@
     } else if (terminator->opcode() == SpvOpSwitch) {
       if (!merge) {
         return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_CFG, terminator)
-               << "OpSwitch must be preceeded by an OpSelectionMerge "
+               << "OpSwitch must be preceded by an OpSelectionMerge "
                   "instruction";
       }
       // Mark the targets as seen.
@@ -910,7 +912,7 @@
           }
         }
       }
-      // If we have structed control flow, check that no block has a control
+      // If we have structured control flow, check that no block has a control
       // flow nesting depth larger than the limit.
       if (_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityShader)) {
         const int control_flow_nesting_depth_limit =
diff --git a/source/val/validate_decorations.cpp b/source/val/validate_decorations.cpp
index 3cdb471..73d512a 100644
--- a/source/val/validate_decorations.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validate_decorations.cpp
@@ -21,11 +21,13 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include "source/binary.h"
 #include "source/diagnostic.h"
 #include "source/opcode.h"
 #include "source/spirv_constant.h"
 #include "source/spirv_target_env.h"
 #include "source/spirv_validator_options.h"
+#include "source/util/string_utils.h"
 #include "source/val/validate_scopes.h"
 #include "source/val/validation_state.h"
 
@@ -96,6 +98,14 @@
       });
 }
 
+// Returns true if the given structure type has a Block decoration.
+bool isBlock(uint32_t struct_id, ValidationState_t& vstate) {
+  const auto& decorations = vstate.id_decorations(struct_id);
+  return std::any_of(
+      decorations.begin(), decorations.end(),
+      [](const Decoration& d) { return SpvDecorationBlock == d.dec_type(); });
+}
+
 // Returns true if the given ID has the Import LinkageAttributes decoration.
 bool hasImportLinkageAttribute(uint32_t id, ValidationState_t& vstate) {
   const auto& decorations = vstate.id_decorations(id);
@@ -455,7 +465,7 @@
         return lhs.offset < rhs.offset;
       });
 
-  // Now scan from lowest offest to highest offset.
+  // Now scan from lowest offset to highest offset.
   uint32_t nextValidOffset = 0;
   for (size_t ordered_member_idx = 0;
        ordered_member_idx < member_offsets.size(); ordered_member_idx++) {
@@ -702,7 +712,7 @@
       if (d.dec_type() == SpvDecorationLocation ||
           d.dec_type() == SpvDecorationComponent) {
         return vstate.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, vstate.FindDef(var_id))
-               << "A BuiltIn variable (id " << var_id
+               << vstate.VkErrorID(4915) << "A BuiltIn variable (id " << var_id
                << ") cannot have any Location or Component decorations";
       }
     }
@@ -710,12 +720,12 @@
   return SPV_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-// Checks whether proper decorations have been appied to the entry points.
+// Checks whether proper decorations have been applied to the entry points.
 spv_result_t CheckDecorationsOfEntryPoints(ValidationState_t& vstate) {
   for (uint32_t entry_point : vstate.entry_points()) {
     const auto& descs = vstate.entry_point_descriptions(entry_point);
-    int num_builtin_inputs = 0;
-    int num_builtin_outputs = 0;
+    int num_builtin_block_inputs = 0;
+    int num_builtin_block_outputs = 0;
     int num_workgroup_variables = 0;
     int num_workgroup_variables_with_block = 0;
     int num_workgroup_variables_with_aliased = 0;
@@ -766,9 +776,20 @@
         Instruction* type_instr = vstate.FindDef(type_id);
         if (type_instr && SpvOpTypeStruct == type_instr->opcode() &&
             isBuiltInStruct(type_id, vstate)) {
-          if (storage_class == SpvStorageClassInput) ++num_builtin_inputs;
-          if (storage_class == SpvStorageClassOutput) ++num_builtin_outputs;
-          if (num_builtin_inputs > 1 || num_builtin_outputs > 1) break;
+          if (!isBlock(type_id, vstate)) {
+            return vstate.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, vstate.FindDef(type_id))
+                   << vstate.VkErrorID(4919)
+                   << "Interface struct has no Block decoration but has "
+                      "BuiltIn members. "
+                      "Location decorations must be used on each member of "
+                      "OpVariable with a structure type that is a block not "
+                      "decorated with Location.";
+          }
+          if (storage_class == SpvStorageClassInput) ++num_builtin_block_inputs;
+          if (storage_class == SpvStorageClassOutput)
+            ++num_builtin_block_outputs;
+          if (num_builtin_block_inputs > 1 || num_builtin_block_outputs > 1)
+            break;
           if (auto error = CheckBuiltInVariable(interface, vstate))
             return error;
         } else if (isBuiltInVar(interface, vstate)) {
@@ -786,7 +807,7 @@
           }
         }
       }
-      if (num_builtin_inputs > 1 || num_builtin_outputs > 1) {
+      if (num_builtin_block_inputs > 1 || num_builtin_block_outputs > 1) {
         return vstate.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_BINARY,
                            vstate.FindDef(entry_point))
                << "There must be at most one object per Storage Class that can "
@@ -798,8 +819,8 @@
       // targeted by an OpEntryPoint instruction
       for (auto& decoration : vstate.id_decorations(entry_point)) {
         if (SpvDecorationLinkageAttributes == decoration.dec_type()) {
-          const char* linkage_name =
-              reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&decoration.params()[0]);
+          const std::string linkage_name =
+              spvtools::utils::MakeString(decoration.params());
           return vstate.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_BINARY,
                              vstate.FindDef(entry_point))
                  << "The LinkageAttributes Decoration (Linkage name: "
@@ -935,41 +956,41 @@
       const bool storage_buffer = storageClass == SpvStorageClassStorageBuffer;
 
       if (spvIsVulkanEnv(vstate.context()->target_env)) {
-        // Vulkan 14.5.1: There must be no more than one PushConstant block
-        // per entry point.
+        // Vulkan: There must be no more than one PushConstant block per entry
+        // point.
         if (push_constant) {
           auto entry_points = vstate.EntryPointReferences(var_id);
           for (auto ep_id : entry_points) {
             const bool already_used = !uses_push_constant.insert(ep_id).second;
             if (already_used) {
               return vstate.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, vstate.FindDef(var_id))
-                     << "Entry point id '" << ep_id
+                     << vstate.VkErrorID(6674) << "Entry point id '" << ep_id
                      << "' uses more than one PushConstant interface.\n"
-                     << "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.1:\n"
+                     << "From Vulkan spec:\n"
                      << "There must be no more than one push constant block "
                      << "statically used per shader entry point.";
             }
           }
         }
-        // Vulkan 14.5.2: Check DescriptorSet and Binding decoration for
+        // Vulkan: Check DescriptorSet and Binding decoration for
         // UniformConstant which cannot be a struct.
         if (uniform_constant) {
           auto entry_points = vstate.EntryPointReferences(var_id);
           if (!entry_points.empty() &&
               !hasDecoration(var_id, SpvDecorationDescriptorSet, vstate)) {
             return vstate.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, vstate.FindDef(var_id))
-                   << "UniformConstant id '" << var_id
+                   << vstate.VkErrorID(6677) << "UniformConstant id '" << var_id
                    << "' is missing DescriptorSet decoration.\n"
-                   << "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\n"
+                   << "From Vulkan spec:\n"
                    << "These variables must have DescriptorSet and Binding "
                       "decorations specified";
           }
           if (!entry_points.empty() &&
               !hasDecoration(var_id, SpvDecorationBinding, vstate)) {
             return vstate.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, vstate.FindDef(var_id))
-                   << "UniformConstant id '" << var_id
+                   << vstate.VkErrorID(6677) << "UniformConstant id '" << var_id
                    << "' is missing Binding decoration.\n"
-                   << "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\n"
+                   << "From Vulkan spec:\n"
                    << "These variables must have DescriptorSet and Binding "
                       "decorations specified";
           }
@@ -996,7 +1017,7 @@
       }
 
       const bool phys_storage_buffer =
-          storageClass == SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBufferEXT;
+          storageClass == SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBuffer;
       const bool workgroup =
           storageClass == SpvStorageClassWorkgroup &&
           vstate.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityWorkgroupMemoryExplicitLayoutKHR);
@@ -1030,55 +1051,55 @@
               hasDecoration(id, SpvDecorationBufferBlock, vstate);
           if (storage_buffer && buffer_block) {
             return vstate.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, vstate.FindDef(var_id))
-                   << "Storage buffer id '" << var_id
+                   << vstate.VkErrorID(6675) << "Storage buffer id '" << var_id
                    << " In Vulkan, BufferBlock is disallowed on variables in "
                       "the StorageBuffer storage class";
           }
-          // Vulkan 14.5.1/2: Check Block decoration for PushConstant, Uniform
+          // Vulkan: Check Block decoration for PushConstant, Uniform
           // and StorageBuffer variables. Uniform can also use BufferBlock.
           if (push_constant && !block) {
             return vstate.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, vstate.FindDef(id))
-                   << "PushConstant id '" << id
+                   << vstate.VkErrorID(6675) << "PushConstant id '" << id
                    << "' is missing Block decoration.\n"
-                   << "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.1:\n"
+                   << "From Vulkan spec:\n"
                    << "Such variables must be identified with a Block "
                       "decoration";
           }
           if (storage_buffer && !block) {
             return vstate.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, vstate.FindDef(id))
-                   << "StorageBuffer id '" << id
+                   << vstate.VkErrorID(6675) << "StorageBuffer id '" << id
                    << "' is missing Block decoration.\n"
-                   << "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\n"
+                   << "From Vulkan spec:\n"
                    << "Such variables must be identified with a Block "
                       "decoration";
           }
           if (uniform && !block && !buffer_block) {
             return vstate.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, vstate.FindDef(id))
-                   << "Uniform id '" << id
+                   << vstate.VkErrorID(6676) << "Uniform id '" << id
                    << "' is missing Block or BufferBlock decoration.\n"
-                   << "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\n"
+                   << "From Vulkan spec:\n"
                    << "Such variables must be identified with a Block or "
                       "BufferBlock decoration";
           }
-          // Vulkan 14.5.2: Check DescriptorSet and Binding decoration for
+          // Vulkan: Check DescriptorSet and Binding decoration for
           // Uniform and StorageBuffer variables.
           if (uniform || storage_buffer) {
             auto entry_points = vstate.EntryPointReferences(var_id);
             if (!entry_points.empty() &&
                 !hasDecoration(var_id, SpvDecorationDescriptorSet, vstate)) {
               return vstate.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, vstate.FindDef(var_id))
-                     << sc_str << " id '" << var_id
+                     << vstate.VkErrorID(6677) << sc_str << " id '" << var_id
                      << "' is missing DescriptorSet decoration.\n"
-                     << "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\n"
+                     << "From Vulkan spec:\n"
                      << "These variables must have DescriptorSet and Binding "
                         "decorations specified";
             }
             if (!entry_points.empty() &&
                 !hasDecoration(var_id, SpvDecorationBinding, vstate)) {
               return vstate.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, vstate.FindDef(var_id))
-                     << sc_str << " id '" << var_id
+                     << vstate.VkErrorID(6677) << sc_str << " id '" << var_id
                      << "' is missing Binding decoration.\n"
-                     << "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\n"
+                     << "From Vulkan spec:\n"
                      << "These variables must have DescriptorSet and Binding "
                         "decorations specified";
             }
@@ -1386,11 +1407,11 @@
         storage != SpvStorageClassUniform &&
         storage != SpvStorageClassPushConstant &&
         storage != SpvStorageClassInput && storage != SpvStorageClassOutput &&
-        storage != SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBufferEXT) {
+        storage != SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBuffer) {
       return vstate.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, &inst)
              << "FPRoundingMode decoration can be applied only to the "
                 "Object operand of an OpStore in the StorageBuffer, "
-                "PhysicalStorageBufferEXT, Uniform, PushConstant, Input, or "
+                "PhysicalStorageBuffer, Uniform, PushConstant, Input, or "
                 "Output Storage Classes.";
     }
   }
diff --git a/source/val/validate_extensions.cpp b/source/val/validate_extensions.cpp
index dccbe14..fcf04e2 100644
--- a/source/val/validate_extensions.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validate_extensions.cpp
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@
   }
 
 // True if the operand of a debug info instruction |inst| at |word_index|
-// satisifies |expectation| that is given as a function. Otherwise,
+// satisfies |expectation| that is given as a function. Otherwise,
 // returns false.
 bool DoesDebugInfoOperandMatchExpectation(
     const ValidationState_t& _,
@@ -147,6 +147,24 @@
   return true;
 }
 
+// Overload for NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100Instructions.
+bool DoesDebugInfoOperandMatchExpectation(
+    const ValidationState_t& _,
+    const std::function<bool(NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100Instructions)>&
+        expectation,
+    const Instruction* inst, uint32_t word_index) {
+  if (inst->words().size() <= word_index) return false;
+  auto* debug_inst = _.FindDef(inst->word(word_index));
+  if (debug_inst->opcode() != SpvOpExtInst ||
+      (debug_inst->ext_inst_type() !=
+       SPV_EXT_INST_TYPE_NONSEMANTIC_SHADER_DEBUGINFO_100) ||
+      !expectation(
+          NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100Instructions(debug_inst->word(4)))) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 // Check that the operand of a debug info instruction |inst| at |word_index|
 // is a result id of an debug info instruction whose debug instruction type
 // is |expected_debug_inst|.
@@ -223,6 +241,18 @@
     const Instruction* inst, uint32_t word_index,
     const std::function<std::string()>& ext_inst_name,
     bool allow_template_param) {
+  // Check for NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100 specific types.
+  if (inst->ext_inst_type() ==
+      SPV_EXT_INST_TYPE_NONSEMANTIC_SHADER_DEBUGINFO_100) {
+    std::function<bool(NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100Instructions)> expectation =
+        [](NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100Instructions dbg_inst) {
+          return dbg_inst == NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypeMatrix;
+        };
+    if (DoesDebugInfoOperandMatchExpectation(_, expectation, inst, word_index))
+      return SPV_SUCCESS;
+  }
+
+  // Check for common types.
   std::function<bool(CommonDebugInfoInstructions)> expectation =
       [&allow_template_param](CommonDebugInfoInstructions dbg_inst) {
         if (allow_template_param &&
@@ -280,8 +310,7 @@
     return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst) << "Name must be an OpString";
   }
 
-  const std::string name_str = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(
-      name->words().data() + name->operands()[1].offset);
+  const std::string name_str = name->GetOperandAs<std::string>(1);
   bool found = false;
   for (auto& desc : _.entry_point_descriptions(kernel_id)) {
     if (name_str == desc.name) {
@@ -740,9 +769,9 @@
 spv_result_t ValidateExtInstImport(ValidationState_t& _,
                                    const Instruction* inst) {
   const auto name_id = 1;
-  if (!_.HasExtension(kSPV_KHR_non_semantic_info)) {
-    const std::string name(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(
-        inst->words().data() + inst->operands()[name_id].offset));
+  if (_.version() <= SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_WORD(1, 5) &&
+      !_.HasExtension(kSPV_KHR_non_semantic_info)) {
+    const std::string name = inst->GetOperandAs<std::string>(name_id);
     if (name.find("NonSemantic.") == 0) {
       return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
              << "NonSemantic extended instruction sets cannot be declared "
@@ -774,7 +803,7 @@
     assert(import_inst);
 
     std::ostringstream ss;
-    ss << reinterpret_cast<const char*>(import_inst->words().data() + 2);
+    ss << import_inst->GetOperandAs<std::string>(1);
     ss << " ";
     ss << desc->name;
 
@@ -2720,6 +2749,86 @@
 
     auto num_words = inst->words().size();
 
+    // Handle any non-common NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo instructions.
+    if (vulkanDebugInfo) {
+      const NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100Instructions ext_inst_key =
+          NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100Instructions(ext_inst_index);
+      switch (ext_inst_key) {
+        // The following block of instructions will be handled by the common
+        // validation.
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugInfoNone:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugCompilationUnit:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypeBasic:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypePointer:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypeQualifier:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypeArray:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypeVector:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypedef:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypeFunction:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypeEnum:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypeComposite:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypeMember:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypeInheritance:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypePtrToMember:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypeTemplate:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypeTemplateParameter:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypeTemplateTemplateParameter:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypeTemplateParameterPack:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugGlobalVariable:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugFunctionDeclaration:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugFunction:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugLexicalBlock:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugLexicalBlockDiscriminator:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugScope:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugNoScope:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugInlinedAt:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugLocalVariable:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugInlinedVariable:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugDeclare:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugValue:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugOperation:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugExpression:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugMacroDef:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugMacroUndef:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugImportedEntity:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugSource:
+          break;
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugTypeMatrix: {
+          CHECK_DEBUG_OPERAND("Vector Type", CommonDebugInfoDebugTypeVector, 5);
+
+          CHECK_CONST_UINT_OPERAND("Vector Count", 6);
+
+          uint32_t vector_count = inst->word(6);
+          uint64_t const_val;
+          if (!_.GetConstantValUint64(vector_count, &const_val)) {
+            return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+                   << ext_inst_name()
+                   << ": Vector Count must be 32-bit integer OpConstant";
+          }
+
+          vector_count = const_val & 0xffffffff;
+          if (!vector_count || vector_count > 4) {
+            return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+                   << ext_inst_name() << ": Vector Count must be positive "
+                   << "integer less than or equal to 4";
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        // TODO: Add validation rules for remaining cases as well.
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugFunctionDefinition:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugSourceContinued:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugLine:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugNoLine:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugBuildIdentifier:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugStoragePath:
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100DebugEntryPoint:
+          break;
+        case NonSemanticShaderDebugInfo100InstructionsMax:
+          assert(0);
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+
     // Handle any non-common OpenCL insts, then common
     if (ext_inst_type != SPV_EXT_INST_TYPE_OPENCL_DEBUGINFO_100 ||
         OpenCLDebugInfo100Instructions(ext_inst_index) !=
@@ -2805,8 +2914,9 @@
             bool invalid = false;
             auto* component_count = _.FindDef(inst->word(i));
             if (IsConstIntScalarTypeWith32Or64Bits(_, component_count)) {
-              // TODO: We need a spec discussion for the bindless array.
-              if (!component_count->word(3)) {
+              // TODO: We need a spec discussion for the runtime array for
+              // OpenCL.
+              if (!vulkanDebugInfo && !component_count->word(3)) {
                 invalid = true;
               }
             } else if (component_count->words().size() > 6 &&
@@ -3264,8 +3374,7 @@
     }
   } else if (ext_inst_type == SPV_EXT_INST_TYPE_NONSEMANTIC_CLSPVREFLECTION) {
     auto import_inst = _.FindDef(inst->GetOperandAs<uint32_t>(2));
-    const std::string name(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(
-        import_inst->words().data() + import_inst->operands()[1].offset));
+    const std::string name = import_inst->GetOperandAs<std::string>(1);
     const std::string reflection = "NonSemantic.ClspvReflection.";
     char* end_ptr;
     auto version_string = name.substr(reflection.size());
diff --git a/source/val/validate_function.cpp b/source/val/validate_function.cpp
index 596186b..2a5fed8 100644
--- a/source/val/validate_function.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validate_function.cpp
@@ -147,8 +147,8 @@
               "type of the same index.";
   }
 
-  // Validate that PhysicalStorageBufferEXT have one of Restrict, Aliased,
-  // RestrictPointerEXT, or AliasedPointerEXT.
+  // Validate that PhysicalStorageBuffer have one of Restrict, Aliased,
+  // RestrictPointer, or AliasedPointer.
   auto param_nonarray_type_id = param_type->id();
   while (_.GetIdOpcode(param_nonarray_type_id) == SpvOpTypeArray) {
     param_nonarray_type_id =
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
   if (_.GetIdOpcode(param_nonarray_type_id) == SpvOpTypePointer) {
     auto param_nonarray_type = _.FindDef(param_nonarray_type_id);
     if (param_nonarray_type->GetOperandAs<uint32_t>(1u) ==
-        SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBufferEXT) {
+        SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBuffer) {
       // check for Aliased or Restrict
       const auto& decorations = _.id_decorations(inst->id());
 
@@ -174,14 +174,14 @@
       if (!foundAliased && !foundRestrict) {
         return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
                << "OpFunctionParameter " << inst->id()
-               << ": expected Aliased or Restrict for PhysicalStorageBufferEXT "
+               << ": expected Aliased or Restrict for PhysicalStorageBuffer "
                   "pointer.";
       }
       if (foundAliased && foundRestrict) {
         return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
                << "OpFunctionParameter " << inst->id()
                << ": can't specify both Aliased and Restrict for "
-                  "PhysicalStorageBufferEXT pointer.";
+                  "PhysicalStorageBuffer pointer.";
       }
     } else {
       const auto pointee_type_id =
@@ -189,31 +189,31 @@
       const auto pointee_type = _.FindDef(pointee_type_id);
       if (SpvOpTypePointer == pointee_type->opcode() &&
           pointee_type->GetOperandAs<uint32_t>(1u) ==
-              SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBufferEXT) {
-        // check for AliasedPointerEXT/RestrictPointerEXT
+              SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBuffer) {
+        // check for AliasedPointer/RestrictPointer
         const auto& decorations = _.id_decorations(inst->id());
 
         bool foundAliased = std::any_of(
             decorations.begin(), decorations.end(), [](const Decoration& d) {
-              return SpvDecorationAliasedPointerEXT == d.dec_type();
+              return SpvDecorationAliasedPointer == d.dec_type();
             });
 
         bool foundRestrict = std::any_of(
             decorations.begin(), decorations.end(), [](const Decoration& d) {
-              return SpvDecorationRestrictPointerEXT == d.dec_type();
+              return SpvDecorationRestrictPointer == d.dec_type();
             });
 
         if (!foundAliased && !foundRestrict) {
           return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
                  << "OpFunctionParameter " << inst->id()
-                 << ": expected AliasedPointerEXT or RestrictPointerEXT for "
-                    "PhysicalStorageBufferEXT pointer.";
+                 << ": expected AliasedPointer or RestrictPointer for "
+                    "PhysicalStorageBuffer pointer.";
         }
         if (foundAliased && foundRestrict) {
           return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
                  << "OpFunctionParameter " << inst->id()
-                 << ": can't specify both AliasedPointerEXT and "
-                    "RestrictPointerEXT for PhysicalStorageBufferEXT pointer.";
+                 << ": can't specify both AliasedPointer and "
+                    "RestrictPointer for PhysicalStorageBuffer pointer.";
         }
       }
     }
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@
             // These are always allowed.
             break;
           case SpvStorageClassStorageBuffer:
-            if (!_.features().variable_pointers_storage_buffer) {
+            if (!_.features().variable_pointers) {
               return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
                      << "StorageBuffer pointer operand "
                      << _.getIdName(argument_id)
@@ -316,11 +316,10 @@
         // Validate memory object declaration requirements.
         if (argument->opcode() != SpvOpVariable &&
             argument->opcode() != SpvOpFunctionParameter) {
-          const bool ssbo_vptr =
-              _.features().variable_pointers_storage_buffer &&
-              sc == SpvStorageClassStorageBuffer;
-          const bool wg_vptr =
-              _.features().variable_pointers && sc == SpvStorageClassWorkgroup;
+          const bool ssbo_vptr = _.features().variable_pointers &&
+                                 sc == SpvStorageClassStorageBuffer;
+          const bool wg_vptr = _.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityVariablePointers) &&
+                               sc == SpvStorageClassWorkgroup;
           const bool uc_ptr = sc == SpvStorageClassUniformConstant;
           if (!ssbo_vptr && !wg_vptr && !uc_ptr) {
             return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
diff --git a/source/val/validate_image.cpp b/source/val/validate_image.cpp
index 64f6ba7..f6d7d10 100644
--- a/source/val/validate_image.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validate_image.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2017 Google Inc.
+// Copyright (c) 2017 Google Inc.
 // Modifications Copyright (C) 2020 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights
 // reserved.
 //
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include "source/diagnostic.h"
 #include "source/opcode.h"
+#include "source/spirv_constant.h"
 #include "source/spirv_target_env.h"
 #include "source/util/bitutils.h"
 #include "source/val/instruction.h"
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@
     //                blocks other PRs.
     // https://github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Tools/issues/4565
     case SpvImageOperandsOffsetsMask:
+    case SpvImageOperandsNontemporalMask:
       return true;
   }
   return false;
@@ -258,7 +260,8 @@
         mask & ~uint32_t(SpvImageOperandsNonPrivateTexelKHRMask |
                          SpvImageOperandsVolatileTexelKHRMask |
                          SpvImageOperandsSignExtendMask |
-                         SpvImageOperandsZeroExtendMask);
+                         SpvImageOperandsZeroExtendMask |
+                         SpvImageOperandsNontemporalMask);
     size_t expected_num_image_operand_words =
         spvtools::utils::CountSetBits(mask_bits_having_operands);
     if (mask & SpvImageOperandsGradMask) {
@@ -500,7 +503,7 @@
     if (!_.IsIntVectorType(component_type) ||
         _.GetDimension(component_type) != 2) {
       return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-             << "Expected Image Operand ConstOffsets array componenets to be "
+             << "Expected Image Operand ConstOffsets array components to be "
                 "int vectors of size 2";
     }
 
@@ -630,68 +633,71 @@
     // TODO: add validation
   }
 
+  if (mask & SpvImageOperandsNontemporalMask) {
+    // Checked elsewhere: SPIR-V 1.6 version or later.
+  }
+
   return SPV_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-// Checks some of the validation rules which are common to multiple opcodes.
-spv_result_t ValidateImageCommon(ValidationState_t& _, const Instruction* inst,
-                                 const ImageTypeInfo& info) {
-  const SpvOp opcode = inst->opcode();
-  if (IsProj(opcode)) {
-    if (info.dim != SpvDim1D && info.dim != SpvDim2D && info.dim != SpvDim3D &&
-        info.dim != SpvDimRect) {
-      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-             << "Expected Image 'Dim' parameter to be 1D, 2D, 3D or Rect";
-    }
-
-    if (info.multisampled != 0) {
-      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-             << "Expected Image 'MS' parameter to be 0";
-    }
-
-    if (info.arrayed != 0) {
-      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-             << "Expected Image 'arrayed' parameter to be 0";
-    }
+// Validate OpImage*Proj* instructions
+spv_result_t ValidateImageProj(ValidationState_t& _, const Instruction* inst,
+                               const ImageTypeInfo& info) {
+  if (info.dim != SpvDim1D && info.dim != SpvDim2D && info.dim != SpvDim3D &&
+      info.dim != SpvDimRect) {
+    return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+           << "Expected Image 'Dim' parameter to be 1D, 2D, 3D or Rect";
   }
 
-  if (opcode == SpvOpImageRead || opcode == SpvOpImageSparseRead ||
-      opcode == SpvOpImageWrite) {
-    if (info.sampled == 0) {
-    } else if (info.sampled == 2) {
-      if (info.dim == SpvDim1D && !_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityImage1D)) {
-        return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-               << "Capability Image1D is required to access storage image";
-      } else if (info.dim == SpvDimRect &&
-                 !_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityImageRect)) {
-        return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-               << "Capability ImageRect is required to access storage image";
-      } else if (info.dim == SpvDimBuffer &&
-                 !_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityImageBuffer)) {
-        return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-               << "Capability ImageBuffer is required to access storage image";
-      } else if (info.dim == SpvDimCube && info.arrayed == 1 &&
-                 !_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityImageCubeArray)) {
-        return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-               << "Capability ImageCubeArray is required to access "
-               << "storage image";
-      }
+  if (info.multisampled != 0) {
+    return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+           << "Expected Image 'MS' parameter to be 0";
+  }
 
-      if (info.multisampled == 1 &&
-          !_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityImageMSArray)) {
-#if 0
-        // TODO(atgoo@github.com) The description of this rule in the spec
-        // is unclear and Glslang doesn't declare ImageMSArray. Need to clarify
-        // and reenable.
-        return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-            << "Capability ImageMSArray is required to access storage "
-            << "image";
-#endif
-      }
-    } else {
+  if (info.arrayed != 0) {
+    return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+           << "Expected Image 'arrayed' parameter to be 0";
+  }
+
+  return SPV_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// Validate OpImage*Read and OpImage*Write instructions
+spv_result_t ValidateImageReadWrite(ValidationState_t& _,
+                                    const Instruction* inst,
+                                    const ImageTypeInfo& info) {
+  if (info.sampled == 2) {
+    if (info.dim == SpvDim1D && !_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityImage1D)) {
       return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-             << "Expected Image 'Sampled' parameter to be 0 or 2";
+             << "Capability Image1D is required to access storage image";
+    } else if (info.dim == SpvDimRect &&
+               !_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityImageRect)) {
+      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+             << "Capability ImageRect is required to access storage image";
+    } else if (info.dim == SpvDimBuffer &&
+               !_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityImageBuffer)) {
+      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+             << "Capability ImageBuffer is required to access storage image";
+    } else if (info.dim == SpvDimCube && info.arrayed == 1 &&
+               !_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityImageCubeArray)) {
+      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+             << "Capability ImageCubeArray is required to access "
+             << "storage image";
     }
+
+    if (info.multisampled == 1 && !_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityImageMSArray)) {
+#if 0
+      // TODO(atgoo@github.com) The description of this rule in the spec
+      // is unclear and Glslang doesn't declare ImageMSArray. Need to clarify
+      // and reenable.
+      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+          << "Capability ImageMSArray is required to access storage "
+          << "image";
+#endif
+    }
+  } else if (info.sampled != 0) {
+    return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+           << "Expected Image 'Sampled' parameter to be 0 or 2";
   }
 
   return SPV_SUCCESS;
@@ -806,7 +812,8 @@
     }
   }
 
-  // Dim is checked elsewhere.
+  // Universal checks on image type operands
+  // Dim and Format and Access Qualifier are checked elsewhere.
 
   if (info.depth > 2) {
     return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
@@ -818,6 +825,35 @@
            << "Invalid Arrayed " << info.arrayed << " (must be 0 or 1)";
   }
 
+  if (info.multisampled > 1) {
+    return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+           << "Invalid MS " << info.multisampled << " (must be 0 or 1)";
+  }
+
+  if (info.sampled > 2) {
+    return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+           << "Invalid Sampled " << info.sampled << " (must be 0, 1 or 2)";
+  }
+
+  if (info.dim == SpvDimSubpassData) {
+    if (info.sampled != 2) {
+      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+             << _.VkErrorID(6214) << "Dim SubpassData requires Sampled to be 2";
+    }
+
+    if (info.format != SpvImageFormatUnknown) {
+      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+             << "Dim SubpassData requires format Unknown";
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (info.multisampled && (info.sampled == 2) &&
+        !_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityStorageImageMultisample)) {
+      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+             << "Capability StorageImageMultisample is required when using "
+                "multisampled storage image";
+    }
+  }
+
   if (spvIsOpenCLEnv(target_env)) {
     if ((info.arrayed == 1) && (info.dim != SpvDim1D) &&
         (info.dim != SpvDim2D)) {
@@ -825,23 +861,22 @@
              << "In the OpenCL environment, Arrayed may only be set to 1 "
              << "when Dim is either 1D or 2D.";
     }
-  }
 
-  if (info.multisampled > 1) {
-    return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-           << "Invalid MS " << info.multisampled << " (must be 0 or 1)";
-  }
-
-  if (spvIsOpenCLEnv(target_env)) {
     if (info.multisampled != 0) {
       return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
              << "MS must be 0 in the OpenCL environment.";
     }
-  }
 
-  if (info.sampled > 2) {
-    return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-           << "Invalid Sampled " << info.sampled << " (must be 0, 1 or 2)";
+    if (info.sampled != 0) {
+      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+             << "Sampled must be 0 in the OpenCL environment.";
+    }
+
+    if (info.access_qualifier == SpvAccessQualifierMax) {
+      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+             << "In the OpenCL environment, the optional Access Qualifier"
+             << " must be present.";
+    }
   }
 
   if (spvIsVulkanEnv(target_env)) {
@@ -850,43 +885,10 @@
              << _.VkErrorID(4657)
              << "Sampled must be 1 or 2 in the Vulkan environment.";
     }
-  }
 
-  if (spvIsOpenCLEnv(_.context()->target_env)) {
-    if (info.sampled != 0) {
+    if (info.dim == SpvDimSubpassData && info.arrayed != 0) {
       return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-             << "Sampled must be 0 in the OpenCL environment.";
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (info.dim == SpvDimSubpassData) {
-    if (info.sampled != 2) {
-      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-             << "Dim SubpassData requires Sampled to be 2";
-    }
-
-    if (info.format != SpvImageFormatUnknown) {
-      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-             << "Dim SubpassData requires format Unknown";
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Format and Access Qualifier are also checked elsewhere.
-
-  if (spvIsOpenCLEnv(_.context()->target_env)) {
-    if (info.access_qualifier == SpvAccessQualifierMax) {
-      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-             << "In the OpenCL environment, the optional Access Qualifier"
-             << " must be present.";
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (info.multisampled && (info.sampled == 2) &&
-      (info.dim != SpvDimSubpassData)) {
-    if (!_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityStorageImageMultisample)) {
-      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-             << "Capability StorageImageMultisample is required when using "
-                "multisampled storage image";
+             << _.VkErrorID(6214) << "Dim SubpassData requires Arrayed to be 0";
     }
   }
 
@@ -915,6 +917,13 @@
               "operand set to 0 or 1";
   }
 
+  // This covers both OpTypeSampledImage and OpSampledImage.
+  if (_.version() >= SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_WORD(1, 6) && info.dim == SpvDimBuffer) {
+    return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
+           << "In SPIR-V 1.6 or later, sampled image dimension must not be "
+              "Buffer";
+  }
+
   return SPV_SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -971,8 +980,9 @@
   if (spvIsVulkanEnv(_.context()->target_env)) {
     if (info.sampled != 1) {
       return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-             << "Expected Image 'Sampled' parameter to be 1 "
-             << "for Vulkan environment.";
+             << _.VkErrorID(6671)
+             << "Expected Image 'Sampled' parameter to be 1 for Vulkan "
+                "environment.";
     }
   } else {
     if (info.sampled != 0 && info.sampled != 1) {
@@ -1030,7 +1040,7 @@
                << "Result <id> from OpSampledImage instruction must not appear "
                   "as operand for Op"
                << spvOpcodeString(static_cast<SpvOp>(consumer_opcode))
-               << ", since it is not specificed as taking an "
+               << ", since it is not specified as taking an "
                << "OpTypeSampledImage."
                << " Found result <id> '" << _.getIdName(inst->id())
                << "' as an operand of <id> '"
@@ -1191,7 +1201,9 @@
            << "Corrupt image type definition";
   }
 
-  if (spv_result_t result = ValidateImageCommon(_, inst, info)) return result;
+  if (IsProj(opcode)) {
+    if (spv_result_t result = ValidateImageProj(_, inst, info)) return result;
+  }
 
   if (info.multisampled) {
     // When using image operands, the Sample image operand is required if and
@@ -1254,6 +1266,27 @@
   return SPV_SUCCESS;
 }
 
+// Validates anything OpImage*Dref* instruction
+spv_result_t ValidateImageDref(ValidationState_t& _, const Instruction* inst,
+                               const ImageTypeInfo& info) {
+  const uint32_t dref_type = _.GetOperandTypeId(inst, 4);
+  if (!_.IsFloatScalarType(dref_type) || _.GetBitWidth(dref_type) != 32) {
+    return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+           << "Expected Dref to be of 32-bit float type";
+  }
+
+  if (spvIsVulkanEnv(_.context()->target_env)) {
+    if (info.dim == SpvDim3D) {
+      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+             << _.VkErrorID(4777)
+             << "In Vulkan, OpImage*Dref* instructions must not use images "
+                "with a 3D Dim";
+    }
+  }
+
+  return SPV_SUCCESS;
+}
+
 spv_result_t ValidateImageDrefLod(ValidationState_t& _,
                                   const Instruction* inst) {
   const SpvOp opcode = inst->opcode();
@@ -1281,7 +1314,9 @@
            << "Corrupt image type definition";
   }
 
-  if (spv_result_t result = ValidateImageCommon(_, inst, info)) return result;
+  if (IsProj(opcode)) {
+    if (spv_result_t result = ValidateImageProj(_, inst, info)) return result;
+  }
 
   if (info.multisampled) {
     // When using image operands, the Sample image operand is required if and
@@ -1311,11 +1346,7 @@
            << " components, but given only " << actual_coord_size;
   }
 
-  const uint32_t dref_type = _.GetOperandTypeId(inst, 4);
-  if (!_.IsFloatScalarType(dref_type) || _.GetBitWidth(dref_type) != 32) {
-    return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-           << "Expected Dref to be of 32-bit float type";
-  }
+  if (spv_result_t result = ValidateImageDref(_, inst, info)) return result;
 
   if (spv_result_t result =
           ValidateImageOperands(_, inst, info, /* word_index = */ 7))
@@ -1450,7 +1481,8 @@
   if (info.dim != SpvDim2D && info.dim != SpvDimCube &&
       info.dim != SpvDimRect) {
     return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-           << "Expected Image 'Dim' cannot be Cube";
+           << _.VkErrorID(4777)
+           << "Expected Image 'Dim' to be 2D, Cube, or Rect";
   }
 
   const uint32_t coord_type = _.GetOperandTypeId(inst, 3);
@@ -1486,11 +1518,7 @@
   } else {
     assert(opcode == SpvOpImageDrefGather ||
            opcode == SpvOpImageSparseDrefGather);
-    const uint32_t dref_type = _.GetOperandTypeId(inst, 4);
-    if (!_.IsFloatScalarType(dref_type) || _.GetBitWidth(dref_type) != 32) {
-      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-             << "Expected Dref to be of 32-bit float type";
-    }
+    if (spv_result_t result = ValidateImageDref(_, inst, info)) return result;
   }
 
   if (spv_result_t result =
@@ -1558,6 +1586,13 @@
                << " to have 4 components";
       }
     }
+
+    const uint32_t mask = inst->words().size() <= 5 ? 0 : inst->word(5);
+    if (mask & SpvImageOperandsConstOffsetMask) {
+      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
+             << "ConstOffset image operand not allowed "
+             << "in the OpenCL environment.";
+    }
   }
 
   if (info.dim == SpvDimSubpassData) {
@@ -1583,7 +1618,8 @@
     }
   }
 
-  if (spv_result_t result = ValidateImageCommon(_, inst, info)) return result;
+  if (spv_result_t result = ValidateImageReadWrite(_, inst, info))
+    return result;
 
   const uint32_t coord_type = _.GetOperandTypeId(inst, 3);
   if (!_.IsIntScalarOrVectorType(coord_type)) {
@@ -1608,16 +1644,6 @@
     }
   }
 
-  const uint32_t mask = inst->words().size() <= 5 ? 0 : inst->word(5);
-
-  if (mask & SpvImageOperandsConstOffsetMask) {
-    if (spvIsOpenCLEnv(_.context()->target_env)) {
-      return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
-             << "ConstOffset image operand not allowed "
-             << "in the OpenCL environment.";
-    }
-  }
-
   if (spv_result_t result =
           ValidateImageOperands(_, inst, info, /* word_index = */ 6))
     return result;
@@ -1643,7 +1669,8 @@
            << "Image 'Dim' cannot be SubpassData";
   }
 
-  if (spv_result_t result = ValidateImageCommon(_, inst, info)) return result;
+  if (spv_result_t result = ValidateImageReadWrite(_, inst, info))
+    return result;
 
   const uint32_t coord_type = _.GetOperandTypeId(inst, 1);
   if (!_.IsIntScalarOrVectorType(coord_type)) {
@@ -1659,7 +1686,7 @@
            << " components, but given only " << actual_coord_size;
   }
 
-  // TODO(atgoo@github.com) The spec doesn't explicitely say what the type
+  // TODO(atgoo@github.com) The spec doesn't explicitly say what the type
   // of texel should be.
   const uint32_t texel_type = _.GetOperandTypeId(inst, 2);
   if (!_.IsIntScalarOrVectorType(texel_type) &&
diff --git a/source/val/validate_instruction.cpp b/source/val/validate_instruction.cpp
index dad9867..3edf163 100644
--- a/source/val/validate_instruction.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validate_instruction.cpp
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@
   }
 
   // OpTerminateInvocation is special because it is enabled by Shader
-  // capability, but also requries a extension and/or version check.
+  // capability, but also requires an extension and/or version check.
   const bool capability_check_is_sufficient =
       inst->opcode() != SpvOpTerminateInvocation;
 
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@
     // The instruction syntax is as follows:
     // OpSwitch <selector ID> <Default ID> literal label literal label ...
     // literal,label pairs come after the first 2 operands.
-    // It is guaranteed at this point that num_operands is an even numner.
+    // It is guaranteed at this point that num_operands is an even number.
     size_t num_pairs = (inst->operands().size() - 2) / 2;
     const unsigned int num_pairs_limit =
         _.options()->universal_limits_.max_switch_branches;
diff --git a/source/val/validate_interfaces.cpp b/source/val/validate_interfaces.cpp
index 7ccb637..adf2e47 100644
--- a/source/val/validate_interfaces.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validate_interfaces.cpp
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@
       // Members cannot have location decorations at this point.
       if (_.HasDecoration(type->id(), SpvDecorationLocation)) {
         return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, type)
-               << "Members cannot be assigned a location";
+               << _.VkErrorID(4918) << "Members cannot be assigned a location";
       }
 
       // Structs consume locations equal to the sum of the locations consumed
@@ -326,8 +326,9 @@
   // Only block-decorated structs don't need a location on the variable.
   const bool is_block = _.HasDecoration(type_id, SpvDecorationBlock);
   if (!has_location && !is_block) {
+    const auto vuid = (type->opcode() == SpvOpTypeStruct) ? 4917 : 4916;
     return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, variable)
-           << "Variable must be decorated with a location";
+           << _.VkErrorID(vuid) << "Variable must be decorated with a location";
   }
 
   const std::string storage_class = is_output ? "output" : "input";
@@ -411,7 +412,7 @@
       auto where = member_locations.find(i - 1);
       if (where == member_locations.end()) {
         return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, type)
-               << "Member index " << i - 1
+               << _.VkErrorID(4919) << "Member index " << i - 1
                << " is missing a location assignment";
       }
 
@@ -476,6 +477,9 @@
                                const Instruction* entry_point) {
   // According to Vulkan 14.1 only the following execution models have
   // locations assigned.
+  // TODO(dneto): SPV_NV_ray_tracing also uses locations on interface variables,
+  // in other shader stages. Similarly, the *provisional* version of
+  // SPV_KHR_ray_tracing did as well, but not the final version.
   switch (entry_point->GetOperandAs<SpvExecutionModel>(0)) {
     case SpvExecutionModelVertex:
     case SpvExecutionModelTessellationControl:
diff --git a/source/val/validate_logicals.cpp b/source/val/validate_logicals.cpp
index bb35f55..5307988 100644
--- a/source/val/validate_logicals.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validate_logicals.cpp
@@ -163,8 +163,7 @@
         switch (type_opcode) {
           case SpvOpTypePointer: {
             if (_.addressing_model() == SpvAddressingModelLogical &&
-                !_.features().variable_pointers &&
-                !_.features().variable_pointers_storage_buffer)
+                !_.features().variable_pointers)
               return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
                      << "Using pointers with OpSelect requires capability "
                      << "VariablePointers or VariablePointersStorageBuffer";
diff --git a/source/val/validate_memory.cpp b/source/val/validate_memory.cpp
index a7b0f82..af9da67 100644
--- a/source/val/validate_memory.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validate_memory.cpp
@@ -315,11 +315,12 @@
   SpvStorageClass dst_sc, src_sc;
   std::tie(dst_sc, src_sc) = GetStorageClass(_, inst);
   if (inst->operands().size() <= index) {
-    if (src_sc == SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBufferEXT ||
-        dst_sc == SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBufferEXT) {
+    // Cases where lack of some operand is invalid
+    if (src_sc == SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBuffer ||
+        dst_sc == SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBuffer) {
       return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
-             << "Memory accesses with PhysicalStorageBufferEXT must use "
-                "Aligned.";
+             << _.VkErrorID(4708)
+             << "Memory accesses with PhysicalStorageBuffer must use Aligned.";
     }
     return SPV_SUCCESS;
   }
@@ -368,7 +369,7 @@
         dst_sc != SpvStorageClassCrossWorkgroup &&
         dst_sc != SpvStorageClassGeneric && dst_sc != SpvStorageClassImage &&
         dst_sc != SpvStorageClassStorageBuffer &&
-        dst_sc != SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBufferEXT) {
+        dst_sc != SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBuffer) {
       return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
              << "NonPrivatePointerKHR requires a pointer in Uniform, "
              << "Workgroup, CrossWorkgroup, Generic, Image or StorageBuffer "
@@ -379,7 +380,7 @@
         src_sc != SpvStorageClassCrossWorkgroup &&
         src_sc != SpvStorageClassGeneric && src_sc != SpvStorageClassImage &&
         src_sc != SpvStorageClassStorageBuffer &&
-        src_sc != SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBufferEXT) {
+        src_sc != SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBuffer) {
       return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
              << "NonPrivatePointerKHR requires a pointer in Uniform, "
              << "Workgroup, CrossWorkgroup, Generic, Image or StorageBuffer "
@@ -388,11 +389,11 @@
   }
 
   if (!(mask & SpvMemoryAccessAlignedMask)) {
-    if (src_sc == SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBufferEXT ||
-        dst_sc == SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBufferEXT) {
+    if (src_sc == SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBuffer ||
+        dst_sc == SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBuffer) {
       return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
-             << "Memory accesses with PhysicalStorageBufferEXT must use "
-                "Aligned.";
+             << _.VkErrorID(4708)
+             << "Memory accesses with PhysicalStorageBuffer must use Aligned.";
     }
   }
 
@@ -519,20 +520,21 @@
     }
   }
 
-  // Vulkan 14.5.1: Check type of PushConstant variables.
-  // Vulkan 14.5.2: Check type of UniformConstant and Uniform variables.
   if (spvIsVulkanEnv(_.context()->target_env)) {
+    // Vulkan Push Constant Interface section: Check type of PushConstant
+    // variables.
     if (storage_class == SpvStorageClassPushConstant) {
-      if (!IsAllowedTypeOrArrayOfSame(_, pointee, {SpvOpTypeStruct})) {
+      if (pointee->opcode() != SpvOpTypeStruct) {
         return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
                << "PushConstant OpVariable <id> '" << _.getIdName(inst->id())
                << "' has illegal type.\n"
-               << "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.1:\n"
-               << "Such variables must be typed as OpTypeStruct, "
-               << "or an array of this type";
+               << "From Vulkan spec, Push Constant Interface section:\n"
+               << "Such variables must be typed as OpTypeStruct";
       }
     }
 
+    // Vulkan Descriptor Set Interface: Check type of UniformConstant and
+    // Uniform variables.
     if (storage_class == SpvStorageClassUniformConstant) {
       if (!IsAllowedTypeOrArrayOfSame(
               _, pointee,
@@ -596,23 +598,23 @@
         }
       }
     }
-  }
 
-  // Vulkan Appendix A: Check that if contains initializer, then
-  // storage class is Output, Private, or Function.
-  if (inst->operands().size() > 3 && storage_class != SpvStorageClassOutput &&
-      storage_class != SpvStorageClassPrivate &&
-      storage_class != SpvStorageClassFunction) {
-    if (spvIsVulkanEnv(_.context()->target_env)) {
+    // Initializers in Vulkan are only allowed in some storage clases
+    if (inst->operands().size() > 3) {
       if (storage_class == SpvStorageClassWorkgroup) {
         auto init_id = inst->GetOperandAs<uint32_t>(3);
         auto init = _.FindDef(init_id);
         if (init->opcode() != SpvOpConstantNull) {
           return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
-                 << "Variable initializers in Workgroup storage class are "
-                    "limited to OpConstantNull";
+                 << _.VkErrorID(4734) << "OpVariable, <id> '"
+                 << _.getIdName(inst->id())
+                 << "', initializers are limited to OpConstantNull in "
+                    "Workgroup "
+                    "storage class";
         }
-      } else {
+      } else if (storage_class != SpvStorageClassOutput &&
+                 storage_class != SpvStorageClassPrivate &&
+                 storage_class != SpvStorageClassFunction) {
         return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
                << _.VkErrorID(4651) << "OpVariable, <id> '"
                << _.getIdName(inst->id())
@@ -627,9 +629,9 @@
     }
   }
 
-  if (storage_class == SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBufferEXT) {
+  if (storage_class == SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBuffer) {
     return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
-           << "PhysicalStorageBufferEXT must not be used with OpVariable.";
+           << "PhysicalStorageBuffer must not be used with OpVariable.";
   }
 
   auto pointee_base = pointee;
@@ -638,23 +640,23 @@
   }
   if (pointee_base->opcode() == SpvOpTypePointer) {
     if (pointee_base->GetOperandAs<uint32_t>(1u) ==
-        SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBufferEXT) {
-      // check for AliasedPointerEXT/RestrictPointerEXT
+        SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBuffer) {
+      // check for AliasedPointer/RestrictPointer
       bool foundAliased =
-          _.HasDecoration(inst->id(), SpvDecorationAliasedPointerEXT);
+          _.HasDecoration(inst->id(), SpvDecorationAliasedPointer);
       bool foundRestrict =
-          _.HasDecoration(inst->id(), SpvDecorationRestrictPointerEXT);
+          _.HasDecoration(inst->id(), SpvDecorationRestrictPointer);
       if (!foundAliased && !foundRestrict) {
         return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
                << "OpVariable " << inst->id()
-               << ": expected AliasedPointerEXT or RestrictPointerEXT for "
-               << "PhysicalStorageBufferEXT pointer.";
+               << ": expected AliasedPointer or RestrictPointer for "
+               << "PhysicalStorageBuffer pointer.";
       }
       if (foundAliased && foundRestrict) {
         return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
                << "OpVariable " << inst->id()
-               << ": can't specify both AliasedPointerEXT and "
-               << "RestrictPointerEXT for PhysicalStorageBufferEXT pointer.";
+               << ": can't specify both AliasedPointer and "
+               << "RestrictPointer for PhysicalStorageBuffer pointer.";
       }
     }
   }
@@ -667,7 +669,8 @@
     if (value_type && value_type->opcode() == SpvOpTypeRuntimeArray) {
       if (!_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityRuntimeDescriptorArrayEXT)) {
         return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
-               << "OpVariable, <id> '" << _.getIdName(inst->id())
+               << _.VkErrorID(4680) << "OpVariable, <id> '"
+               << _.getIdName(inst->id())
                << "', is attempting to create memory for an illegal type, "
                << "OpTypeRuntimeArray.\nFor Vulkan OpTypeRuntimeArray can only "
                << "appear as the final member of an OpTypeStruct, thus cannot "
@@ -679,6 +682,7 @@
             storage_class != SpvStorageClassUniform &&
             storage_class != SpvStorageClassUniformConstant) {
           return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
+                 << _.VkErrorID(4680)
                  << "For Vulkan with RuntimeDescriptorArrayEXT, a variable "
                  << "containing OpTypeRuntimeArray must have storage class of "
                  << "StorageBuffer, Uniform, or UniformConstant.";
@@ -692,25 +696,30 @@
     // as BufferBlock.
     if (value_type && value_type->opcode() == SpvOpTypeStruct) {
       if (DoesStructContainRTA(_, value_type)) {
-        if (storage_class == SpvStorageClassStorageBuffer) {
+        if (storage_class == SpvStorageClassStorageBuffer ||
+            storage_class == SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBuffer) {
           if (!_.HasDecoration(value_id, SpvDecorationBlock)) {
             return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
+                   << _.VkErrorID(4680)
                    << "For Vulkan, an OpTypeStruct variable containing an "
                    << "OpTypeRuntimeArray must be decorated with Block if it "
-                   << "has storage class StorageBuffer.";
+                   << "has storage class StorageBuffer or "
+                      "PhysicalStorageBuffer.";
           }
         } else if (storage_class == SpvStorageClassUniform) {
           if (!_.HasDecoration(value_id, SpvDecorationBufferBlock)) {
             return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
+                   << _.VkErrorID(4680)
                    << "For Vulkan, an OpTypeStruct variable containing an "
                    << "OpTypeRuntimeArray must be decorated with BufferBlock "
                    << "if it has storage class Uniform.";
           }
         } else {
           return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
+                 << _.VkErrorID(4680)
                  << "For Vulkan, OpTypeStruct variables containing "
                  << "OpTypeRuntimeArray must have storage class of "
-                 << "StorageBuffer or Uniform.";
+                 << "StorageBuffer, PhysicalStorageBuffer, or Uniform.";
         }
       }
     }
@@ -745,7 +754,7 @@
           SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_STORAGE_CLASS, storage_class);
       switch (storage_class) {
         case SpvStorageClassStorageBuffer:
-        case SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBufferEXT:
+        case SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBuffer:
           if (!_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityStorageBuffer16BitAccess)) {
             storage_class_ok = false;
           }
@@ -807,7 +816,7 @@
           SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_STORAGE_CLASS, storage_class);
       switch (storage_class) {
         case SpvStorageClassStorageBuffer:
-        case SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBufferEXT:
+        case SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBuffer:
           if (!_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityStorageBuffer8BitAccess)) {
             storage_class_ok = false;
           }
@@ -861,17 +870,14 @@
            << "' is not defined.";
   }
 
-  const bool uses_variable_pointers =
-      _.features().variable_pointers ||
-      _.features().variable_pointers_storage_buffer;
   const auto pointer_index = 2;
   const auto pointer_id = inst->GetOperandAs<uint32_t>(pointer_index);
   const auto pointer = _.FindDef(pointer_id);
   if (!pointer ||
       ((_.addressing_model() == SpvAddressingModelLogical) &&
-       ((!uses_variable_pointers &&
+       ((!_.features().variable_pointers &&
          !spvOpcodeReturnsLogicalPointer(pointer->opcode())) ||
-        (uses_variable_pointers &&
+        (_.features().variable_pointers &&
          !spvOpcodeReturnsLogicalVariablePointer(pointer->opcode()))))) {
     return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
            << "OpLoad Pointer <id> '" << _.getIdName(pointer_id)
@@ -917,17 +923,14 @@
 }
 
 spv_result_t ValidateStore(ValidationState_t& _, const Instruction* inst) {
-  const bool uses_variable_pointer =
-      _.features().variable_pointers ||
-      _.features().variable_pointers_storage_buffer;
   const auto pointer_index = 0;
   const auto pointer_id = inst->GetOperandAs<uint32_t>(pointer_index);
   const auto pointer = _.FindDef(pointer_id);
   if (!pointer ||
       (_.addressing_model() == SpvAddressingModelLogical &&
-       ((!uses_variable_pointer &&
+       ((!_.features().variable_pointers &&
          !spvOpcodeReturnsLogicalPointer(pointer->opcode())) ||
-        (uses_variable_pointer &&
+        (_.features().variable_pointers &&
          !spvOpcodeReturnsLogicalVariablePointer(pointer->opcode()))))) {
     return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
            << "OpStore Pointer <id> '" << _.getIdName(pointer_id)
@@ -1138,8 +1141,6 @@
              << "'s type does not match Source <id> '"
              << _.getIdName(source_type->id()) << "'s type.";
     }
-
-    if (auto error = CheckMemoryAccess(_, inst, 2)) return error;
   } else {
     const auto size_id = inst->GetOperandAs<uint32_t>(2);
     const auto size = _.FindDef(size_id);
@@ -1182,8 +1183,6 @@
         // Cannot infer any other opcodes.
         break;
     }
-
-    if (auto error = CheckMemoryAccess(_, inst, 3)) return error;
   }
   if (auto error = ValidateCopyMemoryMemoryAccess(_, inst)) return error;
 
@@ -1357,8 +1356,7 @@
 spv_result_t ValidatePtrAccessChain(ValidationState_t& _,
                                     const Instruction* inst) {
   if (_.addressing_model() == SpvAddressingModelLogical) {
-    if (!_.features().variable_pointers &&
-        !_.features().variable_pointers_storage_buffer) {
+    if (!_.features().variable_pointers) {
       return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, inst)
              << "Generating variable pointers requires capability "
              << "VariablePointers or VariablePointersStorageBuffer";
@@ -1411,7 +1409,7 @@
            << state.getIdName(inst->id()) << "' must be an OpTypeRuntimeArray.";
   }
 
-  // The array member must the the index of the last element (the run time
+  // The array member must the index of the last element (the run time
   // array).
   if (inst->GetOperandAs<uint32_t>(3) != num_of_members - 1) {
     return state.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
@@ -1476,18 +1474,15 @@
     }
   }
 
-  const bool uses_variable_pointers =
-      _.features().variable_pointers ||
-      _.features().variable_pointers_storage_buffer;
   const auto pointer_index =
       (inst->opcode() == SpvOpCooperativeMatrixLoadNV) ? 2u : 0u;
   const auto pointer_id = inst->GetOperandAs<uint32_t>(pointer_index);
   const auto pointer = _.FindDef(pointer_id);
   if (!pointer ||
       ((_.addressing_model() == SpvAddressingModelLogical) &&
-       ((!uses_variable_pointers &&
+       ((!_.features().variable_pointers &&
          !spvOpcodeReturnsLogicalPointer(pointer->opcode())) ||
-        (uses_variable_pointers &&
+        (_.features().variable_pointers &&
          !spvOpcodeReturnsLogicalVariablePointer(pointer->opcode()))))) {
     return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
            << opname << " Pointer <id> '" << _.getIdName(pointer_id)
@@ -1508,7 +1503,7 @@
 
   if (storage_class != SpvStorageClassWorkgroup &&
       storage_class != SpvStorageClassStorageBuffer &&
-      storage_class != SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBufferEXT) {
+      storage_class != SpvStorageClassPhysicalStorageBuffer) {
     return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
            << opname << " storage class for pointer type <id> '"
            << _.getIdName(pointer_type_id)
@@ -1559,10 +1554,10 @@
 spv_result_t ValidatePtrComparison(ValidationState_t& _,
                                    const Instruction* inst) {
   if (_.addressing_model() == SpvAddressingModelLogical &&
-      !_.features().variable_pointers_storage_buffer) {
+      !_.features().variable_pointers) {
     return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
-           << "Instruction cannot be used without a variable pointers "
-              "capability";
+           << "Instruction cannot for logical addressing model be used without "
+              "a variable pointers capability";
   }
 
   const auto result_type = _.FindDef(inst->type_id());
@@ -1597,7 +1592,8 @@
              << "Invalid pointer storage class";
     }
 
-    if (sc == SpvStorageClassWorkgroup && !_.features().variable_pointers) {
+    if (sc == SpvStorageClassWorkgroup &&
+        !_.HasCapability(SpvCapabilityVariablePointers)) {
       return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
              << "Workgroup storage class pointer requires VariablePointers "
                 "capability to be specified";
diff --git a/source/val/validate_scopes.cpp b/source/val/validate_scopes.cpp
index 29ba583..1c5f70a 100644
--- a/source/val/validate_scopes.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validate_scopes.cpp
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@
              << _.VkErrorID(4638) << spvOpcodeString(opcode)
              << ": in Vulkan environment, Memory Scope cannot be CrossDevice";
     }
-    // Vulkan 1.0 specifc rules
+    // Vulkan 1.0 specific rules
     if (_.context()->target_env == SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0 &&
         value != SpvScopeDevice && value != SpvScopeWorkgroup &&
         value != SpvScopeInvocation) {
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@
              << ": in Vulkan 1.0 environment Memory Scope is limited to "
              << "Device, Workgroup and Invocation";
     }
-    // Vulkan 1.1 specifc rules
+    // Vulkan 1.1 specific rules
     if ((_.context()->target_env == SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1 ||
          _.context()->target_env == SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2) &&
         value != SpvScopeDevice && value != SpvScopeWorkgroup &&
diff --git a/source/val/validate_type.cpp b/source/val/validate_type.cpp
index 4376b52..2aded61 100644
--- a/source/val/validate_type.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validate_type.cpp
@@ -228,8 +228,8 @@
   if (spvIsVulkanEnv(_.context()->target_env) &&
       element_type->opcode() == SpvOpTypeRuntimeArray) {
     return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
-           << "OpTypeArray Element Type <id> '" << _.getIdName(element_type_id)
-           << "' is not valid in "
+           << _.VkErrorID(4680) << "OpTypeArray Element Type <id> '"
+           << _.getIdName(element_type_id) << "' is not valid in "
            << spvLogStringForEnv(_.context()->target_env) << " environments.";
   }
 
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@
   if (spvIsVulkanEnv(_.context()->target_env) &&
       element_type->opcode() == SpvOpTypeRuntimeArray) {
     return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
-           << "OpTypeRuntimeArray Element Type <id> '"
+           << _.VkErrorID(4680) << "OpTypeRuntimeArray Element Type <id> '"
            << _.getIdName(element_id) << "' is not valid in "
            << spvLogStringForEnv(_.context()->target_env) << " environments.";
   }
@@ -373,7 +373,8 @@
           member_type_index == inst->operands().size() - 1;
       if (!is_last_member) {
         return _.diag(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, inst)
-               << "In " << spvLogStringForEnv(_.context()->target_env)
+               << _.VkErrorID(4680) << "In "
+               << spvLogStringForEnv(_.context()->target_env)
                << ", OpTypeRuntimeArray must only be used for the last member "
                   "of an OpTypeStruct";
       }
diff --git a/source/val/validation_state.cpp b/source/val/validation_state.cpp
index 8d1a0d3..9aa6c63 100644
--- a/source/val/validation_state.cpp
+++ b/source/val/validation_state.cpp
@@ -175,8 +175,18 @@
     }
   }
 
-  // LocalSizeId is always allowed in non-Vulkan environments.
-  features_.env_allow_localsizeid = !spvIsVulkanEnv(env);
+  // LocalSizeId is only disallowed prior to Vulkan 1.3 without maintenance4.
+  switch (env) {
+    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0:
+    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1:
+    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4:
+    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2:
+      features_.env_allow_localsizeid = false;
+      break;
+    default:
+      features_.env_allow_localsizeid = true;
+      break;
+  }
 
   // Only attempt to count if we have words, otherwise let the other validation
   // fail and generate an error.
@@ -382,13 +392,19 @@
       features_.free_fp_rounding_mode = true;
       break;
     case SpvCapabilityVariablePointers:
-      features_.variable_pointers = true;
-      features_.variable_pointers_storage_buffer = true;
-      break;
     case SpvCapabilityVariablePointersStorageBuffer:
-      features_.variable_pointers_storage_buffer = true;
+      features_.variable_pointers = true;
       break;
     default:
+      // TODO(dneto): For now don't validate SPV_NV_ray_tracing, which uses
+      // capability SpvCapabilityRayTracingNV.
+      // SpvCapabilityRayTracingProvisionalKHR would need the same treatment.
+      // One of the differences going from SPV_KHR_ray_tracing from
+      // provisional to final spec was the provisional spec uses Locations
+      // for variables in certain storage classes, just like the
+      // SPV_NV_ray_tracing extension.  So it mimics the NVIDIA extension.
+      // The final SPV_KHR_ray_tracing uses a different capability token
+      // number, so it doesn't fall into this case.
       break;
   }
 }
@@ -441,7 +457,7 @@
     default:
     // fall through
     case SpvAddressingModelPhysical64:
-    case SpvAddressingModelPhysicalStorageBuffer64EXT:
+    case SpvAddressingModelPhysicalStorageBuffer64:
       pointer_size_and_alignment_ = 8;
       break;
   }
@@ -479,7 +495,7 @@
          "inside of another function");
   assert(in_block() == false &&
          "RegisterFunctionParameter can only be called when parsing the binary "
-         "ouside of a block");
+         "outside of a block");
   current_function().RegisterFunctionEnd();
   in_function_ = false;
   return SPV_SUCCESS;
@@ -497,15 +513,13 @@
   switch (inst->opcode()) {
     case SpvOpName: {
       const auto target = inst->GetOperandAs<uint32_t>(0);
-      const auto* str = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(inst->words().data() +
-                                                      inst->operand(1).offset);
+      const std::string str = inst->GetOperandAs<std::string>(1);
       AssignNameToId(target, str);
       break;
     }
     case SpvOpMemberName: {
       const auto target = inst->GetOperandAs<uint32_t>(0);
-      const auto* str = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(inst->words().data() +
-                                                      inst->operand(2).offset);
+      const std::string str = inst->GetOperandAs<std::string>(2);
       AssignNameToId(target, str);
       break;
     }
@@ -524,7 +538,7 @@
   if (inst->id()) all_definitions_.insert(std::make_pair(inst->id(), inst));
 
   // Some validation checks are easier by getting all the consumers
-  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < inst->operands().size(); ++i) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < inst->operands().size(); ++i) {
     const spv_parsed_operand_t& operand = inst->operand(i);
     if ((SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ID == operand.type) ||
         (SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_TYPE_ID == operand.type)) {
@@ -593,7 +607,7 @@
               if (message) {
                 *message =
                     errorVUID +
-                    "in Vulkan evironment, Output Storage Class must not be "
+                    "in Vulkan environment, Output Storage Class must not be "
                     "used in GLCompute, RayGenerationKHR, IntersectionKHR, "
                     "AnyHitKHR, ClosestHitKHR, MissKHR, or CallableKHR "
                     "execution models";
@@ -615,7 +629,7 @@
               if (message) {
                 *message =
                     errorVUID +
-                    "in Vulkan evironment, Workgroup Storage Class is limited "
+                    "in Vulkan environment, Workgroup Storage Class is limited "
                     "to MeshNV, TaskNV, and GLCompute execution model";
               }
               return false;
@@ -1390,7 +1404,7 @@
     return "";
   }
 
-  // This large switch case is only searched when an error has occured.
+  // This large switch case is only searched when an error has occurred.
   // If an id is changed, the old case must be modified or removed. Each string
   // here is interpreted as being "implemented"
 
@@ -1845,6 +1859,8 @@
       return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-FPRoundingMode-04675);
     case 4677:
       return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Invariant-04677);
+    case 4680:
+      return VUID_WRAP( VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeRuntimeArray-04680);
     case 4682:
       return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpControlBarrier-04682);
     case 6426:
@@ -1853,6 +1869,8 @@
       return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpGroupNonUniformBallotBitCount-04685);
     case 4686:
       return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04686);
+    case 4708:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PhysicalStorageBuffer64-04708);
     case 4710:
       return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PhysicalStorageBuffer64-04710);
     case 4711:
@@ -1865,8 +1883,42 @@
       return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpMemoryBarrier-04732);
     case 4733:
       return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpMemoryBarrier-04733);
+    case 4734:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpVariable-04734);
+    case 4777:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpImage-04777);
     case 4780:
       return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Result-04780);
+    case 4781:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Base-04781);
+    case 4915:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04915);
+    case 4916:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04916);
+    case 4917:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04917);
+    case 4918:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04918);
+    case 4919:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04919);
+    case 6214:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeImage-06214);
+    case 6491:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-DescriptorSet-06491);
+    case 6671:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeSampledImage-06671);
+    case 6672:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-06672);
+    case 6674:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpEntryPoint-06674);
+    case 6675:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PushConstant-06675);
+    case 6676:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Uniform-06676);
+    case 6677:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-UniformConstant-06677);
+    case 6678:
+      return VUID_WRAP(VUID-StandaloneSpirv-InputAttachmentIndex-06678);
     default:
       return "";  // unknown id
   }
@@ -1874,4 +1926,4 @@
 }
 
 }  // namespace val
-}  // namespace spvtools
+}  // namespace spvtools
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/source/val/validation_state.h b/source/val/validation_state.h
index 2ddfa4a..4888840 100644
--- a/source/val/validation_state.h
+++ b/source/val/validation_state.h
@@ -67,14 +67,12 @@
     bool declare_int16_type = false;     // Allow OpTypeInt with 16 bit width?
     bool declare_float16_type = false;   // Allow OpTypeFloat with 16 bit width?
     bool free_fp_rounding_mode = false;  // Allow the FPRoundingMode decoration
-                                         // and its vaules to be used without
+                                         // and its values to be used without
                                          // requiring any capability
 
-    // Allow functionalities enabled by VariablePointers capability.
+    // Allow functionalities enabled by VariablePointers or
+    // VariablePointersStorageBuffer capability.
     bool variable_pointers = false;
-    // Allow functionalities enabled by VariablePointersStorageBuffer
-    // capability.
-    bool variable_pointers_storage_buffer = false;
 
     // Permit group oerations Reduce, InclusiveScan, ExclusiveScan
     bool group_ops_reduce_and_scans = false;
@@ -797,7 +795,7 @@
   /// IDs that are entry points, ie, arguments to OpEntryPoint.
   std::vector<uint32_t> entry_points_;
 
-  /// Maps an entry point id to its desciptions.
+  /// Maps an entry point id to its descriptions.
   std::unordered_map<uint32_t, std::vector<EntryPointDescription>>
       entry_point_descriptions_;
 
@@ -844,7 +842,7 @@
   // have the same pointer size (for physical pointer types).
   uint32_t pointer_size_and_alignment_;
 
-  /// NOTE: See correspoding getter functions
+  /// NOTE: See corresponding getter functions
   bool in_function_;
 
   /// The state of optional features.  These are determined by capabilities
diff --git a/source/wasm/spirv-tools.cpp b/source/wasm/spirv-tools.cpp
index 90407f3..33f2f05 100644
--- a/source/wasm/spirv-tools.cpp
+++ b/source/wasm/spirv-tools.cpp
@@ -78,7 +78,8 @@
   constant("SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4", static_cast<uint32_t>(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4));
   constant("SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5", static_cast<uint32_t>(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5));
   constant("SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2", static_cast<uint32_t>(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2));
-
+  constant("SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6",
+           static_cast<uint32_t>(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6));
 
   constant("SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_NONE", static_cast<uint32_t>(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_NONE));
   constant("SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_PRINT", static_cast<uint32_t>(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_PRINT));
@@ -90,4 +91,4 @@
 
   constant("SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_NONE", static_cast<uint32_t>(SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_NONE));
   constant("SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS", static_cast<uint32_t>(SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS));
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/source/wasm/spirv-tools.d.ts b/source/wasm/spirv-tools.d.ts
index 9c19797..c06bdf1 100644
--- a/source/wasm/spirv-tools.d.ts
+++ b/source/wasm/spirv-tools.d.ts
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4: number;
   SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5: number;
   SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2: number;
+  SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6: number;
 
   SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_NONE: number;
   SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS: number;
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index e88df04..4ca8ef8 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -185,6 +185,7 @@
 endif()
 
 
+add_subdirectory(diff)
 add_subdirectory(link)
 add_subdirectory(lint)
 add_subdirectory(opt)
diff --git a/test/binary_header_get_test.cpp b/test/binary_header_get_test.cpp
index 3ce0b63..f94f0c1 100644
--- a/test/binary_header_get_test.cpp
+++ b/test/binary_header_get_test.cpp
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, spvBinaryHeaderGet(&const_bin, endian, &header));
 
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(SpvMagicNumber), header.magic);
-  // Expect SPIRV-Headers updated to SPIR-V 1.5.
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x00010500u, header.version);
+  // Expect SPIRV-Headers updated to SPIR-V 1.6.
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x00010600u, header.version);
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(SPV_GENERATOR_CODEPLAY), header.generator);
   ASSERT_EQ(1u, header.bound);
   ASSERT_EQ(0u, header.schema);
diff --git a/test/binary_parse_test.cpp b/test/binary_parse_test.cpp
index 9a13f22..f0810a3 100644
--- a/test/binary_parse_test.cpp
+++ b/test/binary_parse_test.cpp
@@ -203,16 +203,7 @@
   void Parse(const SpirvVector& words, spv_result_t expected_result,
              bool flip_words = false) {
     SpirvVector flipped_words(words);
-    SCOPED_TRACE(flip_words ? "Flipped Endianness" : "Normal Endianness");
-    if (flip_words) {
-      std::transform(flipped_words.begin(), flipped_words.end(),
-                     flipped_words.begin(), [](const uint32_t raw_word) {
-                       return spvFixWord(raw_word,
-                                         I32_ENDIAN_HOST == I32_ENDIAN_BIG
-                                             ? SPV_ENDIANNESS_LITTLE
-                                             : SPV_ENDIANNESS_BIG);
-                     });
-    }
+    MaybeFlipWords(flip_words, flipped_words.begin(), flipped_words.end());
     EXPECT_EQ(expected_result,
               spvBinaryParse(ScopedContext().context, &client_,
                              flipped_words.data(), flipped_words.size(),
@@ -486,27 +477,27 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(BinaryParseTest, InstructionWithStringOperand) {
-  const std::string str =
-      "the future is already here, it's just not evenly distributed";
-  const auto str_words = MakeVector(str);
-  const auto instruction = MakeInstruction(SpvOpName, {99}, str_words);
-  const auto words = Concatenate({ExpectedHeaderForBound(100), instruction});
-  InSequence calls_expected_in_specific_order;
-  EXPECT_HEADER(100).WillOnce(Return(SPV_SUCCESS));
-  const auto operands = std::vector<spv_parsed_operand_t>{
-      MakeSimpleOperand(1, SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ID),
-      MakeLiteralStringOperand(2, static_cast<uint16_t>(str_words.size()))};
-  EXPECT_CALL(client_,
-              Instruction(ParsedInstruction(spv_parsed_instruction_t{
-                  instruction.data(), static_cast<uint16_t>(instruction.size()),
-                  SpvOpName, SPV_EXT_INST_TYPE_NONE, 0 /*type id*/,
-                  0 /* No result id for OpName*/, operands.data(),
-                  static_cast<uint16_t>(operands.size())})))
-      .WillOnce(Return(SPV_SUCCESS));
-  // Since we are actually checking the output, don't test the
-  // endian-swapped version.
-  Parse(words, SPV_SUCCESS, false);
-  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, diagnostic_);
+  for (bool endian_swap : kSwapEndians) {
+    const std::string str =
+        "the future is already here, it's just not evenly distributed";
+    const auto str_words = MakeVector(str);
+    const auto instruction = MakeInstruction(SpvOpName, {99}, str_words);
+    const auto words = Concatenate({ExpectedHeaderForBound(100), instruction});
+    InSequence calls_expected_in_specific_order;
+    EXPECT_HEADER(100).WillOnce(Return(SPV_SUCCESS));
+    const auto operands = std::vector<spv_parsed_operand_t>{
+        MakeSimpleOperand(1, SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ID),
+        MakeLiteralStringOperand(2, static_cast<uint16_t>(str_words.size()))};
+    EXPECT_CALL(client_, Instruction(ParsedInstruction(spv_parsed_instruction_t{
+                             instruction.data(),
+                             static_cast<uint16_t>(instruction.size()),
+                             SpvOpName, SPV_EXT_INST_TYPE_NONE, 0 /*type id*/,
+                             0 /* No result id for OpName*/, operands.data(),
+                             static_cast<uint16_t>(operands.size())})))
+        .WillOnce(Return(SPV_SUCCESS));
+    Parse(words, SPV_SUCCESS, endian_swap);
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, diagnostic_);
+  }
 }
 
 // Checks for non-zero values for the result_id and ext_inst_type members
@@ -613,7 +604,7 @@
                       MakeInstruction(SpvOpNop, {42})}),
          "Invalid instruction OpNop starting at word 5: expected "
          "no more operands after 1 words, but stated word count is 2."},
-        // Supply several more unexpectd words.
+        // Supply several more unexpected words.
         {Concatenate({ExpectedHeaderForBound(1),
                       MakeInstruction(SpvOpNop, {42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47})}),
          "Invalid instruction OpNop starting at word 5: expected "
diff --git a/test/binary_to_text.literal_test.cpp b/test/binary_to_text.literal_test.cpp
index 02daac7..5956984 100644
--- a/test/binary_to_text.literal_test.cpp
+++ b/test/binary_to_text.literal_test.cpp
@@ -27,8 +27,15 @@
 using RoundTripLiteralsTest =
     spvtest::TextToBinaryTestBase<::testing::TestWithParam<std::string>>;
 
+static const bool kSwapEndians[] = {false, true};
+
 TEST_P(RoundTripLiteralsTest, Sample) {
-  EXPECT_THAT(EncodeAndDecodeSuccessfully(GetParam()), Eq(GetParam()));
+  for (bool endian_swap : kSwapEndians) {
+    EXPECT_THAT(
+        EncodeAndDecodeSuccessfully(GetParam(), SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_NONE,
+                                    SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, endian_swap),
+        Eq(GetParam()));
+  }
 }
 
 // clang-format off
@@ -58,8 +65,12 @@
 // Test case where the generated disassembly is not the same as the
 // assembly passed in.
 TEST_P(RoundTripSpecialCaseLiteralsTest, Sample) {
-  EXPECT_THAT(EncodeAndDecodeSuccessfully(std::get<0>(GetParam())),
-              Eq(std::get<1>(GetParam())));
+  for (bool endian_swap : kSwapEndians) {
+    EXPECT_THAT(EncodeAndDecodeSuccessfully(std::get<0>(GetParam()),
+                                            SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_NONE,
+                                            SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, endian_swap),
+                Eq(std::get<1>(GetParam())));
+  }
 }
 
 // clang-format off
diff --git a/test/c_interface_test.cpp b/test/c_interface_test.cpp
index 841bb2c..4424d7f 100644
--- a/test/c_interface_test.cpp
+++ b/test/c_interface_test.cpp
@@ -117,12 +117,15 @@
                     const spv_position_t& position, const char* message) {
         ++invocation;
         EXPECT_EQ(SPV_MSG_ERROR, level);
-        // The error happens at scanning the begining of second line.
+        // The error happens at scanning the beginning of second line.
         EXPECT_STREQ("input", source);
         EXPECT_EQ(1u, position.line);
         EXPECT_EQ(0u, position.column);
         EXPECT_EQ(12u, position.index);
-        EXPECT_STREQ("Expected operand, found end of stream.", message);
+        EXPECT_STREQ(
+            "Expected operand for OpName instruction, but found the end of the "
+            "stream.",
+            message);
       });
 
   spv_binary binary = nullptr;
@@ -228,7 +231,10 @@
             spvTextToBinary(context, input_text, sizeof(input_text), &binary,
                             &diagnostic));
   EXPECT_EQ(0, invocation);  // Consumer should not be invoked at all.
-  EXPECT_STREQ("Expected operand, found end of stream.", diagnostic->error);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(
+      "Expected operand for OpName instruction, but found the end of the "
+      "stream.",
+      diagnostic->error);
 
   spvDiagnosticDestroy(diagnostic);
   spvBinaryDestroy(binary);
diff --git a/test/diff/CMakeLists.txt b/test/diff/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..811805b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+include(diff_files/diff_test_files_autogen.cmake)
+
+add_spvtools_unittest(TARGET lcs
+  SRCS lcs_test.cpp
+  LIBS SPIRV-Tools-diff
+)
+
+add_spvtools_unittest(TARGET diff
+  SRCS diff_test.cpp diff_test_utils.h diff_test_utils.cpp
+       ${DIFF_TEST_FILES} ${spirv-tools_SOURCE_DIR}/tools/util/cli_consumer.cpp
+  LIBS SPIRV-Tools-diff
+)
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/.gitignore b/test/diff/diff_files/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..727526e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# To aid debugging no-dbg variants, the temporary files used to strip debug information are placed
+# in a hidden directory and aren't removed after generation.
+.no_dbg/
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_dst_only_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_dst_only_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce899ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_dst_only_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Tests a diff where the src shader doesn't have OpExtImport while the
+// dst shader does (and uses OpExtInst).  This test ensures that when matching,
+// the OpExtImport instruction from the correct module is referenced.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %9 "color"
+               OpName %11 "v"
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+         %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
+         %13 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %12 %12 %12 %12
+               OpStore %9 %13
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %9 "color"
+               OpName %11 "v"
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %14 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+         %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
+         %13 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log2 %12
+         %14 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %13 %13 %13 %13
+               OpStore %9 %14
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, OpextinstInDstOnly) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 14
++; Bound: 16
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
++%14 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+ OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpName %4 "main"
+ OpName %9 "color"
+ OpName %11 "v"
+ OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
++OpDecorate %15 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+ %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+ %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+ %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+ %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
++%15 = OpExtInst %6 %14 Log2 %12
+-%13 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %12 %12 %12 %12
++%13 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %15 %15 %15 %15
+ OpStore %9 %13
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, OpextinstInDstOnlyNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+         %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
+         %13 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %12 %12 %12 %12
+               OpStore %9 %13
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %14 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+         %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
+         %13 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log2 %12
+         %14 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %13 %13 %13 %13
+               OpStore %9 %14
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 14
++; Bound: 16
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
++%14 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+ OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
++OpDecorate %15 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+ %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+ %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+ %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+ %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
++%15 = OpExtInst %6 %14 Log2 %12
+-%13 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %12 %12 %12 %12
++%13 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %15 %15 %15 %15
+ OpStore %9 %13
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_dst_only_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_dst_only_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e599d1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_dst_only_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %9 "color"
+               OpName %11 "v"
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %14 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+         %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
+         %13 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log2 %12
+         %14 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %13 %13 %13 %13
+               OpStore %9 %14
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_dst_only_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_dst_only_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f6fc18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_dst_only_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+;; Tests a diff where the src shader doesn't have OpExtImport while the
+;; dst shader does (and uses OpExtInst).  This test ensures that when matching,
+;; the OpExtImport instruction from the correct module is referenced.
+               OpCapability Shader
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %9 "color"
+               OpName %11 "v"
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+         %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
+         %13 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %12 %12 %12 %12
+               OpStore %9 %13
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_src_only_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_src_only_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9944c2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_src_only_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Tests a diff where the dst shader doesn't have OpExtImport while the
+// src shader does (and uses OpExtInst).  This test ensures that when matching,
+// the OpExtImport instruction from the correct module is referenced.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %9 "color"
+               OpName %11 "v"
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %14 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+         %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
+         %13 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log2 %12
+         %14 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %13 %13 %13 %13
+               OpStore %9 %14
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %9 "color"
+               OpName %11 "v"
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+         %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
+         %13 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %12 %12 %12 %12
+               OpStore %9 %13
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, OpextinstInSrcOnly) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 15
++; Bound: 16
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+-%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+ OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpName %4 "main"
+ OpName %9 "color"
+ OpName %11 "v"
+ OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %14 RelaxedPrecision
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+ %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+ %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+ %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+ %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
+-%13 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log2 %12
+-%14 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %13 %13 %13 %13
++%14 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %12 %12 %12 %12
+ OpStore %9 %14
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, OpextinstInSrcOnlyNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %14 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+         %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
+         %13 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log2 %12
+         %14 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %13 %13 %13 %13
+               OpStore %9 %14
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+         %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
+         %13 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %12 %12 %12 %12
+               OpStore %9 %13
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 15
++; Bound: 16
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+-%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+ OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %14 RelaxedPrecision
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+ %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+ %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+ %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+ %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
+-%13 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log2 %12
+-%14 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %13 %13 %13 %13
++%14 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %12 %12 %12 %12
+ OpStore %9 %14
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_src_only_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_src_only_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4723305
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_src_only_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+               OpCapability Shader
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %9 "color"
+               OpName %11 "v"
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+         %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
+         %13 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %12 %12 %12 %12
+               OpStore %9 %13
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_src_only_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_src_only_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efb663a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpExtInst_in_src_only_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+;; Tests a diff where the dst shader doesn't have OpExtImport while the
+;; src shader does (and uses OpExtInst).  This test ensures that when matching,
+;; the OpExtImport instruction from the correct module is referenced.
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %9 "color"
+               OpName %11 "v"
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %14 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+         %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
+         %13 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log2 %12
+         %14 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %13 %13 %13 %13
+               OpStore %9 %14
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_basic_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_basic_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af252b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_basic_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Basic test that OpTypeForwardPointer is matched
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %structptr "structptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %structptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+   %structt1 = OpTypeStruct %structptr %uint
+   %structt2 = OpTypeStruct %uint %structptr
+   %structt3 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %structptr
+   %structt4 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %uint %structptr
+  %structptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %structt1)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %structptr "structptr"
+               OpName %structptr2 "structptr2"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %structptr UniformConstant
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %structptr2 Function
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+   %structt1 = OpTypeStruct %structptr %uint
+   %structt2 = OpTypeStruct %uint %structptr
+   %structt3 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %structptr
+   %structt4 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %uint %structptr
+  %structptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %structt1
+  %structptr2 = OpTypePointer Function %structt1
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, OptypeforwardpointerBasic) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 7
++; Bound: 8
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Kernel
+ OpCapability Addresses
+ OpCapability Linkage
+ OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+ OpName %1 "structptr"
++OpName %7 "structptr2"
+ OpTypeForwardPointer %1 UniformConstant
++OpTypeForwardPointer %7 Function
+ %2 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %3 = OpTypeStruct %1 %2
+ %4 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1
+ %5 = OpTypeStruct %2 %2 %1
+ %6 = OpTypeStruct %2 %2 %2 %1
+ %1 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %3
++%7 = OpTypePointer Function %3
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, OptypeforwardpointerBasicNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %structptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+   %structt1 = OpTypeStruct %structptr %uint
+   %structt2 = OpTypeStruct %uint %structptr
+   %structt3 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %structptr
+   %structt4 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %uint %structptr
+  %structptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %structt1
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %structptr UniformConstant
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %structptr2 Function
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+   %structt1 = OpTypeStruct %structptr %uint
+   %structt2 = OpTypeStruct %uint %structptr
+   %structt3 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %structptr
+   %structt4 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %uint %structptr
+  %structptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %structt1
+  %structptr2 = OpTypePointer Function %structt1
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 7
++; Bound: 8
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Kernel
+ OpCapability Addresses
+ OpCapability Linkage
+ OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+ OpTypeForwardPointer %1 UniformConstant
++OpTypeForwardPointer %7 Function
+ %2 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %3 = OpTypeStruct %1 %2
+ %4 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1
+ %5 = OpTypeStruct %2 %2 %1
+ %6 = OpTypeStruct %2 %2 %2 %1
+ %1 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %3
++%7 = OpTypePointer Function %3
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_basic_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_basic_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c6e0cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_basic_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %structptr "structptr"
+               OpName %structptr2 "structptr2"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %structptr UniformConstant
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %structptr2 Function
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+   %structt1 = OpTypeStruct %structptr %uint
+   %structt2 = OpTypeStruct %uint %structptr
+   %structt3 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %structptr
+   %structt4 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %uint %structptr
+  %structptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %structt1
+  %structptr2 = OpTypePointer Function %structt1
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_basic_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_basic_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..408ec98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_basic_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+;; Basic test that OpTypeForwardPointer is matched
+               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %structptr "structptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %structptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+   %structt1 = OpTypeStruct %structptr %uint
+   %structt2 = OpTypeStruct %uint %structptr
+   %structt3 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %structptr
+   %structt4 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %uint %structptr
+  %structptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %structt1
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_intertwined_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_intertwined_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2c9008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_intertwined_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Tests that two forwarded types whose declarations are intertwined match
+// correctly
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %Aptr "Aptr"
+               OpName %Bptr "Bptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Bptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint %Bptr
+          %B = OpTypeStruct %uint %Aptr %Bptr
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A
+  %Bptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %B)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %Aptr "Aptr"
+               OpName %Bptr "Bptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Bptr UniformConstant
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %B = OpTypeStruct %uint %Aptr %Bptr %uint
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint %Bptr
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A
+  %Bptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %B
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, OptypeforwardpointerIntertwined) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 6
++; Bound: 7
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Kernel
+ OpCapability Addresses
+ OpCapability Linkage
+ OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+ OpName %1 "Aptr"
+ OpName %2 "Bptr"
+ OpTypeForwardPointer %1 UniformConstant
+ OpTypeForwardPointer %2 UniformConstant
+ %3 = OpTypeInt 32 0
++%6 = OpTypeStruct %3 %1 %2 %3
+ %4 = OpTypeStruct %1 %3 %2
+-%5 = OpTypeStruct %3 %1 %2
+ %1 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %4
+-%2 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %5
++%2 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %6
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, OptypeforwardpointerIntertwinedNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Bptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint %Bptr
+          %B = OpTypeStruct %uint %Aptr %Bptr
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A
+  %Bptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %B
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Bptr UniformConstant
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %B = OpTypeStruct %uint %Aptr %Bptr %uint
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint %Bptr
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A
+  %Bptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %B
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 6
++; Bound: 10
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Kernel
+ OpCapability Addresses
+ OpCapability Linkage
+ OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+-OpTypeForwardPointer %1 UniformConstant
+-OpTypeForwardPointer %2 UniformConstant
++OpTypeForwardPointer %6 UniformConstant
++OpTypeForwardPointer %7 UniformConstant
+ %3 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+-%4 = OpTypeStruct %1 %3 %2
+-%5 = OpTypeStruct %3 %1 %2
+-%1 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %4
+-%2 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %5
++%8 = OpTypeStruct %3 %7 %6 %3
++%9 = OpTypeStruct %7 %3 %6
++%7 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %9
++%6 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %8
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_intertwined_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_intertwined_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd73501
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_intertwined_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %Aptr "Aptr"
+               OpName %Bptr "Bptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Bptr UniformConstant
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %B = OpTypeStruct %uint %Aptr %Bptr %uint
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint %Bptr
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A
+  %Bptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %B
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_intertwined_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_intertwined_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fdaf28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_intertwined_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+;; Tests that two forwarded types whose declarations are intertwined match
+;; correctly
+               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %Aptr "Aptr"
+               OpName %Bptr "Bptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Bptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint %Bptr
+          %B = OpTypeStruct %uint %Aptr %Bptr
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A
+  %Bptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %B
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_class_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_class_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a59be3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_class_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Tests that two forwarded type pointers with mismatching storage classes
+// aren't matched
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %Aptr "Aptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %Aptr "Aptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr Function
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer Function %A
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, OptypeforwardpointerMismatchingClass) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 4
++; Bound: 6
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Kernel
+ OpCapability Addresses
+ OpCapability Linkage
+ OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+-OpName %1 "Aptr"
++OpName %4 "Aptr"
+-OpTypeForwardPointer %1 UniformConstant
++OpTypeForwardPointer %4 Function
+ %2 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+-%3 = OpTypeStruct %1 %2
+-%1 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %3
++%5 = OpTypeStruct %4 %2
++%4 = OpTypePointer Function %5
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, OptypeforwardpointerMismatchingClassNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr Function
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer Function %A
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 4
++; Bound: 6
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Kernel
+ OpCapability Addresses
+ OpCapability Linkage
+ OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+-OpTypeForwardPointer %1 UniformConstant
++OpTypeForwardPointer %4 Function
+ %2 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+-%3 = OpTypeStruct %1 %2
+-%1 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %3
++%5 = OpTypeStruct %4 %2
++%4 = OpTypePointer Function %5
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_class_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_class_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e874a0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_class_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %Aptr "Aptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr Function
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer Function %A
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_class_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_class_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a33933
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_class_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+;; Tests that two forwarded type pointers with mismatching storage classes
+;; aren't matched
+               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %Aptr "Aptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_type_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_type_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0067cdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_type_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Tests that two forwarded type pointers with mismatching types aren't matched
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %Aptr "Aptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %Aptr "Aptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %uint
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, OptypeforwardpointerMismatchingType) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 4
++; Bound: 5
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Kernel
+ OpCapability Addresses
+ OpCapability Linkage
+ OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+-OpName %1 "Aptr"
++OpName %4 "Aptr"
+-OpTypeForwardPointer %1 UniformConstant
++OpTypeForwardPointer %4 UniformConstant
+ %2 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+-%3 = OpTypeStruct %1 %2
+-%1 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %3
++%4 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %2
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, OptypeforwardpointerMismatchingTypeNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %uint
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 4
++; Bound: 5
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Kernel
+ OpCapability Addresses
+ OpCapability Linkage
+ OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+-OpTypeForwardPointer %1 UniformConstant
++OpTypeForwardPointer %4 UniformConstant
+ %2 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+-%3 = OpTypeStruct %1 %2
+-%1 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %3
++%4 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %2
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_type_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_type_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee3d35c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_type_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %Aptr "Aptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %uint
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_type_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_type_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4596a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_type_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+;; Tests that two forwarded type pointers with mismatching types aren't matched
+               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %Aptr "Aptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_nested_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_nested_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d66c28a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_nested_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Tests that two forwarded declarations match even if the type pointer is used
+// in a nested struct declaration, and in multiple places
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %Aptr "Aptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %C = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint %Aptr
+          %B = OpTypeStruct %C %Aptr %uint
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %B %C %B
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %Aptr "Aptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %C = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint %Aptr
+          %B = OpTypeStruct %C %Aptr
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %B %C %B
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, OptypeforwardpointerNested) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 6
++; Bound: 8
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Kernel
+ OpCapability Addresses
+ OpCapability Linkage
+ OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+ OpName %1 "Aptr"
+ OpTypeForwardPointer %1 UniformConstant
+ %2 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %3 = OpTypeStruct %1 %2 %1
+-%4 = OpTypeStruct %3 %1 %2
+-%5 = OpTypeStruct %4 %3 %4
++%6 = OpTypeStruct %3 %1
++%7 = OpTypeStruct %6 %3 %6
+-%1 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %5
++%1 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %7
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, OptypeforwardpointerNestedNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %C = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint %Aptr
+          %B = OpTypeStruct %C %Aptr %uint
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %B %C %B
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %C = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint %Aptr
+          %B = OpTypeStruct %C %Aptr
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %B %C %B
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 6
++; Bound: 8
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Kernel
+ OpCapability Addresses
+ OpCapability Linkage
+ OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+ OpTypeForwardPointer %1 UniformConstant
+ %2 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %3 = OpTypeStruct %1 %2 %1
+-%4 = OpTypeStruct %3 %1 %2
+-%5 = OpTypeStruct %4 %3 %4
++%6 = OpTypeStruct %3 %1
++%7 = OpTypeStruct %6 %3 %6
+-%1 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %5
++%1 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %7
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_nested_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_nested_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e248355
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_nested_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %Aptr "Aptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %C = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint %Aptr
+          %B = OpTypeStruct %C %Aptr
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %B %C %B
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_nested_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_nested_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..035410e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_nested_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+;; Tests that two forwarded declarations match even if the type pointer is used
+;; in a nested struct declaration, and in multiple places
+               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %Aptr "Aptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %Aptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %C = OpTypeStruct %Aptr %uint %Aptr
+          %B = OpTypeStruct %C %Aptr %uint
+          %A = OpTypeStruct %B %C %B
+  %Aptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %A
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_onesided_debug_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_onesided_debug_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df86fef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_onesided_debug_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Test that OpTypeForwardPointer is matched when one SPIR-V doesn't have debug
+// info
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %structptr "structptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %structptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+   %structt1 = OpTypeStruct %structptr %uint
+   %structt2 = OpTypeStruct %uint %structptr
+   %structt3 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %structptr
+   %structt4 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %uint %structptr
+  %structptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %structt1)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %structptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+   %structt1 = OpTypeStruct %structptr %uint
+   %structt2 = OpTypeStruct %uint %structptr
+   %structt3 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %structptr
+   %structt4 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %uint %structptr
+  %structptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %structt1
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, OptypeforwardpointerOnesidedDebug) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+ ; Bound: 7
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Kernel
+ OpCapability Addresses
+ OpCapability Linkage
+ OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+-OpName %1 "structptr"
+ OpTypeForwardPointer %1 UniformConstant
+ %2 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %3 = OpTypeStruct %1 %2
+ %4 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1
+ %5 = OpTypeStruct %2 %2 %1
+ %6 = OpTypeStruct %2 %2 %2 %1
+ %1 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %3
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, OptypeforwardpointerOnesidedDebugNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %structptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+   %structt1 = OpTypeStruct %structptr %uint
+   %structt2 = OpTypeStruct %uint %structptr
+   %structt3 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %structptr
+   %structt4 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %uint %structptr
+  %structptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %structt1
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %structptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+   %structt1 = OpTypeStruct %structptr %uint
+   %structt2 = OpTypeStruct %uint %structptr
+   %structt3 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %structptr
+   %structt4 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %uint %structptr
+  %structptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %structt1
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+ ; Bound: 7
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Kernel
+ OpCapability Addresses
+ OpCapability Linkage
+ OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+ OpTypeForwardPointer %1 UniformConstant
+ %2 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %3 = OpTypeStruct %1 %2
+ %4 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1
+ %5 = OpTypeStruct %2 %2 %1
+ %6 = OpTypeStruct %2 %2 %2 %1
+ %1 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %3
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_onesided_debug_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_onesided_debug_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e25710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_onesided_debug_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %structptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+   %structt1 = OpTypeStruct %structptr %uint
+   %structt2 = OpTypeStruct %uint %structptr
+   %structt3 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %structptr
+   %structt4 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %uint %structptr
+  %structptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %structt1
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_onesided_debug_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_onesided_debug_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e949b27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_onesided_debug_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+;; Test that OpTypeForwardPointer is matched when one SPIR-V doesn't have debug
+;; info
+               OpCapability Kernel
+               OpCapability Addresses
+               OpCapability Linkage
+               OpMemoryModel Logical OpenCL
+               OpName %structptr "structptr"
+               OpTypeForwardPointer %structptr UniformConstant
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+   %structt1 = OpTypeStruct %structptr %uint
+   %structt2 = OpTypeStruct %uint %structptr
+   %structt3 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %structptr
+   %structt4 = OpTypeStruct %uint %uint %uint %structptr
+  %structptr = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %structt1
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/README.md b/test/diff/diff_files/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5dcee25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Diff tests
+
+This directory contains files used to ensure correctness of the `spirv-diff` implementation.  The
+`generate_tests.py` script takes `name_src.spvasm` and `name_dst.spvasm` (for each `name`) and
+produces unit test files in the form of `name_autogen.cpp`.
+
+The unit test files test the diff between the src and dst inputs, as well as between debug-stripped
+versions of those.  Additionally, based on the `{variant}_TESTS` lists defined in
+`generate_tests.py`, extra unit tests are added to exercise different options of spirv-diff.
+
+New tests are added simply by placing a new `name_src.spvasm` and `name_dst.spvasm` pair in this
+directory and running `generate_tests.py`.  Note that this script needs the path to the spirv-diff
+executable that is built.
+
+The `generate_tests.py` script additionally expects `name_src.spvasm` to include a heading where the
+purpose of the test is explained.  This heading is parsed as a block of lines starting with `;;` at
+the top of the file.
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/basic_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/basic_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3afc70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/basic_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Basic test for spirv-diff
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+  OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+  OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %14 %19
+  OpSource GLSL 450
+  OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+  OpName %14 "ANGLEXfbPosition"
+  OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+  OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+  OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+  OpName %19 ""
+  OpName %22 "main"
+  OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+  OpDecorate %14 Location 0
+  OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+  OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+  OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%6 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %6 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%14 = OpVariable %13 Output
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Khronos Glslang Reference Front End; 10
+; Bound: 28
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main" %13 %17 %27
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "main"
+OpName %11 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %11 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %11 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %11 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+OpMemberName %11 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+OpName %13 ""
+OpName %17 "_ua_position"
+OpName %27 "ANGLEXfbPosition"
+OpMemberDecorate %11 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %11 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %11 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %11 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %11 Block
+OpDecorate %17 Location 0
+OpDecorate %27 Location 0
+%2 = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+%6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+%8 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%9 = OpConstant %8 1
+%10 = OpTypeArray %6 %9
+%11 = OpTypeStruct %7 %6 %10 %10
+%12 = OpTypePointer Output %11
+%13 = OpVariable %12 Output
+%14 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%15 = OpConstant %14 0
+%16 = OpTypePointer Input %7
+%17 = OpVariable %16 Input
+%19 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+%27 = OpVariable %19 Output
+%4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+%5 = OpLabel
+%18 = OpLoad %7 %17
+%20 = OpAccessChain %19 %13 %15
+OpStore %20 %18
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, Basic) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 27
++; Bound: 36
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
++%27 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+-OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %14 %19
++OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %19 %4 %14
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+ OpName %14 "ANGLEXfbPosition"
+ OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+ OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+ OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+ OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+ OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+ OpName %19 ""
+ OpName %22 "main"
+ OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %14 Location 0
+-OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+ OpDecorate %17 Block
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %6 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+-%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+-%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+-%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
++%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %29 %29
++%28 = OpConstant %5 1
++%29 = OpTypeArray %1 %28
+ %20 = OpTypeVoid
+ %25 = OpConstant %6 0
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+ %13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+ %21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %14 = OpVariable %13 Output
+ %19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+ %22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+ %23 = OpLabel
+ %24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+ %26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+ OpStore %26 %24
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, BasicNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+  OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+  OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %14 %19
+  OpSource GLSL 450
+  OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+  OpDecorate %14 Location 0
+  OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+  OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+  OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%6 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %6 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%14 = OpVariable %13 Output
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Khronos Glslang Reference Front End; 10
+; Bound: 28
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main" %13 %17 %27
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpMemberDecorate %11 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %11 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %11 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %11 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %11 Block
+OpDecorate %17 Location 0
+OpDecorate %27 Location 0
+%2 = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+%6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+%8 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%9 = OpConstant %8 1
+%10 = OpTypeArray %6 %9
+%11 = OpTypeStruct %7 %6 %10 %10
+%12 = OpTypePointer Output %11
+%13 = OpVariable %12 Output
+%14 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%15 = OpConstant %14 0
+%16 = OpTypePointer Input %7
+%17 = OpVariable %16 Input
+%19 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+%27 = OpVariable %19 Output
+%4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+%5 = OpLabel
+%18 = OpLoad %7 %17
+%20 = OpAccessChain %19 %13 %15
+OpStore %20 %18
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 27
++; Bound: 36
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
++%27 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+-OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %14 %19
++OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %19 %4 %14
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %14 Location 0
+-OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+ OpDecorate %17 Block
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %6 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+-%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+-%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+-%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
++%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %29 %29
++%28 = OpConstant %5 1
++%29 = OpTypeArray %1 %28
+ %20 = OpTypeVoid
+ %25 = OpConstant %6 0
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+ %13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+ %21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %14 = OpVariable %13 Output
+ %19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+ %22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+ %23 = OpLabel
+ %24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+ %26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+ OpStore %26 %24
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, BasicDumpIds) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 27
++; Bound: 36
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
++%27 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+-OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %14 %19
++OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %19 %4 %14
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+ OpName %14 "ANGLEXfbPosition"
+ OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+ OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+ OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+ OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+ OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+ OpName %19 ""
+ OpName %22 "main"
+ OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %14 Location 0
+-OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+ OpDecorate %17 Block
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %6 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+-%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+-%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+-%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
++%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %29 %29
++%28 = OpConstant %5 1
++%29 = OpTypeArray %1 %28
+ %20 = OpTypeVoid
+ %25 = OpConstant %6 0
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+ %13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+ %21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %14 = OpVariable %13 Output
+ %19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+ %22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+ %23 = OpLabel
+ %24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+ %26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+ OpStore %26 %24
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ Src ->  Dst
+   1 ->    6 [TypeFloat]
+   2 ->    7 [TypeVector]
+   3 ->   16 [TypePointer]
+   4 ->   17 [Variable]
+   5 ->    8 [TypeInt]
+   6 ->   14 [TypeInt]
+  13 ->   19 [TypePointer]
+  14 ->   27 [Variable]
+  15 ->   34 [Constant]
+  16 ->   35 [TypeArray]
+  17 ->   11 [TypeStruct]
+  18 ->   12 [TypePointer]
+  19 ->   13 [Variable]
+  20 ->    2 [TypeVoid]
+  21 ->    3 [TypeFunction]
+  22 ->    4 [Function]
+  23 ->    5 [Label]
+  24 ->   18 [Load]
+  25 ->   15 [Constant]
+  26 ->   20 [AccessChain]
+)";
+  Options options;
+  options.dump_id_map = true;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/basic_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/basic_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79cb888
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/basic_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Khronos Glslang Reference Front End; 10
+; Bound: 28
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main" %13 %17 %27
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "main"
+OpName %11 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %11 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %11 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %11 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+OpMemberName %11 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+OpName %13 ""
+OpName %17 "_ua_position"
+OpName %27 "ANGLEXfbPosition"
+OpMemberDecorate %11 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %11 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %11 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %11 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %11 Block
+OpDecorate %17 Location 0
+OpDecorate %27 Location 0
+%2 = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+%6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+%8 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%9 = OpConstant %8 1
+%10 = OpTypeArray %6 %9
+%11 = OpTypeStruct %7 %6 %10 %10
+%12 = OpTypePointer Output %11
+%13 = OpVariable %12 Output
+%14 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%15 = OpConstant %14 0
+%16 = OpTypePointer Input %7
+%17 = OpVariable %16 Input
+%19 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+%27 = OpVariable %19 Output
+%4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+%5 = OpLabel
+%18 = OpLoad %7 %17
+%20 = OpAccessChain %19 %13 %15
+OpStore %20 %18
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/basic_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/basic_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c55ec7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/basic_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+;; Basic test for spirv-diff
+; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+  OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+  OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %14 %19
+  OpSource GLSL 450
+  OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+  OpName %14 "ANGLEXfbPosition"
+  OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+  OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+  OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+  OpName %19 ""
+  OpName %22 "main"
+  OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+  OpDecorate %14 Location 0
+  OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+  OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+  OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%6 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %6 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%14 = OpVariable %13 Output
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/constant_array_size_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/constant_array_size_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16975ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/constant_array_size_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Tests that identical integer constants are matched when used as array size,
+// regardless of int or uint.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+OpName %19 ""
+OpName %22 "main"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %5 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+OpName %19 ""
+OpName %22 "main"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%6 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+%15 = OpConstant %6 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %5 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, ConstantArraySize) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 27
++; Bound: 34
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+ OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+ OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+ OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+ OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+ OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+ OpName %19 ""
+ OpName %22 "main"
+ OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+ OpDecorate %17 Block
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
++%27 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+-%15 = OpConstant %5 8
++%15 = OpConstant %27 8
+ %16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+ %17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+ %20 = OpTypeVoid
+ %25 = OpConstant %5 0
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+ %13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+ %21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+ %22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+ %23 = OpLabel
+ %24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+ %26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+ OpStore %26 %24
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, ConstantArraySizeNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %5 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%6 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+%15 = OpConstant %6 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %5 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 27
++; Bound: 34
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+ OpDecorate %17 Block
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
++%27 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+-%15 = OpConstant %5 8
++%15 = OpConstant %27 8
+ %16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+ %17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+ %20 = OpTypeVoid
+ %25 = OpConstant %5 0
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+ %13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+ %21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+ %22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+ %23 = OpLabel
+ %24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+ %26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+ OpStore %26 %24
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/constant_array_size_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/constant_array_size_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a432b61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/constant_array_size_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+OpName %19 ""
+OpName %22 "main"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%6 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+%15 = OpConstant %6 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %5 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/constant_array_size_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/constant_array_size_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e1ba64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/constant_array_size_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+;; Tests that identical integer constants are matched when used as array size,
+;; regardless of int or uint.
+; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+OpName %19 ""
+OpName %22 "main"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %5 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/diff_test_files_autogen.cmake b/test/diff/diff_files/diff_test_files_autogen.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6d3645
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/diff_test_files_autogen.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+# Generated by generate_tests.py
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+list(APPEND DIFF_TEST_FILES
+"diff_files/OpExtInst_in_dst_only_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/OpExtInst_in_src_only_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_basic_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_intertwined_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_class_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_mismatching_type_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_nested_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/OpTypeForwardPointer_onesided_debug_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/basic_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/constant_array_size_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/different_decorations_fragment_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/different_decorations_vertex_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/different_function_parameter_count_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/extra_if_block_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/index_signedness_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/int_vs_uint_constants_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/large_functions_large_diffs_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/large_functions_small_diffs_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/multiple_different_entry_points_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/multiple_same_entry_points_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/reordered_if_blocks_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/reordered_switch_blocks_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/small_functions_small_diffs_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/spec_constant_array_size_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/spec_constant_composite_autogen.cpp"
+"diff_files/unrelated_shaders_autogen.cpp"
+)
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_fragment_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_fragment_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d34654
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_fragment_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1626 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Test where variable set/binding/location decorations are different between
+// src and dst fragment shaders.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %63 "main" %4 %22
+OpExecutionMode %63 OriginUpperLeft
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ue"
+OpName %8 "_uf"
+OpName %11 "_ug"
+OpName %12 "_uA"
+OpMemberName %12 0 "_ux"
+OpName %14 "_uc"
+OpName %15 "_uB"
+OpMemberName %15 0 "_ux"
+OpName %20 "_ud"
+OpName %22 "_ucol"
+OpName %26 "ANGLEDepthRangeParams"
+OpMemberName %26 0 "near"
+OpMemberName %26 1 "far"
+OpMemberName %26 2 "diff"
+OpMemberName %26 3 "reserved"
+OpName %27 "ANGLEUniformBlock"
+OpMemberName %27 0 "viewport"
+OpMemberName %27 1 "clipDistancesEnabled"
+OpMemberName %27 2 "xfbActiveUnpaused"
+OpMemberName %27 3 "xfbVerticesPerInstance"
+OpMemberName %27 4 "numSamples"
+OpMemberName %27 5 "xfbBufferOffsets"
+OpMemberName %27 6 "acbBufferOffsets"
+OpMemberName %27 7 "depthRange"
+OpName %29 "ANGLEUniforms"
+OpName %33 "_uc"
+OpName %32 "_uh"
+OpName %49 "_ux"
+OpName %50 "_uy"
+OpName %48 "_ui"
+OpName %63 "main"
+OpName %65 "param"
+OpName %68 "param"
+OpName %73 "param"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %8 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %8 Binding 0
+OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %11 Binding 1
+OpMemberDecorate %12 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %12 0 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %12 Block
+OpDecorate %14 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %14 Binding 2
+OpMemberDecorate %15 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %15 0 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %15 BufferBlock
+OpDecorate %20 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %20 Binding 3
+OpDecorate %22 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %22 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %26 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %26 1 Offset 4
+OpMemberDecorate %26 2 Offset 8
+OpMemberDecorate %26 3 Offset 12
+OpMemberDecorate %27 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %27 1 Offset 16
+OpMemberDecorate %27 2 Offset 20
+OpMemberDecorate %27 3 Offset 24
+OpMemberDecorate %27 4 Offset 28
+OpMemberDecorate %27 5 Offset 32
+OpMemberDecorate %27 6 Offset 48
+OpMemberDecorate %27 7 Offset 64
+OpMemberDecorate %27 2 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %27 4 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %27 Block
+OpDecorate %29 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %29 Binding 4
+OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %43 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %49 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %50 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %53 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %54 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %59 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %60 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %67 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %68 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %72 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %73 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %75 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %76 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %77 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %80 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %81 RelaxedPrecision
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 1 Unknown
+%6 = OpTypeSampledImage %5
+%9 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba8
+%12 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%15 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%17 = OpConstant %16 2
+%18 = OpTypeArray %15 %17
+%23 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%24 = OpTypeVector %23 4
+%25 = OpTypeVector %16 4
+%26 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+%27 = OpTypeStruct %2 %16 %16 %23 %23 %24 %25 %26
+%35 = OpTypeVector %1 2
+%40 = OpTypeVector %23 2
+%61 = OpTypeVoid
+%69 = OpConstant %16 0
+%78 = OpConstant %16 1
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%7 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %6
+%10 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %9
+%13 = OpTypePointer Uniform %12
+%19 = OpTypePointer Uniform %18
+%21 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%28 = OpTypePointer Uniform %27
+%30 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+%70 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+%31 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30
+%47 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30 %30
+%62 = OpTypeFunction %61
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%8 = OpVariable %7 UniformConstant
+%11 = OpVariable %10 UniformConstant
+%14 = OpVariable %13 Uniform
+%20 = OpVariable %19 Uniform
+%22 = OpVariable %21 Output
+%29 = OpVariable %28 Uniform
+%32 = OpFunction %2 None %31
+%33 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%34 = OpLabel
+%36 = OpLoad %6 %8
+%37 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%38 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %37 %37 0 1
+%39 = OpImageSampleImplicitLod %2 %36 %38
+%41 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%42 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %41 %41 2 3
+%43 = OpConvertFToS %40 %42
+%44 = OpLoad %9 %11
+%45 = OpImageRead %2 %44 %43
+%46 = OpFAdd %2 %39 %45
+OpReturnValue %46
+OpFunctionEnd
+%48 = OpFunction %2 None %47
+%49 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%50 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%51 = OpLabel
+%52 = OpLoad %2 %49
+%53 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %52 %52 0 1
+%54 = OpLoad %2 %50
+%55 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %54 %54 2 3
+%56 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 0
+%57 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 1
+%58 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 0
+%59 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 1
+%60 = OpCompositeConstruct %2 %56 %57 %58 %59
+OpReturnValue %60
+OpFunctionEnd
+%63 = OpFunction %61 None %62
+%64 = OpLabel
+%65 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%68 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%73 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%66 = OpLoad %2 %4
+OpStore %65 %66
+%67 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %65
+%71 = OpAccessChain %70 %14 %69
+%72 = OpLoad %2 %71
+OpStore %68 %72
+%74 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %69 %69
+%75 = OpLoad %2 %74
+OpStore %73 %75
+%76 = OpFunctionCall %2 %48 %68 %73
+%77 = OpFAdd %2 %67 %76
+%79 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %78 %69
+%80 = OpLoad %2 %79
+%81 = OpFAdd %2 %77 %80
+OpStore %22 %81
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %63 "main" %4 %22
+OpExecutionMode %63 OriginUpperLeft
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ue"
+OpName %8 "_uf"
+OpName %11 "_ug"
+OpName %12 "_uA"
+OpMemberName %12 0 "_ux"
+OpName %14 "_uc"
+OpName %15 "_uB"
+OpMemberName %15 0 "_ux"
+OpName %20 "_ud"
+OpName %22 "_ucol"
+OpName %26 "ANGLEDepthRangeParams"
+OpMemberName %26 0 "near"
+OpMemberName %26 1 "far"
+OpMemberName %26 2 "diff"
+OpMemberName %26 3 "reserved"
+OpName %27 "ANGLEUniformBlock"
+OpMemberName %27 0 "viewport"
+OpMemberName %27 1 "clipDistancesEnabled"
+OpMemberName %27 2 "xfbActiveUnpaused"
+OpMemberName %27 3 "xfbVerticesPerInstance"
+OpMemberName %27 4 "numSamples"
+OpMemberName %27 5 "xfbBufferOffsets"
+OpMemberName %27 6 "acbBufferOffsets"
+OpMemberName %27 7 "depthRange"
+OpName %29 "ANGLEUniforms"
+OpName %33 "_uc"
+OpName %32 "_uh"
+OpName %49 "_ux"
+OpName %50 "_uy"
+OpName %48 "_ui"
+OpName %63 "main"
+OpName %65 "param"
+OpName %68 "param"
+OpName %73 "param"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 1
+OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %8 DescriptorSet 2
+OpDecorate %8 Binding 0
+OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 3
+OpDecorate %11 Binding 0
+OpMemberDecorate %12 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %12 0 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %12 Block
+OpDecorate %14 DescriptorSet 3
+OpDecorate %14 Binding 1
+OpMemberDecorate %15 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %15 0 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %15 BufferBlock
+OpDecorate %20 DescriptorSet 3
+OpDecorate %20 Binding 2
+OpDecorate %22 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %22 Location 1
+OpMemberDecorate %26 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %26 1 Offset 4
+OpMemberDecorate %26 2 Offset 8
+OpMemberDecorate %26 3 Offset 12
+OpMemberDecorate %27 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %27 1 Offset 16
+OpMemberDecorate %27 2 Offset 20
+OpMemberDecorate %27 3 Offset 24
+OpMemberDecorate %27 4 Offset 28
+OpMemberDecorate %27 5 Offset 32
+OpMemberDecorate %27 6 Offset 48
+OpMemberDecorate %27 7 Offset 64
+OpMemberDecorate %27 2 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %27 4 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %27 Block
+OpDecorate %29 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %29 Binding 0
+OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %43 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %49 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %50 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %53 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %54 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %59 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %60 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %67 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %68 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %72 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %73 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %75 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %76 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %77 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %80 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %81 RelaxedPrecision
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 1 Unknown
+%6 = OpTypeSampledImage %5
+%9 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba8
+%12 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%15 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%17 = OpConstant %16 2
+%18 = OpTypeArray %15 %17
+%23 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%24 = OpTypeVector %23 4
+%25 = OpTypeVector %16 4
+%26 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+%27 = OpTypeStruct %2 %16 %16 %23 %23 %24 %25 %26
+%35 = OpTypeVector %1 2
+%40 = OpTypeVector %23 2
+%61 = OpTypeVoid
+%69 = OpConstant %16 0
+%78 = OpConstant %16 1
+%82 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%7 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %6
+%10 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %9
+%13 = OpTypePointer Uniform %12
+%19 = OpTypePointer Uniform %18
+%83 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+%21 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%28 = OpTypePointer Uniform %27
+%30 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+%70 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+%31 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30
+%47 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30 %30
+%62 = OpTypeFunction %61
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%8 = OpVariable %7 UniformConstant
+%11 = OpVariable %10 UniformConstant
+%14 = OpVariable %13 Uniform
+%20 = OpVariable %19 Uniform
+%22 = OpVariable %21 Output
+%29 = OpVariable %28 Uniform
+%84 = OpConstant %23 0
+%85 = OpConstant %1 0.5
+%32 = OpFunction %2 None %31
+%33 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%34 = OpLabel
+%36 = OpLoad %6 %8
+%37 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%38 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %37 %37 0 1
+%39 = OpImageSampleImplicitLod %2 %36 %38
+%41 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%42 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %41 %41 2 3
+%43 = OpConvertFToS %40 %42
+%44 = OpLoad %9 %11
+%45 = OpImageRead %2 %44 %43
+%46 = OpFAdd %2 %39 %45
+OpReturnValue %46
+OpFunctionEnd
+%48 = OpFunction %2 None %47
+%49 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%50 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%51 = OpLabel
+%52 = OpLoad %2 %49
+%53 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %52 %52 0 1
+%54 = OpLoad %2 %50
+%55 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %54 %54 2 3
+%56 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 0
+%57 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 1
+%58 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 0
+%59 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 1
+%60 = OpCompositeConstruct %2 %56 %57 %58 %59
+OpReturnValue %60
+OpFunctionEnd
+%63 = OpFunction %61 None %62
+%64 = OpLabel
+%65 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%68 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%73 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%66 = OpLoad %2 %4
+OpStore %65 %66
+%67 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %65
+%71 = OpAccessChain %70 %14 %69
+%72 = OpLoad %2 %71
+OpStore %68 %72
+%74 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %69 %69
+%75 = OpLoad %2 %74
+OpStore %73 %75
+%76 = OpFunctionCall %2 %48 %68 %73
+%77 = OpFAdd %2 %67 %76
+%79 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %78 %69
+%80 = OpLoad %2 %79
+%81 = OpFAdd %2 %77 %80
+OpStore %22 %81
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, DifferentDecorationsFragment) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 82
++; Bound: 86
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Fragment %63 "main" %4 %22
+ OpExecutionMode %63 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpName %4 "_ue"
+ OpName %8 "_uf"
+ OpName %11 "_ug"
+ OpName %12 "_uA"
+ OpMemberName %12 0 "_ux"
+ OpName %14 "_uc"
+ OpName %15 "_uB"
+ OpMemberName %15 0 "_ux"
+ OpName %20 "_ud"
+ OpName %22 "_ucol"
+ OpName %26 "ANGLEDepthRangeParams"
+ OpMemberName %26 0 "near"
+ OpMemberName %26 1 "far"
+ OpMemberName %26 2 "diff"
+ OpMemberName %26 3 "reserved"
+ OpName %27 "ANGLEUniformBlock"
+ OpMemberName %27 0 "viewport"
+ OpMemberName %27 1 "clipDistancesEnabled"
+ OpMemberName %27 2 "xfbActiveUnpaused"
+ OpMemberName %27 3 "xfbVerticesPerInstance"
+ OpMemberName %27 4 "numSamples"
+ OpMemberName %27 5 "xfbBufferOffsets"
+ OpMemberName %27 6 "acbBufferOffsets"
+ OpMemberName %27 7 "depthRange"
+ OpName %29 "ANGLEUniforms"
+ OpName %33 "_uc"
+ OpName %32 "_uh"
+ OpName %49 "_ux"
+ OpName %50 "_uy"
+ OpName %48 "_ui"
+ OpName %63 "main"
+ OpName %65 "param"
+ OpName %68 "param"
+ OpName %73 "param"
+-OpDecorate %4 Location 0
++OpDecorate %4 Location 1
+ OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %8 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %8 DescriptorSet 2
+ OpDecorate %8 Binding 0
+-OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 3
+-OpDecorate %11 Binding 1
++OpDecorate %11 Binding 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %12 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %12 0 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %12 Block
+-OpDecorate %14 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %14 DescriptorSet 3
+-OpDecorate %14 Binding 2
++OpDecorate %14 Binding 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %15 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %15 0 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %15 BufferBlock
+-OpDecorate %20 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %20 DescriptorSet 3
+-OpDecorate %20 Binding 3
++OpDecorate %20 Binding 2
+ OpDecorate %22 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %22 Location 0
++OpDecorate %22 Location 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %26 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %26 1 Offset 4
+ OpMemberDecorate %26 2 Offset 8
+ OpMemberDecorate %26 3 Offset 12
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 1 Offset 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 2 Offset 20
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 3 Offset 24
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 4 Offset 28
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 5 Offset 32
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 6 Offset 48
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 7 Offset 64
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 2 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 4 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %27 Block
+ OpDecorate %29 DescriptorSet 0
+-OpDecorate %29 Binding 4
++OpDecorate %29 Binding 0
+ OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %43 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %49 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %50 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %53 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %54 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %59 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %60 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %67 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %68 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %72 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %73 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %75 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %76 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %77 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %80 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %81 RelaxedPrecision
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %5 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 1 Unknown
+ %6 = OpTypeSampledImage %5
+ %9 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba8
+ %12 = OpTypeStruct %2
+ %15 = OpTypeStruct %2
+ %16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %17 = OpConstant %16 2
+ %18 = OpTypeArray %15 %17
+ %23 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %24 = OpTypeVector %23 4
+ %25 = OpTypeVector %16 4
+ %26 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+ %27 = OpTypeStruct %2 %16 %16 %23 %23 %24 %25 %26
+ %35 = OpTypeVector %1 2
+ %40 = OpTypeVector %23 2
+ %61 = OpTypeVoid
+ %69 = OpConstant %16 0
+ %78 = OpConstant %16 1
++%82 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+ %7 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %6
+ %10 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %9
+ %13 = OpTypePointer Uniform %12
+ %19 = OpTypePointer Uniform %18
++%83 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+ %21 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+ %28 = OpTypePointer Uniform %27
+ %30 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+ %70 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+ %31 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30
+ %47 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30 %30
+ %62 = OpTypeFunction %61
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %8 = OpVariable %7 UniformConstant
+ %11 = OpVariable %10 UniformConstant
+ %14 = OpVariable %13 Uniform
+ %20 = OpVariable %19 Uniform
+ %22 = OpVariable %21 Output
+ %29 = OpVariable %28 Uniform
++%84 = OpConstant %23 0
++%85 = OpConstant %1 0.5
+ %32 = OpFunction %2 None %31
+ %33 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+ %34 = OpLabel
+ %36 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %37 = OpLoad %2 %33
+ %38 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %37 %37 0 1
+ %39 = OpImageSampleImplicitLod %2 %36 %38
+ %41 = OpLoad %2 %33
+ %42 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %41 %41 2 3
+ %43 = OpConvertFToS %40 %42
+ %44 = OpLoad %9 %11
+ %45 = OpImageRead %2 %44 %43
+ %46 = OpFAdd %2 %39 %45
+ OpReturnValue %46
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %48 = OpFunction %2 None %47
+ %49 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+ %50 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+ %51 = OpLabel
+ %52 = OpLoad %2 %49
+ %53 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %52 %52 0 1
+ %54 = OpLoad %2 %50
+ %55 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %54 %54 2 3
+ %56 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 0
+ %57 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 1
+ %58 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 0
+ %59 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 1
+ %60 = OpCompositeConstruct %2 %56 %57 %58 %59
+ OpReturnValue %60
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %63 = OpFunction %61 None %62
+ %64 = OpLabel
+ %65 = OpVariable %30 Function
+ %68 = OpVariable %30 Function
+ %73 = OpVariable %30 Function
+ %66 = OpLoad %2 %4
+ OpStore %65 %66
+ %67 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %65
+ %71 = OpAccessChain %70 %14 %69
+ %72 = OpLoad %2 %71
+ OpStore %68 %72
+ %74 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %69 %69
+ %75 = OpLoad %2 %74
+ OpStore %73 %75
+ %76 = OpFunctionCall %2 %48 %68 %73
+ %77 = OpFAdd %2 %67 %76
+ %79 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %78 %69
+ %80 = OpLoad %2 %79
+ %81 = OpFAdd %2 %77 %80
+ OpStore %22 %81
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, DifferentDecorationsFragmentNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %63 "main" %4 %22
+OpExecutionMode %63 OriginUpperLeft
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %8 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %8 Binding 0
+OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %11 Binding 1
+OpMemberDecorate %12 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %12 0 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %12 Block
+OpDecorate %14 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %14 Binding 2
+OpMemberDecorate %15 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %15 0 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %15 BufferBlock
+OpDecorate %20 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %20 Binding 3
+OpDecorate %22 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %22 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %26 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %26 1 Offset 4
+OpMemberDecorate %26 2 Offset 8
+OpMemberDecorate %26 3 Offset 12
+OpMemberDecorate %27 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %27 1 Offset 16
+OpMemberDecorate %27 2 Offset 20
+OpMemberDecorate %27 3 Offset 24
+OpMemberDecorate %27 4 Offset 28
+OpMemberDecorate %27 5 Offset 32
+OpMemberDecorate %27 6 Offset 48
+OpMemberDecorate %27 7 Offset 64
+OpMemberDecorate %27 2 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %27 4 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %27 Block
+OpDecorate %29 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %29 Binding 4
+OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %43 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %49 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %50 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %53 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %54 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %59 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %60 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %67 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %68 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %72 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %73 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %75 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %76 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %77 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %80 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %81 RelaxedPrecision
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 1 Unknown
+%6 = OpTypeSampledImage %5
+%9 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba8
+%12 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%15 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%17 = OpConstant %16 2
+%18 = OpTypeArray %15 %17
+%23 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%24 = OpTypeVector %23 4
+%25 = OpTypeVector %16 4
+%26 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+%27 = OpTypeStruct %2 %16 %16 %23 %23 %24 %25 %26
+%35 = OpTypeVector %1 2
+%40 = OpTypeVector %23 2
+%61 = OpTypeVoid
+%69 = OpConstant %16 0
+%78 = OpConstant %16 1
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%7 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %6
+%10 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %9
+%13 = OpTypePointer Uniform %12
+%19 = OpTypePointer Uniform %18
+%21 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%28 = OpTypePointer Uniform %27
+%30 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+%70 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+%31 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30
+%47 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30 %30
+%62 = OpTypeFunction %61
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%8 = OpVariable %7 UniformConstant
+%11 = OpVariable %10 UniformConstant
+%14 = OpVariable %13 Uniform
+%20 = OpVariable %19 Uniform
+%22 = OpVariable %21 Output
+%29 = OpVariable %28 Uniform
+%32 = OpFunction %2 None %31
+%33 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%34 = OpLabel
+%36 = OpLoad %6 %8
+%37 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%38 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %37 %37 0 1
+%39 = OpImageSampleImplicitLod %2 %36 %38
+%41 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%42 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %41 %41 2 3
+%43 = OpConvertFToS %40 %42
+%44 = OpLoad %9 %11
+%45 = OpImageRead %2 %44 %43
+%46 = OpFAdd %2 %39 %45
+OpReturnValue %46
+OpFunctionEnd
+%48 = OpFunction %2 None %47
+%49 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%50 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%51 = OpLabel
+%52 = OpLoad %2 %49
+%53 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %52 %52 0 1
+%54 = OpLoad %2 %50
+%55 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %54 %54 2 3
+%56 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 0
+%57 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 1
+%58 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 0
+%59 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 1
+%60 = OpCompositeConstruct %2 %56 %57 %58 %59
+OpReturnValue %60
+OpFunctionEnd
+%63 = OpFunction %61 None %62
+%64 = OpLabel
+%65 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%68 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%73 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%66 = OpLoad %2 %4
+OpStore %65 %66
+%67 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %65
+%71 = OpAccessChain %70 %14 %69
+%72 = OpLoad %2 %71
+OpStore %68 %72
+%74 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %69 %69
+%75 = OpLoad %2 %74
+OpStore %73 %75
+%76 = OpFunctionCall %2 %48 %68 %73
+%77 = OpFAdd %2 %67 %76
+%79 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %78 %69
+%80 = OpLoad %2 %79
+%81 = OpFAdd %2 %77 %80
+OpStore %22 %81
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %63 "main" %4 %22
+OpExecutionMode %63 OriginUpperLeft
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpDecorate %4 Location 1
+OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %8 DescriptorSet 2
+OpDecorate %8 Binding 0
+OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 3
+OpDecorate %11 Binding 0
+OpMemberDecorate %12 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %12 0 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %12 Block
+OpDecorate %14 DescriptorSet 3
+OpDecorate %14 Binding 1
+OpMemberDecorate %15 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %15 0 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %15 BufferBlock
+OpDecorate %20 DescriptorSet 3
+OpDecorate %20 Binding 2
+OpDecorate %22 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %22 Location 1
+OpMemberDecorate %26 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %26 1 Offset 4
+OpMemberDecorate %26 2 Offset 8
+OpMemberDecorate %26 3 Offset 12
+OpMemberDecorate %27 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %27 1 Offset 16
+OpMemberDecorate %27 2 Offset 20
+OpMemberDecorate %27 3 Offset 24
+OpMemberDecorate %27 4 Offset 28
+OpMemberDecorate %27 5 Offset 32
+OpMemberDecorate %27 6 Offset 48
+OpMemberDecorate %27 7 Offset 64
+OpMemberDecorate %27 2 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %27 4 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %27 Block
+OpDecorate %29 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %29 Binding 0
+OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %43 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %49 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %50 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %53 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %54 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %59 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %60 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %67 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %68 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %72 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %73 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %75 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %76 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %77 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %80 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %81 RelaxedPrecision
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 1 Unknown
+%6 = OpTypeSampledImage %5
+%9 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba8
+%12 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%15 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%17 = OpConstant %16 2
+%18 = OpTypeArray %15 %17
+%23 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%24 = OpTypeVector %23 4
+%25 = OpTypeVector %16 4
+%26 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+%27 = OpTypeStruct %2 %16 %16 %23 %23 %24 %25 %26
+%35 = OpTypeVector %1 2
+%40 = OpTypeVector %23 2
+%61 = OpTypeVoid
+%69 = OpConstant %16 0
+%78 = OpConstant %16 1
+%82 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%7 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %6
+%10 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %9
+%13 = OpTypePointer Uniform %12
+%19 = OpTypePointer Uniform %18
+%83 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+%21 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%28 = OpTypePointer Uniform %27
+%30 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+%70 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+%31 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30
+%47 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30 %30
+%62 = OpTypeFunction %61
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%8 = OpVariable %7 UniformConstant
+%11 = OpVariable %10 UniformConstant
+%14 = OpVariable %13 Uniform
+%20 = OpVariable %19 Uniform
+%22 = OpVariable %21 Output
+%29 = OpVariable %28 Uniform
+%84 = OpConstant %23 0
+%85 = OpConstant %1 0.5
+%32 = OpFunction %2 None %31
+%33 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%34 = OpLabel
+%36 = OpLoad %6 %8
+%37 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%38 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %37 %37 0 1
+%39 = OpImageSampleImplicitLod %2 %36 %38
+%41 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%42 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %41 %41 2 3
+%43 = OpConvertFToS %40 %42
+%44 = OpLoad %9 %11
+%45 = OpImageRead %2 %44 %43
+%46 = OpFAdd %2 %39 %45
+OpReturnValue %46
+OpFunctionEnd
+%48 = OpFunction %2 None %47
+%49 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%50 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%51 = OpLabel
+%52 = OpLoad %2 %49
+%53 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %52 %52 0 1
+%54 = OpLoad %2 %50
+%55 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %54 %54 2 3
+%56 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 0
+%57 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 1
+%58 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 0
+%59 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 1
+%60 = OpCompositeConstruct %2 %56 %57 %58 %59
+OpReturnValue %60
+OpFunctionEnd
+%63 = OpFunction %61 None %62
+%64 = OpLabel
+%65 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%68 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%73 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%66 = OpLoad %2 %4
+OpStore %65 %66
+%67 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %65
+%71 = OpAccessChain %70 %14 %69
+%72 = OpLoad %2 %71
+OpStore %68 %72
+%74 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %69 %69
+%75 = OpLoad %2 %74
+OpStore %73 %75
+%76 = OpFunctionCall %2 %48 %68 %73
+%77 = OpFAdd %2 %67 %76
+%79 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %78 %69
+%80 = OpLoad %2 %79
+%81 = OpFAdd %2 %77 %80
+OpStore %22 %81
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 82
++; Bound: 92
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Fragment %63 "main" %4 %22
+ OpExecutionMode %63 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+-OpDecorate %4 Location 0
++OpDecorate %4 Location 1
+ OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %8 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %8 DescriptorSet 2
+ OpDecorate %8 Binding 0
+-OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 3
+-OpDecorate %11 Binding 1
++OpDecorate %11 Binding 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %12 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %12 0 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %12 Block
++OpDecorate %82 DescriptorSet 3
++OpDecorate %82 Binding 1
+-OpDecorate %14 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %14 DescriptorSet 3
+ OpDecorate %14 Binding 2
+ OpMemberDecorate %15 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %15 0 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %15 BufferBlock
+-OpDecorate %20 DescriptorSet 0
+-OpDecorate %20 Binding 3
+ OpDecorate %22 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %22 Location 0
++OpDecorate %22 Location 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %26 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %26 1 Offset 4
+ OpMemberDecorate %26 2 Offset 8
+ OpMemberDecorate %26 3 Offset 12
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 1 Offset 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 2 Offset 20
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 3 Offset 24
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 4 Offset 28
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 5 Offset 32
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 6 Offset 48
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 7 Offset 64
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 2 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 4 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %27 Block
+-OpDecorate %29 DescriptorSet 0
+-OpDecorate %29 Binding 4
++OpDecorate %83 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %83 Binding 0
+ OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
++OpDecorate %84 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %43 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %49 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %50 RelaxedPrecision
++OpDecorate %85 RelaxedPrecision
++OpDecorate %86 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %53 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %54 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %59 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %60 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %67 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %68 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %72 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %73 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %75 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %76 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %77 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %80 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %81 RelaxedPrecision
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %5 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 1 Unknown
+ %6 = OpTypeSampledImage %5
+ %9 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba8
+ %12 = OpTypeStruct %2
+ %15 = OpTypeStruct %2
+ %16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %17 = OpConstant %16 2
+ %18 = OpTypeArray %15 %17
+ %23 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %24 = OpTypeVector %23 4
+ %25 = OpTypeVector %16 4
+ %26 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+ %27 = OpTypeStruct %2 %16 %16 %23 %23 %24 %25 %26
+ %35 = OpTypeVector %1 2
+ %40 = OpTypeVector %23 2
+ %61 = OpTypeVoid
+ %69 = OpConstant %16 0
+ %78 = OpConstant %16 1
++%88 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+ %7 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %6
+ %10 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %9
+ %13 = OpTypePointer Uniform %12
+ %19 = OpTypePointer Uniform %18
++%89 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+ %21 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+ %28 = OpTypePointer Uniform %27
+ %30 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+ %70 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+ %31 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30
+ %47 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30 %30
+ %62 = OpTypeFunction %61
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %8 = OpVariable %7 UniformConstant
+ %11 = OpVariable %10 UniformConstant
++%82 = OpVariable %13 Uniform
+-%14 = OpVariable %13 Uniform
++%14 = OpVariable %19 Uniform
+-%20 = OpVariable %19 Uniform
+ %22 = OpVariable %21 Output
+-%29 = OpVariable %28 Uniform
++%83 = OpVariable %28 Uniform
++%90 = OpConstant %23 0
++%91 = OpConstant %1 0.5
+ %32 = OpFunction %2 None %31
+-%33 = OpFunctionParameter %30
++%84 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+ %34 = OpLabel
+ %36 = OpLoad %6 %8
+-%37 = OpLoad %2 %33
++%37 = OpLoad %2 %84
+ %38 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %37 %37 0 1
+ %39 = OpImageSampleImplicitLod %2 %36 %38
+-%41 = OpLoad %2 %33
++%41 = OpLoad %2 %84
+ %42 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %41 %41 2 3
+ %43 = OpConvertFToS %40 %42
+ %44 = OpLoad %9 %11
+ %45 = OpImageRead %2 %44 %43
+ %46 = OpFAdd %2 %39 %45
+ OpReturnValue %46
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %48 = OpFunction %2 None %47
+-%49 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+-%50 = OpFunctionParameter %30
++%85 = OpFunctionParameter %30
++%86 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+ %51 = OpLabel
+-%52 = OpLoad %2 %49
++%52 = OpLoad %2 %85
+ %53 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %52 %52 0 1
+-%54 = OpLoad %2 %50
++%54 = OpLoad %2 %86
+ %55 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %54 %54 2 3
+ %56 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 0
+ %57 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 1
+ %58 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 0
+ %59 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 1
+ %60 = OpCompositeConstruct %2 %56 %57 %58 %59
+ OpReturnValue %60
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %63 = OpFunction %61 None %62
+ %64 = OpLabel
+ %65 = OpVariable %30 Function
+ %68 = OpVariable %30 Function
+ %73 = OpVariable %30 Function
+ %66 = OpLoad %2 %4
+ OpStore %65 %66
+ %67 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %65
+-%71 = OpAccessChain %70 %14 %69
++%87 = OpAccessChain %70 %82 %69
+-%72 = OpLoad %2 %71
++%72 = OpLoad %2 %87
+ OpStore %68 %72
+-%74 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %69 %69
++%74 = OpAccessChain %70 %14 %69 %69
+ %75 = OpLoad %2 %74
+ OpStore %73 %75
+ %76 = OpFunctionCall %2 %48 %68 %73
+ %77 = OpFAdd %2 %67 %76
+-%79 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %78 %69
++%79 = OpAccessChain %70 %14 %78 %69
+ %80 = OpLoad %2 %79
+ %81 = OpFAdd %2 %77 %80
+ OpStore %22 %81
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, DifferentDecorationsFragmentIgnoreLocation) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 82
++; Bound: 86
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Fragment %63 "main" %4 %22
+ OpExecutionMode %63 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpName %4 "_ue"
+ OpName %8 "_uf"
+ OpName %11 "_ug"
+ OpName %12 "_uA"
+ OpMemberName %12 0 "_ux"
+ OpName %14 "_uc"
+ OpName %15 "_uB"
+ OpMemberName %15 0 "_ux"
+ OpName %20 "_ud"
+ OpName %22 "_ucol"
+ OpName %26 "ANGLEDepthRangeParams"
+ OpMemberName %26 0 "near"
+ OpMemberName %26 1 "far"
+ OpMemberName %26 2 "diff"
+ OpMemberName %26 3 "reserved"
+ OpName %27 "ANGLEUniformBlock"
+ OpMemberName %27 0 "viewport"
+ OpMemberName %27 1 "clipDistancesEnabled"
+ OpMemberName %27 2 "xfbActiveUnpaused"
+ OpMemberName %27 3 "xfbVerticesPerInstance"
+ OpMemberName %27 4 "numSamples"
+ OpMemberName %27 5 "xfbBufferOffsets"
+ OpMemberName %27 6 "acbBufferOffsets"
+ OpMemberName %27 7 "depthRange"
+ OpName %29 "ANGLEUniforms"
+ OpName %33 "_uc"
+ OpName %32 "_uh"
+ OpName %49 "_ux"
+ OpName %50 "_uy"
+ OpName %48 "_ui"
+ OpName %63 "main"
+ OpName %65 "param"
+ OpName %68 "param"
+ OpName %73 "param"
+-OpDecorate %4 Location 0
++OpDecorate %4 Location 1
+ OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %8 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %8 DescriptorSet 2
+ OpDecorate %8 Binding 0
+-OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 3
+-OpDecorate %11 Binding 1
++OpDecorate %11 Binding 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %12 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %12 0 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %12 Block
+-OpDecorate %14 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %14 DescriptorSet 3
+-OpDecorate %14 Binding 2
++OpDecorate %14 Binding 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %15 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %15 0 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %15 BufferBlock
+-OpDecorate %20 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %20 DescriptorSet 3
+-OpDecorate %20 Binding 3
++OpDecorate %20 Binding 2
+ OpDecorate %22 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %22 Location 0
++OpDecorate %22 Location 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %26 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %26 1 Offset 4
+ OpMemberDecorate %26 2 Offset 8
+ OpMemberDecorate %26 3 Offset 12
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 1 Offset 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 2 Offset 20
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 3 Offset 24
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 4 Offset 28
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 5 Offset 32
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 6 Offset 48
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 7 Offset 64
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 2 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 4 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %27 Block
+ OpDecorate %29 DescriptorSet 0
+-OpDecorate %29 Binding 4
++OpDecorate %29 Binding 0
+ OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %43 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %49 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %50 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %53 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %54 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %59 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %60 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %67 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %68 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %72 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %73 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %75 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %76 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %77 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %80 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %81 RelaxedPrecision
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %5 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 1 Unknown
+ %6 = OpTypeSampledImage %5
+ %9 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba8
+ %12 = OpTypeStruct %2
+ %15 = OpTypeStruct %2
+ %16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %17 = OpConstant %16 2
+ %18 = OpTypeArray %15 %17
+ %23 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %24 = OpTypeVector %23 4
+ %25 = OpTypeVector %16 4
+ %26 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+ %27 = OpTypeStruct %2 %16 %16 %23 %23 %24 %25 %26
+ %35 = OpTypeVector %1 2
+ %40 = OpTypeVector %23 2
+ %61 = OpTypeVoid
+ %69 = OpConstant %16 0
+ %78 = OpConstant %16 1
++%82 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+ %7 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %6
+ %10 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %9
+ %13 = OpTypePointer Uniform %12
+ %19 = OpTypePointer Uniform %18
++%83 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+ %21 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+ %28 = OpTypePointer Uniform %27
+ %30 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+ %70 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+ %31 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30
+ %47 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30 %30
+ %62 = OpTypeFunction %61
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %8 = OpVariable %7 UniformConstant
+ %11 = OpVariable %10 UniformConstant
+ %14 = OpVariable %13 Uniform
+ %20 = OpVariable %19 Uniform
+ %22 = OpVariable %21 Output
+ %29 = OpVariable %28 Uniform
++%84 = OpConstant %23 0
++%85 = OpConstant %1 0.5
+ %32 = OpFunction %2 None %31
+ %33 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+ %34 = OpLabel
+ %36 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %37 = OpLoad %2 %33
+ %38 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %37 %37 0 1
+ %39 = OpImageSampleImplicitLod %2 %36 %38
+ %41 = OpLoad %2 %33
+ %42 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %41 %41 2 3
+ %43 = OpConvertFToS %40 %42
+ %44 = OpLoad %9 %11
+ %45 = OpImageRead %2 %44 %43
+ %46 = OpFAdd %2 %39 %45
+ OpReturnValue %46
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %48 = OpFunction %2 None %47
+ %49 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+ %50 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+ %51 = OpLabel
+ %52 = OpLoad %2 %49
+ %53 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %52 %52 0 1
+ %54 = OpLoad %2 %50
+ %55 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %54 %54 2 3
+ %56 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 0
+ %57 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 1
+ %58 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 0
+ %59 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 1
+ %60 = OpCompositeConstruct %2 %56 %57 %58 %59
+ OpReturnValue %60
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %63 = OpFunction %61 None %62
+ %64 = OpLabel
+ %65 = OpVariable %30 Function
+ %68 = OpVariable %30 Function
+ %73 = OpVariable %30 Function
+ %66 = OpLoad %2 %4
+ OpStore %65 %66
+ %67 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %65
+ %71 = OpAccessChain %70 %14 %69
+ %72 = OpLoad %2 %71
+ OpStore %68 %72
+ %74 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %69 %69
+ %75 = OpLoad %2 %74
+ OpStore %73 %75
+ %76 = OpFunctionCall %2 %48 %68 %73
+ %77 = OpFAdd %2 %67 %76
+ %79 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %78 %69
+ %80 = OpLoad %2 %79
+ %81 = OpFAdd %2 %77 %80
+ OpStore %22 %81
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  options.ignore_location = true;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, DifferentDecorationsFragmentIgnoreSetBindingLocation) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 82
++; Bound: 86
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Fragment %63 "main" %4 %22
+ OpExecutionMode %63 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpName %4 "_ue"
+ OpName %8 "_uf"
+ OpName %11 "_ug"
+ OpName %12 "_uA"
+ OpMemberName %12 0 "_ux"
+ OpName %14 "_uc"
+ OpName %15 "_uB"
+ OpMemberName %15 0 "_ux"
+ OpName %20 "_ud"
+ OpName %22 "_ucol"
+ OpName %26 "ANGLEDepthRangeParams"
+ OpMemberName %26 0 "near"
+ OpMemberName %26 1 "far"
+ OpMemberName %26 2 "diff"
+ OpMemberName %26 3 "reserved"
+ OpName %27 "ANGLEUniformBlock"
+ OpMemberName %27 0 "viewport"
+ OpMemberName %27 1 "clipDistancesEnabled"
+ OpMemberName %27 2 "xfbActiveUnpaused"
+ OpMemberName %27 3 "xfbVerticesPerInstance"
+ OpMemberName %27 4 "numSamples"
+ OpMemberName %27 5 "xfbBufferOffsets"
+ OpMemberName %27 6 "acbBufferOffsets"
+ OpMemberName %27 7 "depthRange"
+ OpName %29 "ANGLEUniforms"
+ OpName %33 "_uc"
+ OpName %32 "_uh"
+ OpName %49 "_ux"
+ OpName %50 "_uy"
+ OpName %48 "_ui"
+ OpName %63 "main"
+ OpName %65 "param"
+ OpName %68 "param"
+ OpName %73 "param"
+-OpDecorate %4 Location 0
++OpDecorate %4 Location 1
+ OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %8 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %8 DescriptorSet 2
+ OpDecorate %8 Binding 0
+-OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 3
+-OpDecorate %11 Binding 1
++OpDecorate %11 Binding 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %12 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %12 0 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %12 Block
+-OpDecorate %14 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %14 DescriptorSet 3
+-OpDecorate %14 Binding 2
++OpDecorate %14 Binding 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %15 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %15 0 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %15 BufferBlock
+-OpDecorate %20 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %20 DescriptorSet 3
+-OpDecorate %20 Binding 3
++OpDecorate %20 Binding 2
+ OpDecorate %22 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %22 Location 0
++OpDecorate %22 Location 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %26 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %26 1 Offset 4
+ OpMemberDecorate %26 2 Offset 8
+ OpMemberDecorate %26 3 Offset 12
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 1 Offset 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 2 Offset 20
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 3 Offset 24
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 4 Offset 28
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 5 Offset 32
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 6 Offset 48
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 7 Offset 64
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 2 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %27 4 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %27 Block
+ OpDecorate %29 DescriptorSet 0
+-OpDecorate %29 Binding 4
++OpDecorate %29 Binding 0
+ OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %43 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %49 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %50 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %53 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %54 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %59 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %60 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %67 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %68 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %72 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %73 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %75 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %76 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %77 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %80 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %81 RelaxedPrecision
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %5 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 1 Unknown
+ %6 = OpTypeSampledImage %5
+ %9 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba8
+ %12 = OpTypeStruct %2
+ %15 = OpTypeStruct %2
+ %16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %17 = OpConstant %16 2
+ %18 = OpTypeArray %15 %17
+ %23 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %24 = OpTypeVector %23 4
+ %25 = OpTypeVector %16 4
+ %26 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+ %27 = OpTypeStruct %2 %16 %16 %23 %23 %24 %25 %26
+ %35 = OpTypeVector %1 2
+ %40 = OpTypeVector %23 2
+ %61 = OpTypeVoid
+ %69 = OpConstant %16 0
+ %78 = OpConstant %16 1
++%82 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+ %7 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %6
+ %10 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %9
+ %13 = OpTypePointer Uniform %12
+ %19 = OpTypePointer Uniform %18
++%83 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+ %21 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+ %28 = OpTypePointer Uniform %27
+ %30 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+ %70 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+ %31 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30
+ %47 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30 %30
+ %62 = OpTypeFunction %61
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %8 = OpVariable %7 UniformConstant
+ %11 = OpVariable %10 UniformConstant
+ %14 = OpVariable %13 Uniform
+ %20 = OpVariable %19 Uniform
+ %22 = OpVariable %21 Output
+ %29 = OpVariable %28 Uniform
++%84 = OpConstant %23 0
++%85 = OpConstant %1 0.5
+ %32 = OpFunction %2 None %31
+ %33 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+ %34 = OpLabel
+ %36 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %37 = OpLoad %2 %33
+ %38 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %37 %37 0 1
+ %39 = OpImageSampleImplicitLod %2 %36 %38
+ %41 = OpLoad %2 %33
+ %42 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %41 %41 2 3
+ %43 = OpConvertFToS %40 %42
+ %44 = OpLoad %9 %11
+ %45 = OpImageRead %2 %44 %43
+ %46 = OpFAdd %2 %39 %45
+ OpReturnValue %46
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %48 = OpFunction %2 None %47
+ %49 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+ %50 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+ %51 = OpLabel
+ %52 = OpLoad %2 %49
+ %53 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %52 %52 0 1
+ %54 = OpLoad %2 %50
+ %55 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %54 %54 2 3
+ %56 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 0
+ %57 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 1
+ %58 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 0
+ %59 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 1
+ %60 = OpCompositeConstruct %2 %56 %57 %58 %59
+ OpReturnValue %60
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %63 = OpFunction %61 None %62
+ %64 = OpLabel
+ %65 = OpVariable %30 Function
+ %68 = OpVariable %30 Function
+ %73 = OpVariable %30 Function
+ %66 = OpLoad %2 %4
+ OpStore %65 %66
+ %67 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %65
+ %71 = OpAccessChain %70 %14 %69
+ %72 = OpLoad %2 %71
+ OpStore %68 %72
+ %74 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %69 %69
+ %75 = OpLoad %2 %74
+ OpStore %73 %75
+ %76 = OpFunctionCall %2 %48 %68 %73
+ %77 = OpFAdd %2 %67 %76
+ %79 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %78 %69
+ %80 = OpLoad %2 %79
+ %81 = OpFAdd %2 %77 %80
+ OpStore %22 %81
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  options.ignore_set_binding = true;
+  options.ignore_location = true;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_fragment_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_fragment_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5d1c9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_fragment_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %63 "main" %4 %22
+OpExecutionMode %63 OriginUpperLeft
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ue"
+OpName %8 "_uf"
+OpName %11 "_ug"
+OpName %12 "_uA"
+OpMemberName %12 0 "_ux"
+OpName %14 "_uc"
+OpName %15 "_uB"
+OpMemberName %15 0 "_ux"
+OpName %20 "_ud"
+OpName %22 "_ucol"
+OpName %26 "ANGLEDepthRangeParams"
+OpMemberName %26 0 "near"
+OpMemberName %26 1 "far"
+OpMemberName %26 2 "diff"
+OpMemberName %26 3 "reserved"
+OpName %27 "ANGLEUniformBlock"
+OpMemberName %27 0 "viewport"
+OpMemberName %27 1 "clipDistancesEnabled"
+OpMemberName %27 2 "xfbActiveUnpaused"
+OpMemberName %27 3 "xfbVerticesPerInstance"
+OpMemberName %27 4 "numSamples"
+OpMemberName %27 5 "xfbBufferOffsets"
+OpMemberName %27 6 "acbBufferOffsets"
+OpMemberName %27 7 "depthRange"
+OpName %29 "ANGLEUniforms"
+OpName %33 "_uc"
+OpName %32 "_uh"
+OpName %49 "_ux"
+OpName %50 "_uy"
+OpName %48 "_ui"
+OpName %63 "main"
+OpName %65 "param"
+OpName %68 "param"
+OpName %73 "param"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 1
+OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %8 DescriptorSet 2
+OpDecorate %8 Binding 0
+OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 3
+OpDecorate %11 Binding 0
+OpMemberDecorate %12 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %12 0 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %12 Block
+OpDecorate %14 DescriptorSet 3
+OpDecorate %14 Binding 1
+OpMemberDecorate %15 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %15 0 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %15 BufferBlock
+OpDecorate %20 DescriptorSet 3
+OpDecorate %20 Binding 2
+OpDecorate %22 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %22 Location 1
+OpMemberDecorate %26 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %26 1 Offset 4
+OpMemberDecorate %26 2 Offset 8
+OpMemberDecorate %26 3 Offset 12
+OpMemberDecorate %27 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %27 1 Offset 16
+OpMemberDecorate %27 2 Offset 20
+OpMemberDecorate %27 3 Offset 24
+OpMemberDecorate %27 4 Offset 28
+OpMemberDecorate %27 5 Offset 32
+OpMemberDecorate %27 6 Offset 48
+OpMemberDecorate %27 7 Offset 64
+OpMemberDecorate %27 2 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %27 4 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %27 Block
+OpDecorate %29 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %29 Binding 0
+OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %43 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %49 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %50 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %53 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %54 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %59 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %60 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %67 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %68 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %72 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %73 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %75 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %76 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %77 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %80 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %81 RelaxedPrecision
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 1 Unknown
+%6 = OpTypeSampledImage %5
+%9 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba8
+%12 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%15 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%17 = OpConstant %16 2
+%18 = OpTypeArray %15 %17
+%23 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%24 = OpTypeVector %23 4
+%25 = OpTypeVector %16 4
+%26 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+%27 = OpTypeStruct %2 %16 %16 %23 %23 %24 %25 %26
+%35 = OpTypeVector %1 2
+%40 = OpTypeVector %23 2
+%61 = OpTypeVoid
+%69 = OpConstant %16 0
+%78 = OpConstant %16 1
+%82 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%7 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %6
+%10 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %9
+%13 = OpTypePointer Uniform %12
+%19 = OpTypePointer Uniform %18
+%83 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+%21 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%28 = OpTypePointer Uniform %27
+%30 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+%70 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+%31 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30
+%47 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30 %30
+%62 = OpTypeFunction %61
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%8 = OpVariable %7 UniformConstant
+%11 = OpVariable %10 UniformConstant
+%14 = OpVariable %13 Uniform
+%20 = OpVariable %19 Uniform
+%22 = OpVariable %21 Output
+%29 = OpVariable %28 Uniform
+%84 = OpConstant %23 0
+%85 = OpConstant %1 0.5
+%32 = OpFunction %2 None %31
+%33 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%34 = OpLabel
+%36 = OpLoad %6 %8
+%37 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%38 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %37 %37 0 1
+%39 = OpImageSampleImplicitLod %2 %36 %38
+%41 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%42 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %41 %41 2 3
+%43 = OpConvertFToS %40 %42
+%44 = OpLoad %9 %11
+%45 = OpImageRead %2 %44 %43
+%46 = OpFAdd %2 %39 %45
+OpReturnValue %46
+OpFunctionEnd
+%48 = OpFunction %2 None %47
+%49 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%50 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%51 = OpLabel
+%52 = OpLoad %2 %49
+%53 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %52 %52 0 1
+%54 = OpLoad %2 %50
+%55 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %54 %54 2 3
+%56 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 0
+%57 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 1
+%58 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 0
+%59 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 1
+%60 = OpCompositeConstruct %2 %56 %57 %58 %59
+OpReturnValue %60
+OpFunctionEnd
+%63 = OpFunction %61 None %62
+%64 = OpLabel
+%65 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%68 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%73 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%66 = OpLoad %2 %4
+OpStore %65 %66
+%67 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %65
+%71 = OpAccessChain %70 %14 %69
+%72 = OpLoad %2 %71
+OpStore %68 %72
+%74 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %69 %69
+%75 = OpLoad %2 %74
+OpStore %73 %75
+%76 = OpFunctionCall %2 %48 %68 %73
+%77 = OpFAdd %2 %67 %76
+%79 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %78 %69
+%80 = OpLoad %2 %79
+%81 = OpFAdd %2 %77 %80
+OpStore %22 %81
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_fragment_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_fragment_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c8cd64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_fragment_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+;; Test where variable set/binding/location decorations are different between
+;; src and dst fragment shaders.
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %63 "main" %4 %22
+OpExecutionMode %63 OriginUpperLeft
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ue"
+OpName %8 "_uf"
+OpName %11 "_ug"
+OpName %12 "_uA"
+OpMemberName %12 0 "_ux"
+OpName %14 "_uc"
+OpName %15 "_uB"
+OpMemberName %15 0 "_ux"
+OpName %20 "_ud"
+OpName %22 "_ucol"
+OpName %26 "ANGLEDepthRangeParams"
+OpMemberName %26 0 "near"
+OpMemberName %26 1 "far"
+OpMemberName %26 2 "diff"
+OpMemberName %26 3 "reserved"
+OpName %27 "ANGLEUniformBlock"
+OpMemberName %27 0 "viewport"
+OpMemberName %27 1 "clipDistancesEnabled"
+OpMemberName %27 2 "xfbActiveUnpaused"
+OpMemberName %27 3 "xfbVerticesPerInstance"
+OpMemberName %27 4 "numSamples"
+OpMemberName %27 5 "xfbBufferOffsets"
+OpMemberName %27 6 "acbBufferOffsets"
+OpMemberName %27 7 "depthRange"
+OpName %29 "ANGLEUniforms"
+OpName %33 "_uc"
+OpName %32 "_uh"
+OpName %49 "_ux"
+OpName %50 "_uy"
+OpName %48 "_ui"
+OpName %63 "main"
+OpName %65 "param"
+OpName %68 "param"
+OpName %73 "param"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %8 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %8 Binding 0
+OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %11 Binding 1
+OpMemberDecorate %12 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %12 0 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %12 Block
+OpDecorate %14 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %14 Binding 2
+OpMemberDecorate %15 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %15 0 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %15 BufferBlock
+OpDecorate %20 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %20 Binding 3
+OpDecorate %22 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %22 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %26 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %26 1 Offset 4
+OpMemberDecorate %26 2 Offset 8
+OpMemberDecorate %26 3 Offset 12
+OpMemberDecorate %27 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %27 1 Offset 16
+OpMemberDecorate %27 2 Offset 20
+OpMemberDecorate %27 3 Offset 24
+OpMemberDecorate %27 4 Offset 28
+OpMemberDecorate %27 5 Offset 32
+OpMemberDecorate %27 6 Offset 48
+OpMemberDecorate %27 7 Offset 64
+OpMemberDecorate %27 2 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %27 4 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %27 Block
+OpDecorate %29 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %29 Binding 4
+OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %43 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %49 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %50 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %53 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %54 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %59 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %60 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %67 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %68 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %72 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %73 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %75 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %76 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %77 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %80 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %81 RelaxedPrecision
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 1 Unknown
+%6 = OpTypeSampledImage %5
+%9 = OpTypeImage %1 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba8
+%12 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%15 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%17 = OpConstant %16 2
+%18 = OpTypeArray %15 %17
+%23 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%24 = OpTypeVector %23 4
+%25 = OpTypeVector %16 4
+%26 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+%27 = OpTypeStruct %2 %16 %16 %23 %23 %24 %25 %26
+%35 = OpTypeVector %1 2
+%40 = OpTypeVector %23 2
+%61 = OpTypeVoid
+%69 = OpConstant %16 0
+%78 = OpConstant %16 1
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%7 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %6
+%10 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %9
+%13 = OpTypePointer Uniform %12
+%19 = OpTypePointer Uniform %18
+%21 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%28 = OpTypePointer Uniform %27
+%30 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+%70 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+%31 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30
+%47 = OpTypeFunction %2 %30 %30
+%62 = OpTypeFunction %61
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%8 = OpVariable %7 UniformConstant
+%11 = OpVariable %10 UniformConstant
+%14 = OpVariable %13 Uniform
+%20 = OpVariable %19 Uniform
+%22 = OpVariable %21 Output
+%29 = OpVariable %28 Uniform
+%32 = OpFunction %2 None %31
+%33 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%34 = OpLabel
+%36 = OpLoad %6 %8
+%37 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%38 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %37 %37 0 1
+%39 = OpImageSampleImplicitLod %2 %36 %38
+%41 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%42 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %41 %41 2 3
+%43 = OpConvertFToS %40 %42
+%44 = OpLoad %9 %11
+%45 = OpImageRead %2 %44 %43
+%46 = OpFAdd %2 %39 %45
+OpReturnValue %46
+OpFunctionEnd
+%48 = OpFunction %2 None %47
+%49 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%50 = OpFunctionParameter %30
+%51 = OpLabel
+%52 = OpLoad %2 %49
+%53 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %52 %52 0 1
+%54 = OpLoad %2 %50
+%55 = OpVectorShuffle %35 %54 %54 2 3
+%56 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 0
+%57 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %53 1
+%58 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 0
+%59 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %55 1
+%60 = OpCompositeConstruct %2 %56 %57 %58 %59
+OpReturnValue %60
+OpFunctionEnd
+%63 = OpFunction %61 None %62
+%64 = OpLabel
+%65 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%68 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%73 = OpVariable %30 Function
+%66 = OpLoad %2 %4
+OpStore %65 %66
+%67 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %65
+%71 = OpAccessChain %70 %14 %69
+%72 = OpLoad %2 %71
+OpStore %68 %72
+%74 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %69 %69
+%75 = OpLoad %2 %74
+OpStore %73 %75
+%76 = OpFunctionCall %2 %48 %68 %73
+%77 = OpFAdd %2 %67 %76
+%79 = OpAccessChain %70 %20 %78 %69
+%80 = OpLoad %2 %79
+%81 = OpFAdd %2 %77 %80
+OpStore %22 %81
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_vertex_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_vertex_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f65ee5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_vertex_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1322 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Test where variable set/binding/location decorations are different between
+// src and dst vertex shaders.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %40 "main" %4 %5 %6 %8 %20 %25
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ub"
+OpName %5 "_uc"
+OpName %6 "_ud"
+OpName %8 "_ue"
+OpName %9 "defaultUniformsVS"
+OpMemberName %9 0 "_ua"
+OpName %11 ""
+OpName %16 "ANGLEDepthRangeParams"
+OpMemberName %16 0 "near"
+OpMemberName %16 1 "far"
+OpMemberName %16 2 "diff"
+OpMemberName %16 3 "reserved"
+OpName %17 "ANGLEUniformBlock"
+OpMemberName %17 0 "viewport"
+OpMemberName %17 1 "clipDistancesEnabled"
+OpMemberName %17 2 "xfbActiveUnpaused"
+OpMemberName %17 3 "xfbVerticesPerInstance"
+OpMemberName %17 4 "numSamples"
+OpMemberName %17 5 "xfbBufferOffsets"
+OpMemberName %17 6 "acbBufferOffsets"
+OpMemberName %17 7 "depthRange"
+OpName %19 "ANGLEUniforms"
+OpName %20 "ANGLEXfbPosition"
+OpName %23 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %23 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %23 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %23 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+OpMemberName %23 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+OpName %25 ""
+OpName %29 "_ua"
+OpName %28 "_uf"
+OpName %33 "_uf"
+OpName %32 "_ug"
+OpName %40 "main"
+OpName %42 "param"
+OpName %50 "param"
+OpName %53 "param"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpDecorate %5 Location 1
+OpDecorate %6 Location 2
+OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %9 0 Offset 0
+OpDecorate %9 Block
+OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %11 Binding 0
+OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+OpMemberDecorate %16 2 Offset 8
+OpMemberDecorate %16 3 Offset 12
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 Offset 16
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 Offset 20
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 Offset 24
+OpMemberDecorate %17 4 Offset 28
+OpMemberDecorate %17 5 Offset 32
+OpMemberDecorate %17 6 Offset 48
+OpMemberDecorate %17 7 Offset 64
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 4 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %19 Binding 1
+OpDecorate %20 Location 1
+OpMemberDecorate %23 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %23 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %23 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %23 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %23 Block
+OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%9 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%12 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%13 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%14 = OpTypeVector %13 4
+%15 = OpTypeVector %12 4
+%16 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %12 %12 %13 %13 %14 %15 %16
+%21 = OpConstant %12 8
+%22 = OpTypeArray %1 %21
+%23 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %22 %22
+%38 = OpTypeVoid
+%45 = OpConstant %12 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%7 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%10 = OpTypePointer Uniform %9
+%18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+%24 = OpTypePointer Output %23
+%26 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+%46 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+%27 = OpTypeFunction %2 %26
+%39 = OpTypeFunction %38
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%5 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%6 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+%11 = OpVariable %10 Uniform
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+%20 = OpVariable %7 Output
+%25 = OpVariable %24 Output
+%28 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+%29 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+%30 = OpLabel
+%31 = OpLoad %2 %29
+OpReturnValue %31
+OpFunctionEnd
+%32 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+%33 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+%34 = OpLabel
+%35 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%36 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%37 = OpFAdd %2 %35 %36
+OpReturnValue %37
+OpFunctionEnd
+%40 = OpFunction %38 None %39
+%41 = OpLabel
+%42 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%50 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%53 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%43 = OpLoad %2 %4
+OpStore %42 %43
+%44 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %42
+%47 = OpAccessChain %46 %11 %45
+%48 = OpLoad %2 %47
+%49 = OpFAdd %2 %44 %48
+OpStore %8 %49
+%51 = OpLoad %2 %5
+OpStore %50 %51
+%52 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %50
+%54 = OpLoad %2 %6
+OpStore %53 %54
+%55 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %53
+%56 = OpFAdd %2 %52 %55
+%57 = OpAccessChain %7 %25 %45
+OpStore %57 %56
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %40 "main" %4 %5 %6 %8 %25
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ub"
+OpName %5 "_uc"
+OpName %6 "_ud"
+OpName %8 "_ue"
+OpName %9 "defaultUniformsVS"
+OpMemberName %9 0 "_ua"
+OpName %11 ""
+OpName %16 "ANGLEDepthRangeParams"
+OpMemberName %16 0 "near"
+OpMemberName %16 1 "far"
+OpMemberName %16 2 "diff"
+OpMemberName %16 3 "reserved"
+OpName %17 "ANGLEUniformBlock"
+OpMemberName %17 0 "viewport"
+OpMemberName %17 1 "clipDistancesEnabled"
+OpMemberName %17 2 "xfbActiveUnpaused"
+OpMemberName %17 3 "xfbVerticesPerInstance"
+OpMemberName %17 4 "numSamples"
+OpMemberName %17 5 "xfbBufferOffsets"
+OpMemberName %17 6 "acbBufferOffsets"
+OpMemberName %17 7 "depthRange"
+OpName %19 "ANGLEUniforms"
+OpName %23 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %23 0 "gl_Position"
+OpName %25 ""
+OpName %29 "_ua"
+OpName %28 "_uf"
+OpName %33 "_uf"
+OpName %32 "_ug"
+OpName %40 "main"
+OpName %42 "param"
+OpName %50 "param"
+OpName %53 "param"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 1
+OpDecorate %5 Location 2
+OpDecorate %6 Location 0
+OpDecorate %8 Location 1
+OpMemberDecorate %9 0 Offset 0
+OpDecorate %9 Block
+OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %11 Binding 1
+OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+OpMemberDecorate %16 2 Offset 8
+OpMemberDecorate %16 3 Offset 12
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 Offset 16
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 Offset 20
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 Offset 24
+OpMemberDecorate %17 4 Offset 28
+OpMemberDecorate %17 5 Offset 32
+OpMemberDecorate %17 6 Offset 48
+OpMemberDecorate %17 7 Offset 64
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 4 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 2
+OpDecorate %19 Binding 0
+OpMemberDecorate %23 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpDecorate %23 Block
+OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%9 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%12 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%13 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%14 = OpTypeVector %13 4
+%15 = OpTypeVector %12 4
+%16 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %12 %12 %13 %13 %14 %15 %16
+%21 = OpConstant %12 8
+%22 = OpTypeArray %1 %21
+%23 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%38 = OpTypeVoid
+%45 = OpConstant %12 0
+%58 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%59 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+%7 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%10 = OpTypePointer Uniform %9
+%18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+%24 = OpTypePointer Output %23
+%26 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+%46 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+%27 = OpTypeFunction %2 %26
+%39 = OpTypeFunction %38
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%5 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%6 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+%11 = OpVariable %10 Uniform
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+%20 = OpVariable %59 Private
+%25 = OpVariable %24 Output
+%60 = OpConstant %13 0
+%61 = OpConstant %1 0.5
+%28 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+%29 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+%30 = OpLabel
+%31 = OpLoad %2 %29
+OpReturnValue %31
+OpFunctionEnd
+%32 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+%33 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+%34 = OpLabel
+%35 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%36 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%37 = OpFAdd %2 %35 %36
+OpReturnValue %37
+OpFunctionEnd
+%40 = OpFunction %38 None %39
+%41 = OpLabel
+%42 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%50 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%53 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%43 = OpLoad %2 %4
+OpStore %42 %43
+%44 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %42
+%47 = OpAccessChain %46 %11 %45
+%48 = OpLoad %2 %47
+%49 = OpFAdd %2 %44 %48
+OpStore %8 %49
+%51 = OpLoad %2 %5
+OpStore %50 %51
+%52 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %50
+%54 = OpLoad %2 %6
+OpStore %53 %54
+%55 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %53
+%56 = OpFAdd %2 %52 %55
+%57 = OpAccessChain %7 %25 %45
+OpStore %57 %56
+%62 = OpAccessChain %7 %25 %60
+%63 = OpLoad %2 %62
+%64 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %63 0
+%65 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %63 1
+%66 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %63 2
+%67 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %63 3
+%69 = OpFNegate %1 %64
+%70 = OpFAdd %1 %66 %67
+%71 = OpFMul %1 %70 %61
+%68 = OpCompositeConstruct %2 %65 %69 %71 %67
+OpStore %62 %68
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, DifferentDecorationsVertex) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 58
++; Bound: 73
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+-OpEntryPoint Vertex %40 "main" %4 %5 %6 %8 %20 %25
++OpEntryPoint Vertex %40 "main" %4 %5 %6 %8 %25
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpName %4 "_ub"
+ OpName %5 "_uc"
+ OpName %6 "_ud"
+ OpName %8 "_ue"
+ OpName %9 "defaultUniformsVS"
+ OpMemberName %9 0 "_ua"
+ OpName %11 ""
+ OpName %16 "ANGLEDepthRangeParams"
+ OpMemberName %16 0 "near"
+ OpMemberName %16 1 "far"
+ OpMemberName %16 2 "diff"
+ OpMemberName %16 3 "reserved"
+ OpName %17 "ANGLEUniformBlock"
+ OpMemberName %17 0 "viewport"
+ OpMemberName %17 1 "clipDistancesEnabled"
+ OpMemberName %17 2 "xfbActiveUnpaused"
+ OpMemberName %17 3 "xfbVerticesPerInstance"
+ OpMemberName %17 4 "numSamples"
+ OpMemberName %17 5 "xfbBufferOffsets"
+ OpMemberName %17 6 "acbBufferOffsets"
+ OpMemberName %17 7 "depthRange"
+ OpName %19 "ANGLEUniforms"
+-OpName %20 "ANGLEXfbPosition"
+ OpName %23 "gl_PerVertex"
+ OpMemberName %23 0 "gl_Position"
+-OpMemberName %23 1 "gl_PointSize"
+-OpMemberName %23 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+-OpMemberName %23 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+ OpName %25 ""
+ OpName %29 "_ua"
+ OpName %28 "_uf"
+ OpName %33 "_uf"
+ OpName %32 "_ug"
+ OpName %40 "main"
+ OpName %42 "param"
+ OpName %50 "param"
+ OpName %53 "param"
+-OpDecorate %4 Location 0
++OpDecorate %4 Location 1
+-OpDecorate %5 Location 1
++OpDecorate %5 Location 2
+-OpDecorate %6 Location 2
++OpDecorate %6 Location 0
+-OpDecorate %8 Location 0
++OpDecorate %8 Location 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %9 0 Offset 0
+ OpDecorate %9 Block
+ OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 0
+-OpDecorate %11 Binding 0
++OpDecorate %11 Binding 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 2 Offset 8
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 3 Offset 12
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 Offset 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 Offset 20
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 3 Offset 24
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 4 Offset 28
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 5 Offset 32
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 6 Offset 48
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 7 Offset 64
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 4 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %17 Block
+-OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 2
+-OpDecorate %19 Binding 1
++OpDecorate %19 Binding 0
+-OpDecorate %20 Location 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %23 0 BuiltIn Position
+-OpMemberDecorate %23 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+-OpMemberDecorate %23 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+-OpMemberDecorate %23 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+ OpDecorate %23 Block
+ OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %9 = OpTypeStruct %2
+ %12 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %13 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %14 = OpTypeVector %13 4
+ %15 = OpTypeVector %12 4
+ %16 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+ %17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %12 %12 %13 %13 %14 %15 %16
+ %21 = OpConstant %12 8
+ %22 = OpTypeArray %1 %21
+-%23 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %22 %22
++%23 = OpTypeStruct %2
+ %38 = OpTypeVoid
+ %45 = OpConstant %12 0
++%59 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
++%60 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+ %7 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+ %10 = OpTypePointer Uniform %9
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+ %24 = OpTypePointer Output %23
+ %26 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+ %46 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+ %27 = OpTypeFunction %2 %26
+ %39 = OpTypeFunction %38
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %5 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %6 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+ %11 = OpVariable %10 Uniform
+ %19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+-%20 = OpVariable %7 Output
++%58 = OpVariable %60 Private
+ %25 = OpVariable %24 Output
++%61 = OpConstant %13 0
++%62 = OpConstant %1 0.5
+ %28 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+ %29 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+ %30 = OpLabel
+ %31 = OpLoad %2 %29
+ OpReturnValue %31
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %32 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+ %33 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+ %34 = OpLabel
+ %35 = OpLoad %2 %33
+ %36 = OpLoad %2 %33
+ %37 = OpFAdd %2 %35 %36
+ OpReturnValue %37
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %40 = OpFunction %38 None %39
+ %41 = OpLabel
+ %42 = OpVariable %26 Function
+ %50 = OpVariable %26 Function
+ %53 = OpVariable %26 Function
+ %43 = OpLoad %2 %4
+ OpStore %42 %43
+ %44 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %42
+ %47 = OpAccessChain %46 %11 %45
+ %48 = OpLoad %2 %47
+ %49 = OpFAdd %2 %44 %48
+ OpStore %8 %49
+ %51 = OpLoad %2 %5
+ OpStore %50 %51
+ %52 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %50
+ %54 = OpLoad %2 %6
+ OpStore %53 %54
+ %55 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %53
+ %56 = OpFAdd %2 %52 %55
+ %57 = OpAccessChain %7 %25 %45
+ OpStore %57 %56
++%63 = OpAccessChain %7 %25 %61
++%64 = OpLoad %2 %63
++%65 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %64 0
++%66 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %64 1
++%67 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %64 2
++%68 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %64 3
++%70 = OpFNegate %1 %65
++%71 = OpFAdd %1 %67 %68
++%72 = OpFMul %1 %71 %62
++%69 = OpCompositeConstruct %2 %66 %70 %72 %68
++OpStore %63 %69
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, DifferentDecorationsVertexNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %40 "main" %4 %5 %6 %8 %20 %25
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpDecorate %5 Location 1
+OpDecorate %6 Location 2
+OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %9 0 Offset 0
+OpDecorate %9 Block
+OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %11 Binding 0
+OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+OpMemberDecorate %16 2 Offset 8
+OpMemberDecorate %16 3 Offset 12
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 Offset 16
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 Offset 20
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 Offset 24
+OpMemberDecorate %17 4 Offset 28
+OpMemberDecorate %17 5 Offset 32
+OpMemberDecorate %17 6 Offset 48
+OpMemberDecorate %17 7 Offset 64
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 4 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %19 Binding 1
+OpDecorate %20 Location 1
+OpMemberDecorate %23 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %23 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %23 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %23 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %23 Block
+OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%9 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%12 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%13 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%14 = OpTypeVector %13 4
+%15 = OpTypeVector %12 4
+%16 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %12 %12 %13 %13 %14 %15 %16
+%21 = OpConstant %12 8
+%22 = OpTypeArray %1 %21
+%23 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %22 %22
+%38 = OpTypeVoid
+%45 = OpConstant %12 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%7 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%10 = OpTypePointer Uniform %9
+%18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+%24 = OpTypePointer Output %23
+%26 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+%46 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+%27 = OpTypeFunction %2 %26
+%39 = OpTypeFunction %38
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%5 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%6 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+%11 = OpVariable %10 Uniform
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+%20 = OpVariable %7 Output
+%25 = OpVariable %24 Output
+%28 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+%29 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+%30 = OpLabel
+%31 = OpLoad %2 %29
+OpReturnValue %31
+OpFunctionEnd
+%32 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+%33 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+%34 = OpLabel
+%35 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%36 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%37 = OpFAdd %2 %35 %36
+OpReturnValue %37
+OpFunctionEnd
+%40 = OpFunction %38 None %39
+%41 = OpLabel
+%42 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%50 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%53 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%43 = OpLoad %2 %4
+OpStore %42 %43
+%44 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %42
+%47 = OpAccessChain %46 %11 %45
+%48 = OpLoad %2 %47
+%49 = OpFAdd %2 %44 %48
+OpStore %8 %49
+%51 = OpLoad %2 %5
+OpStore %50 %51
+%52 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %50
+%54 = OpLoad %2 %6
+OpStore %53 %54
+%55 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %53
+%56 = OpFAdd %2 %52 %55
+%57 = OpAccessChain %7 %25 %45
+OpStore %57 %56
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %40 "main" %4 %5 %6 %8 %25
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpDecorate %4 Location 1
+OpDecorate %5 Location 2
+OpDecorate %6 Location 0
+OpDecorate %8 Location 1
+OpMemberDecorate %9 0 Offset 0
+OpDecorate %9 Block
+OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %11 Binding 1
+OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+OpMemberDecorate %16 2 Offset 8
+OpMemberDecorate %16 3 Offset 12
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 Offset 16
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 Offset 20
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 Offset 24
+OpMemberDecorate %17 4 Offset 28
+OpMemberDecorate %17 5 Offset 32
+OpMemberDecorate %17 6 Offset 48
+OpMemberDecorate %17 7 Offset 64
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 4 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 2
+OpDecorate %19 Binding 0
+OpMemberDecorate %23 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpDecorate %23 Block
+OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%9 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%12 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%13 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%14 = OpTypeVector %13 4
+%15 = OpTypeVector %12 4
+%16 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %12 %12 %13 %13 %14 %15 %16
+%21 = OpConstant %12 8
+%22 = OpTypeArray %1 %21
+%23 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%38 = OpTypeVoid
+%45 = OpConstant %12 0
+%58 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%59 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+%7 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%10 = OpTypePointer Uniform %9
+%18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+%24 = OpTypePointer Output %23
+%26 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+%46 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+%27 = OpTypeFunction %2 %26
+%39 = OpTypeFunction %38
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%5 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%6 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+%11 = OpVariable %10 Uniform
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+%20 = OpVariable %59 Private
+%25 = OpVariable %24 Output
+%60 = OpConstant %13 0
+%61 = OpConstant %1 0.5
+%28 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+%29 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+%30 = OpLabel
+%31 = OpLoad %2 %29
+OpReturnValue %31
+OpFunctionEnd
+%32 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+%33 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+%34 = OpLabel
+%35 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%36 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%37 = OpFAdd %2 %35 %36
+OpReturnValue %37
+OpFunctionEnd
+%40 = OpFunction %38 None %39
+%41 = OpLabel
+%42 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%50 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%53 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%43 = OpLoad %2 %4
+OpStore %42 %43
+%44 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %42
+%47 = OpAccessChain %46 %11 %45
+%48 = OpLoad %2 %47
+%49 = OpFAdd %2 %44 %48
+OpStore %8 %49
+%51 = OpLoad %2 %5
+OpStore %50 %51
+%52 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %50
+%54 = OpLoad %2 %6
+OpStore %53 %54
+%55 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %53
+%56 = OpFAdd %2 %52 %55
+%57 = OpAccessChain %7 %25 %45
+OpStore %57 %56
+%62 = OpAccessChain %7 %25 %60
+%63 = OpLoad %2 %62
+%64 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %63 0
+%65 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %63 1
+%66 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %63 2
+%67 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %63 3
+%69 = OpFNegate %1 %64
+%70 = OpFAdd %1 %66 %67
+%71 = OpFMul %1 %70 %61
+%68 = OpCompositeConstruct %2 %65 %69 %71 %67
+OpStore %62 %68
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 58
++; Bound: 79
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+-OpEntryPoint Vertex %40 "main" %4 %5 %6 %8 %20 %25
++OpEntryPoint Vertex %40 "main" %5 %6 %4 %20 %25
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %5 Location 1
+ OpDecorate %6 Location 2
+-OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %9 0 Offset 0
+ OpDecorate %9 Block
+-OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 2
+ OpDecorate %11 Binding 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 2 Offset 8
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 3 Offset 12
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 Offset 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 Offset 20
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 3 Offset 24
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 4 Offset 28
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 5 Offset 32
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 6 Offset 48
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 7 Offset 64
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 4 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %17 Block
+ OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %19 Binding 1
+ OpDecorate %20 Location 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %23 0 BuiltIn Position
+-OpMemberDecorate %23 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+-OpMemberDecorate %23 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+-OpMemberDecorate %23 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+ OpDecorate %23 Block
+ OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
++OpDecorate %59 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
++OpDecorate %60 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %9 = OpTypeStruct %2
+ %12 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %13 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %14 = OpTypeVector %13 4
+ %15 = OpTypeVector %12 4
+ %16 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+ %17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %12 %12 %13 %13 %14 %15 %16
+ %21 = OpConstant %12 8
+ %22 = OpTypeArray %1 %21
+-%23 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %22 %22
++%23 = OpTypeStruct %2
+ %38 = OpTypeVoid
+ %45 = OpConstant %12 0
++%65 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
++%66 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+ %7 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+ %10 = OpTypePointer Uniform %9
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+ %24 = OpTypePointer Output %23
+ %26 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+ %46 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+ %27 = OpTypeFunction %2 %26
+ %39 = OpTypeFunction %38
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %5 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %6 = OpVariable %3 Input
+-%8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+-%11 = OpVariable %10 Uniform
++%11 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+-%19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
++%19 = OpVariable %10 Uniform
+ %20 = OpVariable %7 Output
++%58 = OpVariable %66 Private
+ %25 = OpVariable %24 Output
++%67 = OpConstant %13 0
++%68 = OpConstant %1 0.5
+ %28 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+-%29 = OpFunctionParameter %26
++%59 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+ %30 = OpLabel
+-%31 = OpLoad %2 %29
++%31 = OpLoad %2 %59
+ OpReturnValue %31
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %32 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+-%33 = OpFunctionParameter %26
++%60 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+ %34 = OpLabel
+-%35 = OpLoad %2 %33
++%35 = OpLoad %2 %60
+-%36 = OpLoad %2 %33
++%36 = OpLoad %2 %60
+ %37 = OpFAdd %2 %35 %36
+ OpReturnValue %37
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %40 = OpFunction %38 None %39
+ %41 = OpLabel
+ %42 = OpVariable %26 Function
+ %50 = OpVariable %26 Function
+ %53 = OpVariable %26 Function
+-%43 = OpLoad %2 %4
++%61 = OpLoad %2 %5
+-OpStore %42 %43
++OpStore %42 %61
+ %44 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %42
+-%47 = OpAccessChain %46 %11 %45
++%62 = OpAccessChain %46 %19 %45
+-%48 = OpLoad %2 %47
++%48 = OpLoad %2 %62
+ %49 = OpFAdd %2 %44 %48
+-OpStore %8 %49
++OpStore %20 %49
+-%51 = OpLoad %2 %5
++%63 = OpLoad %2 %6
+-OpStore %50 %51
++OpStore %50 %63
+ %52 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %50
+-%54 = OpLoad %2 %6
++%64 = OpLoad %2 %4
+-OpStore %53 %54
++OpStore %53 %64
+ %55 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %53
+ %56 = OpFAdd %2 %52 %55
+ %57 = OpAccessChain %7 %25 %45
+ OpStore %57 %56
++%69 = OpAccessChain %7 %25 %67
++%70 = OpLoad %2 %69
++%71 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %70 0
++%72 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %70 1
++%73 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %70 2
++%74 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %70 3
++%76 = OpFNegate %1 %71
++%77 = OpFAdd %1 %73 %74
++%78 = OpFMul %1 %77 %68
++%75 = OpCompositeConstruct %2 %72 %76 %78 %74
++OpStore %69 %75
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, DifferentDecorationsVertexIgnoreSetBinding) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 58
++; Bound: 73
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+-OpEntryPoint Vertex %40 "main" %4 %5 %6 %8 %20 %25
++OpEntryPoint Vertex %40 "main" %4 %5 %6 %8 %25
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpName %4 "_ub"
+ OpName %5 "_uc"
+ OpName %6 "_ud"
+ OpName %8 "_ue"
+ OpName %9 "defaultUniformsVS"
+ OpMemberName %9 0 "_ua"
+ OpName %11 ""
+ OpName %16 "ANGLEDepthRangeParams"
+ OpMemberName %16 0 "near"
+ OpMemberName %16 1 "far"
+ OpMemberName %16 2 "diff"
+ OpMemberName %16 3 "reserved"
+ OpName %17 "ANGLEUniformBlock"
+ OpMemberName %17 0 "viewport"
+ OpMemberName %17 1 "clipDistancesEnabled"
+ OpMemberName %17 2 "xfbActiveUnpaused"
+ OpMemberName %17 3 "xfbVerticesPerInstance"
+ OpMemberName %17 4 "numSamples"
+ OpMemberName %17 5 "xfbBufferOffsets"
+ OpMemberName %17 6 "acbBufferOffsets"
+ OpMemberName %17 7 "depthRange"
+ OpName %19 "ANGLEUniforms"
+-OpName %20 "ANGLEXfbPosition"
+ OpName %23 "gl_PerVertex"
+ OpMemberName %23 0 "gl_Position"
+-OpMemberName %23 1 "gl_PointSize"
+-OpMemberName %23 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+-OpMemberName %23 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+ OpName %25 ""
+ OpName %29 "_ua"
+ OpName %28 "_uf"
+ OpName %33 "_uf"
+ OpName %32 "_ug"
+ OpName %40 "main"
+ OpName %42 "param"
+ OpName %50 "param"
+ OpName %53 "param"
+-OpDecorate %4 Location 0
++OpDecorate %4 Location 1
+-OpDecorate %5 Location 1
++OpDecorate %5 Location 2
+-OpDecorate %6 Location 2
++OpDecorate %6 Location 0
+-OpDecorate %8 Location 0
++OpDecorate %8 Location 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %9 0 Offset 0
+ OpDecorate %9 Block
+ OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 0
+-OpDecorate %11 Binding 0
++OpDecorate %11 Binding 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 2 Offset 8
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 3 Offset 12
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 Offset 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 Offset 20
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 3 Offset 24
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 4 Offset 28
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 5 Offset 32
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 6 Offset 48
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 7 Offset 64
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 4 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %17 Block
+-OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 2
+-OpDecorate %19 Binding 1
++OpDecorate %19 Binding 0
+-OpDecorate %20 Location 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %23 0 BuiltIn Position
+-OpMemberDecorate %23 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+-OpMemberDecorate %23 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+-OpMemberDecorate %23 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+ OpDecorate %23 Block
+ OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %9 = OpTypeStruct %2
+ %12 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %13 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %14 = OpTypeVector %13 4
+ %15 = OpTypeVector %12 4
+ %16 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+ %17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %12 %12 %13 %13 %14 %15 %16
+ %21 = OpConstant %12 8
+ %22 = OpTypeArray %1 %21
+-%23 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %22 %22
++%23 = OpTypeStruct %2
+ %38 = OpTypeVoid
+ %45 = OpConstant %12 0
++%59 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
++%60 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+ %7 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+ %10 = OpTypePointer Uniform %9
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+ %24 = OpTypePointer Output %23
+ %26 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+ %46 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+ %27 = OpTypeFunction %2 %26
+ %39 = OpTypeFunction %38
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %5 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %6 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+ %11 = OpVariable %10 Uniform
+ %19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+-%20 = OpVariable %7 Output
++%58 = OpVariable %60 Private
+ %25 = OpVariable %24 Output
++%61 = OpConstant %13 0
++%62 = OpConstant %1 0.5
+ %28 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+ %29 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+ %30 = OpLabel
+ %31 = OpLoad %2 %29
+ OpReturnValue %31
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %32 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+ %33 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+ %34 = OpLabel
+ %35 = OpLoad %2 %33
+ %36 = OpLoad %2 %33
+ %37 = OpFAdd %2 %35 %36
+ OpReturnValue %37
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %40 = OpFunction %38 None %39
+ %41 = OpLabel
+ %42 = OpVariable %26 Function
+ %50 = OpVariable %26 Function
+ %53 = OpVariable %26 Function
+ %43 = OpLoad %2 %4
+ OpStore %42 %43
+ %44 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %42
+ %47 = OpAccessChain %46 %11 %45
+ %48 = OpLoad %2 %47
+ %49 = OpFAdd %2 %44 %48
+ OpStore %8 %49
+ %51 = OpLoad %2 %5
+ OpStore %50 %51
+ %52 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %50
+ %54 = OpLoad %2 %6
+ OpStore %53 %54
+ %55 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %53
+ %56 = OpFAdd %2 %52 %55
+ %57 = OpAccessChain %7 %25 %45
+ OpStore %57 %56
++%63 = OpAccessChain %7 %25 %61
++%64 = OpLoad %2 %63
++%65 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %64 0
++%66 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %64 1
++%67 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %64 2
++%68 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %64 3
++%70 = OpFNegate %1 %65
++%71 = OpFAdd %1 %67 %68
++%72 = OpFMul %1 %71 %62
++%69 = OpCompositeConstruct %2 %66 %70 %72 %68
++OpStore %63 %69
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  options.ignore_set_binding = true;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, DifferentDecorationsVertexIgnoreSetBindingLocation) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 58
++; Bound: 73
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+-OpEntryPoint Vertex %40 "main" %4 %5 %6 %8 %20 %25
++OpEntryPoint Vertex %40 "main" %4 %5 %6 %8 %25
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpName %4 "_ub"
+ OpName %5 "_uc"
+ OpName %6 "_ud"
+ OpName %8 "_ue"
+ OpName %9 "defaultUniformsVS"
+ OpMemberName %9 0 "_ua"
+ OpName %11 ""
+ OpName %16 "ANGLEDepthRangeParams"
+ OpMemberName %16 0 "near"
+ OpMemberName %16 1 "far"
+ OpMemberName %16 2 "diff"
+ OpMemberName %16 3 "reserved"
+ OpName %17 "ANGLEUniformBlock"
+ OpMemberName %17 0 "viewport"
+ OpMemberName %17 1 "clipDistancesEnabled"
+ OpMemberName %17 2 "xfbActiveUnpaused"
+ OpMemberName %17 3 "xfbVerticesPerInstance"
+ OpMemberName %17 4 "numSamples"
+ OpMemberName %17 5 "xfbBufferOffsets"
+ OpMemberName %17 6 "acbBufferOffsets"
+ OpMemberName %17 7 "depthRange"
+ OpName %19 "ANGLEUniforms"
+-OpName %20 "ANGLEXfbPosition"
+ OpName %23 "gl_PerVertex"
+ OpMemberName %23 0 "gl_Position"
+-OpMemberName %23 1 "gl_PointSize"
+-OpMemberName %23 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+-OpMemberName %23 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+ OpName %25 ""
+ OpName %29 "_ua"
+ OpName %28 "_uf"
+ OpName %33 "_uf"
+ OpName %32 "_ug"
+ OpName %40 "main"
+ OpName %42 "param"
+ OpName %50 "param"
+ OpName %53 "param"
+-OpDecorate %4 Location 0
++OpDecorate %4 Location 1
+-OpDecorate %5 Location 1
++OpDecorate %5 Location 2
+-OpDecorate %6 Location 2
++OpDecorate %6 Location 0
+-OpDecorate %8 Location 0
++OpDecorate %8 Location 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %9 0 Offset 0
+ OpDecorate %9 Block
+ OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 0
+-OpDecorate %11 Binding 0
++OpDecorate %11 Binding 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 2 Offset 8
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 3 Offset 12
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 Offset 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 Offset 20
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 3 Offset 24
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 4 Offset 28
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 5 Offset 32
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 6 Offset 48
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 7 Offset 64
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 4 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %17 Block
+-OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 2
+-OpDecorate %19 Binding 1
++OpDecorate %19 Binding 0
+-OpDecorate %20 Location 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %23 0 BuiltIn Position
+-OpMemberDecorate %23 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+-OpMemberDecorate %23 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+-OpMemberDecorate %23 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+ OpDecorate %23 Block
+ OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %9 = OpTypeStruct %2
+ %12 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %13 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %14 = OpTypeVector %13 4
+ %15 = OpTypeVector %12 4
+ %16 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+ %17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %12 %12 %13 %13 %14 %15 %16
+ %21 = OpConstant %12 8
+ %22 = OpTypeArray %1 %21
+-%23 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %22 %22
++%23 = OpTypeStruct %2
+ %38 = OpTypeVoid
+ %45 = OpConstant %12 0
++%59 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
++%60 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+ %7 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+ %10 = OpTypePointer Uniform %9
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+ %24 = OpTypePointer Output %23
+ %26 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+ %46 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+ %27 = OpTypeFunction %2 %26
+ %39 = OpTypeFunction %38
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %5 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %6 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+ %11 = OpVariable %10 Uniform
+ %19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+-%20 = OpVariable %7 Output
++%58 = OpVariable %60 Private
+ %25 = OpVariable %24 Output
++%61 = OpConstant %13 0
++%62 = OpConstant %1 0.5
+ %28 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+ %29 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+ %30 = OpLabel
+ %31 = OpLoad %2 %29
+ OpReturnValue %31
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %32 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+ %33 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+ %34 = OpLabel
+ %35 = OpLoad %2 %33
+ %36 = OpLoad %2 %33
+ %37 = OpFAdd %2 %35 %36
+ OpReturnValue %37
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %40 = OpFunction %38 None %39
+ %41 = OpLabel
+ %42 = OpVariable %26 Function
+ %50 = OpVariable %26 Function
+ %53 = OpVariable %26 Function
+ %43 = OpLoad %2 %4
+ OpStore %42 %43
+ %44 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %42
+ %47 = OpAccessChain %46 %11 %45
+ %48 = OpLoad %2 %47
+ %49 = OpFAdd %2 %44 %48
+ OpStore %8 %49
+ %51 = OpLoad %2 %5
+ OpStore %50 %51
+ %52 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %50
+ %54 = OpLoad %2 %6
+ OpStore %53 %54
+ %55 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %53
+ %56 = OpFAdd %2 %52 %55
+ %57 = OpAccessChain %7 %25 %45
+ OpStore %57 %56
++%63 = OpAccessChain %7 %25 %61
++%64 = OpLoad %2 %63
++%65 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %64 0
++%66 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %64 1
++%67 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %64 2
++%68 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %64 3
++%70 = OpFNegate %1 %65
++%71 = OpFAdd %1 %67 %68
++%72 = OpFMul %1 %71 %62
++%69 = OpCompositeConstruct %2 %66 %70 %72 %68
++OpStore %63 %69
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  options.ignore_set_binding = true;
+  options.ignore_location = true;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_vertex_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_vertex_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33c6a9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_vertex_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %40 "main" %4 %5 %6 %8 %25
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ub"
+OpName %5 "_uc"
+OpName %6 "_ud"
+OpName %8 "_ue"
+OpName %9 "defaultUniformsVS"
+OpMemberName %9 0 "_ua"
+OpName %11 ""
+OpName %16 "ANGLEDepthRangeParams"
+OpMemberName %16 0 "near"
+OpMemberName %16 1 "far"
+OpMemberName %16 2 "diff"
+OpMemberName %16 3 "reserved"
+OpName %17 "ANGLEUniformBlock"
+OpMemberName %17 0 "viewport"
+OpMemberName %17 1 "clipDistancesEnabled"
+OpMemberName %17 2 "xfbActiveUnpaused"
+OpMemberName %17 3 "xfbVerticesPerInstance"
+OpMemberName %17 4 "numSamples"
+OpMemberName %17 5 "xfbBufferOffsets"
+OpMemberName %17 6 "acbBufferOffsets"
+OpMemberName %17 7 "depthRange"
+OpName %19 "ANGLEUniforms"
+OpName %23 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %23 0 "gl_Position"
+OpName %25 ""
+OpName %29 "_ua"
+OpName %28 "_uf"
+OpName %33 "_uf"
+OpName %32 "_ug"
+OpName %40 "main"
+OpName %42 "param"
+OpName %50 "param"
+OpName %53 "param"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 1
+OpDecorate %5 Location 2
+OpDecorate %6 Location 0
+OpDecorate %8 Location 1
+OpMemberDecorate %9 0 Offset 0
+OpDecorate %9 Block
+OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %11 Binding 1
+OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+OpMemberDecorate %16 2 Offset 8
+OpMemberDecorate %16 3 Offset 12
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 Offset 16
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 Offset 20
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 Offset 24
+OpMemberDecorate %17 4 Offset 28
+OpMemberDecorate %17 5 Offset 32
+OpMemberDecorate %17 6 Offset 48
+OpMemberDecorate %17 7 Offset 64
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 4 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 2
+OpDecorate %19 Binding 0
+OpMemberDecorate %23 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpDecorate %23 Block
+OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%9 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%12 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%13 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%14 = OpTypeVector %13 4
+%15 = OpTypeVector %12 4
+%16 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %12 %12 %13 %13 %14 %15 %16
+%21 = OpConstant %12 8
+%22 = OpTypeArray %1 %21
+%23 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%38 = OpTypeVoid
+%45 = OpConstant %12 0
+%58 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%59 = OpTypePointer Private %2
+%7 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%10 = OpTypePointer Uniform %9
+%18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+%24 = OpTypePointer Output %23
+%26 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+%46 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+%27 = OpTypeFunction %2 %26
+%39 = OpTypeFunction %38
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%5 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%6 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+%11 = OpVariable %10 Uniform
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+%20 = OpVariable %59 Private
+%25 = OpVariable %24 Output
+%60 = OpConstant %13 0
+%61 = OpConstant %1 0.5
+%28 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+%29 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+%30 = OpLabel
+%31 = OpLoad %2 %29
+OpReturnValue %31
+OpFunctionEnd
+%32 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+%33 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+%34 = OpLabel
+%35 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%36 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%37 = OpFAdd %2 %35 %36
+OpReturnValue %37
+OpFunctionEnd
+%40 = OpFunction %38 None %39
+%41 = OpLabel
+%42 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%50 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%53 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%43 = OpLoad %2 %4
+OpStore %42 %43
+%44 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %42
+%47 = OpAccessChain %46 %11 %45
+%48 = OpLoad %2 %47
+%49 = OpFAdd %2 %44 %48
+OpStore %8 %49
+%51 = OpLoad %2 %5
+OpStore %50 %51
+%52 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %50
+%54 = OpLoad %2 %6
+OpStore %53 %54
+%55 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %53
+%56 = OpFAdd %2 %52 %55
+%57 = OpAccessChain %7 %25 %45
+OpStore %57 %56
+%62 = OpAccessChain %7 %25 %60
+%63 = OpLoad %2 %62
+%64 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %63 0
+%65 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %63 1
+%66 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %63 2
+%67 = OpCompositeExtract %1 %63 3
+%69 = OpFNegate %1 %64
+%70 = OpFAdd %1 %66 %67
+%71 = OpFMul %1 %70 %61
+%68 = OpCompositeConstruct %2 %65 %69 %71 %67
+OpStore %62 %68
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_vertex_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_vertex_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce1680c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/different_decorations_vertex_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+;; Test where variable set/binding/location decorations are different between
+;; src and dst vertex shaders.
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %40 "main" %4 %5 %6 %8 %20 %25
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ub"
+OpName %5 "_uc"
+OpName %6 "_ud"
+OpName %8 "_ue"
+OpName %9 "defaultUniformsVS"
+OpMemberName %9 0 "_ua"
+OpName %11 ""
+OpName %16 "ANGLEDepthRangeParams"
+OpMemberName %16 0 "near"
+OpMemberName %16 1 "far"
+OpMemberName %16 2 "diff"
+OpMemberName %16 3 "reserved"
+OpName %17 "ANGLEUniformBlock"
+OpMemberName %17 0 "viewport"
+OpMemberName %17 1 "clipDistancesEnabled"
+OpMemberName %17 2 "xfbActiveUnpaused"
+OpMemberName %17 3 "xfbVerticesPerInstance"
+OpMemberName %17 4 "numSamples"
+OpMemberName %17 5 "xfbBufferOffsets"
+OpMemberName %17 6 "acbBufferOffsets"
+OpMemberName %17 7 "depthRange"
+OpName %19 "ANGLEUniforms"
+OpName %20 "ANGLEXfbPosition"
+OpName %23 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %23 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %23 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %23 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+OpMemberName %23 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+OpName %25 ""
+OpName %29 "_ua"
+OpName %28 "_uf"
+OpName %33 "_uf"
+OpName %32 "_ug"
+OpName %40 "main"
+OpName %42 "param"
+OpName %50 "param"
+OpName %53 "param"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpDecorate %5 Location 1
+OpDecorate %6 Location 2
+OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %9 0 Offset 0
+OpDecorate %9 Block
+OpDecorate %11 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %11 Binding 0
+OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+OpMemberDecorate %16 2 Offset 8
+OpMemberDecorate %16 3 Offset 12
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 Offset 16
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 Offset 20
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 Offset 24
+OpMemberDecorate %17 4 Offset 28
+OpMemberDecorate %17 5 Offset 32
+OpMemberDecorate %17 6 Offset 48
+OpMemberDecorate %17 7 Offset 64
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 4 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %19 Binding 1
+OpDecorate %20 Location 1
+OpMemberDecorate %23 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %23 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %23 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %23 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %23 Block
+OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %32 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %52 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%9 = OpTypeStruct %2
+%12 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%13 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%14 = OpTypeVector %13 4
+%15 = OpTypeVector %12 4
+%16 = OpTypeStruct %1 %1 %1 %1
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %12 %12 %13 %13 %14 %15 %16
+%21 = OpConstant %12 8
+%22 = OpTypeArray %1 %21
+%23 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %22 %22
+%38 = OpTypeVoid
+%45 = OpConstant %12 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%7 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%10 = OpTypePointer Uniform %9
+%18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+%24 = OpTypePointer Output %23
+%26 = OpTypePointer Function %2
+%46 = OpTypePointer Uniform %2
+%27 = OpTypeFunction %2 %26
+%39 = OpTypeFunction %38
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%5 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%6 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+%11 = OpVariable %10 Uniform
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+%20 = OpVariable %7 Output
+%25 = OpVariable %24 Output
+%28 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+%29 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+%30 = OpLabel
+%31 = OpLoad %2 %29
+OpReturnValue %31
+OpFunctionEnd
+%32 = OpFunction %2 None %27
+%33 = OpFunctionParameter %26
+%34 = OpLabel
+%35 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%36 = OpLoad %2 %33
+%37 = OpFAdd %2 %35 %36
+OpReturnValue %37
+OpFunctionEnd
+%40 = OpFunction %38 None %39
+%41 = OpLabel
+%42 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%50 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%53 = OpVariable %26 Function
+%43 = OpLoad %2 %4
+OpStore %42 %43
+%44 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %42
+%47 = OpAccessChain %46 %11 %45
+%48 = OpLoad %2 %47
+%49 = OpFAdd %2 %44 %48
+OpStore %8 %49
+%51 = OpLoad %2 %5
+OpStore %50 %51
+%52 = OpFunctionCall %2 %32 %50
+%54 = OpLoad %2 %6
+OpStore %53 %54
+%55 = OpFunctionCall %2 %28 %53
+%56 = OpFAdd %2 %52 %55
+%57 = OpAccessChain %7 %25 %45
+OpStore %57 %56
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/different_function_parameter_count_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/different_function_parameter_count_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a077fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/different_function_parameter_count_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Test where src and dst have a function with different parameter count.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Khronos Glslang Reference Front End; 10
+; Bound: 25
+; Schema: 0
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %20
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 320
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %11 "f(vf2;"
+               OpName %10 "v"
+               OpName %20 "o"
+               OpName %23 "param"
+               OpDecorate %20 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %20 Location 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 2
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Function %7
+          %9 = OpTypeFunction %7 %8
+         %14 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %15 = OpConstantComposite %7 %14 %14
+         %19 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+         %20 = OpVariable %19 Output
+         %21 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %22 = OpConstantComposite %7 %21 %21
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %23 = OpVariable %8 Function
+               OpStore %23 %22
+         %24 = OpFunctionCall %7 %11 %23
+               OpStore %20 %24
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %11 = OpFunction %7 None %9
+         %10 = OpFunctionParameter %8
+         %12 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpLoad %7 %10
+         %16 = OpFAdd %7 %13 %15
+               OpReturnValue %16
+               OpFunctionEnd)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Khronos Glslang Reference Front End; 10
+; Bound: 28
+; Schema: 0
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %20
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 320
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %12 "f(vf2;vf2;"
+               OpName %10 "v"
+               OpName %11 "v2"
+               OpName %20 "o"
+               OpName %25 "param"
+               OpName %26 "param"
+               OpDecorate %20 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %20 Location 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 2
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Function %7
+          %9 = OpTypeFunction %7 %8 %8
+         %19 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+         %20 = OpVariable %19 Output
+         %21 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %22 = OpConstantComposite %7 %21 %21
+         %23 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %24 = OpConstantComposite %7 %23 %23
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %25 = OpVariable %8 Function
+         %26 = OpVariable %8 Function
+               OpStore %25 %22
+               OpStore %26 %24
+         %27 = OpFunctionCall %7 %12 %25 %26
+               OpStore %20 %27
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %12 = OpFunction %7 None %9
+         %10 = OpFunctionParameter %8
+         %11 = OpFunctionParameter %8
+         %13 = OpLabel
+         %14 = OpLoad %7 %10
+         %15 = OpLoad %7 %11
+         %16 = OpFAdd %7 %14 %15
+               OpReturnValue %16
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, DifferentFunctionParameterCount) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 25
++; Bound: 33
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %20
+ OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource ESSL 320
+ OpName %4 "main"
+-OpName %11 "f(vf2;"
++OpName %11 "f(vf2;vf2;"
+ OpName %10 "v"
++OpName %26 "v2"
+ OpName %20 "o"
+ OpName %23 "param"
++OpName %31 "param"
+ OpDecorate %20 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %20 Location 0
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %7 = OpTypeVector %6 2
+ %8 = OpTypePointer Function %7
+-%9 = OpTypeFunction %7 %8
++%25 = OpTypeFunction %7 %8 %8
+ %14 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+ %15 = OpConstantComposite %7 %14 %14
+ %19 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+ %20 = OpVariable %19 Output
+ %21 = OpConstant %6 0
+ %22 = OpConstantComposite %7 %21 %21
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %23 = OpVariable %8 Function
++%31 = OpVariable %8 Function
+ OpStore %23 %22
+-%24 = OpFunctionCall %7 %11 %23
++OpStore %31 %15
++%32 = OpFunctionCall %7 %11 %23 %31
+-OpStore %20 %24
++OpStore %20 %32
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+-%11 = OpFunction %7 None %9
++%11 = OpFunction %7 None %25
+ %10 = OpFunctionParameter %8
++%26 = OpFunctionParameter %8
+ %12 = OpLabel
+ %13 = OpLoad %7 %10
+-%16 = OpFAdd %7 %13 %15
++%27 = OpLoad %7 %26
++%28 = OpFAdd %7 %13 %27
+-OpReturnValue %16
++OpReturnValue %28
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, DifferentFunctionParameterCountNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Khronos Glslang Reference Front End; 10
+; Bound: 25
+; Schema: 0
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %20
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 320
+               OpDecorate %20 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %20 Location 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 2
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Function %7
+          %9 = OpTypeFunction %7 %8
+         %14 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %15 = OpConstantComposite %7 %14 %14
+         %19 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+         %20 = OpVariable %19 Output
+         %21 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %22 = OpConstantComposite %7 %21 %21
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %23 = OpVariable %8 Function
+               OpStore %23 %22
+         %24 = OpFunctionCall %7 %11 %23
+               OpStore %20 %24
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %11 = OpFunction %7 None %9
+         %10 = OpFunctionParameter %8
+         %12 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpLoad %7 %10
+         %16 = OpFAdd %7 %13 %15
+               OpReturnValue %16
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Khronos Glslang Reference Front End; 10
+; Bound: 28
+; Schema: 0
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %20
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 320
+               OpDecorate %20 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %20 Location 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 2
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Function %7
+          %9 = OpTypeFunction %7 %8 %8
+         %19 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+         %20 = OpVariable %19 Output
+         %21 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %22 = OpConstantComposite %7 %21 %21
+         %23 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %24 = OpConstantComposite %7 %23 %23
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %25 = OpVariable %8 Function
+         %26 = OpVariable %8 Function
+               OpStore %25 %22
+               OpStore %26 %24
+         %27 = OpFunctionCall %7 %12 %25 %26
+               OpStore %20 %27
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %12 = OpFunction %7 None %9
+         %10 = OpFunctionParameter %8
+         %11 = OpFunctionParameter %8
+         %13 = OpLabel
+         %14 = OpLoad %7 %10
+         %15 = OpLoad %7 %11
+         %16 = OpFAdd %7 %14 %15
+               OpReturnValue %16
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 25
++; Bound: 34
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %20
+ OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource ESSL 320
+ OpDecorate %20 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %20 Location 0
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %7 = OpTypeVector %6 2
+ %8 = OpTypePointer Function %7
+-%9 = OpTypeFunction %7 %8
++%25 = OpTypeFunction %7 %8 %8
+ %14 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+ %15 = OpConstantComposite %7 %14 %14
+ %19 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+ %20 = OpVariable %19 Output
+ %21 = OpConstant %6 0
+ %22 = OpConstantComposite %7 %21 %21
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %23 = OpVariable %8 Function
++%32 = OpVariable %8 Function
+ OpStore %23 %22
+-%24 = OpFunctionCall %7 %11 %23
++OpStore %32 %15
++%33 = OpFunctionCall %7 %11 %23 %32
+-OpStore %20 %24
++OpStore %20 %33
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+-%11 = OpFunction %7 None %9
++%11 = OpFunction %7 None %25
+-%10 = OpFunctionParameter %8
++%26 = OpFunctionParameter %8
++%27 = OpFunctionParameter %8
+ %12 = OpLabel
+-%13 = OpLoad %7 %10
++%13 = OpLoad %7 %26
+-%16 = OpFAdd %7 %13 %15
++%28 = OpLoad %7 %27
++%29 = OpFAdd %7 %13 %28
+-OpReturnValue %16
++OpReturnValue %29
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/different_function_parameter_count_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/different_function_parameter_count_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9244260
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/different_function_parameter_count_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Khronos Glslang Reference Front End; 10
+; Bound: 28
+; Schema: 0
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %20
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 320
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %12 "f(vf2;vf2;"
+               OpName %10 "v"
+               OpName %11 "v2"
+               OpName %20 "o"
+               OpName %25 "param"
+               OpName %26 "param"
+               OpDecorate %20 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %20 Location 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 2
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Function %7
+          %9 = OpTypeFunction %7 %8 %8
+         %19 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+         %20 = OpVariable %19 Output
+         %21 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %22 = OpConstantComposite %7 %21 %21
+         %23 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %24 = OpConstantComposite %7 %23 %23
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %25 = OpVariable %8 Function
+         %26 = OpVariable %8 Function
+               OpStore %25 %22
+               OpStore %26 %24
+         %27 = OpFunctionCall %7 %12 %25 %26
+               OpStore %20 %27
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %12 = OpFunction %7 None %9
+         %10 = OpFunctionParameter %8
+         %11 = OpFunctionParameter %8
+         %13 = OpLabel
+         %14 = OpLoad %7 %10
+         %15 = OpLoad %7 %11
+         %16 = OpFAdd %7 %14 %15
+               OpReturnValue %16
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/different_function_parameter_count_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/different_function_parameter_count_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ee2408
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/different_function_parameter_count_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+;; Test where src and dst have a function with different parameter count.
+; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Khronos Glslang Reference Front End; 10
+; Bound: 25
+; Schema: 0
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %20
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 320
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %11 "f(vf2;"
+               OpName %10 "v"
+               OpName %20 "o"
+               OpName %23 "param"
+               OpDecorate %20 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %20 Location 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 2
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Function %7
+          %9 = OpTypeFunction %7 %8
+         %14 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %15 = OpConstantComposite %7 %14 %14
+         %19 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+         %20 = OpVariable %19 Output
+         %21 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %22 = OpConstantComposite %7 %21 %21
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %23 = OpVariable %8 Function
+               OpStore %23 %22
+         %24 = OpFunctionCall %7 %11 %23
+               OpStore %20 %24
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %11 = OpFunction %7 None %9
+         %10 = OpFunctionParameter %8
+         %12 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpLoad %7 %10
+         %16 = OpFAdd %7 %13 %15
+               OpReturnValue %16
+               OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/extra_if_block_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/extra_if_block_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f91319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/extra_if_block_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,867 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Test where src has an extra if block in one function, and dst has an extra
+// if block in another function.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %63 %68
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %8 "f1("
+               OpName %10 "f2("
+               OpName %13 "v"
+               OpName %16 "Buffer"
+               OpMemberName %16 0 "flag1"
+               OpMemberName %16 1 "flag2"
+               OpName %18 ""
+               OpName %45 "v"
+               OpName %63 "color"
+               OpName %68 "v"
+               OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %10 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 0 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 1 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+               OpDecorate %16 Block
+               OpDecorate %18 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %18 Binding 0
+               OpDecorate %23 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %30 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %34 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %40 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %45 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %47 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %50 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %51 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %54 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %63 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %63 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %64 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %65 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %66 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %68 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %68 Location 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeFunction %6
+         %12 = OpTypePointer Function %6
+         %14 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %15 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %16 = OpTypeStruct %15 %15
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Uniform %16
+         %18 = OpVariable %17 Uniform
+         %19 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %20 = OpConstant %19 0
+         %21 = OpTypePointer Uniform %15
+         %24 = OpConstant %15 0
+         %25 = OpTypeBool
+         %29 = OpConstant %6 1
+         %32 = OpConstant %19 1
+         %49 = OpConstant %6 10
+         %52 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %53 = OpConstant %6 0.699999988
+         %61 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+         %62 = OpTypePointer Output %61
+         %63 = OpVariable %62 Output
+         %67 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %68 = OpVariable %67 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpFunctionCall %6 %8
+         %65 = OpFunctionCall %6 %10
+         %66 = OpCompositeConstruct %61 %64 %65 %14 %29
+               OpStore %63 %66
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %6 None %7
+          %9 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpVariable %12 Function
+               OpStore %13 %14
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %20
+         %23 = OpLoad %15 %22
+         %26 = OpINotEqual %25 %23 %24
+               OpSelectionMerge %28 None
+               OpBranchConditional %26 %27 %28
+         %27 = OpLabel
+         %30 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %31 = OpFAdd %6 %30 %29
+               OpStore %13 %31
+               OpBranch %28
+         %28 = OpLabel
+         %33 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %32
+         %34 = OpLoad %15 %33
+         %35 = OpConvertUToF %6 %34
+         %36 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log2 %35
+         %37 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %38 = OpFAdd %6 %37 %36
+               OpStore %13 %38
+         %39 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %40 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %41 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sqrt %40
+         %42 = OpFSub %6 %39 %41
+               OpReturnValue %42
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %10 = OpFunction %6 None %7
+         %11 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpVariable %12 Function
+         %46 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %20
+         %47 = OpLoad %15 %46
+         %48 = OpConvertUToF %6 %47
+         %50 = OpFDiv %6 %48 %49
+               OpStore %45 %50
+         %51 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %54 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FClamp %51 %52 %53
+         %55 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %56 = OpFMul %6 %55 %54
+               OpStore %45 %56
+         %57 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %58 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %57
+               OpReturnValue %58
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %63 %69
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %8 "f1("
+               OpName %10 "f2("
+               OpName %13 "v"
+               OpName %16 "Buffer"
+               OpMemberName %16 0 "flag1"
+               OpMemberName %16 1 "flag2"
+               OpName %18 ""
+               OpName %34 "v"
+               OpName %63 "color"
+               OpName %69 "v"
+               OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %10 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 0 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 1 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+               OpDecorate %16 Block
+               OpDecorate %18 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %18 Binding 0
+               OpDecorate %23 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %24 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %25 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %26 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %27 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %30 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %34 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %40 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %45 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %46 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %63 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %63 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %64 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %65 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %67 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %69 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %69 Location 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeFunction %6
+         %12 = OpTypePointer Function %6
+         %14 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %15 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %16 = OpTypeStruct %15 %15
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Uniform %16
+         %18 = OpVariable %17 Uniform
+         %19 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %20 = OpConstant %19 1
+         %21 = OpTypePointer Uniform %15
+         %35 = OpConstant %19 0
+         %39 = OpConstant %6 10
+         %42 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %43 = OpConstant %6 0.699999988
+         %49 = OpConstant %15 0
+         %50 = OpTypeBool
+         %54 = OpConstant %6 0.100000001
+         %61 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+         %62 = OpTypePointer Output %61
+         %63 = OpVariable %62 Output
+         %66 = OpConstant %6 1
+         %68 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %69 = OpVariable %68 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpFunctionCall %6 %8
+         %65 = OpFunctionCall %6 %10
+         %67 = OpCompositeConstruct %61 %64 %65 %14 %66
+               OpStore %63 %67
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %6 None %7
+          %9 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpVariable %12 Function
+               OpStore %13 %14
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %20
+         %23 = OpLoad %15 %22
+         %24 = OpConvertUToF %6 %23
+         %25 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log2 %24
+         %26 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %27 = OpFAdd %6 %26 %25
+               OpStore %13 %27
+         %28 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %29 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %30 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sqrt %29
+         %31 = OpFSub %6 %28 %30
+               OpReturnValue %31
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %10 = OpFunction %6 None %7
+         %11 = OpLabel
+         %34 = OpVariable %12 Function
+         %36 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %35
+         %37 = OpLoad %15 %36
+         %38 = OpConvertUToF %6 %37
+         %40 = OpFDiv %6 %38 %39
+               OpStore %34 %40
+         %41 = OpLoad %6 %34
+         %44 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FClamp %41 %42 %43
+         %45 = OpLoad %6 %34
+         %46 = OpFMul %6 %45 %44
+               OpStore %34 %46
+         %47 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %20
+         %48 = OpLoad %15 %47
+         %51 = OpINotEqual %50 %48 %49
+               OpSelectionMerge %53 None
+               OpBranchConditional %51 %52 %53
+         %52 = OpLabel
+         %55 = OpLoad %6 %34
+         %56 = OpFSub %6 %55 %54
+               OpStore %34 %56
+               OpBranch %53
+         %53 = OpLabel
+         %57 = OpLoad %6 %34
+         %58 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %57
+               OpReturnValue %58
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, ExtraIfBlock) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 69
++; Bound: 81
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %63 %68
+ OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpName %4 "main"
+ OpName %8 "f1("
+ OpName %10 "f2("
+ OpName %13 "v"
+ OpName %16 "Buffer"
+ OpMemberName %16 0 "flag1"
+ OpMemberName %16 1 "flag2"
+ OpName %18 ""
+ OpName %45 "v"
+ OpName %63 "color"
+ OpName %68 "v"
+ OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %10 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 0 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 1 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+ OpDecorate %16 Block
+ OpDecorate %18 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %18 Binding 0
+-OpDecorate %23 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %30 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %34 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %40 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %45 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %47 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %50 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %51 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %54 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
++OpDecorate %72 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
++OpDecorate %77 RelaxedPrecision
++OpDecorate %78 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %63 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %63 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %64 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %65 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %66 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %68 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %68 Location 0
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %7 = OpTypeFunction %6
+ %12 = OpTypePointer Function %6
+ %14 = OpConstant %6 0
+ %15 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %16 = OpTypeStruct %15 %15
+ %17 = OpTypePointer Uniform %16
+ %18 = OpVariable %17 Uniform
+ %19 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %20 = OpConstant %19 0
+ %21 = OpTypePointer Uniform %15
+ %24 = OpConstant %15 0
+ %25 = OpTypeBool
+ %29 = OpConstant %6 1
+ %32 = OpConstant %19 1
+ %49 = OpConstant %6 10
+ %52 = OpConstant %6 0.5
++%76 = OpConstant %6 0.100000001
+ %53 = OpConstant %6 0.699999988
+ %61 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+ %62 = OpTypePointer Output %61
+ %63 = OpVariable %62 Output
+ %67 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+ %68 = OpVariable %67 Input
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %64 = OpFunctionCall %6 %8
+ %65 = OpFunctionCall %6 %10
+ %66 = OpCompositeConstruct %61 %64 %65 %14 %29
+ OpStore %63 %66
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %8 = OpFunction %6 None %7
+ %9 = OpLabel
+ %13 = OpVariable %12 Function
+ OpStore %13 %14
+-%22 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %20
+-%23 = OpLoad %15 %22
+-%26 = OpINotEqual %25 %23 %24
+-OpSelectionMerge %28 None
+-OpBranchConditional %26 %27 %28
+-%27 = OpLabel
+-%30 = OpLoad %6 %13
+-%31 = OpFAdd %6 %30 %29
+-OpStore %13 %31
+-OpBranch %28
+-%28 = OpLabel
+ %33 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %32
+ %34 = OpLoad %15 %33
+ %35 = OpConvertUToF %6 %34
+ %36 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log2 %35
+ %37 = OpLoad %6 %13
+ %38 = OpFAdd %6 %37 %36
+ OpStore %13 %38
+ %39 = OpLoad %6 %13
+ %40 = OpLoad %6 %13
+ %41 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sqrt %40
+ %42 = OpFSub %6 %39 %41
+ OpReturnValue %42
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %10 = OpFunction %6 None %7
+ %11 = OpLabel
+ %45 = OpVariable %12 Function
+ %46 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %20
+ %47 = OpLoad %15 %46
+ %48 = OpConvertUToF %6 %47
+ %50 = OpFDiv %6 %48 %49
+ OpStore %45 %50
+ %51 = OpLoad %6 %45
+ %54 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FClamp %51 %52 %53
+ %55 = OpLoad %6 %45
+ %56 = OpFMul %6 %55 %54
+ OpStore %45 %56
++%71 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %32
++%72 = OpLoad %15 %71
++%73 = OpINotEqual %25 %72 %24
++OpSelectionMerge %75 None
++OpBranchConditional %73 %74 %75
++%74 = OpLabel
+ %57 = OpLoad %6 %45
++%77 = OpFSub %6 %57 %76
++OpStore %45 %77
++OpBranch %75
++%75 = OpLabel
++%78 = OpLoad %6 %45
+-%58 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %57
++%58 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %78
+ OpReturnValue %58
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, ExtraIfBlockNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %63 %68
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %10 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 0 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 1 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+               OpDecorate %16 Block
+               OpDecorate %18 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %18 Binding 0
+               OpDecorate %23 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %30 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %34 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %40 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %45 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %47 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %50 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %51 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %54 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %63 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %63 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %64 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %65 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %66 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %68 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %68 Location 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeFunction %6
+         %12 = OpTypePointer Function %6
+         %14 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %15 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %16 = OpTypeStruct %15 %15
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Uniform %16
+         %18 = OpVariable %17 Uniform
+         %19 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %20 = OpConstant %19 0
+         %21 = OpTypePointer Uniform %15
+         %24 = OpConstant %15 0
+         %25 = OpTypeBool
+         %29 = OpConstant %6 1
+         %32 = OpConstant %19 1
+         %49 = OpConstant %6 10
+         %52 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %53 = OpConstant %6 0.699999988
+         %61 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+         %62 = OpTypePointer Output %61
+         %63 = OpVariable %62 Output
+         %67 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %68 = OpVariable %67 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpFunctionCall %6 %8
+         %65 = OpFunctionCall %6 %10
+         %66 = OpCompositeConstruct %61 %64 %65 %14 %29
+               OpStore %63 %66
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %6 None %7
+          %9 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpVariable %12 Function
+               OpStore %13 %14
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %20
+         %23 = OpLoad %15 %22
+         %26 = OpINotEqual %25 %23 %24
+               OpSelectionMerge %28 None
+               OpBranchConditional %26 %27 %28
+         %27 = OpLabel
+         %30 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %31 = OpFAdd %6 %30 %29
+               OpStore %13 %31
+               OpBranch %28
+         %28 = OpLabel
+         %33 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %32
+         %34 = OpLoad %15 %33
+         %35 = OpConvertUToF %6 %34
+         %36 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log2 %35
+         %37 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %38 = OpFAdd %6 %37 %36
+               OpStore %13 %38
+         %39 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %40 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %41 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sqrt %40
+         %42 = OpFSub %6 %39 %41
+               OpReturnValue %42
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %10 = OpFunction %6 None %7
+         %11 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpVariable %12 Function
+         %46 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %20
+         %47 = OpLoad %15 %46
+         %48 = OpConvertUToF %6 %47
+         %50 = OpFDiv %6 %48 %49
+               OpStore %45 %50
+         %51 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %54 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FClamp %51 %52 %53
+         %55 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %56 = OpFMul %6 %55 %54
+               OpStore %45 %56
+         %57 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %58 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %57
+               OpReturnValue %58
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %63 %69
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %10 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 0 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 1 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+               OpDecorate %16 Block
+               OpDecorate %18 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %18 Binding 0
+               OpDecorate %23 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %24 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %25 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %26 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %27 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %30 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %34 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %40 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %45 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %46 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %63 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %63 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %64 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %65 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %67 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %69 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %69 Location 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeFunction %6
+         %12 = OpTypePointer Function %6
+         %14 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %15 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %16 = OpTypeStruct %15 %15
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Uniform %16
+         %18 = OpVariable %17 Uniform
+         %19 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %20 = OpConstant %19 1
+         %21 = OpTypePointer Uniform %15
+         %35 = OpConstant %19 0
+         %39 = OpConstant %6 10
+         %42 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %43 = OpConstant %6 0.699999988
+         %49 = OpConstant %15 0
+         %50 = OpTypeBool
+         %54 = OpConstant %6 0.100000001
+         %61 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+         %62 = OpTypePointer Output %61
+         %63 = OpVariable %62 Output
+         %66 = OpConstant %6 1
+         %68 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %69 = OpVariable %68 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpFunctionCall %6 %8
+         %65 = OpFunctionCall %6 %10
+         %67 = OpCompositeConstruct %61 %64 %65 %14 %66
+               OpStore %63 %67
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %6 None %7
+          %9 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpVariable %12 Function
+               OpStore %13 %14
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %20
+         %23 = OpLoad %15 %22
+         %24 = OpConvertUToF %6 %23
+         %25 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log2 %24
+         %26 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %27 = OpFAdd %6 %26 %25
+               OpStore %13 %27
+         %28 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %29 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %30 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sqrt %29
+         %31 = OpFSub %6 %28 %30
+               OpReturnValue %31
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %10 = OpFunction %6 None %7
+         %11 = OpLabel
+         %34 = OpVariable %12 Function
+         %36 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %35
+         %37 = OpLoad %15 %36
+         %38 = OpConvertUToF %6 %37
+         %40 = OpFDiv %6 %38 %39
+               OpStore %34 %40
+         %41 = OpLoad %6 %34
+         %44 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FClamp %41 %42 %43
+         %45 = OpLoad %6 %34
+         %46 = OpFMul %6 %45 %44
+               OpStore %34 %46
+         %47 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %20
+         %48 = OpLoad %15 %47
+         %51 = OpINotEqual %50 %48 %49
+               OpSelectionMerge %53 None
+               OpBranchConditional %51 %52 %53
+         %52 = OpLabel
+         %55 = OpLoad %6 %34
+         %56 = OpFSub %6 %55 %54
+               OpStore %34 %56
+               OpBranch %53
+         %53 = OpLabel
+         %57 = OpLoad %6 %34
+         %58 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %57
+               OpReturnValue %58
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 69
++; Bound: 81
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %63 %68
+ OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %10 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 0 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 1 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+ OpDecorate %16 Block
+ OpDecorate %18 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %18 Binding 0
+-OpDecorate %23 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %30 RelaxedPrecision
+-OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %34 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %40 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %45 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %47 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %50 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %51 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %54 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
++OpDecorate %72 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
++OpDecorate %77 RelaxedPrecision
++OpDecorate %78 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %63 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %63 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %64 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %65 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %66 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %68 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %68 Location 0
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %7 = OpTypeFunction %6
+ %12 = OpTypePointer Function %6
+ %14 = OpConstant %6 0
+ %15 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %16 = OpTypeStruct %15 %15
+ %17 = OpTypePointer Uniform %16
+ %18 = OpVariable %17 Uniform
+ %19 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %20 = OpConstant %19 0
+ %21 = OpTypePointer Uniform %15
+ %24 = OpConstant %15 0
+ %25 = OpTypeBool
+ %29 = OpConstant %6 1
+ %32 = OpConstant %19 1
+ %49 = OpConstant %6 10
+ %52 = OpConstant %6 0.5
++%76 = OpConstant %6 0.100000001
+ %53 = OpConstant %6 0.699999988
+ %61 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+ %62 = OpTypePointer Output %61
+ %63 = OpVariable %62 Output
+ %67 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+ %68 = OpVariable %67 Input
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %64 = OpFunctionCall %6 %8
+ %65 = OpFunctionCall %6 %10
+ %66 = OpCompositeConstruct %61 %64 %65 %14 %29
+ OpStore %63 %66
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %8 = OpFunction %6 None %7
+ %9 = OpLabel
+ %13 = OpVariable %12 Function
+ OpStore %13 %14
+-%22 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %20
+-%23 = OpLoad %15 %22
+-%26 = OpINotEqual %25 %23 %24
+-OpSelectionMerge %28 None
+-OpBranchConditional %26 %27 %28
+-%27 = OpLabel
+-%30 = OpLoad %6 %13
+-%31 = OpFAdd %6 %30 %29
+-OpStore %13 %31
+-OpBranch %28
+-%28 = OpLabel
+ %33 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %32
+ %34 = OpLoad %15 %33
+ %35 = OpConvertUToF %6 %34
+ %36 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log2 %35
+ %37 = OpLoad %6 %13
+ %38 = OpFAdd %6 %37 %36
+ OpStore %13 %38
+ %39 = OpLoad %6 %13
+ %40 = OpLoad %6 %13
+ %41 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sqrt %40
+ %42 = OpFSub %6 %39 %41
+ OpReturnValue %42
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %10 = OpFunction %6 None %7
+ %11 = OpLabel
+ %45 = OpVariable %12 Function
+ %46 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %20
+ %47 = OpLoad %15 %46
+ %48 = OpConvertUToF %6 %47
+ %50 = OpFDiv %6 %48 %49
+ OpStore %45 %50
+ %51 = OpLoad %6 %45
+ %54 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FClamp %51 %52 %53
+ %55 = OpLoad %6 %45
+ %56 = OpFMul %6 %55 %54
+ OpStore %45 %56
++%71 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %32
++%72 = OpLoad %15 %71
++%73 = OpINotEqual %25 %72 %24
++OpSelectionMerge %75 None
++OpBranchConditional %73 %74 %75
++%74 = OpLabel
+ %57 = OpLoad %6 %45
++%77 = OpFSub %6 %57 %76
++OpStore %45 %77
++OpBranch %75
++%75 = OpLabel
++%78 = OpLoad %6 %45
+-%58 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %57
++%58 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %78
+ OpReturnValue %58
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/extra_if_block_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/extra_if_block_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79bda83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/extra_if_block_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %63 %69
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %8 "f1("
+               OpName %10 "f2("
+               OpName %13 "v"
+               OpName %16 "Buffer"
+               OpMemberName %16 0 "flag1"
+               OpMemberName %16 1 "flag2"
+               OpName %18 ""
+               OpName %34 "v"
+               OpName %63 "color"
+               OpName %69 "v"
+               OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %10 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 0 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 1 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+               OpDecorate %16 Block
+               OpDecorate %18 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %18 Binding 0
+               OpDecorate %23 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %24 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %25 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %26 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %27 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %30 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %34 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %40 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %45 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %46 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %63 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %63 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %64 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %65 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %67 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %69 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %69 Location 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeFunction %6
+         %12 = OpTypePointer Function %6
+         %14 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %15 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %16 = OpTypeStruct %15 %15
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Uniform %16
+         %18 = OpVariable %17 Uniform
+         %19 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %20 = OpConstant %19 1
+         %21 = OpTypePointer Uniform %15
+         %35 = OpConstant %19 0
+         %39 = OpConstant %6 10
+         %42 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %43 = OpConstant %6 0.699999988
+         %49 = OpConstant %15 0
+         %50 = OpTypeBool
+         %54 = OpConstant %6 0.100000001
+         %61 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+         %62 = OpTypePointer Output %61
+         %63 = OpVariable %62 Output
+         %66 = OpConstant %6 1
+         %68 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %69 = OpVariable %68 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpFunctionCall %6 %8
+         %65 = OpFunctionCall %6 %10
+         %67 = OpCompositeConstruct %61 %64 %65 %14 %66
+               OpStore %63 %67
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %6 None %7
+          %9 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpVariable %12 Function
+               OpStore %13 %14
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %20
+         %23 = OpLoad %15 %22
+         %24 = OpConvertUToF %6 %23
+         %25 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log2 %24
+         %26 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %27 = OpFAdd %6 %26 %25
+               OpStore %13 %27
+         %28 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %29 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %30 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sqrt %29
+         %31 = OpFSub %6 %28 %30
+               OpReturnValue %31
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %10 = OpFunction %6 None %7
+         %11 = OpLabel
+         %34 = OpVariable %12 Function
+         %36 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %35
+         %37 = OpLoad %15 %36
+         %38 = OpConvertUToF %6 %37
+         %40 = OpFDiv %6 %38 %39
+               OpStore %34 %40
+         %41 = OpLoad %6 %34
+         %44 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FClamp %41 %42 %43
+         %45 = OpLoad %6 %34
+         %46 = OpFMul %6 %45 %44
+               OpStore %34 %46
+         %47 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %20
+         %48 = OpLoad %15 %47
+         %51 = OpINotEqual %50 %48 %49
+               OpSelectionMerge %53 None
+               OpBranchConditional %51 %52 %53
+         %52 = OpLabel
+         %55 = OpLoad %6 %34
+         %56 = OpFSub %6 %55 %54
+               OpStore %34 %56
+               OpBranch %53
+         %53 = OpLabel
+         %57 = OpLoad %6 %34
+         %58 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %57
+               OpReturnValue %58
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/extra_if_block_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/extra_if_block_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b43ccb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/extra_if_block_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+;; Test where src has an extra if block in one function, and dst has an extra
+;; if block in another function.
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %63 %68
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %8 "f1("
+               OpName %10 "f2("
+               OpName %13 "v"
+               OpName %16 "Buffer"
+               OpMemberName %16 0 "flag1"
+               OpMemberName %16 1 "flag2"
+               OpName %18 ""
+               OpName %45 "v"
+               OpName %63 "color"
+               OpName %68 "v"
+               OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %10 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 0 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 1 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpMemberDecorate %16 1 Offset 4
+               OpDecorate %16 Block
+               OpDecorate %18 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %18 Binding 0
+               OpDecorate %23 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %30 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %34 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %40 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %45 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %47 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %48 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %50 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %51 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %54 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %55 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %56 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %57 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %58 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %63 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %63 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %64 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %65 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %66 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %68 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %68 Location 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeFunction %6
+         %12 = OpTypePointer Function %6
+         %14 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %15 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %16 = OpTypeStruct %15 %15
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Uniform %16
+         %18 = OpVariable %17 Uniform
+         %19 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %20 = OpConstant %19 0
+         %21 = OpTypePointer Uniform %15
+         %24 = OpConstant %15 0
+         %25 = OpTypeBool
+         %29 = OpConstant %6 1
+         %32 = OpConstant %19 1
+         %49 = OpConstant %6 10
+         %52 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %53 = OpConstant %6 0.699999988
+         %61 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+         %62 = OpTypePointer Output %61
+         %63 = OpVariable %62 Output
+         %67 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %68 = OpVariable %67 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpFunctionCall %6 %8
+         %65 = OpFunctionCall %6 %10
+         %66 = OpCompositeConstruct %61 %64 %65 %14 %29
+               OpStore %63 %66
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %6 None %7
+          %9 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpVariable %12 Function
+               OpStore %13 %14
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %20
+         %23 = OpLoad %15 %22
+         %26 = OpINotEqual %25 %23 %24
+               OpSelectionMerge %28 None
+               OpBranchConditional %26 %27 %28
+         %27 = OpLabel
+         %30 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %31 = OpFAdd %6 %30 %29
+               OpStore %13 %31
+               OpBranch %28
+         %28 = OpLabel
+         %33 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %32
+         %34 = OpLoad %15 %33
+         %35 = OpConvertUToF %6 %34
+         %36 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log2 %35
+         %37 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %38 = OpFAdd %6 %37 %36
+               OpStore %13 %38
+         %39 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %40 = OpLoad %6 %13
+         %41 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sqrt %40
+         %42 = OpFSub %6 %39 %41
+               OpReturnValue %42
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %10 = OpFunction %6 None %7
+         %11 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpVariable %12 Function
+         %46 = OpAccessChain %21 %18 %20
+         %47 = OpLoad %15 %46
+         %48 = OpConvertUToF %6 %47
+         %50 = OpFDiv %6 %48 %49
+               OpStore %45 %50
+         %51 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %54 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FClamp %51 %52 %53
+         %55 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %56 = OpFMul %6 %55 %54
+               OpStore %45 %56
+         %57 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %58 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %57
+               OpReturnValue %58
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/generate_tests.py b/test/diff/diff_files/generate_tests.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..cc3175d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/generate_tests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+#! /usr/bin/python3
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import glob
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+# A handful of relevant tests are hand-picked to generate extra unit tests with
+# specific options of spirv-diff.
+IGNORE_SET_BINDING_TESTS = ['different_decorations_vertex']
+IGNORE_LOCATION_TESTS = ['different_decorations_fragment']
+IGNORE_DECORATIONS_TESTS = ['different_decorations_vertex', 'different_decorations_fragment']
+DUMP_IDS_TESTS = ['basic', 'int_vs_uint_constants', 'multiple_same_entry_points', 'small_functions_small_diffs']
+
+LICENSE = u"""Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+"""
+
+TEMPLATE_TEST_FILE = u"""// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by {script_name}
+//
+{license}
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {{
+namespace diff {{
+namespace {{
+
+{test_comment}
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"({src_spirv})";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"({dst_spirv})";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, {test_name}) {{
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"({diff_spirv})";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, {test_name}NoDebug) {{
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"({src_spirv_no_debug})";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"({dst_spirv_no_debug})";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"({diff_spirv_no_debug})";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}}
+{extra_tests}
+}}  // namespace
+}}  // namespace diff
+}}  // namespace spvtools
+"""
+
+TEMPLATE_TEST_FUNC = u"""
+TEST(DiffTest, {test_name}{test_tag}) {{
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"({diff_spirv})";
+  Options options;
+  {test_options}
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}}
+"""
+
+TEMPLATE_TEST_FILES_CMAKE = u"""# GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+# Generated by {script_name}
+#
+{license}
+
+list(APPEND DIFF_TEST_FILES
+{test_files}
+)
+"""
+
+VARIANT_NONE = 0
+VARIANT_IGNORE_SET_BINDING = 1
+VARIANT_IGNORE_LOCATION = 2
+VARIANT_IGNORE_DECORATIONS = 3
+VARIANT_DUMP_IDS = 4
+
+def print_usage():
+    print("Usage: {} <path-to-spirv-diff>".format(sys.argv[0]))
+
+def remove_debug_info(in_path):
+    tmp_dir = '.no_dbg'
+
+    if not os.path.exists(tmp_dir):
+        os.makedirs(tmp_dir)
+
+    (in_basename, in_ext) = os.path.splitext(in_path)
+    out_name = in_basename + '_no_dbg' + in_ext
+    out_path = os.path.join(tmp_dir, out_name)
+
+    with open(in_path, 'r') as fin:
+        with open(out_path, 'w') as fout:
+            for line in fin:
+                ops = line.strip().split()
+                op = ops[0] if len(ops) > 0 else ''
+                if (op != ';;' and op != 'OpName' and op != 'OpMemberName' and op != 'OpString' and
+                    op != 'OpLine' and op != 'OpNoLine' and op != 'OpModuleProcessed'):
+                    fout.write(line)
+
+    return out_path
+
+def make_src_file(test_name):
+    return '{}_src.spvasm'.format(test_name)
+
+def make_dst_file(test_name):
+    return '{}_dst.spvasm'.format(test_name)
+
+def make_cpp_file(test_name):
+    return '{}_autogen.cpp'.format(test_name)
+
+def make_camel_case(test_name):
+    return test_name.replace('_', ' ').title().replace(' ', '')
+
+def make_comment(text, comment_prefix):
+    return '\n'.join([comment_prefix + (' ' if line.strip() else '') + line for line in text.splitlines()])
+
+def read_file(file_name):
+    with open(file_name, 'r') as f:
+        content = f.read()
+
+    # Use unix line endings.
+    content = content.replace('\r\n', '\n')
+
+    return content
+
+def parse_test_comment(src_spirv_file_name, src_spirv):
+    src_spirv_lines = src_spirv.splitlines()
+    comment_line_count = 0
+    while comment_line_count < len(src_spirv_lines):
+        if not src_spirv_lines[comment_line_count].strip().startswith(';;'):
+            break
+        comment_line_count += 1
+
+    if comment_line_count == 0:
+        print("Expected comment on test file '{}'.  See README.md next to this file.".format(src_spirv_file_name))
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    comment_block = src_spirv_lines[:comment_line_count]
+    spirv_block = src_spirv_lines[comment_line_count:]
+
+    comment_block = ['// ' + line.replace(';;', '').strip() for line in comment_block]
+
+    return '\n'.join(spirv_block), '\n'.join(comment_block)
+
+def run_diff_tool(diff_tool, src_file, dst_file, variant):
+    args = [diff_tool]
+
+    if variant == VARIANT_IGNORE_SET_BINDING or variant == VARIANT_IGNORE_DECORATIONS:
+        args.append('--ignore-set-binding')
+
+    if variant == VARIANT_IGNORE_LOCATION or variant == VARIANT_IGNORE_DECORATIONS:
+        args.append('--ignore-location')
+
+    if variant == VARIANT_DUMP_IDS:
+        args.append('--with-id-map')
+
+    args.append('--no-color')
+    args.append('--no-indent')
+
+    args.append(src_file)
+    args.append(dst_file)
+
+    success = True
+    print(' '.join(args))
+    process = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
+    out, err = process.communicate()
+
+    if process.returncode != 0:
+        print(err)
+        sys.exit(process.returncode)
+
+    # Use unix line endings.
+    out = out.replace('\r\n', '\n')
+
+    return out
+
+def generate_extra_test(diff_tool, src_file, dst_file, variant, test_name_camel_case, test_tag, test_options):
+    diff = run_diff_tool(diff_tool, src_file, dst_file, variant)
+    return TEMPLATE_TEST_FUNC.format(
+        test_name = test_name_camel_case,
+        test_tag = test_tag,
+        test_options = test_options,
+        diff_spirv = diff)
+
+def generate_test(diff_tool, test_name):
+    src_file = make_src_file(test_name)
+    dst_file = make_dst_file(test_name)
+    src_file_no_debug = remove_debug_info(src_file)
+    dst_file_no_debug = remove_debug_info(dst_file)
+
+    src_spirv = read_file(src_file)
+    dst_spirv = read_file(dst_file)
+    src_spirv_no_debug = read_file(src_file_no_debug)
+    dst_spirv_no_debug = read_file(dst_file_no_debug)
+
+    test_name_camel_case = make_camel_case(test_name)
+
+    diff_spirv = run_diff_tool(diff_tool, src_file, dst_file, VARIANT_NONE)
+    diff_spirv_no_debug = run_diff_tool(diff_tool, src_file_no_debug, dst_file_no_debug, VARIANT_NONE)
+
+    extra_tests = []
+
+    if test_name in IGNORE_SET_BINDING_TESTS:
+        extra_tests.append(generate_extra_test(diff_tool, src_file, dst_file, VARIANT_IGNORE_SET_BINDING,
+            test_name_camel_case, 'IgnoreSetBinding', 'options.ignore_set_binding = true;'))
+
+    if test_name in IGNORE_LOCATION_TESTS:
+        extra_tests.append(generate_extra_test(diff_tool, src_file, dst_file, VARIANT_IGNORE_LOCATION,
+            test_name_camel_case, 'IgnoreLocation', 'options.ignore_location = true;'))
+
+    if test_name in IGNORE_DECORATIONS_TESTS:
+        extra_tests.append(generate_extra_test(diff_tool, src_file, dst_file, VARIANT_IGNORE_DECORATIONS,
+            test_name_camel_case, 'IgnoreSetBindingLocation',
+            '\n  '.join(['options.ignore_set_binding = true;', 'options.ignore_location = true;'])))
+
+    if test_name in DUMP_IDS_TESTS:
+        extra_tests.append(generate_extra_test(diff_tool, src_file, dst_file, VARIANT_DUMP_IDS,
+            test_name_camel_case, 'DumpIds', 'options.dump_id_map = true;'))
+
+    src_spirv, test_comment = parse_test_comment(src_file, src_spirv)
+
+    test_file = TEMPLATE_TEST_FILE.format(
+            script_name = os.path.basename(__file__),
+            license = make_comment(LICENSE, '//'),
+            test_comment = test_comment,
+            test_name = test_name_camel_case,
+            src_spirv = src_spirv,
+            dst_spirv = dst_spirv,
+            diff_spirv = diff_spirv,
+            src_spirv_no_debug = src_spirv_no_debug,
+            dst_spirv_no_debug = dst_spirv_no_debug,
+            diff_spirv_no_debug = diff_spirv_no_debug,
+            extra_tests = ''.join(extra_tests))
+
+    test_file_name = make_cpp_file(test_name)
+    with open(test_file_name, 'wb') as fout:
+        fout.write(str.encode(test_file))
+
+    return test_file_name
+
+def generate_tests(diff_tool, test_names):
+    return [generate_test(diff_tool, test_name) for test_name in test_names]
+
+def generate_cmake(test_files):
+    cmake = TEMPLATE_TEST_FILES_CMAKE.format(
+            script_name = os.path.basename(__file__),
+            license = make_comment(LICENSE, '#'),
+            test_files = '\n'.join(['"diff_files/{}"'.format(f) for f in test_files]))
+
+    with open('diff_test_files_autogen.cmake', 'wb') as fout:
+        fout.write(str.encode(cmake))
+
+def main():
+
+    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+        print_usage()
+        return 1
+
+    diff_tool = sys.argv[1]
+    if not os.path.exists(diff_tool):
+        print("No such file: {}".format(diff_tool))
+        print_usage()
+        return 1
+
+    diff_tool = os.path.realpath(diff_tool)
+    os.chdir(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+
+    test_names = sorted([f[:-11] for f in glob.glob("*_src.spvasm")])
+
+    test_files = generate_tests(diff_tool, test_names)
+
+    generate_cmake(test_files)
+
+    return 0
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.exit(main())
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/index_signedness_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/index_signedness_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab650be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/index_signedness_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,733 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Test where signedness of indices are different between src and dst.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %13 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %13 0 "o1"
+               OpMemberName %13 1 "o2"
+               OpMemberName %13 2 "o3"
+               OpName %15 ""
+               OpName %22 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %22 0 "i1"
+               OpMemberName %22 1 "i2"
+               OpName %24 ""
+               OpDecorate %8 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %9 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %11 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %12 ArrayStride 8
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 1 Offset 12
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 2 Offset 24
+               OpDecorate %13 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %15 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %15 Binding 1
+               OpDecorate %18 ArrayStride 16
+               OpDecorate %19 ArrayStride 48
+               OpDecorate %21 ArrayStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 1 Offset 96
+               OpDecorate %22 Block
+               OpDecorate %24 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %24 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %7 = OpConstant %6 3
+          %8 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+          %9 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+         %10 = OpConstant %6 2
+         %11 = OpTypeArray %6 %10
+         %12 = OpTypeArray %11 %10
+         %13 = OpTypeStruct %8 %9 %12
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Uniform %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Uniform
+         %16 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %17 = OpConstant %16 0
+         %18 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+         %19 = OpTypeArray %18 %10
+         %20 = OpConstant %6 4
+         %21 = OpTypeArray %6 %20
+         %22 = OpTypeStruct %19 %21
+         %23 = OpTypePointer Uniform %22
+         %24 = OpVariable %23 Uniform
+         %25 = OpTypePointer Uniform %6
+         %28 = OpConstant %6 1
+         %31 = OpConstant %16 1
+         %34 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %37 = OpConstant %16 2
+         %61 = OpConstant %16 3
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %17
+         %27 = OpLoad %6 %26
+         %29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %28
+         %30 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %17
+               OpStore %30 %29
+         %32 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %17
+         %33 = OpLoad %6 %32
+         %35 = OpIAdd %6 %33 %34
+         %36 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %31
+               OpStore %36 %35
+         %38 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %31
+         %39 = OpLoad %6 %38
+         %40 = OpIAdd %6 %39 %10
+         %41 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %37
+               OpStore %41 %40
+         %42 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %37
+         %43 = OpLoad %6 %42
+         %44 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %17
+               OpStore %44 %43
+         %45 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %31
+         %46 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %47 = OpIMul %6 %46 %7
+         %48 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %31
+               OpStore %48 %47
+         %49 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %37
+         %50 = OpLoad %6 %49
+         %51 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %37
+               OpStore %51 %50
+         %52 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %17
+         %53 = OpLoad %6 %52
+         %54 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %17 %17
+               OpStore %54 %53
+         %55 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %31
+         %56 = OpLoad %6 %55
+         %57 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %17 %31
+               OpStore %57 %56
+         %58 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %37
+         %59 = OpLoad %6 %58
+         %60 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %31 %17
+               OpStore %60 %59
+         %62 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %61
+         %63 = OpLoad %6 %62
+         %64 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %31 %31
+               OpStore %64 %63
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %13 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %13 0 "o1"
+               OpMemberName %13 1 "o2"
+               OpMemberName %13 2 "o3"
+               OpName %15 ""
+               OpName %22 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %22 0 "i1"
+               OpMemberName %22 1 "i2"
+               OpName %24 ""
+               OpDecorate %8 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %9 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %11 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %12 ArrayStride 8
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 1 Offset 12
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 2 Offset 24
+               OpDecorate %13 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %15 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %15 Binding 1
+               OpDecorate %18 ArrayStride 16
+               OpDecorate %19 ArrayStride 48
+               OpDecorate %21 ArrayStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 1 Offset 96
+               OpDecorate %22 Block
+               OpDecorate %24 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %24 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %16 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+          %7 = OpConstant %16 3
+          %8 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+          %9 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+         %10 = OpConstant %16 2
+         %11 = OpTypeArray %6 %10
+         %12 = OpTypeArray %11 %10
+         %13 = OpTypeStruct %8 %9 %12
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Uniform %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Uniform
+         %18 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+         %19 = OpTypeArray %18 %10
+         %20 = OpConstant %16 4
+         %21 = OpTypeArray %6 %20
+         %22 = OpTypeStruct %19 %21
+         %23 = OpTypePointer Uniform %22
+         %24 = OpVariable %23 Uniform
+         %25 = OpTypePointer Uniform %6
+         %17 = OpConstant %16 0
+         %28 = OpConstant %16 1
+         %31 = OpConstant %6 1
+         %34 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %37 = OpConstant %6 2
+         %61 = OpConstant %6 3
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %17
+         %27 = OpLoad %6 %26
+         %29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %28
+         %30 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %17
+               OpStore %30 %29
+         %32 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %17
+         %33 = OpLoad %6 %32
+         %35 = OpIAdd %6 %33 %34
+         %36 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %31
+               OpStore %36 %35
+         %38 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %31
+         %39 = OpLoad %6 %38
+         %40 = OpIAdd %6 %39 %37
+         %41 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %10
+               OpStore %41 %40
+         %42 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %10
+         %43 = OpLoad %6 %42
+         %44 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %17
+               OpStore %44 %43
+         %45 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %31
+         %46 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %47 = OpIMul %6 %46 %7
+         %48 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %31
+               OpStore %48 %47
+         %49 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %10
+         %50 = OpLoad %6 %49
+         %51 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %10
+               OpStore %51 %50
+         %52 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %17
+         %53 = OpLoad %6 %52
+         %54 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %17 %17
+               OpStore %54 %53
+         %55 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %31
+         %56 = OpLoad %6 %55
+         %57 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %17 %31
+               OpStore %57 %56
+         %58 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %37
+         %59 = OpLoad %6 %58
+         %60 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %31 %17
+               OpStore %60 %59
+         %62 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %61
+         %63 = OpLoad %6 %62
+         %64 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %31 %31
+               OpStore %64 %63
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, IndexSignedness) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+ ; Bound: 65
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+ OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpName %4 "main"
+ OpName %13 "BufferOut"
+ OpMemberName %13 0 "o1"
+ OpMemberName %13 1 "o2"
+ OpMemberName %13 2 "o3"
+ OpName %15 ""
+ OpName %22 "BufferIn"
+ OpMemberName %22 0 "i1"
+ OpMemberName %22 1 "i2"
+ OpName %24 ""
+ OpDecorate %8 ArrayStride 4
+ OpDecorate %9 ArrayStride 4
+ OpDecorate %11 ArrayStride 4
+ OpDecorate %12 ArrayStride 8
+ OpMemberDecorate %13 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %13 1 Offset 12
+ OpMemberDecorate %13 2 Offset 24
+ OpDecorate %13 BufferBlock
+ OpDecorate %15 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %15 Binding 1
+ OpDecorate %18 ArrayStride 16
+ OpDecorate %19 ArrayStride 48
+ OpDecorate %21 ArrayStride 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %22 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %22 1 Offset 96
+ OpDecorate %22 Block
+ OpDecorate %24 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %24 Binding 0
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %7 = OpConstant %6 3
+-%8 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
++%8 = OpTypeArray %6 %61
+-%9 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
++%9 = OpTypeArray %6 %61
+ %10 = OpConstant %6 2
+-%11 = OpTypeArray %6 %10
++%11 = OpTypeArray %6 %37
+-%12 = OpTypeArray %11 %10
++%12 = OpTypeArray %11 %37
+ %13 = OpTypeStruct %8 %9 %12
+ %14 = OpTypePointer Uniform %13
+ %15 = OpVariable %14 Uniform
+ %16 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %17 = OpConstant %16 0
+-%18 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
++%18 = OpTypeArray %6 %61
+-%19 = OpTypeArray %18 %10
++%19 = OpTypeArray %18 %37
+-%20 = OpConstant %6 4
++%20 = OpConstant %16 4
+ %21 = OpTypeArray %6 %20
+ %22 = OpTypeStruct %19 %21
+ %23 = OpTypePointer Uniform %22
+ %24 = OpVariable %23 Uniform
+ %25 = OpTypePointer Uniform %6
+ %28 = OpConstant %6 1
+ %31 = OpConstant %16 1
+ %34 = OpConstant %6 0
+ %37 = OpConstant %16 2
+ %61 = OpConstant %16 3
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %26 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %17
+ %27 = OpLoad %6 %26
+-%29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %28
++%29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %31
+ %30 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %17
+ OpStore %30 %29
+-%32 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %17
++%32 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %28 %17
+ %33 = OpLoad %6 %32
+ %35 = OpIAdd %6 %33 %34
+-%36 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %31
++%36 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %28
+ OpStore %36 %35
+-%38 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %31
++%38 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %28 %28
+ %39 = OpLoad %6 %38
+ %40 = OpIAdd %6 %39 %10
+ %41 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %37
+ OpStore %41 %40
+ %42 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %37
+ %43 = OpLoad %6 %42
+-%44 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %17
++%44 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %28 %17
+ OpStore %44 %43
+-%45 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %31
++%45 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %28
+ %46 = OpLoad %6 %45
+-%47 = OpIMul %6 %46 %7
++%47 = OpIMul %6 %46 %61
+-%48 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %31
++%48 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %28 %28
+ OpStore %48 %47
+-%49 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %37
++%49 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %28 %37
+ %50 = OpLoad %6 %49
+-%51 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %37
++%51 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %28 %37
+ OpStore %51 %50
+-%52 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %17
++%52 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %28 %17
+ %53 = OpLoad %6 %52
+-%54 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %17 %17
++%54 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %10 %17 %17
+ OpStore %54 %53
+-%55 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %31
++%55 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %28 %28
+ %56 = OpLoad %6 %55
+-%57 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %17 %31
++%57 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %10 %17 %28
+ OpStore %57 %56
+-%58 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %37
++%58 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %28 %10
+ %59 = OpLoad %6 %58
+-%60 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %31 %17
++%60 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %10 %28 %17
+ OpStore %60 %59
+-%62 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %61
++%62 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %28 %7
+ %63 = OpLoad %6 %62
+-%64 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %31 %31
++%64 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %10 %28 %28
+ OpStore %64 %63
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, IndexSignednessNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %8 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %9 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %11 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %12 ArrayStride 8
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 1 Offset 12
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 2 Offset 24
+               OpDecorate %13 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %15 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %15 Binding 1
+               OpDecorate %18 ArrayStride 16
+               OpDecorate %19 ArrayStride 48
+               OpDecorate %21 ArrayStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 1 Offset 96
+               OpDecorate %22 Block
+               OpDecorate %24 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %24 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %7 = OpConstant %6 3
+          %8 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+          %9 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+         %10 = OpConstant %6 2
+         %11 = OpTypeArray %6 %10
+         %12 = OpTypeArray %11 %10
+         %13 = OpTypeStruct %8 %9 %12
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Uniform %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Uniform
+         %16 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %17 = OpConstant %16 0
+         %18 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+         %19 = OpTypeArray %18 %10
+         %20 = OpConstant %6 4
+         %21 = OpTypeArray %6 %20
+         %22 = OpTypeStruct %19 %21
+         %23 = OpTypePointer Uniform %22
+         %24 = OpVariable %23 Uniform
+         %25 = OpTypePointer Uniform %6
+         %28 = OpConstant %6 1
+         %31 = OpConstant %16 1
+         %34 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %37 = OpConstant %16 2
+         %61 = OpConstant %16 3
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %17
+         %27 = OpLoad %6 %26
+         %29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %28
+         %30 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %17
+               OpStore %30 %29
+         %32 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %17
+         %33 = OpLoad %6 %32
+         %35 = OpIAdd %6 %33 %34
+         %36 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %31
+               OpStore %36 %35
+         %38 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %31
+         %39 = OpLoad %6 %38
+         %40 = OpIAdd %6 %39 %10
+         %41 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %37
+               OpStore %41 %40
+         %42 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %37
+         %43 = OpLoad %6 %42
+         %44 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %17
+               OpStore %44 %43
+         %45 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %31
+         %46 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %47 = OpIMul %6 %46 %7
+         %48 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %31
+               OpStore %48 %47
+         %49 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %37
+         %50 = OpLoad %6 %49
+         %51 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %37
+               OpStore %51 %50
+         %52 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %17
+         %53 = OpLoad %6 %52
+         %54 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %17 %17
+               OpStore %54 %53
+         %55 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %31
+         %56 = OpLoad %6 %55
+         %57 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %17 %31
+               OpStore %57 %56
+         %58 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %37
+         %59 = OpLoad %6 %58
+         %60 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %31 %17
+               OpStore %60 %59
+         %62 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %61
+         %63 = OpLoad %6 %62
+         %64 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %31 %31
+               OpStore %64 %63
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %8 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %9 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %11 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %12 ArrayStride 8
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 1 Offset 12
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 2 Offset 24
+               OpDecorate %13 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %15 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %15 Binding 1
+               OpDecorate %18 ArrayStride 16
+               OpDecorate %19 ArrayStride 48
+               OpDecorate %21 ArrayStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 1 Offset 96
+               OpDecorate %22 Block
+               OpDecorate %24 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %24 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %16 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+          %7 = OpConstant %16 3
+          %8 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+          %9 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+         %10 = OpConstant %16 2
+         %11 = OpTypeArray %6 %10
+         %12 = OpTypeArray %11 %10
+         %13 = OpTypeStruct %8 %9 %12
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Uniform %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Uniform
+         %18 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+         %19 = OpTypeArray %18 %10
+         %20 = OpConstant %16 4
+         %21 = OpTypeArray %6 %20
+         %22 = OpTypeStruct %19 %21
+         %23 = OpTypePointer Uniform %22
+         %24 = OpVariable %23 Uniform
+         %25 = OpTypePointer Uniform %6
+         %17 = OpConstant %16 0
+         %28 = OpConstant %16 1
+         %31 = OpConstant %6 1
+         %34 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %37 = OpConstant %6 2
+         %61 = OpConstant %6 3
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %17
+         %27 = OpLoad %6 %26
+         %29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %28
+         %30 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %17
+               OpStore %30 %29
+         %32 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %17
+         %33 = OpLoad %6 %32
+         %35 = OpIAdd %6 %33 %34
+         %36 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %31
+               OpStore %36 %35
+         %38 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %31
+         %39 = OpLoad %6 %38
+         %40 = OpIAdd %6 %39 %37
+         %41 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %10
+               OpStore %41 %40
+         %42 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %10
+         %43 = OpLoad %6 %42
+         %44 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %17
+               OpStore %44 %43
+         %45 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %31
+         %46 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %47 = OpIMul %6 %46 %7
+         %48 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %31
+               OpStore %48 %47
+         %49 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %10
+         %50 = OpLoad %6 %49
+         %51 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %10
+               OpStore %51 %50
+         %52 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %17
+         %53 = OpLoad %6 %52
+         %54 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %17 %17
+               OpStore %54 %53
+         %55 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %31
+         %56 = OpLoad %6 %55
+         %57 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %17 %31
+               OpStore %57 %56
+         %58 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %37
+         %59 = OpLoad %6 %58
+         %60 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %31 %17
+               OpStore %60 %59
+         %62 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %61
+         %63 = OpLoad %6 %62
+         %64 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %31 %31
+               OpStore %64 %63
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+ ; Bound: 65
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+ OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpDecorate %8 ArrayStride 4
+ OpDecorate %9 ArrayStride 4
+ OpDecorate %11 ArrayStride 4
+ OpDecorate %12 ArrayStride 8
+ OpMemberDecorate %13 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %13 1 Offset 12
+ OpMemberDecorate %13 2 Offset 24
+ OpDecorate %13 BufferBlock
+ OpDecorate %15 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %15 Binding 1
+ OpDecorate %18 ArrayStride 16
+ OpDecorate %19 ArrayStride 48
+ OpDecorate %21 ArrayStride 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %22 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %22 1 Offset 96
+ OpDecorate %22 Block
+ OpDecorate %24 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %24 Binding 0
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %7 = OpConstant %6 3
+-%8 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
++%8 = OpTypeArray %6 %61
+-%9 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
++%9 = OpTypeArray %6 %61
+ %10 = OpConstant %6 2
+-%11 = OpTypeArray %6 %10
++%11 = OpTypeArray %6 %37
+-%12 = OpTypeArray %11 %10
++%12 = OpTypeArray %11 %37
+ %13 = OpTypeStruct %8 %9 %12
+ %14 = OpTypePointer Uniform %13
+ %15 = OpVariable %14 Uniform
+ %16 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %17 = OpConstant %16 0
+-%18 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
++%18 = OpTypeArray %6 %61
+-%19 = OpTypeArray %18 %10
++%19 = OpTypeArray %18 %37
+-%20 = OpConstant %6 4
++%20 = OpConstant %16 4
+ %21 = OpTypeArray %6 %20
+ %22 = OpTypeStruct %19 %21
+ %23 = OpTypePointer Uniform %22
+ %24 = OpVariable %23 Uniform
+ %25 = OpTypePointer Uniform %6
+ %28 = OpConstant %6 1
+ %31 = OpConstant %16 1
+ %34 = OpConstant %6 0
+ %37 = OpConstant %16 2
+ %61 = OpConstant %16 3
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %26 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %17
+ %27 = OpLoad %6 %26
+-%29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %28
++%29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %31
+ %30 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %17
+ OpStore %30 %29
+-%32 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %17
++%32 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %28 %17
+ %33 = OpLoad %6 %32
+ %35 = OpIAdd %6 %33 %34
+-%36 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %31
++%36 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %28
+ OpStore %36 %35
+-%38 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %31
++%38 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %28 %28
+ %39 = OpLoad %6 %38
+ %40 = OpIAdd %6 %39 %10
+ %41 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %37
+ OpStore %41 %40
+ %42 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %37
+ %43 = OpLoad %6 %42
+-%44 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %17
++%44 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %28 %17
+ OpStore %44 %43
+-%45 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %31
++%45 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %28
+ %46 = OpLoad %6 %45
+-%47 = OpIMul %6 %46 %7
++%47 = OpIMul %6 %46 %61
+-%48 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %31
++%48 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %28 %28
+ OpStore %48 %47
+-%49 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %37
++%49 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %28 %37
+ %50 = OpLoad %6 %49
+-%51 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %37
++%51 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %28 %37
+ OpStore %51 %50
+-%52 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %17
++%52 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %28 %17
+ %53 = OpLoad %6 %52
+-%54 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %17 %17
++%54 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %10 %17 %17
+ OpStore %54 %53
+-%55 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %31
++%55 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %28 %28
+ %56 = OpLoad %6 %55
+-%57 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %17 %31
++%57 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %10 %17 %28
+ OpStore %57 %56
+-%58 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %37
++%58 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %28 %10
+ %59 = OpLoad %6 %58
+-%60 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %31 %17
++%60 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %10 %28 %17
+ OpStore %60 %59
+-%62 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %61
++%62 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %28 %7
+ %63 = OpLoad %6 %62
+-%64 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %31 %31
++%64 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %10 %28 %28
+ OpStore %64 %63
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/index_signedness_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/index_signedness_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08c1939
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/index_signedness_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %13 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %13 0 "o1"
+               OpMemberName %13 1 "o2"
+               OpMemberName %13 2 "o3"
+               OpName %15 ""
+               OpName %22 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %22 0 "i1"
+               OpMemberName %22 1 "i2"
+               OpName %24 ""
+               OpDecorate %8 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %9 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %11 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %12 ArrayStride 8
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 1 Offset 12
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 2 Offset 24
+               OpDecorate %13 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %15 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %15 Binding 1
+               OpDecorate %18 ArrayStride 16
+               OpDecorate %19 ArrayStride 48
+               OpDecorate %21 ArrayStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 1 Offset 96
+               OpDecorate %22 Block
+               OpDecorate %24 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %24 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %16 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+          %7 = OpConstant %16 3
+          %8 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+          %9 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+         %10 = OpConstant %16 2
+         %11 = OpTypeArray %6 %10
+         %12 = OpTypeArray %11 %10
+         %13 = OpTypeStruct %8 %9 %12
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Uniform %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Uniform
+         %18 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+         %19 = OpTypeArray %18 %10
+         %20 = OpConstant %16 4
+         %21 = OpTypeArray %6 %20
+         %22 = OpTypeStruct %19 %21
+         %23 = OpTypePointer Uniform %22
+         %24 = OpVariable %23 Uniform
+         %25 = OpTypePointer Uniform %6
+         %17 = OpConstant %16 0
+         %28 = OpConstant %16 1
+         %31 = OpConstant %6 1
+         %34 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %37 = OpConstant %6 2
+         %61 = OpConstant %6 3
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %17
+         %27 = OpLoad %6 %26
+         %29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %28
+         %30 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %17
+               OpStore %30 %29
+         %32 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %17
+         %33 = OpLoad %6 %32
+         %35 = OpIAdd %6 %33 %34
+         %36 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %31
+               OpStore %36 %35
+         %38 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %31
+         %39 = OpLoad %6 %38
+         %40 = OpIAdd %6 %39 %37
+         %41 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %10
+               OpStore %41 %40
+         %42 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %10
+         %43 = OpLoad %6 %42
+         %44 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %17
+               OpStore %44 %43
+         %45 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %31
+         %46 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %47 = OpIMul %6 %46 %7
+         %48 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %31
+               OpStore %48 %47
+         %49 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %10
+         %50 = OpLoad %6 %49
+         %51 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %10
+               OpStore %51 %50
+         %52 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %17
+         %53 = OpLoad %6 %52
+         %54 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %17 %17
+               OpStore %54 %53
+         %55 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %31
+         %56 = OpLoad %6 %55
+         %57 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %17 %31
+               OpStore %57 %56
+         %58 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %37
+         %59 = OpLoad %6 %58
+         %60 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %31 %17
+               OpStore %60 %59
+         %62 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %61
+         %63 = OpLoad %6 %62
+         %64 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %31 %31
+               OpStore %64 %63
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/index_signedness_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/index_signedness_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06dfd18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/index_signedness_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+;; Test where signedness of indices are different between src and dst.
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %13 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %13 0 "o1"
+               OpMemberName %13 1 "o2"
+               OpMemberName %13 2 "o3"
+               OpName %15 ""
+               OpName %22 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %22 0 "i1"
+               OpMemberName %22 1 "i2"
+               OpName %24 ""
+               OpDecorate %8 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %9 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %11 ArrayStride 4
+               OpDecorate %12 ArrayStride 8
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 1 Offset 12
+               OpMemberDecorate %13 2 Offset 24
+               OpDecorate %13 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %15 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %15 Binding 1
+               OpDecorate %18 ArrayStride 16
+               OpDecorate %19 ArrayStride 48
+               OpDecorate %21 ArrayStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 1 Offset 96
+               OpDecorate %22 Block
+               OpDecorate %24 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %24 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %7 = OpConstant %6 3
+          %8 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+          %9 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+         %10 = OpConstant %6 2
+         %11 = OpTypeArray %6 %10
+         %12 = OpTypeArray %11 %10
+         %13 = OpTypeStruct %8 %9 %12
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Uniform %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Uniform
+         %16 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %17 = OpConstant %16 0
+         %18 = OpTypeArray %6 %7
+         %19 = OpTypeArray %18 %10
+         %20 = OpConstant %6 4
+         %21 = OpTypeArray %6 %20
+         %22 = OpTypeStruct %19 %21
+         %23 = OpTypePointer Uniform %22
+         %24 = OpVariable %23 Uniform
+         %25 = OpTypePointer Uniform %6
+         %28 = OpConstant %6 1
+         %31 = OpConstant %16 1
+         %34 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %37 = OpConstant %16 2
+         %61 = OpConstant %16 3
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %17
+         %27 = OpLoad %6 %26
+         %29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %28
+         %30 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %17
+               OpStore %30 %29
+         %32 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %17
+         %33 = OpLoad %6 %32
+         %35 = OpIAdd %6 %33 %34
+         %36 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %31
+               OpStore %36 %35
+         %38 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %31
+         %39 = OpLoad %6 %38
+         %40 = OpIAdd %6 %39 %10
+         %41 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %17 %37
+               OpStore %41 %40
+         %42 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %37
+         %43 = OpLoad %6 %42
+         %44 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %17
+               OpStore %44 %43
+         %45 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %17 %31
+         %46 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %47 = OpIMul %6 %46 %7
+         %48 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %31
+               OpStore %48 %47
+         %49 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %17 %31 %37
+         %50 = OpLoad %6 %49
+         %51 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %31 %37
+               OpStore %51 %50
+         %52 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %17
+         %53 = OpLoad %6 %52
+         %54 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %17 %17
+               OpStore %54 %53
+         %55 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %31
+         %56 = OpLoad %6 %55
+         %57 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %17 %31
+               OpStore %57 %56
+         %58 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %37
+         %59 = OpLoad %6 %58
+         %60 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %31 %17
+               OpStore %60 %59
+         %62 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %31 %61
+         %63 = OpLoad %6 %62
+         %64 = OpAccessChain %25 %15 %37 %31 %31
+               OpStore %64 %63
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/int_vs_uint_constants_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/int_vs_uint_constants_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..187722e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/int_vs_uint_constants_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Tests that identical integer constants are matched, regardless of int or
+// uint.  This helps compare output from different generators that default to
+// int or uint for constants such as those passed to OpAccessChain.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+OpName %19 ""
+OpName %22 "main"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %5 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Khronos Glslang Reference Front End; 10
+; Bound: 28
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main" %13 %17
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "main"
+OpName %11 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %11 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %11 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %11 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+OpMemberName %11 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+OpName %13 ""
+OpName %17 "_ua_position"
+OpMemberDecorate %11 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %11 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %11 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %11 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %11 Block
+OpDecorate %17 Location 0
+%2 = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+%6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+%8 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%9 = OpConstant %8 1
+%10 = OpTypeArray %6 %9
+%11 = OpTypeStruct %7 %6 %10 %10
+%12 = OpTypePointer Output %11
+%13 = OpVariable %12 Output
+%14 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%15 = OpConstant %14 0
+%16 = OpTypePointer Input %7
+%17 = OpVariable %16 Input
+%19 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+%4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+%5 = OpLabel
+%18 = OpLoad %7 %17
+%20 = OpAccessChain %19 %13 %15
+OpStore %20 %18
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, IntVsUintConstants) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 27
++; Bound: 31
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
++%27 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+-OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
++OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %19 %4
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+ OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+ OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+ OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+ OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+ OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+ OpName %19 ""
+ OpName %22 "main"
+ OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+-OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+ OpDecorate %17 Block
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+-%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+-%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+-%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+-%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
++%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %29 %29
+ %20 = OpTypeVoid
++%28 = OpConstant %5 1
++%29 = OpTypeArray %1 %28
+-%25 = OpConstant %5 0
++%25 = OpConstant %30 0
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+ %13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
++%30 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+ %21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+ %22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+ %23 = OpLabel
+ %24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+ %26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+ OpStore %26 %24
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, IntVsUintConstantsNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %5 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Khronos Glslang Reference Front End; 10
+; Bound: 28
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main" %13 %17
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpMemberDecorate %11 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %11 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %11 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %11 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %11 Block
+OpDecorate %17 Location 0
+%2 = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+%6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+%8 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%9 = OpConstant %8 1
+%10 = OpTypeArray %6 %9
+%11 = OpTypeStruct %7 %6 %10 %10
+%12 = OpTypePointer Output %11
+%13 = OpVariable %12 Output
+%14 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%15 = OpConstant %14 0
+%16 = OpTypePointer Input %7
+%17 = OpVariable %16 Input
+%19 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+%4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+%5 = OpLabel
+%18 = OpLoad %7 %17
+%20 = OpAccessChain %19 %13 %15
+OpStore %20 %18
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 27
++; Bound: 31
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
++%27 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+-OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
++OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %19 %4
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+-OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+ OpDecorate %17 Block
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+-%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+-%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+-%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+-%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
++%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %29 %29
+ %20 = OpTypeVoid
++%28 = OpConstant %5 1
++%29 = OpTypeArray %1 %28
+-%25 = OpConstant %5 0
++%25 = OpConstant %30 0
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+ %13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
++%30 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+ %21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+ %22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+ %23 = OpLabel
+ %24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+ %26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+ OpStore %26 %24
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, IntVsUintConstantsDumpIds) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 27
++; Bound: 31
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
++%27 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+-OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
++OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %19 %4
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+ OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+ OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+ OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+ OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+ OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+ OpName %19 ""
+ OpName %22 "main"
+ OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+-OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+ OpDecorate %17 Block
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+-%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+-%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+-%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+-%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
++%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %29 %29
+ %20 = OpTypeVoid
++%28 = OpConstant %5 1
++%29 = OpTypeArray %1 %28
+-%25 = OpConstant %5 0
++%25 = OpConstant %30 0
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+ %13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
++%30 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+ %21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+ %22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+ %23 = OpLabel
+ %24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+ %26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+ OpStore %26 %24
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ Src ->  Dst
+   1 ->    6 [TypeFloat]
+   2 ->    7 [TypeVector]
+   3 ->   16 [TypePointer]
+   4 ->   17 [Variable]
+   5 ->    8 [TypeInt]
+   8 ->   23 [TypeVector]
+  13 ->   19 [TypePointer]
+  15 ->   29 [Constant]
+  16 ->   30 [TypeArray]
+  17 ->   11 [TypeStruct]
+  18 ->   12 [TypePointer]
+  19 ->   13 [Variable]
+  20 ->    2 [TypeVoid]
+  21 ->    3 [TypeFunction]
+  22 ->    4 [Function]
+  23 ->    5 [Label]
+  24 ->   18 [Load]
+  25 ->   15 [Constant]
+  26 ->   20 [AccessChain]
+)";
+  Options options;
+  options.dump_id_map = true;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/int_vs_uint_constants_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/int_vs_uint_constants_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da2618b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/int_vs_uint_constants_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Khronos Glslang Reference Front End; 10
+; Bound: 28
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main" %13 %17
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "main"
+OpName %11 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %11 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %11 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %11 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+OpMemberName %11 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+OpName %13 ""
+OpName %17 "_ua_position"
+OpMemberDecorate %11 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %11 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %11 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %11 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %11 Block
+OpDecorate %17 Location 0
+%2 = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+%6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+%8 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%9 = OpConstant %8 1
+%10 = OpTypeArray %6 %9
+%11 = OpTypeStruct %7 %6 %10 %10
+%12 = OpTypePointer Output %11
+%13 = OpVariable %12 Output
+%14 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%15 = OpConstant %14 0
+%16 = OpTypePointer Input %7
+%17 = OpVariable %16 Input
+%19 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+%4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+%5 = OpLabel
+%18 = OpLoad %7 %17
+%20 = OpAccessChain %19 %13 %15
+OpStore %20 %18
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/int_vs_uint_constants_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/int_vs_uint_constants_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..214b49b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/int_vs_uint_constants_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+;; Tests that identical integer constants are matched, regardless of int or
+;; uint.  This helps compare output from different generators that default to
+;; int or uint for constants such as those passed to OpAccessChain.
+; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+OpName %19 ""
+OpName %22 "main"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %5 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_large_diffs_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_large_diffs_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12cb621
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_large_diffs_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1534 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Test where src and dst have a few large functions with large differences.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %15
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %6 "f1("
+               OpName %8 "f2("
+               OpName %12 "x"
+               OpName %15 "gl_LocalInvocationID"
+               OpName %20 "y"
+               OpName %27 "image"
+               OpName %44 "sum"
+               OpName %46 "i"
+               OpName %56 "j"
+               OpName %80 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %80 0 "o_uv4"
+               OpMemberName %80 1 "o_v3"
+               OpMemberName %80 2 "o_i"
+               OpName %82 ""
+               OpName %88 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %88 0 "i_u"
+               OpMemberName %88 1 "i_v4"
+               OpMemberName %88 2 "i_f"
+               OpName %90 ""
+               OpName %101 "i"
+               OpName %128 "image2"
+               OpDecorate %15 BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
+               OpDecorate %27 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %27 Binding 2
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 2 Offset 28
+               OpDecorate %80 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %82 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %82 Binding 1
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 RowMajor
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 MatrixStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 2 Offset 80
+               OpDecorate %88 Block
+               OpDecorate %90 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %90 Binding 0
+               OpDecorate %128 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %128 Binding 3
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %11 = OpTypePointer Function %10
+         %13 = OpTypeVector %10 3
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
+         %16 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Input %10
+         %21 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %24 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %25 = OpTypeImage %24 2D 0 0 0 2 R32i
+         %26 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %25
+         %27 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+         %29 = OpTypeVector %10 2
+         %32 = OpTypeVector %24 2
+         %38 = OpTypeVector %24 4
+         %40 = OpConstant %10 2
+         %41 = OpConstant %10 3400
+         %42 = OpConstant %10 264
+         %43 = OpTypePointer Function %24
+         %45 = OpConstant %24 0
+         %53 = OpConstant %24 2
+         %54 = OpTypeBool
+         %73 = OpConstant %24 1
+         %77 = OpTypeVector %10 4
+         %78 = OpTypeFloat 32
+         %79 = OpTypeVector %78 3
+         %80 = OpTypeStruct %77 %79 %24
+         %81 = OpTypePointer Uniform %80
+         %82 = OpVariable %81 Uniform
+         %84 = OpTypePointer Uniform %24
+         %86 = OpTypeVector %78 4
+         %87 = OpTypeMatrix %86 4
+         %88 = OpTypeStruct %10 %87 %78
+         %89 = OpTypePointer Uniform %88
+         %90 = OpVariable %89 Uniform
+         %91 = OpTypePointer Uniform %87
+         %94 = OpTypePointer Uniform %77
+        %108 = OpConstant %24 3
+        %110 = OpTypePointer Uniform %79
+        %113 = OpTypePointer Uniform %78
+        %128 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+        %130 = OpConstantComposite %32 %45 %45
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+        %136 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+        %137 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %20 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %44 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %46 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %56 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %18 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %16
+         %19 = OpLoad %10 %18
+               OpStore %12 %19
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %21
+         %23 = OpLoad %10 %22
+               OpStore %20 %23
+         %28 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %30 = OpLoad %13 %15
+         %31 = OpVectorShuffle %29 %30 %30 0 1
+         %33 = OpBitcast %32 %31
+         %34 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %35 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %36 = OpIAdd %10 %34 %35
+         %37 = OpBitcast %24 %36
+         %39 = OpCompositeConstruct %38 %37 %37 %37 %37
+               OpImageWrite %28 %33 %39
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+               OpStore %44 %45
+               OpStore %46 %45
+               OpBranch %47
+         %47 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %49 %50 None
+               OpBranch %51
+         %51 = OpLabel
+         %52 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %55 = OpSLessThan %54 %52 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %55 %48 %49
+         %48 = OpLabel
+               OpStore %56 %45
+               OpBranch %57
+         %57 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %59 %60 None
+               OpBranch %61
+         %61 = OpLabel
+         %62 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %63 = OpSLessThan %54 %62 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %63 %58 %59
+         %58 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %65 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %66 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %67 = OpCompositeConstruct %32 %65 %66
+         %68 = OpImageRead %38 %64 %67
+         %69 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %68 0
+         %70 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %71 = OpIMul %24 %70 %69
+               OpStore %44 %71
+               OpBranch %60
+         %60 = OpLabel
+         %72 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %74 = OpIAdd %24 %72 %73
+               OpStore %56 %74
+               OpBranch %57
+         %59 = OpLabel
+               OpBranch %50
+         %50 = OpLabel
+         %75 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %76 = OpIAdd %24 %75 %73
+               OpStore %46 %76
+               OpBranch %47
+         %49 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+         %83 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %85 = OpAccessChain %84 %82 %53
+               OpStore %85 %83
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+        %101 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %92 = OpAccessChain %91 %90 %73
+         %93 = OpLoad %87 %92
+         %95 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+         %96 = OpLoad %77 %95
+         %97 = OpConvertUToF %86 %96
+         %98 = OpMatrixTimesVector %86 %93 %97
+         %99 = OpConvertFToU %77 %98
+        %100 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %100 %99
+               OpStore %101 %45
+               OpBranch %102
+        %102 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %104 %105 None
+               OpBranch %106
+        %106 = OpLabel
+        %107 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %109 = OpSLessThan %54 %107 %108
+               OpBranchConditional %109 %103 %104
+        %103 = OpLabel
+        %111 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+        %112 = OpLoad %79 %111
+        %114 = OpAccessChain %113 %90 %53
+        %115 = OpLoad %78 %114
+        %116 = OpVectorTimesScalar %79 %112 %115
+        %117 = OpConvertFToU %13 %116
+        %118 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 0
+        %119 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 1
+        %120 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 2
+        %121 = OpCompositeConstruct %77 %118 %119 %120 %16
+        %122 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+        %123 = OpLoad %77 %122
+        %124 = OpIAdd %77 %123 %121
+        %125 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %125 %124
+               OpBranch %105
+        %105 = OpLabel
+        %126 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %127 = OpIAdd %24 %126 %73
+               OpStore %101 %127
+               OpBranch %102
+        %104 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+        %129 = OpLoad %25 %128
+        %131 = OpImageRead %38 %129 %130
+        %132 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %131 0
+        %133 = OpConvertSToF %78 %132
+        %134 = OpCompositeConstruct %79 %133 %133 %133
+        %135 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+               OpStore %135 %134
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %15 %110
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %6 "f1("
+               OpName %8 "f2("
+               OpName %12 "x"
+               OpName %15 "gl_GlobalInvocationID"
+               OpName %20 "z"
+               OpName %26 "i"
+               OpName %40 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %40 0 "o_uv4"
+               OpMemberName %40 1 "o_v3"
+               OpMemberName %40 2 "o_i"
+               OpName %42 ""
+               OpName %63 "image2"
+               OpName %79 "image"
+               OpName %89 "i"
+               OpName %110 "gl_LocalInvocationID"
+               OpName %127 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %127 0 "i_u"
+               OpMemberName %127 1 "i_v4"
+               OpMemberName %127 2 "i_f"
+               OpName %129 ""
+               OpDecorate %15 BuiltIn GlobalInvocationId
+               OpMemberDecorate %40 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %40 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %40 2 Offset 28
+               OpDecorate %40 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %42 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %42 Binding 1
+               OpDecorate %63 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %63 Binding 3
+               OpDecorate %79 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %79 Binding 2
+               OpDecorate %110 BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
+               OpMemberDecorate %127 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %127 1 RowMajor
+               OpMemberDecorate %127 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %127 1 MatrixStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %127 2 Offset 80
+               OpDecorate %127 Block
+               OpDecorate %129 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %129 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %11 = OpTypePointer Function %10
+         %13 = OpTypeVector %10 3
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
+         %16 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Input %10
+         %21 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %24 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %25 = OpTypePointer Function %24
+         %27 = OpConstant %24 0
+         %34 = OpConstant %24 2
+         %35 = OpTypeBool
+         %37 = OpTypeVector %10 4
+         %38 = OpTypeFloat 32
+         %39 = OpTypeVector %38 3
+         %40 = OpTypeStruct %37 %39 %24
+         %41 = OpTypePointer Uniform %40
+         %42 = OpVariable %41 Uniform
+         %46 = OpTypeVector %10 2
+         %48 = OpTypePointer Uniform %37
+         %53 = OpTypePointer Uniform %10
+         %59 = OpConstant %24 1
+         %61 = OpTypeImage %24 2D 0 0 0 2 R32i
+         %62 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %61
+         %63 = OpVariable %62 UniformConstant
+         %69 = OpTypeVector %24 2
+         %71 = OpTypeVector %24 4
+         %74 = OpTypePointer Uniform %24
+         %76 = OpConstant %10 2
+         %77 = OpConstant %10 3400
+         %78 = OpConstant %10 264
+         %79 = OpVariable %62 UniformConstant
+         %96 = OpConstant %24 3
+        %103 = OpConstantComposite %69 %27 %27
+        %107 = OpTypePointer Uniform %38
+        %110 = OpVariable %14 Input
+        %113 = OpTypeVector %38 2
+        %125 = OpTypeVector %38 4
+        %126 = OpTypeMatrix %125 4
+        %127 = OpTypeStruct %10 %126 %38
+        %128 = OpTypePointer Uniform %127
+        %129 = OpVariable %128 Uniform
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+        %123 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+        %124 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %20 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %26 = OpVariable %25 Function
+         %18 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %16
+         %19 = OpLoad %10 %18
+               OpStore %12 %19
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %21
+         %23 = OpLoad %10 %22
+               OpStore %20 %23
+               OpStore %26 %27
+               OpBranch %28
+         %28 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %30 %31 None
+               OpBranch %32
+         %32 = OpLabel
+         %33 = OpLoad %24 %26
+         %36 = OpSLessThan %35 %33 %34
+               OpBranchConditional %36 %29 %30
+         %29 = OpLabel
+         %43 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %44 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %45 = OpIAdd %10 %43 %44
+         %47 = OpCompositeConstruct %46 %45 %45
+         %49 = OpAccessChain %48 %42 %27
+         %50 = OpLoad %37 %49
+         %51 = OpVectorShuffle %46 %50 %50 0 1
+         %52 = OpIAdd %46 %51 %47
+         %54 = OpAccessChain %53 %42 %27 %16
+         %55 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %52 0
+               OpStore %54 %55
+         %56 = OpAccessChain %53 %42 %27 %21
+         %57 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %52 1
+               OpStore %56 %57
+               OpBranch %31
+         %31 = OpLabel
+         %58 = OpLoad %24 %26
+         %60 = OpIAdd %24 %58 %59
+               OpStore %26 %60
+               OpBranch %28
+         %30 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpLoad %61 %63
+         %65 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %66 = OpBitcast %24 %65
+         %67 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %68 = OpBitcast %24 %67
+         %70 = OpCompositeConstruct %69 %66 %68
+         %72 = OpImageRead %71 %64 %70
+         %73 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %72 1
+         %75 = OpAccessChain %74 %42 %34
+               OpStore %75 %73
+               OpMemoryBarrier %76 %77
+               OpControlBarrier %76 %76 %78
+         %80 = OpLoad %61 %79
+         %81 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %82 = OpBitcast %24 %81
+         %83 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %84 = OpBitcast %24 %83
+         %85 = OpCompositeConstruct %69 %82 %84
+         %86 = OpAccessChain %74 %42 %34
+         %87 = OpLoad %24 %86
+         %88 = OpCompositeConstruct %71 %87 %27 %27 %27
+               OpImageWrite %80 %85 %88
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+         %89 = OpVariable %25 Function
+               OpStore %89 %27
+               OpBranch %90
+         %90 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %92 %93 None
+               OpBranch %94
+         %94 = OpLabel
+         %95 = OpLoad %24 %89
+         %97 = OpSLessThan %35 %95 %96
+               OpBranchConditional %97 %91 %92
+         %91 = OpLabel
+         %98 = OpLoad %24 %89
+         %99 = OpIEqual %35 %98 %27
+               OpSelectionMerge %101 None
+               OpBranchConditional %99 %100 %109
+        %100 = OpLabel
+        %102 = OpLoad %61 %63
+        %104 = OpImageRead %71 %102 %103
+        %105 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %104 0
+        %106 = OpConvertSToF %38 %105
+        %108 = OpAccessChain %107 %42 %59 %16
+               OpStore %108 %106
+               OpBranch %101
+        %109 = OpLabel
+        %111 = OpLoad %13 %110
+        %112 = OpConvertUToF %39 %111
+        %114 = OpCompositeExtract %38 %112 0
+        %115 = OpCompositeExtract %38 %112 1
+        %116 = OpCompositeConstruct %113 %114 %115
+        %117 = OpAccessChain %107 %42 %59 %21
+        %118 = OpCompositeExtract %38 %116 0
+               OpStore %117 %118
+        %119 = OpAccessChain %107 %42 %59 %76
+        %120 = OpCompositeExtract %38 %116 1
+               OpStore %119 %120
+               OpBranch %101
+        %101 = OpLabel
+               OpBranch %93
+         %93 = OpLabel
+        %121 = OpLoad %24 %89
+        %122 = OpIAdd %24 %121 %59
+               OpStore %89 %122
+               OpBranch %90
+         %92 = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, LargeFunctionsLargeDiffs) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 138
++; Bound: 190
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+-OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %15
++OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %138 %15
+ OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpName %4 "main"
+ OpName %6 "f1("
+ OpName %8 "f2("
+ OpName %12 "x"
++OpName %138 "gl_GlobalInvocationID"
+ OpName %15 "gl_LocalInvocationID"
+-OpName %20 "y"
++OpName %20 "z"
+ OpName %27 "image"
+-OpName %44 "sum"
++OpName %44 "i"
+-OpName %46 "i"
+-OpName %56 "j"
+ OpName %80 "BufferOut"
+ OpMemberName %80 0 "o_uv4"
+ OpMemberName %80 1 "o_v3"
+ OpMemberName %80 2 "o_i"
+ OpName %82 ""
+ OpName %88 "BufferIn"
+ OpMemberName %88 0 "i_u"
+ OpMemberName %88 1 "i_v4"
+ OpMemberName %88 2 "i_f"
+ OpName %90 ""
+ OpName %101 "i"
+ OpName %128 "image2"
++OpDecorate %138 BuiltIn GlobalInvocationId
+ OpDecorate %15 BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
+ OpDecorate %27 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %27 Binding 2
+ OpMemberDecorate %80 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %80 1 Offset 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %80 2 Offset 28
+ OpDecorate %80 BufferBlock
+ OpDecorate %82 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %82 Binding 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 1 RowMajor
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 1 Offset 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 1 MatrixStride 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 2 Offset 80
+ OpDecorate %88 Block
+ OpDecorate %90 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %90 Binding 0
+ OpDecorate %128 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %128 Binding 3
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %10 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %11 = OpTypePointer Function %10
+ %13 = OpTypeVector %10 3
+ %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
++%138 = OpVariable %14 Input
+ %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
+ %16 = OpConstant %10 0
+ %17 = OpTypePointer Input %10
+ %21 = OpConstant %10 1
+ %24 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %25 = OpTypeImage %24 2D 0 0 0 2 R32i
+ %26 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %25
+ %27 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+ %29 = OpTypeVector %10 2
+ %32 = OpTypeVector %24 2
+ %38 = OpTypeVector %24 4
+ %40 = OpConstant %10 2
+ %41 = OpConstant %10 3400
+ %42 = OpConstant %10 264
+ %43 = OpTypePointer Function %24
+ %45 = OpConstant %24 0
++%149 = OpTypePointer Uniform %10
+ %53 = OpConstant %24 2
+ %54 = OpTypeBool
+ %73 = OpConstant %24 1
+ %77 = OpTypeVector %10 4
+ %78 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %79 = OpTypeVector %78 3
+ %80 = OpTypeStruct %77 %79 %24
+ %81 = OpTypePointer Uniform %80
+ %82 = OpVariable %81 Uniform
+ %84 = OpTypePointer Uniform %24
+ %86 = OpTypeVector %78 4
+ %87 = OpTypeMatrix %86 4
+ %88 = OpTypeStruct %10 %87 %78
+ %89 = OpTypePointer Uniform %88
+ %90 = OpVariable %89 Uniform
+-%91 = OpTypePointer Uniform %87
++%179 = OpTypeVector %78 2
+ %94 = OpTypePointer Uniform %77
+ %108 = OpConstant %24 3
+-%110 = OpTypePointer Uniform %79
+ %113 = OpTypePointer Uniform %78
+ %128 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+ %130 = OpConstantComposite %32 %45 %45
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+-%136 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+ %137 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
++%189 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %7 = OpLabel
+ %12 = OpVariable %11 Function
+ %20 = OpVariable %11 Function
+ %44 = OpVariable %43 Function
+-%46 = OpVariable %43 Function
+-%56 = OpVariable %43 Function
+-%18 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %16
++%139 = OpAccessChain %17 %138 %16
+-%19 = OpLoad %10 %18
++%19 = OpLoad %10 %139
+ OpStore %12 %19
+-%22 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %21
++%140 = OpAccessChain %17 %138 %21
+-%23 = OpLoad %10 %22
++%23 = OpLoad %10 %140
+ OpStore %20 %23
+-%28 = OpLoad %25 %27
+-%30 = OpLoad %13 %15
+-%31 = OpVectorShuffle %29 %30 %30 0 1
+-%33 = OpBitcast %32 %31
+-%34 = OpLoad %10 %12
+-%35 = OpLoad %10 %20
+-%36 = OpIAdd %10 %34 %35
+-%37 = OpBitcast %24 %36
+-%39 = OpCompositeConstruct %38 %37 %37 %37 %37
+-OpImageWrite %28 %33 %39
+-OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+-OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+ OpStore %44 %45
+-OpStore %46 %45
+ OpBranch %47
+ %47 = OpLabel
+-OpLoopMerge %49 %50 None
++OpLoopMerge %49 %59 None
+ OpBranch %51
+ %51 = OpLabel
+-%52 = OpLoad %24 %46
++%52 = OpLoad %24 %44
+ %55 = OpSLessThan %54 %52 %53
+ OpBranchConditional %55 %48 %49
+ %48 = OpLabel
+-OpStore %56 %45
+-OpBranch %57
+-%57 = OpLabel
+-OpLoopMerge %59 %60 None
+-OpBranch %61
+-%61 = OpLabel
+-%62 = OpLoad %24 %56
+-%63 = OpSLessThan %54 %62 %53
+-OpBranchConditional %63 %58 %59
+-%58 = OpLabel
+-%64 = OpLoad %25 %27
+-%65 = OpLoad %24 %46
+-%66 = OpLoad %24 %56
+-%67 = OpCompositeConstruct %32 %65 %66
+-%68 = OpImageRead %38 %64 %67
+-%69 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %68 0
+-%70 = OpLoad %24 %44
+-%71 = OpIMul %24 %70 %69
++%141 = OpLoad %10 %12
++%142 = OpLoad %10 %20
++%143 = OpIAdd %10 %141 %142
++%144 = OpCompositeConstruct %29 %143 %143
++%145 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
++%146 = OpLoad %77 %145
++%147 = OpVectorShuffle %29 %146 %146 0 1
++%148 = OpIAdd %29 %147 %144
++%150 = OpAccessChain %149 %82 %45 %16
++%151 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %148 0
+-OpStore %44 %71
++OpStore %150 %151
+-OpBranch %60
+-%60 = OpLabel
+-%72 = OpLoad %24 %56
+-%74 = OpIAdd %24 %72 %73
++%152 = OpAccessChain %149 %82 %45 %21
++%153 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %148 1
+-OpStore %56 %74
++OpStore %152 %153
+-OpBranch %57
++OpBranch %59
+ %59 = OpLabel
+-OpBranch %50
+-%50 = OpLabel
+-%75 = OpLoad %24 %46
++%75 = OpLoad %24 %44
+ %76 = OpIAdd %24 %75 %73
+-OpStore %46 %76
++OpStore %44 %76
+ OpBranch %47
+ %49 = OpLabel
++%154 = OpLoad %25 %128
++%155 = OpLoad %10 %12
++%156 = OpBitcast %24 %155
++%157 = OpLoad %10 %20
++%158 = OpBitcast %24 %157
++%159 = OpCompositeConstruct %32 %156 %158
++%160 = OpImageRead %38 %154 %159
++%161 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %160 1
++%162 = OpAccessChain %84 %82 %53
++OpStore %162 %161
+ OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+ OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+-%83 = OpLoad %24 %44
++%163 = OpLoad %25 %27
++%164 = OpLoad %10 %20
++%165 = OpBitcast %24 %164
++%166 = OpLoad %10 %12
++%167 = OpBitcast %24 %166
++%168 = OpCompositeConstruct %32 %165 %167
+ %85 = OpAccessChain %84 %82 %53
+-OpStore %85 %83
++%169 = OpLoad %24 %85
++%170 = OpCompositeConstruct %38 %169 %45 %45 %45
++OpImageWrite %163 %168 %170
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %9 = OpLabel
+ %101 = OpVariable %43 Function
+-%92 = OpAccessChain %91 %90 %73
+-%93 = OpLoad %87 %92
+-%95 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+-%96 = OpLoad %77 %95
+-%97 = OpConvertUToF %86 %96
+-%98 = OpMatrixTimesVector %86 %93 %97
+-%99 = OpConvertFToU %77 %98
+-%100 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+-OpStore %100 %99
++OpStore %101 %45
+-OpStore %101 %45
+ OpBranch %102
+ %102 = OpLabel
+-OpLoopMerge %104 %105 None
++OpLoopMerge %171 %172 None
+ OpBranch %106
+ %106 = OpLabel
+ %107 = OpLoad %24 %101
+ %109 = OpSLessThan %54 %107 %108
+-OpBranchConditional %109 %103 %104
++OpBranchConditional %109 %103 %171
+ %103 = OpLabel
+-%111 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+-%112 = OpLoad %79 %111
+-%114 = OpAccessChain %113 %90 %53
+-%115 = OpLoad %78 %114
+-%116 = OpVectorTimesScalar %79 %112 %115
+-%117 = OpConvertFToU %13 %116
+-%118 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 0
+-%119 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 1
+-%120 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 2
+-%121 = OpCompositeConstruct %77 %118 %119 %120 %16
+-%122 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+-%123 = OpLoad %77 %122
+-%124 = OpIAdd %77 %123 %121
+-%125 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+-OpStore %125 %124
+-OpBranch %105
+-%105 = OpLabel
+ %126 = OpLoad %24 %101
+-%127 = OpIAdd %24 %126 %73
++%173 = OpIEqual %54 %126 %45
++OpSelectionMerge %174 None
++OpBranchConditional %173 %104 %176
++%176 = OpLabel
++%177 = OpLoad %13 %15
++%178 = OpConvertUToF %79 %177
++%180 = OpCompositeExtract %78 %178 0
++%181 = OpCompositeExtract %78 %178 1
++%182 = OpCompositeConstruct %179 %180 %181
++%183 = OpAccessChain %113 %82 %73 %21
++%184 = OpCompositeExtract %78 %182 0
+-OpStore %101 %127
++OpStore %183 %184
++%185 = OpAccessChain %113 %82 %73 %40
++%186 = OpCompositeExtract %78 %182 1
++OpStore %185 %186
+-OpBranch %102
++OpBranch %174
+ %104 = OpLabel
+-OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+-OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+ %129 = OpLoad %25 %128
+ %131 = OpImageRead %38 %129 %130
+ %132 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %131 0
+ %133 = OpConvertSToF %78 %132
+-%134 = OpCompositeConstruct %79 %133 %133 %133
+-%135 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
++%175 = OpAccessChain %113 %82 %73 %16
+-OpStore %135 %134
++OpStore %175 %133
++OpBranch %174
++%174 = OpLabel
++OpBranch %172
++%172 = OpLabel
++%187 = OpLoad %24 %101
++%188 = OpIAdd %24 %187 %73
++OpStore %101 %188
++OpBranch %102
++%171 = OpLabel
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, LargeFunctionsLargeDiffsNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %15
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %15 BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
+               OpDecorate %27 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %27 Binding 2
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 2 Offset 28
+               OpDecorate %80 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %82 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %82 Binding 1
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 RowMajor
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 MatrixStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 2 Offset 80
+               OpDecorate %88 Block
+               OpDecorate %90 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %90 Binding 0
+               OpDecorate %128 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %128 Binding 3
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %11 = OpTypePointer Function %10
+         %13 = OpTypeVector %10 3
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
+         %16 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Input %10
+         %21 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %24 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %25 = OpTypeImage %24 2D 0 0 0 2 R32i
+         %26 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %25
+         %27 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+         %29 = OpTypeVector %10 2
+         %32 = OpTypeVector %24 2
+         %38 = OpTypeVector %24 4
+         %40 = OpConstant %10 2
+         %41 = OpConstant %10 3400
+         %42 = OpConstant %10 264
+         %43 = OpTypePointer Function %24
+         %45 = OpConstant %24 0
+         %53 = OpConstant %24 2
+         %54 = OpTypeBool
+         %73 = OpConstant %24 1
+         %77 = OpTypeVector %10 4
+         %78 = OpTypeFloat 32
+         %79 = OpTypeVector %78 3
+         %80 = OpTypeStruct %77 %79 %24
+         %81 = OpTypePointer Uniform %80
+         %82 = OpVariable %81 Uniform
+         %84 = OpTypePointer Uniform %24
+         %86 = OpTypeVector %78 4
+         %87 = OpTypeMatrix %86 4
+         %88 = OpTypeStruct %10 %87 %78
+         %89 = OpTypePointer Uniform %88
+         %90 = OpVariable %89 Uniform
+         %91 = OpTypePointer Uniform %87
+         %94 = OpTypePointer Uniform %77
+        %108 = OpConstant %24 3
+        %110 = OpTypePointer Uniform %79
+        %113 = OpTypePointer Uniform %78
+        %128 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+        %130 = OpConstantComposite %32 %45 %45
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+        %136 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+        %137 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %20 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %44 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %46 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %56 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %18 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %16
+         %19 = OpLoad %10 %18
+               OpStore %12 %19
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %21
+         %23 = OpLoad %10 %22
+               OpStore %20 %23
+         %28 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %30 = OpLoad %13 %15
+         %31 = OpVectorShuffle %29 %30 %30 0 1
+         %33 = OpBitcast %32 %31
+         %34 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %35 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %36 = OpIAdd %10 %34 %35
+         %37 = OpBitcast %24 %36
+         %39 = OpCompositeConstruct %38 %37 %37 %37 %37
+               OpImageWrite %28 %33 %39
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+               OpStore %44 %45
+               OpStore %46 %45
+               OpBranch %47
+         %47 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %49 %50 None
+               OpBranch %51
+         %51 = OpLabel
+         %52 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %55 = OpSLessThan %54 %52 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %55 %48 %49
+         %48 = OpLabel
+               OpStore %56 %45
+               OpBranch %57
+         %57 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %59 %60 None
+               OpBranch %61
+         %61 = OpLabel
+         %62 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %63 = OpSLessThan %54 %62 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %63 %58 %59
+         %58 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %65 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %66 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %67 = OpCompositeConstruct %32 %65 %66
+         %68 = OpImageRead %38 %64 %67
+         %69 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %68 0
+         %70 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %71 = OpIMul %24 %70 %69
+               OpStore %44 %71
+               OpBranch %60
+         %60 = OpLabel
+         %72 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %74 = OpIAdd %24 %72 %73
+               OpStore %56 %74
+               OpBranch %57
+         %59 = OpLabel
+               OpBranch %50
+         %50 = OpLabel
+         %75 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %76 = OpIAdd %24 %75 %73
+               OpStore %46 %76
+               OpBranch %47
+         %49 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+         %83 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %85 = OpAccessChain %84 %82 %53
+               OpStore %85 %83
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+        %101 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %92 = OpAccessChain %91 %90 %73
+         %93 = OpLoad %87 %92
+         %95 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+         %96 = OpLoad %77 %95
+         %97 = OpConvertUToF %86 %96
+         %98 = OpMatrixTimesVector %86 %93 %97
+         %99 = OpConvertFToU %77 %98
+        %100 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %100 %99
+               OpStore %101 %45
+               OpBranch %102
+        %102 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %104 %105 None
+               OpBranch %106
+        %106 = OpLabel
+        %107 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %109 = OpSLessThan %54 %107 %108
+               OpBranchConditional %109 %103 %104
+        %103 = OpLabel
+        %111 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+        %112 = OpLoad %79 %111
+        %114 = OpAccessChain %113 %90 %53
+        %115 = OpLoad %78 %114
+        %116 = OpVectorTimesScalar %79 %112 %115
+        %117 = OpConvertFToU %13 %116
+        %118 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 0
+        %119 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 1
+        %120 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 2
+        %121 = OpCompositeConstruct %77 %118 %119 %120 %16
+        %122 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+        %123 = OpLoad %77 %122
+        %124 = OpIAdd %77 %123 %121
+        %125 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %125 %124
+               OpBranch %105
+        %105 = OpLabel
+        %126 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %127 = OpIAdd %24 %126 %73
+               OpStore %101 %127
+               OpBranch %102
+        %104 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+        %129 = OpLoad %25 %128
+        %131 = OpImageRead %38 %129 %130
+        %132 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %131 0
+        %133 = OpConvertSToF %78 %132
+        %134 = OpCompositeConstruct %79 %133 %133 %133
+        %135 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+               OpStore %135 %134
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %15 %110
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %15 BuiltIn GlobalInvocationId
+               OpMemberDecorate %40 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %40 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %40 2 Offset 28
+               OpDecorate %40 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %42 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %42 Binding 1
+               OpDecorate %63 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %63 Binding 3
+               OpDecorate %79 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %79 Binding 2
+               OpDecorate %110 BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
+               OpMemberDecorate %127 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %127 1 RowMajor
+               OpMemberDecorate %127 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %127 1 MatrixStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %127 2 Offset 80
+               OpDecorate %127 Block
+               OpDecorate %129 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %129 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %11 = OpTypePointer Function %10
+         %13 = OpTypeVector %10 3
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
+         %16 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Input %10
+         %21 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %24 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %25 = OpTypePointer Function %24
+         %27 = OpConstant %24 0
+         %34 = OpConstant %24 2
+         %35 = OpTypeBool
+         %37 = OpTypeVector %10 4
+         %38 = OpTypeFloat 32
+         %39 = OpTypeVector %38 3
+         %40 = OpTypeStruct %37 %39 %24
+         %41 = OpTypePointer Uniform %40
+         %42 = OpVariable %41 Uniform
+         %46 = OpTypeVector %10 2
+         %48 = OpTypePointer Uniform %37
+         %53 = OpTypePointer Uniform %10
+         %59 = OpConstant %24 1
+         %61 = OpTypeImage %24 2D 0 0 0 2 R32i
+         %62 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %61
+         %63 = OpVariable %62 UniformConstant
+         %69 = OpTypeVector %24 2
+         %71 = OpTypeVector %24 4
+         %74 = OpTypePointer Uniform %24
+         %76 = OpConstant %10 2
+         %77 = OpConstant %10 3400
+         %78 = OpConstant %10 264
+         %79 = OpVariable %62 UniformConstant
+         %96 = OpConstant %24 3
+        %103 = OpConstantComposite %69 %27 %27
+        %107 = OpTypePointer Uniform %38
+        %110 = OpVariable %14 Input
+        %113 = OpTypeVector %38 2
+        %125 = OpTypeVector %38 4
+        %126 = OpTypeMatrix %125 4
+        %127 = OpTypeStruct %10 %126 %38
+        %128 = OpTypePointer Uniform %127
+        %129 = OpVariable %128 Uniform
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+        %123 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+        %124 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %20 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %26 = OpVariable %25 Function
+         %18 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %16
+         %19 = OpLoad %10 %18
+               OpStore %12 %19
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %21
+         %23 = OpLoad %10 %22
+               OpStore %20 %23
+               OpStore %26 %27
+               OpBranch %28
+         %28 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %30 %31 None
+               OpBranch %32
+         %32 = OpLabel
+         %33 = OpLoad %24 %26
+         %36 = OpSLessThan %35 %33 %34
+               OpBranchConditional %36 %29 %30
+         %29 = OpLabel
+         %43 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %44 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %45 = OpIAdd %10 %43 %44
+         %47 = OpCompositeConstruct %46 %45 %45
+         %49 = OpAccessChain %48 %42 %27
+         %50 = OpLoad %37 %49
+         %51 = OpVectorShuffle %46 %50 %50 0 1
+         %52 = OpIAdd %46 %51 %47
+         %54 = OpAccessChain %53 %42 %27 %16
+         %55 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %52 0
+               OpStore %54 %55
+         %56 = OpAccessChain %53 %42 %27 %21
+         %57 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %52 1
+               OpStore %56 %57
+               OpBranch %31
+         %31 = OpLabel
+         %58 = OpLoad %24 %26
+         %60 = OpIAdd %24 %58 %59
+               OpStore %26 %60
+               OpBranch %28
+         %30 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpLoad %61 %63
+         %65 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %66 = OpBitcast %24 %65
+         %67 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %68 = OpBitcast %24 %67
+         %70 = OpCompositeConstruct %69 %66 %68
+         %72 = OpImageRead %71 %64 %70
+         %73 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %72 1
+         %75 = OpAccessChain %74 %42 %34
+               OpStore %75 %73
+               OpMemoryBarrier %76 %77
+               OpControlBarrier %76 %76 %78
+         %80 = OpLoad %61 %79
+         %81 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %82 = OpBitcast %24 %81
+         %83 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %84 = OpBitcast %24 %83
+         %85 = OpCompositeConstruct %69 %82 %84
+         %86 = OpAccessChain %74 %42 %34
+         %87 = OpLoad %24 %86
+         %88 = OpCompositeConstruct %71 %87 %27 %27 %27
+               OpImageWrite %80 %85 %88
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+         %89 = OpVariable %25 Function
+               OpStore %89 %27
+               OpBranch %90
+         %90 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %92 %93 None
+               OpBranch %94
+         %94 = OpLabel
+         %95 = OpLoad %24 %89
+         %97 = OpSLessThan %35 %95 %96
+               OpBranchConditional %97 %91 %92
+         %91 = OpLabel
+         %98 = OpLoad %24 %89
+         %99 = OpIEqual %35 %98 %27
+               OpSelectionMerge %101 None
+               OpBranchConditional %99 %100 %109
+        %100 = OpLabel
+        %102 = OpLoad %61 %63
+        %104 = OpImageRead %71 %102 %103
+        %105 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %104 0
+        %106 = OpConvertSToF %38 %105
+        %108 = OpAccessChain %107 %42 %59 %16
+               OpStore %108 %106
+               OpBranch %101
+        %109 = OpLabel
+        %111 = OpLoad %13 %110
+        %112 = OpConvertUToF %39 %111
+        %114 = OpCompositeExtract %38 %112 0
+        %115 = OpCompositeExtract %38 %112 1
+        %116 = OpCompositeConstruct %113 %114 %115
+        %117 = OpAccessChain %107 %42 %59 %21
+        %118 = OpCompositeExtract %38 %116 0
+               OpStore %117 %118
+        %119 = OpAccessChain %107 %42 %59 %76
+        %120 = OpCompositeExtract %38 %116 1
+               OpStore %119 %120
+               OpBranch %101
+        %101 = OpLabel
+               OpBranch %93
+         %93 = OpLabel
+        %121 = OpLoad %24 %89
+        %122 = OpIAdd %24 %121 %59
+               OpStore %89 %122
+               OpBranch %90
+         %92 = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 138
++; Bound: 220
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+-OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %15
++OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %143 %15
+ OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+ OpSource ESSL 310
++OpDecorate %143 BuiltIn GlobalInvocationId
+ OpDecorate %15 BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
+ OpDecorate %27 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %27 Binding 2
+ OpMemberDecorate %80 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %80 1 Offset 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %80 2 Offset 28
+ OpDecorate %80 BufferBlock
+ OpDecorate %82 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %82 Binding 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 1 RowMajor
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 1 Offset 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 1 MatrixStride 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 2 Offset 80
+ OpDecorate %88 Block
+ OpDecorate %90 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %90 Binding 0
+ OpDecorate %128 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %128 Binding 3
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %10 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %11 = OpTypePointer Function %10
+ %13 = OpTypeVector %10 3
+ %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
++%143 = OpVariable %14 Input
+ %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
+ %16 = OpConstant %10 0
+ %17 = OpTypePointer Input %10
+ %21 = OpConstant %10 1
+ %24 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %25 = OpTypeImage %24 2D 0 0 0 2 R32i
+ %26 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %25
+ %27 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+ %29 = OpTypeVector %10 2
+ %32 = OpTypeVector %24 2
+ %38 = OpTypeVector %24 4
+ %40 = OpConstant %10 2
+ %41 = OpConstant %10 3400
+ %42 = OpConstant %10 264
+ %43 = OpTypePointer Function %24
+ %45 = OpConstant %24 0
++%165 = OpTypePointer Uniform %10
+ %53 = OpConstant %24 2
+ %54 = OpTypeBool
+ %73 = OpConstant %24 1
+ %77 = OpTypeVector %10 4
+ %78 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %79 = OpTypeVector %78 3
+ %80 = OpTypeStruct %77 %79 %24
+ %81 = OpTypePointer Uniform %80
+ %82 = OpVariable %81 Uniform
+ %84 = OpTypePointer Uniform %24
+ %86 = OpTypeVector %78 4
+ %87 = OpTypeMatrix %86 4
+ %88 = OpTypeStruct %10 %87 %78
+ %89 = OpTypePointer Uniform %88
+ %90 = OpVariable %89 Uniform
+-%91 = OpTypePointer Uniform %87
++%210 = OpTypeVector %78 2
+ %94 = OpTypePointer Uniform %77
+ %108 = OpConstant %24 3
+-%110 = OpTypePointer Uniform %79
+ %113 = OpTypePointer Uniform %78
+ %128 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+ %130 = OpConstantComposite %32 %45 %45
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+-%136 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
++%136 = OpFunctionCall %2 %140
+-%137 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
++%137 = OpFunctionCall %2 %138
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+-%6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+-%7 = OpLabel
+-%12 = OpVariable %11 Function
+-%20 = OpVariable %11 Function
+-%44 = OpVariable %43 Function
+-%46 = OpVariable %43 Function
+-%56 = OpVariable %43 Function
+-%18 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %16
+-%19 = OpLoad %10 %18
+-OpStore %12 %19
+-%22 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %21
+-%23 = OpLoad %10 %22
+-OpStore %20 %23
+-%28 = OpLoad %25 %27
+-%30 = OpLoad %13 %15
+-%31 = OpVectorShuffle %29 %30 %30 0 1
+-%33 = OpBitcast %32 %31
+-%34 = OpLoad %10 %12
+-%35 = OpLoad %10 %20
+-%36 = OpIAdd %10 %34 %35
+-%37 = OpBitcast %24 %36
+-%39 = OpCompositeConstruct %38 %37 %37 %37 %37
+-OpImageWrite %28 %33 %39
+-OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+-OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+-OpStore %44 %45
+-OpStore %46 %45
+-OpBranch %47
+-%47 = OpLabel
+-OpLoopMerge %49 %50 None
+-OpBranch %51
+-%51 = OpLabel
+-%52 = OpLoad %24 %46
+-%55 = OpSLessThan %54 %52 %53
+-OpBranchConditional %55 %48 %49
+-%48 = OpLabel
+-OpStore %56 %45
+-OpBranch %57
+-%57 = OpLabel
+-OpLoopMerge %59 %60 None
+-OpBranch %61
+-%61 = OpLabel
+-%62 = OpLoad %24 %56
+-%63 = OpSLessThan %54 %62 %53
+-OpBranchConditional %63 %58 %59
+-%58 = OpLabel
+-%64 = OpLoad %25 %27
+-%65 = OpLoad %24 %46
+-%66 = OpLoad %24 %56
+-%67 = OpCompositeConstruct %32 %65 %66
+-%68 = OpImageRead %38 %64 %67
+-%69 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %68 0
+-%70 = OpLoad %24 %44
+-%71 = OpIMul %24 %70 %69
+-OpStore %44 %71
+-OpBranch %60
+-%60 = OpLabel
+-%72 = OpLoad %24 %56
+-%74 = OpIAdd %24 %72 %73
+-OpStore %56 %74
+-OpBranch %57
+-%59 = OpLabel
+-OpBranch %50
+-%50 = OpLabel
+-%75 = OpLoad %24 %46
+-%76 = OpIAdd %24 %75 %73
+-OpStore %46 %76
+-OpBranch %47
+-%49 = OpLabel
+-OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+-OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+-%83 = OpLoad %24 %44
+-%85 = OpAccessChain %84 %82 %53
+-OpStore %85 %83
+-OpReturn
+-OpFunctionEnd
+-%8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+-%9 = OpLabel
+-%101 = OpVariable %43 Function
+-%92 = OpAccessChain %91 %90 %73
+-%93 = OpLoad %87 %92
+-%95 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+-%96 = OpLoad %77 %95
+-%97 = OpConvertUToF %86 %96
+-%98 = OpMatrixTimesVector %86 %93 %97
+-%99 = OpConvertFToU %77 %98
+-%100 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+-OpStore %100 %99
+-OpStore %101 %45
+-OpBranch %102
+-%102 = OpLabel
+-OpLoopMerge %104 %105 None
+-OpBranch %106
+-%106 = OpLabel
+-%107 = OpLoad %24 %101
+-%109 = OpSLessThan %54 %107 %108
+-OpBranchConditional %109 %103 %104
+-%103 = OpLabel
+-%111 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+-%112 = OpLoad %79 %111
+-%114 = OpAccessChain %113 %90 %53
+-%115 = OpLoad %78 %114
+-%116 = OpVectorTimesScalar %79 %112 %115
+-%117 = OpConvertFToU %13 %116
+-%118 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 0
+-%119 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 1
+-%120 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 2
+-%121 = OpCompositeConstruct %77 %118 %119 %120 %16
+-%122 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+-%123 = OpLoad %77 %122
+-%124 = OpIAdd %77 %123 %121
+-%125 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+-OpStore %125 %124
+-OpBranch %105
+-%105 = OpLabel
+-%126 = OpLoad %24 %101
+-%127 = OpIAdd %24 %126 %73
+-OpStore %101 %127
+-OpBranch %102
+-%104 = OpLabel
+-OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+-OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+-%129 = OpLoad %25 %128
+-%131 = OpImageRead %38 %129 %130
+-%132 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %131 0
+-%133 = OpConvertSToF %78 %132
+-%134 = OpCompositeConstruct %79 %133 %133 %133
+-%135 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+-OpStore %135 %134
+-OpReturn
+-OpFunctionEnd
++%138 = OpFunction %2 None %3
++%139 = OpLabel
++%142 = OpVariable %11 Function
++%146 = OpVariable %11 Function
++%149 = OpVariable %43 Function
++%144 = OpAccessChain %17 %143 %16
++%145 = OpLoad %10 %144
++OpStore %142 %145
++%147 = OpAccessChain %17 %143 %21
++%148 = OpLoad %10 %147
++OpStore %146 %148
++OpStore %149 %45
++OpBranch %150
++%150 = OpLabel
++OpLoopMerge %152 %153 None
++OpBranch %154
++%154 = OpLabel
++%155 = OpLoad %24 %149
++%156 = OpSLessThan %54 %155 %53
++OpBranchConditional %156 %151 %152
++%151 = OpLabel
++%157 = OpLoad %10 %142
++%158 = OpLoad %10 %146
++%159 = OpIAdd %10 %157 %158
++%160 = OpCompositeConstruct %29 %159 %159
++%161 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
++%162 = OpLoad %77 %161
++%163 = OpVectorShuffle %29 %162 %162 0 1
++%164 = OpIAdd %29 %163 %160
++%166 = OpAccessChain %165 %82 %45 %16
++%167 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %164 0
++OpStore %166 %167
++%168 = OpAccessChain %165 %82 %45 %21
++%169 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %164 1
++OpStore %168 %169
++OpBranch %153
++%153 = OpLabel
++%170 = OpLoad %24 %149
++%171 = OpIAdd %24 %170 %73
++OpStore %149 %171
++OpBranch %150
++%152 = OpLabel
++%172 = OpLoad %25 %128
++%173 = OpLoad %10 %142
++%174 = OpBitcast %24 %173
++%175 = OpLoad %10 %146
++%176 = OpBitcast %24 %175
++%177 = OpCompositeConstruct %32 %174 %176
++%178 = OpImageRead %38 %172 %177
++%179 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %178 1
++%180 = OpAccessChain %84 %82 %53
++OpStore %180 %179
++OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
++OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
++%181 = OpLoad %25 %27
++%182 = OpLoad %10 %146
++%183 = OpBitcast %24 %182
++%184 = OpLoad %10 %142
++%185 = OpBitcast %24 %184
++%186 = OpCompositeConstruct %32 %183 %185
++%187 = OpAccessChain %84 %82 %53
++%188 = OpLoad %24 %187
++%189 = OpCompositeConstruct %38 %188 %45 %45 %45
++OpImageWrite %181 %186 %189
++OpReturn
++OpFunctionEnd
++%140 = OpFunction %2 None %3
++%141 = OpLabel
++%190 = OpVariable %43 Function
++OpStore %190 %45
++OpBranch %191
++%191 = OpLabel
++OpLoopMerge %193 %194 None
++OpBranch %195
++%195 = OpLabel
++%196 = OpLoad %24 %190
++%197 = OpSLessThan %54 %196 %108
++OpBranchConditional %197 %192 %193
++%192 = OpLabel
++%198 = OpLoad %24 %190
++%199 = OpIEqual %54 %198 %45
++OpSelectionMerge %201 None
++OpBranchConditional %199 %200 %207
++%207 = OpLabel
++%208 = OpLoad %13 %15
++%209 = OpConvertUToF %79 %208
++%211 = OpCompositeExtract %78 %209 0
++%212 = OpCompositeExtract %78 %209 1
++%213 = OpCompositeConstruct %210 %211 %212
++%214 = OpAccessChain %113 %82 %73 %21
++%215 = OpCompositeExtract %78 %213 0
++OpStore %214 %215
++%216 = OpAccessChain %113 %82 %73 %40
++%217 = OpCompositeExtract %78 %213 1
++OpStore %216 %217
++OpBranch %201
++%200 = OpLabel
++%202 = OpLoad %25 %128
++%203 = OpImageRead %38 %202 %130
++%204 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %203 0
++%205 = OpConvertSToF %78 %204
++%206 = OpAccessChain %113 %82 %73 %16
++OpStore %206 %205
++OpBranch %201
++%201 = OpLabel
++OpBranch %194
++%194 = OpLabel
++%218 = OpLoad %24 %190
++%219 = OpIAdd %24 %218 %73
++OpStore %190 %219
++OpBranch %191
++%193 = OpLabel
++OpReturn
++OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_large_diffs_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_large_diffs_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be7c1d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_large_diffs_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %15 %110
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %6 "f1("
+               OpName %8 "f2("
+               OpName %12 "x"
+               OpName %15 "gl_GlobalInvocationID"
+               OpName %20 "z"
+               OpName %26 "i"
+               OpName %40 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %40 0 "o_uv4"
+               OpMemberName %40 1 "o_v3"
+               OpMemberName %40 2 "o_i"
+               OpName %42 ""
+               OpName %63 "image2"
+               OpName %79 "image"
+               OpName %89 "i"
+               OpName %110 "gl_LocalInvocationID"
+               OpName %127 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %127 0 "i_u"
+               OpMemberName %127 1 "i_v4"
+               OpMemberName %127 2 "i_f"
+               OpName %129 ""
+               OpDecorate %15 BuiltIn GlobalInvocationId
+               OpMemberDecorate %40 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %40 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %40 2 Offset 28
+               OpDecorate %40 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %42 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %42 Binding 1
+               OpDecorate %63 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %63 Binding 3
+               OpDecorate %79 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %79 Binding 2
+               OpDecorate %110 BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
+               OpMemberDecorate %127 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %127 1 RowMajor
+               OpMemberDecorate %127 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %127 1 MatrixStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %127 2 Offset 80
+               OpDecorate %127 Block
+               OpDecorate %129 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %129 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %11 = OpTypePointer Function %10
+         %13 = OpTypeVector %10 3
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
+         %16 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Input %10
+         %21 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %24 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %25 = OpTypePointer Function %24
+         %27 = OpConstant %24 0
+         %34 = OpConstant %24 2
+         %35 = OpTypeBool
+         %37 = OpTypeVector %10 4
+         %38 = OpTypeFloat 32
+         %39 = OpTypeVector %38 3
+         %40 = OpTypeStruct %37 %39 %24
+         %41 = OpTypePointer Uniform %40
+         %42 = OpVariable %41 Uniform
+         %46 = OpTypeVector %10 2
+         %48 = OpTypePointer Uniform %37
+         %53 = OpTypePointer Uniform %10
+         %59 = OpConstant %24 1
+         %61 = OpTypeImage %24 2D 0 0 0 2 R32i
+         %62 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %61
+         %63 = OpVariable %62 UniformConstant
+         %69 = OpTypeVector %24 2
+         %71 = OpTypeVector %24 4
+         %74 = OpTypePointer Uniform %24
+         %76 = OpConstant %10 2
+         %77 = OpConstant %10 3400
+         %78 = OpConstant %10 264
+         %79 = OpVariable %62 UniformConstant
+         %96 = OpConstant %24 3
+        %103 = OpConstantComposite %69 %27 %27
+        %107 = OpTypePointer Uniform %38
+        %110 = OpVariable %14 Input
+        %113 = OpTypeVector %38 2
+        %125 = OpTypeVector %38 4
+        %126 = OpTypeMatrix %125 4
+        %127 = OpTypeStruct %10 %126 %38
+        %128 = OpTypePointer Uniform %127
+        %129 = OpVariable %128 Uniform
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+        %123 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+        %124 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %20 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %26 = OpVariable %25 Function
+         %18 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %16
+         %19 = OpLoad %10 %18
+               OpStore %12 %19
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %21
+         %23 = OpLoad %10 %22
+               OpStore %20 %23
+               OpStore %26 %27
+               OpBranch %28
+         %28 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %30 %31 None
+               OpBranch %32
+         %32 = OpLabel
+         %33 = OpLoad %24 %26
+         %36 = OpSLessThan %35 %33 %34
+               OpBranchConditional %36 %29 %30
+         %29 = OpLabel
+         %43 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %44 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %45 = OpIAdd %10 %43 %44
+         %47 = OpCompositeConstruct %46 %45 %45
+         %49 = OpAccessChain %48 %42 %27
+         %50 = OpLoad %37 %49
+         %51 = OpVectorShuffle %46 %50 %50 0 1
+         %52 = OpIAdd %46 %51 %47
+         %54 = OpAccessChain %53 %42 %27 %16
+         %55 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %52 0
+               OpStore %54 %55
+         %56 = OpAccessChain %53 %42 %27 %21
+         %57 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %52 1
+               OpStore %56 %57
+               OpBranch %31
+         %31 = OpLabel
+         %58 = OpLoad %24 %26
+         %60 = OpIAdd %24 %58 %59
+               OpStore %26 %60
+               OpBranch %28
+         %30 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpLoad %61 %63
+         %65 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %66 = OpBitcast %24 %65
+         %67 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %68 = OpBitcast %24 %67
+         %70 = OpCompositeConstruct %69 %66 %68
+         %72 = OpImageRead %71 %64 %70
+         %73 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %72 1
+         %75 = OpAccessChain %74 %42 %34
+               OpStore %75 %73
+               OpMemoryBarrier %76 %77
+               OpControlBarrier %76 %76 %78
+         %80 = OpLoad %61 %79
+         %81 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %82 = OpBitcast %24 %81
+         %83 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %84 = OpBitcast %24 %83
+         %85 = OpCompositeConstruct %69 %82 %84
+         %86 = OpAccessChain %74 %42 %34
+         %87 = OpLoad %24 %86
+         %88 = OpCompositeConstruct %71 %87 %27 %27 %27
+               OpImageWrite %80 %85 %88
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+         %89 = OpVariable %25 Function
+               OpStore %89 %27
+               OpBranch %90
+         %90 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %92 %93 None
+               OpBranch %94
+         %94 = OpLabel
+         %95 = OpLoad %24 %89
+         %97 = OpSLessThan %35 %95 %96
+               OpBranchConditional %97 %91 %92
+         %91 = OpLabel
+         %98 = OpLoad %24 %89
+         %99 = OpIEqual %35 %98 %27
+               OpSelectionMerge %101 None
+               OpBranchConditional %99 %100 %109
+        %100 = OpLabel
+        %102 = OpLoad %61 %63
+        %104 = OpImageRead %71 %102 %103
+        %105 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %104 0
+        %106 = OpConvertSToF %38 %105
+        %108 = OpAccessChain %107 %42 %59 %16
+               OpStore %108 %106
+               OpBranch %101
+        %109 = OpLabel
+        %111 = OpLoad %13 %110
+        %112 = OpConvertUToF %39 %111
+        %114 = OpCompositeExtract %38 %112 0
+        %115 = OpCompositeExtract %38 %112 1
+        %116 = OpCompositeConstruct %113 %114 %115
+        %117 = OpAccessChain %107 %42 %59 %21
+        %118 = OpCompositeExtract %38 %116 0
+               OpStore %117 %118
+        %119 = OpAccessChain %107 %42 %59 %76
+        %120 = OpCompositeExtract %38 %116 1
+               OpStore %119 %120
+               OpBranch %101
+        %101 = OpLabel
+               OpBranch %93
+         %93 = OpLabel
+        %121 = OpLoad %24 %89
+        %122 = OpIAdd %24 %121 %59
+               OpStore %89 %122
+               OpBranch %90
+         %92 = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_large_diffs_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_large_diffs_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f0aa61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_large_diffs_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+;; Test where src and dst have a few large functions with large differences.
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %15
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %6 "f1("
+               OpName %8 "f2("
+               OpName %12 "x"
+               OpName %15 "gl_LocalInvocationID"
+               OpName %20 "y"
+               OpName %27 "image"
+               OpName %44 "sum"
+               OpName %46 "i"
+               OpName %56 "j"
+               OpName %80 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %80 0 "o_uv4"
+               OpMemberName %80 1 "o_v3"
+               OpMemberName %80 2 "o_i"
+               OpName %82 ""
+               OpName %88 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %88 0 "i_u"
+               OpMemberName %88 1 "i_v4"
+               OpMemberName %88 2 "i_f"
+               OpName %90 ""
+               OpName %101 "i"
+               OpName %128 "image2"
+               OpDecorate %15 BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
+               OpDecorate %27 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %27 Binding 2
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 2 Offset 28
+               OpDecorate %80 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %82 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %82 Binding 1
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 RowMajor
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 MatrixStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 2 Offset 80
+               OpDecorate %88 Block
+               OpDecorate %90 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %90 Binding 0
+               OpDecorate %128 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %128 Binding 3
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %11 = OpTypePointer Function %10
+         %13 = OpTypeVector %10 3
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
+         %16 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Input %10
+         %21 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %24 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %25 = OpTypeImage %24 2D 0 0 0 2 R32i
+         %26 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %25
+         %27 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+         %29 = OpTypeVector %10 2
+         %32 = OpTypeVector %24 2
+         %38 = OpTypeVector %24 4
+         %40 = OpConstant %10 2
+         %41 = OpConstant %10 3400
+         %42 = OpConstant %10 264
+         %43 = OpTypePointer Function %24
+         %45 = OpConstant %24 0
+         %53 = OpConstant %24 2
+         %54 = OpTypeBool
+         %73 = OpConstant %24 1
+         %77 = OpTypeVector %10 4
+         %78 = OpTypeFloat 32
+         %79 = OpTypeVector %78 3
+         %80 = OpTypeStruct %77 %79 %24
+         %81 = OpTypePointer Uniform %80
+         %82 = OpVariable %81 Uniform
+         %84 = OpTypePointer Uniform %24
+         %86 = OpTypeVector %78 4
+         %87 = OpTypeMatrix %86 4
+         %88 = OpTypeStruct %10 %87 %78
+         %89 = OpTypePointer Uniform %88
+         %90 = OpVariable %89 Uniform
+         %91 = OpTypePointer Uniform %87
+         %94 = OpTypePointer Uniform %77
+        %108 = OpConstant %24 3
+        %110 = OpTypePointer Uniform %79
+        %113 = OpTypePointer Uniform %78
+        %128 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+        %130 = OpConstantComposite %32 %45 %45
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+        %136 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+        %137 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %20 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %44 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %46 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %56 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %18 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %16
+         %19 = OpLoad %10 %18
+               OpStore %12 %19
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %21
+         %23 = OpLoad %10 %22
+               OpStore %20 %23
+         %28 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %30 = OpLoad %13 %15
+         %31 = OpVectorShuffle %29 %30 %30 0 1
+         %33 = OpBitcast %32 %31
+         %34 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %35 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %36 = OpIAdd %10 %34 %35
+         %37 = OpBitcast %24 %36
+         %39 = OpCompositeConstruct %38 %37 %37 %37 %37
+               OpImageWrite %28 %33 %39
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+               OpStore %44 %45
+               OpStore %46 %45
+               OpBranch %47
+         %47 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %49 %50 None
+               OpBranch %51
+         %51 = OpLabel
+         %52 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %55 = OpSLessThan %54 %52 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %55 %48 %49
+         %48 = OpLabel
+               OpStore %56 %45
+               OpBranch %57
+         %57 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %59 %60 None
+               OpBranch %61
+         %61 = OpLabel
+         %62 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %63 = OpSLessThan %54 %62 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %63 %58 %59
+         %58 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %65 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %66 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %67 = OpCompositeConstruct %32 %65 %66
+         %68 = OpImageRead %38 %64 %67
+         %69 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %68 0
+         %70 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %71 = OpIMul %24 %70 %69
+               OpStore %44 %71
+               OpBranch %60
+         %60 = OpLabel
+         %72 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %74 = OpIAdd %24 %72 %73
+               OpStore %56 %74
+               OpBranch %57
+         %59 = OpLabel
+               OpBranch %50
+         %50 = OpLabel
+         %75 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %76 = OpIAdd %24 %75 %73
+               OpStore %46 %76
+               OpBranch %47
+         %49 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+         %83 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %85 = OpAccessChain %84 %82 %53
+               OpStore %85 %83
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+        %101 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %92 = OpAccessChain %91 %90 %73
+         %93 = OpLoad %87 %92
+         %95 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+         %96 = OpLoad %77 %95
+         %97 = OpConvertUToF %86 %96
+         %98 = OpMatrixTimesVector %86 %93 %97
+         %99 = OpConvertFToU %77 %98
+        %100 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %100 %99
+               OpStore %101 %45
+               OpBranch %102
+        %102 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %104 %105 None
+               OpBranch %106
+        %106 = OpLabel
+        %107 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %109 = OpSLessThan %54 %107 %108
+               OpBranchConditional %109 %103 %104
+        %103 = OpLabel
+        %111 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+        %112 = OpLoad %79 %111
+        %114 = OpAccessChain %113 %90 %53
+        %115 = OpLoad %78 %114
+        %116 = OpVectorTimesScalar %79 %112 %115
+        %117 = OpConvertFToU %13 %116
+        %118 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 0
+        %119 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 1
+        %120 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 2
+        %121 = OpCompositeConstruct %77 %118 %119 %120 %16
+        %122 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+        %123 = OpLoad %77 %122
+        %124 = OpIAdd %77 %123 %121
+        %125 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %125 %124
+               OpBranch %105
+        %105 = OpLabel
+        %126 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %127 = OpIAdd %24 %126 %73
+               OpStore %101 %127
+               OpBranch %102
+        %104 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+        %129 = OpLoad %25 %128
+        %131 = OpImageRead %38 %129 %130
+        %132 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %131 0
+        %133 = OpConvertSToF %78 %132
+        %134 = OpCompositeConstruct %79 %133 %133 %133
+        %135 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+               OpStore %135 %134
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_small_diffs_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_small_diffs_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02838d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_small_diffs_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1364 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Test where src and dst have a few large functions with small differences.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %15
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %6 "f1("
+               OpName %8 "f2("
+               OpName %12 "x"
+               OpName %15 "gl_LocalInvocationID"
+               OpName %20 "y"
+               OpName %27 "image"
+               OpName %44 "sum"
+               OpName %46 "i"
+               OpName %56 "j"
+               OpName %80 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %80 0 "o_uv4"
+               OpMemberName %80 1 "o_v3"
+               OpMemberName %80 2 "o_i"
+               OpName %82 ""
+               OpName %88 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %88 0 "i_u"
+               OpMemberName %88 1 "i_v4"
+               OpMemberName %88 2 "i_f"
+               OpName %90 ""
+               OpName %101 "i"
+               OpDecorate %15 BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
+               OpDecorate %27 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %27 Binding 2
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 2 Offset 28
+               OpDecorate %80 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %82 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %82 Binding 1
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 RowMajor
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 MatrixStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 2 Offset 80
+               OpDecorate %88 Block
+               OpDecorate %90 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %90 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %11 = OpTypePointer Function %10
+         %13 = OpTypeVector %10 3
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
+         %16 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Input %10
+         %21 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %24 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %25 = OpTypeImage %24 2D 0 0 0 2 R32i
+         %26 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %25
+         %27 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+         %29 = OpTypeVector %10 2
+         %32 = OpTypeVector %24 2
+         %38 = OpTypeVector %24 4
+         %40 = OpConstant %10 2
+         %41 = OpConstant %10 3400
+         %42 = OpConstant %10 264
+         %43 = OpTypePointer Function %24
+         %45 = OpConstant %24 0
+         %53 = OpConstant %24 2
+         %54 = OpTypeBool
+         %73 = OpConstant %24 1
+         %77 = OpTypeVector %10 4
+         %78 = OpTypeFloat 32
+         %79 = OpTypeVector %78 3
+         %80 = OpTypeStruct %77 %79 %24
+         %81 = OpTypePointer Uniform %80
+         %82 = OpVariable %81 Uniform
+         %84 = OpTypePointer Uniform %24
+         %86 = OpTypeVector %78 4
+         %87 = OpTypeMatrix %86 4
+         %88 = OpTypeStruct %10 %87 %78
+         %89 = OpTypePointer Uniform %88
+         %90 = OpVariable %89 Uniform
+         %91 = OpTypePointer Uniform %87
+         %94 = OpTypePointer Uniform %77
+        %108 = OpConstant %24 3
+        %110 = OpTypePointer Uniform %79
+        %113 = OpTypePointer Uniform %78
+        %129 = OpConstantComposite %32 %45 %45
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+        %135 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+        %136 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %20 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %44 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %46 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %56 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %18 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %16
+         %19 = OpLoad %10 %18
+               OpStore %12 %19
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %21
+         %23 = OpLoad %10 %22
+               OpStore %20 %23
+         %28 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %30 = OpLoad %13 %15
+         %31 = OpVectorShuffle %29 %30 %30 0 1
+         %33 = OpBitcast %32 %31
+         %34 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %35 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %36 = OpIAdd %10 %34 %35
+         %37 = OpBitcast %24 %36
+         %39 = OpCompositeConstruct %38 %37 %37 %37 %37
+               OpImageWrite %28 %33 %39
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+               OpStore %44 %45
+               OpStore %46 %45
+               OpBranch %47
+         %47 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %49 %50 None
+               OpBranch %51
+         %51 = OpLabel
+         %52 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %55 = OpSLessThan %54 %52 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %55 %48 %49
+         %48 = OpLabel
+               OpStore %56 %45
+               OpBranch %57
+         %57 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %59 %60 None
+               OpBranch %61
+         %61 = OpLabel
+         %62 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %63 = OpSLessThan %54 %62 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %63 %58 %59
+         %58 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %65 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %66 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %67 = OpCompositeConstruct %32 %65 %66
+         %68 = OpImageRead %38 %64 %67
+         %69 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %68 0
+         %70 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %71 = OpIAdd %24 %70 %69
+               OpStore %44 %71
+               OpBranch %60
+         %60 = OpLabel
+         %72 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %74 = OpIAdd %24 %72 %73
+               OpStore %56 %74
+               OpBranch %57
+         %59 = OpLabel
+               OpBranch %50
+         %50 = OpLabel
+         %75 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %76 = OpIAdd %24 %75 %73
+               OpStore %46 %76
+               OpBranch %47
+         %49 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+         %83 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %85 = OpAccessChain %84 %82 %53
+               OpStore %85 %83
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+        %101 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %92 = OpAccessChain %91 %90 %73
+         %93 = OpLoad %87 %92
+         %95 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+         %96 = OpLoad %77 %95
+         %97 = OpConvertUToF %86 %96
+         %98 = OpMatrixTimesVector %86 %93 %97
+         %99 = OpConvertFToU %77 %98
+        %100 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %100 %99
+               OpStore %101 %45
+               OpBranch %102
+        %102 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %104 %105 None
+               OpBranch %106
+        %106 = OpLabel
+        %107 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %109 = OpSLessThan %54 %107 %108
+               OpBranchConditional %109 %103 %104
+        %103 = OpLabel
+        %111 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+        %112 = OpLoad %79 %111
+        %114 = OpAccessChain %113 %90 %53
+        %115 = OpLoad %78 %114
+        %116 = OpVectorTimesScalar %79 %112 %115
+        %117 = OpConvertFToU %13 %116
+        %118 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 0
+        %119 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 1
+        %120 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 2
+        %121 = OpCompositeConstruct %77 %118 %119 %120 %16
+        %122 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+        %123 = OpLoad %77 %122
+        %124 = OpIAdd %77 %123 %121
+        %125 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %125 %124
+               OpBranch %105
+        %105 = OpLabel
+        %126 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %127 = OpIAdd %24 %126 %73
+               OpStore %101 %127
+               OpBranch %102
+        %104 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+        %128 = OpLoad %25 %27
+        %130 = OpImageRead %38 %128 %129
+        %131 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %130 0
+        %132 = OpConvertSToF %78 %131
+        %133 = OpCompositeConstruct %79 %132 %132 %132
+        %134 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+               OpStore %134 %133
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %15
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %6 "f1("
+               OpName %8 "f2("
+               OpName %12 "x"
+               OpName %15 "gl_LocalInvocationID"
+               OpName %20 "y"
+               OpName %27 "image"
+               OpName %44 "sum"
+               OpName %46 "i"
+               OpName %56 "j"
+               OpName %80 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %80 0 "o_uv4"
+               OpMemberName %80 1 "o_v3"
+               OpMemberName %80 2 "o_i"
+               OpName %82 ""
+               OpName %88 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %88 0 "i_u"
+               OpMemberName %88 1 "i_v4"
+               OpMemberName %88 2 "i_f"
+               OpName %90 ""
+               OpName %101 "i"
+               OpName %128 "image2"
+               OpDecorate %15 BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
+               OpDecorate %27 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %27 Binding 2
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 2 Offset 28
+               OpDecorate %80 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %82 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %82 Binding 1
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 RowMajor
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 MatrixStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 2 Offset 80
+               OpDecorate %88 Block
+               OpDecorate %90 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %90 Binding 0
+               OpDecorate %128 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %128 Binding 3
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %11 = OpTypePointer Function %10
+         %13 = OpTypeVector %10 3
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
+         %16 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Input %10
+         %21 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %24 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %25 = OpTypeImage %24 2D 0 0 0 2 R32i
+         %26 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %25
+         %27 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+         %29 = OpTypeVector %10 2
+         %32 = OpTypeVector %24 2
+         %38 = OpTypeVector %24 4
+         %40 = OpConstant %10 2
+         %41 = OpConstant %10 3400
+         %42 = OpConstant %10 264
+         %43 = OpTypePointer Function %24
+         %45 = OpConstant %24 0
+         %53 = OpConstant %24 2
+         %54 = OpTypeBool
+         %73 = OpConstant %24 1
+         %77 = OpTypeVector %10 4
+         %78 = OpTypeFloat 32
+         %79 = OpTypeVector %78 3
+         %80 = OpTypeStruct %77 %79 %24
+         %81 = OpTypePointer Uniform %80
+         %82 = OpVariable %81 Uniform
+         %84 = OpTypePointer Uniform %24
+         %86 = OpTypeVector %78 4
+         %87 = OpTypeMatrix %86 4
+         %88 = OpTypeStruct %10 %87 %78
+         %89 = OpTypePointer Uniform %88
+         %90 = OpVariable %89 Uniform
+         %91 = OpTypePointer Uniform %87
+         %94 = OpTypePointer Uniform %77
+        %108 = OpConstant %24 3
+        %110 = OpTypePointer Uniform %79
+        %113 = OpTypePointer Uniform %78
+        %128 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+        %130 = OpConstantComposite %32 %45 %45
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+        %136 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+        %137 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %20 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %44 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %46 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %56 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %18 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %16
+         %19 = OpLoad %10 %18
+               OpStore %12 %19
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %21
+         %23 = OpLoad %10 %22
+               OpStore %20 %23
+         %28 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %30 = OpLoad %13 %15
+         %31 = OpVectorShuffle %29 %30 %30 0 1
+         %33 = OpBitcast %32 %31
+         %34 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %35 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %36 = OpIAdd %10 %34 %35
+         %37 = OpBitcast %24 %36
+         %39 = OpCompositeConstruct %38 %37 %37 %37 %37
+               OpImageWrite %28 %33 %39
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+               OpStore %44 %45
+               OpStore %46 %45
+               OpBranch %47
+         %47 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %49 %50 None
+               OpBranch %51
+         %51 = OpLabel
+         %52 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %55 = OpSLessThan %54 %52 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %55 %48 %49
+         %48 = OpLabel
+               OpStore %56 %45
+               OpBranch %57
+         %57 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %59 %60 None
+               OpBranch %61
+         %61 = OpLabel
+         %62 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %63 = OpSLessThan %54 %62 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %63 %58 %59
+         %58 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %65 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %66 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %67 = OpCompositeConstruct %32 %65 %66
+         %68 = OpImageRead %38 %64 %67
+         %69 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %68 0
+         %70 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %71 = OpIMul %24 %70 %69
+               OpStore %44 %71
+               OpBranch %60
+         %60 = OpLabel
+         %72 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %74 = OpIAdd %24 %72 %73
+               OpStore %56 %74
+               OpBranch %57
+         %59 = OpLabel
+               OpBranch %50
+         %50 = OpLabel
+         %75 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %76 = OpIAdd %24 %75 %73
+               OpStore %46 %76
+               OpBranch %47
+         %49 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+         %83 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %85 = OpAccessChain %84 %82 %53
+               OpStore %85 %83
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+        %101 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %92 = OpAccessChain %91 %90 %73
+         %93 = OpLoad %87 %92
+         %95 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+         %96 = OpLoad %77 %95
+         %97 = OpConvertUToF %86 %96
+         %98 = OpMatrixTimesVector %86 %93 %97
+         %99 = OpConvertFToU %77 %98
+        %100 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %100 %99
+               OpStore %101 %45
+               OpBranch %102
+        %102 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %104 %105 None
+               OpBranch %106
+        %106 = OpLabel
+        %107 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %109 = OpSLessThan %54 %107 %108
+               OpBranchConditional %109 %103 %104
+        %103 = OpLabel
+        %111 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+        %112 = OpLoad %79 %111
+        %114 = OpAccessChain %113 %90 %53
+        %115 = OpLoad %78 %114
+        %116 = OpVectorTimesScalar %79 %112 %115
+        %117 = OpConvertFToU %13 %116
+        %118 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 0
+        %119 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 1
+        %120 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 2
+        %121 = OpCompositeConstruct %77 %118 %119 %120 %16
+        %122 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+        %123 = OpLoad %77 %122
+        %124 = OpIAdd %77 %123 %121
+        %125 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %125 %124
+               OpBranch %105
+        %105 = OpLabel
+        %126 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %127 = OpIAdd %24 %126 %73
+               OpStore %101 %127
+               OpBranch %102
+        %104 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+        %129 = OpLoad %25 %128
+        %131 = OpImageRead %38 %129 %130
+        %132 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %131 0
+        %133 = OpConvertSToF %78 %132
+        %134 = OpCompositeConstruct %79 %133 %133 %133
+        %135 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+               OpStore %135 %134
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, LargeFunctionsSmallDiffs) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 137
++; Bound: 140
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %15
+ OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpName %4 "main"
+ OpName %6 "f1("
+ OpName %8 "f2("
+ OpName %12 "x"
+ OpName %15 "gl_LocalInvocationID"
+ OpName %20 "y"
+ OpName %27 "image"
+ OpName %44 "sum"
+ OpName %46 "i"
+ OpName %56 "j"
+ OpName %80 "BufferOut"
+ OpMemberName %80 0 "o_uv4"
+ OpMemberName %80 1 "o_v3"
+ OpMemberName %80 2 "o_i"
+ OpName %82 ""
+ OpName %88 "BufferIn"
+ OpMemberName %88 0 "i_u"
+ OpMemberName %88 1 "i_v4"
+ OpMemberName %88 2 "i_f"
+ OpName %90 ""
+ OpName %101 "i"
++OpName %138 "image2"
+ OpDecorate %15 BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
+ OpDecorate %27 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %27 Binding 2
+ OpMemberDecorate %80 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %80 1 Offset 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %80 2 Offset 28
+ OpDecorate %80 BufferBlock
+ OpDecorate %82 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %82 Binding 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 1 RowMajor
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 1 Offset 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 1 MatrixStride 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 2 Offset 80
+ OpDecorate %88 Block
+ OpDecorate %90 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %90 Binding 0
++OpDecorate %138 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %138 Binding 3
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %10 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %11 = OpTypePointer Function %10
+ %13 = OpTypeVector %10 3
+ %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
+ %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
+ %16 = OpConstant %10 0
+ %17 = OpTypePointer Input %10
+ %21 = OpConstant %10 1
+ %24 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %25 = OpTypeImage %24 2D 0 0 0 2 R32i
+ %26 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %25
+ %27 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+ %29 = OpTypeVector %10 2
+ %32 = OpTypeVector %24 2
+ %38 = OpTypeVector %24 4
+ %40 = OpConstant %10 2
+ %41 = OpConstant %10 3400
+ %42 = OpConstant %10 264
+ %43 = OpTypePointer Function %24
+ %45 = OpConstant %24 0
+ %53 = OpConstant %24 2
+ %54 = OpTypeBool
+ %73 = OpConstant %24 1
+ %77 = OpTypeVector %10 4
+ %78 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %79 = OpTypeVector %78 3
+ %80 = OpTypeStruct %77 %79 %24
+ %81 = OpTypePointer Uniform %80
+ %82 = OpVariable %81 Uniform
+ %84 = OpTypePointer Uniform %24
+ %86 = OpTypeVector %78 4
+ %87 = OpTypeMatrix %86 4
+ %88 = OpTypeStruct %10 %87 %78
+ %89 = OpTypePointer Uniform %88
+ %90 = OpVariable %89 Uniform
+ %91 = OpTypePointer Uniform %87
+ %94 = OpTypePointer Uniform %77
+ %108 = OpConstant %24 3
+ %110 = OpTypePointer Uniform %79
+ %113 = OpTypePointer Uniform %78
++%138 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+ %129 = OpConstantComposite %32 %45 %45
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %135 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+ %136 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %7 = OpLabel
+ %12 = OpVariable %11 Function
+ %20 = OpVariable %11 Function
+ %44 = OpVariable %43 Function
+ %46 = OpVariable %43 Function
+ %56 = OpVariable %43 Function
+ %18 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %16
+ %19 = OpLoad %10 %18
+ OpStore %12 %19
+ %22 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %21
+ %23 = OpLoad %10 %22
+ OpStore %20 %23
+ %28 = OpLoad %25 %27
+ %30 = OpLoad %13 %15
+ %31 = OpVectorShuffle %29 %30 %30 0 1
+ %33 = OpBitcast %32 %31
+ %34 = OpLoad %10 %12
+ %35 = OpLoad %10 %20
+ %36 = OpIAdd %10 %34 %35
+ %37 = OpBitcast %24 %36
+ %39 = OpCompositeConstruct %38 %37 %37 %37 %37
+ OpImageWrite %28 %33 %39
+ OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+ OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+ OpStore %44 %45
+ OpStore %46 %45
+ OpBranch %47
+ %47 = OpLabel
+ OpLoopMerge %49 %50 None
+ OpBranch %51
+ %51 = OpLabel
+ %52 = OpLoad %24 %46
+ %55 = OpSLessThan %54 %52 %53
+ OpBranchConditional %55 %48 %49
+ %48 = OpLabel
+ OpStore %56 %45
+ OpBranch %57
+ %57 = OpLabel
+ OpLoopMerge %59 %60 None
+ OpBranch %61
+ %61 = OpLabel
+ %62 = OpLoad %24 %56
+ %63 = OpSLessThan %54 %62 %53
+ OpBranchConditional %63 %58 %59
+ %58 = OpLabel
+ %64 = OpLoad %25 %27
+ %65 = OpLoad %24 %46
+ %66 = OpLoad %24 %56
+ %67 = OpCompositeConstruct %32 %65 %66
+ %68 = OpImageRead %38 %64 %67
+ %69 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %68 0
+ %70 = OpLoad %24 %44
+-%71 = OpIAdd %24 %70 %69
++%137 = OpIMul %24 %70 %69
+-OpStore %44 %71
++OpStore %44 %137
+ OpBranch %60
+ %60 = OpLabel
+ %72 = OpLoad %24 %56
+ %74 = OpIAdd %24 %72 %73
+ OpStore %56 %74
+ OpBranch %57
+ %59 = OpLabel
+ OpBranch %50
+ %50 = OpLabel
+ %75 = OpLoad %24 %46
+ %76 = OpIAdd %24 %75 %73
+ OpStore %46 %76
+ OpBranch %47
+ %49 = OpLabel
+ OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+ OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+ %83 = OpLoad %24 %44
+ %85 = OpAccessChain %84 %82 %53
+ OpStore %85 %83
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %9 = OpLabel
+ %101 = OpVariable %43 Function
+ %92 = OpAccessChain %91 %90 %73
+ %93 = OpLoad %87 %92
+ %95 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+ %96 = OpLoad %77 %95
+ %97 = OpConvertUToF %86 %96
+ %98 = OpMatrixTimesVector %86 %93 %97
+ %99 = OpConvertFToU %77 %98
+ %100 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+ OpStore %100 %99
+ OpStore %101 %45
+ OpBranch %102
+ %102 = OpLabel
+ OpLoopMerge %104 %105 None
+ OpBranch %106
+ %106 = OpLabel
+ %107 = OpLoad %24 %101
+ %109 = OpSLessThan %54 %107 %108
+ OpBranchConditional %109 %103 %104
+ %103 = OpLabel
+ %111 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+ %112 = OpLoad %79 %111
+ %114 = OpAccessChain %113 %90 %53
+ %115 = OpLoad %78 %114
+ %116 = OpVectorTimesScalar %79 %112 %115
+ %117 = OpConvertFToU %13 %116
+ %118 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 0
+ %119 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 1
+ %120 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 2
+ %121 = OpCompositeConstruct %77 %118 %119 %120 %16
+ %122 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+ %123 = OpLoad %77 %122
+ %124 = OpIAdd %77 %123 %121
+ %125 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+ OpStore %125 %124
+ OpBranch %105
+ %105 = OpLabel
+ %126 = OpLoad %24 %101
+ %127 = OpIAdd %24 %126 %73
+ OpStore %101 %127
+ OpBranch %102
+ %104 = OpLabel
+ OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+ OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+-%128 = OpLoad %25 %27
++%139 = OpLoad %25 %138
+-%130 = OpImageRead %38 %128 %129
++%130 = OpImageRead %38 %139 %129
+ %131 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %130 0
+ %132 = OpConvertSToF %78 %131
+ %133 = OpCompositeConstruct %79 %132 %132 %132
+ %134 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+ OpStore %134 %133
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, LargeFunctionsSmallDiffsNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %15
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %15 BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
+               OpDecorate %27 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %27 Binding 2
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 2 Offset 28
+               OpDecorate %80 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %82 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %82 Binding 1
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 RowMajor
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 MatrixStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 2 Offset 80
+               OpDecorate %88 Block
+               OpDecorate %90 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %90 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %11 = OpTypePointer Function %10
+         %13 = OpTypeVector %10 3
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
+         %16 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Input %10
+         %21 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %24 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %25 = OpTypeImage %24 2D 0 0 0 2 R32i
+         %26 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %25
+         %27 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+         %29 = OpTypeVector %10 2
+         %32 = OpTypeVector %24 2
+         %38 = OpTypeVector %24 4
+         %40 = OpConstant %10 2
+         %41 = OpConstant %10 3400
+         %42 = OpConstant %10 264
+         %43 = OpTypePointer Function %24
+         %45 = OpConstant %24 0
+         %53 = OpConstant %24 2
+         %54 = OpTypeBool
+         %73 = OpConstant %24 1
+         %77 = OpTypeVector %10 4
+         %78 = OpTypeFloat 32
+         %79 = OpTypeVector %78 3
+         %80 = OpTypeStruct %77 %79 %24
+         %81 = OpTypePointer Uniform %80
+         %82 = OpVariable %81 Uniform
+         %84 = OpTypePointer Uniform %24
+         %86 = OpTypeVector %78 4
+         %87 = OpTypeMatrix %86 4
+         %88 = OpTypeStruct %10 %87 %78
+         %89 = OpTypePointer Uniform %88
+         %90 = OpVariable %89 Uniform
+         %91 = OpTypePointer Uniform %87
+         %94 = OpTypePointer Uniform %77
+        %108 = OpConstant %24 3
+        %110 = OpTypePointer Uniform %79
+        %113 = OpTypePointer Uniform %78
+        %129 = OpConstantComposite %32 %45 %45
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+        %135 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+        %136 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %20 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %44 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %46 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %56 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %18 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %16
+         %19 = OpLoad %10 %18
+               OpStore %12 %19
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %21
+         %23 = OpLoad %10 %22
+               OpStore %20 %23
+         %28 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %30 = OpLoad %13 %15
+         %31 = OpVectorShuffle %29 %30 %30 0 1
+         %33 = OpBitcast %32 %31
+         %34 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %35 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %36 = OpIAdd %10 %34 %35
+         %37 = OpBitcast %24 %36
+         %39 = OpCompositeConstruct %38 %37 %37 %37 %37
+               OpImageWrite %28 %33 %39
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+               OpStore %44 %45
+               OpStore %46 %45
+               OpBranch %47
+         %47 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %49 %50 None
+               OpBranch %51
+         %51 = OpLabel
+         %52 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %55 = OpSLessThan %54 %52 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %55 %48 %49
+         %48 = OpLabel
+               OpStore %56 %45
+               OpBranch %57
+         %57 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %59 %60 None
+               OpBranch %61
+         %61 = OpLabel
+         %62 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %63 = OpSLessThan %54 %62 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %63 %58 %59
+         %58 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %65 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %66 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %67 = OpCompositeConstruct %32 %65 %66
+         %68 = OpImageRead %38 %64 %67
+         %69 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %68 0
+         %70 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %71 = OpIAdd %24 %70 %69
+               OpStore %44 %71
+               OpBranch %60
+         %60 = OpLabel
+         %72 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %74 = OpIAdd %24 %72 %73
+               OpStore %56 %74
+               OpBranch %57
+         %59 = OpLabel
+               OpBranch %50
+         %50 = OpLabel
+         %75 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %76 = OpIAdd %24 %75 %73
+               OpStore %46 %76
+               OpBranch %47
+         %49 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+         %83 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %85 = OpAccessChain %84 %82 %53
+               OpStore %85 %83
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+        %101 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %92 = OpAccessChain %91 %90 %73
+         %93 = OpLoad %87 %92
+         %95 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+         %96 = OpLoad %77 %95
+         %97 = OpConvertUToF %86 %96
+         %98 = OpMatrixTimesVector %86 %93 %97
+         %99 = OpConvertFToU %77 %98
+        %100 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %100 %99
+               OpStore %101 %45
+               OpBranch %102
+        %102 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %104 %105 None
+               OpBranch %106
+        %106 = OpLabel
+        %107 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %109 = OpSLessThan %54 %107 %108
+               OpBranchConditional %109 %103 %104
+        %103 = OpLabel
+        %111 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+        %112 = OpLoad %79 %111
+        %114 = OpAccessChain %113 %90 %53
+        %115 = OpLoad %78 %114
+        %116 = OpVectorTimesScalar %79 %112 %115
+        %117 = OpConvertFToU %13 %116
+        %118 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 0
+        %119 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 1
+        %120 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 2
+        %121 = OpCompositeConstruct %77 %118 %119 %120 %16
+        %122 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+        %123 = OpLoad %77 %122
+        %124 = OpIAdd %77 %123 %121
+        %125 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %125 %124
+               OpBranch %105
+        %105 = OpLabel
+        %126 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %127 = OpIAdd %24 %126 %73
+               OpStore %101 %127
+               OpBranch %102
+        %104 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+        %128 = OpLoad %25 %27
+        %130 = OpImageRead %38 %128 %129
+        %131 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %130 0
+        %132 = OpConvertSToF %78 %131
+        %133 = OpCompositeConstruct %79 %132 %132 %132
+        %134 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+               OpStore %134 %133
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %15
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %15 BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
+               OpDecorate %27 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %27 Binding 2
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 2 Offset 28
+               OpDecorate %80 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %82 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %82 Binding 1
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 RowMajor
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 MatrixStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 2 Offset 80
+               OpDecorate %88 Block
+               OpDecorate %90 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %90 Binding 0
+               OpDecorate %128 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %128 Binding 3
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %11 = OpTypePointer Function %10
+         %13 = OpTypeVector %10 3
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
+         %16 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Input %10
+         %21 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %24 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %25 = OpTypeImage %24 2D 0 0 0 2 R32i
+         %26 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %25
+         %27 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+         %29 = OpTypeVector %10 2
+         %32 = OpTypeVector %24 2
+         %38 = OpTypeVector %24 4
+         %40 = OpConstant %10 2
+         %41 = OpConstant %10 3400
+         %42 = OpConstant %10 264
+         %43 = OpTypePointer Function %24
+         %45 = OpConstant %24 0
+         %53 = OpConstant %24 2
+         %54 = OpTypeBool
+         %73 = OpConstant %24 1
+         %77 = OpTypeVector %10 4
+         %78 = OpTypeFloat 32
+         %79 = OpTypeVector %78 3
+         %80 = OpTypeStruct %77 %79 %24
+         %81 = OpTypePointer Uniform %80
+         %82 = OpVariable %81 Uniform
+         %84 = OpTypePointer Uniform %24
+         %86 = OpTypeVector %78 4
+         %87 = OpTypeMatrix %86 4
+         %88 = OpTypeStruct %10 %87 %78
+         %89 = OpTypePointer Uniform %88
+         %90 = OpVariable %89 Uniform
+         %91 = OpTypePointer Uniform %87
+         %94 = OpTypePointer Uniform %77
+        %108 = OpConstant %24 3
+        %110 = OpTypePointer Uniform %79
+        %113 = OpTypePointer Uniform %78
+        %128 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+        %130 = OpConstantComposite %32 %45 %45
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+        %136 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+        %137 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %20 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %44 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %46 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %56 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %18 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %16
+         %19 = OpLoad %10 %18
+               OpStore %12 %19
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %21
+         %23 = OpLoad %10 %22
+               OpStore %20 %23
+         %28 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %30 = OpLoad %13 %15
+         %31 = OpVectorShuffle %29 %30 %30 0 1
+         %33 = OpBitcast %32 %31
+         %34 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %35 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %36 = OpIAdd %10 %34 %35
+         %37 = OpBitcast %24 %36
+         %39 = OpCompositeConstruct %38 %37 %37 %37 %37
+               OpImageWrite %28 %33 %39
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+               OpStore %44 %45
+               OpStore %46 %45
+               OpBranch %47
+         %47 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %49 %50 None
+               OpBranch %51
+         %51 = OpLabel
+         %52 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %55 = OpSLessThan %54 %52 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %55 %48 %49
+         %48 = OpLabel
+               OpStore %56 %45
+               OpBranch %57
+         %57 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %59 %60 None
+               OpBranch %61
+         %61 = OpLabel
+         %62 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %63 = OpSLessThan %54 %62 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %63 %58 %59
+         %58 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %65 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %66 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %67 = OpCompositeConstruct %32 %65 %66
+         %68 = OpImageRead %38 %64 %67
+         %69 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %68 0
+         %70 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %71 = OpIMul %24 %70 %69
+               OpStore %44 %71
+               OpBranch %60
+         %60 = OpLabel
+         %72 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %74 = OpIAdd %24 %72 %73
+               OpStore %56 %74
+               OpBranch %57
+         %59 = OpLabel
+               OpBranch %50
+         %50 = OpLabel
+         %75 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %76 = OpIAdd %24 %75 %73
+               OpStore %46 %76
+               OpBranch %47
+         %49 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+         %83 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %85 = OpAccessChain %84 %82 %53
+               OpStore %85 %83
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+        %101 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %92 = OpAccessChain %91 %90 %73
+         %93 = OpLoad %87 %92
+         %95 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+         %96 = OpLoad %77 %95
+         %97 = OpConvertUToF %86 %96
+         %98 = OpMatrixTimesVector %86 %93 %97
+         %99 = OpConvertFToU %77 %98
+        %100 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %100 %99
+               OpStore %101 %45
+               OpBranch %102
+        %102 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %104 %105 None
+               OpBranch %106
+        %106 = OpLabel
+        %107 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %109 = OpSLessThan %54 %107 %108
+               OpBranchConditional %109 %103 %104
+        %103 = OpLabel
+        %111 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+        %112 = OpLoad %79 %111
+        %114 = OpAccessChain %113 %90 %53
+        %115 = OpLoad %78 %114
+        %116 = OpVectorTimesScalar %79 %112 %115
+        %117 = OpConvertFToU %13 %116
+        %118 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 0
+        %119 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 1
+        %120 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 2
+        %121 = OpCompositeConstruct %77 %118 %119 %120 %16
+        %122 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+        %123 = OpLoad %77 %122
+        %124 = OpIAdd %77 %123 %121
+        %125 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %125 %124
+               OpBranch %105
+        %105 = OpLabel
+        %126 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %127 = OpIAdd %24 %126 %73
+               OpStore %101 %127
+               OpBranch %102
+        %104 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+        %129 = OpLoad %25 %128
+        %131 = OpImageRead %38 %129 %130
+        %132 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %131 0
+        %133 = OpConvertSToF %78 %132
+        %134 = OpCompositeConstruct %79 %133 %133 %133
+        %135 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+               OpStore %135 %134
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 137
++; Bound: 140
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %15
+ OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpDecorate %15 BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
+ OpDecorate %27 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %27 Binding 2
+ OpMemberDecorate %80 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %80 1 Offset 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %80 2 Offset 28
+ OpDecorate %80 BufferBlock
+ OpDecorate %82 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %82 Binding 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 0 Offset 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 1 RowMajor
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 1 Offset 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 1 MatrixStride 16
+ OpMemberDecorate %88 2 Offset 80
+ OpDecorate %88 Block
+ OpDecorate %90 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %90 Binding 0
++OpDecorate %138 DescriptorSet 0
++OpDecorate %138 Binding 3
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %10 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %11 = OpTypePointer Function %10
+ %13 = OpTypeVector %10 3
+ %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
+ %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
+ %16 = OpConstant %10 0
+ %17 = OpTypePointer Input %10
+ %21 = OpConstant %10 1
+ %24 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %25 = OpTypeImage %24 2D 0 0 0 2 R32i
+ %26 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %25
+ %27 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+ %29 = OpTypeVector %10 2
+ %32 = OpTypeVector %24 2
+ %38 = OpTypeVector %24 4
+ %40 = OpConstant %10 2
+ %41 = OpConstant %10 3400
+ %42 = OpConstant %10 264
+ %43 = OpTypePointer Function %24
+ %45 = OpConstant %24 0
+ %53 = OpConstant %24 2
+ %54 = OpTypeBool
+ %73 = OpConstant %24 1
+ %77 = OpTypeVector %10 4
+ %78 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %79 = OpTypeVector %78 3
+ %80 = OpTypeStruct %77 %79 %24
+ %81 = OpTypePointer Uniform %80
+ %82 = OpVariable %81 Uniform
+ %84 = OpTypePointer Uniform %24
+ %86 = OpTypeVector %78 4
+ %87 = OpTypeMatrix %86 4
+ %88 = OpTypeStruct %10 %87 %78
+ %89 = OpTypePointer Uniform %88
+ %90 = OpVariable %89 Uniform
+ %91 = OpTypePointer Uniform %87
+ %94 = OpTypePointer Uniform %77
+ %108 = OpConstant %24 3
+ %110 = OpTypePointer Uniform %79
+ %113 = OpTypePointer Uniform %78
++%138 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+ %129 = OpConstantComposite %32 %45 %45
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %135 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+ %136 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %7 = OpLabel
+ %12 = OpVariable %11 Function
+ %20 = OpVariable %11 Function
+ %44 = OpVariable %43 Function
+ %46 = OpVariable %43 Function
+ %56 = OpVariable %43 Function
+ %18 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %16
+ %19 = OpLoad %10 %18
+ OpStore %12 %19
+ %22 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %21
+ %23 = OpLoad %10 %22
+ OpStore %20 %23
+ %28 = OpLoad %25 %27
+ %30 = OpLoad %13 %15
+ %31 = OpVectorShuffle %29 %30 %30 0 1
+ %33 = OpBitcast %32 %31
+ %34 = OpLoad %10 %12
+ %35 = OpLoad %10 %20
+ %36 = OpIAdd %10 %34 %35
+ %37 = OpBitcast %24 %36
+ %39 = OpCompositeConstruct %38 %37 %37 %37 %37
+ OpImageWrite %28 %33 %39
+ OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+ OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+ OpStore %44 %45
+ OpStore %46 %45
+ OpBranch %47
+ %47 = OpLabel
+ OpLoopMerge %49 %50 None
+ OpBranch %51
+ %51 = OpLabel
+ %52 = OpLoad %24 %46
+ %55 = OpSLessThan %54 %52 %53
+ OpBranchConditional %55 %48 %49
+ %48 = OpLabel
+ OpStore %56 %45
+ OpBranch %57
+ %57 = OpLabel
+ OpLoopMerge %59 %60 None
+ OpBranch %61
+ %61 = OpLabel
+ %62 = OpLoad %24 %56
+ %63 = OpSLessThan %54 %62 %53
+ OpBranchConditional %63 %58 %59
+ %58 = OpLabel
+ %64 = OpLoad %25 %27
+ %65 = OpLoad %24 %46
+ %66 = OpLoad %24 %56
+ %67 = OpCompositeConstruct %32 %65 %66
+ %68 = OpImageRead %38 %64 %67
+ %69 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %68 0
+ %70 = OpLoad %24 %44
+-%71 = OpIAdd %24 %70 %69
++%137 = OpIMul %24 %70 %69
+-OpStore %44 %71
++OpStore %44 %137
+ OpBranch %60
+ %60 = OpLabel
+ %72 = OpLoad %24 %56
+ %74 = OpIAdd %24 %72 %73
+ OpStore %56 %74
+ OpBranch %57
+ %59 = OpLabel
+ OpBranch %50
+ %50 = OpLabel
+ %75 = OpLoad %24 %46
+ %76 = OpIAdd %24 %75 %73
+ OpStore %46 %76
+ OpBranch %47
+ %49 = OpLabel
+ OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+ OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+ %83 = OpLoad %24 %44
+ %85 = OpAccessChain %84 %82 %53
+ OpStore %85 %83
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %9 = OpLabel
+ %101 = OpVariable %43 Function
+ %92 = OpAccessChain %91 %90 %73
+ %93 = OpLoad %87 %92
+ %95 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+ %96 = OpLoad %77 %95
+ %97 = OpConvertUToF %86 %96
+ %98 = OpMatrixTimesVector %86 %93 %97
+ %99 = OpConvertFToU %77 %98
+ %100 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+ OpStore %100 %99
+ OpStore %101 %45
+ OpBranch %102
+ %102 = OpLabel
+ OpLoopMerge %104 %105 None
+ OpBranch %106
+ %106 = OpLabel
+ %107 = OpLoad %24 %101
+ %109 = OpSLessThan %54 %107 %108
+ OpBranchConditional %109 %103 %104
+ %103 = OpLabel
+ %111 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+ %112 = OpLoad %79 %111
+ %114 = OpAccessChain %113 %90 %53
+ %115 = OpLoad %78 %114
+ %116 = OpVectorTimesScalar %79 %112 %115
+ %117 = OpConvertFToU %13 %116
+ %118 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 0
+ %119 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 1
+ %120 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 2
+ %121 = OpCompositeConstruct %77 %118 %119 %120 %16
+ %122 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+ %123 = OpLoad %77 %122
+ %124 = OpIAdd %77 %123 %121
+ %125 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+ OpStore %125 %124
+ OpBranch %105
+ %105 = OpLabel
+ %126 = OpLoad %24 %101
+ %127 = OpIAdd %24 %126 %73
+ OpStore %101 %127
+ OpBranch %102
+ %104 = OpLabel
+ OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+ OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+-%128 = OpLoad %25 %27
++%139 = OpLoad %25 %138
+-%130 = OpImageRead %38 %128 %129
++%130 = OpImageRead %38 %139 %129
+ %131 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %130 0
+ %132 = OpConvertSToF %78 %131
+ %133 = OpCompositeConstruct %79 %132 %132 %132
+ %134 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+ OpStore %134 %133
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_small_diffs_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_small_diffs_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f788e0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_small_diffs_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %15
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %6 "f1("
+               OpName %8 "f2("
+               OpName %12 "x"
+               OpName %15 "gl_LocalInvocationID"
+               OpName %20 "y"
+               OpName %27 "image"
+               OpName %44 "sum"
+               OpName %46 "i"
+               OpName %56 "j"
+               OpName %80 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %80 0 "o_uv4"
+               OpMemberName %80 1 "o_v3"
+               OpMemberName %80 2 "o_i"
+               OpName %82 ""
+               OpName %88 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %88 0 "i_u"
+               OpMemberName %88 1 "i_v4"
+               OpMemberName %88 2 "i_f"
+               OpName %90 ""
+               OpName %101 "i"
+               OpName %128 "image2"
+               OpDecorate %15 BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
+               OpDecorate %27 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %27 Binding 2
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 2 Offset 28
+               OpDecorate %80 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %82 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %82 Binding 1
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 RowMajor
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 MatrixStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 2 Offset 80
+               OpDecorate %88 Block
+               OpDecorate %90 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %90 Binding 0
+               OpDecorate %128 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %128 Binding 3
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %11 = OpTypePointer Function %10
+         %13 = OpTypeVector %10 3
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
+         %16 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Input %10
+         %21 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %24 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %25 = OpTypeImage %24 2D 0 0 0 2 R32i
+         %26 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %25
+         %27 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+         %29 = OpTypeVector %10 2
+         %32 = OpTypeVector %24 2
+         %38 = OpTypeVector %24 4
+         %40 = OpConstant %10 2
+         %41 = OpConstant %10 3400
+         %42 = OpConstant %10 264
+         %43 = OpTypePointer Function %24
+         %45 = OpConstant %24 0
+         %53 = OpConstant %24 2
+         %54 = OpTypeBool
+         %73 = OpConstant %24 1
+         %77 = OpTypeVector %10 4
+         %78 = OpTypeFloat 32
+         %79 = OpTypeVector %78 3
+         %80 = OpTypeStruct %77 %79 %24
+         %81 = OpTypePointer Uniform %80
+         %82 = OpVariable %81 Uniform
+         %84 = OpTypePointer Uniform %24
+         %86 = OpTypeVector %78 4
+         %87 = OpTypeMatrix %86 4
+         %88 = OpTypeStruct %10 %87 %78
+         %89 = OpTypePointer Uniform %88
+         %90 = OpVariable %89 Uniform
+         %91 = OpTypePointer Uniform %87
+         %94 = OpTypePointer Uniform %77
+        %108 = OpConstant %24 3
+        %110 = OpTypePointer Uniform %79
+        %113 = OpTypePointer Uniform %78
+        %128 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+        %130 = OpConstantComposite %32 %45 %45
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+        %136 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+        %137 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %20 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %44 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %46 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %56 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %18 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %16
+         %19 = OpLoad %10 %18
+               OpStore %12 %19
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %21
+         %23 = OpLoad %10 %22
+               OpStore %20 %23
+         %28 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %30 = OpLoad %13 %15
+         %31 = OpVectorShuffle %29 %30 %30 0 1
+         %33 = OpBitcast %32 %31
+         %34 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %35 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %36 = OpIAdd %10 %34 %35
+         %37 = OpBitcast %24 %36
+         %39 = OpCompositeConstruct %38 %37 %37 %37 %37
+               OpImageWrite %28 %33 %39
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+               OpStore %44 %45
+               OpStore %46 %45
+               OpBranch %47
+         %47 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %49 %50 None
+               OpBranch %51
+         %51 = OpLabel
+         %52 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %55 = OpSLessThan %54 %52 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %55 %48 %49
+         %48 = OpLabel
+               OpStore %56 %45
+               OpBranch %57
+         %57 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %59 %60 None
+               OpBranch %61
+         %61 = OpLabel
+         %62 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %63 = OpSLessThan %54 %62 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %63 %58 %59
+         %58 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %65 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %66 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %67 = OpCompositeConstruct %32 %65 %66
+         %68 = OpImageRead %38 %64 %67
+         %69 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %68 0
+         %70 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %71 = OpIMul %24 %70 %69
+               OpStore %44 %71
+               OpBranch %60
+         %60 = OpLabel
+         %72 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %74 = OpIAdd %24 %72 %73
+               OpStore %56 %74
+               OpBranch %57
+         %59 = OpLabel
+               OpBranch %50
+         %50 = OpLabel
+         %75 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %76 = OpIAdd %24 %75 %73
+               OpStore %46 %76
+               OpBranch %47
+         %49 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+         %83 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %85 = OpAccessChain %84 %82 %53
+               OpStore %85 %83
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+        %101 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %92 = OpAccessChain %91 %90 %73
+         %93 = OpLoad %87 %92
+         %95 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+         %96 = OpLoad %77 %95
+         %97 = OpConvertUToF %86 %96
+         %98 = OpMatrixTimesVector %86 %93 %97
+         %99 = OpConvertFToU %77 %98
+        %100 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %100 %99
+               OpStore %101 %45
+               OpBranch %102
+        %102 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %104 %105 None
+               OpBranch %106
+        %106 = OpLabel
+        %107 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %109 = OpSLessThan %54 %107 %108
+               OpBranchConditional %109 %103 %104
+        %103 = OpLabel
+        %111 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+        %112 = OpLoad %79 %111
+        %114 = OpAccessChain %113 %90 %53
+        %115 = OpLoad %78 %114
+        %116 = OpVectorTimesScalar %79 %112 %115
+        %117 = OpConvertFToU %13 %116
+        %118 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 0
+        %119 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 1
+        %120 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 2
+        %121 = OpCompositeConstruct %77 %118 %119 %120 %16
+        %122 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+        %123 = OpLoad %77 %122
+        %124 = OpIAdd %77 %123 %121
+        %125 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %125 %124
+               OpBranch %105
+        %105 = OpLabel
+        %126 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %127 = OpIAdd %24 %126 %73
+               OpStore %101 %127
+               OpBranch %102
+        %104 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+        %129 = OpLoad %25 %128
+        %131 = OpImageRead %38 %129 %130
+        %132 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %131 0
+        %133 = OpConvertSToF %78 %132
+        %134 = OpCompositeConstruct %79 %133 %133 %133
+        %135 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+               OpStore %135 %134
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_small_diffs_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_small_diffs_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78a9278
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/large_functions_small_diffs_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+;; Test where src and dst have a few large functions with small differences.
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main" %15
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %6 "f1("
+               OpName %8 "f2("
+               OpName %12 "x"
+               OpName %15 "gl_LocalInvocationID"
+               OpName %20 "y"
+               OpName %27 "image"
+               OpName %44 "sum"
+               OpName %46 "i"
+               OpName %56 "j"
+               OpName %80 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %80 0 "o_uv4"
+               OpMemberName %80 1 "o_v3"
+               OpMemberName %80 2 "o_i"
+               OpName %82 ""
+               OpName %88 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %88 0 "i_u"
+               OpMemberName %88 1 "i_v4"
+               OpMemberName %88 2 "i_f"
+               OpName %90 ""
+               OpName %101 "i"
+               OpDecorate %15 BuiltIn LocalInvocationId
+               OpDecorate %27 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %27 Binding 2
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %80 2 Offset 28
+               OpDecorate %80 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %82 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %82 Binding 1
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 0 Offset 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 RowMajor
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 Offset 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 1 MatrixStride 16
+               OpMemberDecorate %88 2 Offset 80
+               OpDecorate %88 Block
+               OpDecorate %90 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %90 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %11 = OpTypePointer Function %10
+         %13 = OpTypeVector %10 3
+         %14 = OpTypePointer Input %13
+         %15 = OpVariable %14 Input
+         %16 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %17 = OpTypePointer Input %10
+         %21 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %24 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %25 = OpTypeImage %24 2D 0 0 0 2 R32i
+         %26 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %25
+         %27 = OpVariable %26 UniformConstant
+         %29 = OpTypeVector %10 2
+         %32 = OpTypeVector %24 2
+         %38 = OpTypeVector %24 4
+         %40 = OpConstant %10 2
+         %41 = OpConstant %10 3400
+         %42 = OpConstant %10 264
+         %43 = OpTypePointer Function %24
+         %45 = OpConstant %24 0
+         %53 = OpConstant %24 2
+         %54 = OpTypeBool
+         %73 = OpConstant %24 1
+         %77 = OpTypeVector %10 4
+         %78 = OpTypeFloat 32
+         %79 = OpTypeVector %78 3
+         %80 = OpTypeStruct %77 %79 %24
+         %81 = OpTypePointer Uniform %80
+         %82 = OpVariable %81 Uniform
+         %84 = OpTypePointer Uniform %24
+         %86 = OpTypeVector %78 4
+         %87 = OpTypeMatrix %86 4
+         %88 = OpTypeStruct %10 %87 %78
+         %89 = OpTypePointer Uniform %88
+         %90 = OpVariable %89 Uniform
+         %91 = OpTypePointer Uniform %87
+         %94 = OpTypePointer Uniform %77
+        %108 = OpConstant %24 3
+        %110 = OpTypePointer Uniform %79
+        %113 = OpTypePointer Uniform %78
+        %129 = OpConstantComposite %32 %45 %45
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+        %135 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+        %136 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %20 = OpVariable %11 Function
+         %44 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %46 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %56 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %18 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %16
+         %19 = OpLoad %10 %18
+               OpStore %12 %19
+         %22 = OpAccessChain %17 %15 %21
+         %23 = OpLoad %10 %22
+               OpStore %20 %23
+         %28 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %30 = OpLoad %13 %15
+         %31 = OpVectorShuffle %29 %30 %30 0 1
+         %33 = OpBitcast %32 %31
+         %34 = OpLoad %10 %12
+         %35 = OpLoad %10 %20
+         %36 = OpIAdd %10 %34 %35
+         %37 = OpBitcast %24 %36
+         %39 = OpCompositeConstruct %38 %37 %37 %37 %37
+               OpImageWrite %28 %33 %39
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+               OpStore %44 %45
+               OpStore %46 %45
+               OpBranch %47
+         %47 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %49 %50 None
+               OpBranch %51
+         %51 = OpLabel
+         %52 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %55 = OpSLessThan %54 %52 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %55 %48 %49
+         %48 = OpLabel
+               OpStore %56 %45
+               OpBranch %57
+         %57 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %59 %60 None
+               OpBranch %61
+         %61 = OpLabel
+         %62 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %63 = OpSLessThan %54 %62 %53
+               OpBranchConditional %63 %58 %59
+         %58 = OpLabel
+         %64 = OpLoad %25 %27
+         %65 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %66 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %67 = OpCompositeConstruct %32 %65 %66
+         %68 = OpImageRead %38 %64 %67
+         %69 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %68 0
+         %70 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %71 = OpIAdd %24 %70 %69
+               OpStore %44 %71
+               OpBranch %60
+         %60 = OpLabel
+         %72 = OpLoad %24 %56
+         %74 = OpIAdd %24 %72 %73
+               OpStore %56 %74
+               OpBranch %57
+         %59 = OpLabel
+               OpBranch %50
+         %50 = OpLabel
+         %75 = OpLoad %24 %46
+         %76 = OpIAdd %24 %75 %73
+               OpStore %46 %76
+               OpBranch %47
+         %49 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+         %83 = OpLoad %24 %44
+         %85 = OpAccessChain %84 %82 %53
+               OpStore %85 %83
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+        %101 = OpVariable %43 Function
+         %92 = OpAccessChain %91 %90 %73
+         %93 = OpLoad %87 %92
+         %95 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+         %96 = OpLoad %77 %95
+         %97 = OpConvertUToF %86 %96
+         %98 = OpMatrixTimesVector %86 %93 %97
+         %99 = OpConvertFToU %77 %98
+        %100 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %100 %99
+               OpStore %101 %45
+               OpBranch %102
+        %102 = OpLabel
+               OpLoopMerge %104 %105 None
+               OpBranch %106
+        %106 = OpLabel
+        %107 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %109 = OpSLessThan %54 %107 %108
+               OpBranchConditional %109 %103 %104
+        %103 = OpLabel
+        %111 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+        %112 = OpLoad %79 %111
+        %114 = OpAccessChain %113 %90 %53
+        %115 = OpLoad %78 %114
+        %116 = OpVectorTimesScalar %79 %112 %115
+        %117 = OpConvertFToU %13 %116
+        %118 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 0
+        %119 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 1
+        %120 = OpCompositeExtract %10 %117 2
+        %121 = OpCompositeConstruct %77 %118 %119 %120 %16
+        %122 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+        %123 = OpLoad %77 %122
+        %124 = OpIAdd %77 %123 %121
+        %125 = OpAccessChain %94 %82 %45
+               OpStore %125 %124
+               OpBranch %105
+        %105 = OpLabel
+        %126 = OpLoad %24 %101
+        %127 = OpIAdd %24 %126 %73
+               OpStore %101 %127
+               OpBranch %102
+        %104 = OpLabel
+               OpMemoryBarrier %40 %41
+               OpControlBarrier %40 %40 %42
+        %128 = OpLoad %25 %27
+        %130 = OpImageRead %38 %128 %129
+        %131 = OpCompositeExtract %24 %130 0
+        %132 = OpConvertSToF %78 %131
+        %133 = OpCompositeConstruct %79 %132 %132 %132
+        %134 = OpAccessChain %110 %82 %73
+               OpStore %134 %133
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_different_entry_points_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_different_entry_points_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29d4b1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_different_entry_points_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Basic test for multiple entry points.  The entry points have different
+// execution models and so can be trivially matched.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %mainv "mainv" %vo %a
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %mainf "mainf" %color %vi
+	       OpExecutionMode %mainf OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %mainv "mainv"
+               OpName %mainf "mainf"
+               OpName %a "a"
+               OpName %vo "v"
+               OpName %vi "v"
+               OpName %color "color"
+               OpDecorate %a Location 0
+               OpDecorate %vo Location 0
+               OpDecorate %vi Location 0
+               OpDecorate %color Location 0
+	       OpDecorate %color RelaxedPrecision
+	       OpDecorate %vi RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+
+%_ptr_Input_float = OpTypePointer Input %float
+          %a = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_float Input
+%_ptr_Output_float = OpTypePointer Output %float
+         %vo = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_float Output
+         %vi = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_float Input
+%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+      %color = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
+
+      %mainv = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %11 = OpLoad %float %a
+               OpStore %vo %11
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+      %mainf = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %6 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %float %vi
+	 %13 = OpCompositeConstruct %v4float %12 %12 %12 %12
+               OpStore %color %13
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %frag "frag" %vi %color
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %vert "vert" %a %vo
+	       OpExecutionMode %frag OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %frag "frag"
+               OpName %vert "vert"
+               OpName %vo "v"
+               OpName %a "a"
+               OpName %color "color"
+               OpName %vi "v"
+               OpDecorate %vi Location 0
+               OpDecorate %color Location 0
+               OpDecorate %a Location 0
+               OpDecorate %vo Location 0
+	       OpDecorate %color RelaxedPrecision
+	       OpDecorate %vi RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %14 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %17 RelaxedPrecision
+
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+
+%_ptr_Output_float = OpTypePointer Output %float
+         %vo = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_float Output
+%_ptr_Input_float = OpTypePointer Input %float
+          %a = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_float Input
+         %vi = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_float Input
+%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+      %color = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
+
+       %frag = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %14 = OpLoad %float %vi
+	 %17 = OpCompositeConstruct %v4float %14 %14 %14 %14
+               OpStore %color %17
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+       %vert = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %8 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpLoad %float %a
+               OpStore %vo %13
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, MultipleDifferentEntryPoints) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+ ; Bound: 20
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+-OpEntryPoint Vertex %2 "mainv" %4 %7
++OpEntryPoint Vertex %2 "vert" %7 %4
+-OpEntryPoint Fragment %8 "mainf" %9 %10
++OpEntryPoint Fragment %8 "frag" %10 %9
+ OpExecutionMode %8 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+-OpName %2 "mainv"
++OpName %2 "vert"
+-OpName %8 "mainf"
++OpName %8 "frag"
+ OpName %7 "a"
+ OpName %4 "v"
+ OpName %10 "v"
+ OpName %9 "color"
+ OpDecorate %7 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %10 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %10 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+ %14 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %14
+ %15 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %16 = OpTypeVector %15 4
+ %17 = OpTypePointer Input %15
+ %7 = OpVariable %17 Input
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Output %15
+ %4 = OpVariable %18 Output
+ %10 = OpVariable %17 Input
+ %19 = OpTypePointer Output %16
+ %9 = OpVariable %19 Output
+ %2 = OpFunction %14 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %11 = OpLoad %15 %7
+ OpStore %4 %11
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %8 = OpFunction %14 None %3
+ %6 = OpLabel
+ %12 = OpLoad %15 %10
+ %13 = OpCompositeConstruct %16 %12 %12 %12 %12
+ OpStore %9 %13
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, MultipleDifferentEntryPointsNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %mainv "mainv" %vo %a
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %mainf "mainf" %color %vi
+	       OpExecutionMode %mainf OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %a Location 0
+               OpDecorate %vo Location 0
+               OpDecorate %vi Location 0
+               OpDecorate %color Location 0
+	       OpDecorate %color RelaxedPrecision
+	       OpDecorate %vi RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+
+%_ptr_Input_float = OpTypePointer Input %float
+          %a = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_float Input
+%_ptr_Output_float = OpTypePointer Output %float
+         %vo = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_float Output
+         %vi = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_float Input
+%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+      %color = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
+
+      %mainv = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %11 = OpLoad %float %a
+               OpStore %vo %11
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+      %mainf = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %6 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %float %vi
+	 %13 = OpCompositeConstruct %v4float %12 %12 %12 %12
+               OpStore %color %13
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %frag "frag" %vi %color
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %vert "vert" %a %vo
+	       OpExecutionMode %frag OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %vi Location 0
+               OpDecorate %color Location 0
+               OpDecorate %a Location 0
+               OpDecorate %vo Location 0
+	       OpDecorate %color RelaxedPrecision
+	       OpDecorate %vi RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %14 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %17 RelaxedPrecision
+
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+
+%_ptr_Output_float = OpTypePointer Output %float
+         %vo = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_float Output
+%_ptr_Input_float = OpTypePointer Input %float
+          %a = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_float Input
+         %vi = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_float Input
+%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+      %color = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
+
+       %frag = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %14 = OpLoad %float %vi
+	 %17 = OpCompositeConstruct %v4float %14 %14 %14 %14
+               OpStore %color %17
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+       %vert = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %8 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpLoad %float %a
+               OpStore %vo %13
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+ ; Bound: 20
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+-OpEntryPoint Vertex %2 "mainv" %4 %7
++OpEntryPoint Vertex %2 "vert" %7 %4
+-OpEntryPoint Fragment %8 "mainf" %9 %10
++OpEntryPoint Fragment %8 "frag" %10 %9
+ OpExecutionMode %8 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpDecorate %7 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %10 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %10 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+ %14 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %14
+ %15 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %16 = OpTypeVector %15 4
+ %17 = OpTypePointer Input %15
+ %7 = OpVariable %17 Input
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Output %15
+ %4 = OpVariable %18 Output
+ %10 = OpVariable %17 Input
+ %19 = OpTypePointer Output %16
+ %9 = OpVariable %19 Output
+ %2 = OpFunction %14 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %11 = OpLoad %15 %7
+ OpStore %4 %11
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %8 = OpFunction %14 None %3
+ %6 = OpLabel
+ %12 = OpLoad %15 %10
+ %13 = OpCompositeConstruct %16 %12 %12 %12 %12
+ OpStore %9 %13
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_different_entry_points_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_different_entry_points_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72cfe28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_different_entry_points_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %frag "frag" %vi %color
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %vert "vert" %a %vo
+	       OpExecutionMode %frag OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %frag "frag"
+               OpName %vert "vert"
+               OpName %vo "v"
+               OpName %a "a"
+               OpName %color "color"
+               OpName %vi "v"
+               OpDecorate %vi Location 0
+               OpDecorate %color Location 0
+               OpDecorate %a Location 0
+               OpDecorate %vo Location 0
+	       OpDecorate %color RelaxedPrecision
+	       OpDecorate %vi RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %14 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %17 RelaxedPrecision
+
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+
+%_ptr_Output_float = OpTypePointer Output %float
+         %vo = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_float Output
+%_ptr_Input_float = OpTypePointer Input %float
+          %a = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_float Input
+         %vi = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_float Input
+%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+      %color = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
+
+       %frag = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %14 = OpLoad %float %vi
+	 %17 = OpCompositeConstruct %v4float %14 %14 %14 %14
+               OpStore %color %17
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+       %vert = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %8 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpLoad %float %a
+               OpStore %vo %13
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_different_entry_points_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_different_entry_points_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2119aa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_different_entry_points_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+;; Basic test for multiple entry points.  The entry points have different
+;; execution models and so can be trivially matched.
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %mainv "mainv" %vo %a
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %mainf "mainf" %color %vi
+	       OpExecutionMode %mainf OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %mainv "mainv"
+               OpName %mainf "mainf"
+               OpName %a "a"
+               OpName %vo "v"
+               OpName %vi "v"
+               OpName %color "color"
+               OpDecorate %a Location 0
+               OpDecorate %vo Location 0
+               OpDecorate %vi Location 0
+               OpDecorate %color Location 0
+	       OpDecorate %color RelaxedPrecision
+	       OpDecorate %vi RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+
+%_ptr_Input_float = OpTypePointer Input %float
+          %a = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_float Input
+%_ptr_Output_float = OpTypePointer Output %float
+         %vo = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_float Output
+         %vi = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_float Input
+%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+      %color = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
+
+      %mainv = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %11 = OpLoad %float %a
+               OpStore %vo %11
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+      %mainf = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %6 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %float %vi
+	 %13 = OpCompositeConstruct %v4float %12 %12 %12 %12
+               OpStore %color %13
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_same_entry_points_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_same_entry_points_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d01166
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_same_entry_points_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Test for multiple entry points with the same execution model.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main1" %8 %10
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %12 "main2" %13 %14 %15
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main1"
+               OpName %12 "main2"
+               OpName %8 "v"
+               OpName %10 "a"
+               OpName %13 "v"
+               OpName %14 "a"
+               OpName %15 "b"
+               OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %10 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %13 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %14 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %15 Location 1
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+
+          %7 = OpTypePointer Output %6
+          %9 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+          %8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+         %10 = OpVariable %9 Input
+         %13 = OpVariable %7 Output
+         %14 = OpVariable %9 Input
+         %15 = OpVariable %9 Input
+
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %11 = OpLoad %6 %10
+               OpStore %8 %11
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+         %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %16 = OpLabel
+         %17 = OpLoad %6 %14
+         %18 = OpLoad %6 %15
+         %19 = OpFAdd %6 %17 %18
+               OpStore %13 %19
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main2" %13 %14 %15
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %12 "main1" %8 %10
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %12 "main1"
+               OpName %4 "main2"
+               OpName %8 "v"
+               OpName %10 "a"
+               OpName %13 "v"
+               OpName %14 "a"
+               OpName %15 "b"
+               OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %10 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %13 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %14 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %15 Location 1
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+
+          %7 = OpTypePointer Output %6
+          %9 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+          %8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+         %10 = OpVariable %9 Input
+         %13 = OpVariable %7 Output
+         %14 = OpVariable %9 Input
+         %15 = OpVariable %9 Input
+
+         %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %16 = OpLabel
+         %17 = OpLoad %6 %14
+         %18 = OpLoad %6 %15
+         %19 = OpFAdd %6 %17 %18
+               OpStore %13 %19
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+         %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %11 = OpLoad %6 %10
+               OpStore %8 %11
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, MultipleSameEntryPoints) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+ ; Bound: 20
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
++OpEntryPoint Vertex %12 "main2" %13 %14 %15
+ OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main1" %8 %10
+-OpEntryPoint Vertex %12 "main2" %13 %14 %15
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpName %4 "main1"
+ OpName %12 "main2"
+ OpName %8 "v"
+ OpName %10 "a"
+ OpName %13 "v"
+ OpName %14 "a"
+ OpName %15 "b"
+ OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %10 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %13 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %14 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %15 Location 1
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %7 = OpTypePointer Output %6
+ %9 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+ %8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+ %10 = OpVariable %9 Input
+ %13 = OpVariable %7 Output
+ %14 = OpVariable %9 Input
+ %15 = OpVariable %9 Input
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %11 = OpLoad %6 %10
+ OpStore %8 %11
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %16 = OpLabel
+ %17 = OpLoad %6 %14
+ %18 = OpLoad %6 %15
+ %19 = OpFAdd %6 %17 %18
+ OpStore %13 %19
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, MultipleSameEntryPointsNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main1" %8 %10
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %12 "main2" %13 %14 %15
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %10 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %13 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %14 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %15 Location 1
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+
+          %7 = OpTypePointer Output %6
+          %9 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+          %8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+         %10 = OpVariable %9 Input
+         %13 = OpVariable %7 Output
+         %14 = OpVariable %9 Input
+         %15 = OpVariable %9 Input
+
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %11 = OpLoad %6 %10
+               OpStore %8 %11
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+         %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %16 = OpLabel
+         %17 = OpLoad %6 %14
+         %18 = OpLoad %6 %15
+         %19 = OpFAdd %6 %17 %18
+               OpStore %13 %19
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main2" %13 %14 %15
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %12 "main1" %8 %10
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %10 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %13 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %14 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %15 Location 1
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+
+          %7 = OpTypePointer Output %6
+          %9 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+          %8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+         %10 = OpVariable %9 Input
+         %13 = OpVariable %7 Output
+         %14 = OpVariable %9 Input
+         %15 = OpVariable %9 Input
+
+         %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %16 = OpLabel
+         %17 = OpLoad %6 %14
+         %18 = OpLoad %6 %15
+         %19 = OpFAdd %6 %17 %18
+               OpStore %13 %19
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+         %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %11 = OpLoad %6 %10
+               OpStore %8 %11
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+ ; Bound: 20
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
++OpEntryPoint Vertex %12 "main2" %13 %14 %15
+ OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main1" %8 %10
+-OpEntryPoint Vertex %12 "main2" %13 %14 %15
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %10 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %13 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %14 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %15 Location 1
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %7 = OpTypePointer Output %6
+ %9 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+ %8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+ %10 = OpVariable %9 Input
+ %13 = OpVariable %7 Output
+ %14 = OpVariable %9 Input
+ %15 = OpVariable %9 Input
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %11 = OpLoad %6 %10
+ OpStore %8 %11
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %16 = OpLabel
+ %17 = OpLoad %6 %14
+ %18 = OpLoad %6 %15
+ %19 = OpFAdd %6 %17 %18
+ OpStore %13 %19
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, MultipleSameEntryPointsDumpIds) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+ ; Bound: 20
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
++OpEntryPoint Vertex %12 "main2" %13 %14 %15
+ OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main1" %8 %10
+-OpEntryPoint Vertex %12 "main2" %13 %14 %15
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpName %4 "main1"
+ OpName %12 "main2"
+ OpName %8 "v"
+ OpName %10 "a"
+ OpName %13 "v"
+ OpName %14 "a"
+ OpName %15 "b"
+ OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %10 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %13 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %14 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %15 Location 1
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %7 = OpTypePointer Output %6
+ %9 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+ %8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+ %10 = OpVariable %9 Input
+ %13 = OpVariable %7 Output
+ %14 = OpVariable %9 Input
+ %15 = OpVariable %9 Input
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %11 = OpLoad %6 %10
+ OpStore %8 %11
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %16 = OpLabel
+ %17 = OpLoad %6 %14
+ %18 = OpLoad %6 %15
+ %19 = OpFAdd %6 %17 %18
+ OpStore %13 %19
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ Src ->  Dst
+   1 ->    1 [ExtInstImport]
+   2 ->    2 [TypeVoid]
+   3 ->    3 [TypeFunction]
+   4 ->   12 [Function]
+   5 ->    5 [Label]
+   6 ->    6 [TypeFloat]
+   7 ->    7 [TypePointer]
+   8 ->    8 [Variable]
+   9 ->    9 [TypePointer]
+  10 ->   10 [Variable]
+  11 ->   11 [Load]
+  12 ->    4 [Function]
+  13 ->   13 [Variable]
+  14 ->   14 [Variable]
+  15 ->   15 [Variable]
+  16 ->   16 [Label]
+  17 ->   17 [Load]
+  18 ->   18 [Load]
+  19 ->   19 [FAdd]
+)";
+  Options options;
+  options.dump_id_map = true;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_same_entry_points_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_same_entry_points_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e200722
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_same_entry_points_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main2" %13 %14 %15
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %12 "main1" %8 %10
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %12 "main1"
+               OpName %4 "main2"
+               OpName %8 "v"
+               OpName %10 "a"
+               OpName %13 "v"
+               OpName %14 "a"
+               OpName %15 "b"
+               OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %10 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %13 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %14 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %15 Location 1
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+
+          %7 = OpTypePointer Output %6
+          %9 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+          %8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+         %10 = OpVariable %9 Input
+         %13 = OpVariable %7 Output
+         %14 = OpVariable %9 Input
+         %15 = OpVariable %9 Input
+
+         %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %16 = OpLabel
+         %17 = OpLoad %6 %14
+         %18 = OpLoad %6 %15
+         %19 = OpFAdd %6 %17 %18
+               OpStore %13 %19
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+         %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %11 = OpLoad %6 %10
+               OpStore %8 %11
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_same_entry_points_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_same_entry_points_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17001b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/multiple_same_entry_points_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+;; Test for multiple entry points with the same execution model.
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main1" %8 %10
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %12 "main2" %13 %14 %15
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main1"
+               OpName %12 "main2"
+               OpName %8 "v"
+               OpName %10 "a"
+               OpName %13 "v"
+               OpName %14 "a"
+               OpName %15 "b"
+               OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %10 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %13 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %14 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %15 Location 1
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+
+          %7 = OpTypePointer Output %6
+          %9 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+          %8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+         %10 = OpVariable %9 Input
+         %13 = OpVariable %7 Output
+         %14 = OpVariable %9 Input
+         %15 = OpVariable %9 Input
+
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %11 = OpLoad %6 %10
+               OpStore %8 %11
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+         %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %16 = OpLabel
+         %17 = OpLoad %6 %14
+         %18 = OpLoad %6 %15
+         %19 = OpFAdd %6 %17 %18
+               OpStore %13 %19
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_if_blocks_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_if_blocks_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0788199
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_if_blocks_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Test where src and dst have the true and false blocks of an if reordered.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %8 %44
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %8 "v"
+               OpName %44 "color"
+               OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %18 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %19 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %20 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %23 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %24 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %25 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %26 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %27 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %30 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %34 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %40 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %44 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %45 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+          %8 = OpVariable %7 Input
+         %10 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %11 = OpTypeBool
+         %15 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+         %16 = OpTypePointer Function %15
+         %21 = OpConstant %6 -0.5
+         %22 = OpConstant %6 -0.300000012
+         %38 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %43 = OpTypePointer Output %15
+         %44 = OpVariable %43 Output
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+          %9 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %12 = OpFOrdLessThanEqual %11 %9 %10
+               OpSelectionMerge %14 None
+               OpBranchConditional %12 %13 %32
+         %13 = OpLabel
+         %18 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %19 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log %18
+         %20 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %23 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FClamp %20 %21 %22
+         %24 = OpFMul %6 %19 %23
+         %25 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %26 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sin %25
+         %27 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %28 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Cos %27
+         %29 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %30 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %29
+         %31 = OpCompositeConstruct %15 %24 %26 %28 %30
+               OpBranch %14
+         %32 = OpLabel
+         %33 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %34 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sqrt %33
+         %35 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %36 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FSign %35
+         %37 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %39 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FMax %37 %38
+         %40 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %41 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Floor %40
+         %42 = OpCompositeConstruct %15 %34 %36 %39 %41
+               OpBranch %14
+         %14 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpPhi %15 %31 %13 %42 %32
+               OpStore %44 %45
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %8 %44
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %8 "v"
+               OpName %44 "color"
+               OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %18 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %19 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %20 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %21 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %22 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %24 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %25 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %26 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %27 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %30 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %34 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %40 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %44 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %45 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+          %8 = OpVariable %7 Input
+         %10 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %11 = OpTypeBool
+         %15 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+         %16 = OpTypePointer Function %15
+         %23 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %32 = OpConstant %6 -0.5
+         %33 = OpConstant %6 -0.300000012
+         %43 = OpTypePointer Output %15
+         %44 = OpVariable %43 Output
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+          %9 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %12 = OpFOrdLessThanEqual %11 %9 %10
+               OpSelectionMerge %14 None
+               OpBranchConditional %12 %28 %13
+         %13 = OpLabel
+         %18 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %19 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sqrt %18
+         %20 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %21 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FSign %20
+         %22 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %24 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FMax %22 %23
+         %25 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %26 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Floor %25
+         %27 = OpCompositeConstruct %15 %19 %21 %24 %26
+               OpBranch %14
+         %28 = OpLabel
+         %29 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %30 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log %29
+         %31 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %34 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FClamp %31 %32 %33
+         %35 = OpFMul %6 %30 %34
+         %36 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %37 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sin %36
+         %38 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %39 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Cos %38
+         %40 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %41 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %40
+         %42 = OpCompositeConstruct %15 %35 %37 %39 %41
+               OpBranch %14
+         %14 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpPhi %15 %27 %13 %42 %28
+               OpStore %44 %45
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, ReorderedIfBlocks) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 46
++; Bound: 47
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %8 %44
+ OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpName %4 "main"
+ OpName %8 "v"
+ OpName %44 "color"
+ OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %18 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %19 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %20 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %23 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %24 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %25 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %26 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %27 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %30 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %34 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %40 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %44 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %45 RelaxedPrecision
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %7 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+ %8 = OpVariable %7 Input
+ %10 = OpConstant %6 0
+ %11 = OpTypeBool
+ %15 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+ %16 = OpTypePointer Function %15
+ %21 = OpConstant %6 -0.5
+ %22 = OpConstant %6 -0.300000012
+ %38 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+ %43 = OpTypePointer Output %15
+ %44 = OpVariable %43 Output
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %9 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %12 = OpFOrdLessThanEqual %11 %9 %10
+ OpSelectionMerge %14 None
+ OpBranchConditional %12 %13 %32
+ %32 = OpLabel
+ %33 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %34 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sqrt %33
+ %35 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %36 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FSign %35
+ %37 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %39 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FMax %37 %38
+ %40 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %41 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Floor %40
+ %42 = OpCompositeConstruct %15 %34 %36 %39 %41
+ OpBranch %14
+ %13 = OpLabel
+ %18 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %19 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log %18
+ %20 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %23 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FClamp %20 %21 %22
+ %24 = OpFMul %6 %19 %23
+ %25 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %26 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sin %25
+ %27 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %28 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Cos %27
+ %29 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %30 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %29
+ %31 = OpCompositeConstruct %15 %24 %26 %28 %30
+ OpBranch %14
+ %14 = OpLabel
+-%45 = OpPhi %15 %31 %13 %42 %32
++%45 = OpPhi %15 %42 %32 %31 %13
+ OpStore %44 %45
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, ReorderedIfBlocksNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %8 %44
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %18 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %19 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %20 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %23 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %24 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %25 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %26 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %27 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %30 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %34 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %40 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %44 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %45 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+          %8 = OpVariable %7 Input
+         %10 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %11 = OpTypeBool
+         %15 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+         %16 = OpTypePointer Function %15
+         %21 = OpConstant %6 -0.5
+         %22 = OpConstant %6 -0.300000012
+         %38 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %43 = OpTypePointer Output %15
+         %44 = OpVariable %43 Output
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+          %9 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %12 = OpFOrdLessThanEqual %11 %9 %10
+               OpSelectionMerge %14 None
+               OpBranchConditional %12 %13 %32
+         %13 = OpLabel
+         %18 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %19 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log %18
+         %20 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %23 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FClamp %20 %21 %22
+         %24 = OpFMul %6 %19 %23
+         %25 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %26 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sin %25
+         %27 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %28 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Cos %27
+         %29 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %30 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %29
+         %31 = OpCompositeConstruct %15 %24 %26 %28 %30
+               OpBranch %14
+         %32 = OpLabel
+         %33 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %34 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sqrt %33
+         %35 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %36 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FSign %35
+         %37 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %39 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FMax %37 %38
+         %40 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %41 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Floor %40
+         %42 = OpCompositeConstruct %15 %34 %36 %39 %41
+               OpBranch %14
+         %14 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpPhi %15 %31 %13 %42 %32
+               OpStore %44 %45
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %8 %44
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %18 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %19 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %20 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %21 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %22 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %24 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %25 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %26 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %27 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %30 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %34 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %40 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %44 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %45 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+          %8 = OpVariable %7 Input
+         %10 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %11 = OpTypeBool
+         %15 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+         %16 = OpTypePointer Function %15
+         %23 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %32 = OpConstant %6 -0.5
+         %33 = OpConstant %6 -0.300000012
+         %43 = OpTypePointer Output %15
+         %44 = OpVariable %43 Output
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+          %9 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %12 = OpFOrdLessThanEqual %11 %9 %10
+               OpSelectionMerge %14 None
+               OpBranchConditional %12 %28 %13
+         %13 = OpLabel
+         %18 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %19 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sqrt %18
+         %20 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %21 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FSign %20
+         %22 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %24 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FMax %22 %23
+         %25 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %26 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Floor %25
+         %27 = OpCompositeConstruct %15 %19 %21 %24 %26
+               OpBranch %14
+         %28 = OpLabel
+         %29 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %30 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log %29
+         %31 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %34 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FClamp %31 %32 %33
+         %35 = OpFMul %6 %30 %34
+         %36 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %37 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sin %36
+         %38 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %39 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Cos %38
+         %40 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %41 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %40
+         %42 = OpCompositeConstruct %15 %35 %37 %39 %41
+               OpBranch %14
+         %14 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpPhi %15 %27 %13 %42 %28
+               OpStore %44 %45
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 46
++; Bound: 47
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %8 %44
+ OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %18 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %19 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %20 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %23 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %24 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %25 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %26 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %27 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %30 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %34 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %40 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %44 Location 0
+ OpDecorate %45 RelaxedPrecision
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %7 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+ %8 = OpVariable %7 Input
+ %10 = OpConstant %6 0
+ %11 = OpTypeBool
+ %15 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+ %16 = OpTypePointer Function %15
+ %21 = OpConstant %6 -0.5
+ %22 = OpConstant %6 -0.300000012
+ %38 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+ %43 = OpTypePointer Output %15
+ %44 = OpVariable %43 Output
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %9 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %12 = OpFOrdLessThanEqual %11 %9 %10
+ OpSelectionMerge %14 None
+ OpBranchConditional %12 %13 %32
+ %32 = OpLabel
+ %33 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %34 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sqrt %33
+ %35 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %36 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FSign %35
+ %37 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %39 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FMax %37 %38
+ %40 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %41 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Floor %40
+ %42 = OpCompositeConstruct %15 %34 %36 %39 %41
+ OpBranch %14
+ %13 = OpLabel
+ %18 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %19 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log %18
+ %20 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %23 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FClamp %20 %21 %22
+ %24 = OpFMul %6 %19 %23
+ %25 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %26 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sin %25
+ %27 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %28 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Cos %27
+ %29 = OpLoad %6 %8
+ %30 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %29
+ %31 = OpCompositeConstruct %15 %24 %26 %28 %30
+ OpBranch %14
+ %14 = OpLabel
+-%45 = OpPhi %15 %31 %13 %42 %32
++%45 = OpPhi %15 %42 %32 %31 %13
+ OpStore %44 %45
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_if_blocks_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_if_blocks_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd1d6d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_if_blocks_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %8 %44
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %8 "v"
+               OpName %44 "color"
+               OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %18 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %19 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %20 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %21 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %22 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %24 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %25 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %26 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %27 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %30 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %34 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %38 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %40 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %44 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %45 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+          %8 = OpVariable %7 Input
+         %10 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %11 = OpTypeBool
+         %15 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+         %16 = OpTypePointer Function %15
+         %23 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %32 = OpConstant %6 -0.5
+         %33 = OpConstant %6 -0.300000012
+         %43 = OpTypePointer Output %15
+         %44 = OpVariable %43 Output
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+          %9 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %12 = OpFOrdLessThanEqual %11 %9 %10
+               OpSelectionMerge %14 None
+               OpBranchConditional %12 %28 %13
+         %13 = OpLabel
+         %18 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %19 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sqrt %18
+         %20 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %21 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FSign %20
+         %22 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %24 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FMax %22 %23
+         %25 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %26 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Floor %25
+         %27 = OpCompositeConstruct %15 %19 %21 %24 %26
+               OpBranch %14
+         %28 = OpLabel
+         %29 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %30 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log %29
+         %31 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %34 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FClamp %31 %32 %33
+         %35 = OpFMul %6 %30 %34
+         %36 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %37 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sin %36
+         %38 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %39 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Cos %38
+         %40 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %41 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %40
+         %42 = OpCompositeConstruct %15 %35 %37 %39 %41
+               OpBranch %14
+         %14 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpPhi %15 %27 %13 %42 %28
+               OpStore %44 %45
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_if_blocks_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_if_blocks_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..209cb45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_if_blocks_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+;; Test where src and dst have the true and false blocks of an if reordered.
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %8 %44
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %8 "v"
+               OpName %44 "color"
+               OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %18 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %19 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %20 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %23 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %24 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %25 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %26 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %27 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %28 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %29 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %30 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %31 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %33 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %34 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %35 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %36 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %37 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %39 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %40 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %41 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %42 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %44 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %44 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %45 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+          %8 = OpVariable %7 Input
+         %10 = OpConstant %6 0
+         %11 = OpTypeBool
+         %15 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+         %16 = OpTypePointer Function %15
+         %21 = OpConstant %6 -0.5
+         %22 = OpConstant %6 -0.300000012
+         %38 = OpConstant %6 0.5
+         %43 = OpTypePointer Output %15
+         %44 = OpVariable %43 Output
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+          %9 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %12 = OpFOrdLessThanEqual %11 %9 %10
+               OpSelectionMerge %14 None
+               OpBranchConditional %12 %13 %32
+         %13 = OpLabel
+         %18 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %19 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Log %18
+         %20 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %23 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FClamp %20 %21 %22
+         %24 = OpFMul %6 %19 %23
+         %25 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %26 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sin %25
+         %27 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %28 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Cos %27
+         %29 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %30 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Exp %29
+         %31 = OpCompositeConstruct %15 %24 %26 %28 %30
+               OpBranch %14
+         %32 = OpLabel
+         %33 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %34 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Sqrt %33
+         %35 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %36 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FSign %35
+         %37 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %39 = OpExtInst %6 %1 FMax %37 %38
+         %40 = OpLoad %6 %8
+         %41 = OpExtInst %6 %1 Floor %40
+         %42 = OpCompositeConstruct %15 %34 %36 %39 %41
+               OpBranch %14
+         %14 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpPhi %15 %31 %13 %42 %32
+               OpStore %44 %45
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_switch_blocks_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_switch_blocks_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0ba48d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_switch_blocks_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Test where src and dst have cases of a switch in different order.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %7 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %7 0 "i"
+               OpName %9 ""
+               OpName %23 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %23 0 "o"
+               OpName %25 ""
+               OpMemberDecorate %7 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %7 Block
+               OpDecorate %9 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %9 Binding 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %23 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %23 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %25 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %25 Binding 1
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %7 = OpTypeStruct %6
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Uniform %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Uniform
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %11 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %12 = OpTypePointer Uniform %6
+         %23 = OpTypeStruct %6
+         %24 = OpTypePointer Uniform %23
+         %25 = OpVariable %24 Uniform
+         %28 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %34 = OpConstant %6 2
+         %52 = OpConstant %6 1
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpAccessChain %12 %9 %11
+         %14 = OpLoad %6 %13
+               OpSelectionMerge %22 None
+               OpSwitch %14 %21 0 %15 1 %16 2 %17 3 %18 4 %19 5 %20
+         %21 = OpLabel
+         %54 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %55 = OpLoad %6 %54
+         %56 = OpIAdd %6 %55 %34
+         %57 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %57 %56
+               OpBranch %22
+         %15 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %27 = OpLoad %6 %26
+         %29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %28
+               OpStore %26 %29
+               OpBranch %22
+         %16 = OpLabel
+         %31 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %32 = OpLoad %6 %31
+         %33 = OpISub %6 %32 %28
+               OpStore %31 %33
+               OpBranch %17
+         %17 = OpLabel
+         %35 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %36 = OpLoad %6 %35
+         %37 = OpIMul %6 %36 %34
+         %38 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %38 %37
+               OpBranch %22
+         %18 = OpLabel
+         %40 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %41 = OpLoad %6 %40
+         %42 = OpUDiv %6 %41 %34
+         %43 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %43 %42
+               OpBranch %22
+         %19 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %46 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %47 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %48 = OpLoad %6 %47
+         %49 = OpIMul %6 %46 %48
+         %50 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %50 %49
+               OpBranch %22
+         %20 = OpLabel
+         %53 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %53 %52
+               OpBranch %21
+         %22 = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %7 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %7 0 "i"
+               OpName %9 ""
+               OpName %23 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %23 0 "o"
+               OpName %25 ""
+               OpMemberDecorate %7 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %7 Block
+               OpDecorate %9 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %9 Binding 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %23 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %23 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %25 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %25 Binding 1
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %7 = OpTypeStruct %6
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Uniform %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Uniform
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %11 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %12 = OpTypePointer Uniform %6
+         %23 = OpTypeStruct %6
+         %24 = OpTypePointer Uniform %23
+         %25 = OpVariable %24 Uniform
+         %28 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %34 = OpConstant %6 2
+         %52 = OpConstant %6 1
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpAccessChain %12 %9 %11
+         %14 = OpLoad %6 %13
+               OpSelectionMerge %22 None
+               OpSwitch %14 %21 0 %15 1 %16 2 %17 3 %18 4 %19 5 %20
+         %17 = OpLabel
+         %35 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %36 = OpLoad %6 %35
+         %37 = OpIMul %6 %36 %34
+         %38 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %38 %37
+               OpBranch %22
+         %18 = OpLabel
+         %40 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %41 = OpLoad %6 %40
+         %42 = OpUDiv %6 %41 %34
+         %43 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %43 %42
+               OpBranch %22
+         %21 = OpLabel
+         %54 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %55 = OpLoad %6 %54
+         %56 = OpIAdd %6 %55 %34
+         %57 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %57 %56
+               OpBranch %22
+         %20 = OpLabel
+         %53 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %53 %52
+               OpBranch %21
+         %15 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %27 = OpLoad %6 %26
+         %29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %28
+               OpStore %26 %29
+               OpBranch %22
+         %19 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %46 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %47 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %48 = OpLoad %6 %47
+         %49 = OpIMul %6 %46 %48
+         %50 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %50 %49
+               OpBranch %22
+         %16 = OpLabel
+         %31 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %32 = OpLoad %6 %31
+         %33 = OpISub %6 %32 %28
+               OpStore %31 %33
+               OpBranch %17
+         %22 = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, ReorderedSwitchBlocks) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 58
++; Bound: 62
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+ OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpName %4 "main"
+ OpName %7 "BufferIn"
+ OpMemberName %7 0 "i"
+ OpName %9 ""
+ OpName %23 "BufferOut"
+ OpMemberName %23 0 "o"
+ OpName %25 ""
+ OpMemberDecorate %7 0 Offset 0
+ OpDecorate %7 Block
+ OpDecorate %9 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %9 Binding 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %23 0 Offset 0
+ OpDecorate %23 BufferBlock
+ OpDecorate %25 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %25 Binding 1
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %7 = OpTypeStruct %6
+ %8 = OpTypePointer Uniform %7
+ %9 = OpVariable %8 Uniform
+ %10 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %11 = OpConstant %10 0
+ %12 = OpTypePointer Uniform %6
+ %23 = OpTypeStruct %6
+ %24 = OpTypePointer Uniform %23
+ %25 = OpVariable %24 Uniform
+ %28 = OpConstant %10 1
+ %34 = OpConstant %6 2
+ %52 = OpConstant %6 1
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %13 = OpAccessChain %12 %9 %11
+ %14 = OpLoad %6 %13
+ OpSelectionMerge %22 None
+ OpSwitch %14 %21 0 %15 1 %16 2 %17 3 %18 4 %19 5 %20
+ %20 = OpLabel
+ %53 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ OpStore %53 %52
+ OpBranch %21
+ %19 = OpLabel
+ %45 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ %46 = OpLoad %6 %45
+ %47 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ %48 = OpLoad %6 %47
+ %49 = OpIMul %6 %46 %48
+ %50 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ OpStore %50 %49
+ OpBranch %22
+ %18 = OpLabel
+ %40 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ %41 = OpLoad %6 %40
+ %42 = OpUDiv %6 %41 %34
+ %43 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ OpStore %43 %42
+ OpBranch %22
+ %16 = OpLabel
+ %31 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ %32 = OpLoad %6 %31
+ %33 = OpISub %6 %32 %28
+ OpStore %31 %33
+ OpBranch %17
+ %17 = OpLabel
+ %35 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ %36 = OpLoad %6 %35
+ %37 = OpIMul %6 %36 %34
+ %38 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ OpStore %38 %37
+ OpBranch %22
+ %15 = OpLabel
+ %26 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ %27 = OpLoad %6 %26
+ %29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %28
+ OpStore %26 %29
+ OpBranch %22
+ %21 = OpLabel
+ %54 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ %55 = OpLoad %6 %54
+ %56 = OpIAdd %6 %55 %34
+ %57 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ OpStore %57 %56
+ OpBranch %22
+ %22 = OpLabel
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, ReorderedSwitchBlocksNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpMemberDecorate %7 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %7 Block
+               OpDecorate %9 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %9 Binding 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %23 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %23 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %25 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %25 Binding 1
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %7 = OpTypeStruct %6
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Uniform %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Uniform
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %11 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %12 = OpTypePointer Uniform %6
+         %23 = OpTypeStruct %6
+         %24 = OpTypePointer Uniform %23
+         %25 = OpVariable %24 Uniform
+         %28 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %34 = OpConstant %6 2
+         %52 = OpConstant %6 1
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpAccessChain %12 %9 %11
+         %14 = OpLoad %6 %13
+               OpSelectionMerge %22 None
+               OpSwitch %14 %21 0 %15 1 %16 2 %17 3 %18 4 %19 5 %20
+         %21 = OpLabel
+         %54 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %55 = OpLoad %6 %54
+         %56 = OpIAdd %6 %55 %34
+         %57 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %57 %56
+               OpBranch %22
+         %15 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %27 = OpLoad %6 %26
+         %29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %28
+               OpStore %26 %29
+               OpBranch %22
+         %16 = OpLabel
+         %31 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %32 = OpLoad %6 %31
+         %33 = OpISub %6 %32 %28
+               OpStore %31 %33
+               OpBranch %17
+         %17 = OpLabel
+         %35 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %36 = OpLoad %6 %35
+         %37 = OpIMul %6 %36 %34
+         %38 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %38 %37
+               OpBranch %22
+         %18 = OpLabel
+         %40 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %41 = OpLoad %6 %40
+         %42 = OpUDiv %6 %41 %34
+         %43 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %43 %42
+               OpBranch %22
+         %19 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %46 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %47 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %48 = OpLoad %6 %47
+         %49 = OpIMul %6 %46 %48
+         %50 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %50 %49
+               OpBranch %22
+         %20 = OpLabel
+         %53 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %53 %52
+               OpBranch %21
+         %22 = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpMemberDecorate %7 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %7 Block
+               OpDecorate %9 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %9 Binding 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %23 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %23 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %25 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %25 Binding 1
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %7 = OpTypeStruct %6
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Uniform %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Uniform
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %11 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %12 = OpTypePointer Uniform %6
+         %23 = OpTypeStruct %6
+         %24 = OpTypePointer Uniform %23
+         %25 = OpVariable %24 Uniform
+         %28 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %34 = OpConstant %6 2
+         %52 = OpConstant %6 1
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpAccessChain %12 %9 %11
+         %14 = OpLoad %6 %13
+               OpSelectionMerge %22 None
+               OpSwitch %14 %21 0 %15 1 %16 2 %17 3 %18 4 %19 5 %20
+         %17 = OpLabel
+         %35 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %36 = OpLoad %6 %35
+         %37 = OpIMul %6 %36 %34
+         %38 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %38 %37
+               OpBranch %22
+         %18 = OpLabel
+         %40 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %41 = OpLoad %6 %40
+         %42 = OpUDiv %6 %41 %34
+         %43 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %43 %42
+               OpBranch %22
+         %21 = OpLabel
+         %54 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %55 = OpLoad %6 %54
+         %56 = OpIAdd %6 %55 %34
+         %57 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %57 %56
+               OpBranch %22
+         %20 = OpLabel
+         %53 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %53 %52
+               OpBranch %21
+         %15 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %27 = OpLoad %6 %26
+         %29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %28
+               OpStore %26 %29
+               OpBranch %22
+         %19 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %46 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %47 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %48 = OpLoad %6 %47
+         %49 = OpIMul %6 %46 %48
+         %50 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %50 %49
+               OpBranch %22
+         %16 = OpLabel
+         %31 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %32 = OpLoad %6 %31
+         %33 = OpISub %6 %32 %28
+               OpStore %31 %33
+               OpBranch %17
+         %22 = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 58
++; Bound: 62
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+ OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpMemberDecorate %7 0 Offset 0
+ OpDecorate %7 Block
+ OpDecorate %9 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %9 Binding 0
+ OpMemberDecorate %23 0 Offset 0
+ OpDecorate %23 BufferBlock
+ OpDecorate %25 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %25 Binding 1
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %7 = OpTypeStruct %6
+ %8 = OpTypePointer Uniform %7
+ %9 = OpVariable %8 Uniform
+ %10 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %11 = OpConstant %10 0
+ %12 = OpTypePointer Uniform %6
+ %23 = OpTypeStruct %6
+ %24 = OpTypePointer Uniform %23
+ %25 = OpVariable %24 Uniform
+ %28 = OpConstant %10 1
+ %34 = OpConstant %6 2
+ %52 = OpConstant %6 1
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %13 = OpAccessChain %12 %9 %11
+ %14 = OpLoad %6 %13
+ OpSelectionMerge %22 None
+ OpSwitch %14 %21 0 %15 1 %16 2 %17 3 %18 4 %19 5 %20
+ %20 = OpLabel
+ %53 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ OpStore %53 %52
+ OpBranch %21
+ %19 = OpLabel
+ %45 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ %46 = OpLoad %6 %45
+ %47 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ %48 = OpLoad %6 %47
+ %49 = OpIMul %6 %46 %48
+ %50 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ OpStore %50 %49
+ OpBranch %22
+ %18 = OpLabel
+ %40 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ %41 = OpLoad %6 %40
+ %42 = OpUDiv %6 %41 %34
+ %43 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ OpStore %43 %42
+ OpBranch %22
+ %16 = OpLabel
+ %31 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ %32 = OpLoad %6 %31
+ %33 = OpISub %6 %32 %28
+ OpStore %31 %33
+ OpBranch %17
+ %17 = OpLabel
+ %35 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ %36 = OpLoad %6 %35
+ %37 = OpIMul %6 %36 %34
+ %38 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ OpStore %38 %37
+ OpBranch %22
+ %15 = OpLabel
+ %26 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ %27 = OpLoad %6 %26
+ %29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %28
+ OpStore %26 %29
+ OpBranch %22
+ %21 = OpLabel
+ %54 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ %55 = OpLoad %6 %54
+ %56 = OpIAdd %6 %55 %34
+ %57 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+ OpStore %57 %56
+ OpBranch %22
+ %22 = OpLabel
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_switch_blocks_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_switch_blocks_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8eabb4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_switch_blocks_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %7 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %7 0 "i"
+               OpName %9 ""
+               OpName %23 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %23 0 "o"
+               OpName %25 ""
+               OpMemberDecorate %7 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %7 Block
+               OpDecorate %9 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %9 Binding 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %23 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %23 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %25 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %25 Binding 1
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %7 = OpTypeStruct %6
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Uniform %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Uniform
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %11 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %12 = OpTypePointer Uniform %6
+         %23 = OpTypeStruct %6
+         %24 = OpTypePointer Uniform %23
+         %25 = OpVariable %24 Uniform
+         %28 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %34 = OpConstant %6 2
+         %52 = OpConstant %6 1
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpAccessChain %12 %9 %11
+         %14 = OpLoad %6 %13
+               OpSelectionMerge %22 None
+               OpSwitch %14 %21 0 %15 1 %16 2 %17 3 %18 4 %19 5 %20
+         %17 = OpLabel
+         %35 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %36 = OpLoad %6 %35
+         %37 = OpIMul %6 %36 %34
+         %38 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %38 %37
+               OpBranch %22
+         %18 = OpLabel
+         %40 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %41 = OpLoad %6 %40
+         %42 = OpUDiv %6 %41 %34
+         %43 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %43 %42
+               OpBranch %22
+         %21 = OpLabel
+         %54 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %55 = OpLoad %6 %54
+         %56 = OpIAdd %6 %55 %34
+         %57 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %57 %56
+               OpBranch %22
+         %20 = OpLabel
+         %53 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %53 %52
+               OpBranch %21
+         %15 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %27 = OpLoad %6 %26
+         %29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %28
+               OpStore %26 %29
+               OpBranch %22
+         %19 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %46 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %47 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %48 = OpLoad %6 %47
+         %49 = OpIMul %6 %46 %48
+         %50 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %50 %49
+               OpBranch %22
+         %16 = OpLabel
+         %31 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %32 = OpLoad %6 %31
+         %33 = OpISub %6 %32 %28
+               OpStore %31 %33
+               OpBranch %17
+         %22 = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_switch_blocks_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_switch_blocks_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e377228
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/reordered_switch_blocks_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+;; Test where src and dst have cases of a switch in different order.
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %7 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %7 0 "i"
+               OpName %9 ""
+               OpName %23 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %23 0 "o"
+               OpName %25 ""
+               OpMemberDecorate %7 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %7 Block
+               OpDecorate %9 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %9 Binding 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %23 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %23 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %25 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %25 Binding 1
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %7 = OpTypeStruct %6
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Uniform %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Uniform
+         %10 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %11 = OpConstant %10 0
+         %12 = OpTypePointer Uniform %6
+         %23 = OpTypeStruct %6
+         %24 = OpTypePointer Uniform %23
+         %25 = OpVariable %24 Uniform
+         %28 = OpConstant %10 1
+         %34 = OpConstant %6 2
+         %52 = OpConstant %6 1
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %13 = OpAccessChain %12 %9 %11
+         %14 = OpLoad %6 %13
+               OpSelectionMerge %22 None
+               OpSwitch %14 %21 0 %15 1 %16 2 %17 3 %18 4 %19 5 %20
+         %21 = OpLabel
+         %54 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %55 = OpLoad %6 %54
+         %56 = OpIAdd %6 %55 %34
+         %57 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %57 %56
+               OpBranch %22
+         %15 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %27 = OpLoad %6 %26
+         %29 = OpIAdd %6 %27 %28
+               OpStore %26 %29
+               OpBranch %22
+         %16 = OpLabel
+         %31 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %32 = OpLoad %6 %31
+         %33 = OpISub %6 %32 %28
+               OpStore %31 %33
+               OpBranch %17
+         %17 = OpLabel
+         %35 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %36 = OpLoad %6 %35
+         %37 = OpIMul %6 %36 %34
+         %38 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %38 %37
+               OpBranch %22
+         %18 = OpLabel
+         %40 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %41 = OpLoad %6 %40
+         %42 = OpUDiv %6 %41 %34
+         %43 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %43 %42
+               OpBranch %22
+         %19 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %46 = OpLoad %6 %45
+         %47 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+         %48 = OpLoad %6 %47
+         %49 = OpIMul %6 %46 %48
+         %50 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %50 %49
+               OpBranch %22
+         %20 = OpLabel
+         %53 = OpAccessChain %12 %25 %11
+               OpStore %53 %52
+               OpBranch %21
+         %22 = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/small_functions_small_diffs_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/small_functions_small_diffs_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1a9100
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/small_functions_small_diffs_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,747 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Test where src and dst have many small functions with small differences.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %6 "f1("
+               OpName %8 "f2("
+               OpName %10 "f3("
+               OpName %12 "f4("
+               OpName %14 "f5("
+               OpName %17 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %17 0 "o"
+               OpName %19 ""
+               OpName %22 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %22 0 "i"
+               OpName %24 ""
+               OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %17 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %19 Binding 1
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %22 Block
+               OpDecorate %24 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %24 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %17 = OpTypeStruct %16
+         %18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+         %19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+         %20 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %21 = OpConstant %20 0
+         %22 = OpTypeStruct %16
+         %23 = OpTypePointer Uniform %22
+         %24 = OpVariable %23 Uniform
+         %25 = OpTypePointer Uniform %16
+         %31 = OpConstant %20 1
+         %36 = OpConstant %16 2
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+         %46 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+         %47 = OpFunctionCall %2 %10
+         %48 = OpFunctionCall %2 %12
+         %49 = OpFunctionCall %2 %14
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %21
+         %27 = OpLoad %16 %26
+         %28 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %28 %27
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+         %29 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %30 = OpLoad %16 %29
+         %32 = OpIAdd %16 %30 %31
+               OpStore %29 %32
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %10 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %11 = OpLabel
+         %33 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %34 = OpLoad %16 %33
+         %35 = OpISub %16 %34 %31
+               OpStore %33 %35
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %13 = OpLabel
+         %37 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %38 = OpLoad %16 %37
+         %39 = OpIMul %16 %38 %36
+         %40 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %40 %39
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %14 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %15 = OpLabel
+         %41 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %42 = OpLoad %16 %41
+         %43 = OpUDiv %16 %42 %36
+         %44 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %44 %43
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %6 "f1("
+               OpName %8 "f2("
+               OpName %10 "f3("
+               OpName %12 "f4("
+               OpName %14 "f5("
+               OpName %17 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %17 0 "o"
+               OpName %19 ""
+               OpName %22 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %22 0 "i"
+               OpName %24 ""
+               OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %17 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %19 Binding 1
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %22 Block
+               OpDecorate %24 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %24 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %17 = OpTypeStruct %16
+         %18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+         %19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+         %20 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %21 = OpConstant %20 0
+         %22 = OpTypeStruct %16
+         %23 = OpTypePointer Uniform %22
+         %24 = OpVariable %23 Uniform
+         %25 = OpTypePointer Uniform %16
+         %31 = OpConstant %20 1
+         %36 = OpConstant %16 2
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %21
+         %27 = OpLoad %16 %26
+         %28 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %28 %27
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %14 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %15 = OpLabel
+         %41 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %42 = OpLoad %16 %41
+         %43 = OpIAdd %16 %42 %36
+         %44 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %44 %43
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+         %29 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %30 = OpLoad %16 %29
+         %32 = OpISub %16 %30 %31
+               OpStore %29 %32
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %10 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %11 = OpLabel
+         %33 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %34 = OpLoad %16 %33
+         %35 = OpIAdd %16 %34 %31
+               OpStore %33 %35
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+         %46 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+         %47 = OpFunctionCall %2 %10
+         %48 = OpFunctionCall %2 %12
+         %49 = OpFunctionCall %2 %14
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %13 = OpLabel
+         %37 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %38 = OpLoad %16 %37
+         %39 = OpISub %16 %38 %36
+         %40 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %40 %39
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, SmallFunctionsSmallDiffs) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 50
++; Bound: 54
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+ OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpName %4 "main"
+ OpName %6 "f1("
+ OpName %8 "f2("
+ OpName %10 "f3("
+ OpName %12 "f4("
+ OpName %14 "f5("
+ OpName %17 "BufferOut"
+ OpMemberName %17 0 "o"
+ OpName %19 ""
+ OpName %22 "BufferIn"
+ OpMemberName %22 0 "i"
+ OpName %24 ""
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+ OpDecorate %17 BufferBlock
+ OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %19 Binding 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %22 0 Offset 0
+ OpDecorate %22 Block
+ OpDecorate %24 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %24 Binding 0
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %17 = OpTypeStruct %16
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+ %19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+ %20 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %21 = OpConstant %20 0
+ %22 = OpTypeStruct %16
+ %23 = OpTypePointer Uniform %22
+ %24 = OpVariable %23 Uniform
+ %25 = OpTypePointer Uniform %16
+ %31 = OpConstant %20 1
+ %36 = OpConstant %16 2
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %45 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+ %46 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+ %47 = OpFunctionCall %2 %10
+ %48 = OpFunctionCall %2 %12
+ %49 = OpFunctionCall %2 %14
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %7 = OpLabel
+ %26 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %21
+ %27 = OpLoad %16 %26
+ %28 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+ OpStore %28 %27
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %9 = OpLabel
+ %29 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+ %30 = OpLoad %16 %29
+-%32 = OpIAdd %16 %30 %31
++%50 = OpISub %16 %30 %31
+-OpStore %29 %32
++OpStore %29 %50
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %10 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %11 = OpLabel
+ %33 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+ %34 = OpLoad %16 %33
+-%35 = OpISub %16 %34 %31
++%51 = OpIAdd %16 %34 %31
+-OpStore %33 %35
++OpStore %33 %51
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %13 = OpLabel
+ %37 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+ %38 = OpLoad %16 %37
+-%39 = OpIMul %16 %38 %36
++%52 = OpISub %16 %38 %36
+ %40 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+-OpStore %40 %39
++OpStore %40 %52
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %14 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %15 = OpLabel
+ %41 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+ %42 = OpLoad %16 %41
+-%43 = OpUDiv %16 %42 %36
++%53 = OpIAdd %16 %42 %36
+ %44 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+-OpStore %44 %43
++OpStore %44 %53
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, SmallFunctionsSmallDiffsNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %17 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %19 Binding 1
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %22 Block
+               OpDecorate %24 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %24 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %17 = OpTypeStruct %16
+         %18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+         %19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+         %20 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %21 = OpConstant %20 0
+         %22 = OpTypeStruct %16
+         %23 = OpTypePointer Uniform %22
+         %24 = OpVariable %23 Uniform
+         %25 = OpTypePointer Uniform %16
+         %31 = OpConstant %20 1
+         %36 = OpConstant %16 2
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+         %46 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+         %47 = OpFunctionCall %2 %10
+         %48 = OpFunctionCall %2 %12
+         %49 = OpFunctionCall %2 %14
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %21
+         %27 = OpLoad %16 %26
+         %28 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %28 %27
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+         %29 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %30 = OpLoad %16 %29
+         %32 = OpIAdd %16 %30 %31
+               OpStore %29 %32
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %10 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %11 = OpLabel
+         %33 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %34 = OpLoad %16 %33
+         %35 = OpISub %16 %34 %31
+               OpStore %33 %35
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %13 = OpLabel
+         %37 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %38 = OpLoad %16 %37
+         %39 = OpIMul %16 %38 %36
+         %40 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %40 %39
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %14 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %15 = OpLabel
+         %41 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %42 = OpLoad %16 %41
+         %43 = OpUDiv %16 %42 %36
+         %44 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %44 %43
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %17 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %19 Binding 1
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %22 Block
+               OpDecorate %24 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %24 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %17 = OpTypeStruct %16
+         %18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+         %19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+         %20 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %21 = OpConstant %20 0
+         %22 = OpTypeStruct %16
+         %23 = OpTypePointer Uniform %22
+         %24 = OpVariable %23 Uniform
+         %25 = OpTypePointer Uniform %16
+         %31 = OpConstant %20 1
+         %36 = OpConstant %16 2
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %21
+         %27 = OpLoad %16 %26
+         %28 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %28 %27
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %14 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %15 = OpLabel
+         %41 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %42 = OpLoad %16 %41
+         %43 = OpIAdd %16 %42 %36
+         %44 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %44 %43
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+         %29 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %30 = OpLoad %16 %29
+         %32 = OpISub %16 %30 %31
+               OpStore %29 %32
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %10 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %11 = OpLabel
+         %33 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %34 = OpLoad %16 %33
+         %35 = OpIAdd %16 %34 %31
+               OpStore %33 %35
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+         %46 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+         %47 = OpFunctionCall %2 %10
+         %48 = OpFunctionCall %2 %12
+         %49 = OpFunctionCall %2 %14
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %13 = OpLabel
+         %37 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %38 = OpLoad %16 %37
+         %39 = OpISub %16 %38 %36
+         %40 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %40 %39
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 50
++; Bound: 52
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+ OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+ OpDecorate %17 BufferBlock
+ OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %19 Binding 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %22 0 Offset 0
+ OpDecorate %22 Block
+ OpDecorate %24 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %24 Binding 0
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %17 = OpTypeStruct %16
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+ %19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+ %20 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %21 = OpConstant %20 0
+ %22 = OpTypeStruct %16
+ %23 = OpTypePointer Uniform %22
+ %24 = OpVariable %23 Uniform
+ %25 = OpTypePointer Uniform %16
+ %31 = OpConstant %20 1
+ %36 = OpConstant %16 2
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %45 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+-%46 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
++%46 = OpFunctionCall %2 %10
+-%47 = OpFunctionCall %2 %10
++%47 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+ %48 = OpFunctionCall %2 %12
+ %49 = OpFunctionCall %2 %14
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %7 = OpLabel
+ %26 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %21
+ %27 = OpLoad %16 %26
+ %28 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+ OpStore %28 %27
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %9 = OpLabel
+ %29 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+ %30 = OpLoad %16 %29
+ %32 = OpIAdd %16 %30 %31
+ OpStore %29 %32
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %10 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %11 = OpLabel
+ %33 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+ %34 = OpLoad %16 %33
+ %35 = OpISub %16 %34 %31
+ OpStore %33 %35
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %13 = OpLabel
+ %37 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+ %38 = OpLoad %16 %37
+-%39 = OpIMul %16 %38 %36
++%50 = OpISub %16 %38 %36
+ %40 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+-OpStore %40 %39
++OpStore %40 %50
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %14 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %15 = OpLabel
+ %41 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+ %42 = OpLoad %16 %41
+-%43 = OpUDiv %16 %42 %36
++%51 = OpIAdd %16 %42 %36
+ %44 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+-OpStore %44 %43
++OpStore %44 %51
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, SmallFunctionsSmallDiffsDumpIds) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 50
++; Bound: 54
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+ OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpName %4 "main"
+ OpName %6 "f1("
+ OpName %8 "f2("
+ OpName %10 "f3("
+ OpName %12 "f4("
+ OpName %14 "f5("
+ OpName %17 "BufferOut"
+ OpMemberName %17 0 "o"
+ OpName %19 ""
+ OpName %22 "BufferIn"
+ OpMemberName %22 0 "i"
+ OpName %24 ""
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+ OpDecorate %17 BufferBlock
+ OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %19 Binding 1
+ OpMemberDecorate %22 0 Offset 0
+ OpDecorate %22 Block
+ OpDecorate %24 DescriptorSet 0
+ OpDecorate %24 Binding 0
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %17 = OpTypeStruct %16
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+ %19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+ %20 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+ %21 = OpConstant %20 0
+ %22 = OpTypeStruct %16
+ %23 = OpTypePointer Uniform %22
+ %24 = OpVariable %23 Uniform
+ %25 = OpTypePointer Uniform %16
+ %31 = OpConstant %20 1
+ %36 = OpConstant %16 2
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %45 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+ %46 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+ %47 = OpFunctionCall %2 %10
+ %48 = OpFunctionCall %2 %12
+ %49 = OpFunctionCall %2 %14
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %7 = OpLabel
+ %26 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %21
+ %27 = OpLoad %16 %26
+ %28 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+ OpStore %28 %27
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %9 = OpLabel
+ %29 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+ %30 = OpLoad %16 %29
+-%32 = OpIAdd %16 %30 %31
++%50 = OpISub %16 %30 %31
+-OpStore %29 %32
++OpStore %29 %50
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %10 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %11 = OpLabel
+ %33 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+ %34 = OpLoad %16 %33
+-%35 = OpISub %16 %34 %31
++%51 = OpIAdd %16 %34 %31
+-OpStore %33 %35
++OpStore %33 %51
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %13 = OpLabel
+ %37 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+ %38 = OpLoad %16 %37
+-%39 = OpIMul %16 %38 %36
++%52 = OpISub %16 %38 %36
+ %40 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+-OpStore %40 %39
++OpStore %40 %52
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ %14 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %15 = OpLabel
+ %41 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+ %42 = OpLoad %16 %41
+-%43 = OpUDiv %16 %42 %36
++%53 = OpIAdd %16 %42 %36
+ %44 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+-OpStore %44 %43
++OpStore %44 %53
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+ Src ->  Dst
+   1 ->    1 [ExtInstImport]
+   2 ->    2 [TypeVoid]
+   3 ->    3 [TypeFunction]
+   4 ->    4 [Function]
+   5 ->    5 [Label]
+   6 ->    6 [Function]
+   7 ->    7 [Label]
+   8 ->    8 [Function]
+   9 ->    9 [Label]
+  10 ->   10 [Function]
+  11 ->   11 [Label]
+  12 ->   12 [Function]
+  13 ->   13 [Label]
+  14 ->   14 [Function]
+  15 ->   15 [Label]
+  16 ->   16 [TypeInt]
+  17 ->   17 [TypeStruct]
+  18 ->   18 [TypePointer]
+  19 ->   19 [Variable]
+  20 ->   20 [TypeInt]
+  21 ->   21 [Constant]
+  22 ->   22 [TypeStruct]
+  23 ->   23 [TypePointer]
+  24 ->   24 [Variable]
+  25 ->   25 [TypePointer]
+  26 ->   26 [AccessChain]
+  27 ->   27 [Load]
+  28 ->   28 [AccessChain]
+  29 ->   29 [AccessChain]
+  30 ->   30 [Load]
+  31 ->   31 [Constant]
+  32 ->   50 [IAdd]
+  33 ->   33 [AccessChain]
+  34 ->   34 [Load]
+  35 ->   51 [ISub]
+  36 ->   36 [Constant]
+  37 ->   37 [AccessChain]
+  38 ->   38 [Load]
+  39 ->   52 [IMul]
+  40 ->   40 [AccessChain]
+  41 ->   41 [AccessChain]
+  42 ->   42 [Load]
+  43 ->   53 [UDiv]
+  44 ->   44 [AccessChain]
+  45 ->   45 [FunctionCall]
+  46 ->   46 [FunctionCall]
+  47 ->   47 [FunctionCall]
+  48 ->   48 [FunctionCall]
+  49 ->   49 [FunctionCall]
+)";
+  Options options;
+  options.dump_id_map = true;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/small_functions_small_diffs_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/small_functions_small_diffs_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fabf569
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/small_functions_small_diffs_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %6 "f1("
+               OpName %8 "f2("
+               OpName %10 "f3("
+               OpName %12 "f4("
+               OpName %14 "f5("
+               OpName %17 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %17 0 "o"
+               OpName %19 ""
+               OpName %22 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %22 0 "i"
+               OpName %24 ""
+               OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %17 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %19 Binding 1
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %22 Block
+               OpDecorate %24 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %24 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %17 = OpTypeStruct %16
+         %18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+         %19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+         %20 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %21 = OpConstant %20 0
+         %22 = OpTypeStruct %16
+         %23 = OpTypePointer Uniform %22
+         %24 = OpVariable %23 Uniform
+         %25 = OpTypePointer Uniform %16
+         %31 = OpConstant %20 1
+         %36 = OpConstant %16 2
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %21
+         %27 = OpLoad %16 %26
+         %28 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %28 %27
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %14 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %15 = OpLabel
+         %41 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %42 = OpLoad %16 %41
+         %43 = OpIAdd %16 %42 %36
+         %44 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %44 %43
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+         %29 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %30 = OpLoad %16 %29
+         %32 = OpISub %16 %30 %31
+               OpStore %29 %32
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %10 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %11 = OpLabel
+         %33 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %34 = OpLoad %16 %33
+         %35 = OpIAdd %16 %34 %31
+               OpStore %33 %35
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+         %46 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+         %47 = OpFunctionCall %2 %10
+         %48 = OpFunctionCall %2 %12
+         %49 = OpFunctionCall %2 %14
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %13 = OpLabel
+         %37 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %38 = OpLoad %16 %37
+         %39 = OpISub %16 %38 %36
+         %40 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %40 %39
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/small_functions_small_diffs_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/small_functions_small_diffs_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..895285b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/small_functions_small_diffs_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+;; Test where src and dst have many small functions with small differences.
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %4 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %4 LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %6 "f1("
+               OpName %8 "f2("
+               OpName %10 "f3("
+               OpName %12 "f4("
+               OpName %14 "f5("
+               OpName %17 "BufferOut"
+               OpMemberName %17 0 "o"
+               OpName %19 ""
+               OpName %22 "BufferIn"
+               OpMemberName %22 0 "i"
+               OpName %24 ""
+               OpMemberDecorate %17 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %17 BufferBlock
+               OpDecorate %19 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %19 Binding 1
+               OpMemberDecorate %22 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %22 Block
+               OpDecorate %24 DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %24 Binding 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+         %16 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+         %17 = OpTypeStruct %16
+         %18 = OpTypePointer Uniform %17
+         %19 = OpVariable %18 Uniform
+         %20 = OpTypeInt 32 1
+         %21 = OpConstant %20 0
+         %22 = OpTypeStruct %16
+         %23 = OpTypePointer Uniform %22
+         %24 = OpVariable %23 Uniform
+         %25 = OpTypePointer Uniform %16
+         %31 = OpConstant %20 1
+         %36 = OpConstant %16 2
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %45 = OpFunctionCall %2 %6
+         %46 = OpFunctionCall %2 %8
+         %47 = OpFunctionCall %2 %10
+         %48 = OpFunctionCall %2 %12
+         %49 = OpFunctionCall %2 %14
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %6 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %7 = OpLabel
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %25 %24 %21
+         %27 = OpLoad %16 %26
+         %28 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %28 %27
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+          %8 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %9 = OpLabel
+         %29 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %30 = OpLoad %16 %29
+         %32 = OpIAdd %16 %30 %31
+               OpStore %29 %32
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %10 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %11 = OpLabel
+         %33 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %34 = OpLoad %16 %33
+         %35 = OpISub %16 %34 %31
+               OpStore %33 %35
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %12 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %13 = OpLabel
+         %37 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %38 = OpLoad %16 %37
+         %39 = OpIMul %16 %38 %36
+         %40 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %40 %39
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+         %14 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+         %15 = OpLabel
+         %41 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+         %42 = OpLoad %16 %41
+         %43 = OpUDiv %16 %42 %36
+         %44 = OpAccessChain %25 %19 %21
+               OpStore %44 %43
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_array_size_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_array_size_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1962d27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_array_size_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Tests that identical specialization constants are not matched with constants
+// when used as array size.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+OpName %19 ""
+OpName %22 "main"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %5 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+OpName %19 ""
+OpName %22 "main"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpDecorate %15 SpecId 4
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+%15 = OpSpecConstant %5 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %5 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, SpecConstantArraySize) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 27
++; Bound: 36
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+ OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+ OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+ OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+ OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+ OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+ OpName %19 ""
+ OpName %22 "main"
+ OpDecorate %4 Location 0
++OpDecorate %34 SpecId 4
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+ OpDecorate %17 Block
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+-%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+-%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
++%34 = OpSpecConstant %5 8
++%35 = OpTypeArray %1 %34
+-%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
++%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %35 %35
+ %20 = OpTypeVoid
+ %25 = OpConstant %5 0
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+ %13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+ %21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+ %22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+ %23 = OpLabel
+ %24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+ %26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+ OpStore %26 %24
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, SpecConstantArraySizeNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %5 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpDecorate %15 SpecId 4
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+%15 = OpSpecConstant %5 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %5 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 27
++; Bound: 36
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpDecorate %4 Location 0
++OpDecorate %34 SpecId 4
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+ OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+ OpDecorate %17 Block
+ %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+ %2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+ %5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+ %8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+-%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+-%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
++%34 = OpSpecConstant %5 8
++%35 = OpTypeArray %1 %34
+-%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
++%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %35 %35
+ %20 = OpTypeVoid
+ %25 = OpConstant %5 0
+ %3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+ %13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+ %18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+ %21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+ %4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+ %19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+ %22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+ %23 = OpLabel
+ %24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+ %26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+ OpStore %26 %24
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_array_size_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_array_size_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cedf08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_array_size_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+OpName %19 ""
+OpName %22 "main"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpDecorate %15 SpecId 4
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+%15 = OpSpecConstant %5 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %5 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_array_size_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_array_size_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e17e04a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_array_size_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+;; Tests that identical specialization constants are not matched with constants
+;; when used as array size.
+; SPIR-V
+; Version: 1.0
+; Generator: Google ANGLE Shader Compiler; 0
+; Bound: 27
+; Schema: 0
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %22 "main" %4 %19
+OpSource GLSL 450
+OpName %4 "_ua_position"
+OpName %17 "gl_PerVertex"
+OpMemberName %17 0 "gl_Position"
+OpMemberName %17 1 "gl_PointSize"
+OpMemberName %17 2 "gl_ClipDistance"
+OpMemberName %17 3 "gl_CullDistance"
+OpName %19 ""
+OpName %22 "main"
+OpDecorate %4 Location 0
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 RelaxedPrecision
+OpMemberDecorate %17 0 BuiltIn Position
+OpMemberDecorate %17 1 BuiltIn PointSize
+OpMemberDecorate %17 2 BuiltIn ClipDistance
+OpMemberDecorate %17 3 BuiltIn CullDistance
+OpDecorate %17 Block
+%1 = OpTypeFloat 32
+%2 = OpTypeVector %1 4
+%5 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%8 = OpTypeVector %5 4
+%15 = OpConstant %5 8
+%16 = OpTypeArray %1 %15
+%17 = OpTypeStruct %2 %1 %16 %16
+%20 = OpTypeVoid
+%25 = OpConstant %5 0
+%3 = OpTypePointer Input %2
+%13 = OpTypePointer Output %2
+%18 = OpTypePointer Output %17
+%21 = OpTypeFunction %20
+%4 = OpVariable %3 Input
+%19 = OpVariable %18 Output
+%22 = OpFunction %20 None %21
+%23 = OpLabel
+%24 = OpLoad %2 %4
+%26 = OpAccessChain %13 %19 %25
+OpStore %26 %24
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_composite_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_composite_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4b52cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_composite_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Tests OpSpecConstantComposite matching.
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %main "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %main LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpName %main "main"
+               OpDecorate %7 SpecId 3
+               OpDecorate %8 SpecId 4
+               OpDecorate %gl_WorkGroupSize BuiltIn WorkgroupSize
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %7 = OpSpecConstant %uint 1
+          %8 = OpSpecConstant %uint 1
+     %uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
+     %v3uint = OpTypeVector %uint 3
+%gl_WorkGroupSize = OpSpecConstantComposite %v3uint %7 %8 %uint_1
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %main "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %main LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpName %main "main"
+               OpDecorate %7 SpecId 3
+               OpDecorate %8 SpecId 4
+               OpDecorate %gl_WorkGroupSize BuiltIn WorkgroupSize
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %7 = OpSpecConstant %uint 2048
+          %8 = OpSpecConstant %uint 1
+     %uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
+     %v3uint = OpTypeVector %uint 3
+%gl_WorkGroupSize = OpSpecConstantComposite %v3uint %7 %8 %uint_1
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, SpecConstantComposite) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+ ; Bound: 12
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint GLCompute %2 "main"
+ OpExecutionMode %2 LocalSize 1 1 1
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpName %2 "main"
+ OpDecorate %7 SpecId 3
+ OpDecorate %8 SpecId 4
+ OpDecorate %4 BuiltIn WorkgroupSize
+ %6 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %6
+ %9 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+-%7 = OpSpecConstant %9 1
++%7 = OpSpecConstant %9 2048
+ %8 = OpSpecConstant %9 1
+ %10 = OpConstant %9 1
+ %11 = OpTypeVector %9 3
+ %4 = OpSpecConstantComposite %11 %7 %8 %10
+ %2 = OpFunction %6 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, SpecConstantCompositeNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %main "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %main LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpDecorate %7 SpecId 3
+               OpDecorate %8 SpecId 4
+               OpDecorate %gl_WorkGroupSize BuiltIn WorkgroupSize
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %7 = OpSpecConstant %uint 1
+          %8 = OpSpecConstant %uint 1
+     %uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
+     %v3uint = OpTypeVector %uint 3
+%gl_WorkGroupSize = OpSpecConstantComposite %v3uint %7 %8 %uint_1
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %main "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %main LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpDecorate %7 SpecId 3
+               OpDecorate %8 SpecId 4
+               OpDecorate %gl_WorkGroupSize BuiltIn WorkgroupSize
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %7 = OpSpecConstant %uint 2048
+          %8 = OpSpecConstant %uint 1
+     %uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
+     %v3uint = OpTypeVector %uint 3
+%gl_WorkGroupSize = OpSpecConstantComposite %v3uint %7 %8 %uint_1
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+ ; Bound: 12
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint GLCompute %2 "main"
+ OpExecutionMode %2 LocalSize 1 1 1
+ OpSource GLSL 450
+ OpDecorate %7 SpecId 3
+ OpDecorate %8 SpecId 4
+ OpDecorate %4 BuiltIn WorkgroupSize
+ %6 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %6
+ %9 = OpTypeInt 32 0
+-%7 = OpSpecConstant %9 1
++%7 = OpSpecConstant %9 2048
+ %8 = OpSpecConstant %9 1
+ %10 = OpConstant %9 1
+ %11 = OpTypeVector %9 3
+ %4 = OpSpecConstantComposite %11 %7 %8 %10
+ %2 = OpFunction %6 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_composite_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_composite_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ab8d4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_composite_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %main "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %main LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpName %main "main"
+               OpDecorate %7 SpecId 3
+               OpDecorate %8 SpecId 4
+               OpDecorate %gl_WorkGroupSize BuiltIn WorkgroupSize
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %7 = OpSpecConstant %uint 2048
+          %8 = OpSpecConstant %uint 1
+     %uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
+     %v3uint = OpTypeVector %uint 3
+%gl_WorkGroupSize = OpSpecConstantComposite %v3uint %7 %8 %uint_1
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_composite_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_composite_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee48ef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/spec_constant_composite_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+;; Tests OpSpecConstantComposite matching.
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint GLCompute %main "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %main LocalSize 1 1 1
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpName %main "main"
+               OpDecorate %7 SpecId 3
+               OpDecorate %8 SpecId 4
+               OpDecorate %gl_WorkGroupSize BuiltIn WorkgroupSize
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+          %7 = OpSpecConstant %uint 1
+          %8 = OpSpecConstant %uint 1
+     %uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
+     %v3uint = OpTypeVector %uint 3
+%gl_WorkGroupSize = OpSpecConstantComposite %v3uint %7 %8 %uint_1
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/unrelated_shaders_autogen.cpp b/test/diff/diff_files/unrelated_shaders_autogen.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1a58cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/unrelated_shaders_autogen.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+// GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT.
+// Generated by generate_tests.py
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "../diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+// Tests diff of unrelated shaders (with different execution models).
+constexpr char kSrc[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main" %8 %10
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %8 "v"
+               OpName %10 "a"
+               OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %10 Location 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypePointer Output %6
+          %8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+          %9 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %10 = OpVariable %9 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %11 = OpLoad %6 %10
+               OpStore %8 %11
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+constexpr char kDst[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %9 "color"
+               OpName %11 "v"
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+         %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
+         %13 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %12 %12 %12 %12
+               OpStore %9 %13
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+
+TEST(DiffTest, UnrelatedShaders) {
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 12
++; Bound: 16
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+-OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main" %8 %10
++OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %14 %8
++OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource ESSL 310
+ OpName %4 "main"
++OpName %14 "color"
+ OpName %8 "v"
+-OpName %10 "a"
++OpDecorate %14 RelaxedPrecision
++OpDecorate %14 Location 0
++OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+-OpDecorate %10 Location 0
++OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
++OpDecorate %15 RelaxedPrecision
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+-%7 = OpTypePointer Output %6
++%12 = OpTypeVector %6 4
++%13 = OpTypePointer Output %12
++%14 = OpVariable %13 Output
+-%8 = OpVariable %7 Output
++%8 = OpVariable %9 Input
+ %9 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+-%10 = OpVariable %9 Input
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+-%11 = OpLoad %6 %10
++%11 = OpLoad %6 %8
+-OpStore %8 %11
++%15 = OpCompositeConstruct %12 %11 %11 %11 %11
++OpStore %14 %15
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrc, kDst, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffTest, UnrelatedShadersNoDebug) {
+  constexpr char kSrcNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main" %8 %10
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %10 Location 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypePointer Output %6
+          %8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+          %9 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %10 = OpVariable %9 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %11 = OpLoad %6 %10
+               OpStore %8 %11
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDstNoDebug[] = R"(               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+         %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
+         %13 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %12 %12 %12 %12
+               OpStore %9 %13
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+  constexpr char kDiff[] = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+-; Bound: 12
++; Bound: 15
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+ %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+-OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main" %8 %10
++OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %8 %10
++OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+ OpSource ESSL 310
++OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %8 Location 0
++OpDecorate %10 RelaxedPrecision
+ OpDecorate %10 Location 0
++OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
++OpDecorate %14 RelaxedPrecision
+ %2 = OpTypeVoid
+ %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+ %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+-%7 = OpTypePointer Output %6
++%12 = OpTypeVector %6 4
++%13 = OpTypePointer Output %12
+-%8 = OpVariable %7 Output
++%8 = OpVariable %13 Output
+ %9 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+ %10 = OpVariable %9 Input
+ %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ %11 = OpLoad %6 %10
++%14 = OpCompositeConstruct %12 %11 %11 %11 %11
+-OpStore %8 %11
++OpStore %8 %14
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  Options options;
+  DoStringDiffTest(kSrcNoDebug, kDstNoDebug, kDiff, options);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/unrelated_shaders_dst.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/unrelated_shaders_dst.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..719715b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/unrelated_shaders_dst.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %4 "main" %9 %11
+               OpExecutionMode %4 OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %9 "color"
+               OpName %11 "v"
+               OpDecorate %9 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %9 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %11 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %11 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %12 RelaxedPrecision
+               OpDecorate %13 RelaxedPrecision
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypeVector %6 4
+          %8 = OpTypePointer Output %7
+          %9 = OpVariable %8 Output
+         %10 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %11 = OpVariable %10 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %12 = OpLoad %6 %11
+         %13 = OpCompositeConstruct %7 %12 %12 %12 %12
+               OpStore %9 %13
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_files/unrelated_shaders_src.spvasm b/test/diff/diff_files/unrelated_shaders_src.spvasm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e77b2d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_files/unrelated_shaders_src.spvasm
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+;; Tests diff of unrelated shaders (with different execution models).
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %4 "main" %8 %10
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %4 "main"
+               OpName %8 "v"
+               OpName %10 "a"
+               OpDecorate %8 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %10 Location 0
+          %2 = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+          %6 = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %7 = OpTypePointer Output %6
+          %8 = OpVariable %7 Output
+          %9 = OpTypePointer Input %6
+         %10 = OpVariable %9 Input
+          %4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %11 = OpLoad %6 %10
+               OpStore %8 %11
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_test.cpp b/test/diff/diff_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b11d0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "source/diff/diff.h"
+
+#include "diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "source/opt/build_module.h"
+#include "source/opt/ir_context.h"
+#include "source/spirv_constant.h"
+#include "spirv-tools/libspirv.hpp"
+#include "tools/io.h"
+#include "tools/util/cli_consumer.h"
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+constexpr auto kDefaultEnvironment = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6;
+
+std::unique_ptr<spvtools::opt::IRContext> Assemble(const std::string& spirv) {
+  spvtools::SpirvTools t(kDefaultEnvironment);
+  t.SetMessageConsumer(spvtools::utils::CLIMessageConsumer);
+  std::vector<uint32_t> binary;
+  if (!t.Assemble(spirv, &binary,
+                  spvtools::SpirvTools::kDefaultAssembleOption |
+                      SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS))
+    return nullptr;
+  return spvtools::BuildModule(kDefaultEnvironment,
+                               spvtools::utils::CLIMessageConsumer,
+                               binary.data(), binary.size());
+}
+
+TEST(DiffIndentTest, Diff) {
+  const std::string src = R"(OpCapability Shader
+    %ext_inst = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+    OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+    OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
+    OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+    %void = OpTypeVoid
+    %func = OpTypeFunction %void
+
+    %main = OpFunction %void None %func
+    %main_entry = OpLabel
+    OpReturn
+    OpFunctionEnd;)";
+
+  const std::string dst = R"(OpCapability Shader
+    OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+    OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
+    OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+    %void = OpTypeVoid
+    %func = OpTypeFunction %void
+
+    %main = OpFunction %void None %func
+    %main_entry = OpLabel
+    OpReturn
+    OpFunctionEnd;)";
+
+  const std::string diff = R"( ; SPIR-V
+ ; Version: 1.6
+ ; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 0
+ ; Bound: 6
+ ; Schema: 0
+                OpCapability Shader
+-          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+                OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+                OpEntryPoint Fragment %2 "main"
+                OpExecutionMode %2 OriginUpperLeft
+           %3 = OpTypeVoid
+           %4 = OpTypeFunction %3
+           %2 = OpFunction %3 None %4
+           %5 = OpLabel
+                OpReturn
+                OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  Options options;
+  options.indent = true;
+  DoStringDiffTest(src, dst, diff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffNoHeaderTest, Diff) {
+  const std::string src = R"(OpCapability Shader
+    %ext_inst = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+    OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+    OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
+    OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+    %void = OpTypeVoid
+    %func = OpTypeFunction %void
+
+    %main = OpFunction %void None %func
+    %main_entry = OpLabel
+    OpReturn
+    OpFunctionEnd;)";
+
+  const std::string dst = R"(OpCapability Shader
+    OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+    OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
+    OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+    %void = OpTypeVoid
+    %func = OpTypeFunction %void
+
+    %main = OpFunction %void None %func
+    %main_entry = OpLabel
+    OpReturn
+    OpFunctionEnd;)";
+
+  const std::string diff = R"( OpCapability Shader
+-%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Fragment %2 "main"
+ OpExecutionMode %2 OriginUpperLeft
+ %3 = OpTypeVoid
+ %4 = OpTypeFunction %3
+ %2 = OpFunction %3 None %4
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  Options options;
+  options.no_header = true;
+  DoStringDiffTest(src, dst, diff, options);
+}
+
+TEST(DiffHeaderTest, Diff) {
+  const std::string src_spirv = R"(OpCapability Shader
+    %ext_inst = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+    OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+    OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
+    OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+    %void = OpTypeVoid
+    %func = OpTypeFunction %void
+
+    %main = OpFunction %void None %func
+    %main_entry = OpLabel
+    OpReturn
+    OpFunctionEnd;)";
+
+  const std::string dst_spirv = R"(OpCapability Shader
+    OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+    OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
+    OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+    %void = OpTypeVoid
+    %func = OpTypeFunction %void
+
+    %main = OpFunction %void None %func
+    %main_entry = OpLabel
+    OpReturn
+    OpFunctionEnd;)";
+
+  const std::string diff = R"( ; SPIR-V
+-; Version: 1.3
++; Version: 1.2
+-; Generator: Khronos SPIR-V Tools Assembler; 3
++; Generator: Khronos Glslang Reference Front End; 10
+ ; Bound: 6
+ ; Schema: 0
+ OpCapability Shader
+-%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+ OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+ OpEntryPoint Fragment %2 "main"
+ OpExecutionMode %2 OriginUpperLeft
+ %3 = OpTypeVoid
+ %4 = OpTypeFunction %3
+ %2 = OpFunction %3 None %4
+ %5 = OpLabel
+ OpReturn
+ OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  // Load the src and dst modules
+  std::unique_ptr<spvtools::opt::IRContext> src = Assemble(src_spirv);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(src);
+
+  std::unique_ptr<spvtools::opt::IRContext> dst = Assemble(dst_spirv);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dst);
+
+  // Differentiate them in the header.
+  const spvtools::opt::ModuleHeader src_header = {
+      SpvMagicNumber,
+      SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_WORD(1, 3),
+      SPV_GENERATOR_WORD(SPV_GENERATOR_KHRONOS_ASSEMBLER, 3),
+      src->module()->IdBound(),
+      src->module()->schema(),
+  };
+  const spvtools::opt::ModuleHeader dst_header = {
+      SpvMagicNumber,
+      SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_WORD(1, 2),
+      SPV_GENERATOR_WORD(SPV_GENERATOR_KHRONOS_GLSLANG, 10),
+      dst->module()->IdBound(),
+      dst->module()->schema(),
+  };
+
+  src->module()->SetHeader(src_header);
+  dst->module()->SetHeader(dst_header);
+
+  // Take the diff
+  Options options;
+  std::ostringstream diff_result;
+  spv_result_t result =
+      spvtools::diff::Diff(src.get(), dst.get(), diff_result, options);
+  ASSERT_EQ(result, SPV_SUCCESS);
+
+  // Expect they match
+  EXPECT_EQ(diff_result.str(), diff);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_test_utils.cpp b/test/diff/diff_test_utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14bb821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_test_utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "diff_test_utils.h"
+
+#include "source/opt/build_module.h"
+#include "source/opt/ir_context.h"
+
+#include "spirv-tools/libspirv.hpp"
+#include "tools/io.h"
+#include "tools/util/cli_consumer.h"
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+
+static constexpr auto kDefaultEnvironment = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6;
+
+void DoStringDiffTest(const std::string& src_spirv,
+                      const std::string& dst_spirv,
+                      const std::string& expected_diff, Options options) {
+  // Load the src and dst modules
+  std::unique_ptr<spvtools::opt::IRContext> src = spvtools::BuildModule(
+      kDefaultEnvironment, spvtools::utils::CLIMessageConsumer, src_spirv,
+      spvtools::SpirvTools::kDefaultAssembleOption |
+          SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(src);
+
+  std::unique_ptr<spvtools::opt::IRContext> dst = spvtools::BuildModule(
+      kDefaultEnvironment, spvtools::utils::CLIMessageConsumer, dst_spirv,
+      spvtools::SpirvTools::kDefaultAssembleOption |
+          SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dst);
+
+  // Take the diff
+  std::ostringstream diff_result;
+  spv_result_t result =
+      spvtools::diff::Diff(src.get(), dst.get(), diff_result, options);
+  ASSERT_EQ(result, SPV_SUCCESS);
+
+  // Expect they match
+  EXPECT_EQ(diff_result.str(), expected_diff);
+}
+
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/diff/diff_test_utils.h b/test/diff/diff_test_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..938236e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/diff_test_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef TEST_DIFF_DIFF_TEST_UTILS_H_
+#define TEST_DIFF_DIFF_TEST_UTILS_H_
+
+#include "source/diff/diff.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+
+void DoStringDiffTest(const std::string& src_spirv,
+                      const std::string& dst_spirv,
+                      const std::string& expected_diff, Options options);
+
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
+
+#endif  // TEST_DIFF_DIFF_TEST_UTILS_H_
diff --git a/test/diff/lcs_test.cpp b/test/diff/lcs_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e097b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/diff/lcs_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "source/diff/lcs.h"
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace diff {
+namespace {
+
+using Sequence = std::vector<int>;
+using LCS = LongestCommonSubsequence<Sequence>;
+
+void VerifyMatch(const Sequence& src, const Sequence& dst,
+                 size_t expected_match_count) {
+  DiffMatch src_match, dst_match;
+
+  LCS lcs(src, dst);
+  size_t match_count =
+      lcs.Get<int>([](int s, int d) { return s == d; }, &src_match, &dst_match);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(match_count, expected_match_count);
+
+  size_t src_cur = 0;
+  size_t dst_cur = 0;
+  size_t matches_seen = 0;
+
+  while (src_cur < src.size() && dst_cur < dst.size()) {
+    if (src_match[src_cur] && dst_match[dst_cur]) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(src[src_cur], dst[dst_cur])
+          << "Src: " << src_cur << " Dst: " << dst_cur;
+      ++src_cur;
+      ++dst_cur;
+      ++matches_seen;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (!src_match[src_cur]) {
+      ++src_cur;
+    }
+    if (!dst_match[dst_cur]) {
+      ++dst_cur;
+    }
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(matches_seen, expected_match_count);
+}
+
+TEST(LCSTest, EmptySequences) {
+  Sequence src, dst;
+
+  DiffMatch src_match, dst_match;
+
+  LCS lcs(src, dst);
+  size_t match_count =
+      lcs.Get<int>([](int s, int d) { return s == d; }, &src_match, &dst_match);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(match_count, 0u);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(src_match.empty());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(dst_match.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(LCSTest, EmptySrc) {
+  Sequence src, dst = {1, 2, 3};
+
+  DiffMatch src_match, dst_match;
+
+  LCS lcs(src, dst);
+  size_t match_count =
+      lcs.Get<int>([](int s, int d) { return s == d; }, &src_match, &dst_match);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(match_count, 0u);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(src_match.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(dst_match, DiffMatch(3, false));
+}
+
+TEST(LCSTest, EmptyDst) {
+  Sequence src = {1, 2, 3}, dst;
+
+  DiffMatch src_match, dst_match;
+
+  LCS lcs(src, dst);
+  size_t match_count =
+      lcs.Get<int>([](int s, int d) { return s == d; }, &src_match, &dst_match);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(match_count, 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(src_match, DiffMatch(3, false));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(dst_match.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(LCSTest, Identical) {
+  Sequence src = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, dst = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
+
+  DiffMatch src_match, dst_match;
+
+  LCS lcs(src, dst);
+  size_t match_count =
+      lcs.Get<int>([](int s, int d) { return s == d; }, &src_match, &dst_match);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(match_count, 6u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(src_match, DiffMatch(6, true));
+  EXPECT_EQ(dst_match, DiffMatch(6, true));
+}
+
+TEST(LCSTest, SrcPrefix) {
+  Sequence src = {1, 2, 3, 4}, dst = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
+
+  DiffMatch src_match, dst_match;
+
+  LCS lcs(src, dst);
+  size_t match_count =
+      lcs.Get<int>([](int s, int d) { return s == d; }, &src_match, &dst_match);
+
+  const DiffMatch src_expect = {true, true, true, true};
+  const DiffMatch dst_expect = {true, true, true, true, false, false};
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(match_count, 4u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(src_match, src_expect);
+  EXPECT_EQ(dst_match, dst_expect);
+}
+
+TEST(LCSTest, DstPrefix) {
+  Sequence src = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, dst = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+
+  DiffMatch src_match, dst_match;
+
+  LCS lcs(src, dst);
+  size_t match_count =
+      lcs.Get<int>([](int s, int d) { return s == d; }, &src_match, &dst_match);
+
+  const DiffMatch src_expect = {true, true, true, true, true, false};
+  const DiffMatch dst_expect = {true, true, true, true, true};
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(match_count, 5u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(src_match, src_expect);
+  EXPECT_EQ(dst_match, dst_expect);
+}
+
+TEST(LCSTest, SrcSuffix) {
+  Sequence src = {3, 4, 5, 6}, dst = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
+
+  DiffMatch src_match, dst_match;
+
+  LCS lcs(src, dst);
+  size_t match_count =
+      lcs.Get<int>([](int s, int d) { return s == d; }, &src_match, &dst_match);
+
+  const DiffMatch src_expect = {true, true, true, true};
+  const DiffMatch dst_expect = {false, false, true, true, true, true};
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(match_count, 4u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(src_match, src_expect);
+  EXPECT_EQ(dst_match, dst_expect);
+}
+
+TEST(LCSTest, DstSuffix) {
+  Sequence src = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, dst = {5, 6};
+
+  DiffMatch src_match, dst_match;
+
+  LCS lcs(src, dst);
+  size_t match_count =
+      lcs.Get<int>([](int s, int d) { return s == d; }, &src_match, &dst_match);
+
+  const DiffMatch src_expect = {false, false, false, false, true, true};
+  const DiffMatch dst_expect = {true, true};
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(match_count, 2u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(src_match, src_expect);
+  EXPECT_EQ(dst_match, dst_expect);
+}
+
+TEST(LCSTest, None) {
+  Sequence src = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}, dst = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12};
+
+  DiffMatch src_match, dst_match;
+
+  LCS lcs(src, dst);
+  size_t match_count =
+      lcs.Get<int>([](int s, int d) { return s == d; }, &src_match, &dst_match);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(match_count, 0u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(src_match, DiffMatch(5, false));
+  EXPECT_EQ(dst_match, DiffMatch(6, false));
+}
+
+TEST(LCSTest, NonContiguous) {
+  Sequence src = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10}, dst = {2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12};
+
+  DiffMatch src_match, dst_match;
+
+  LCS lcs(src, dst);
+  size_t match_count =
+      lcs.Get<int>([](int s, int d) { return s == d; }, &src_match, &dst_match);
+
+  const DiffMatch src_expect = {false, true, false, true, true, false, true};
+  const DiffMatch dst_expect = {true, true, true, false, false, true, false};
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(match_count, 4u);
+  EXPECT_EQ(src_match, src_expect);
+  EXPECT_EQ(dst_match, dst_expect);
+}
+
+TEST(LCSTest, WithDuplicates) {
+  Sequence src = {1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4},
+           dst = {1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4};
+  VerifyMatch(src, dst, 6);
+}
+
+TEST(LCSTest, Large) {
+  const std::string src_str =
+      "GUJwrJSlkKJXxCVIAxlVgnUyOrdyRyFtlZwWMmFhYGfkFTNnhiBmClgHyrcXMVwfrRxNUfQk"
+      "qaoGvCbPZHAzXsaZpXHPfJxOMCUtRDmIQpfiXKbHQbhTfPqhxBDWvmTQAqwsWTLajZYtMUnf"
+      "hNNCfkuAXkZsaebwEbIZOxTDZsqSMUfCMoGeKJGVSNFgLTiBMbdvchHGfFRkHKcYCDjBfIcj"
+      "todPnvDjzQYWBcvIfVvyBzHikrwpDORaGEZLhmyztIFCLJOqeLhOzERYmVqzlsoUzruTXTXq"
+      "DLTxQRakOCMRrgRzCDTXfwwfDcKMBVnxRZemjcwcEsOVxwtwdBCWJycsDcZKlvrCvZaenKlv"
+      "vyByDQeLdxAyBnPkIMQlMQwqjUfRLybeoaOanlbFkpTPPZdHelQrIvucTHzMpWWQTbuANwvN"
+      "OVhCGGoIcGNDpfIsaBexlMMdHsxMGerTngmjpdPeQQJHfvKZkdYqAzrtDohqtDsaFMxQViVQ"
+      "YszDVgyoSHZdOXAvXkJidojLvGZOzhRajVPhWDwKuGqdaympELxHsrXAJYufdCPwJdGJfWqq"
+      "yvTWpcrFHOIuCEmNLnSCDsxQGRVDwyCykBJazhApfCnrOadnafvqfVuFqEXMSrYbHTfTnzbz"
+      "MhISyOtMUITaurCXvanCbuOXBhHyCjOhVbxnMvhlPmZBMQgEHCghtAJVMXGPNRtszVZlPxVl"
+      "QIPTBnPUPejlyZGPqeICyNngdQGkvKbIoWlTLBtVhMdBeUMozNlKQTIPYBeImVcMdLafuxUf"
+      "TIXysmcTrUTcspOSKBxhdhLwiRnREGFWJTfUKsgGOAQeYojXdrqsGjMJfiKalyoiqrgLnlij"
+      "CtOapoxDGVOOBalNYGzCtBlxbvaAzxipGnJpOEbmXcpeoIsAdxspKBzBDgoPVxnuRBUwmTSr"
+      "CRpWhxikgUYQVCwalLUIeBPRyhhsECGCXJmGDZSCIUaBwROkigzdeVPOXhgCGBEprWtNdYfL"
+      "tOUYJHQXxiIJgSGmWntezJFpNQoTPbRRYAGhtYvAechvBcYWocLkYFxsDAuszvQNLXdhmAHw"
+      "DErcjbtCdQllnKcDADVNWVezljjLrAuyGHetINMgAvJZwOEYakihYVUbZGCsHEufluLNyNHy"
+      "gqtSTSFFjBHiIqQejTPWybLdpWNwZrWvIWnlzUcGNQPEYHVPCbteWknjAnWrdTBeCbHUDBoK"
+      "aHvDStmpNRGIjvlumiZTbdZNAzUeSFnFChCsSExwXeEfDJfjyOoSBofHzJqJErvHLNyUJTjX"
+      "qmtgKPpMKohUPBMhtCteQFcNEpWrUVGbibMOpvBwdiWYXNissArpSasVJFgDzrqTyGkerTMX"
+      "gcrzFUGFZRhNdekaJeKYPogsofJaRsUQmIRyYdkrxKeMgLPpwOfSKJOqzXDoeHljTzhOwEVy"
+      "krOEnACFrWhufajsMitjOWdLOHHchQDddGPzxknEgdwmZepKDvRZGCuPqzeQkjOPqUBKpKLJ"
+      "eKieSsRXkaqxSPGajfvPKmwFWdLByEcLgvrmteazgFjmMGrLYqRRxzUOfOCokenqHVYstBHf"
+      "AwsWsqPTvqsRJUfGGTaYiylZMGbQqTzINhFHvdlRQvvYKBcuAHdBeKlHSxVrSsEKbcAvnIcf"
+      "xzdVDdwQPHMCHeZZRpGHWvKzgTGzSTbYTeOPyKvvYWmQToTpsjAtKUJUjcEHWhmdBLDTBMHJ"
+      "ivBXcLGtCsumNNVFyGbVviGmqHTdyBlkneibXBesKJGOUzOtIwXCPJggqBekSzNQYkALlItk"
+      "cbEhbdXAIKVHYpInLwxXalKZrkrpxtfuagqMGmRJnJbFQaEoYMoqPsxZpocddPXXPyvxVkaF"
+      "qdKISejWDhBImnEEOPDcyWTubbfVfwUztciaFJcsPLhgYVfhqlOfoNjKbmTFptFttYuyBrUI"
+      "zzmZypOqrjQHTGFwlHStpIwxPtMvtsEDpsmWIgwzYgwmdpbMOnfElZMYpVIcvzSWejeJcdUB"
+      "QUoBRUmGQVVWvEDseuozrDjgdXFScPwwsgaUPwSzScfBNrkpmEFDSZLKfNjMqvOmUtocUkbo"
+      "VGFEKgGLbNruwLgXHTloWDrnqymPVAtzjWPutonIsMDPeeCmTjYWAFXcyTAlBeiJTIRkZxiM"
+      "kLjMnAflSNJzmZkatXkYiPEMYSmzHbLKEizHbEjQOxBDzpRHiFjhedqiyMiUMvThjaRFmwll"
+      "aMGgwKBIKepwyoEdnuhtzJzboiNEAFKiqiWxxmkRFRoTiFWXLPAWLuzSCrajgkQhDxAQDqyM"
+      "VwZlhZicQLEDYYisEalesDWZAYzcvENuHUwRutIsGgsdoYwOZiURhcgdbTGWBNqhrFjvTQCj"
+      "VlTPNlRdRLaaqzUBBwbdtyXFkCBUYYMbmRrkFxfxbCqkgZNGyHPKLkOPnezfVTRmRQgCgHbx"
+      "wcZlInVOwmFePnSIbThMJosimzkhfuiqYEpwHQiemqsSDNNdbNhBLzbsPZBJZujSHJGtYKGb"
+      "HaAYGJZxBumsKUrATwPuqXFLfwNyImLQbchBKiJAYRZhkcrKCHXBEGYyBhBGvSqvabcRUrfq"
+      "AbPiMzjHAehGYjDEmxAnYLyoSFdeWVrfJUCuYZPluhXEBuyUpKaRXDKXeiCvGidpvATwMbcz"
+      "DZpzxrhTZYyrFORFQWTbPLCBjMKMhlRMFEiarDgGPttjmkrQVlujztMSkxXffXFNqLWOLThI"
+      "KBoyMHoFTEPCdUAZjLTifAdjjUehyDLEGKlRTFoLpjalziRSUjZfRYbNzhiHgTHowMMkKTwE"
+      "ZgnqiirMtnNpaBJqhcIVrWXPpcPWZfRpsPstHleFJDZYAsxYhOREVbFtebXTZRAIjGgWeoiN"
+      "qPLCCAVadqmUrjOcqIbdCTpcDRWuDVbHrZOQRPhqbyvOWwxAWJphjLiDgoAybcjzgfVktPlj"
+      "kNBCjelpuQfnYsiTgPpCNKYtOrxGaLEEtAuLdGdDsONHNhSn";
+  const std::string dst_str =
+      "KzitfifORCbGhfNEbnbObUdFLLaAsLOpMkOeKupjCoatzqfHBkNJfSgqSMYouswfNMnoQngK"
+      "jWwyPKmEnoZWyPBUdQRmKUNudUclueKXKQefUdXWUyyqtumzsFKznrLVLwfvPZpLChNYrrHK"
+      "AtpfOuVHiUKyeRCrktJAhkyFKmPWrASEMvBLNOzuGlvinZjvZUUXazNEkyMPiOLdqXvCIroC"
+      "MeWsvjHShlLhDwLZrVlpYBnDJmILcsNFDSoaLWOKNNkNGBgNBvVjPCJXAuKfsrKZhYcdEpxK"
+      "UihiRkYvMiLyOUvaqBMklLDwEhvQBfCXHSRoqsLsSCzLZQhIYMhBapvHaPbDoRrHoJXZsNXc"
+      "rxZYCrOMIzYcVPwDCFiHBFnPNTTeAeKEMGeVUeCaAeuWZmngyPWlQBcgWumSUIfbhjVYdnpV"
+      "hRSJXrIoFZubBXfNOMhilAkVPixrhILZKgDoFTvytPFPfBLMnbhSOBmLWCbJsLQxrCrMAlOw"
+      "RmfSQyGhrjhzYVqFSBHeoQBagFwyxIjcHFZngntpVHbSwqhwHeMnWSsISPljTxSNXfCxLebW"
+      "GhMdlphtJbdvhEcjNpwPCFqhdquxCyOxkjsDUPNgjpDcpIMhMwMclNhfESTrroJaoyeGQclV"
+      "gonnhuQRmXcBwcsWeLqjNngZOlyMyfeQBwnwMVJEvGqknDyzSApniRTPgJpFoDkJJhXQFuFB"
+      "VqhuEPMRGCeTDOSEFmXeIHOnDxaJacvnmORwVpmrRhGjDpUCkuODNPdZMdupYExDEDnDLdNF"
+      "iObKBaVWpGVMKdgNLgsNxcpypBPPKKoaajeSGPZQJWSOKrkLjiFexYVmUGxJnbTNsCXXLfZp"
+      "jfxQAEVYvqKehBzMsVHVGWmTshWFAoCNDkNppzzjHBZWckrzSTANICioCJSpLwPwQvtXVxst"
+      "nTRBAboPFREEUFazibpFesCsjzUOnECwoPCOFiwGORlIZVLpUkJyhYXCENmzTBLVigOFuCWO"
+      "IiXBYmiMtsxnUdoqSTTGyEFFrQsNAjcDdOKDtHwlANWoUVwiJCMCQFILdGqzEePuSXFbOEOz"
+      "dLlEnTJbKRSTfAFToOZNtDXTfFgvQiefAKbSUWUXFcpCjRYCBNXCCcLMjjuUDXErpiNsRuIx"
+      "mgHsrObTEXcnmjdqxTGhTjTeYizNnkrJRhNQIqDXmZMwArBccnixpcuiGOOexjgkpcEyGAnz"
+      "UbgiBfflTUyJfZeFFLrZVueFkSRosebnnwAnakIrywTGByhQKWvmNQJsWQezqLhHQzXnEpeD"
+      "rFRTSQSpVxPzSeEzfWYzfpcenxsUyzOMLxhNEhfcuprDtqubsXehuqKqZlLQeSclvoGjuKJK"
+      "XoWrazsgjXXnkWHdqFESZdMGDYldyYdbpSZcgBPgEKLWZHfBirNPLUadmajYkiEzmGuWGELB"
+      "WLiSrMdaGSbptKmgYVqMGcQaaATStiZYteGAPxSEBHuAzzjlRHYsrdDkaGNXmzRGoalJMiCC"
+      "GMtWSDMhgvRSEgKnywbRgnqWXFlwrhXbbvcgLGtWSuKQBiqIlWkfPMozOTWgVoLHavDJGRYI"
+      "YerrmZnTMtuuxmZALWakfzUbksTwoetqkOiRPGqGZepcVXHoZyOaaaijjZWQLlIhYwiQNbfc"
+      "KCwhhFaMQBoaCnOecJEdKzdsMPFEYQuJNPYiiNtsYxaWBRuWjlLqGokHMNtyTQfSJKbgGdol"
+      "fWlOZdupouQMfUWXIYHzyJHefMDnqxxasDxtgArvDqtwjDBaVEMACPkLFpiDOoKCHqkWVizh"
+      "lKqbOHpsPKkhjRQRNGYRYEfxtBjYvlCvHBNUwVuIwDJYMqHxEFtwdLqYWvjdOfQmNiviDfUq"
+      "pbucbNwjNQfMYgwUuPnQWIPOlqHcbjtuDXvTzLtkdBQanJbrmLSyFqSapZCSPMDOrxWVYzyO"
+      "lwDTTJFmKxoyfPunadkHcrcSQaQsAbrQtbhqwSTXGTPURYTCbNozjAVwbmcyVxIbZudBZWYm"
+      "rnSDyelGCRRWYtrUxvOVWlTLHHdYuAmVMGnGbHscbjmjmAzmYLaCxNNwhmMYdExKvySxuYpE"
+      "rVGwfqMngBCHnZodotNaNJZiNRFWubuPDfiywXPiyVWoQMeOlSuWmpilLTIFOvfpjmJTgrWa"
+      "dgoxYeyPyOaglOvZVGdFOBSeqEcGXBwjoeUAXqkpvOxEpSXhmklKZydTvRVYVvfQdRNNDkCT"
+      "dLNfcZCFQbZORdcDOhwotoyccrSbWvlqYMoiAYeEpDzZTvkamapzZMmCpEutZFCcHBWGIIkr"
+      "urwDNHrobaErPpclyEegLJDtkfUWSNWZosWSbBGAHIvJsFNUlJXbnkSVycLkOVQVcNcUtiBy"
+      "djLDIFsycbPBEWaMvCbntNtJlOeCttvXypGnHAQFnFSiXFWWqonWuVIKmVPpKXuJtFguXCWC"
+      "rNExYYvxLGEmuZJLJDjHgjlQyOzeieCpizJxkrdqKCgomyEkvsyVYSsLeyLvOZQrrgEJgRFK"
+      "CjYtoOfluNrLdRMTRkQXmAiMRFwloYECpXCReAMxOkNiwCtutsrqWoMHsrogRqPoUCueonvW"
+      "MTwmkAkajfGJkhnQidwpwIMEttQkzIMOPvvyWZHpqkMHWlNTeSKibfRfwDyxveKENZhtlPwP"
+      "dfAjwegjRcavtFnkkTNVYdCdCrgdUvzsIcqmUjwGmVvuuQvjVrWWIDBmAzQtiZPYvCOEWjce"
+      "rWzeqVKeiYTJBOedmQCVidOgUIEjfRnbGvUbctYxfRybJkdmeAkLZQMRMGPOnsPbFswXAoCK"
+      "IxWGwohoPpEJxslbqHFKSwknxTmrDCITRZWEDkGQeucPxHBdYkduwbYhKnoxCKhgjBFiFawC"
+      "QtgTDldTQmlOsBiGLquMjuecAbrUJJvNtXbFNGjWxaZPimSRXUJWgRbydpsczOqSFIeEtuKA"
+      "ZpRhmLtPdVNKdSDQZeeImUFmUwXApRTUNHItyvFyJtNtn";
+
+  Sequence src;
+  Sequence dst;
+
+  src.reserve(src_str.length());
+  dst.reserve(dst_str.length());
+
+  for (char c : src_str) {
+    src.push_back(c);
+  }
+  for (char c : dst_str) {
+    dst.push_back(c);
+  }
+
+  VerifyMatch(src, dst, 723);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace diff
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/ext_inst.cldebug100_test.cpp b/test/ext_inst.cldebug100_test.cpp
index 4f1e106..0bbdd3a 100644
--- a/test/ext_inst.cldebug100_test.cpp
+++ b/test/ext_inst.cldebug100_test.cpp
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@
     OpenCLDebugInfo100DebugSource, ExtInstCLDebugInfo100RoundTripTest,
     ::testing::ValuesIn(std::vector<InstructionCase>({
         // TODO(dneto): Should this be a list of sourc texts,
-        // to accomodate length limits?
+        // to accommodate length limits?
         CASE_I(Source),
         CASE_II(Source),
     })));
diff --git a/test/ext_inst.opencl_test.cpp b/test/ext_inst.opencl_test.cpp
index 7547d92..d80a9bd 100644
--- a/test/ext_inst.opencl_test.cpp
+++ b/test/ext_inst.opencl_test.cpp
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@
         CASE3(UMad_hi, u_mad_hi), // enum value 204
     })));
 
-// OpenCL.std: 2.3 Common instrucitons
+// OpenCL.std: 2.3 Common instructions
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
     OpenCLCommon, ExtInstOpenCLStdRoundTripTest,
     ::testing::ValuesIn(std::vector<InstructionCase>({
diff --git a/test/fuzz/fuzz_test_util.cpp b/test/fuzz/fuzz_test_util.cpp
index bf0a4ff..93c9c58 100644
--- a/test/fuzz/fuzz_test_util.cpp
+++ b/test/fuzz/fuzz_test_util.cpp
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
   json_options.add_whitespace = true;
   auto json_generation_status = google::protobuf::util::MessageToJsonString(
       transformations, &json_string, json_options);
-  if (json_generation_status == google::protobuf::util::Status::OK) {
+  if (json_generation_status.ok()) {
     std::ofstream transformations_json_file(filename);
     transformations_json_file << json_string;
     transformations_json_file.close();
diff --git a/test/fuzz/fuzzerutil_test.cpp b/test/fuzz/fuzzerutil_test.cpp
index 0ad3e74..1286d38 100644
--- a/test/fuzz/fuzzerutil_test.cpp
+++ b/test/fuzz/fuzzerutil_test.cpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(fuzzerutil::MaybeFindBlock(ir_context, block_id2) != nullptr);
   // Block with id 13 cannot be found.
   ASSERT_FALSE(fuzzerutil::MaybeFindBlock(ir_context, block_id3) != nullptr);
-  // Block with id 8 exisits but don't not of type OpLabel.
+  // Block with id 8 exists but don't not of type OpLabel.
   ASSERT_FALSE(fuzzerutil::MaybeFindBlock(ir_context, block_id4) != nullptr);
 }
 
@@ -965,7 +965,7 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(
       91, fuzzerutil::MaybeGetPointerType(ir_context, 90, input_storage_class));
 
-  // A pointer with id=91 and pointee type 90 exisits, but the type should be
+  // A pointer with id=91 and pointee type 90 exists, but the type should be
   // input.
   ASSERT_EQ(0, fuzzerutil::MaybeGetPointerType(ir_context, 90,
                                                function_storage_class));
diff --git a/test/fuzz/transformation_add_parameter_test.cpp b/test/fuzz/transformation_add_parameter_test.cpp
index 2ae60c9..7f069b5 100644
--- a/test/fuzz/transformation_add_parameter_test.cpp
+++ b/test/fuzz/transformation_add_parameter_test.cpp
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@
       transformation_bad_3.IsApplicable(context.get(), transformation_context));
 
   // Function with id 14 does not have any callers.
-  // Bad: Id 18 is not a vaild type.
+  // Bad: Id 18 is not a valid type.
   TransformationAddParameter transformation_bad_4(14, 50, 18, {{}}, 51);
   ASSERT_FALSE(
       transformation_bad_4.IsApplicable(context.get(), transformation_context));
diff --git a/test/fuzz/transformation_add_type_int_test.cpp b/test/fuzz/transformation_add_type_int_test.cpp
index ed8e00a..4cbfed0 100644
--- a/test/fuzz/transformation_add_type_int_test.cpp
+++ b/test/fuzz/transformation_add_type_int_test.cpp
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
       transformation.IsApplicable(context.get(), transformation_context));
 
   // By default SPIR-V does not support 16-bit integers.
-  // Below we add such capability, so the test should now be succesful.
+  // Below we add such capability, so the test should now be successful.
   context.get()->get_feature_mgr()->AddCapability(SpvCapabilityInt16);
   ASSERT_TRUE(TransformationAddTypeInt(7, 16, true)
                   .IsApplicable(context.get(), transformation_context));
diff --git a/test/fuzz/transformation_adjust_branch_weights_test.cpp b/test/fuzz/transformation_adjust_branch_weights_test.cpp
index 1bf2c59..5984a3e 100644
--- a/test/fuzz/transformation_adjust_branch_weights_test.cpp
+++ b/test/fuzz/transformation_adjust_branch_weights_test.cpp
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
                                                kConsoleMessageConsumer));
   TransformationContext transformation_context(
       MakeUnique<FactManager>(context.get()), validator_options);
-  // Tests OpBranchConditional instruction with weigths.
+  // Tests OpBranchConditional instruction with weights.
   auto instruction_descriptor =
       MakeInstructionDescriptor(33, SpvOpBranchConditional, 0);
   auto transformation =
diff --git a/test/fuzzers/BUILD.gn b/test/fuzzers/BUILD.gn
index 2aef4e8..fc458a4 100644
--- a/test/fuzzers/BUILD.gn
+++ b/test/fuzzers/BUILD.gn
@@ -87,18 +87,21 @@
 spvtools_fuzzer("spvtools_opt_performance_fuzzer_src") {
   sources = [
     "spvtools_opt_performance_fuzzer.cpp",
+    "spvtools_opt_fuzzer_common.cpp",
   ]
 }
 
 spvtools_fuzzer("spvtools_opt_legalization_fuzzer_src") {
   sources = [
     "spvtools_opt_legalization_fuzzer.cpp",
+    "spvtools_opt_fuzzer_common.cpp",
   ]
 }
 
 spvtools_fuzzer("spvtools_opt_size_fuzzer_src") {
   sources = [
     "spvtools_opt_size_fuzzer.cpp",
+    "spvtools_opt_fuzzer_common.cpp",
   ]
 }
 
diff --git a/test/fuzzers/CMakeLists.txt b/test/fuzzers/CMakeLists.txt
index 50c4589..e1fe516 100644
--- a/test/fuzzers/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/fuzzers/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@
   add_spvtools_libfuzzer_target(TARGET spvtools_as_fuzzer SRCS spvtools_as_fuzzer.cpp random_generator.cpp LIBS ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
   add_spvtools_libfuzzer_target(TARGET spvtools_binary_parser_fuzzer SRCS spvtools_binary_parser_fuzzer.cpp random_generator.cpp LIBS ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
   add_spvtools_libfuzzer_target(TARGET spvtools_dis_fuzzer SRCS spvtools_dis_fuzzer.cpp random_generator.cpp LIBS ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
-  add_spvtools_libfuzzer_target(TARGET spvtools_opt_legalization_fuzzer SRCS spvtools_opt_legalization_fuzzer.cpp random_generator.cpp LIBS SPIRV-Tools-opt ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
-  add_spvtools_libfuzzer_target(TARGET spvtools_opt_performance_fuzzer SRCS spvtools_opt_performance_fuzzer.cpp random_generator.cpp LIBS SPIRV-Tools-opt ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
-  add_spvtools_libfuzzer_target(TARGET spvtools_opt_size_fuzzer SRCS spvtools_opt_size_fuzzer.cpp random_generator.cpp LIBS SPIRV-Tools-opt ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
+  add_spvtools_libfuzzer_target(TARGET spvtools_opt_legalization_fuzzer SRCS spvtools_opt_legalization_fuzzer.cpp spvtools_opt_fuzzer_common.cpp random_generator.cpp LIBS SPIRV-Tools-opt ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
+  add_spvtools_libfuzzer_target(TARGET spvtools_opt_performance_fuzzer SRCS spvtools_opt_performance_fuzzer.cpp spvtools_opt_fuzzer_common.cpp random_generator.cpp LIBS SPIRV-Tools-opt ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
+  add_spvtools_libfuzzer_target(TARGET spvtools_opt_size_fuzzer SRCS spvtools_opt_size_fuzzer.cpp spvtools_opt_fuzzer_common.cpp random_generator.cpp LIBS SPIRV-Tools-opt ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
   add_spvtools_libfuzzer_target(TARGET spvtools_val_fuzzer SRCS spvtools_val_fuzzer.cpp random_generator.cpp LIBS ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
   if (${SPIRV_BUILD_FUZZER})
     add_spvtools_libfuzzer_target(TARGET spvtools_fuzz_fuzzer SRCS spvtools_fuzz_fuzzer.cpp random_generator.cpp LIBS SPIRV-Tools-fuzz ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
diff --git a/test/fuzzers/spvtools_as_fuzzer.cpp b/test/fuzzers/spvtools_as_fuzzer.cpp
index ba3f5b9..8ead1cf 100644
--- a/test/fuzzers/spvtools_as_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/test/fuzzers/spvtools_as_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -32,22 +32,13 @@
     return 0;
   }
 
-  std::vector<uint32_t> input;
-  input.resize(size >> 2);
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for (size_t i = 0; (i + 3) < size; i += 4) {
-    input[count++] = data[i] | (data[i + 1] << 8) | (data[i + 2] << 16) |
-                     (data[i + 3]) << 24;
-  }
-
-  std::vector<char> input_str;
-  size_t char_count = input.size() * sizeof(uint32_t) / sizeof(char);
-  input_str.resize(char_count);
-  memcpy(input_str.data(), input.data(), input.size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  std::vector<char> contents;
+  contents.resize(size);
+  memcpy(contents.data(), data, size);
 
   spv_binary binary = nullptr;
   spv_diagnostic diagnostic = nullptr;
-  spvTextToBinaryWithOptions(context, input_str.data(), input_str.size(),
+  spvTextToBinaryWithOptions(context, contents.data(), contents.size(),
                              SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_NONE, &binary,
                              &diagnostic);
   if (diagnostic) {
@@ -61,7 +52,7 @@
     binary = nullptr;
   }
 
-  spvTextToBinaryWithOptions(context, input_str.data(), input_str.size(),
+  spvTextToBinaryWithOptions(context, contents.data(), contents.size(),
                              SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS,
                              &binary, &diagnostic);
   if (diagnostic) {
diff --git a/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_fuzzer_common.cpp b/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_fuzzer_common.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4978509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_fuzzer_common.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_fuzzer_common.h"
+
+#include "source/opt/build_module.h"
+#include "test/fuzzers/random_generator.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace fuzzers {
+
+int OptFuzzerTestOneInput(
+    const uint8_t* data, size_t size,
+    const std::function<void(spvtools::Optimizer&)>& register_passes) {
+  if (size < 1) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  spvtools::fuzzers::RandomGenerator random_gen(data, size);
+  auto target_env = random_gen.GetTargetEnv();
+  spvtools::Optimizer optimizer(target_env);
+  optimizer.SetMessageConsumer([](spv_message_level_t, const char*,
+                                  const spv_position_t&, const char*) {});
+
+  std::vector<uint32_t> input;
+  input.resize(size >> 2);
+
+  size_t count = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; (i + 3) < size; i += 4) {
+    input[count++] = data[i] | (data[i + 1] << 8) | (data[i + 2] << 16) |
+                     (data[i + 3]) << 24;
+  }
+
+  // The largest possible id bound is used when running the optimizer, to avoid
+  // the problem of id overflows.
+  const size_t kFinalIdLimit = UINT32_MAX;
+
+  // The input is scanned to check that it does not already use an id too close
+  // to this limit. This still gives the optimizer a large set of ids to
+  // consume. It is thus very unlikely that id overflow will occur during
+  // fuzzing. If it does, then the initial id limit should be decreased.
+  const size_t kInitialIdLimit = kFinalIdLimit - 1000000U;
+
+  // Build the module and scan it to check that all used ids are below the
+  // initial limit.
+  auto ir_context =
+      spvtools::BuildModule(target_env, nullptr, input.data(), input.size());
+  if (ir_context == nullptr) {
+    // It was not possible to build a valid module; that's OK - skip this input.
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (ir_context->module()->id_bound() >= kInitialIdLimit) {
+    // The input already has a very large id bound. The input is thus abandoned,
+    // to avoid the possibility of ending up hitting the id bound limit.
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Set the optimizer and its validator up with the largest possible id bound
+  // limit.
+  spvtools::ValidatorOptions validator_options;
+  spvtools::OptimizerOptions optimizer_options;
+  optimizer_options.set_max_id_bound(kFinalIdLimit);
+  validator_options.SetUniversalLimit(spv_validator_limit_max_id_bound,
+                                      kFinalIdLimit);
+  optimizer_options.set_validator_options(validator_options);
+  register_passes(optimizer);
+  optimizer.Run(input.data(), input.size(), &input, optimizer_options);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace fuzzers
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_fuzzer_common.h b/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_fuzzer_common.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8d4281
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_fuzzer_common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef TEST_FUZZERS_SPVTOOLS_OPT_FUZZER_COMMON_H_
+#define TEST_FUZZERS_SPVTOOLS_OPT_FUZZER_COMMON_H_
+
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "spirv-tools/optimizer.hpp"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace fuzzers {
+
+// Helper function capturing the common logic for the various optimizer fuzzers.
+int OptFuzzerTestOneInput(
+    const uint8_t* data, size_t size,
+    const std::function<void(spvtools::Optimizer&)>& register_passes);
+
+}  // namespace fuzzers
+}  // namespace spvtools
+
+#endif  // TEST_FUZZERS_SPVTOOLS_OPT_FUZZER_COMMON_H_
diff --git a/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_legalization_fuzzer.cpp b/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_legalization_fuzzer.cpp
index 6f4d7e8..fac4d23 100644
--- a/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_legalization_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_legalization_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -12,33 +12,16 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <vector>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <functional>
 
 #include "spirv-tools/optimizer.hpp"
-#include "test/fuzzers/random_generator.h"
+#include "test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_fuzzer_common.h"
 
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
-  if (size < 1) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  spvtools::fuzzers::RandomGenerator random_gen(data, size);
-  spvtools::Optimizer optimizer(random_gen.GetTargetEnv());
-  optimizer.SetMessageConsumer([](spv_message_level_t, const char*,
-                                  const spv_position_t&, const char*) {});
-
-  std::vector<uint32_t> input;
-  input.resize(size >> 2);
-
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for (size_t i = 0; (i + 3) < size; i += 4) {
-    input[count++] = data[i] | (data[i + 1] << 8) | (data[i + 2] << 16) |
-                     (data[i + 3]) << 24;
-  }
-
-  optimizer.RegisterLegalizationPasses();
-  optimizer.Run(input.data(), input.size(), &input);
-
-  return 0;
+  return spvtools::fuzzers::OptFuzzerTestOneInput(
+      data, size, [](spvtools::Optimizer& optimizer) -> void {
+        optimizer.RegisterLegalizationPasses();
+      });
 }
diff --git a/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_performance_fuzzer.cpp b/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_performance_fuzzer.cpp
index 9c47d7d..e6038b9 100644
--- a/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_performance_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_performance_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -12,33 +12,16 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <vector>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <functional>
 
 #include "spirv-tools/optimizer.hpp"
-#include "test/fuzzers/random_generator.h"
+#include "test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_fuzzer_common.h"
 
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
-  if (size < 1) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  spvtools::fuzzers::RandomGenerator random_gen(data, size);
-  spvtools::Optimizer optimizer(random_gen.GetTargetEnv());
-  optimizer.SetMessageConsumer([](spv_message_level_t, const char*,
-                                  const spv_position_t&, const char*) {});
-
-  std::vector<uint32_t> input;
-  input.resize(size >> 2);
-
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for (size_t i = 0; (i + 3) < size; i += 4) {
-    input[count++] = data[i] | (data[i + 1] << 8) | (data[i + 2] << 16) |
-                     (data[i + 3]) << 24;
-  }
-
-  optimizer.RegisterPerformancePasses();
-  optimizer.Run(input.data(), input.size(), &input);
-
-  return 0;
+  return spvtools::fuzzers::OptFuzzerTestOneInput(
+      data, size, [](spvtools::Optimizer& optimizer) -> void {
+        optimizer.RegisterPerformancePasses();
+      });
 }
diff --git a/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_size_fuzzer.cpp b/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_size_fuzzer.cpp
index 10fac42..65492b1 100644
--- a/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_size_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_size_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -12,33 +12,16 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <vector>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <functional>
 
 #include "spirv-tools/optimizer.hpp"
-#include "test/fuzzers/random_generator.h"
+#include "test/fuzzers/spvtools_opt_fuzzer_common.h"
 
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
-  if (size < 1) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  spvtools::fuzzers::RandomGenerator random_gen(data, size);
-  spvtools::Optimizer optimizer(random_gen.GetTargetEnv());
-  optimizer.SetMessageConsumer([](spv_message_level_t, const char*,
-                                  const spv_position_t&, const char*) {});
-
-  std::vector<uint32_t> input;
-  input.resize(size >> 2);
-
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for (size_t i = 0; (i + 3) < size; i += 4) {
-    input[count++] = data[i] | (data[i + 1] << 8) | (data[i + 2] << 16) |
-                     (data[i + 3]) << 24;
-  }
-
-  optimizer.RegisterSizePasses();
-  optimizer.Run(input.data(), input.size(), &input);
-
-  return 0;
+  return spvtools::fuzzers::OptFuzzerTestOneInput(
+      data, size, [](spvtools::Optimizer& optimizer) -> void {
+        optimizer.RegisterSizePasses();
+      });
 }
diff --git a/test/hex_float_test.cpp b/test/hex_float_test.cpp
index ffdb8bd..7edfd43 100644
--- a/test/hex_float_test.cpp
+++ b/test/hex_float_test.cpp
@@ -1343,7 +1343,7 @@
 template <typename T>
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const StreamParseCase<T>& fspc) {
   os << "StreamParseCase(" << fspc.literal
-     << ", expect_succes:" << int(fspc.expect_success) << ","
+     << ", expect_success:" << int(fspc.expect_success) << ","
      << fspc.expected_suffix << "," << fspc.expected_value << ")";
   return os;
 }
diff --git a/test/link/binary_version_test.cpp b/test/link/binary_version_test.cpp
index 80aab0f..a56030f 100644
--- a/test/link/binary_version_test.cpp
+++ b/test/link/binary_version_test.cpp
@@ -20,40 +20,57 @@
 namespace spvtools {
 namespace {
 
+using ::testing::HasSubstr;
 using BinaryVersion = spvtest::LinkerTest;
 
-TEST_F(BinaryVersion, LinkerChoosesMaxSpirvVersion) {
+spvtest::Binary CreateBinary(uint32_t version) {
+  return {
+      // clang-format off
+      // Header
+      SpvMagicNumber,
+      version,
+      SPV_GENERATOR_WORD(SPV_GENERATOR_KHRONOS, 0),
+      1u,  // NOTE: Bound
+      0u,  // NOTE: Schema; reserved
+
+      // OpCapability Shader
+      SpvOpCapability | 2u << SpvWordCountShift,
+      SpvCapabilityShader,
+
+      // OpMemoryModel Logical Simple
+      SpvOpMemoryModel | 3u << SpvWordCountShift,
+      SpvAddressingModelLogical,
+      SpvMemoryModelSimple
+      // clang-format on
+  };
+}
+
+TEST_F(BinaryVersion, Match) {
   // clang-format off
   spvtest::Binaries binaries = {
-      {
-          SpvMagicNumber,
-          0x00010300u,
-          SPV_GENERATOR_CODEPLAY,
-          1u,  // NOTE: Bound
-          0u   // NOTE: Schema; reserved
-      },
-      {
-          SpvMagicNumber,
-          0x00010500u,
-          SPV_GENERATOR_CODEPLAY,
-          1u,  // NOTE: Bound
-          0u   // NOTE: Schema; reserved
-      },
-      {
-          SpvMagicNumber,
-          0x00010100u,
-          SPV_GENERATOR_CODEPLAY,
-          1u,  // NOTE: Bound
-          0u   // NOTE: Schema; reserved
-      }
+      CreateBinary(SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_WORD(1, 3)),
+      CreateBinary(SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_WORD(1, 3)),
   };
   // clang-format on
   spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Link(binaries, &linked_binary));
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Link(binaries, &linked_binary)) << GetErrorMessage();
   EXPECT_THAT(GetErrorMessage(), std::string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_WORD(1, 3), linked_binary[1]);
+}
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x00010500u, linked_binary[1]);
+TEST_F(BinaryVersion, Mismatch) {
+  // clang-format off
+  spvtest::Binaries binaries = {
+      CreateBinary(SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_WORD(1, 3)),
+      CreateBinary(SPV_SPIRV_VERSION_WORD(1, 5)),
+  };
+  // clang-format on
+  spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INTERNAL, Link(binaries, &linked_binary))
+      << GetErrorMessage();
+  EXPECT_THAT(GetErrorMessage(),
+              HasSubstr("Conflicting SPIR-V versions: 1.3 (input modules 1 "
+                        "through 1) vs 1.5 (input module 2)."));
 }
 
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/test/link/entry_points_test.cpp b/test/link/entry_points_test.cpp
index bac8e02..df7ea20 100644
--- a/test/link/entry_points_test.cpp
+++ b/test/link/entry_points_test.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 
 TEST_F(EntryPoints, SameModelDifferentName) {
   const std::string body1 = R"(
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint GLCompute %3 "foo"
 %1 = OpTypeVoid
 %2 = OpTypeFunction %1
@@ -33,6 +35,8 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
   const std::string body2 = R"(
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint GLCompute %3 "bar"
 %1 = OpTypeVoid
 %2 = OpTypeFunction %1
@@ -41,12 +45,15 @@
 )";
 
   spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary));
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary))
+      << GetErrorMessage();
   EXPECT_THAT(GetErrorMessage(), std::string());
 }
 
 TEST_F(EntryPoints, DifferentModelSameName) {
   const std::string body1 = R"(
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint GLCompute %3 "foo"
 %1 = OpTypeVoid
 %2 = OpTypeFunction %1
@@ -54,6 +61,8 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
   const std::string body2 = R"(
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint Vertex %3 "foo"
 %1 = OpTypeVoid
 %2 = OpTypeFunction %1
@@ -62,12 +71,15 @@
 )";
 
   spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary));
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary))
+      << GetErrorMessage();
   EXPECT_THAT(GetErrorMessage(), std::string());
 }
 
 TEST_F(EntryPoints, SameModelAndName) {
   const std::string body1 = R"(
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint GLCompute %3 "foo"
 %1 = OpTypeVoid
 %2 = OpTypeFunction %1
@@ -75,6 +87,8 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
   const std::string body2 = R"(
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint GLCompute %3 "foo"
 %1 = OpTypeVoid
 %2 = OpTypeFunction %1
diff --git a/test/link/global_values_amount_test.cpp b/test/link/global_values_amount_test.cpp
index 2c4ee1f..3158b7e 100644
--- a/test/link/global_values_amount_test.cpp
+++ b/test/link/global_values_amount_test.cpp
@@ -22,85 +22,56 @@
 
 using ::testing::HasSubstr;
 
+const uint32_t binary_count = 2u;
+
 class EntryPointsAmountTest : public spvtest::LinkerTest {
  public:
-  EntryPointsAmountTest() { binaries.reserve(0xFFFF); }
+  EntryPointsAmountTest() { binaries.reserve(binary_count + 1u); }
 
   void SetUp() override {
-    binaries.push_back({SpvMagicNumber,
-                        SpvVersion,
-                        SPV_GENERATOR_CODEPLAY,
-                        10u,  // NOTE: Bound
-                        0u,   // NOTE: Schema; reserved
+    const uint32_t global_variable_count_per_binary =
+        (SPV_LIMIT_GLOBAL_VARIABLES_MAX - 1u) / binary_count;
 
-                        3u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpTypeFloat,
-                        1u,   // NOTE: Result ID
-                        32u,  // NOTE: Width
+    spvtest::Binary common_binary = {
+        // clang-format off
+        SpvMagicNumber,
+        SpvVersion,
+        SPV_GENERATOR_WORD(SPV_GENERATOR_KHRONOS, 0),
+        3u + global_variable_count_per_binary,  // NOTE: Bound
+        0u,                                     // NOTE: Schema; reserved
 
-                        4u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpTypePointer,
-                        2u,  // NOTE: Result ID
-                        SpvStorageClassInput,
-                        1u,  // NOTE: Type ID
+        SpvOpCapability | 2u << SpvWordCountShift,
+        SpvCapabilityShader,
 
-                        2u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpTypeVoid,
-                        3u,  // NOTE: Result ID
+        SpvOpMemoryModel | 3u << SpvWordCountShift,
+        SpvAddressingModelLogical,
+        SpvMemoryModelSimple,
 
-                        3u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpTypeFunction,
-                        4u,  // NOTE: Result ID
-                        3u,  // NOTE: Return type
+        SpvOpTypeFloat | 3u << SpvWordCountShift,
+        1u,   // NOTE: Result ID
+        32u,  // NOTE: Width
 
-                        5u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpFunction,
-                        3u,  // NOTE: Result type
-                        5u,  // NOTE: Result ID
-                        SpvFunctionControlMaskNone,
-                        4u,  // NOTE: Function type
+        SpvOpTypePointer | 4u << SpvWordCountShift,
+        2u,  // NOTE: Result ID
+        SpvStorageClassInput,
+        1u  // NOTE: Type ID
+        // clang-format on
+    };
 
-                        2u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpLabel,
-                        6u,  // NOTE: Result ID
+    binaries.push_back({});
+    spvtest::Binary& binary = binaries.back();
+    binary.reserve(common_binary.size() + global_variable_count_per_binary * 4);
+    binary.insert(binary.end(), common_binary.cbegin(), common_binary.cend());
 
-                        4u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpVariable,
-                        2u,  // NOTE: Type ID
-                        7u,  // NOTE: Result ID
-                        SpvStorageClassFunction,
+    for (uint32_t i = 0u; i < global_variable_count_per_binary; ++i) {
+      binary.push_back(SpvOpVariable | 4u << SpvWordCountShift);
+      binary.push_back(2u);      // NOTE: Type ID
+      binary.push_back(3u + i);  // NOTE: Result ID
+      binary.push_back(SpvStorageClassInput);
+    }
 
-                        4u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpVariable,
-                        2u,  // NOTE: Type ID
-                        8u,  // NOTE: Result ID
-                        SpvStorageClassFunction,
-
-                        4u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpVariable,
-                        2u,  // NOTE: Type ID
-                        9u,  // NOTE: Result ID
-                        SpvStorageClassFunction,
-
-                        1u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpReturn,
-
-                        1u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpFunctionEnd});
-    for (size_t i = 0u; i < 2u; ++i) {
-      spvtest::Binary binary = {
-          SpvMagicNumber,
-          SpvVersion,
-          SPV_GENERATOR_CODEPLAY,
-          103u,  // NOTE: Bound
-          0u,    // NOTE: Schema; reserved
-
-          3u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpTypeFloat,
-          1u,   // NOTE: Result ID
-          32u,  // NOTE: Width
-
-          4u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpTypePointer,
-          2u,  // NOTE: Result ID
-          SpvStorageClassInput,
-          1u  // NOTE: Type ID
-      };
-
-      for (uint32_t j = 0u; j < 0xFFFFu / 2u; ++j) {
-        binary.push_back(4u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpVariable);
-        binary.push_back(2u);      // NOTE: Type ID
-        binary.push_back(j + 3u);  // NOTE: Result ID
-        binary.push_back(SpvStorageClassInput);
-      }
-      binaries.push_back(binary);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0u; i < binary_count - 1u; ++i) {
+      binaries.push_back(binaries.back());
     }
   }
   void TearDown() override { binaries.clear(); }
@@ -111,42 +82,53 @@
 TEST_F(EntryPointsAmountTest, UnderLimit) {
   spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Link(binaries, &linked_binary));
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Link(binaries, &linked_binary)) << GetErrorMessage();
   EXPECT_THAT(GetErrorMessage(), std::string());
 }
 
 TEST_F(EntryPointsAmountTest, OverLimit) {
-  binaries.push_back({SpvMagicNumber,
-                      SpvVersion,
-                      SPV_GENERATOR_CODEPLAY,
-                      5u,  // NOTE: Bound
-                      0u,  // NOTE: Schema; reserved
+  binaries.push_back({
+      // clang-format off
+      SpvMagicNumber,
+      SpvVersion,
+      SPV_GENERATOR_WORD(SPV_GENERATOR_KHRONOS, 0),
+      5u,  // NOTE: Bound
+      0u,  // NOTE: Schema; reserved
 
-                      3u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpTypeFloat,
-                      1u,   // NOTE: Result ID
-                      32u,  // NOTE: Width
+      SpvOpCapability | 2u << SpvWordCountShift,
+      SpvCapabilityShader,
 
-                      4u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpTypePointer,
-                      2u,  // NOTE: Result ID
-                      SpvStorageClassInput,
-                      1u,  // NOTE: Type ID
+      SpvOpMemoryModel | 3u << SpvWordCountShift,
+      SpvAddressingModelLogical,
+      SpvMemoryModelSimple,
 
-                      4u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpVariable,
-                      2u,  // NOTE: Type ID
-                      3u,  // NOTE: Result ID
-                      SpvStorageClassInput,
+      SpvOpTypeFloat | 3u << SpvWordCountShift,
+      1u,   // NOTE: Result ID
+      32u,  // NOTE: Width
 
-                      4u << SpvWordCountShift | SpvOpVariable,
-                      2u,  // NOTE: Type ID
-                      4u,  // NOTE: Result ID
-                      SpvStorageClassInput});
+      SpvOpTypePointer | 4u << SpvWordCountShift,
+      2u,  // NOTE: Result ID
+      SpvStorageClassInput,
+      1u,  // NOTE: Type ID
+
+      SpvOpVariable | 4u << SpvWordCountShift,
+      2u,  // NOTE: Type ID
+      3u,  // NOTE: Result ID
+      SpvStorageClassInput,
+
+      SpvOpVariable | 4u << SpvWordCountShift,
+      2u,  // NOTE: Type ID
+      4u,  // NOTE: Result ID
+      SpvStorageClassInput
+      // clang-format on
+  });
 
   spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INTERNAL, Link(binaries, &linked_binary));
-  EXPECT_THAT(GetErrorMessage(),
-              HasSubstr("The limit of global values, 65535, was exceeded; "
-                        "65536 global values were found."));
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Link(binaries, &linked_binary)) << GetErrorMessage();
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      GetErrorMessage(),
+      HasSubstr("The minimum limit of global values, 65535, was exceeded; "
+                "65536 global values were found."));
 }
 
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/test/link/ids_limit_test.cpp b/test/link/ids_limit_test.cpp
index 6d7815a..846fbef 100644
--- a/test/link/ids_limit_test.cpp
+++ b/test/link/ids_limit_test.cpp
@@ -21,51 +21,114 @@
 namespace {
 
 using ::testing::HasSubstr;
-using IdsLimit = spvtest::LinkerTest;
 
-TEST_F(IdsLimit, UnderLimit) {
-  spvtest::Binaries binaries = {
-      {
-          SpvMagicNumber, SpvVersion, SPV_GENERATOR_CODEPLAY,
-          0x2FFFFFu,  // NOTE: Bound
-          0u,         // NOTE: Schema; reserved
-      },
-      {
-          SpvMagicNumber, SpvVersion, SPV_GENERATOR_CODEPLAY,
-          0x100000u,  // NOTE: Bound
-          0u,         // NOTE: Schema; reserved
-      }};
-  spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
+class IdsLimit : public spvtest::LinkerTest {
+ public:
+  IdsLimit() { binaries.reserve(2u); }
 
-  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Link(binaries, &linked_binary));
-  EXPECT_THAT(GetErrorMessage(), std::string());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x3FFFFEu, linked_binary[3]);
+  void SetUp() override {
+    const uint32_t id_bound = SPV_LIMIT_RESULT_ID_BOUND - 1u;
+    const uint32_t constant_count =
+        id_bound -
+        2u;  // One ID is used for TypeBool, and (constant_count + 1) < id_bound
+
+    // This is needed, as otherwise the ID bound will get reset to 1 while
+    // running the RemoveDuplicates pass.
+    spvtest::Binary common_binary = {
+        // clang-format off
+        SpvMagicNumber,
+        SpvVersion,
+        SPV_GENERATOR_WORD(SPV_GENERATOR_KHRONOS, 0),
+        id_bound,  // NOTE: Bound
+        0u,        // NOTE: Schema; reserved
+
+        SpvOpCapability | 2u << SpvWordCountShift,
+        SpvCapabilityShader,
+
+        SpvOpMemoryModel | 3u << SpvWordCountShift,
+        SpvAddressingModelLogical,
+        SpvMemoryModelSimple,
+
+        SpvOpTypeBool | 2u << SpvWordCountShift,
+        1u    // NOTE: Result ID
+        // clang-format on
+    };
+
+    binaries.push_back({});
+    spvtest::Binary& binary = binaries.back();
+    binary.reserve(common_binary.size() + constant_count * 3u);
+    binary.insert(binary.end(), common_binary.cbegin(), common_binary.cend());
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0u; i < constant_count; ++i) {
+      binary.push_back(SpvOpConstantTrue | 3u << SpvWordCountShift);
+      binary.push_back(1u);      // NOTE: Type ID
+      binary.push_back(2u + i);  // NOTE: Result ID
+    }
+  }
+  void TearDown() override { binaries.clear(); }
+
+  spvtest::Binaries binaries;
+};
+
+spvtest::Binary CreateBinary(uint32_t id_bound) {
+  return {
+      // clang-format off
+      // Header
+      SpvMagicNumber,
+      SpvVersion,
+      SPV_GENERATOR_WORD(SPV_GENERATOR_KHRONOS, 0),
+      id_bound,  // NOTE: Bound
+      0u,        // NOTE: Schema; reserved
+
+      // OpCapability Shader
+      SpvOpCapability | 2u << SpvWordCountShift,
+      SpvCapabilityShader,
+
+      // OpMemoryModel Logical Simple
+      SpvOpMemoryModel | 3u << SpvWordCountShift,
+      SpvAddressingModelLogical,
+      SpvMemoryModelSimple
+      // clang-format on
+  };
 }
 
-TEST_F(IdsLimit, OverLimit) {
-  spvtest::Binaries binaries = {
-      {
-          SpvMagicNumber, SpvVersion, SPV_GENERATOR_CODEPLAY,
-          0x2FFFFFu,  // NOTE: Bound
-          0u,         // NOTE: Schema; reserved
-      },
-      {
-          SpvMagicNumber, SpvVersion, SPV_GENERATOR_CODEPLAY,
-          0x100000u,  // NOTE: Bound
-          0u,         // NOTE: Schema; reserved
-      },
-      {
-          SpvMagicNumber, SpvVersion, SPV_GENERATOR_CODEPLAY,
-          3u,  // NOTE: Bound
-          0u,  // NOTE: Schema; reserved
-      }};
+TEST_F(IdsLimit, DISABLED_UnderLimit) {
+  spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Link(binaries, &linked_binary)) << GetErrorMessage();
+  EXPECT_THAT(GetErrorMessage(), std::string());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x3FFFFFu, linked_binary[3]);
+}
+
+TEST_F(IdsLimit, DISABLED_OverLimit) {
+  spvtest::Binary& binary = binaries.back();
+
+  const uint32_t id_bound = binary[3];
+  binary[3] = id_bound + 1u;
+
+  binary.push_back(SpvOpConstantFalse | 3u << SpvWordCountShift);
+  binary.push_back(1u);        // NOTE: Type ID
+  binary.push_back(id_bound);  // NOTE: Result ID
+
+  spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Link(binaries, &linked_binary)) << GetErrorMessage();
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      GetErrorMessage(),
+      HasSubstr("The minimum limit of IDs, 4194303, was exceeded: 4194304 is "
+                "the current ID bound."));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x400000u, linked_binary[3]);
+}
+
+TEST_F(IdsLimit, DISABLED_Overflow) {
+  spvtest::Binaries binaries = {CreateBinary(0xFFFFFFFFu),
+                                CreateBinary(0x00000002u)};
 
   spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, Link(binaries, &linked_binary));
-  EXPECT_THAT(GetErrorMessage(),
-              HasSubstr("The limit of IDs, 4194303, was exceeded: 4194304 is "
-                        "the current ID bound."));
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, Link(binaries, &linked_binary));
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      GetErrorMessage(),
+      HasSubstr("Too many IDs (4294967296): combining all modules would "
+                "overflow the 32-bit word of the SPIR-V header."));
 }
 
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/test/link/matching_imports_to_exports_test.cpp b/test/link/matching_imports_to_exports_test.cpp
index e76c69f..6b02fc4 100644
--- a/test/link/matching_imports_to_exports_test.cpp
+++ b/test/link/matching_imports_to_exports_test.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@
 TEST_F(MatchingImportsToExports, Default) {
   const std::string body1 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Import
 %2 = OpTypeFloat 32
 %1 = OpVariable %2 Uniform
@@ -33,6 +36,9 @@
 )";
   const std::string body2 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Export
 %2 = OpTypeFloat 32
 %3 = OpConstant %2 42
@@ -40,11 +46,14 @@
 )";
 
   spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary))
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary))
       << GetErrorMessage();
 
   const std::string expected_res =
-      R"(OpModuleProcessed "Linked by SPIR-V Tools Linker"
+      R"(OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
+OpModuleProcessed "Linked by SPIR-V Tools Linker"
 %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
 %2 = OpVariable %1 Input
 %3 = OpConstant %1 42
@@ -52,7 +61,7 @@
 )";
   std::string res_body;
   SetDisassembleOptions(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_NO_HEADER);
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Disassemble(linked_binary, &res_body))
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Disassemble(linked_binary, &res_body))
       << GetErrorMessage();
   EXPECT_EQ(expected_res, res_body);
 }
@@ -60,23 +69,29 @@
 TEST_F(MatchingImportsToExports, NotALibraryExtraExports) {
   const std::string body = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Export
 %2 = OpTypeFloat 32
 %1 = OpVariable %2 Uniform
 )";
 
   spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body}, &linked_binary))
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body}, &linked_binary))
       << GetErrorMessage();
 
   const std::string expected_res =
-      R"(OpModuleProcessed "Linked by SPIR-V Tools Linker"
+      R"(OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
+OpModuleProcessed "Linked by SPIR-V Tools Linker"
 %1 = OpTypeFloat 32
 %2 = OpVariable %1 Uniform
 )";
   std::string res_body;
   SetDisassembleOptions(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_NO_HEADER);
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Disassemble(linked_binary, &res_body))
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Disassemble(linked_binary, &res_body))
       << GetErrorMessage();
   EXPECT_EQ(expected_res, res_body);
 }
@@ -84,6 +99,9 @@
 TEST_F(MatchingImportsToExports, LibraryExtraExports) {
   const std::string body = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Export
 %2 = OpTypeFloat 32
 %1 = OpVariable %2 Uniform
@@ -92,10 +110,13 @@
   spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
   LinkerOptions options;
   options.SetCreateLibrary(true);
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body}, &linked_binary, options))
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body}, &linked_binary, options))
       << GetErrorMessage();
 
   const std::string expected_res = R"(OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpModuleProcessed "Linked by SPIR-V Tools Linker"
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Export
 %2 = OpTypeFloat 32
@@ -103,7 +124,7 @@
 )";
   std::string res_body;
   SetDisassembleOptions(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_NO_HEADER);
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Disassemble(linked_binary, &res_body))
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Disassemble(linked_binary, &res_body))
       << GetErrorMessage();
   EXPECT_EQ(expected_res, res_body);
 }
@@ -111,11 +132,18 @@
 TEST_F(MatchingImportsToExports, UnresolvedImports) {
   const std::string body1 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Import
 %2 = OpTypeFloat 32
 %1 = OpVariable %2 Uniform
 )";
-  const std::string body2 = R"()";
+  const std::string body2 = R"(
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
+)";
 
   spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_BINARY,
@@ -127,6 +155,9 @@
 TEST_F(MatchingImportsToExports, TypeMismatch) {
   const std::string body1 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Import
 %2 = OpTypeFloat 32
 %1 = OpVariable %2 Uniform
@@ -134,6 +165,9 @@
 )";
   const std::string body2 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Export
 %2 = OpTypeInt 32 0
 %3 = OpConstant %2 42
@@ -153,6 +187,9 @@
 TEST_F(MatchingImportsToExports, MultipleDefinitions) {
   const std::string body1 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Import
 %2 = OpTypeFloat 32
 %1 = OpVariable %2 Uniform
@@ -160,6 +197,9 @@
 )";
   const std::string body2 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Export
 %2 = OpTypeFloat 32
 %3 = OpConstant %2 42
@@ -167,6 +207,9 @@
 )";
   const std::string body3 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Export
 %2 = OpTypeFloat 32
 %3 = OpConstant %2 -1
@@ -185,6 +228,9 @@
 TEST_F(MatchingImportsToExports, SameNameDifferentTypes) {
   const std::string body1 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Import
 %2 = OpTypeFloat 32
 %1 = OpVariable %2 Uniform
@@ -192,6 +238,9 @@
 )";
   const std::string body2 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Export
 %2 = OpTypeInt 32 0
 %3 = OpConstant %2 42
@@ -199,6 +248,9 @@
 )";
   const std::string body3 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Export
 %2 = OpTypeFloat 32
 %3 = OpConstant %2 12
@@ -217,6 +269,9 @@
 TEST_F(MatchingImportsToExports, DecorationMismatch) {
   const std::string body1 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Import
 OpDecorate %2 Constant
 %2 = OpTypeFloat 32
@@ -225,6 +280,9 @@
 )";
   const std::string body2 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Export
 %2 = OpTypeFloat 32
 %3 = OpConstant %2 42
@@ -244,8 +302,10 @@
 TEST_F(MatchingImportsToExports,
        FuncParamAttrDifferButStillMatchExportToImport) {
   const std::string body1 = R"(
-OpCapability Kernel
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Import
 OpDecorate %2 FuncParamAttr Zext
 %3 = OpTypeVoid
@@ -256,8 +316,10 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
   const std::string body2 = R"(
-OpCapability Kernel
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Export
 OpDecorate %2 FuncParamAttr Sext
 %3 = OpTypeVoid
@@ -271,10 +333,12 @@
 )";
 
   spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary))
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary))
       << GetErrorMessage();
 
-  const std::string expected_res = R"(OpCapability Kernel
+  const std::string expected_res = R"(OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpModuleProcessed "Linked by SPIR-V Tools Linker"
 OpDecorate %1 FuncParamAttr Sext
 %2 = OpTypeVoid
@@ -288,7 +352,7 @@
 )";
   std::string res_body;
   SetDisassembleOptions(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_NO_HEADER);
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Disassemble(linked_binary, &res_body))
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Disassemble(linked_binary, &res_body))
       << GetErrorMessage();
   EXPECT_EQ(expected_res, res_body);
 }
@@ -296,6 +360,9 @@
 TEST_F(MatchingImportsToExports, FunctionCtrl) {
   const std::string body1 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Import
 %2 = OpTypeVoid
 %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
@@ -306,6 +373,9 @@
 )";
   const std::string body2 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Export
 %2 = OpTypeVoid
 %3 = OpTypeFunction %2
@@ -316,11 +386,14 @@
 )";
 
   spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary))
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary))
       << GetErrorMessage();
 
   const std::string expected_res =
-      R"(OpModuleProcessed "Linked by SPIR-V Tools Linker"
+      R"(OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
+OpModuleProcessed "Linked by SPIR-V Tools Linker"
 %1 = OpTypeVoid
 %2 = OpTypeFunction %1
 %3 = OpTypeFloat 32
@@ -332,15 +405,17 @@
 )";
   std::string res_body;
   SetDisassembleOptions(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_NO_HEADER);
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Disassemble(linked_binary, &res_body))
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Disassemble(linked_binary, &res_body))
       << GetErrorMessage();
   EXPECT_EQ(expected_res, res_body);
 }
 
 TEST_F(MatchingImportsToExports, UseExportedFuncParamAttr) {
   const std::string body1 = R"(
-OpCapability Kernel
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Import
 OpDecorate %2 FuncParamAttr Zext
 %2 = OpDecorationGroup
@@ -356,8 +431,10 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
   const std::string body2 = R"(
-OpCapability Kernel
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Export
 OpDecorate %2 FuncParamAttr Sext
 %3 = OpTypeVoid
@@ -371,10 +448,12 @@
 )";
 
   spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary))
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary))
       << GetErrorMessage();
 
-  const std::string expected_res = R"(OpCapability Kernel
+  const std::string expected_res = R"(OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpModuleProcessed "Linked by SPIR-V Tools Linker"
 OpDecorate %1 FuncParamAttr Zext
 %1 = OpDecorationGroup
@@ -394,15 +473,17 @@
 )";
   std::string res_body;
   SetDisassembleOptions(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_NO_HEADER);
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Disassemble(linked_binary, &res_body))
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Disassemble(linked_binary, &res_body))
       << GetErrorMessage();
   EXPECT_EQ(expected_res, res_body);
 }
 
 TEST_F(MatchingImportsToExports, NamesAndDecorations) {
   const std::string body1 = R"(
-OpCapability Kernel
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpName %1 "foo"
 OpName %3 "param"
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Import
@@ -422,8 +503,10 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
   const std::string body2 = R"(
-OpCapability Kernel
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpName %1 "foo"
 OpName %2 "param"
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Export
@@ -440,10 +523,12 @@
 )";
 
   spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary))
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary))
       << GetErrorMessage();
 
-  const std::string expected_res = R"(OpCapability Kernel
+  const std::string expected_res = R"(OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpName %1 "foo"
 OpName %2 "param"
 OpModuleProcessed "Linked by SPIR-V Tools Linker"
@@ -467,7 +552,7 @@
 )";
   std::string res_body;
   SetDisassembleOptions(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_NO_HEADER);
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Disassemble(linked_binary, &res_body))
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, Disassemble(linked_binary, &res_body))
       << GetErrorMessage();
   EXPECT_EQ(expected_res, res_body);
 }
diff --git a/test/link/memory_model_test.cpp b/test/link/memory_model_test.cpp
index 2add504..280a776 100644
--- a/test/link/memory_model_test.cpp
+++ b/test/link/memory_model_test.cpp
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@
   spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INTERNAL,
             AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary));
-  EXPECT_THAT(
-      GetErrorMessage(),
-      HasSubstr("Conflicting addressing models: Logical vs Physical32."));
+  EXPECT_THAT(GetErrorMessage(),
+              HasSubstr("Conflicting addressing models: Logical (input modules "
+                        "1 through 1) vs Physical32 (input module 2)."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(MemoryModel, MemoryMismatch) {
@@ -67,7 +67,38 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INTERNAL,
             AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary));
   EXPECT_THAT(GetErrorMessage(),
-              HasSubstr("Conflicting memory models: Simple vs GLSL450."));
+              HasSubstr("Conflicting memory models: Simple (input modules 1 "
+                        "through 1) vs GLSL450 (input module 2)."));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryModel, FirstLackMemoryModel) {
+  const std::string body1 = R"(
+)";
+  const std::string body2 = R"(
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+)";
+
+  spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_BINARY,
+            AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary));
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      GetErrorMessage(),
+      HasSubstr("Input module 1 is lacking an OpMemoryModel instruction."));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryModel, SecondLackMemoryModel) {
+  const std::string body1 = R"(
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+)";
+  const std::string body2 = R"(
+)";
+
+  spvtest::Binary linked_binary;
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_BINARY,
+            AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary));
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      GetErrorMessage(),
+      HasSubstr("Input module 2 is lacking an OpMemoryModel instruction."));
 }
 
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/test/link/partial_linkage_test.cpp b/test/link/partial_linkage_test.cpp
index c43b06e..bf4b508 100644
--- a/test/link/partial_linkage_test.cpp
+++ b/test/link/partial_linkage_test.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@
 TEST_F(PartialLinkage, Allowed) {
   const std::string body1 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Import
 OpDecorate %2 LinkageAttributes "bar" Import
 %3 = OpTypeFloat 32
@@ -34,6 +37,9 @@
 )";
   const std::string body2 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "bar" Export
 %2 = OpTypeFloat 32
 %3 = OpConstant %2 3.1415
@@ -44,9 +50,13 @@
   LinkerOptions linker_options;
   linker_options.SetAllowPartialLinkage(true);
   ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS,
-            AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary, linker_options));
+            AssembleAndLink({body1, body2}, &linked_binary, linker_options))
+      << GetErrorMessage();
 
   const std::string expected_res = R"(OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpModuleProcessed "Linked by SPIR-V Tools Linker"
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Import
 %2 = OpTypeFloat 32
@@ -64,6 +74,9 @@
 TEST_F(PartialLinkage, Disallowed) {
   const std::string body1 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "foo" Import
 OpDecorate %2 LinkageAttributes "bar" Import
 %3 = OpTypeFloat 32
@@ -72,6 +85,9 @@
 )";
   const std::string body2 = R"(
 OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability Addresses
+OpCapability Kernel
+OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL
 OpDecorate %1 LinkageAttributes "bar" Export
 %2 = OpTypeFloat 32
 %3 = OpConstant %2 3.1415
diff --git a/test/link/type_match_test.cpp b/test/link/type_match_test.cpp
index dae70c1..efc5cf7 100644
--- a/test/link/type_match_test.cpp
+++ b/test/link/type_match_test.cpp
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@
         "OpCapability Kernel\n"                                 \
         "OpCapability Shader\n"                                 \
         "OpCapability Addresses\n"                              \
+        "OpMemoryModel Physical64 OpenCL\n"                     \
         "OpDecorate %var LinkageAttributes \"foo\" "            \
         "{Import,Export}\n"                                     \
         "; CHECK: [[baseint:%\\w+]] = OpTypeInt 32 1\n"         \
diff --git a/test/link/unique_ids_test.cpp b/test/link/unique_ids_test.cpp
index 55c70ea..16a9b52 100644
--- a/test/link/unique_ids_test.cpp
+++ b/test/link/unique_ids_test.cpp
@@ -135,7 +135,8 @@
   LinkerOptions options;
   options.SetVerifyIds(true);
   spv_result_t res = AssembleAndLink(bodies, &linked_binary, options);
-  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, res);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, res) << GetErrorMessage();
+  EXPECT_THAT(GetErrorMessage(), std::string());
 }
 
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/test/operand_pattern_test.cpp b/test/operand_pattern_test.cpp
index 1caf008..a98a9d7 100644
--- a/test/operand_pattern_test.cpp
+++ b/test/operand_pattern_test.cpp
@@ -91,9 +91,14 @@
         {SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_OPTIONAL_MEMORY_ACCESS, 0, {PREFIX0}, {PREFIX0}},
         // Unknown bits means no change.  Use all bits that aren't in the
         // grammar.
-        // The last mask enum is 0x20
+        // The used mask bits are:
+        //          1 through...
+        //       0x20 SpvMemoryAccessNonPrivatePointerMask
+        // also
+        //    0x10000 SpvMemoryAccessAliasScopeINTELMaskShift
+        //    0x20000 SpvMemoryAccessNoAliasINTELMaskMask
         {SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_OPTIONAL_MEMORY_ACCESS,
-         0xffffffc0,
+         0xffffffc0 ^ (0x10000) ^ (0x20000),
          {PREFIX1},
          {PREFIX1}},
         // Volatile has no operands.
@@ -111,6 +116,7 @@
          SpvMemoryAccessVolatileMask | SpvMemoryAccessAlignedMask,
          {PREFIX1},
          {PREFIX1, SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_INTEGER}},
+        // Newer masks are not tested
     }));
 #undef PREFIX0
 #undef PREFIX1
diff --git a/test/opt/CMakeLists.txt b/test/opt/CMakeLists.txt
index bc44e8d..6dfb1b7 100644
--- a/test/opt/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/opt/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
        desc_sroa_test.cpp
        eliminate_dead_const_test.cpp
        eliminate_dead_functions_test.cpp
+       eliminate_dead_input_components_test.cpp
        eliminate_dead_member_test.cpp
        feature_manager_test.cpp
        fix_storage_class_test.cpp
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@
        propagator_test.cpp
        reduce_load_size_test.cpp
        redundancy_elimination_test.cpp
+       remove_dontinline_test.cpp
 	   remove_unused_interface_variables_test.cpp
        register_liveness.cpp
        relax_float_ops_test.cpp
@@ -91,9 +93,10 @@
        scalar_replacement_test.cpp
        set_spec_const_default_value_test.cpp
        simplification_test.cpp
+       spread_volatile_semantics_test.cpp
        strength_reduction_test.cpp
        strip_debug_info_test.cpp
-       strip_reflect_info_test.cpp
+        strip_nonsemantic_info_test.cpp
        struct_cfg_analysis_test.cpp
        type_manager_test.cpp
        types_test.cpp
diff --git a/test/opt/aggressive_dead_code_elim_test.cpp b/test/opt/aggressive_dead_code_elim_test.cpp
index f228c8c..25f8541 100644
--- a/test/opt/aggressive_dead_code_elim_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/aggressive_dead_code_elim_test.cpp
@@ -38,55 +38,45 @@
   //      vec4 dv = sqrt(Dead);
   //      gl_FragColor = v;
   //  }
-
-  const std::string predefs1 =
-      R"(OpCapability Shader
+  const std::string spirv = R"(
+OpCapability Shader
 %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+; CHECK: OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %BaseColor %gl_FragColor
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %BaseColor %Dead %gl_FragColor
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
 OpSource GLSL 140
-)";
-
-  const std::string names_before =
-      R"(OpName %main "main"
+OpName %main "main"
 OpName %v "v"
 OpName %BaseColor "BaseColor"
+; CHECK-NOT: OpName %dv "dv"
 OpName %dv "dv"
+; CHECK-NOT: OpName %Dead "Dead"
 OpName %Dead "Dead"
 OpName %gl_FragColor "gl_FragColor"
-)";
-
-  const std::string names_after =
-      R"(OpName %main "main"
-OpName %v "v"
-OpName %BaseColor "BaseColor"
-OpName %Dead "Dead"
-OpName %gl_FragColor "gl_FragColor"
-)";
-
-  const std::string predefs2 =
-      R"(%void = OpTypeVoid
+%void = OpTypeVoid
 %9 = OpTypeFunction %void
 %float = OpTypeFloat 32
 %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
 %_ptr_Function_v4float = OpTypePointer Function %v4float
 %_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
 %BaseColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
+; CHECK-NOT: %Dead = OpVariable
 %Dead = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
 %_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
 %gl_FragColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
-)";
-
-  const std::string func_before =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %9
+%main = OpFunction %void None %9
 %15 = OpLabel
 %v = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
+; CHECK-NOT: %dv = OpVariable
 %dv = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
 %16 = OpLoad %v4float %BaseColor
 OpStore %v %16
+; CHECK-NOT: OpLoad %v4float %Dead
 %17 = OpLoad %v4float %Dead
+; CHECK-NOT: OpExtInst %v4float %1 Sqrt
 %18 = OpExtInst %v4float %1 Sqrt %17
+; CHECK-NOT: OpStore %dv
 OpStore %dv %18
 %19 = OpLoad %v4float %v
 OpStore %gl_FragColor %19
@@ -94,21 +84,7 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
 
-  const std::string func_after =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %9
-%15 = OpLabel
-%v = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
-%16 = OpLoad %v4float %BaseColor
-OpStore %v %16
-%19 = OpLoad %v4float %v
-OpStore %gl_FragColor %19
-OpReturn
-OpFunctionEnd
-)";
-
-  SinglePassRunAndCheck<AggressiveDCEPass>(
-      predefs1 + names_before + predefs2 + func_before,
-      predefs1 + names_after + predefs2 + func_after, true, true);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<AggressiveDCEPass>(spirv, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(AggressiveDCETest, NoEliminateFrexp) {
@@ -242,35 +218,23 @@
   //     gl_FragColor = v;
   // }
 
-  const std::string predefs1 =
-      R"(OpCapability Shader
+  const std::string spirv =
+      R"(
+OpCapability Shader
 %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %BaseColor %Dead %gl_FragColor
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
 OpSource GLSL 140
-)";
-
-  const std::string names_before =
-      R"(OpName %main "main"
+OpName %main "main"
 OpName %v "v"
 OpName %BaseColor "BaseColor"
 OpName %dv "dv"
 OpName %Dead "Dead"
 OpName %gl_FragColor "gl_FragColor"
+; CHECK-NOT: OpDecorate
 OpDecorate %8 RelaxedPrecision
-)";
-
-  const std::string names_after =
-      R"(OpName %main "main"
-OpName %v "v"
-OpName %BaseColor "BaseColor"
-OpName %Dead "Dead"
-OpName %gl_FragColor "gl_FragColor"
-)";
-
-  const std::string predefs2_before =
-      R"(%void = OpTypeVoid
+%void = OpTypeVoid
 %10 = OpTypeFunction %void
 %float = OpTypeFloat 32
 %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
@@ -281,29 +245,14 @@
 %float_0_5 = OpConstant %float 0.5
 %_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
 %gl_FragColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
-)";
-
-  const std::string predefs2_after =
-      R"(%void = OpTypeVoid
-%10 = OpTypeFunction %void
-%float = OpTypeFloat 32
-%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
-%_ptr_Function_v4float = OpTypePointer Function %v4float
-%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
-%BaseColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
-%Dead = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
-%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
-%gl_FragColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
-)";
-
-  const std::string func_before =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %10
+%main = OpFunction %void None %10
 %17 = OpLabel
 %v = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
 %dv = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
 %18 = OpLoad %v4float %BaseColor
 OpStore %v %18
 %19 = OpLoad %v4float %Dead
+; CHECK-NOT: OpVectorTimesScalar
 %8 = OpVectorTimesScalar %v4float %19 %float_0_5
 OpStore %dv %8
 %20 = OpLoad %v4float %v
@@ -312,21 +261,7 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
 
-  const std::string func_after =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %10
-%17 = OpLabel
-%v = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
-%18 = OpLoad %v4float %BaseColor
-OpStore %v %18
-%20 = OpLoad %v4float %v
-OpStore %gl_FragColor %20
-OpReturn
-OpFunctionEnd
-)";
-
-  SinglePassRunAndCheck<AggressiveDCEPass>(
-      predefs1 + names_before + predefs2_before + func_before,
-      predefs1 + names_after + predefs2_after + func_after, true, true);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<AggressiveDCEPass>(spirv, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(AggressiveDCETest, Simple) {
@@ -342,53 +277,44 @@
   //      gl_FragColor = v;
   //  }
 
-  const std::string predefs1 =
-      R"(OpCapability Shader
+  const std::string spirv =
+      R"(
+OpCapability Shader
 %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+; CHECK: OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %BaseColor %gl_FragColor
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %BaseColor %Dead %gl_FragColor
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
 OpSource GLSL 140
-)";
-
-  const std::string names_before =
-      R"(OpName %main "main"
+OpName %main "main"
 OpName %v "v"
 OpName %BaseColor "BaseColor"
+; CHECK-NOT: OpName %dv "dv"
 OpName %dv "dv"
+; CHECK-NOT: OpName %Dead "Dead"
 OpName %Dead "Dead"
 OpName %gl_FragColor "gl_FragColor"
-)";
-
-  const std::string names_after =
-      R"(OpName %main "main"
-OpName %v "v"
-OpName %BaseColor "BaseColor"
-OpName %Dead "Dead"
-OpName %gl_FragColor "gl_FragColor"
-)";
-
-  const std::string predefs2 =
-      R"(%void = OpTypeVoid
+%void = OpTypeVoid
 %9 = OpTypeFunction %void
 %float = OpTypeFloat 32
 %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
 %_ptr_Function_v4float = OpTypePointer Function %v4float
 %_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
 %BaseColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
+; CHECK-NOT: %Dead = OpVariable
 %Dead = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
 %_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
 %gl_FragColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
-)";
-
-  const std::string func_before =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %9
+%main = OpFunction %void None %9
 %15 = OpLabel
 %v = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
+; CHECK-NOT: %dv = OpVariable
 %dv = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
 %16 = OpLoad %v4float %BaseColor
 OpStore %v %16
+; CHECK-NOT: OpLoad %v4float %Dead
 %17 = OpLoad %v4float %Dead
+; CHECK-NOT: OpStore %dv
 OpStore %dv %17
 %18 = OpLoad %v4float %v
 OpStore %gl_FragColor %18
@@ -396,21 +322,7 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
 
-  const std::string func_after =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %9
-%15 = OpLabel
-%v = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
-%16 = OpLoad %v4float %BaseColor
-OpStore %v %16
-%18 = OpLoad %v4float %v
-OpStore %gl_FragColor %18
-OpReturn
-OpFunctionEnd
-)";
-
-  SinglePassRunAndCheck<AggressiveDCEPass>(
-      predefs1 + names_before + predefs2 + func_before,
-      predefs1 + names_after + predefs2 + func_after, true, true);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<AggressiveDCEPass>(spirv, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(AggressiveDCETest, OptAllowListExtension) {
@@ -426,35 +338,22 @@
   //      gl_FragColor = v;
   //  }
 
-  const std::string predefs1 =
+  const std::string spirv =
       R"(OpCapability Shader
 OpExtension "SPV_AMD_gpu_shader_int16"
 %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+; CHECK: OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %BaseColor %gl_FragColor
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %BaseColor %Dead %gl_FragColor
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
 OpSource GLSL 140
-)";
-
-  const std::string names_before =
-      R"(OpName %main "main"
+OpName %main "main"
 OpName %v "v"
 OpName %BaseColor "BaseColor"
 OpName %dv "dv"
 OpName %Dead "Dead"
 OpName %gl_FragColor "gl_FragColor"
-)";
-
-  const std::string names_after =
-      R"(OpName %main "main"
-OpName %v "v"
-OpName %BaseColor "BaseColor"
-OpName %Dead "Dead"
-OpName %gl_FragColor "gl_FragColor"
-)";
-
-  const std::string predefs2 =
-      R"(%void = OpTypeVoid
+%void = OpTypeVoid
 %9 = OpTypeFunction %void
 %float = OpTypeFloat 32
 %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
@@ -464,10 +363,7 @@
 %Dead = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
 %_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
 %gl_FragColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
-)";
-
-  const std::string func_before =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %9
+%main = OpFunction %void None %9
 %15 = OpLabel
 %v = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
 %dv = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
@@ -481,21 +377,7 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
 
-  const std::string func_after =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %9
-%15 = OpLabel
-%v = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
-%16 = OpLoad %v4float %BaseColor
-OpStore %v %16
-%18 = OpLoad %v4float %v
-OpStore %gl_FragColor %18
-OpReturn
-OpFunctionEnd
-)";
-
-  SinglePassRunAndCheck<AggressiveDCEPass>(
-      predefs1 + names_before + predefs2 + func_before,
-      predefs1 + names_after + predefs2 + func_after, true, true);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<AggressiveDCEPass>(spirv, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(AggressiveDCETest, NoOptDenyListExtension) {
@@ -571,7 +453,7 @@
   //     gl_FragColor = vec4(0.0);
   // }
 
-  const std::string defs_before =
+  const std::string text =
       R"( OpCapability Shader
 %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
@@ -600,54 +482,25 @@
 %gl_FragColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
 %float_0 = OpConstant %float 0
 %20 = OpConstantComposite %v4float %float_0 %float_0 %float_0 %float_0
-)";
-
-  const std::string defs_after =
-      R"(OpCapability Shader
-%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
-OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
-OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %i1 %i2 %gl_FragColor
-OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpSource GLSL 140
-OpName %main "main"
-OpName %nothing_vf4_ "nothing(vf4;"
-OpName %v "v"
-OpName %v1 "v1"
-OpName %i1 "i1"
-OpName %i2 "i2"
-OpName %param "param"
-OpName %gl_FragColor "gl_FragColor"
-%void = OpTypeVoid
-%12 = OpTypeFunction %void
-%float = OpTypeFloat 32
-%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
-%_ptr_Function_v4float = OpTypePointer Function %v4float
-%16 = OpTypeFunction %void %_ptr_Function_v4float
-%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
-%i1 = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
-%i2 = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
-%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
-%gl_FragColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
-%float_0 = OpConstant %float 0
-%20 = OpConstantComposite %v4float %float_0 %float_0 %float_0 %float_0
-)";
-
-  const std::string func_before =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %12
+%main = OpFunction %void None %12
 %21 = OpLabel
 %v1 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
 %v2 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
 %param = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
 %22 = OpLoad %v4float %i1
 OpStore %v1 %22
+; CHECK-NOT: OpLoad %v4float %i2
 %23 = OpLoad %v4float %i2
+; CHECK-NOT: OpStore %v2
 OpStore %v2 %23
 %24 = OpLoad %v4float %v1
 OpStore %param %24
+; CHECK: OpFunctionCall %void %nothing_vf4_
 %25 = OpFunctionCall %void %nothing_vf4_ %param
 OpStore %gl_FragColor %20
 OpReturn
 OpFunctionEnd
+; CHECK: %nothing_vf4_ = OpFunction
 %nothing_vf4_ = OpFunction %void None %16
 %v = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_Function_v4float
 %26 = OpLabel
@@ -655,28 +508,7 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
 
-  const std::string func_after =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %12
-%21 = OpLabel
-%v1 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
-%param = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
-%22 = OpLoad %v4float %i1
-OpStore %v1 %22
-%24 = OpLoad %v4float %v1
-OpStore %param %24
-%25 = OpFunctionCall %void %nothing_vf4_ %param
-OpStore %gl_FragColor %20
-OpReturn
-OpFunctionEnd
-%nothing_vf4_ = OpFunction %void None %16
-%v = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_Function_v4float
-%26 = OpLabel
-OpReturn
-OpFunctionEnd
-)";
-
-  SinglePassRunAndCheck<AggressiveDCEPass>(defs_before + func_before,
-                                           defs_after + func_after, true, true);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<AggressiveDCEPass>(text, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(AggressiveDCETest, NoParamElim) {
@@ -998,7 +830,7 @@
   //     OutColor = v;
   // }
 
-  const std::string predefs_before =
+  const std::string spirv =
       R"(OpCapability Shader
 %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
@@ -1008,6 +840,7 @@
 OpName %main "main"
 OpName %v "v"
 OpName %BaseColor "BaseColor"
+; CHECK-NOT: OpName %dv "dv"
 OpName %dv "dv"
 OpName %Dead "Dead"
 OpName %OutColor "OutColor"
@@ -1019,49 +852,22 @@
 %float = OpTypeFloat 32
 %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
 %_ptr_Function_v4float = OpTypePointer Function %v4float
+; CHECK-NOT: OpTypePointer Private
 %_ptr_Private_v4float = OpTypePointer Private %v4float
 %_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
 %BaseColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
 %Dead = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
 %_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+; CHECK-NOT: %dv = OpVariable
 %dv = OpVariable %_ptr_Private_v4float Private
 %OutColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
-)";
-
-  const std::string predefs_after =
-      R"(OpCapability Shader
-%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
-OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
-OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %BaseColor %Dead %OutColor
-OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpSource GLSL 450
-OpName %main "main"
-OpName %v "v"
-OpName %BaseColor "BaseColor"
-OpName %Dead "Dead"
-OpName %OutColor "OutColor"
-OpDecorate %BaseColor Location 0
-OpDecorate %Dead Location 1
-OpDecorate %OutColor Location 0
-%void = OpTypeVoid
-%9 = OpTypeFunction %void
-%float = OpTypeFloat 32
-%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
-%_ptr_Function_v4float = OpTypePointer Function %v4float
-%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
-%BaseColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
-%Dead = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
-%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
-%OutColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
-)";
-
-  const std::string main_before =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %9
+%main = OpFunction %void None %9
 %16 = OpLabel
 %v = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
 %17 = OpLoad %v4float %BaseColor
 OpStore %v %17
 %18 = OpLoad %v4float %Dead
+; CHECK-NOT: OpStore %dv
 OpStore %dv %18
 %19 = OpLoad %v4float %v
 %20 = OpFNegate %v4float %19
@@ -1070,21 +876,7 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
 
-  const std::string main_after =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %9
-%16 = OpLabel
-%v = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
-%17 = OpLoad %v4float %BaseColor
-OpStore %v %17
-%19 = OpLoad %v4float %v
-%20 = OpFNegate %v4float %19
-OpStore %OutColor %20
-OpReturn
-OpFunctionEnd
-)";
-
-  SinglePassRunAndCheck<AggressiveDCEPass>(
-      predefs_before + main_before, predefs_after + main_after, true, true);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<AggressiveDCEPass>(spirv, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(AggressiveDCETest, NoPrivateStoreElimIfLoad) {
@@ -1288,7 +1080,7 @@
   //     OutColor = v;
   // }
 
-  const std::string predefs_before =
+  const std::string spirv =
       R"(OpCapability Shader
 %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
@@ -1298,6 +1090,7 @@
 OpName %main "main"
 OpName %v "v"
 OpName %BaseColor "BaseColor"
+; CHECK-NOT: OpName %dv "dv"
 OpName %dv "dv"
 OpName %Dead "Dead"
 OpName %OutColor "OutColor"
@@ -1309,49 +1102,22 @@
 %float = OpTypeFloat 32
 %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
 %_ptr_Function_v4float = OpTypePointer Function %v4float
+; CHECK-NOT: OpTypePointer Workgroup
 %_ptr_Workgroup_v4float = OpTypePointer Workgroup %v4float
 %_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
 %BaseColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
 %Dead = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
 %_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+; CHECK-NOT: %dv = OpVariable
 %dv = OpVariable %_ptr_Workgroup_v4float Workgroup
 %OutColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
-)";
-
-  const std::string predefs_after =
-      R"(OpCapability Shader
-%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
-OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
-OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %BaseColor %Dead %OutColor
-OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpSource GLSL 450
-OpName %main "main"
-OpName %v "v"
-OpName %BaseColor "BaseColor"
-OpName %Dead "Dead"
-OpName %OutColor "OutColor"
-OpDecorate %BaseColor Location 0
-OpDecorate %Dead Location 1
-OpDecorate %OutColor Location 0
-%void = OpTypeVoid
-%9 = OpTypeFunction %void
-%float = OpTypeFloat 32
-%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
-%_ptr_Function_v4float = OpTypePointer Function %v4float
-%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
-%BaseColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
-%Dead = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
-%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
-%OutColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
-)";
-
-  const std::string main_before =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %9
+%main = OpFunction %void None %9
 %16 = OpLabel
 %v = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
 %17 = OpLoad %v4float %BaseColor
 OpStore %v %17
 %18 = OpLoad %v4float %Dead
+; CHECK-NOT: OpStore %dv
 OpStore %dv %18
 %19 = OpLoad %v4float %v
 %20 = OpFNegate %v4float %19
@@ -1360,21 +1126,7 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
 
-  const std::string main_after =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %9
-%16 = OpLabel
-%v = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
-%17 = OpLoad %v4float %BaseColor
-OpStore %v %17
-%19 = OpLoad %v4float %v
-%20 = OpFNegate %v4float %19
-OpStore %OutColor %20
-OpReturn
-OpFunctionEnd
-)";
-
-  SinglePassRunAndCheck<AggressiveDCEPass>(
-      predefs_before + main_before, predefs_after + main_after, true, true);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<AggressiveDCEPass>(spirv, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(AggressiveDCETest, EliminateDeadIfThenElse) {
@@ -1393,7 +1145,7 @@
   //     OutColor = vec4(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0);
   // }
 
-  const std::string predefs_before =
+  const std::string spirv =
       R"(OpCapability Shader
 %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
@@ -1424,34 +1176,11 @@
 %OutColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
 %float_1 = OpConstant %float 1
 %21 = OpConstantComposite %v4float %float_1 %float_1 %float_1 %float_1
-)";
-
-  const std::string predefs_after =
-      R"(OpCapability Shader
-%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
-OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
-OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %BaseColor %OutColor
-OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpSource GLSL 450
-OpName %main "main"
-OpName %BaseColor "BaseColor"
-OpName %OutColor "OutColor"
-OpDecorate %BaseColor Location 0
-OpDecorate %OutColor Location 0
-%void = OpTypeVoid
-%7 = OpTypeFunction %void
-%float = OpTypeFloat 32
-%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
-%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
-%BaseColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
-%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
-%OutColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
-%float_1 = OpConstant %float 1
-%21 = OpConstantComposite %v4float %float_1 %float_1 %float_1 %float_1
-)";
-
-  const std::string func_before =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %7
+; CHECK: = OpFunction %void
+; CHECK-NEXT: %22 = OpLabel
+; CHECK-NEXT: OpBranch %26
+; CHECK-NEXT: %26 = OpLabel
+%main = OpFunction %void None %7
 %22 = OpLabel
 %d = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_float Function
 %23 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_float %BaseColor %uint_0
@@ -1475,18 +1204,7 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
 
-  const std::string func_after =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %7
-%22 = OpLabel
-OpBranch %26
-%26 = OpLabel
-OpStore %OutColor %21
-OpReturn
-OpFunctionEnd
-)";
-
-  SinglePassRunAndCheck<AggressiveDCEPass>(
-      predefs_before + func_before, predefs_after + func_after, true, true);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<AggressiveDCEPass>(spirv, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(AggressiveDCETest, EliminateDeadIfThen) {
@@ -1503,7 +1221,7 @@
   //     OutColor = vec4(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0);
   // }
 
-  const std::string predefs_before =
+  const std::string spirv =
       R"(OpCapability Shader
 %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
@@ -1533,34 +1251,11 @@
 %OutColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
 %float_1 = OpConstant %float 1
 %20 = OpConstantComposite %v4float %float_1 %float_1 %float_1 %float_1
-)";
-
-  const std::string predefs_after =
-      R"(OpCapability Shader
-%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
-OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
-OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %BaseColor %OutColor
-OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpSource GLSL 450
-OpName %main "main"
-OpName %BaseColor "BaseColor"
-OpName %OutColor "OutColor"
-OpDecorate %BaseColor Location 0
-OpDecorate %OutColor Location 0
-%void = OpTypeVoid
-%7 = OpTypeFunction %void
-%float = OpTypeFloat 32
-%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
-%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
-%BaseColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
-%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
-%OutColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
-%float_1 = OpConstant %float 1
-%20 = OpConstantComposite %v4float %float_1 %float_1 %float_1 %float_1
-)";
-
-  const std::string func_before =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %7
+; CHECK: = OpFunction
+; CHECK-NEXT: %21 = OpLabel
+; CHECK-NEXT: OpBranch [[target:%\w+]]
+; CHECK-NEXT: [[target]] = OpLabel
+%main = OpFunction %void None %7
 %21 = OpLabel
 %d = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_float Function
 %22 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_float %BaseColor %uint_0
@@ -1579,18 +1274,7 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
 
-  const std::string func_after =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %7
-%21 = OpLabel
-OpBranch %25
-%25 = OpLabel
-OpStore %OutColor %20
-OpReturn
-OpFunctionEnd
-)";
-
-  SinglePassRunAndCheck<AggressiveDCEPass>(
-      predefs_before + func_before, predefs_after + func_after, true, true);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<AggressiveDCEPass>(spirv, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(AggressiveDCETest, EliminateDeadSwitch) {
@@ -1609,7 +1293,7 @@
   //     }
   //     OutColor = vec4(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0);
   // }
-  const std::string before =
+  const std::string spirv =
       R"(OpCapability Shader
           %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
                OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
@@ -1642,6 +1326,10 @@
    %OutColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
     %float_1 = OpConstant %float 1
          %27 = OpConstantComposite %v4float %float_1 %float_1 %float_1 %float_1
+; CHECK: = OpFunction
+; CHECK-NEXT: = OpLabel
+; CHECK-NEXT: OpBranch [[target:%\w+]]
+; CHECK-NEXT: [[target]] = OpLabel
        %main = OpFunction %void None %3
           %5 = OpLabel
           %d = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_float Function
@@ -1658,45 +1346,7 @@
                OpReturn
                OpFunctionEnd)";
 
-  const std::string after =
-      R"(OpCapability Shader
-%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
-OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
-OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %x %BaseColor %OutColor
-OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpSource GLSL 450
-OpName %main "main"
-OpName %x "x"
-OpName %BaseColor "BaseColor"
-OpName %OutColor "OutColor"
-OpDecorate %x Flat
-OpDecorate %x Location 1
-OpDecorate %BaseColor Location 0
-OpDecorate %OutColor Location 0
-%void = OpTypeVoid
-%3 = OpTypeFunction %void
-%int = OpTypeInt 32 1
-%_ptr_Input_int = OpTypePointer Input %int
-%x = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_int Input
-%float = OpTypeFloat 32
-%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
-%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
-%BaseColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
-%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
-%OutColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
-%float_1 = OpConstant %float 1
-%27 = OpConstantComposite %v4float %float_1 %float_1 %float_1 %float_1
-%main = OpFunction %void None %3
-%5 = OpLabel
-OpBranch %11
-%11 = OpLabel
-OpStore %OutColor %27
-OpReturn
-OpFunctionEnd
-)";
-
-  SetAssembleOptions(SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS);
-  SinglePassRunAndCheck<AggressiveDCEPass>(before, after, true, true);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<AggressiveDCEPass>(spirv, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(AggressiveDCETest, EliminateDeadIfThenElseNested) {
@@ -1721,7 +1371,7 @@
   //     OutColor = vec4(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0);
   // }
 
-  const std::string predefs_before =
+  const std::string spirv =
       R"(OpCapability Shader
 %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
@@ -1754,34 +1404,14 @@
 %OutColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
 %float_1 = OpConstant %float 1
 %23 = OpConstantComposite %v4float %float_1 %float_1 %float_1 %float_1
-)";
 
-  const std::string predefs_after =
-      R"(OpCapability Shader
-%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
-OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
-OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %BaseColor %OutColor
-OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpSource GLSL 450
-OpName %main "main"
-OpName %BaseColor "BaseColor"
-OpName %OutColor "OutColor"
-OpDecorate %BaseColor Location 0
-OpDecorate %OutColor Location 0
-%void = OpTypeVoid
-%7 = OpTypeFunction %void
-%float = OpTypeFloat 32
-%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
-%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
-%BaseColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
-%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
-%OutColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
-%float_1 = OpConstant %float 1
-%23 = OpConstantComposite %v4float %float_1 %float_1 %float_1 %float_1
-)";
+; CHECK: = OpFunction
+; CHECK-NEXT: = OpLabel
+; CHECK-NEXT: OpBranch [[target:%\w+]]
+; CHECK-NEXT: [[target]] = OpLabel
+; CHECK-NOT: OpLabel
 
-  const std::string func_before =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %7
+%main = OpFunction %void None %7
 %24 = OpLabel
 %d = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_float Function
 %25 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_float %BaseColor %uint_0
@@ -1823,18 +1453,7 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
 
-  const std::string func_after =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %7
-%24 = OpLabel
-OpBranch %28
-%28 = OpLabel
-OpStore %OutColor %23
-OpReturn
-OpFunctionEnd
-)";
-
-  SinglePassRunAndCheck<AggressiveDCEPass>(
-      predefs_before + func_before, predefs_after + func_after, true, true);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<AggressiveDCEPass>(spirv, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(AggressiveDCETest, NoEliminateLiveIfThenElse) {
@@ -2578,7 +2197,7 @@
   //       d = BaseColor.z;
   // }
 
-  const std::string predefs_before =
+  const std::string spirv =
       R"(OpCapability Shader
 %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
@@ -2607,32 +2226,15 @@
 %uint_2 = OpConstant %uint 2
 %_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
 %OutColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
-)";
 
-  const std::string predefs_after =
-      R"(OpCapability Shader
-%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
-OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
-OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %BaseColor %OutColor
-OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpSource GLSL 450
-OpName %main "main"
-OpName %BaseColor "BaseColor"
-OpName %OutColor "OutColor"
-OpDecorate %BaseColor Location 0
-OpDecorate %OutColor Location 0
-%void = OpTypeVoid
-%7 = OpTypeFunction %void
-%float = OpTypeFloat 32
-%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
-%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
-%BaseColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
-%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
-%OutColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
-)";
+; CHECK: = OpFunction
+; CHECK-NEXT: = OpLabel
+; CHECK-NEXT: OpBranch [[target:%\w+]]
+; CHECK-NEXT: [[target]] = OpLabel
+; CHECK-NEXT: OpReturn
+; CHECK-NEXT: OpFunctionEnd
 
-  const std::string func_before =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %7
+%main = OpFunction %void None %7
 %20 = OpLabel
 %d = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_float Function
 %21 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_float %BaseColor %uint_0
@@ -2655,17 +2257,7 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
 
-  const std::string func_after =
-      R"(%main = OpFunction %void None %7
-%20 = OpLabel
-OpBranch %24
-%24 = OpLabel
-OpReturn
-OpFunctionEnd
-)";
-
-  SinglePassRunAndCheck<AggressiveDCEPass>(
-      predefs_before + func_before, predefs_after + func_after, true, true);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<AggressiveDCEPass>(spirv, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(AggressiveDCETest, EliminateUselessInnerLoop) {
@@ -4731,7 +4323,7 @@
         },
 
         // Uint vector type spec constants. One vector has all component dead,
-        // another vector has one dead unsigend integer and one used unsigned
+        // another vector has one dead unsigned integer and one used unsigned
         // integer.
         {
             /* .used_consts = */
@@ -5521,10 +5113,9 @@
 OpCapability Shader
 %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
-OpEntryPoint GLCompute %2 "min" %gl_GlobalInvocationID
+OpEntryPoint GLCompute %2 "min"
 OpExecutionMode %2 LocalSize 64 1 1
 OpSource HLSL 600
-OpDecorate %gl_GlobalInvocationID BuiltIn GlobalInvocationId
 OpDecorate %4 DescriptorSet 4
 OpDecorate %4 Binding 70
 %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
@@ -5535,12 +5126,9 @@
 %10 = OpTypeFunction %void
 %uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
 %uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
-%v3uint = OpTypeVector %uint 3
-%_ptr_Input_v3uint = OpTypePointer Input %v3uint
 %_ptr_Image_uint = OpTypePointer Image %uint
 %4 = OpVariable %_ptr_UniformConstant_6 UniformConstant
 %16 = OpVariable %_ptr_Private_6 Private
-%gl_GlobalInvocationID = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v3uint Input
 %2 = OpFunction %void None %10
 %17 = OpLabel
 %18 = OpLoad %6 %4
@@ -6393,8 +5981,8 @@
 
 TEST_F(AggressiveDCETest, DeadInputInterfaceV13) {
   const std::string spirv = R"(
-; CHECK: OpEntryPoint GLCompute %main "main" [[var:%\w+]]
-; CHECK: [[var]] = OpVariable
+; CHECK: OpEntryPoint GLCompute %main "main"
+; CHECK-NOT: OpVariable
 OpCapability Shader
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint GLCompute %main "main" %dead
@@ -6417,8 +6005,8 @@
 
 TEST_F(AggressiveDCETest, DeadInputInterfaceV14) {
   const std::string spirv = R"(
-; CHECK: OpEntryPoint GLCompute %main "main" [[var:%\w+]]
-; CHECK: [[var]] = OpVariable
+; CHECK: OpEntryPoint GLCompute %main "main"
+; CHECK-NOT: OpVariable
 OpCapability Shader
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint GLCompute %main "main" %dead
diff --git a/test/opt/assembly_builder.h b/test/opt/assembly_builder.h
index 1673c09..b94e90f 100644
--- a/test/opt/assembly_builder.h
+++ b/test/opt/assembly_builder.h
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
   static const uint32_t SPEC_ID_BASE = 200;
 
  public:
-  // Initalize a minimal SPIR-V assembly code as the template. The minimal
+  // Initialize a minimal SPIR-V assembly code as the template. The minimal
   // module contains an empty main function and some predefined names for the
   // main function.
   AssemblyBuilder()
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
     });
   }
 
-  // Appends OpName instructions to this builder. Instrcution strings that do
+  // Appends OpName instructions to this builder. Instruction strings that do
   // not start with 'OpName ' will be skipped. Returns the references of this
   // assembly builder.
   AssemblyBuilder& AppendNames(const std::vector<std::string>& vec_asm_code) {
diff --git a/test/opt/block_merge_test.cpp b/test/opt/block_merge_test.cpp
index 6903c4e..9698fed 100644
--- a/test/opt/block_merge_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/block_merge_test.cpp
@@ -884,7 +884,7 @@
 ; CHECK-NEXT: [[header]] = OpLabel
 ; CHECK-NEXT: OpSelectionMerge [[merge:%\w+]]
 ; CHECK: [[merge]] = OpLabel
-; CHEKC: OpReturn
+; CHECK: OpReturn
 OpCapability Shader
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %func "func"
diff --git a/test/opt/ccp_test.cpp b/test/opt/ccp_test.cpp
index 212e051..f0f2436 100644
--- a/test/opt/ccp_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/ccp_test.cpp
@@ -582,6 +582,35 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(std::get<1>(res), Pass::Status::SuccessWithoutChange);
 }
 
+TEST_F(CCPTest, FoldConstantCompositeInstrucitonsWithSpecConst) {
+  const std::string spv_asm = R"(
+               OpCapability Shader
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %1 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %1 OriginUpperLeft
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %4 = OpTypeFunction %void
+       %bool = OpTypeBool
+     %v3bool = OpTypeVector %bool 3
+  %_struct_8 = OpTypeStruct %v3bool
+       %true = OpConstantTrue %bool
+; CHECK: [[spec_const:%\w+]] = OpSpecConstantComposite %v3bool
+         %11 = OpSpecConstantComposite %v3bool %true %true %true
+         %12 = OpConstantComposite %_struct_8 %11
+; CHECK: OpFunction
+          %1 = OpFunction %void None %4
+         %29 = OpLabel
+         %31 = OpCompositeExtract %v3bool %12 0
+; CHECK: OpCompositeExtract %bool [[spec_const]] 0
+         %32 = OpCompositeExtract %bool %31 0
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+  )";
+
+  auto result = SinglePassRunAndMatch<CCPPass>(spv_asm, true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::get<1>(result), Pass::Status::SuccessWithChange);
+}
+
 TEST_F(CCPTest, UpdateSubsequentPhisToVarying) {
   const std::string text = R"(
 OpCapability Shader
@@ -1234,6 +1263,86 @@
 
   SinglePassRunAndCheck<CCPPass>(text, text, false);
 }
+
+// Test from https://github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Tools/issues/4462.
+// The test was causing a lateral movement in the constant lattice, which was
+// not being detected as varying by CCP. In this test, FClamp is evaluated
+// twice.  On the first evaluation, if computes FClamp(0.5, 0.5, -1) which
+// returns -1.  On the second evaluation, it computes FClamp(0.5, 0.5, VARYING)
+// which returns 0.5.
+//
+// Both fold() computations are correct given the semantics of FClamp() but
+// this causes a lateral transition in the constant lattice which was not being
+// considered VARYING by CCP.
+TEST_F(CCPTest, LateralLatticeTransition) {
+  const std::string text = R"(OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %gl_FragCoord %outColor
+               OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource ESSL 310
+               OpName %main "main"
+               OpName %gl_FragCoord "gl_FragCoord"
+               OpName %outColor "outColor"
+               OpDecorate %gl_FragCoord BuiltIn FragCoord
+               OpDecorate %outColor Location 0
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %6 = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+  %float_0_5 = OpConstant %float 0.5
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
+%gl_FragCoord = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+     %uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
+%_ptr_Input_float = OpTypePointer Input %float
+    %float_0 = OpConstant %float 0
+       %bool = OpTypeBool
+   %float_n1 = OpConstant %float -1
+    %float_1 = OpConstant %float 1
+%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+   %outColor = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
+
+; This constant is created during the first evaluation of the CompositeConstruct
+; CHECK: [[new_constant:%\d+]] = OpConstantComposite %v4float %float_n1 %float_0_5 %float_0 %float_1
+
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %6
+         %19 = OpLabel
+         %20 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_float %gl_FragCoord %uint_0
+         %21 = OpLoad %float %20
+         %22 = OpFOrdLessThan %bool %21 %float_0
+               OpSelectionMerge %23 None
+               OpBranchConditional %22 %24 %25
+         %24 = OpLabel
+               OpBranch %23
+         %25 = OpLabel
+               OpBranch %26
+         %26 = OpLabel
+               OpBranch %23
+         %23 = OpLabel
+         %27 = OpPhi %float %float_n1 %24 %float_0_5 %26
+         %28 = OpExtInst %float %1 FClamp %float_0_5 %float_0_5 %27
+
+         ; On first evaluation, the result from FClamp will return 0.5.
+         ; But on second evaluation, FClamp should return VARYING.  Check
+         ; that CCP is not keeping the first result.
+         ; CHECK-NOT: %29 = OpCompositeConstruct %v4float %float_0_5 %float_0_5 %float_0 %float_1
+         %29 = OpCompositeConstruct %v4float %28 %float_0_5 %float_0 %float_1
+
+         ; CHECK-NOT: OpCopyObject %v4float [[new_constant]]
+         %42 = OpCopyObject %v4float %29
+
+         ; CHECK-NOT: OpStore %outColor [[new_constant]]
+               OpStore %outColor %42
+
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  auto result = SinglePassRunAndMatch<CCPPass>(text, true);
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::get<1>(result), Pass::Status::SuccessWithChange);
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace opt
 }  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/opt/code_sink_test.cpp b/test/opt/code_sink_test.cpp
index f1bd127..bf5029b 100644
--- a/test/opt/code_sink_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/code_sink_test.cpp
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@
        %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
      %uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
      %uint_4 = OpConstant %uint 4
-%mem_semantics = OpConstant %uint 0x42 ; Uniform memeory arquire
+%mem_semantics = OpConstant %uint 0x42 ; Uniform memory arquire
 %_arr_uint_uint_4 = OpTypeArray %uint %uint_4
 %_ptr_Uniform_uint = OpTypePointer Uniform %uint
 %_ptr_Uniform__arr_uint_uint_4 = OpTypePointer Uniform %_arr_uint_uint_4
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@
        %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
      %uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
      %uint_4 = OpConstant %uint 4
-%mem_semantics = OpConstant %uint 0x42 ; Uniform memeory arquire
+%mem_semantics = OpConstant %uint 0x42 ; Uniform memory arquire
 %_arr_uint_uint_4 = OpTypeStruct %uint
 %_ptr_Uniform_uint = OpTypePointer Uniform %uint
 %_ptr_Uniform__arr_uint_uint_4 = OpTypePointer Uniform %_arr_uint_uint_4
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@
        %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
      %uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
      %uint_4 = OpConstant %uint 4
-%mem_semantics = OpConstant %uint 0x42 ; Uniform memeory arquire
+%mem_semantics = OpConstant %uint 0x42 ; Uniform memory arquire
 %_arr_uint_uint_4 = OpTypeStruct %uint
 %_ptr_Uniform_uint = OpTypePointer Uniform %uint
 %_ptr_Uniform__arr_uint_uint_4 = OpTypePointer Uniform %_arr_uint_uint_4
diff --git a/test/opt/compact_ids_test.cpp b/test/opt/compact_ids_test.cpp
index ba31d84..7c232fe 100644
--- a/test/opt/compact_ids_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/compact_ids_test.cpp
@@ -310,6 +310,41 @@
   EXPECT_THAT(disassembly, ::testing::Eq(expected));
 }
 
+TEST(CompactIds, ResetIdBound) {
+  const std::string input(R"(OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %1 "main"
+OpExecutionMode %1 OriginUpperLeft
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+%1 = OpFunction %void None %3
+%4 = OpLabel
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)");
+
+  spvtools::SpirvTools tools(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1);
+  std::unique_ptr<IRContext> context =
+      BuildModule(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, nullptr, input,
+                  SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS);
+  ASSERT_NE(context, nullptr);
+
+  CompactIdsPass compact_id_pass;
+  context->module()->SetIdBound(20000);
+  const auto status = compact_id_pass.Run(context.get());
+  EXPECT_EQ(status, Pass::Status::SuccessWithChange);
+  EXPECT_EQ(context->module()->id_bound(), 5);
+
+  // Test output just in case
+  std::vector<uint32_t> binary;
+  context->module()->ToBinary(&binary, false);
+  std::string disassembly;
+  tools.Disassemble(binary, &disassembly,
+                    SpirvTools::kDefaultDisassembleOption);
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(disassembly, ::testing::Eq(input));
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace opt
 }  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/opt/dead_branch_elim_test.cpp b/test/opt/dead_branch_elim_test.cpp
index 9c1ef2a..b04c8f5 100644
--- a/test/opt/dead_branch_elim_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/dead_branch_elim_test.cpp
@@ -1613,7 +1613,7 @@
 %11 = OpLogicalOr %bool %true %false
 OpBranch %7
 %7 = OpLabel
-; This phi is in a block preceeding the merge %14!
+; This phi is in a block preceding the merge %14!
 %8 = OpPhi %bool %10 %5 %11 %6
 OpBranch %14
 %14 = OpLabel
diff --git a/test/opt/decoration_manager_test.cpp b/test/opt/decoration_manager_test.cpp
index fcfbff0..c9fabe7 100644
--- a/test/opt/decoration_manager_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/decoration_manager_test.cpp
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
 TEST_F(DecorationManagerTest,
        ComparingDecorationsWithDiffOpcodesDecorateDecorateId) {
   IRContext ir_context(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, GetConsumer());
-  // This parameter can be interprated both as { SpvDecorationConstant }
+  // This parameter can be interpreted both as { SpvDecorationConstant }
   // and also as a list of IDs:  { 22 }
   const std::vector<uint32_t> param{SpvDecorationConstant};
   // OpDecorate %1 Constant
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
 TEST_F(DecorationManagerTest,
        ComparingDecorationsWithDiffOpcodesDecorateDecorateString) {
   IRContext ir_context(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, GetConsumer());
-  // This parameter can be interprated both as { SpvDecorationConstant }
+  // This parameter can be interpreted both as { SpvDecorationConstant }
   // and also as a null-terminated string with a single character with value 22.
   const std::vector<uint32_t> param{SpvDecorationConstant};
   // OpDecorate %1 Constant
diff --git a/test/opt/def_use_test.cpp b/test/opt/def_use_test.cpp
index cfdad74..48a485e 100644
--- a/test/opt/def_use_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/def_use_test.cpp
@@ -950,6 +950,369 @@
 );
 // clang-format on
 
+// We re-use the same replace usecases, we need to similarly exercise the
+// DefUseManager by replacing instructions and uses.
+using CompactIdempotence = ::testing::TestWithParam<ReplaceUseCase>;
+
+TEST_P(CompactIdempotence, Case) {
+  const auto& tc = GetParam();
+
+  // Build module.
+  const std::vector<const char*> text = {tc.before};
+  std::unique_ptr<IRContext> context =
+      BuildModule(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, nullptr, JoinAllInsts(text),
+                  SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS);
+  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, context);
+
+  // Force a re-build of def-use manager.
+  context->InvalidateAnalyses(IRContext::Analysis::kAnalysisDefUse);
+  (void)context->get_def_use_mgr();
+
+  // Do the substitution.
+  for (const auto& candidate : tc.candidates) {
+    context->ReplaceAllUsesWith(candidate.first, candidate.second);
+  }
+
+  // Ensure new/uncompacted managers produce the same result
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CompareAndPrintDifferences(*context->get_def_use_mgr(),
+                                         DefUseManager(context->module())));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(tc.after, DisassembleModule(context->module()));
+  CheckDef(tc.du, context->get_def_use_mgr()->id_to_defs());
+  CheckUse(tc.du, context->get_def_use_mgr(), context->module()->IdBound());
+
+  // Compare again after compacting the defuse manager's storage
+  context->get_def_use_mgr()->CompactStorage();
+
+  CheckDef(tc.du, context->get_def_use_mgr()->id_to_defs());
+  CheckUse(tc.du, context->get_def_use_mgr(), context->module()->IdBound());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CompareAndPrintDifferences(*context->get_def_use_mgr(),
+                                         DefUseManager(context->module())));
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    TestCase, CompactIdempotence,
+    ::testing::ValuesIn(std::vector<ReplaceUseCase>{
+      { // no use, no replace request
+        "", {}, "", {},
+      },
+      { // replace one use
+        "%1 = OpTypeBool "
+        "%2 = OpTypeVector %1 3 "
+        "%3 = OpTypeInt 32 0 ",
+        {{1, 3}},
+        "%1 = OpTypeBool\n"
+        "%2 = OpTypeVector %3 3\n"
+        "%3 = OpTypeInt 32 0",
+        {
+          { // defs
+            {1, "%1 = OpTypeBool"},
+            {2, "%2 = OpTypeVector %3 3"},
+            {3, "%3 = OpTypeInt 32 0"},
+          },
+          { // uses
+            {3, {"%2 = OpTypeVector %3 3"}},
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      { // replace and then replace back
+        "%1 = OpTypeBool "
+        "%2 = OpTypeVector %1 3 "
+        "%3 = OpTypeInt 32 0",
+        {{1, 3}, {3, 1}},
+        "%1 = OpTypeBool\n"
+        "%2 = OpTypeVector %1 3\n"
+        "%3 = OpTypeInt 32 0",
+        {
+          { // defs
+            {1, "%1 = OpTypeBool"},
+            {2, "%2 = OpTypeVector %1 3"},
+            {3, "%3 = OpTypeInt 32 0"},
+          },
+          { // uses
+            {1, {"%2 = OpTypeVector %1 3"}},
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      { // replace with the same id
+        "%1 = OpTypeBool "
+        "%2 = OpTypeVector %1 3",
+        {{1, 1}, {2, 2}, {3, 3}},
+        "%1 = OpTypeBool\n"
+        "%2 = OpTypeVector %1 3",
+        {
+          { // defs
+            {1, "%1 = OpTypeBool"},
+            {2, "%2 = OpTypeVector %1 3"},
+          },
+          { // uses
+            {1, {"%2 = OpTypeVector %1 3"}},
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      { // replace in sequence
+        "%1 = OpTypeBool "
+        "%2 = OpTypeVector %1 3 "
+        "%3 = OpTypeInt 32 0 "
+        "%4 = OpTypeInt 32 1 ",
+        {{1, 3}, {3, 4}},
+        "%1 = OpTypeBool\n"
+        "%2 = OpTypeVector %4 3\n"
+        "%3 = OpTypeInt 32 0\n"
+        "%4 = OpTypeInt 32 1",
+        {
+          { // defs
+            {1, "%1 = OpTypeBool"},
+            {2, "%2 = OpTypeVector %4 3"},
+            {3, "%3 = OpTypeInt 32 0"},
+            {4, "%4 = OpTypeInt 32 1"},
+          },
+          { // uses
+            {4, {"%2 = OpTypeVector %4 3"}},
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      { // replace multiple uses
+        "%1 = OpTypeBool "
+        "%2 = OpTypeVector %1 2 "
+        "%3 = OpTypeVector %1 3 "
+        "%4 = OpTypeVector %1 4 "
+        "%5 = OpTypeMatrix %2 2 "
+        "%6 = OpTypeMatrix %3 3 "
+        "%7 = OpTypeMatrix %4 4 "
+        "%8 = OpTypeInt 32 0 "
+        "%9 = OpTypeInt 32 1 "
+        "%10 = OpTypeInt 64 0",
+        {{1, 8}, {2, 9}, {4, 10}},
+        "%1 = OpTypeBool\n"
+        "%2 = OpTypeVector %8 2\n"
+        "%3 = OpTypeVector %8 3\n"
+        "%4 = OpTypeVector %8 4\n"
+        "%5 = OpTypeMatrix %9 2\n"
+        "%6 = OpTypeMatrix %3 3\n"
+        "%7 = OpTypeMatrix %10 4\n"
+        "%8 = OpTypeInt 32 0\n"
+        "%9 = OpTypeInt 32 1\n"
+        "%10 = OpTypeInt 64 0",
+        {
+          { // defs
+            {1, "%1 = OpTypeBool"},
+            {2, "%2 = OpTypeVector %8 2"},
+            {3, "%3 = OpTypeVector %8 3"},
+            {4, "%4 = OpTypeVector %8 4"},
+            {5, "%5 = OpTypeMatrix %9 2"},
+            {6, "%6 = OpTypeMatrix %3 3"},
+            {7, "%7 = OpTypeMatrix %10 4"},
+            {8, "%8 = OpTypeInt 32 0"},
+            {9, "%9 = OpTypeInt 32 1"},
+            {10, "%10 = OpTypeInt 64 0"},
+          },
+          { // uses
+            {8,
+              {
+                "%2 = OpTypeVector %8 2",
+                "%3 = OpTypeVector %8 3",
+                "%4 = OpTypeVector %8 4",
+              }
+            },
+            {9, {"%5 = OpTypeMatrix %9 2"}},
+            {3, {"%6 = OpTypeMatrix %3 3"}},
+            {10, {"%7 = OpTypeMatrix %10 4"}},
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      { // OpPhi.
+        kOpPhiTestFunction,
+        // replace one id used by OpPhi, replace one id generated by OpPhi
+        {{9, 13}, {11, 9}},
+         "%1 = OpTypeVoid\n"
+         "%6 = OpTypeInt 32 0\n"
+         "%10 = OpTypeFloat 32\n"
+         "%16 = OpTypeBool\n"
+         "%3 = OpTypeFunction %1\n"
+         "%8 = OpConstant %6 0\n"
+         "%18 = OpConstant %6 1\n"
+         "%12 = OpConstant %10 1\n"
+         "%2 = OpFunction %1 None %3\n"
+         "%4 = OpLabel\n"
+               "OpBranch %5\n"
+
+         "%5 = OpLabel\n"
+         "%7 = OpPhi %6 %8 %4 %13 %5\n" // %9 -> %13
+        "%11 = OpPhi %10 %12 %4 %13 %5\n"
+         "%9 = OpIAdd %6 %7 %8\n"
+        "%13 = OpFAdd %10 %9 %12\n"       // %11 -> %9
+        "%17 = OpSLessThan %16 %7 %18\n"
+              "OpLoopMerge %19 %5 None\n"
+              "OpBranchConditional %17 %5 %19\n"
+
+        "%19 = OpLabel\n"
+              "OpReturn\n"
+              "OpFunctionEnd",
+        {
+          { // defs.
+            {1, "%1 = OpTypeVoid"},
+            {2, "%2 = OpFunction %1 None %3"},
+            {3, "%3 = OpTypeFunction %1"},
+            {4, "%4 = OpLabel"},
+            {5, "%5 = OpLabel"},
+            {6, "%6 = OpTypeInt 32 0"},
+            {7, "%7 = OpPhi %6 %8 %4 %13 %5"},
+            {8, "%8 = OpConstant %6 0"},
+            {9, "%9 = OpIAdd %6 %7 %8"},
+            {10, "%10 = OpTypeFloat 32"},
+            {11, "%11 = OpPhi %10 %12 %4 %13 %5"},
+            {12, "%12 = OpConstant %10 1.0"},
+            {13, "%13 = OpFAdd %10 %9 %12"},
+            {16, "%16 = OpTypeBool"},
+            {17, "%17 = OpSLessThan %16 %7 %18"},
+            {18, "%18 = OpConstant %6 1"},
+            {19, "%19 = OpLabel"},
+          },
+          { // uses
+            {1,
+              {
+                "%2 = OpFunction %1 None %3",
+                "%3 = OpTypeFunction %1",
+              }
+            },
+            {3, {"%2 = OpFunction %1 None %3"}},
+            {4,
+              {
+                "%7 = OpPhi %6 %8 %4 %13 %5",
+                "%11 = OpPhi %10 %12 %4 %13 %5",
+              }
+            },
+            {5,
+              {
+                "OpBranch %5",
+                "%7 = OpPhi %6 %8 %4 %13 %5",
+                "%11 = OpPhi %10 %12 %4 %13 %5",
+                "OpLoopMerge %19 %5 None",
+                "OpBranchConditional %17 %5 %19",
+              }
+            },
+            {6,
+              {
+                // Can't properly check constants
+                // "%8 = OpConstant %6 0",
+                // "%18 = OpConstant %6 1",
+                "%7 = OpPhi %6 %8 %4 %13 %5",
+                "%9 = OpIAdd %6 %7 %8"
+              }
+            },
+            {7,
+              {
+                "%9 = OpIAdd %6 %7 %8",
+                "%17 = OpSLessThan %16 %7 %18",
+              }
+            },
+            {8,
+              {
+                "%7 = OpPhi %6 %8 %4 %13 %5",
+                "%9 = OpIAdd %6 %7 %8",
+              }
+            },
+            {9, {"%13 = OpFAdd %10 %9 %12"}}, // uses of %9 changed from %7 to %13
+            {10,
+              {
+                "%11 = OpPhi %10 %12 %4 %13 %5",
+                // "%12 = OpConstant %10 1",
+                "%13 = OpFAdd %10 %9 %12"
+              }
+            },
+            // no more uses of %11
+            {12,
+              {
+                "%11 = OpPhi %10 %12 %4 %13 %5",
+                "%13 = OpFAdd %10 %9 %12"
+              }
+            },
+            {13, {
+                   "%7 = OpPhi %6 %8 %4 %13 %5",
+                   "%11 = OpPhi %10 %12 %4 %13 %5",
+                 }
+            },
+            {16, {"%17 = OpSLessThan %16 %7 %18"}},
+            {17, {"OpBranchConditional %17 %5 %19"}},
+            {18, {"%17 = OpSLessThan %16 %7 %18"}},
+            {19,
+              {
+                "OpLoopMerge %19 %5 None",
+                "OpBranchConditional %17 %5 %19",
+              }
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      { // OpPhi defining and referencing the same id.
+        "%1 = OpTypeBool "
+        "%3 = OpTypeFunction %1 "
+        "%2 = OpConstantTrue %1 "
+
+        "%4 = OpFunction %3 None %1 "
+        "%6 = OpLabel "
+        "     OpBranch %7 "
+        "%7 = OpLabel "
+        "%8 = OpPhi %1   %8 %7   %2 %6 " // both defines and uses %8
+        "     OpBranch %7 "
+        "     OpFunctionEnd",
+        {{8, 2}},
+        "%1 = OpTypeBool\n"
+        "%3 = OpTypeFunction %1\n"
+        "%2 = OpConstantTrue %1\n"
+
+        "%4 = OpFunction %3 None %1\n"
+        "%6 = OpLabel\n"
+             "OpBranch %7\n"
+        "%7 = OpLabel\n"
+        "%8 = OpPhi %1 %2 %7 %2 %6\n" // use of %8 changed to %2
+             "OpBranch %7\n"
+             "OpFunctionEnd",
+        {
+          { // defs
+            {1, "%1 = OpTypeBool"},
+            {2, "%2 = OpConstantTrue %1"},
+            {3, "%3 = OpTypeFunction %1"},
+            {4, "%4 = OpFunction %3 None %1"},
+            {6, "%6 = OpLabel"},
+            {7, "%7 = OpLabel"},
+            {8, "%8 = OpPhi %1 %2 %7 %2 %6"},
+          },
+          { // uses
+            {1,
+              {
+                "%2 = OpConstantTrue %1",
+                "%3 = OpTypeFunction %1",
+                "%4 = OpFunction %3 None %1",
+                "%8 = OpPhi %1 %2 %7 %2 %6",
+              }
+            },
+            {2,
+              {
+                // Only checking users
+                "%8 = OpPhi %1 %2 %7 %2 %6",
+              }
+            },
+            {3, {"%4 = OpFunction %3 None %1"}},
+            {6, {"%8 = OpPhi %1 %2 %7 %2 %6"}},
+            {7,
+              {
+                "OpBranch %7",
+                "%8 = OpPhi %1 %2 %7 %2 %6",
+                "OpBranch %7",
+              }
+            },
+            // {8, {"%8 = OpPhi %1 %8 %7 %2 %6"}},
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    })
+);
+// clang-format on
+
 struct KillDefCase {
   const char* before;
   std::vector<uint32_t> ids_to_kill;
@@ -1656,7 +2019,7 @@
           "OpGroupDecorate %1 %2 %3",
         },
       },
-      // memeber decorate
+      // member decorate
       {
         // code
         "OpMemberDecorate %1 0 RelaxedPrecision "
@@ -1707,9 +2070,10 @@
   def->SetInOperands({{SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_ID, {25}}});
   context->UpdateDefUse(def);
 
-  auto users = def_use_mgr->id_to_users();
-  UserEntry entry = {def, use};
-  EXPECT_THAT(users, Contains(entry));
+  auto scanUser = [&](Instruction* user) { return user != use; };
+  bool userFound = !def_use_mgr->WhileEachUser(def, scanUser);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(userFound);
 }
 // clang-format on
 
diff --git a/test/opt/desc_sroa_test.cpp b/test/opt/desc_sroa_test.cpp
index dcb625d..91c950e 100644
--- a/test/opt/desc_sroa_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/desc_sroa_test.cpp
@@ -833,6 +833,93 @@
   SinglePassRunAndMatch<DescriptorScalarReplacement>(shader, true);
 }
 
+TEST_F(DescriptorScalarReplacementTest, DecorateStringForReflect) {
+  // Check that an OpDecorateString instruction is correctly cloned to new
+  // variable.
+
+  const std::string shader = R"(
+; CHECK: OpName %g_testTextures_0_ "g_testTextures[0]"
+; CHECK: OpDecorate %g_testTextures_0_ DescriptorSet 0
+; CHECK: OpDecorate %g_testTextures_0_ Binding 0
+; CHECK: OpDecorateString %g_testTextures_0_ UserTypeGOOGLE "texture2d"
+               OpCapability Shader
+               OpExtension "SPV_GOOGLE_hlsl_functionality1"
+               OpExtension "SPV_GOOGLE_user_type"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %gl_FragCoord %out_var_SV_Target
+               OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource HLSL 600
+               OpName %type_2d_image "type.2d.image"
+               OpName %g_testTextures "g_testTextures"
+               OpName %out_var_SV_Target "out.var.SV_Target"
+               OpName %main "main"
+               OpName %param_var_vPixelPos "param.var.vPixelPos"
+               OpName %src_main "src.main"
+               OpName %vPixelPos "vPixelPos"
+               OpName %bb_entry "bb.entry"
+               OpDecorate %gl_FragCoord BuiltIn FragCoord
+               OpDecorateString %gl_FragCoord UserSemantic "SV_Position"
+               OpDecorateString %out_var_SV_Target UserSemantic "SV_Target"
+               OpDecorate %out_var_SV_Target Location 0
+               OpDecorate %g_testTextures DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %g_testTextures Binding 0
+               OpDecorateString %g_testTextures UserTypeGOOGLE "texture2d"
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+     %uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
+        %int = OpTypeInt 32 1
+      %int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
+     %uint_2 = OpConstant %uint 2
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+%type_2d_image = OpTypeImage %float 2D 2 0 0 1 Unknown
+%_arr_type_2d_image_uint_2 = OpTypeArray %type_2d_image %uint_2
+%_ptr_UniformConstant__arr_type_2d_image_uint_2 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %_arr_type_2d_image_uint_2
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
+%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+         %18 = OpTypeFunction %void
+%_ptr_Function_v4float = OpTypePointer Function %v4float
+         %25 = OpTypeFunction %v4float %_ptr_Function_v4float
+    %v2float = OpTypeVector %float 2
+     %v3uint = OpTypeVector %uint 3
+      %v3int = OpTypeVector %int 3
+      %v2int = OpTypeVector %int 2
+%_ptr_UniformConstant_type_2d_image = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %type_2d_image
+%g_testTextures = OpVariable %_ptr_UniformConstant__arr_type_2d_image_uint_2 UniformConstant
+%gl_FragCoord = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
+%out_var_SV_Target = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %18
+         %19 = OpLabel
+%param_var_vPixelPos = OpVariable %_ptr_Function_v4float Function
+         %22 = OpLoad %v4float %gl_FragCoord
+               OpStore %param_var_vPixelPos %22
+         %23 = OpFunctionCall %v4float %src_main %param_var_vPixelPos
+               OpStore %out_var_SV_Target %23
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+   %src_main = OpFunction %v4float None %25
+  %vPixelPos = OpFunctionParameter %_ptr_Function_v4float
+   %bb_entry = OpLabel
+         %28 = OpLoad %v4float %vPixelPos
+         %30 = OpVectorShuffle %v2float %28 %28 0 1
+         %31 = OpCompositeExtract %float %30 0
+         %32 = OpCompositeExtract %float %30 1
+         %33 = OpConvertFToU %uint %31
+         %34 = OpConvertFToU %uint %32
+         %36 = OpCompositeConstruct %v3uint %33 %34 %uint_0
+         %38 = OpBitcast %v3int %36
+         %40 = OpVectorShuffle %v2int %38 %38 0 1
+         %41 = OpCompositeExtract %int %38 2
+         %43 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_UniformConstant_type_2d_image %g_testTextures %int_0
+         %44 = OpLoad %type_2d_image %43
+         %45 = OpImageFetch %v4float %44 %40 Lod %41
+               OpReturnValue %45
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<DescriptorScalarReplacement>(shader, true);
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace opt
 }  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/opt/dominator_tree/generated.cpp b/test/opt/dominator_tree/generated.cpp
index 534f770..4fccef0 100644
--- a/test/opt/dominator_tree/generated.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/dominator_tree/generated.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
   }
 }
 
-// Check that x does not dominates y and vise versa
+// Check that x does not dominates y and vice versa
 void check_no_dominance(const DominatorAnalysisBase& dom_tree,
                         const Function* fn, uint32_t x, uint32_t y) {
   SCOPED_TRACE("Check no domination for Basic Block " + std::to_string(x) +
diff --git a/test/opt/eliminate_dead_const_test.cpp b/test/opt/eliminate_dead_const_test.cpp
index 59f06f9..87aab54 100644
--- a/test/opt/eliminate_dead_const_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/eliminate_dead_const_test.cpp
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@
         },
 
         // Uint vector type spec constants. One vector has all component dead,
-        // another vector has one dead unsigend integer and one used unsigned
+        // another vector has one dead unsigned integer and one used unsigned
         // integer.
         {
             /* .used_consts = */
diff --git a/test/opt/eliminate_dead_input_components_test.cpp b/test/opt/eliminate_dead_input_components_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0098f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/opt/eliminate_dead_input_components_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 The Khronos Group Inc.
+// Copyright (c) 2022 LunarG Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "test/opt/pass_fixture.h"
+#include "test/opt/pass_utils.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace opt {
+namespace {
+
+using ElimDeadInputComponentsTest = PassTest<::testing::Test>;
+
+TEST_F(ElimDeadInputComponentsTest, ElimOneConstantIndex) {
+  // Should reduce to uv[2]
+  //
+  // #version 450
+  //
+  // layout(location = 0) in vec4 uv[8];
+  //
+  // out gl_PerVertex {
+  //     vec4 gl_Position;
+  // };
+  //
+  // void main()
+  // {
+  //     gl_Position = uv[1];
+  // }
+  const std::string text = R"(
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %main "main" %_ %uv
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpName %main "main"
+               OpName %gl_PerVertex "gl_PerVertex"
+               OpMemberName %gl_PerVertex 0 "gl_Position"
+               OpName %_ ""
+               OpName %uv "uv"
+               OpMemberDecorate %gl_PerVertex 0 BuiltIn Position
+               OpDecorate %gl_PerVertex Block
+               OpDecorate %uv Location 0
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%gl_PerVertex = OpTypeStruct %v4float
+%_ptr_Output_gl_PerVertex = OpTypePointer Output %gl_PerVertex
+          %_ = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_gl_PerVertex Output
+        %int = OpTypeInt 32 1
+      %int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+     %uint_8 = OpConstant %uint 8
+%_arr_v4float_uint_8 = OpTypeArray %v4float %uint_8
+%_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 = OpTypePointer Input %_arr_v4float_uint_8
+           %uv = OpVariable %_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 Input
+      %int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
+%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+;CHECK-NOT: %uv = OpVariable %_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 Input
+;CHECK:     %uv = OpVariable %_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_2 Input
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %20 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_v4float %uv %int_1
+         %21 = OpLoad %v4float %20
+         %23 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Output_v4float %_ %int_0
+               OpStore %23 %21
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  SetTargetEnv(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3);
+  SetAssembleOptions(SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<EliminateDeadInputComponentsPass>(text, true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElimDeadInputComponentsTest, ElimOneConstantIndexInBounds) {
+  // Same as ElimOneConstantIndex but with OpInBoundsAccessChain
+  const std::string text = R"(
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %main "main" %_ %uv
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpName %main "main"
+               OpName %gl_PerVertex "gl_PerVertex"
+               OpMemberName %gl_PerVertex 0 "gl_Position"
+               OpName %_ ""
+               OpName %uv "uv"
+               OpMemberDecorate %gl_PerVertex 0 BuiltIn Position
+               OpDecorate %gl_PerVertex Block
+               OpDecorate %uv Location 0
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%gl_PerVertex = OpTypeStruct %v4float
+%_ptr_Output_gl_PerVertex = OpTypePointer Output %gl_PerVertex
+          %_ = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_gl_PerVertex Output
+        %int = OpTypeInt 32 1
+      %int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+     %uint_8 = OpConstant %uint 8
+%_arr_v4float_uint_8 = OpTypeArray %v4float %uint_8
+%_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 = OpTypePointer Input %_arr_v4float_uint_8
+           %uv = OpVariable %_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 Input
+      %int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
+%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+;CHECK-NOT: %uv = OpVariable %_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 Input
+;CHECK:     %uv = OpVariable %_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_2 Input
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %20 = OpInBoundsAccessChain %_ptr_Input_v4float %uv %int_1
+         %21 = OpLoad %v4float %20
+         %23 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Output_v4float %_ %int_0
+               OpStore %23 %21
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  SetTargetEnv(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3);
+  SetAssembleOptions(SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<EliminateDeadInputComponentsPass>(text, true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElimDeadInputComponentsTest, ElimTwoConstantIndices) {
+  // Should reduce to uv[4]
+  //
+  // #version 450
+  //
+  // layout(location = 0) in vec4 uv[8];
+  //
+  // out gl_PerVertex {
+  //     vec4 gl_Position;
+  // };
+  //
+  // void main()
+  // {
+  //     gl_Position = uv[1] + uv[3];
+  // }
+  const std::string text = R"(
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %main "main" %_ %uv
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpName %main "main"
+               OpName %gl_PerVertex "gl_PerVertex"
+               OpMemberName %gl_PerVertex 0 "gl_Position"
+               OpName %_ ""
+               OpName %uv "uv"
+               OpMemberDecorate %gl_PerVertex 0 BuiltIn Position
+               OpDecorate %gl_PerVertex Block
+               OpDecorate %uv Location 0
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%gl_PerVertex = OpTypeStruct %v4float
+%_ptr_Output_gl_PerVertex = OpTypePointer Output %gl_PerVertex
+          %_ = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_gl_PerVertex Output
+        %int = OpTypeInt 32 1
+      %int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+     %uint_8 = OpConstant %uint 8
+%_arr_v4float_uint_8 = OpTypeArray %v4float %uint_8
+%_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 = OpTypePointer Input %_arr_v4float_uint_8
+         %uv = OpVariable %_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 Input
+      %int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
+      %int_3 = OpConstant %int 3
+%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+;CHECK-NOT: %uv = OpVariable %_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 Input
+;CHECK:     %uv = OpVariable %_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_4 Input
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %20 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_v4float %uv %int_1
+         %21 = OpLoad %v4float %20
+         %23 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_v4float %uv %int_3
+         %24 = OpLoad %v4float %23
+         %25 = OpFAdd %v4float %21 %24
+         %27 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Output_v4float %_ %int_0
+               OpStore %27 %25
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  SetTargetEnv(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3);
+  SetAssembleOptions(SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<EliminateDeadInputComponentsPass>(text, true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElimDeadInputComponentsTest, NoElimMaxConstantIndex) {
+  // Should not reduce uv[8] because of max index of 7
+  //
+  // #version 450
+  //
+  // layout(location = 0) in vec4 uv[8];
+  //
+  // out gl_PerVertex {
+  //     vec4 gl_Position;
+  // };
+  //
+  // void main()
+  // {
+  //     gl_Position = uv[1] + uv[7];
+  // }
+  const std::string text = R"(
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %main "main" %_ %uv
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpName %main "main"
+               OpName %gl_PerVertex "gl_PerVertex"
+               OpMemberName %gl_PerVertex 0 "gl_Position"
+               OpName %_ ""
+               OpName %uv "uv"
+               OpMemberDecorate %gl_PerVertex 0 BuiltIn Position
+               OpDecorate %gl_PerVertex Block
+               OpDecorate %uv Location 0
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%gl_PerVertex = OpTypeStruct %v4float
+%_ptr_Output_gl_PerVertex = OpTypePointer Output %gl_PerVertex
+          %_ = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_gl_PerVertex Output
+        %int = OpTypeInt 32 1
+      %int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+     %uint_8 = OpConstant %uint 8
+%_arr_v4float_uint_8 = OpTypeArray %v4float %uint_8
+%_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 = OpTypePointer Input %_arr_v4float_uint_8
+         %uv = OpVariable %_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 Input
+      %int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
+      %int_7 = OpConstant %int 7
+%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+;CHECK:     %uv = OpVariable %_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 Input
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %20 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_v4float %uv %int_1
+         %21 = OpLoad %v4float %20
+         %23 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_v4float %uv %int_7
+         %24 = OpLoad %v4float %23
+         %25 = OpFAdd %v4float %21 %24
+         %27 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Output_v4float %_ %int_0
+               OpStore %27 %25
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  SetTargetEnv(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3);
+  SetAssembleOptions(SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<EliminateDeadInputComponentsPass>(text, true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElimDeadInputComponentsTest, NoElimNonConstantIndex) {
+  // Should not reduce uv[8] because of non-constant index of ui
+  //
+  // #version 450
+  //
+  // layout(location = 0) in vec4 uv[8];
+  //
+  // out gl_PerVertex {
+  //     vec4 gl_Position;
+  // };
+  //
+  // uniform ubname {
+  //     int ui;
+  // } ubinst;
+  //
+  // void main()
+  // {
+  //     gl_Position = uv[1] + uv[ubinst.ui];
+  // }
+  const std::string text = R"(
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %main "main" %_ %uv %ubinst
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpName %main "main"
+               OpName %gl_PerVertex "gl_PerVertex"
+               OpMemberName %gl_PerVertex 0 "gl_Position"
+               OpName %_ ""
+               OpName %uv "uv"
+               OpName %ubname "ubname"
+               OpMemberName %ubname 0 "ui"
+               OpName %ubinst "ubinst"
+               OpMemberDecorate %gl_PerVertex 0 BuiltIn Position
+               OpDecorate %gl_PerVertex Block
+               OpDecorate %uv Location 0
+               OpMemberDecorate %ubname 0 Offset 0
+               OpDecorate %ubname Block
+               OpDecorate %ubinst DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %ubinst Binding 0
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%gl_PerVertex = OpTypeStruct %v4float
+%_ptr_Output_gl_PerVertex = OpTypePointer Output %gl_PerVertex
+          %_ = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_gl_PerVertex Output
+        %int = OpTypeInt 32 1
+      %int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+     %uint_8 = OpConstant %uint 8
+%_arr_v4float_uint_8 = OpTypeArray %v4float %uint_8
+%_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 = OpTypePointer Input %_arr_v4float_uint_8
+         %uv = OpVariable %_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 Input
+      %int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
+     %ubname = OpTypeStruct %int
+%_ptr_Uniform_ubname = OpTypePointer Uniform %ubname
+     %ubinst = OpVariable %_ptr_Uniform_ubname Uniform
+%_ptr_Uniform_int = OpTypePointer Uniform %int
+%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+;CHECK:  %uv = OpVariable %_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 Input
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %20 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_v4float %uv %int_1
+         %21 = OpLoad %v4float %20
+         %26 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_int %ubinst %int_0
+         %27 = OpLoad %int %26
+         %28 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_v4float %uv %27
+         %29 = OpLoad %v4float %28
+         %30 = OpFAdd %v4float %21 %29
+         %32 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Output_v4float %_ %int_0
+               OpStore %32 %30
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  SetTargetEnv(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3);
+  SetAssembleOptions(SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<EliminateDeadInputComponentsPass>(text, true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElimDeadInputComponentsTest, NoElimNonIndexedAccessChain) {
+  // Should not change due to non-indexed access chain
+  const std::string text = R"(
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Vertex %main "main" %_ %uv
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpName %main "main"
+               OpName %gl_PerVertex "gl_PerVertex"
+               OpMemberName %gl_PerVertex 0 "gl_Position"
+               OpName %_ ""
+               OpName %uv "uv"
+               OpMemberDecorate %gl_PerVertex 0 BuiltIn Position
+               OpDecorate %gl_PerVertex Block
+               OpDecorate %uv Location 0
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%gl_PerVertex = OpTypeStruct %v4float
+%_ptr_Output_gl_PerVertex = OpTypePointer Output %gl_PerVertex
+          %_ = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_gl_PerVertex Output
+        %int = OpTypeInt 32 1
+      %int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+     %uint_8 = OpConstant %uint 8
+%_arr_v4float_uint_8 = OpTypeArray %v4float %uint_8
+%_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 = OpTypePointer Input %_arr_v4float_uint_8
+           %uv = OpVariable %_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 Input
+      %int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
+%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+;CHECK:  %uv = OpVariable %_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 Input
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %3
+          %5 = OpLabel
+         %20 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input__arr_v4float_uint_8 %uv
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  SetTargetEnv(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3);
+  SetAssembleOptions(SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<EliminateDeadInputComponentsPass>(text, true);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace opt
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/opt/flatten_decoration_test.cpp b/test/opt/flatten_decoration_test.cpp
index d8d8867..63207fd 100644
--- a/test/opt/flatten_decoration_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/flatten_decoration_test.cpp
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 )";
 }
 
-// Retuns types
+// Returns types
 std::string TypesAndFunctionsAssembly() {
   return
       R"(%void = OpTypeVoid
diff --git a/test/opt/fold_test.cpp b/test/opt/fold_test.cpp
index 0487e78..7565ca7 100644
--- a/test/opt/fold_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/fold_test.cpp
@@ -224,6 +224,7 @@
 %104 = OpConstant %float 0 ; Need a def with an numerical id to define id maps.
 %float_null = OpConstantNull %float
 %float_0 = OpConstant %float 0
+%float_n0 = OpConstant %float -0.0
 %float_1 = OpConstant %float 1
 %float_2 = OpConstant %float 2
 %float_3 = OpConstant %float 3
@@ -249,6 +250,7 @@
 %105 = OpConstant %double 0 ; Need a def with an numerical id to define id maps.
 %double_null = OpConstantNull %double
 %double_0 = OpConstant %double 0
+%double_n0 = OpConstant %double -0.0
 %double_1 = OpConstant %double 1
 %double_2 = OpConstant %double 2
 %double_3 = OpConstant %double 3
@@ -1987,7 +1989,39 @@
             "%2 = OpExtInst %float %1 Pow %float_2 %float_3\n" +
             "OpReturn\n" +
             "OpFunctionEnd",
-        2, 8.0)
+        2, 8.0),
+    // Test case 43: Fold 1.0 / -0.0.
+    InstructionFoldingCase<float>(
+        Header() + "%main = OpFunction %void None %void_func\n" +
+            "%main_lab = OpLabel\n" +
+            "%2 = OpFDiv %float %float_1 %float_n0\n" +
+            "OpReturn\n" +
+            "OpFunctionEnd",
+        2, -std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()),
+    // Test case 44: Fold -1.0 / -0.0
+    InstructionFoldingCase<float>(
+        Header() + "%main = OpFunction %void None %void_func\n" +
+            "%main_lab = OpLabel\n" +
+            "%2 = OpFDiv %float %float_n1 %float_n0\n" +
+            "OpReturn\n" +
+            "OpFunctionEnd",
+        2, std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity()),
+    // Test case 45: Fold 0.0 / 0.0
+    InstructionFoldingCase<float>(
+        Header() + "%main = OpFunction %void None %void_func\n" +
+            "%main_lab = OpLabel\n" +
+            "%2 = OpFDiv %float %float_0 %float_0\n" +
+            "OpReturn\n" +
+            "OpFunctionEnd",
+        2, std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN()),
+    // Test case 46: Fold 0.0 / -0.0
+    InstructionFoldingCase<float>(
+        Header() + "%main = OpFunction %void None %void_func\n" +
+            "%main_lab = OpLabel\n" +
+            "%2 = OpFDiv %float %float_0 %float_n0\n" +
+            "OpReturn\n" +
+            "OpFunctionEnd",
+        2, std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN())
 ));
 // clang-format on
 
@@ -2019,7 +2053,11 @@
         const_mrg->GetConstantFromInst(inst)->AsFloatConstant();
     EXPECT_NE(result, nullptr);
     if (result != nullptr) {
-      EXPECT_EQ(result->GetDoubleValue(), tc.expected_result);
+      if (!std::isnan(tc.expected_result)) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(result->GetDoubleValue(), tc.expected_result);
+      } else {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(std::isnan(result->GetDoubleValue()));
+      }
     }
   }
 }
@@ -2222,7 +2260,39 @@
                 "%2 = OpExtInst %double %1 Pow %double_2 %double_3\n" +
                 "OpReturn\n" +
                 "OpFunctionEnd",
-            2, 8.0)
+            2, 8.0),
+        // Test case 23: Fold 1.0 / -0.0.
+        InstructionFoldingCase<double>(
+            Header() + "%main = OpFunction %void None %void_func\n" +
+                "%main_lab = OpLabel\n" +
+                "%2 = OpFDiv %double %double_1 %double_n0\n" +
+                "OpReturn\n" +
+                "OpFunctionEnd",
+            2, -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()),
+        // Test case 24: Fold -1.0 / -0.0
+        InstructionFoldingCase<double>(
+            Header() + "%main = OpFunction %void None %void_func\n" +
+                "%main_lab = OpLabel\n" +
+                "%2 = OpFDiv %double %double_n1 %double_n0\n" +
+                "OpReturn\n" +
+                "OpFunctionEnd",
+            2, std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()),
+        // Test case 25: Fold 0.0 / 0.0
+        InstructionFoldingCase<double>(
+            Header() + "%main = OpFunction %void None %void_func\n" +
+                "%main_lab = OpLabel\n" +
+                "%2 = OpFDiv %double %double_0 %double_0\n" +
+                "OpReturn\n" +
+                "OpFunctionEnd",
+            2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN()),
+        // Test case 26: Fold 0.0 / -0.0
+        InstructionFoldingCase<double>(
+            Header() + "%main = OpFunction %void None %void_func\n" +
+                "%main_lab = OpLabel\n" +
+                "%2 = OpFDiv %double %double_0 %double_n0\n" +
+                "OpReturn\n" +
+                "OpFunctionEnd",
+            2, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())
 ));
 // clang-format on
 
@@ -7017,12 +7087,33 @@
         3, true)
 ));
 
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(VectorShuffleMatchingTest, MatchingInstructionFoldingTest,
+::testing::Values(
+    // Test case 0: Using OpDot to extract last element.
+    InstructionFoldingCase<bool>(
+        Header() +
+            "; CHECK: [[int:%\\w+]] = OpTypeInt 32 1\n" +
+            "; CHECK: [[v2int:%\\w+]] = OpTypeVector [[int]] 2{{[[:space:]]}}\n" +
+            "; CHECK: [[null:%\\w+]] = OpConstantNull [[v2int]]\n" +
+            "; CHECK: OpVectorShuffle\n" +
+            "; CHECK: %3 = OpVectorShuffle [[v2int]] [[null]] {{%\\w+}} 4294967295 2\n" +
+            "%main = OpFunction %void None %void_func\n" +
+            "%main_lab = OpLabel\n" +
+            "%n = OpVariable %_ptr_int Function\n" +
+            "%load = OpLoad %int %n\n" +
+            "%2 = OpVectorShuffle %v2int %v2int_null %v2int_2_3 3 0xFFFFFFFF \n" +
+            "%3 = OpVectorShuffle %v2int %2 %v2int_2_3 1 2 \n" +
+            "OpReturn\n" +
+            "OpFunctionEnd",
+        3, true)
+ ));
+
 using MatchingInstructionWithNoResultFoldingTest =
 ::testing::TestWithParam<InstructionFoldingCase<bool>>;
 
 // Test folding instructions that do not have a result.  The instruction
 // that will be folded is the last instruction before the return.  If there
-// are multiple returns, there is not guarentee which one is used.
+// are multiple returns, there is not guarantee which one is used.
 TEST_P(MatchingInstructionWithNoResultFoldingTest, Case) {
   const auto& tc = GetParam();
 
diff --git a/test/opt/freeze_spec_const_test.cpp b/test/opt/freeze_spec_const_test.cpp
index e5999ce..ad0fc32 100644
--- a/test/opt/freeze_spec_const_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/freeze_spec_const_test.cpp
@@ -128,6 +128,51 @@
                                                      /* skip_nop = */ true);
 }
 
+TEST_F(FreezeSpecConstantValueRemoveDecorationTest,
+       RemoveDecorationForLocalSizeIdWithSpecId) {
+  std::vector<const char*> text = {
+      // clang-format off
+               "OpCapability Shader",
+          "%1 = OpExtInstImport \"GLSL.std.450\"",
+               "OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450",
+               "OpEntryPoint GLCompute %2 \"main\"",
+               "OpExecutionModeId %2 LocalSizeId %uint_32 %uint_1 %uint_1_0",
+               "OpSource GLSL 450",
+               "OpDecorate %3 SpecId 18",
+               "OpDecorate %5 SpecId 19",
+       "%void = OpTypeVoid",
+          "%9 = OpTypeFunction %void",
+       "%uint = OpTypeInt 32 0",
+    "%uint_32 = OpSpecConstant %uint 32",
+     "%uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1",
+   "%uint_1_0 = OpSpecConstant %uint 1",
+          "%2 = OpFunction %void None %9",
+         "%11 = OpLabel",
+               "OpReturn",
+               "OpFunctionEnd",
+      // clang-format on
+  };
+  std::string expected_disassembly = SelectiveJoin(text, [](const char* line) {
+    return std::string(line).find("SpecId") != std::string::npos;
+  });
+  std::vector<std::pair<const char*, const char*>> replacement_pairs = {
+      {"%uint_32 = OpSpecConstant %uint 32", "%uint_32 = OpConstant %uint 32"},
+      {"%uint_1_0 = OpSpecConstant %uint 1", "%uint_1_0 = OpConstant %uint 1"},
+  };
+  for (auto& p : replacement_pairs) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(FindAndReplace(&expected_disassembly, p.first, p.second))
+        << "text:\n"
+        << expected_disassembly << "\n"
+        << "find_str:\n"
+        << p.first << "\n"
+        << "replace_str:\n"
+        << p.second << "\n";
+  }
+  SinglePassRunAndCheck<FreezeSpecConstantValuePass>(JoinAllInsts(text),
+                                                     expected_disassembly,
+                                                     /* skip_nop = */ true);
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace opt
 }  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/opt/graphics_robust_access_test.cpp b/test/opt/graphics_robust_access_test.cpp
index 3c23347..057b909 100644
--- a/test/opt/graphics_robust_access_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/graphics_robust_access_test.cpp
@@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@
        ; CHECK-DAG: %int_9 = OpConstant %int 9
        ; CHECK-DAG: %[[intmax:\w+]] = OpConstant %int 2147483647
        ; CHECK: OpLabel
-       ; This access chain is manufatured only so we can compute the array length.
+       ; This access chain is manufactured only so we can compute the array length.
        ; Note that the %int_9 is already clamped
        ; CHECK: %[[ssbo_base:\w+]] = )" << ac
             << R"( %[[ssbo_p]] %var %int_9
diff --git a/test/opt/inline_test.cpp b/test/opt/inline_test.cpp
index d22f027..cefd8e5 100644
--- a/test/opt/inline_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/inline_test.cpp
@@ -4238,7 +4238,7 @@
   // This shader causes CreateDebugInlinedAt to generate a constant.
   // Using the Constant manager would attempt to build the invalidated
   // DefUse manager during inlining which could cause an assert because
-  // the function is in an inconsistant state. This test verifies that
+  // the function is in an inconsistent state. This test verifies that
   // CreateDebugInlinedAt detects that the DefUse manager is disabled
   // and creates a duplicate constant safely without the Constant manager.
   //
diff --git a/test/opt/inst_bindless_check_test.cpp b/test/opt/inst_bindless_check_test.cpp
index 1a42329..4c271de 100644
--- a/test/opt/inst_bindless_check_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/inst_bindless_check_test.cpp
@@ -9984,8 +9984,8 @@
 //
 //   Compute shader
 //   Geometry shader
-//   Tesselation control shader
-//   Tesselation eval shader
+//   Tessellation control shader
+//   Tessellation eval shader
 //   OpImage
 //   SampledImage variable
 
diff --git a/test/opt/inst_debug_printf_test.cpp b/test/opt/inst_debug_printf_test.cpp
index 8123ffb..c5fd679 100644
--- a/test/opt/inst_debug_printf_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/inst_debug_printf_test.cpp
@@ -206,8 +206,8 @@
 //
 //   Compute shader
 //   Geometry shader
-//   Tesselation control shader
-//   Tesselation eval shader
+//   Tessellation control shader
+//   Tessellation eval shader
 //   Vertex shader
 
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/test/opt/instruction_test.cpp b/test/opt/instruction_test.cpp
index c5b92ef..2a48134 100644
--- a/test/opt/instruction_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/instruction_test.cpp
@@ -62,12 +62,6 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(inst.end(), inst.begin());
 }
 
-TEST(InstructionTest, OperandAsCString) {
-  Operand::OperandData abcde{0x64636261, 0x65};
-  Operand operand(SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_STRING, std::move(abcde));
-  EXPECT_STREQ("abcde", operand.AsCString());
-}
-
 TEST(InstructionTest, OperandAsString) {
   Operand::OperandData abcde{0x64636261, 0x65};
   Operand operand(SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_LITERAL_STRING, std::move(abcde));
diff --git a/test/opt/ir_context_test.cpp b/test/opt/ir_context_test.cpp
index b6866d0..ece0479 100644
--- a/test/opt/ir_context_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/ir_context_test.cpp
@@ -90,6 +90,21 @@
   }
 }
 
+TEST_F(IRContextTest, DontRebuildValidAnalysis) {
+  std::unique_ptr<Module> module(new Module());
+  IRContext localContext(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, std::move(module),
+                         spvtools::MessageConsumer());
+
+  auto* oldCfg = localContext.cfg();
+  auto* oldDefUse = localContext.get_def_use_mgr();
+  localContext.BuildInvalidAnalyses(IRContext::kAnalysisCFG |
+                                    IRContext::kAnalysisDefUse);
+  auto* newCfg = localContext.cfg();
+  auto* newDefUse = localContext.get_def_use_mgr();
+  EXPECT_EQ(oldCfg, newCfg);
+  EXPECT_EQ(oldDefUse, newDefUse);
+}
+
 TEST_F(IRContextTest, AllValidAfterBuild) {
   std::unique_ptr<Module> module = MakeUnique<Module>();
   IRContext localContext(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, std::move(module),
diff --git a/test/opt/loop_optimizations/loop_descriptions.cpp b/test/opt/loop_optimizations/loop_descriptions.cpp
index 4d2f989..b3f4f44 100644
--- a/test/opt/loop_optimizations/loop_descriptions.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/loop_optimizations/loop_descriptions.cpp
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@
 
 /*
 Generated from following GLSL with latch block artificially inserted to be
-seperate from continue.
+separate from continue.
 #version 430
 void main(void) {
     float x[10];
diff --git a/test/opt/loop_optimizations/loop_fission.cpp b/test/opt/loop_optimizations/loop_fission.cpp
index 55b9c26..bc3ec39 100644
--- a/test/opt/loop_optimizations/loop_fission.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/loop_optimizations/loop_fission.cpp
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@
 SinglePassRunAndCheck<LoopFissionPass>(source, expected, true);
 
 // By passing 1 as argument we are using the constructor which makes the
-// critera to split the loop be if the registers in the loop exceede 1. By
+// criteria to split the loop be if the registers in the loop exceede 1. By
 // using this constructor we are also enabling multiple passes (disabled by
 // default).
 SinglePassRunAndCheck<LoopFissionPass>(source, expected_multiple_passes, true,
diff --git a/test/opt/loop_optimizations/unroll_simple.cpp b/test/opt/loop_optimizations/unroll_simple.cpp
index ac0dfde..b72305c 100644
--- a/test/opt/loop_optimizations/unroll_simple.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/loop_optimizations/unroll_simple.cpp
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@
   LoopUnroller loop_unroller;
   SetDisassembleOptions(SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_NO_HEADER);
   // By unrolling by a factor that doesn't divide evenly into the number of loop
-  // iterations we perfom an additional transform when partially unrolling to
+  // iterations we perform an additional transform when partially unrolling to
   // account for the remainder.
   SinglePassRunAndCheck<PartialUnrollerTestPass<3>>(text, output, false);
 }
@@ -3118,7 +3118,7 @@
 
 /*
 Generated from following GLSL with latch block artificially inserted to be
-seperate from continue.
+separate from continue.
 #version 430
 void main(void) {
     float x[10];
diff --git a/test/opt/module_test.cpp b/test/opt/module_test.cpp
index a3c2eed..17a1365 100644
--- a/test/opt/module_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/module_test.cpp
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(ModuleTest, ComputeIdBound) {
-  // Emtpy module case.
+  // Empty module case.
   EXPECT_EQ(1u, BuildModule("")->module()->ComputeIdBound());
   // Sensitive to result id
   EXPECT_EQ(2u, BuildModule("%void = OpTypeVoid")->module()->ComputeIdBound());
diff --git a/test/opt/optimizer_test.cpp b/test/opt/optimizer_test.cpp
index a51638a..0171c09 100644
--- a/test/opt/optimizer_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/optimizer_test.cpp
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
 
   std::vector<std::string> pass_flags = {
       "--strip-debug",
-      "--strip-reflect",
+      "--strip-nonsemantic",
       "--set-spec-const-default-value=23:42 21:12",
       "--if-conversion",
       "--freeze-spec-const",
diff --git a/test/opt/pass_manager_test.cpp b/test/opt/pass_manager_test.cpp
index 22d5e22..4f36d5b 100644
--- a/test/opt/pass_manager_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/pass_manager_test.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 using spvtest::GetIdBound;
 using ::testing::Eq;
 
-// A null pass whose construtors accept arguments
+// A null pass whose constructors accept arguments
 class NullPassWithArgs : public NullPass {
  public:
   NullPassWithArgs(uint32_t) {}
diff --git a/test/opt/remove_dontinline_test.cpp b/test/opt/remove_dontinline_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5425e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/opt/remove_dontinline_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2017 Google Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "test/opt/pass_fixture.h"
+#include "test/opt/pass_utils.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace opt {
+namespace {
+
+using StrengthReductionBasicTest = PassTest<::testing::Test>;
+
+TEST_F(StrengthReductionBasicTest, ClearDontInline) {
+  const std::vector<const char*> text = {
+      // clang-format off
+               "OpCapability Shader",
+          "%1 = OpExtInstImport \"GLSL.std.450\"",
+               "OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450",
+               "OpEntryPoint Vertex %main \"main\"",
+       "%void = OpTypeVoid",
+          "%4 = OpTypeFunction %void",
+"; CHECK: OpFunction %void None",
+       "%main = OpFunction %void DontInline %4",
+          "%8 = OpLabel",
+               "OpReturn",
+               "OpFunctionEnd"
+      // clang-format on
+  };
+
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<RemoveDontInline>(JoinAllInsts(text), true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(StrengthReductionBasicTest, LeaveUnchanged1) {
+  const std::vector<const char*> text = {
+      // clang-format off
+      "OpCapability Shader",
+      "%1 = OpExtInstImport \"GLSL.std.450\"",
+      "OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450",
+      "OpEntryPoint Vertex %main \"main\"",
+      "%void = OpTypeVoid",
+      "%4 = OpTypeFunction %void",
+      "%main = OpFunction %void None %4",
+      "%8 = OpLabel",
+      "OpReturn",
+      "OpFunctionEnd"
+      // clang-format on
+  };
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(Pass::Status::SuccessWithoutChange,
+            std::get<1>(SinglePassRunAndDisassemble<RemoveDontInline>(
+                JoinAllInsts(text), false, true)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(StrengthReductionBasicTest, LeaveUnchanged2) {
+  const std::vector<const char*> text = {
+      // clang-format off
+      "OpCapability Shader",
+      "%1 = OpExtInstImport \"GLSL.std.450\"",
+      "OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450",
+      "OpEntryPoint Vertex %main \"main\"",
+      "%void = OpTypeVoid",
+      "%4 = OpTypeFunction %void",
+      "%main = OpFunction %void Inline %4",
+      "%8 = OpLabel",
+      "OpReturn",
+      "OpFunctionEnd"
+      // clang-format on
+  };
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(Pass::Status::SuccessWithoutChange,
+            std::get<1>(SinglePassRunAndDisassemble<RemoveDontInline>(
+                JoinAllInsts(text), false, true)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(StrengthReductionBasicTest, ClearMultipleDontInline) {
+  const std::vector<const char*> text = {
+      // clang-format off
+      "OpCapability Shader",
+      "%1 = OpExtInstImport \"GLSL.std.450\"",
+      "OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450",
+      "OpEntryPoint Vertex %main1 \"main1\"",
+      "OpEntryPoint Vertex %main2 \"main2\"",
+      "OpEntryPoint Vertex %main3 \"main3\"",
+      "OpEntryPoint Vertex %main4 \"main4\"",
+      "%void = OpTypeVoid",
+      "%4 = OpTypeFunction %void",
+      "; CHECK: OpFunction %void None",
+      "%main1 = OpFunction %void DontInline %4",
+      "%8 = OpLabel",
+      "OpReturn",
+      "OpFunctionEnd",
+      "; CHECK: OpFunction %void Inline",
+      "%main2 = OpFunction %void Inline %4",
+      "%9 = OpLabel",
+      "OpReturn",
+      "OpFunctionEnd",
+      "; CHECK: OpFunction %void Pure",
+      "%main3 = OpFunction %void DontInline|Pure %4",
+      "%10 = OpLabel",
+      "OpReturn",
+      "OpFunctionEnd",
+      "; CHECK: OpFunction %void None",
+      "%main4 = OpFunction %void None %4",
+      "%11 = OpLabel",
+      "OpReturn",
+      "OpFunctionEnd"
+      // clang-format on
+  };
+
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<RemoveDontInline>(JoinAllInsts(text), true);
+}
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace opt
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/opt/replace_desc_array_access_using_var_index_test.cpp b/test/opt/replace_desc_array_access_using_var_index_test.cpp
index ca62581..9900304 100644
--- a/test/opt/replace_desc_array_access_using_var_index_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/replace_desc_array_access_using_var_index_test.cpp
@@ -406,6 +406,94 @@
   SinglePassRunAndMatch<ReplaceDescArrayAccessUsingVarIndex>(text, true);
 }
 
+TEST_F(ReplaceDescArrayAccessUsingVarIndexTest,
+       ReplaceAccessChainToTextureArrayWithNonUniformIndex) {
+  const std::string text = R"(
+               OpCapability Shader
+               OpCapability ShaderNonUniform
+               OpCapability SampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing
+               OpExtension "SPV_EXT_descriptor_indexing"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %PSMain "PSMain" %in_var_TEXCOORD0 %in_var_MATERIAL_ID %out_var_SV_TARGET
+               OpExecutionMode %PSMain OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource HLSL 610
+               OpName %type_sampler "type.sampler"
+               OpName %sampler_ "sampler_"
+               OpName %type_2d_image "type.2d.image"
+               OpName %texture_2d "texture_2d"
+               OpName %in_var_TEXCOORD0 "in.var.TEXCOORD0"
+               OpName %in_var_MATERIAL_ID "in.var.MATERIAL_ID"
+               OpName %out_var_SV_TARGET "out.var.SV_TARGET"
+               OpName %PSMain "PSMain"
+               OpName %type_sampled_image "type.sampled.image"
+               OpDecorate %in_var_MATERIAL_ID Flat
+               OpDecorate %in_var_TEXCOORD0 Location 0
+               OpDecorate %in_var_MATERIAL_ID Location 1
+               OpDecorate %out_var_SV_TARGET Location 0
+               OpDecorate %sampler_ DescriptorSet 1
+               OpDecorate %sampler_ Binding 1
+               OpDecorate %texture_2d DescriptorSet 0
+               OpDecorate %texture_2d Binding 0
+
+; CHECK: OpDecorate [[v0:%\w+]] NonUniform
+; CHECK: OpDecorate [[v1:%\w+]] NonUniform
+; CHECK: OpDecorate [[v2:%\w+]] NonUniform
+; CHECK: OpDecorate [[v3:%\w+]] NonUniform
+
+               OpDecorate %10 NonUniform
+               OpDecorate %11 NonUniform
+               OpDecorate %12 NonUniform
+               OpDecorate %13 NonUniform
+%type_sampler = OpTypeSampler
+%_ptr_UniformConstant_type_sampler = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %type_sampler
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+     %uint_4 = OpConstant %uint 4
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+%type_2d_image = OpTypeImage %float 2D 2 0 0 1 Unknown
+%_arr_type_2d_image_uint_4 = OpTypeArray %type_2d_image %uint_4
+%_ptr_UniformConstant__arr_type_2d_image_uint_4 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %_arr_type_2d_image_uint_4
+    %v2float = OpTypeVector %float 2
+%_ptr_Input_v2float = OpTypePointer Input %v2float
+%_ptr_Input_uint = OpTypePointer Input %uint
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+         %26 = OpTypeFunction %void
+%_ptr_UniformConstant_type_2d_image = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %type_2d_image
+%type_sampled_image = OpTypeSampledImage %type_2d_image
+   %sampler_ = OpVariable %_ptr_UniformConstant_type_sampler UniformConstant
+ %texture_2d = OpVariable %_ptr_UniformConstant__arr_type_2d_image_uint_4 UniformConstant
+%in_var_TEXCOORD0 = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v2float Input
+%in_var_MATERIAL_ID = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_uint Input
+%out_var_SV_TARGET = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
+
+; CHECK: %uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
+; CHECK: %uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
+; CHECK: %uint_2 = OpConstant %uint 2
+; CHECK: %uint_3 = OpConstant %uint 3
+
+     %PSMain = OpFunction %void None %26
+         %28 = OpLabel
+         %29 = OpLoad %v2float %in_var_TEXCOORD0
+         %30 = OpLoad %uint %in_var_MATERIAL_ID
+; CHECK: [[v0]] = OpCopyObject %uint {{%\w+}}
+         %10 = OpCopyObject %uint %30
+; CHECK: [[v1]] = OpAccessChain %_ptr_UniformConstant_type_2d_image %texture_2d [[v0]]
+         %11 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_UniformConstant_type_2d_image %texture_2d %10
+; CHECK: [[v2]] = OpLoad %type_2d_image [[v1]]
+         %12 = OpLoad %type_2d_image %11
+         %31 = OpLoad %type_sampler %sampler_
+; CHECK: [[v3]] = OpSampledImage %type_sampled_image [[v2]] {{%\w+}}
+         %13 = OpSampledImage %type_sampled_image %12 %31
+         %32 = OpImageSampleImplicitLod %v4float %13 %29 None
+               OpStore %out_var_SV_TARGET %32
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+  )";
+
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<ReplaceDescArrayAccessUsingVarIndex>(text, true);
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace opt
 }  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/opt/scalar_replacement_test.cpp b/test/opt/scalar_replacement_test.cpp
index 8cb888c..7db997d 100644
--- a/test/opt/scalar_replacement_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/scalar_replacement_test.cpp
@@ -470,9 +470,9 @@
 ; CHECK: [[const_array:%\w+]] = OpConstantComposite [[array]]
 ; CHECK: [[const_matrix:%\w+]] = OpConstantNull [[matrix]]
 ; CHECK: [[const_struct1:%\w+]] = OpConstantComposite [[struct1]]
-; CHECK: OpConstantNull [[uint]]
-; CHECK: OpConstantNull [[vector]]
-; CHECK: OpConstantNull [[long]]
+; CHECK: OpUndef [[uint]]
+; CHECK: OpUndef [[vector]]
+; CHECK: OpUndef [[long]]
 ; CHECK: OpFunction
 ; CHECK-NOT: OpVariable [[struct2_ptr]] Function
 ; CHECK: OpVariable [[uint_ptr]] Function
@@ -654,11 +654,10 @@
 ; CHECK: [[uint:%\w+]] = OpTypeInt 32 0
 ; CHECK: [[struct1:%\w+]] = OpTypeStruct [[uint]] [[uint]]
 ; CHECK: [[uint_ptr:%\w+]] = OpTypePointer Function [[uint]]
-; CHECK: [[const:%\w+]] = OpConstant [[uint]] 0
-; CHECK: [[null:%\w+]] = OpConstantNull [[uint]]
+; CHECK: [[undef:%\w+]] = OpUndef [[uint]]
 ; CHECK: [[var0:%\w+]] = OpVariable [[uint_ptr]] Function
 ; CHECK: [[l0:%\w+]] = OpLoad [[uint]] [[var0]] Nontemporal
-; CHECK: OpCompositeConstruct [[struct1]] [[l0]] [[null]]
+; CHECK: OpCompositeConstruct [[struct1]] [[l0]] [[undef]]
 ;
 OpCapability Shader
 OpCapability Linkage
@@ -1267,16 +1266,16 @@
 ; CHECK: [[struct1:%\w+]] = OpTypeStruct [[uint]] [[uint]]
 ; CHECK: [[uint_ptr:%\w+]] = OpTypePointer Function [[uint]]
 ; CHECK: [[const:%\w+]] = OpConstant [[uint]] 0
-; CHECK: [[null:%\w+]] = OpConstantNull [[uint]]
+; CHECK: [[undef:%\w+]] = OpUndef [[uint]]
 ; CHECK: [[var0:%\w+]] = OpVariable [[uint_ptr]] Function
 ; CHECK: [[var1:%\w+]] = OpVariable [[uint_ptr]] Function
 ; CHECK-NOT: OpVariable
 ; CHECK: [[l0:%\w+]] = OpLoad [[uint]] [[var0]]
-; CHECK: [[c0:%\w+]] = OpCompositeConstruct [[struct1]] [[l0]] [[null]]
+; CHECK: [[c0:%\w+]] = OpCompositeConstruct [[struct1]] [[l0]] [[undef]]
 ; CHECK: [[e0:%\w+]] = OpCompositeExtract [[uint]] [[c0]] 0
 ; CHECK: OpStore [[var1]] [[e0]]
 ; CHECK: [[l1:%\w+]] = OpLoad [[uint]] [[var1]]
-; CHECK: [[c1:%\w+]] = OpCompositeConstruct [[struct1]] [[l1]] [[null]]
+; CHECK: [[c1:%\w+]] = OpCompositeConstruct [[struct1]] [[l1]] [[undef]]
 ; CHECK: [[e1:%\w+]] = OpCompositeExtract [[uint]] [[c1]] 0
 ;
 OpCapability Shader
@@ -1314,7 +1313,7 @@
 ; CHECK: [[struct1:%\w+]] = OpTypeStruct [[uint]] [[uint]]
 ; CHECK: [[uint_ptr:%\w+]] = OpTypePointer Function [[uint]]
 ; CHECK: [[const:%\w+]] = OpConstant [[uint]] 0
-; CHECK: [[null:%\w+]] = OpConstantNull [[uint]]
+; CHECK: [[undef:%\w+]] = OpUndef [[uint]]
 ; CHECK: [[var1:%\w+]] = OpVariable [[uint_ptr]] Function
 ; CHECK: [[var0a:%\w+]] = OpVariable [[uint_ptr]] Function
 ; CHECK: [[var0b:%\w+]] = OpVariable [[uint_ptr]] Function
@@ -1325,7 +1324,7 @@
 ; CHECK: [[e0:%\w+]] = OpCompositeExtract [[uint]] [[c0]] 0
 ; CHECK: OpStore [[var1]] [[e0]]
 ; CHECK: [[l1:%\w+]] = OpLoad [[uint]] [[var1]]
-; CHECK: [[c1:%\w+]] = OpCompositeConstruct [[struct1]] [[l1]] [[null]]
+; CHECK: [[c1:%\w+]] = OpCompositeConstruct [[struct1]] [[l1]] [[undef]]
 ; CHECK: [[e1:%\w+]] = OpCompositeExtract [[uint]] [[c1]] 0
 ;
 OpCapability Shader
@@ -1362,14 +1361,14 @@
 ; CHECK: [[struct1:%\w+]] = OpTypeStruct [[uint]] [[struct_member:%\w+]]
 ; CHECK: [[uint_ptr:%\w+]] = OpTypePointer Function [[uint]]
 ; CHECK: [[const:%\w+]] = OpConstant [[uint]] 0
-; CHECK: [[null:%\w+]] = OpConstantNull [[struct_member]]
+; CHECK: [[undef:%\w+]] = OpUndef [[struct_member]]
 ; CHECK: [[var0a:%\w+]] = OpVariable [[uint_ptr]] Function
 ; CHECK: [[var1:%\w+]] = OpVariable [[uint_ptr]] Function
 ; CHECK: [[var0b:%\w+]] = OpVariable [[uint_ptr]] Function
 ; CHECK-NOT: OpVariable
 ; CHECK: OpStore [[var1]]
 ; CHECK: [[l1:%\w+]] = OpLoad [[uint]] [[var1]]
-; CHECK: [[c1:%\w+]] = OpCompositeConstruct [[struct1]] [[l1]] [[null]]
+; CHECK: [[c1:%\w+]] = OpCompositeConstruct [[struct1]] [[l1]] [[undef]]
 ; CHECK: [[e1:%\w+]] = OpCompositeExtract [[uint]] [[c1]] 0
 ;
 OpCapability Shader
@@ -1444,13 +1443,13 @@
 ; CHECK: [[struct1:%\w+]] = OpTypeStruct [[uint]] [[struct_member:%\w+]]
 ; CHECK: [[uint_ptr:%\w+]] = OpTypePointer Function [[uint]]
 ; CHECK: [[const:%\w+]] = OpConstant [[uint]] 0
-; CHECK: [[null:%\w+]] = OpConstantNull [[struct_member]]
+; CHECK: [[undef:%\w+]] = OpUndef [[struct_member]]
 ; CHECK: [[var0a:%\w+]] = OpVariable [[uint_ptr]] Function
 ; CHECK: [[var1:%\w+]] = OpVariable [[uint_ptr]] Function
 ; CHECK: [[var0b:%\w+]] = OpVariable [[uint_ptr]] Function
 ; CHECK: OpStore [[var1]]
 ; CHECK: [[l1:%\w+]] = OpLoad [[uint]] [[var1]]
-; CHECK: [[c1:%\w+]] = OpCompositeConstruct [[struct1]] [[l1]] [[null]]
+; CHECK: [[c1:%\w+]] = OpCompositeConstruct [[struct1]] [[l1]] [[undef]]
 ; CHECK: [[e1:%\w+]] = OpCompositeExtract [[uint]] [[c1]] 0
 ;
 OpCapability Shader
@@ -2263,6 +2262,40 @@
   SinglePassRunAndCheck<ScalarReplacementPass>(text, text, false);
 }
 
+TEST_F(ScalarReplacementTest, UndefImageMember) {
+  // Test that scalar replacement creates an undef for a type that cannot have
+  // and OpConstantNull.
+  const std::string text = R"(
+; CHECK: [[image_type:%\w+]] = OpTypeSampledImage {{%\w+}}
+; CHECK: [[struct_type:%\w+]] = OpTypeStruct [[image_type]]
+; CHECK: [[undef:%\w+]] = OpUndef [[image_type]]
+; CHECK: {{%\w+}} = OpCompositeConstruct [[struct_type]] [[undef]]
+               OpCapability Shader
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %2 "main"
+               OpExecutionMode %2 OriginUpperLeft
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+          %4 = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+          %6 = OpTypeImage %float 2D 0 0 0 1 Unknown
+          %7 = OpTypeSampledImage %6
+  %_struct_8 = OpTypeStruct %7
+          %9 = OpTypeFunction %_struct_8
+         %10 = OpUndef %_struct_8
+%_ptr_Function__struct_8 = OpTypePointer Function %_struct_8
+          %2 = OpFunction %void None %4
+         %11 = OpLabel
+         %16 = OpVariable %_ptr_Function__struct_8 Function
+               OpStore %16 %10
+         %12 = OpLoad %_struct_8 %16
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+  )";
+
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<ScalarReplacementPass>(text, true);
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace opt
 }  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/opt/set_spec_const_default_value_test.cpp b/test/opt/set_spec_const_default_value_test.cpp
index f1dd50e..10f805b 100644
--- a/test/opt/set_spec_const_default_value_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/set_spec_const_default_value_test.cpp
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@
         {"", SpecIdToValueBitPatternMap{}, ""},
         // 1. Empty with non-empty values to set.
         {"", SpecIdToValueBitPatternMap{{1, {100}}, {2, {200}}}, ""},
-        // 2. Baisc bool type.
+        // 2. Basic bool type.
         {
             // code
             "OpDecorate %1 SpecId 100\n"
diff --git a/test/opt/spread_volatile_semantics_test.cpp b/test/opt/spread_volatile_semantics_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdabd92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/opt/spread_volatile_semantics_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1138 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "test/opt/pass_fixture.h"
+#include "test/opt/pass_utils.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace opt {
+namespace {
+
+struct ExecutionModelAndBuiltIn {
+  const char* execution_model;
+  const char* built_in;
+  const bool use_v4uint;
+};
+
+using AddVolatileDecorationTest =
+    PassTest<::testing::TestWithParam<ExecutionModelAndBuiltIn>>;
+
+TEST_P(AddVolatileDecorationTest, InMain) {
+  const auto& tc = GetParam();
+  const std::string execution_model(tc.execution_model);
+  const std::string built_in(tc.built_in);
+  const std::string var_type =
+      tc.use_v4uint ? "%_ptr_Input_v4uint" : "%_ptr_Input_uint";
+  const std::string var_load_type = tc.use_v4uint ? "%v4uint" : "%uint";
+
+  const std::string text =
+      std::string(R"(OpCapability RuntimeDescriptorArray
+OpCapability RayTracingKHR
+OpCapability SubgroupBallotKHR
+OpExtension "SPV_EXT_descriptor_indexing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_shader_ballot"
+%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint )") +
+      execution_model + std::string(R"( %main "main" %var
+OpSource GLSL 460
+OpSourceExtension "GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier"
+OpSourceExtension "GL_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpName %main "main"
+OpName %StorageBuffer "StorageBuffer"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 0 "index"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 1 "red"
+OpName %sbo "sbo"
+OpName %images "images"
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 1 Offset 4
+OpDecorate %StorageBuffer BufferBlock
+OpDecorate %sbo DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %sbo Binding 0
+OpDecorate %images DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %images Binding 1
+OpDecorate %images NonWritable
+)") + std::string(R"(
+; CHECK: OpDecorate [[var:%\w+]] BuiltIn )") +
+      built_in + std::string(R"(
+; CHECK: OpDecorate [[var]] Volatile
+OpDecorate %var BuiltIn )") + built_in + std::string(R"(
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+%uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%float = OpTypeFloat 32
+%StorageBuffer = OpTypeStruct %uint %float
+%_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer = OpTypePointer Uniform %StorageBuffer
+%sbo = OpVariable %_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer Uniform
+%int = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+%13 = OpTypeImage %float 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba32f
+%_runtimearr_13 = OpTypeRuntimeArray %13
+%_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %_runtimearr_13
+%images = OpVariable %_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 UniformConstant
+%_ptr_Input_uint = OpTypePointer Input %uint
+%v4uint = OpTypeVector %uint 4
+%_ptr_Input_v4uint = OpTypePointer Input %v4uint
+%var = OpVariable )") +
+      var_type + std::string(R"( Input
+%int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
+%_ptr_Uniform_uint = OpTypePointer Uniform %uint
+%_ptr_UniformConstant_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %13
+%v2int = OpTypeVector %int 2
+%25 = OpConstantComposite %v2int %int_0 %int_0
+%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
+%_ptr_Uniform_float = OpTypePointer Uniform %float
+%main = OpFunction %void None %3
+%5 = OpLabel
+%19 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_uint %sbo %int_0
+%20 = OpLoad %uint %19
+%load = OpLoad )") + var_load_type + std::string(R"( %var
+%22 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_UniformConstant_13 %images %20
+%23 = OpLoad %13 %22
+%27 = OpImageRead %v4float %23 %25
+%29 = OpCompositeExtract %float %27 0
+%31 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_float %sbo %int_1
+OpStore %31 %29
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)");
+
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<SpreadVolatileSemantics>(text, true);
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    AddVolatileDecoration, AddVolatileDecorationTest,
+    ::testing::ValuesIn(std::vector<ExecutionModelAndBuiltIn>{
+        {"RayGenerationKHR", "SubgroupSize", false},
+        {"RayGenerationKHR", "SubgroupLocalInvocationId", false},
+        {"RayGenerationKHR", "SubgroupEqMask", true},
+        {"ClosestHitKHR", "SubgroupLocalInvocationId", true},
+        {"IntersectionKHR", "SubgroupEqMask", true},
+        {"MissKHR", "SubgroupGeMask", true},
+        {"CallableKHR", "SubgroupGtMask", true},
+        {"RayGenerationKHR", "SubgroupLeMask", true},
+    }));
+
+using SetLoadVolatileTest =
+    PassTest<::testing::TestWithParam<ExecutionModelAndBuiltIn>>;
+
+TEST_P(SetLoadVolatileTest, InMain) {
+  const auto& tc = GetParam();
+  const std::string execution_model(tc.execution_model);
+  const std::string built_in(tc.built_in);
+
+  const std::string var_type =
+      tc.use_v4uint ? "%_ptr_Input_v4uint" : "%_ptr_Input_uint";
+  const std::string var_value = tc.use_v4uint ? std::string(R"(
+; CHECK: [[ptr:%\w+]] = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_uint [[var]] %int_0
+; CHECK: OpLoad {{%\w+}} [[ptr]] Volatile
+%ptr = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_uint %var %int_0
+%var_value = OpLoad %uint %ptr)")
+                                              : std::string(R"(
+; CHECK: OpLoad {{%\w+}} [[var]] Volatile
+%var_value = OpLoad %uint %var)");
+
+  const std::string text = std::string(R"(OpCapability RuntimeDescriptorArray
+OpCapability RayTracingKHR
+OpCapability SubgroupBallotKHR
+OpCapability VulkanMemoryModel
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_vulkan_memory_model"
+OpExtension "SPV_EXT_descriptor_indexing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_shader_ballot"
+OpMemoryModel Logical Vulkan
+OpEntryPoint )") + execution_model +
+                           std::string(R"( %main "main" %var
+OpName %main "main"
+OpName %StorageBuffer "StorageBuffer"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 0 "index"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 1 "red"
+OpName %sbo "sbo"
+OpName %images "images"
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 1 Offset 4
+OpDecorate %StorageBuffer BufferBlock
+OpDecorate %sbo DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %sbo Binding 0
+OpDecorate %images DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %images Binding 1
+OpDecorate %images NonWritable
+)") + std::string(R"(
+; CHECK: OpDecorate [[var:%\w+]] BuiltIn )") +
+                           built_in + std::string(R"(
+OpDecorate %var BuiltIn )") + built_in +
+                           std::string(R"(
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+%uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%float = OpTypeFloat 32
+%StorageBuffer = OpTypeStruct %uint %float
+%_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer = OpTypePointer Uniform %StorageBuffer
+%sbo = OpVariable %_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer Uniform
+%int = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+%13 = OpTypeImage %float 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba32f
+%_runtimearr_13 = OpTypeRuntimeArray %13
+%_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %_runtimearr_13
+%images = OpVariable %_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 UniformConstant
+%_ptr_Input_uint = OpTypePointer Input %uint
+%v4uint = OpTypeVector %uint 4
+%_ptr_Input_v4uint = OpTypePointer Input %v4uint
+%var = OpVariable )") + var_type +
+                           std::string(R"( Input
+%int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
+%_ptr_Uniform_uint = OpTypePointer Uniform %uint
+%_ptr_UniformConstant_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %13
+%v2int = OpTypeVector %int 2
+%25 = OpConstantComposite %v2int %int_0 %int_0
+%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
+%_ptr_Uniform_float = OpTypePointer Uniform %float
+%main = OpFunction %void None %3
+%5 = OpLabel
+%19 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_uint %sbo %int_0
+%20 = OpLoad %uint %19
+)") + var_value + std::string(R"(
+%test = OpIAdd %uint %var_value %20
+%22 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_UniformConstant_13 %images %test
+%23 = OpLoad %13 %22
+%27 = OpImageRead %v4float %23 %25
+%29 = OpCompositeExtract %float %27 0
+%31 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_float %sbo %int_1
+OpStore %31 %29
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)");
+
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<SpreadVolatileSemantics>(text, true);
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    SetLoadVolatile, SetLoadVolatileTest,
+    ::testing::ValuesIn(std::vector<ExecutionModelAndBuiltIn>{
+        {"RayGenerationKHR", "SubgroupSize", false},
+        {"RayGenerationKHR", "SubgroupLocalInvocationId", false},
+        {"RayGenerationKHR", "SubgroupEqMask", true},
+        {"ClosestHitKHR", "SubgroupLocalInvocationId", true},
+        {"IntersectionKHR", "SubgroupEqMask", true},
+        {"MissKHR", "SubgroupGeMask", true},
+        {"CallableKHR", "SubgroupGtMask", true},
+        {"RayGenerationKHR", "SubgroupLeMask", true},
+    }));
+
+using VolatileSpreadTest = PassTest<::testing::Test>;
+
+TEST_F(VolatileSpreadTest, SpreadVolatileForHelperInvocation) {
+  const std::string text =
+      R"(
+OpCapability Shader
+OpCapability DemoteToHelperInvocation
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %var
+OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+
+; CHECK: OpDecorate [[var:%\w+]] BuiltIn HelperInvocation
+; CHECK: OpDecorate [[var]] Volatile
+OpDecorate %var BuiltIn HelperInvocation
+
+%bool = OpTypeBool
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%void_fn = OpTypeFunction %void
+%_ptr_Input_bool = OpTypePointer Input %bool
+%var = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_bool Input
+%main = OpFunction %void None %void_fn
+%entry = OpLabel
+%load = OpLoad %bool %var
+OpDemoteToHelperInvocation
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  SetTargetEnv(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<SpreadVolatileSemantics>(text, true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VolatileSpreadTest, MultipleExecutionModel) {
+  const std::string text =
+      R"(
+OpCapability RuntimeDescriptorArray
+OpCapability RayTracingKHR
+OpCapability SubgroupBallotKHR
+OpExtension "SPV_EXT_descriptor_indexing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_shader_ballot"
+%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint RayGenerationKHR %RayGeneration "RayGeneration" %var
+OpEntryPoint GLCompute %compute "Compute" %gl_LocalInvocationIndex
+OpExecutionMode %compute LocalSize 16 16 1
+OpSource GLSL 460
+OpSourceExtension "GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier"
+OpSourceExtension "GL_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpName %RayGeneration "RayGeneration"
+OpName %StorageBuffer "StorageBuffer"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 0 "index"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 1 "red"
+OpName %sbo "sbo"
+OpName %images "images"
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 1 Offset 4
+OpDecorate %gl_LocalInvocationIndex BuiltIn LocalInvocationIndex
+OpDecorate %StorageBuffer BufferBlock
+OpDecorate %sbo DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %sbo Binding 0
+OpDecorate %images DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %images Binding 1
+OpDecorate %images NonWritable
+
+; CHECK:     OpEntryPoint RayGenerationNV {{%\w+}} "RayGeneration" [[var:%\w+]]
+; CHECK:     OpDecorate [[var]] BuiltIn SubgroupSize
+; CHECK:     OpDecorate [[var]] Volatile
+; CHECK-NOT: OpDecorate {{%\w+}} Volatile
+OpDecorate %var BuiltIn SubgroupSize
+
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+%uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%float = OpTypeFloat 32
+%StorageBuffer = OpTypeStruct %uint %float
+%_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer = OpTypePointer Uniform %StorageBuffer
+%sbo = OpVariable %_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer Uniform
+%int = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+%13 = OpTypeImage %float 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba32f
+%_runtimearr_13 = OpTypeRuntimeArray %13
+%_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %_runtimearr_13
+%images = OpVariable %_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 UniformConstant
+%_ptr_Input_uint = OpTypePointer Input %uint
+%var = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_uint Input
+%int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
+%_ptr_Uniform_uint = OpTypePointer Uniform %uint
+%_ptr_UniformConstant_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %13
+%v2int = OpTypeVector %int 2
+%25 = OpConstantComposite %v2int %int_0 %int_0
+%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
+%uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
+%_ptr_Uniform_float = OpTypePointer Uniform %float
+%gl_LocalInvocationIndex = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_uint Input
+%_ptr_Workgroup_uint = OpTypePointer Workgroup %uint
+%shared = OpVariable %_ptr_Workgroup_uint Workgroup
+
+%RayGeneration = OpFunction %void None %3
+%5 = OpLabel
+%19 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_uint %sbo %int_0
+%20 = OpLoad %uint %var
+%22 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_UniformConstant_13 %images %20
+%23 = OpLoad %13 %22
+%27 = OpImageRead %v4float %23 %25
+%29 = OpCompositeExtract %float %27 0
+%31 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_float %sbo %int_1
+OpStore %31 %29
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+
+%compute = OpFunction %void None %3
+%66 = OpLabel
+%62 = OpLoad %uint %gl_LocalInvocationIndex
+%61 = OpAtomicIAdd %uint %shared %uint_1 %uint_0 %62
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<SpreadVolatileSemantics>(text, true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VolatileSpreadTest, VarUsedInMultipleEntryPoints) {
+  const std::string text =
+      R"(
+OpCapability RuntimeDescriptorArray
+OpCapability RayTracingKHR
+OpCapability SubgroupBallotKHR
+OpExtension "SPV_EXT_descriptor_indexing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_shader_ballot"
+%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint RayGenerationKHR %RayGeneration "RayGeneration" %var
+OpEntryPoint ClosestHitKHR %ClosestHit "ClosestHit" %var
+OpSource GLSL 460
+OpSourceExtension "GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier"
+OpSourceExtension "GL_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpName %RayGeneration "RayGeneration"
+OpName %ClosestHit "ClosestHit"
+OpName %StorageBuffer "StorageBuffer"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 0 "index"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 1 "red"
+OpName %sbo "sbo"
+OpName %images "images"
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 1 Offset 4
+OpDecorate %gl_LocalInvocationIndex BuiltIn LocalInvocationIndex
+OpDecorate %StorageBuffer BufferBlock
+OpDecorate %sbo DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %sbo Binding 0
+OpDecorate %images DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %images Binding 1
+OpDecorate %images NonWritable
+
+; CHECK:     OpEntryPoint RayGenerationNV {{%\w+}} "RayGeneration" [[var:%\w+]]
+; CHECK:     OpEntryPoint ClosestHitNV {{%\w+}} "ClosestHit" [[var]]
+; CHECK:     OpDecorate [[var]] BuiltIn SubgroupSize
+; CHECK:     OpDecorate [[var]] Volatile
+; CHECK-NOT: OpDecorate {{%\w+}} Volatile
+OpDecorate %var BuiltIn SubgroupSize
+
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+%uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%float = OpTypeFloat 32
+%StorageBuffer = OpTypeStruct %uint %float
+%_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer = OpTypePointer Uniform %StorageBuffer
+%sbo = OpVariable %_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer Uniform
+%int = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+%13 = OpTypeImage %float 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba32f
+%_runtimearr_13 = OpTypeRuntimeArray %13
+%_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %_runtimearr_13
+%images = OpVariable %_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 UniformConstant
+%_ptr_Input_uint = OpTypePointer Input %uint
+%var = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_uint Input
+%int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
+%_ptr_Uniform_uint = OpTypePointer Uniform %uint
+%_ptr_UniformConstant_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %13
+%v2int = OpTypeVector %int 2
+%25 = OpConstantComposite %v2int %int_0 %int_0
+%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
+%uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
+%_ptr_Uniform_float = OpTypePointer Uniform %float
+%gl_LocalInvocationIndex = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_uint Input
+%_ptr_Workgroup_uint = OpTypePointer Workgroup %uint
+%shared = OpVariable %_ptr_Workgroup_uint Workgroup
+
+%RayGeneration = OpFunction %void None %3
+%5 = OpLabel
+%19 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_uint %sbo %int_0
+%20 = OpLoad %uint %var
+%22 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_UniformConstant_13 %images %20
+%23 = OpLoad %13 %22
+%27 = OpImageRead %v4float %23 %25
+%29 = OpCompositeExtract %float %27 0
+%31 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_float %sbo %int_1
+OpStore %31 %29
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+
+%ClosestHit = OpFunction %void None %3
+%45 = OpLabel
+%49 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_uint %sbo %int_0
+%40 = OpLoad %uint %var
+%42 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_UniformConstant_13 %images %40
+%43 = OpLoad %13 %42
+%47 = OpImageRead %v4float %43 %25
+%59 = OpCompositeExtract %float %47 0
+%51 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_float %sbo %int_1
+OpStore %51 %59
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<SpreadVolatileSemantics>(text, true);
+}
+
+class VolatileSpreadErrorTest : public PassTest<::testing::Test> {
+ public:
+  VolatileSpreadErrorTest()
+      : consumer_([this](spv_message_level_t level, const char*,
+                         const spv_position_t& position, const char* message) {
+          if (!error_message_.empty()) error_message_ += "\n";
+          switch (level) {
+            case SPV_MSG_FATAL:
+            case SPV_MSG_INTERNAL_ERROR:
+            case SPV_MSG_ERROR:
+              error_message_ += "ERROR";
+              break;
+            case SPV_MSG_WARNING:
+              error_message_ += "WARNING";
+              break;
+            case SPV_MSG_INFO:
+              error_message_ += "INFO";
+              break;
+            case SPV_MSG_DEBUG:
+              error_message_ += "DEBUG";
+              break;
+          }
+          error_message_ +=
+              ": " + std::to_string(position.index) + ": " + message;
+        }) {}
+
+  Pass::Status RunPass(const std::string& text) {
+    std::unique_ptr<IRContext> context_ =
+        spvtools::BuildModule(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, consumer_, text);
+    if (!context_.get()) return Pass::Status::Failure;
+
+    PassManager manager;
+    manager.SetMessageConsumer(consumer_);
+    manager.AddPass<SpreadVolatileSemantics>();
+
+    return manager.Run(context_.get());
+  }
+
+  std::string GetErrorMessage() const { return error_message_; }
+
+  void TearDown() override { error_message_.clear(); }
+
+ private:
+  spvtools::MessageConsumer consumer_;
+  std::string error_message_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(VolatileSpreadErrorTest, VarUsedInMultipleExecutionModelError) {
+  const std::string text =
+      R"(
+OpCapability RuntimeDescriptorArray
+OpCapability RayTracingKHR
+OpCapability SubgroupBallotKHR
+OpExtension "SPV_EXT_descriptor_indexing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_shader_ballot"
+%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint RayGenerationKHR %RayGeneration "RayGeneration" %var
+OpEntryPoint GLCompute %compute "Compute" %gl_LocalInvocationIndex %var
+OpExecutionMode %compute LocalSize 16 16 1
+OpSource GLSL 460
+OpSourceExtension "GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier"
+OpSourceExtension "GL_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpName %RayGeneration "RayGeneration"
+OpName %StorageBuffer "StorageBuffer"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 0 "index"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 1 "red"
+OpName %sbo "sbo"
+OpName %images "images"
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 1 Offset 4
+OpDecorate %gl_LocalInvocationIndex BuiltIn LocalInvocationIndex
+OpDecorate %StorageBuffer BufferBlock
+OpDecorate %sbo DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %sbo Binding 0
+OpDecorate %images DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %images Binding 1
+OpDecorate %images NonWritable
+OpDecorate %var BuiltIn SubgroupSize
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+%uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%float = OpTypeFloat 32
+%StorageBuffer = OpTypeStruct %uint %float
+%_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer = OpTypePointer Uniform %StorageBuffer
+%sbo = OpVariable %_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer Uniform
+%int = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+%13 = OpTypeImage %float 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba32f
+%_runtimearr_13 = OpTypeRuntimeArray %13
+%_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %_runtimearr_13
+%images = OpVariable %_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 UniformConstant
+%_ptr_Input_uint = OpTypePointer Input %uint
+%var = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_uint Input
+%int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
+%_ptr_Uniform_uint = OpTypePointer Uniform %uint
+%_ptr_UniformConstant_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %13
+%v2int = OpTypeVector %int 2
+%25 = OpConstantComposite %v2int %int_0 %int_0
+%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
+%uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
+%_ptr_Uniform_float = OpTypePointer Uniform %float
+%gl_LocalInvocationIndex = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_uint Input
+%_ptr_Workgroup_uint = OpTypePointer Workgroup %uint
+%shared = OpVariable %_ptr_Workgroup_uint Workgroup
+
+%RayGeneration = OpFunction %void None %3
+%5 = OpLabel
+%19 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_uint %sbo %int_0
+%20 = OpLoad %uint %var
+%22 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_UniformConstant_13 %images %20
+%23 = OpLoad %13 %22
+%27 = OpImageRead %v4float %23 %25
+%29 = OpCompositeExtract %float %27 0
+%31 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_float %sbo %int_1
+OpStore %31 %29
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+
+%compute = OpFunction %void None %3
+%66 = OpLabel
+%62 = OpLoad %uint %gl_LocalInvocationIndex
+%63 = OpLoad %uint %var
+%64 = OpIAdd %uint %62 %63
+%61 = OpAtomicIAdd %uint %shared %uint_1 %uint_0 %64
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(RunPass(text), Pass::Status::Failure);
+  const char expected_error[] =
+      "ERROR: 0: Variable is a target for Volatile semantics for an entry "
+      "point, but it is not for another entry point";
+  EXPECT_STREQ(GetErrorMessage().substr(0, sizeof(expected_error) - 1).c_str(),
+               expected_error);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VolatileSpreadErrorTest,
+       VarUsedInMultipleReverseOrderExecutionModelError) {
+  const std::string text =
+      R"(
+OpCapability RuntimeDescriptorArray
+OpCapability RayTracingKHR
+OpCapability SubgroupBallotKHR
+OpExtension "SPV_EXT_descriptor_indexing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_shader_ballot"
+%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint GLCompute %compute "Compute" %gl_LocalInvocationIndex %var
+OpEntryPoint RayGenerationKHR %RayGeneration "RayGeneration" %var
+OpExecutionMode %compute LocalSize 16 16 1
+OpSource GLSL 460
+OpSourceExtension "GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier"
+OpSourceExtension "GL_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpName %RayGeneration "RayGeneration"
+OpName %StorageBuffer "StorageBuffer"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 0 "index"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 1 "red"
+OpName %sbo "sbo"
+OpName %images "images"
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 1 Offset 4
+OpDecorate %gl_LocalInvocationIndex BuiltIn LocalInvocationIndex
+OpDecorate %StorageBuffer BufferBlock
+OpDecorate %sbo DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %sbo Binding 0
+OpDecorate %images DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %images Binding 1
+OpDecorate %images NonWritable
+OpDecorate %var BuiltIn SubgroupSize
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+%uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%float = OpTypeFloat 32
+%StorageBuffer = OpTypeStruct %uint %float
+%_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer = OpTypePointer Uniform %StorageBuffer
+%sbo = OpVariable %_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer Uniform
+%int = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+%13 = OpTypeImage %float 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba32f
+%_runtimearr_13 = OpTypeRuntimeArray %13
+%_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %_runtimearr_13
+%images = OpVariable %_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 UniformConstant
+%_ptr_Input_uint = OpTypePointer Input %uint
+%var = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_uint Input
+%int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
+%_ptr_Uniform_uint = OpTypePointer Uniform %uint
+%_ptr_UniformConstant_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %13
+%v2int = OpTypeVector %int 2
+%25 = OpConstantComposite %v2int %int_0 %int_0
+%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
+%uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
+%_ptr_Uniform_float = OpTypePointer Uniform %float
+%gl_LocalInvocationIndex = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_uint Input
+%_ptr_Workgroup_uint = OpTypePointer Workgroup %uint
+%shared = OpVariable %_ptr_Workgroup_uint Workgroup
+
+%RayGeneration = OpFunction %void None %3
+%5 = OpLabel
+%19 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_uint %sbo %int_0
+%20 = OpLoad %uint %var
+%22 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_UniformConstant_13 %images %20
+%23 = OpLoad %13 %22
+%27 = OpImageRead %v4float %23 %25
+%29 = OpCompositeExtract %float %27 0
+%31 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_float %sbo %int_1
+OpStore %31 %29
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+
+%compute = OpFunction %void None %3
+%66 = OpLabel
+%62 = OpLoad %uint %gl_LocalInvocationIndex
+%63 = OpLoad %uint %var
+%64 = OpIAdd %uint %62 %63
+%61 = OpAtomicIAdd %uint %shared %uint_1 %uint_0 %64
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(RunPass(text), Pass::Status::Failure);
+  const char expected_error[] =
+      "ERROR: 0: Variable is a target for Volatile semantics for an entry "
+      "point, but it is not for another entry point";
+  EXPECT_STREQ(GetErrorMessage().substr(0, sizeof(expected_error) - 1).c_str(),
+               expected_error);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VolatileSpreadErrorTest, FunctionNotInlined) {
+  const std::string text =
+      R"(
+OpCapability RuntimeDescriptorArray
+OpCapability RayTracingKHR
+OpCapability SubgroupBallotKHR
+OpExtension "SPV_EXT_descriptor_indexing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_shader_ballot"
+%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint RayGenerationKHR %RayGeneration "RayGeneration" %var
+OpEntryPoint ClosestHitKHR %ClosestHit "ClosestHit" %var
+OpSource GLSL 460
+OpSourceExtension "GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier"
+OpSourceExtension "GL_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpName %RayGeneration "RayGeneration"
+OpName %ClosestHit "ClosestHit"
+OpName %StorageBuffer "StorageBuffer"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 0 "index"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 1 "red"
+OpName %sbo "sbo"
+OpName %images "images"
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 1 Offset 4
+OpDecorate %gl_LocalInvocationIndex BuiltIn LocalInvocationIndex
+OpDecorate %StorageBuffer BufferBlock
+OpDecorate %sbo DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %sbo Binding 0
+OpDecorate %images DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %images Binding 1
+OpDecorate %images NonWritable
+OpDecorate %var BuiltIn SubgroupSize
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+%uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%float = OpTypeFloat 32
+%StorageBuffer = OpTypeStruct %uint %float
+%_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer = OpTypePointer Uniform %StorageBuffer
+%sbo = OpVariable %_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer Uniform
+%int = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+%13 = OpTypeImage %float 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba32f
+%_runtimearr_13 = OpTypeRuntimeArray %13
+%_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %_runtimearr_13
+%images = OpVariable %_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 UniformConstant
+%_ptr_Input_uint = OpTypePointer Input %uint
+%var = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_uint Input
+%int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
+%_ptr_Uniform_uint = OpTypePointer Uniform %uint
+%_ptr_UniformConstant_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %13
+%v2int = OpTypeVector %int 2
+%25 = OpConstantComposite %v2int %int_0 %int_0
+%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
+%uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
+%_ptr_Uniform_float = OpTypePointer Uniform %float
+%gl_LocalInvocationIndex = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_uint Input
+%_ptr_Workgroup_uint = OpTypePointer Workgroup %uint
+%shared = OpVariable %_ptr_Workgroup_uint Workgroup
+
+%RayGeneration = OpFunction %void None %3
+%5 = OpLabel
+%19 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_uint %sbo %int_0
+%20 = OpLoad %uint %19
+%22 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_UniformConstant_13 %images %20
+%23 = OpLoad %13 %22
+%27 = OpImageRead %v4float %23 %25
+%29 = OpCompositeExtract %float %27 0
+%31 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_float %sbo %int_1
+OpStore %31 %29
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+
+%NotInlined = OpFunction %void None %3
+%32 = OpLabel
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+
+%ClosestHit = OpFunction %void None %3
+%45 = OpLabel
+%49 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_uint %sbo %int_0
+%40 = OpLoad %uint %49
+%42 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_UniformConstant_13 %images %40
+%43 = OpLoad %13 %42
+%47 = OpImageRead %v4float %43 %25
+%59 = OpCompositeExtract %float %47 0
+%51 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_float %sbo %int_1
+OpStore %51 %59
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(RunPass(text), Pass::Status::Failure);
+  const char expected_error[] =
+      "ERROR: 0: Functions of SPIR-V for spread-volatile-semantics pass "
+      "input must be inlined except entry points";
+  EXPECT_STREQ(GetErrorMessage().substr(0, sizeof(expected_error) - 1).c_str(),
+               expected_error);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VolatileSpreadErrorTest, VarNotUsedInEntryPointForVolatile) {
+  const std::string text =
+      R"(
+OpCapability RuntimeDescriptorArray
+OpCapability RayTracingKHR
+OpCapability SubgroupBallotKHR
+OpExtension "SPV_EXT_descriptor_indexing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_shader_ballot"
+%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint RayGenerationKHR %RayGeneration "RayGeneration" %var
+OpEntryPoint GLCompute %compute "Compute" %gl_LocalInvocationIndex %var
+OpExecutionMode %compute LocalSize 16 16 1
+OpSource GLSL 460
+OpSourceExtension "GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier"
+OpSourceExtension "GL_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpName %RayGeneration "RayGeneration"
+OpName %StorageBuffer "StorageBuffer"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 0 "index"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 1 "red"
+OpName %sbo "sbo"
+OpName %images "images"
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 1 Offset 4
+OpDecorate %gl_LocalInvocationIndex BuiltIn LocalInvocationIndex
+OpDecorate %StorageBuffer BufferBlock
+OpDecorate %sbo DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %sbo Binding 0
+OpDecorate %images DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %images Binding 1
+OpDecorate %images NonWritable
+
+; CHECK-NOT: OpDecorate {{%\w+}} Volatile
+
+OpDecorate %var BuiltIn SubgroupSize
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+%uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%float = OpTypeFloat 32
+%StorageBuffer = OpTypeStruct %uint %float
+%_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer = OpTypePointer Uniform %StorageBuffer
+%sbo = OpVariable %_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer Uniform
+%int = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+%13 = OpTypeImage %float 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba32f
+%_runtimearr_13 = OpTypeRuntimeArray %13
+%_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %_runtimearr_13
+%images = OpVariable %_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 UniformConstant
+%_ptr_Input_uint = OpTypePointer Input %uint
+%var = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_uint Input
+%int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
+%_ptr_Uniform_uint = OpTypePointer Uniform %uint
+%_ptr_UniformConstant_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %13
+%v2int = OpTypeVector %int 2
+%25 = OpConstantComposite %v2int %int_0 %int_0
+%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
+%uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
+%_ptr_Uniform_float = OpTypePointer Uniform %float
+%gl_LocalInvocationIndex = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_uint Input
+%_ptr_Workgroup_uint = OpTypePointer Workgroup %uint
+%shared = OpVariable %_ptr_Workgroup_uint Workgroup
+
+%RayGeneration = OpFunction %void None %3
+%5 = OpLabel
+%19 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_uint %sbo %int_0
+%20 = OpLoad %uint %19
+%22 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_UniformConstant_13 %images %20
+%23 = OpLoad %13 %22
+%27 = OpImageRead %v4float %23 %25
+%29 = OpCompositeExtract %float %27 0
+%31 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_float %sbo %int_1
+OpStore %31 %29
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+
+%compute = OpFunction %void None %3
+%66 = OpLabel
+%62 = OpLoad %uint %gl_LocalInvocationIndex
+%63 = OpLoad %uint %var
+%64 = OpIAdd %uint %62 %63
+%61 = OpAtomicIAdd %uint %shared %uint_1 %uint_0 %64
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<SpreadVolatileSemantics>(text, true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VolatileSpreadTest, RecursivelySpreadVolatile) {
+  const std::string text =
+      R"(
+OpCapability RuntimeDescriptorArray
+OpCapability RayTracingKHR
+OpCapability SubgroupBallotKHR
+OpCapability VulkanMemoryModel
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_vulkan_memory_model"
+OpExtension "SPV_EXT_descriptor_indexing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_shader_ballot"
+%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+OpMemoryModel Logical Vulkan
+OpEntryPoint RayGenerationKHR %RayGeneration "RayGeneration" %var0 %var1
+OpSource GLSL 460
+OpSourceExtension "GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier"
+OpSourceExtension "GL_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpName %RayGeneration "RayGeneration"
+OpName %StorageBuffer "StorageBuffer"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 0 "index"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 1 "red"
+OpName %sbo "sbo"
+OpName %images "images"
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 1 Offset 4
+OpDecorate %StorageBuffer BufferBlock
+OpDecorate %sbo DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %sbo Binding 0
+OpDecorate %images DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %images Binding 1
+OpDecorate %images NonWritable
+
+; CHECK: OpDecorate [[var0:%\w+]] BuiltIn SubgroupEqMask
+; CHECK: OpDecorate [[var1:%\w+]] BuiltIn SubgroupGeMask
+OpDecorate %var0 BuiltIn SubgroupEqMask
+OpDecorate %var1 BuiltIn SubgroupGeMask
+
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+%uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%float = OpTypeFloat 32
+%StorageBuffer = OpTypeStruct %uint %float
+%_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer = OpTypePointer Uniform %StorageBuffer
+%sbo = OpVariable %_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer Uniform
+%int = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+%13 = OpTypeImage %float 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba32f
+%_runtimearr_13 = OpTypeRuntimeArray %13
+%_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %_runtimearr_13
+%images = OpVariable %_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 UniformConstant
+%v4uint = OpTypeVector %uint 4
+%_ptr_Input_v4uint = OpTypePointer Input %v4uint
+%_ptr_Input_uint = OpTypePointer Input %uint
+%var0 = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4uint Input
+%var1 = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4uint Input
+%int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
+%_ptr_Uniform_uint = OpTypePointer Uniform %uint
+%_ptr_UniformConstant_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %13
+%v2int = OpTypeVector %int 2
+%25 = OpConstantComposite %v2int %int_0 %int_0
+%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
+%uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
+%_ptr_Uniform_float = OpTypePointer Uniform %float
+
+%RayGeneration = OpFunction %void None %3
+%5 = OpLabel
+
+; CHECK: [[ptr0:%\w+]] = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_uint [[var0]] %int_0
+; CHECK: OpLoad {{%\w+}} [[ptr0]] Volatile
+%19 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_uint %var0 %int_0
+%20 = OpLoad %uint %19
+
+%22 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_UniformConstant_13 %images %20
+%23 = OpLoad %13 %22
+%27 = OpImageRead %v4float %23 %25
+%29 = OpCompositeExtract %float %27 0
+%31 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_float %sbo %uint_1
+
+; CHECK: OpLoad {{%\w+}} [[ptr0]] Volatile
+%24 = OpLoad %uint %19
+
+; CHECK: [[var2:%\w+]] = OpCopyObject %_ptr_Input_v4uint [[var0]]
+; CHECK: [[ptr2:%\w+]] = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_uint [[var2]] %int_1
+; CHECK: OpLoad {{%\w+}} [[ptr2]] Volatile
+%18 = OpCopyObject %_ptr_Input_v4uint %var0
+%21 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_uint %18 %int_1
+%26 = OpLoad %uint %21
+
+%28 = OpIAdd %uint %24 %26
+%30 = OpConvertUToF %float %28
+
+; CHECK: [[ptr1:%\w+]] = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_uint [[var1]] %int_1
+; CHECK: OpLoad {{%\w+}} [[ptr1]] Volatile
+%32 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_uint %var1 %int_1
+%33 = OpLoad %uint %32
+
+%34 = OpConvertUToF %float %33
+%35 = OpFAdd %float %34 %30
+%36 = OpFAdd %float %35 %29
+OpStore %31 %36
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<SpreadVolatileSemantics>(text, true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VolatileSpreadTest, SpreadVolatileOnlyForTargetEntryPoints) {
+  const std::string text =
+      R"(
+OpCapability RuntimeDescriptorArray
+OpCapability RayTracingKHR
+OpCapability SubgroupBallotKHR
+OpCapability VulkanMemoryModel
+OpCapability VulkanMemoryModelDeviceScopeKHR
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_vulkan_memory_model"
+OpExtension "SPV_EXT_descriptor_indexing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_shader_ballot"
+%1 = OpExtInstImport "GLSL.std.450"
+OpMemoryModel Logical Vulkan
+OpEntryPoint RayGenerationKHR %RayGeneration "RayGeneration" %var0 %var1
+OpEntryPoint GLCompute %compute "Compute" %var0 %var1
+OpExecutionMode %compute LocalSize 16 16 1
+OpSource GLSL 460
+OpSourceExtension "GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier"
+OpSourceExtension "GL_KHR_ray_tracing"
+OpName %RayGeneration "RayGeneration"
+OpName %StorageBuffer "StorageBuffer"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 0 "index"
+OpMemberName %StorageBuffer 1 "red"
+OpName %sbo "sbo"
+OpName %images "images"
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 0 Offset 0
+OpMemberDecorate %StorageBuffer 1 Offset 4
+OpDecorate %StorageBuffer BufferBlock
+OpDecorate %sbo DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %sbo Binding 0
+OpDecorate %images DescriptorSet 0
+OpDecorate %images Binding 1
+OpDecorate %images NonWritable
+
+; CHECK: OpDecorate [[var0:%\w+]] BuiltIn SubgroupEqMask
+; CHECK: OpDecorate [[var1:%\w+]] BuiltIn SubgroupGeMask
+OpDecorate %var0 BuiltIn SubgroupEqMask
+OpDecorate %var1 BuiltIn SubgroupGeMask
+
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %void
+%uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%float = OpTypeFloat 32
+%StorageBuffer = OpTypeStruct %uint %float
+%_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer = OpTypePointer Uniform %StorageBuffer
+%sbo = OpVariable %_ptr_Uniform_StorageBuffer Uniform
+%int = OpTypeInt 32 1
+%int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+%13 = OpTypeImage %float 2D 0 0 0 2 Rgba32f
+%_runtimearr_13 = OpTypeRuntimeArray %13
+%_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %_runtimearr_13
+%images = OpVariable %_ptr_UniformConstant__runtimearr_13 UniformConstant
+%v4uint = OpTypeVector %uint 4
+%_ptr_Input_v4uint = OpTypePointer Input %v4uint
+%_ptr_Input_uint = OpTypePointer Input %uint
+%var0 = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4uint Input
+%var1 = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4uint Input
+%int_0 = OpConstant %int 0
+%_ptr_Uniform_uint = OpTypePointer Uniform %uint
+%_ptr_UniformConstant_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %13
+%v2int = OpTypeVector %int 2
+%25 = OpConstantComposite %v2int %int_0 %int_0
+%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%uint_0 = OpConstant %uint 0
+%uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
+%_ptr_Uniform_float = OpTypePointer Uniform %float
+%_ptr_Workgroup_uint = OpTypePointer Workgroup %uint
+%shared = OpVariable %_ptr_Workgroup_uint Workgroup
+
+%RayGeneration = OpFunction %void None %3
+%5 = OpLabel
+
+; CHECK: [[ptr0:%\w+]] = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_uint [[var0]] %int_0
+; CHECK: OpLoad {{%\w+}} [[ptr0]] Volatile
+%19 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_uint %var0 %int_0
+%20 = OpLoad %uint %19
+
+%22 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_UniformConstant_13 %images %20
+%23 = OpLoad %13 %22
+%27 = OpImageRead %v4float %23 %25
+%29 = OpCompositeExtract %float %27 0
+%31 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Uniform_float %sbo %uint_1
+
+; CHECK: OpLoad {{%\w+}} [[ptr0]] Volatile
+%24 = OpLoad %uint %19
+
+; CHECK: [[var2:%\w+]] = OpCopyObject %_ptr_Input_v4uint [[var0]]
+; CHECK: [[ptr2:%\w+]] = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_uint [[var2]] %int_1
+; CHECK: OpLoad {{%\w+}} [[ptr2]] Volatile
+%18 = OpCopyObject %_ptr_Input_v4uint %var0
+%21 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_uint %18 %int_1
+%26 = OpLoad %uint %21
+
+%28 = OpIAdd %uint %24 %26
+%30 = OpConvertUToF %float %28
+
+; CHECK: [[ptr1:%\w+]] = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_uint [[var1]] %int_1
+; CHECK: OpLoad {{%\w+}} [[ptr1]] Volatile
+%32 = OpAccessChain %_ptr_Input_uint %var1 %int_1
+%33 = OpLoad %uint %32
+
+%34 = OpConvertUToF %float %33
+%35 = OpFAdd %float %34 %30
+%36 = OpFAdd %float %35 %29
+OpStore %31 %36
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+
+%compute = OpFunction %void None %3
+%66 = OpLabel
+
+; CHECK-NOT: OpLoad {{%\w+}} {{%\w+}} Volatile
+%62 = OpLoad %v4uint %var0
+%63 = OpLoad %v4uint %var1
+%64 = OpIAdd %v4uint %62 %63
+%65 = OpCompositeExtract %uint %64 0
+%61 = OpAtomicIAdd %uint %shared %uint_1 %uint_0 %65
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<SpreadVolatileSemantics>(text, true);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VolatileSpreadTest, SkipIfItHasNoExecutionModel) {
+  const std::string text = R"(
+OpCapability Shader
+OpCapability Linkage
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+%2 = OpTypeVoid
+%3 = OpTypeFunction %2
+%4 = OpFunction %2 None %3
+%5 = OpLabel
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  Pass::Status status;
+  std::tie(std::ignore, status) =
+      SinglePassRunToBinary<SpreadVolatileSemantics>(text,
+                                                     /* skip_nop = */ false);
+  EXPECT_EQ(status, Pass::Status::SuccessWithoutChange);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace opt
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/opt/strip_reflect_info_test.cpp b/test/opt/strip_nonsemantic_info_test.cpp
similarity index 64%
rename from test/opt/strip_reflect_info_test.cpp
rename to test/opt/strip_nonsemantic_info_test.cpp
index f3fc115..3aacffa 100644
--- a/test/opt/strip_reflect_info_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/strip_nonsemantic_info_test.cpp
@@ -13,10 +13,9 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 #include <string>
+
 #include "gmock/gmock.h"
-
 #include "spirv-tools/optimizer.hpp"
-
 #include "test/opt/pass_fixture.h"
 #include "test/opt/pass_utils.h"
 
@@ -24,7 +23,6 @@
 namespace opt {
 namespace {
 
-using StripLineReflectInfoTest = PassTest<::testing::Test>;
 using StripNonSemanticInfoTest = PassTest<::testing::Test>;
 
 // This test acts as an end-to-end code example on how to strip
@@ -33,7 +31,7 @@
 // option -fhlsl_functionality1 to insert reflection information,
 // but then want to filter out the extra instructions before sending
 // it to a driver that does not implement VK_GOOGLE_hlsl_functionality1.
-TEST_F(StripLineReflectInfoTest, StripReflectEnd2EndExample) {
+TEST_F(StripNonSemanticInfoTest, StripReflectEnd2EndExample) {
   // This is a non-sensical example, but exercises the instructions.
   std::string before = R"(OpCapability Shader
 OpCapability Linkage
@@ -49,11 +47,11 @@
   std::vector<uint32_t> binary_in;
   tools.Assemble(before, &binary_in);
 
-  // Instantiate the optimizer, and run the strip-reflection-info
+  // Instantiate the optimizer, and run the strip-nonsemantic-info
   // pass over the |binary_in| module, and place the modified module
   // into |binary_out|.
   spvtools::Optimizer optimizer(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1);
-  optimizer.RegisterPass(spvtools::CreateStripReflectInfoPass());
+  optimizer.RegisterPass(spvtools::CreateStripNonSemanticInfoPass());
   std::vector<uint32_t> binary_out;
   optimizer.Run(binary_in.data(), binary_in.size(), &binary_out);
 
@@ -71,7 +69,7 @@
 
 // This test is functionally the same as the end-to-end test above,
 // but uses the test SinglePassRunAndCheck test fixture instead.
-TEST_F(StripLineReflectInfoTest, StripHlslSemantic) {
+TEST_F(StripNonSemanticInfoTest, StripHlslSemantic) {
   // This is a non-sensical example, but exercises the instructions.
   std::string before = R"(OpCapability Shader
 OpCapability Linkage
@@ -90,10 +88,10 @@
 %float = OpTypeFloat 32
 )";
 
-  SinglePassRunAndCheck<StripReflectInfoPass>(before, after, false);
+  SinglePassRunAndCheck<StripNonSemanticInfoPass>(before, after, false);
 }
 
-TEST_F(StripLineReflectInfoTest, StripHlslCounterBuffer) {
+TEST_F(StripNonSemanticInfoTest, StripHlslCounterBuffer) {
   std::string before = R"(OpCapability Shader
 OpCapability Linkage
 OpExtension "SPV_GOOGLE_hlsl_functionality1"
@@ -109,10 +107,10 @@
 %float = OpTypeFloat 32
 )";
 
-  SinglePassRunAndCheck<StripReflectInfoPass>(before, after, false);
+  SinglePassRunAndCheck<StripNonSemanticInfoPass>(before, after, false);
 }
 
-TEST_F(StripLineReflectInfoTest, StripHlslSemanticOnMember) {
+TEST_F(StripNonSemanticInfoTest, StripHlslSemanticOnMember) {
   // This is a non-sensical example, but exercises the instructions.
   std::string before = R"(OpCapability Shader
 OpCapability Linkage
@@ -130,7 +128,7 @@
 %_struct_3 = OpTypeStruct %float
 )";
 
-  SinglePassRunAndCheck<StripReflectInfoPass>(before, after, false);
+  SinglePassRunAndCheck<StripNonSemanticInfoPass>(before, after, false);
 }
 
 TEST_F(StripNonSemanticInfoTest, StripNonSemanticImport) {
@@ -144,7 +142,7 @@
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
 )";
 
-  SinglePassRunAndMatch<StripReflectInfoPass>(text, true);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<StripNonSemanticInfoPass>(text, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(StripNonSemanticInfoTest, StripNonSemanticGlobal) {
@@ -159,7 +157,7 @@
 %1 = OpExtInst %void %ext 1
 )";
 
-  SinglePassRunAndMatch<StripReflectInfoPass>(text, true);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<StripNonSemanticInfoPass>(text, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(StripNonSemanticInfoTest, StripNonSemanticInFunction) {
@@ -179,7 +177,7 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
 
-  SinglePassRunAndMatch<StripReflectInfoPass>(text, true);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<StripNonSemanticInfoPass>(text, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(StripNonSemanticInfoTest, StripNonSemanticAfterFunction) {
@@ -199,7 +197,7 @@
 %1 = OpExtInst %void %ext 1 %foo
 )";
 
-  SinglePassRunAndMatch<StripReflectInfoPass>(text, true);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<StripNonSemanticInfoPass>(text, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(StripNonSemanticInfoTest, StripNonSemanticBetweenFunctions) {
@@ -223,7 +221,74 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
 
-  SinglePassRunAndMatch<StripReflectInfoPass>(text, true);
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<StripNonSemanticInfoPass>(text, true);
+}
+
+// Make sure that strip reflect does not remove the debug info (OpString and
+// OpLine).
+TEST_F(StripNonSemanticInfoTest, DontStripDebug) {
+  std::string text = R"(OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical Simple
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %1 "main"
+OpExecutionMode %1 OriginUpperLeft
+%2 = OpString "file"
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%4 = OpTypeFunction %void
+%1 = OpFunction %void None %4
+%5 = OpLabel
+OpLine %2 1 1
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  SinglePassRunAndCheck<StripNonSemanticInfoPass>(text, text, false);
+}
+
+TEST_F(StripNonSemanticInfoTest, RemovedNonSemanticDebugInfo) {
+  const std::string text = R"(
+;CHECK-NOT: OpExtension "SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info
+;CHECK-NOT: OpExtInstImport "NonSemantic.Shader.DebugInfo.100
+;CHECK-NOT: OpExtInst %void {{%\w+}} DebugSource
+;CHECK-NOT: OpExtInst %void {{%\w+}} DebugLine
+               OpCapability Shader
+               OpExtension "SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info"
+          %1 = OpExtInstImport "NonSemantic.Shader.DebugInfo.100"
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %PSMain "PSMain" %in_var_COLOR %out_var_SV_TARGET
+               OpExecutionMode %PSMain OriginUpperLeft
+          %5 = OpString "t.hlsl"
+          %6 = OpString "float"
+          %7 = OpString "color"
+          %8 = OpString "PSInput"
+          %9 = OpString "PSMain"
+         %10 = OpString ""
+         %11 = OpString "input"
+               OpName %in_var_COLOR "in.var.COLOR"
+               OpName %out_var_SV_TARGET "out.var.SV_TARGET"
+               OpName %PSMain "PSMain"
+               OpDecorate %in_var_COLOR Location 0
+               OpDecorate %out_var_SV_TARGET Location 0
+       %uint = OpTypeInt 32 0
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
+%_ptr_Output_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+     %uint_1 = OpConstant %uint 1
+     %uint_9 = OpConstant %uint 9
+         %21 = OpTypeFunction %void
+%in_var_COLOR = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
+%out_var_SV_TARGET = OpVariable %_ptr_Output_v4float Output
+         %13 = OpExtInst %void %1 DebugSource %5
+     %PSMain = OpFunction %void None %21
+         %22 = OpLabel
+         %23 = OpLoad %v4float %in_var_COLOR
+               OpStore %out_var_SV_TARGET %23
+         %24 = OpExtInst %void %1 DebugLine %13 %uint_9 %uint_9 %uint_1 %uint_1
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  SinglePassRunAndMatch<StripNonSemanticInfoPass>(text, true);
 }
 
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/test/opt/type_manager_test.cpp b/test/opt/type_manager_test.cpp
index fdae2ef..df216bc 100644
--- a/test/opt/type_manager_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/type_manager_test.cpp
@@ -167,10 +167,25 @@
   types.emplace_back(new NamedBarrier());
   types.emplace_back(new AccelerationStructureNV());
   types.emplace_back(new CooperativeMatrixNV(f32, 24, 24, 24));
+  types.emplace_back(new RayQueryKHR());
 
   return types;
 }
 
+TEST(TypeManager, GenerateAllTypesGeneratesAllTypes) {
+  std::set<Type::Kind> generated_types;
+  for (auto& type : GenerateAllTypes()) {
+    generated_types.insert(type->kind());
+  }
+
+  std::vector<Type::Kind> all_types;
+  for (uint32_t kind = 0; kind != Type::Kind::kLast; ++kind) {
+    all_types.push_back(static_cast<Type::Kind>(kind));
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_THAT(generated_types, testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray(all_types));
+}
+
 TEST(TypeManager, TypeStrings) {
   const std::string text = R"(
     OpDecorate %spec_const_with_id SpecId 99
@@ -1065,6 +1080,7 @@
 ; CHECK: OpTypeNamedBarrier
 ; CHECK: OpTypeAccelerationStructureKHR
 ; CHECK: OpTypeCooperativeMatrixNV [[f32]] [[uint24]] [[uint24]] [[uint24]]
+; CHECK: OpTypeRayQueryKHR
 OpCapability Shader
 OpCapability Int64
 OpCapability Linkage
diff --git a/test/opt/unify_const_test.cpp b/test/opt/unify_const_test.cpp
index 6ed2173..0d7c30b 100644
--- a/test/opt/unify_const_test.cpp
+++ b/test/opt/unify_const_test.cpp
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@
           // decorated flat struct
           "%flat_d = OpTypeStruct %int %float",
           "%_pf_flat_d = OpTypePointer Function %flat_d",
-          // perserved contants. %flat_1 and %flat_d has same members, but
+          // preserved constants. %flat_1 and %flat_d has same members, but
           // their type are different in decorations, so they should not be
           // used to replace each other.
           "%int_1 = OpConstant %int 1",
@@ -682,7 +682,7 @@
             // zero-valued composite constant built from zero-valued constant
             // component. inner_zero should not be replace by null_inner.
             "%inner_zero = OpConstantComposite %inner_struct %bool_zero %float_zero",
-            // zero-valued composite contant built from zero-valued constants
+            // zero-valued composite constant built from zero-valued constants
             // and null constants.
             "%outer_zero = OpConstantComposite %outer_struct %inner_zero %int_null %double_null",
             // outer_struct type null constant, it should not be replaced by
@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@
           {
             "%spec_signed_add_duplicate = OpSpecConstantOp %int IAdd %spec_signed_1 %spec_signed_2",
           },
-          // use duplicated contants in main
+          // use duplicated constants in main
           {
             "%int_var = OpVariable %_pf_int Function",
             "OpStore %int_var %spec_signed_add_duplicate",
diff --git a/test/target_env_test.cpp b/test/target_env_test.cpp
index 4acb8ff..7917cbf 100644
--- a/test/target_env_test.cpp
+++ b/test/target_env_test.cpp
@@ -135,7 +135,8 @@
         {VK(1, 0), SPV(1, 3), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1},
         {VK(1, 0), SPV(1, 4), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4},
         {VK(1, 0), SPV(1, 5), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2},
-        {VK(1, 0), SPV(1, 6), false, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0},
+        {VK(1, 0), SPV(1, 6), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3},
+        {VK(1, 0), SPV(1, 7), false, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0},
         // Vulkan 1.1 cases
         {VK(1, 1), SPV(1, 0), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1},
         {VK(1, 1), SPV(1, 1), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1},
@@ -143,7 +144,8 @@
         {VK(1, 1), SPV(1, 3), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1},
         {VK(1, 1), SPV(1, 4), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4},
         {VK(1, 1), SPV(1, 5), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2},
-        {VK(1, 1), SPV(1, 6), false, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0},
+        {VK(1, 1), SPV(1, 6), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3},
+        {VK(1, 1), SPV(1, 7), false, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0},
         // Vulkan 1.2 cases
         {VK(1, 2), SPV(1, 0), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2},
         {VK(1, 2), SPV(1, 1), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2},
@@ -151,9 +153,17 @@
         {VK(1, 2), SPV(1, 3), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2},
         {VK(1, 2), SPV(1, 4), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2},
         {VK(1, 2), SPV(1, 5), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2},
-        {VK(1, 2), SPV(1, 6), false, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0},
+        {VK(1, 2), SPV(1, 6), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3},
+        {VK(1, 2), SPV(1, 7), false, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0},
         // Vulkan 1.3 cases
-        {VK(1, 3), SPV(1, 0), false, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0},
+        {VK(1, 3), SPV(1, 0), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3},
+        {VK(1, 3), SPV(1, 1), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3},
+        {VK(1, 3), SPV(1, 2), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3},
+        {VK(1, 3), SPV(1, 3), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3},
+        {VK(1, 3), SPV(1, 4), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3},
+        {VK(1, 3), SPV(1, 5), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3},
+        {VK(1, 3), SPV(1, 6), true, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3},
+        {VK(1, 3), SPV(1, 7), false, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0},
         // Vulkan 2.0 cases
         {VK(2, 0), SPV(1, 0), false, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0},
         // Vulkan 99.0 cases
diff --git a/test/test_fixture.h b/test/test_fixture.h
index 0c5bfc9..029fc85 100644
--- a/test/test_fixture.h
+++ b/test/test_fixture.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #ifndef TEST_TEST_FIXTURE_H_
 #define TEST_TEST_FIXTURE_H_
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -91,12 +92,26 @@
     return diagnostic->error;
   }
 
+  // Potentially flip the words in the binary representation to the other
+  // endianness
+  template <class It>
+  void MaybeFlipWords(bool flip_words, It begin, It end) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE(flip_words ? "Flipped Endianness" : "Normal Endianness");
+    if (flip_words) {
+      std::transform(begin, end, begin, [](const uint32_t raw_word) {
+        return spvFixWord(raw_word, I32_ENDIAN_HOST == I32_ENDIAN_BIG
+                                        ? SPV_ENDIANNESS_LITTLE
+                                        : SPV_ENDIANNESS_BIG);
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
   // Encodes SPIR-V text into binary and then decodes the binary using
   // given options. Returns the decoded text.
   std::string EncodeAndDecodeSuccessfully(
       const std::string& txt,
       uint32_t disassemble_options = SPV_BINARY_TO_TEXT_OPTION_NONE,
-      spv_target_env env = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0) {
+      spv_target_env env = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, bool flip_words = false) {
     DestroyBinary();
     DestroyDiagnostic();
     ScopedContext context(env);
@@ -110,6 +125,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, error);
     if (!binary) return "";
 
+    MaybeFlipWords(flip_words, binary->code, binary->code + binary->wordCount);
+
     spv_text decoded_text;
     error = spvBinaryToText(context.context, binary->code, binary->wordCount,
                             disassemble_options, &decoded_text, &diagnostic);
diff --git a/test/text_to_binary.annotation_test.cpp b/test/text_to_binary.annotation_test.cpp
index 61bdf64..76776de 100644
--- a/test/text_to_binary.annotation_test.cpp
+++ b/test/text_to_binary.annotation_test.cpp
@@ -398,7 +398,8 @@
 
 TEST_F(TextToBinaryTest, GroupMemberDecorateMissingGroupId) {
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("OpGroupMemberDecorate"),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpGroupMemberDecorate instruction, but "
+                 "found the end of the stream."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(TextToBinaryTest, GroupMemberDecorateInvalidGroupId) {
@@ -413,7 +414,8 @@
 
 TEST_F(TextToBinaryTest, GroupMemberDecorateMissingTargetMemberNumber) {
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("OpGroupMemberDecorate %group %id0"),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpGroupMemberDecorate instruction, but "
+                 "found the end of the stream."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(TextToBinaryTest, GroupMemberDecorateInvalidTargetMemberNumber) {
@@ -428,7 +430,8 @@
 
 TEST_F(TextToBinaryTest, GroupMemberDecorateMissingSecondTargetMemberNumber) {
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("OpGroupMemberDecorate %group %id0 42 %id1"),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpGroupMemberDecorate instruction, but "
+                 "found the end of the stream."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(TextToBinaryTest, GroupMemberDecorateInvalidSecondTargetMemberNumber) {
diff --git a/test/text_to_binary.barrier_test.cpp b/test/text_to_binary.barrier_test.cpp
index 545d26f..f1cb4fb 100644
--- a/test/text_to_binary.barrier_test.cpp
+++ b/test/text_to_binary.barrier_test.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@
 TEST_F(OpMemoryBarrier, BadMissingScopeId) {
   const std::string input = "OpMemoryBarrier\n";
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure(input),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpMemoryBarrier instruction, but found "
+                 "the end of the stream."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(OpMemoryBarrier, BadInvalidScopeId) {
@@ -55,7 +56,8 @@
 TEST_F(OpMemoryBarrier, BadMissingMemorySemanticsId) {
   const std::string input = "OpMemoryBarrier %scope\n";
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure(input),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpMemoryBarrier instruction, but found "
+                 "the end of the stream."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(OpMemoryBarrier, BadInvalidMemorySemanticsId) {
@@ -92,13 +94,16 @@
 
 TEST_F(NamedMemoryBarrierTest, ArgumentCount) {
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("OpMemoryNamedBarrier", SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpMemoryNamedBarrier instruction, but "
+                 "found the end of the stream."));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       CompileFailure("OpMemoryNamedBarrier %bar", SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
-      Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+      Eq("Expected operand for OpMemoryNamedBarrier instruction, but found the "
+         "end of the stream."));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       CompileFailure("OpMemoryNamedBarrier %bar %scope", SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
-      Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+      Eq("Expected operand for OpMemoryNamedBarrier instruction, but found the "
+         "end of the stream."));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       CompiledInstructions("OpMemoryNamedBarrier %bar %scope %semantics",
                            SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
@@ -151,10 +156,12 @@
 TEST_F(NamedBarrierInitializeTest, ArgumentCount) {
   EXPECT_THAT(
       CompileFailure("%bar = OpNamedBarrierInitialize", SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
-      Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+      Eq("Expected operand for OpNamedBarrierInitialize instruction, but found "
+         "the end of the stream."));
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("%bar = OpNamedBarrierInitialize %ype",
                              SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpNamedBarrierInitialize instruction, "
+                 "but found the end of the stream."));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       CompiledInstructions("%bar = OpNamedBarrierInitialize %type %count",
                            SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
diff --git a/test/text_to_binary.control_flow_test.cpp b/test/text_to_binary.control_flow_test.cpp
index 3e117b8..472cb6d 100644
--- a/test/text_to_binary.control_flow_test.cpp
+++ b/test/text_to_binary.control_flow_test.cpp
@@ -163,7 +163,8 @@
 
 TEST_F(TextToBinaryTest, SwitchBadMissingSelector) {
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("OpSwitch"),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpSwitch instruction, but found the end "
+                 "of the stream."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(TextToBinaryTest, SwitchBadInvalidSelector) {
@@ -173,7 +174,8 @@
 
 TEST_F(TextToBinaryTest, SwitchBadMissingDefault) {
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("OpSwitch %selector"),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpSwitch instruction, but found the end "
+                 "of the stream."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(TextToBinaryTest, SwitchBadInvalidDefault) {
@@ -195,7 +197,8 @@
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("%1 = OpTypeInt 32 0\n"
                              "%2 = OpConstant %1 52\n"
                              "OpSwitch %2 %default 12"),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpSwitch instruction, but found the end "
+                 "of the stream."));
 }
 
 // A test case for an OpSwitch.
@@ -379,7 +382,7 @@
        "OpTypeQueue",
        "OpTypePipe ReadOnly",
 
-       // Skip OpTypeForwardPointer becasuse it doesn't even produce a result
+       // Skip OpTypeForwardPointer because it doesn't even produce a result
        // ID.
 
        // At least one thing that isn't a type at all
diff --git a/test/text_to_binary.device_side_enqueue_test.cpp b/test/text_to_binary.device_side_enqueue_test.cpp
index 03d7e74..2f4dd70 100644
--- a/test/text_to_binary.device_side_enqueue_test.cpp
+++ b/test/text_to_binary.device_side_enqueue_test.cpp
@@ -83,7 +83,8 @@
       CompileFailure(
           "%result = OpEnqueueKernel %type %queue %flags %NDRange %num_events"
           " %wait_events %ret_event %invoke %param %param_size"),
-      Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+      Eq("Expected operand for OpEnqueueKernel instruction, but found the end "
+         "of the stream."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(OpKernelEnqueueBad, InvalidLastOperand) {
diff --git a/test/text_to_binary.extension_test.cpp b/test/text_to_binary.extension_test.cpp
index 1324206..3a592a0 100644
--- a/test/text_to_binary.extension_test.cpp
+++ b/test/text_to_binary.extension_test.cpp
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
                                                  SpvBuiltInSubgroupLtMask})},
             })));
 
-// The old builtin names (with KHR suffix) still work in the assmebler, and
+// The old builtin names (with KHR suffix) still work in the assembler, and
 // map to the enums without the KHR.
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
     SPV_KHR_shader_ballot_vulkan_1_1_alias_check, ExtensionAssemblyTest,
@@ -957,61 +957,62 @@
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
     SPV_KHR_integer_dot_product, ExtensionRoundTripTest,
     Combine(
-        Values(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0,
-               SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2),
+        Values(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5,
+               SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1,
+               SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3),
         ValuesIn(std::vector<AssemblyCase>{
             {"OpExtension \"SPV_KHR_integer_dot_product\"\n",
              MakeInstruction(SpvOpExtension,
                              MakeVector("SPV_KHR_integer_dot_product"))},
-            {"OpCapability DotProductInputAllKHR\n",
+            {"OpCapability DotProductInputAll\n",
              MakeInstruction(SpvOpCapability,
                              {SpvCapabilityDotProductInputAllKHR})},
-            {"OpCapability DotProductInput4x8BitKHR\n",
+            {"OpCapability DotProductInput4x8Bit\n",
              MakeInstruction(SpvOpCapability,
                              {SpvCapabilityDotProductInput4x8BitKHR})},
-            {"OpCapability DotProductInput4x8BitPackedKHR\n",
+            {"OpCapability DotProductInput4x8BitPacked\n",
              MakeInstruction(SpvOpCapability,
                              {SpvCapabilityDotProductInput4x8BitPackedKHR})},
-            {"OpCapability DotProductKHR\n",
+            {"OpCapability DotProduct\n",
              MakeInstruction(SpvOpCapability, {SpvCapabilityDotProductKHR})},
-            {"%2 = OpSDotKHR %1 %3 %4\n",
+            {"%2 = OpSDot %1 %3 %4\n",
              MakeInstruction(SpvOpSDotKHR, {1, 2, 3, 4})},
-            {"%2 = OpSDotKHR %1 %3 %4 PackedVectorFormat4x8BitKHR\n",
+            {"%2 = OpSDot %1 %3 %4 PackedVectorFormat4x8Bit\n",
              MakeInstruction(
                  SpvOpSDotKHR,
                  {1, 2, 3, 4,
                   SpvPackedVectorFormatPackedVectorFormat4x8BitKHR})},
-            {"%2 = OpUDotKHR %1 %3 %4\n",
+            {"%2 = OpUDot %1 %3 %4\n",
              MakeInstruction(SpvOpUDotKHR, {1, 2, 3, 4})},
-            {"%2 = OpUDotKHR %1 %3 %4 PackedVectorFormat4x8BitKHR\n",
+            {"%2 = OpUDot %1 %3 %4 PackedVectorFormat4x8Bit\n",
              MakeInstruction(
                  SpvOpUDotKHR,
                  {1, 2, 3, 4,
                   SpvPackedVectorFormatPackedVectorFormat4x8BitKHR})},
-            {"%2 = OpSUDotKHR %1 %3 %4\n",
+            {"%2 = OpSUDot %1 %3 %4\n",
              MakeInstruction(SpvOpSUDotKHR, {1, 2, 3, 4})},
-            {"%2 = OpSUDotKHR %1 %3 %4 PackedVectorFormat4x8BitKHR\n",
+            {"%2 = OpSUDot %1 %3 %4 PackedVectorFormat4x8Bit\n",
              MakeInstruction(
                  SpvOpSUDotKHR,
                  {1, 2, 3, 4,
                   SpvPackedVectorFormatPackedVectorFormat4x8BitKHR})},
-            {"%2 = OpSDotAccSatKHR %1 %3 %4 %5\n",
+            {"%2 = OpSDotAccSat %1 %3 %4 %5\n",
              MakeInstruction(SpvOpSDotAccSatKHR, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5})},
-            {"%2 = OpSDotAccSatKHR %1 %3 %4 %5 PackedVectorFormat4x8BitKHR\n",
+            {"%2 = OpSDotAccSat %1 %3 %4 %5 PackedVectorFormat4x8Bit\n",
              MakeInstruction(
                  SpvOpSDotAccSatKHR,
                  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
                   SpvPackedVectorFormatPackedVectorFormat4x8BitKHR})},
-            {"%2 = OpUDotAccSatKHR %1 %3 %4 %5\n",
+            {"%2 = OpUDotAccSat %1 %3 %4 %5\n",
              MakeInstruction(SpvOpUDotAccSatKHR, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5})},
-            {"%2 = OpUDotAccSatKHR %1 %3 %4 %5 PackedVectorFormat4x8BitKHR\n",
+            {"%2 = OpUDotAccSat %1 %3 %4 %5 PackedVectorFormat4x8Bit\n",
              MakeInstruction(
                  SpvOpUDotAccSatKHR,
                  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
                   SpvPackedVectorFormatPackedVectorFormat4x8BitKHR})},
-            {"%2 = OpSUDotAccSatKHR %1 %3 %4 %5\n",
+            {"%2 = OpSUDotAccSat %1 %3 %4 %5\n",
              MakeInstruction(SpvOpSUDotAccSatKHR, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5})},
-            {"%2 = OpSUDotAccSatKHR %1 %3 %4 %5 PackedVectorFormat4x8BitKHR\n",
+            {"%2 = OpSUDotAccSat %1 %3 %4 %5 PackedVectorFormat4x8Bit\n",
              MakeInstruction(
                  SpvOpSUDotAccSatKHR,
                  {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
@@ -1033,5 +1034,46 @@
                                  {SpvCapabilityBitInstructions})},
             })));
 
+// SPV_KHR_uniform_group_instructions
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+    SPV_KHR_uniform_group_instructions, ExtensionRoundTripTest,
+    Combine(
+        Values(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5,
+               SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1,
+               SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3),
+        ValuesIn(std::vector<AssemblyCase>{
+            {"OpExtension \"SPV_KHR_uniform_group_instructions\"\n",
+             MakeInstruction(SpvOpExtension,
+                             MakeVector("SPV_KHR_uniform_group_instructions"))},
+            {"OpCapability GroupUniformArithmeticKHR\n",
+             MakeInstruction(SpvOpCapability,
+                             {SpvCapabilityGroupUniformArithmeticKHR})},
+            {"%2 = OpGroupIMulKHR %1 %3 Reduce %4\n",
+             MakeInstruction(SpvOpGroupIMulKHR,
+                             {1, 2, 3, SpvGroupOperationReduce, 4})},
+            {"%2 = OpGroupFMulKHR %1 %3 Reduce %4\n",
+             MakeInstruction(SpvOpGroupFMulKHR,
+                             {1, 2, 3, SpvGroupOperationReduce, 4})},
+            {"%2 = OpGroupBitwiseAndKHR %1 %3 Reduce %4\n",
+             MakeInstruction(SpvOpGroupBitwiseAndKHR,
+                             {1, 2, 3, SpvGroupOperationReduce, 4})},
+            {"%2 = OpGroupBitwiseOrKHR %1 %3 Reduce %4\n",
+             MakeInstruction(SpvOpGroupBitwiseOrKHR,
+                             {1, 2, 3, SpvGroupOperationReduce, 4})},
+            {"%2 = OpGroupBitwiseXorKHR %1 %3 Reduce %4\n",
+             MakeInstruction(SpvOpGroupBitwiseXorKHR,
+                             {1, 2, 3, SpvGroupOperationReduce, 4})},
+            {"%2 = OpGroupLogicalAndKHR %1 %3 Reduce %4\n",
+             MakeInstruction(SpvOpGroupLogicalAndKHR,
+                             {1, 2, 3, SpvGroupOperationReduce, 4})},
+            {"%2 = OpGroupLogicalOrKHR %1 %3 Reduce %4\n",
+             MakeInstruction(SpvOpGroupLogicalOrKHR,
+                             {1, 2, 3, SpvGroupOperationReduce, 4})},
+            {"%2 = OpGroupLogicalXorKHR %1 %3 Reduce %4\n",
+             MakeInstruction(SpvOpGroupLogicalXorKHR,
+                             {1, 2, 3, SpvGroupOperationReduce, 4})},
+        })));
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/text_to_binary.image_test.cpp b/test/text_to_binary.image_test.cpp
index d445369..8d8ff43 100644
--- a/test/text_to_binary.image_test.cpp
+++ b/test/text_to_binary.image_test.cpp
@@ -123,7 +123,8 @@
 
 TEST_F(OpImageTest, MissingSampledImageOperand) {
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("%2 = OpImage %1"),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpImage instruction, but found the end "
+                 "of the stream."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(OpImageTest, InvalidSampledImageOperand) {
@@ -222,7 +223,8 @@
 
 TEST_F(OpImageSparseReadTest, MissingImageOperand) {
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("%2 = OpImageSparseRead %1"),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpImageSparseRead instruction, but "
+                 "found the end of the stream."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(OpImageSparseReadTest, InvalidImageOperand) {
@@ -232,7 +234,8 @@
 
 TEST_F(OpImageSparseReadTest, MissingCoordinateOperand) {
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("%2 = OpImageSparseRead %1 %2"),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpImageSparseRead instruction, but "
+                 "found the end of the stream."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(OpImageSparseReadTest, InvalidCoordinateOperand) {
diff --git a/test/text_to_binary.memory_test.cpp b/test/text_to_binary.memory_test.cpp
index 7b09ed5..f94c134 100644
--- a/test/text_to_binary.memory_test.cpp
+++ b/test/text_to_binary.memory_test.cpp
@@ -166,7 +166,8 @@
 TEST_F(MemoryRoundTripTest, OpCopyMemoryTooFewArgsBad) {
   std::string spirv = "OpCopyMemory %1\n";
   std::string err = CompileFailure(spirv);
-  EXPECT_THAT(err, HasSubstr("Expected operand, found end of stream"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(err, HasSubstr("Expected operand for OpCopyMemory instruction, "
+                             "but found the end of the stream."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(MemoryRoundTripTest, OpCopyMemoryTooManyArgsBad) {
@@ -295,7 +296,8 @@
 TEST_F(MemoryRoundTripTest, OpCopyMemorySizedTooFewArgsBad) {
   std::string spirv = "OpCopyMemorySized %1 %2\n";
   std::string err = CompileFailure(spirv);
-  EXPECT_THAT(err, HasSubstr("Expected operand, found end of stream"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(err, HasSubstr("Expected operand for OpCopyMemorySized "
+                             "instruction, but found the end of the stream."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(MemoryRoundTripTest, OpCopyMemorySizedTooManyArgsBad) {
diff --git a/test/text_to_binary.mode_setting_test.cpp b/test/text_to_binary.mode_setting_test.cpp
index 647bb3d..7f15c8b 100644
--- a/test/text_to_binary.mode_setting_test.cpp
+++ b/test/text_to_binary.mode_setting_test.cpp
@@ -290,7 +290,8 @@
 
 TEST_F(TextToBinaryCapability, BadMissingCapability) {
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("OpCapability"),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpCapability instruction, but found the "
+                 "end of the stream."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(TextToBinaryCapability, BadInvalidCapability) {
diff --git a/test/text_to_binary.pipe_storage_test.cpp b/test/text_to_binary.pipe_storage_test.cpp
index f74dbcf..955f5ef 100644
--- a/test/text_to_binary.pipe_storage_test.cpp
+++ b/test/text_to_binary.pipe_storage_test.cpp
@@ -59,10 +59,12 @@
          "'OpConstantPipeStorage'."));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       CompileFailure("%1 = OpConstantPipeStorage", SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
-      Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+      Eq("Expected operand for OpConstantPipeStorage instruction, but found "
+         "the end of the stream."));
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("%1 = OpConstantPipeStorage %2 3 4",
                              SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpConstantPipeStorage instruction, but "
+                 "found the end of the stream."));
   EXPECT_THAT(CompiledInstructions("%1 = OpConstantPipeStorage %2 3 4 5",
                                    SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
               Eq(MakeInstruction(SpvOpConstantPipeStorage, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5})));
@@ -101,10 +103,12 @@
          "'OpCreatePipeFromPipeStorage'."));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       CompileFailure("%1 = OpCreatePipeFromPipeStorage", SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
-      Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+      Eq("Expected operand for OpCreatePipeFromPipeStorage instruction, but "
+         "found the end of the stream."));
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("%1 = OpCreatePipeFromPipeStorage %2 OpNop",
                              SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found next instruction instead."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpCreatePipeFromPipeStorage "
+                 "instruction, but found the next instruction instead."));
   EXPECT_THAT(CompiledInstructions("%1 = OpCreatePipeFromPipeStorage %2 %3",
                                    SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
               Eq(MakeInstruction(SpvOpCreatePipeFromPipeStorage, {1, 2, 3})));
diff --git a/test/text_to_binary.subgroup_dispatch_test.cpp b/test/text_to_binary.subgroup_dispatch_test.cpp
index 967e3c3..8c40445 100644
--- a/test/text_to_binary.subgroup_dispatch_test.cpp
+++ b/test/text_to_binary.subgroup_dispatch_test.cpp
@@ -46,11 +46,13 @@
                  "found 'OpGetKernelLocalSizeForSubgroupCount'."));
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("%res = OpGetKernelLocalSizeForSubgroupCount",
                              SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpGetKernelLocalSizeForSubgroupCount "
+                 "instruction, but found the end of the stream."));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       CompileFailure("%1 = OpGetKernelLocalSizeForSubgroupCount %2 %3 %4 %5 %6",
                      SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
-      Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+      Eq("Expected operand for OpGetKernelLocalSizeForSubgroupCount "
+         "instruction, but found the end of the stream."));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       CompiledInstructions("%res = OpGetKernelLocalSizeForSubgroupCount %type "
                            "%sgcount %invoke %param %param_size %param_align",
@@ -93,10 +95,12 @@
          "'OpGetKernelMaxNumSubgroups'."));
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("%res = OpGetKernelMaxNumSubgroups",
                              SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpGetKernelMaxNumSubgroups instruction, "
+                 "but found the end of the stream."));
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("%1 = OpGetKernelMaxNumSubgroups %2 %3 %4 %5",
                              SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpGetKernelMaxNumSubgroups instruction, "
+                 "but found the end of the stream."));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       CompiledInstructions("%res = OpGetKernelMaxNumSubgroups %type "
                            "%invoke %param %param_size %param_align",
diff --git a/test/text_to_binary.type_declaration_test.cpp b/test/text_to_binary.type_declaration_test.cpp
index 1589188..65a2355 100644
--- a/test/text_to_binary.type_declaration_test.cpp
+++ b/test/text_to_binary.type_declaration_test.cpp
@@ -223,12 +223,14 @@
 
 TEST_F(OpTypeForwardPointerTest, MissingType) {
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("OpTypeForwardPointer"),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpTypeForwardPointer instruction, but "
+                 "found the end of the stream."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(OpTypeForwardPointerTest, MissingClass) {
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("OpTypeForwardPointer %pt"),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found end of stream."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpTypeForwardPointer instruction, but "
+                 "found the end of the stream."));
 }
 
 TEST_F(OpTypeForwardPointerTest, WrongClass) {
@@ -252,7 +254,8 @@
       Eq("Expected <result-id> at the beginning of an instruction, found "
          "'OpSizeOf'."));
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure("%res = OpSizeOf OpNop", SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
-              Eq("Expected operand, found next instruction instead."));
+              Eq("Expected operand for OpSizeOf instruction, but found the "
+                 "next instruction instead."));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       CompiledInstructions("%1 = OpSizeOf %2 %3", SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
       Eq(MakeInstruction(SpvOpSizeOf, {1, 2, 3})));
diff --git a/test/text_to_binary_test.cpp b/test/text_to_binary_test.cpp
index 99d9ed6..0b348e8 100644
--- a/test/text_to_binary_test.cpp
+++ b/test/text_to_binary_test.cpp
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
         {SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_FP_FAST_MATH_MODE, 1, "NotNaN"},
         {SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_FP_FAST_MATH_MODE, 2, "NotInf"},
         {SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_FP_FAST_MATH_MODE, 3, "NotNaN|NotInf"},
-        // Mask experssions are symmetric.
+        // Mask expressions are symmetric.
         {SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_FP_FAST_MATH_MODE, 3, "NotInf|NotNaN"},
         // Repeating a value has no effect.
         {SPV_OPERAND_TYPE_FP_FAST_MATH_MODE, 3, "NotInf|NotNaN|NotInf"},
diff --git a/test/tools/expect.py b/test/tools/expect.py
index 0b51adc..7351c02 100755
--- a/test/tools/expect.py
+++ b/test/tools/expect.py
@@ -285,6 +285,21 @@
     return True, ''
 
 
+class ValidObjectFile1_6(ReturnCodeIsZero, CorrectObjectFilePreamble):
+  """Mixin class for checking that every input file generates a valid SPIR-V 1.6
+    object file following the object file naming rule, and there is no output on
+    stdout/stderr."""
+
+  def check_object_file_preamble(self, status):
+    for input_filename in status.input_filenames:
+      object_filename = get_object_filename(input_filename)
+      success, message = self.verify_object_file_preamble(
+          os.path.join(status.directory, object_filename), 0x10600)
+      if not success:
+        return False, message
+    return True, ''
+
+
 class ValidObjectFileWithAssemblySubstr(SuccessfulReturn,
                                         CorrectObjectFilePreamble):
   """Mixin class for checking that every input file generates a valid object
diff --git a/test/tools/opt/flags.py b/test/tools/opt/flags.py
index c79f680..52a43c5 100644
--- a/test/tools/opt/flags.py
+++ b/test/tools/opt/flags.py
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 
 
 @inside_spirv_testsuite('SpirvOptBase')
-class TestAssemblyFileAsOnlyParameter(expect.ValidObjectFile1_5):
+class TestAssemblyFileAsOnlyParameter(expect.ValidObjectFile1_6):
   """Tests that spirv-opt accepts a SPIR-V object file."""
 
   shader = placeholder.FileSPIRVShader(empty_main_assembly(), '.spvasm')
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 
 
 @inside_spirv_testsuite('SpirvOptFlags')
-class TestValidPassFlags(expect.ValidObjectFile1_5,
+class TestValidPassFlags(expect.ValidObjectFile1_6,
                          expect.ExecutedListOfPasses):
   """Tests that spirv-opt accepts all valid optimization flags."""
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
       '--private-to-local', '--reduce-load-size', '--redundancy-elimination',
       '--remove-duplicates', '--replace-invalid-opcode', '--ssa-rewrite',
       '--scalar-replacement', '--scalar-replacement=42', '--strength-reduction',
-      '--strip-debug', '--strip-reflect', '--vector-dce', '--workaround-1209',
+      '--strip-debug', '--strip-nonsemantic', '--vector-dce', '--workaround-1209',
       '--unify-const', '--graphics-robust-access', '--wrap-opkill', '--amd-ext-to-khr'
   ]
   expected_passes = [
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
       'scalar-replacement=42',
       'strength-reduction',
       'strip-debug',
-      'strip-reflect',
+      'strip-nonsemantic',
       'vector-dce',
       'workaround-1209',
       'unify-const',
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
 
 
 @inside_spirv_testsuite('SpirvOptFlags')
-class TestPerformanceOptimizationPasses(expect.ValidObjectFile1_5,
+class TestPerformanceOptimizationPasses(expect.ValidObjectFile1_6,
                                         expect.ExecutedListOfPasses):
   """Tests that spirv-opt schedules all the passes triggered by -O."""
 
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
 
 
 @inside_spirv_testsuite('SpirvOptFlags')
-class TestSizeOptimizationPasses(expect.ValidObjectFile1_5,
+class TestSizeOptimizationPasses(expect.ValidObjectFile1_6,
                                  expect.ExecutedListOfPasses):
   """Tests that spirv-opt schedules all the passes triggered by -Os."""
 
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@
 
 
 @inside_spirv_testsuite('SpirvOptFlags')
-class TestLegalizationPasses(expect.ValidObjectFile1_5,
+class TestLegalizationPasses(expect.ValidObjectFile1_6,
                              expect.ExecutedListOfPasses):
   """Tests that spirv-opt schedules all the passes triggered by --legalize-hlsl.
   """
diff --git a/test/util/CMakeLists.txt b/test/util/CMakeLists.txt
index 6679dba..6808783 100644
--- a/test/util/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/util/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
   SRCS ilist_test.cpp
        bit_vector_test.cpp
        bitutils_test.cpp
+       hash_combine_test.cpp
+       pooled_linked_list_test.cpp
        small_vector_test.cpp
   LIBS SPIRV-Tools-opt
 )
diff --git a/test/util/hash_combine_test.cpp b/test/util/hash_combine_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cd1d87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/util/hash_combine_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 The Khronos Group Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "source/util/hash_combine.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace utils {
+namespace {
+
+using HashCombineTest = ::testing::Test;
+
+TEST(HashCombineTest, Identity) { EXPECT_EQ(hash_combine(0), 0); }
+
+TEST(HashCombineTest, Variadic) {
+  // Expect manual and variadic template versions be the same.
+  EXPECT_EQ(hash_combine(hash_combine(hash_combine(0, 1), 2), 3),
+            hash_combine(0, 1, 2, 3));
+}
+
+TEST(HashCombineTest, Vector) {
+  // Expect variadic and vector versions be the same.
+  EXPECT_EQ(hash_combine(0, std::vector<uint32_t>({1, 2, 3})),
+            hash_combine(0, 1, 2, 3));
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace utils
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/util/pooled_linked_list_test.cpp b/test/util/pooled_linked_list_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82fb4ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/util/pooled_linked_list_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021 The Khronos Group Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <list>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "source/util/pooled_linked_list.h"
+
+namespace spvtools {
+namespace utils {
+namespace {
+
+using PooledLinkedListTest = ::testing::Test;
+
+template <typename T>
+static std::vector<T> ToVector(const PooledLinkedList<T>& list) {
+  std::vector<T> vec;
+  for (auto it = list.begin(); it != list.end(); ++it) {
+    vec.push_back(*it);
+  }
+  return vec;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+static void AppendVector(PooledLinkedList<T>& list, const std::vector<T>& vec) {
+  for (const T& t : vec) {
+    list.push_back(t);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(PooledLinkedListTest, Empty) {
+  PooledLinkedListNodes<uint32_t> pool;
+  PooledLinkedList<uint32_t> ll(&pool);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ll.empty());
+
+  ll.push_back(1u);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(!ll.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(PooledLinkedListTest, Iterator) {
+  PooledLinkedListNodes<uint32_t> pool;
+  PooledLinkedList<uint32_t> ll(&pool);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(ll.begin(), ll.end());
+
+  ll.push_back(1);
+  EXPECT_NE(ll.begin(), ll.end());
+
+  auto it = ll.begin();
+  EXPECT_EQ(*it, 1);
+  ++it;
+  EXPECT_EQ(it, ll.end());
+}
+
+TEST(PooledLinkedListTest, Iterator_algorithms) {
+  PooledLinkedListNodes<uint32_t> pool;
+  PooledLinkedList<uint32_t> ll(&pool);
+
+  AppendVector(ll, {3, 2, 0, 1});
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::distance(ll.begin(), ll.end()), 4);
+  EXPECT_EQ(*std::min_element(ll.begin(), ll.end()), 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(*std::max_element(ll.begin(), ll.end()), 3);
+}
+
+TEST(PooledLinkedListTest, FrontBack) {
+  PooledLinkedListNodes<uint32_t> pool;
+  PooledLinkedList<uint32_t> ll(&pool);
+
+  ll.push_back(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ll.front(), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ll.back(), 1);
+
+  ll.push_back(2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ll.front(), 1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ll.back(), 2);
+}
+
+TEST(PooledLinkedListTest, PushBack) {
+  const std::vector<uint32_t> vec = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
+
+  PooledLinkedListNodes<uint32_t> pool;
+  PooledLinkedList<uint32_t> ll(&pool);
+
+  AppendVector(ll, vec);
+  EXPECT_EQ(vec, ToVector(ll));
+}
+
+TEST(PooledLinkedListTest, RemoveFirst) {
+  const std::vector<uint32_t> vec = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
+
+  PooledLinkedListNodes<uint32_t> pool;
+  PooledLinkedList<uint32_t> ll(&pool);
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ll.remove_first(0));
+  AppendVector(ll, vec);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(ll.remove_first(0));
+
+  std::vector<uint32_t> tmp = vec;
+  while (!tmp.empty()) {
+    size_t mid = tmp.size() / 2;
+    uint32_t elt = tmp[mid];
+    tmp.erase(tmp.begin() + mid);
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ll.remove_first(elt));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(ll.remove_first(elt));
+    EXPECT_EQ(tmp, ToVector(ll));
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ll.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(PooledLinkedListTest, RemoveFirst_Duplicates) {
+  const std::vector<uint32_t> vec = {3, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 5, 3, 6, 3};
+
+  PooledLinkedListNodes<uint32_t> pool;
+  PooledLinkedList<uint32_t> ll(&pool);
+  AppendVector(ll, vec);
+
+  std::vector<uint32_t> tmp = vec;
+  while (!tmp.empty()) {
+    size_t mid = tmp.size() / 2;
+    uint32_t elt = tmp[mid];
+    tmp.erase(std::find(tmp.begin(), tmp.end(), elt));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ll.remove_first(elt));
+    EXPECT_EQ(tmp, ToVector(ll));
+  }
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ll.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(PooledLinkedList, MoveTo) {
+  const std::vector<uint32_t> vec = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
+
+  PooledLinkedListNodes<uint32_t> pool;
+  PooledLinkedList<uint32_t> ll1(&pool);
+  PooledLinkedList<uint32_t> ll2(&pool);
+  PooledLinkedList<uint32_t> ll3(&pool);
+
+  AppendVector(ll1, vec);
+  AppendVector(ll2, vec);
+  AppendVector(ll3, vec);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pool.total_nodes(), vec.size() * 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pool.total_nodes(), vec.size() * 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pool.free_nodes(), 0);
+
+  // Move two lists to the new pool
+  PooledLinkedListNodes<uint32_t> pool_new;
+  ll1.move_nodes(&pool_new);
+  ll2.move_nodes(&pool_new);
+
+  // Moved nodes should belong to new pool
+  EXPECT_EQ(ll1.pool(), &pool_new);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ll2.pool(), &pool_new);
+
+  // Old pool should be smaller & have free nodes.
+  EXPECT_EQ(pool.used_nodes(), vec.size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(pool.free_nodes(), vec.size() * 2);
+
+  // New pool should be sized exactly and no free nodes.
+  EXPECT_EQ(pool_new.total_nodes(), vec.size() * 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pool_new.used_nodes(), vec.size() * 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(pool_new.free_nodes(), 0);
+
+  // All lists should be preserved
+  EXPECT_EQ(ToVector(ll1), vec);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ToVector(ll2), vec);
+  EXPECT_EQ(ToVector(ll3), vec);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+}  // namespace utils
+}  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/util/small_vector_test.cpp b/test/util/small_vector_test.cpp
index 01d7df1..b8f068e 100644
--- a/test/util/small_vector_test.cpp
+++ b/test/util/small_vector_test.cpp
@@ -56,6 +56,18 @@
   }
 }
 
+TEST(SmallVectorTest, Initialize_list3) {
+  std::vector<uint32_t> result = {0, 1, 2, 3};
+  SmallVector<uint32_t, 6> vec(result.begin(), result.end());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(vec.empty());
+  EXPECT_EQ(vec.size(), 4);
+
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < vec.size(); ++i) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(vec[i], result[i]);
+  }
+}
+
 TEST(SmallVectorTest, Initialize_copy1) {
   SmallVector<uint32_t, 6> vec1 = {0, 1, 2, 3};
   SmallVector<uint32_t, 6> vec2(vec1);
@@ -593,6 +605,68 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(vec, result);
 }
 
+TEST(SmallVectorTest, Pop_back) {
+  SmallVector<uint32_t, 8> vec = {0, 1, 2, 10, 10, 10};
+  SmallVector<uint32_t, 8> result = {0, 1, 2};
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(vec.size(), 6);
+  vec.pop_back();
+  vec.pop_back();
+  vec.pop_back();
+  EXPECT_EQ(vec.size(), 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(vec, result);
+}
+
+TEST(SmallVectorTest, Pop_back_TestDestructor) {
+  // Tracks number of constructions and destructions to ensure they are called.
+  struct TracksDtor {
+    TracksDtor& operator=(TracksDtor&&) = delete;
+    TracksDtor& operator=(const TracksDtor&) = delete;
+
+    TracksDtor(int& num_ctors, int& num_dtors)
+        : num_ctors_(num_ctors), num_dtors_(num_dtors) {
+      num_ctors_++;
+    }
+    TracksDtor(const TracksDtor& that)
+        : TracksDtor(that.num_ctors_, that.num_dtors_) {}
+    TracksDtor(TracksDtor&& that)
+        : TracksDtor(that.num_ctors_, that.num_dtors_) {}
+    ~TracksDtor() { num_dtors_++; }
+
+    int& num_ctors_;
+    int& num_dtors_;
+  };
+
+  constexpr int capacity = 4;
+  SmallVector<TracksDtor, capacity> vec;
+
+  int num_ctors = 0;
+  int num_dtors = 0;
+
+  // Make sure it works when staying within the smallvector capacity
+  for (int i = 0; i < capacity; ++i) {
+    vec.emplace_back(num_ctors, num_dtors);
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(num_ctors, capacity);
+  while (!vec.empty()) {
+    vec.pop_back();
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(num_ctors, capacity);
+  EXPECT_EQ(num_dtors, num_ctors);
+
+  // And when larger than builtin capacity
+  for (int i = 0; i < capacity * 2; ++i) {
+    vec.emplace_back(num_ctors, num_dtors);
+  }
+
+  while (!vec.empty()) {
+    vec.pop_back();
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(num_dtors, num_ctors);
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace utils
 }  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/val/val_annotation_test.cpp b/test/val/val_annotation_test.cpp
index 889c76c..bb30de0 100644
--- a/test/val/val_annotation_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_annotation_test.cpp
@@ -754,6 +754,8 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(text, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-06672"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr("decoration must not be applied to this storage class"));
@@ -794,6 +796,8 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(text, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-DescriptorSet-06491"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
               HasSubstr("must be in the StorageBuffer, Uniform, or "
                         "UniformConstant storage class"));
 }
diff --git a/test/val/val_arithmetics_test.cpp b/test/val/val_arithmetics_test.cpp
index 856ad02..4c093e9 100644
--- a/test/val/val_arithmetics_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_arithmetics_test.cpp
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr(
-          "Expected operands to have the same number of componenets: Dot"));
+          "Expected operands to have the same number of components: Dot"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateArithmetics, VectorTimesScalarSuccess) {
diff --git a/test/val/val_atomics_test.cpp b/test/val/val_atomics_test.cpp
index d1a030a..a0308d5 100644
--- a/test/val/val_atomics_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_atomics_test.cpp
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@
               AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04645"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
-      HasSubstr("in Vulkan evironment, Workgroup Storage Class is limited to "
+      HasSubstr("in Vulkan environment, Workgroup Storage Class is limited to "
                 "MeshNV, TaskNV, and GLCompute execution model"));
 }
 
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@
               AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04645"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
-      HasSubstr("in Vulkan evironment, Workgroup Storage Class is limited to "
+      HasSubstr("in Vulkan environment, Workgroup Storage Class is limited to "
                 "MeshNV, TaskNV, and GLCompute execution model"));
 }
 
diff --git a/test/val/val_bitwise_test.cpp b/test/val/val_bitwise_test.cpp
index 1001def..bebaa84 100644
--- a/test/val/val_bitwise_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_bitwise_test.cpp
@@ -340,6 +340,16 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions());
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitFieldInsertVulkanSuccess) {
+  const std::string body = R"(
+%val1 = OpBitFieldInsert %u32 %u32_1 %u32_2 %s32_1 %s32_2
+%val2 = OpBitFieldInsert %s32vec2 %s32vec2_12 %s32vec2_12 %s32_1 %u32_2
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCode(body).c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
+}
+
 TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitFieldInsertWrongResultType) {
   const std::string body = R"(
 %val1 = OpBitFieldInsert %bool %u64_1 %u64_2 %s32_1 %s32_2
@@ -350,7 +360,7 @@
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr(
-          "Expected int scalar or vector type as Result Type: BitFieldInsert"));
+          "Expected Base Type to be equal to Result Type: BitFieldInsert"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitFieldInsertWrongBaseType) {
@@ -403,6 +413,20 @@
       HasSubstr("Expected Count Type to be int scalar: BitFieldInsert"));
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitFieldInsertNot32Vulkan) {
+  const std::string body = R"(
+%val1 = OpBitFieldInsert %u64 %u64_1 %u64_2 %s32_1 %s32_2
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCode(body).c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Base-04781"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      getDiagnosticString(),
+      HasSubstr("Expected 32-bit int type for Base operand: BitFieldInsert"));
+}
+
 TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitFieldSExtractSuccess) {
   const std::string body = R"(
 %val1 = OpBitFieldSExtract %u64 %u64_1 %s32_1 %s32_2
@@ -413,6 +437,16 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions());
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitFieldSExtractVulkanSuccess) {
+  const std::string body = R"(
+%val1 = OpBitFieldSExtract %u32 %u32_1 %s32_1 %s32_2
+%val2 = OpBitFieldSExtract %s32vec2 %s32vec2_12 %s32_1 %u32_2
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCode(body).c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
+}
+
 TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitFieldSExtractWrongResultType) {
   const std::string body = R"(
 %val1 = OpBitFieldSExtract %bool %u64_1 %s32_1 %s32_2
@@ -420,9 +454,10 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCode(body).c_str());
   ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions());
-  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
-              HasSubstr("Expected int scalar or vector type as Result Type: "
-                        "BitFieldSExtract"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      getDiagnosticString(),
+      HasSubstr(
+          "Expected Base Type to be equal to Result Type: BitFieldSExtract"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitFieldSExtractWrongBaseType) {
@@ -462,6 +497,20 @@
       HasSubstr("Expected Count Type to be int scalar: BitFieldSExtract"));
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitFieldSExtractNot32Vulkan) {
+  const std::string body = R"(
+%val1 = OpBitFieldSExtract %u64 %u64_1 %s32_1 %s32_2
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCode(body).c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Base-04781"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      getDiagnosticString(),
+      HasSubstr("Expected 32-bit int type for Base operand: BitFieldSExtract"));
+}
+
 TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitReverseSuccess) {
   const std::string body = R"(
 %val1 = OpBitReverse %u64 %u64_1
@@ -472,6 +521,16 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions());
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitReverseVulkanSuccess) {
+  const std::string body = R"(
+%val1 = OpBitReverse %u32 %u32_1
+%val2 = OpBitReverse %s32vec2 %s32vec2_12
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCode(body).c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
+}
+
 TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitReverseWrongResultType) {
   const std::string body = R"(
 %val1 = OpBitReverse %bool %u64_1
@@ -481,8 +540,7 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions());
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
-      HasSubstr(
-          "Expected int scalar or vector type as Result Type: BitReverse"));
+      HasSubstr("Expected Base Type to be equal to Result Type: BitReverse"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitReverseWrongBaseType) {
@@ -497,16 +555,41 @@
       HasSubstr("Expected Base Type to be equal to Result Type: BitReverse"));
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitReverseNot32Vulkan) {
+  const std::string body = R"(
+%val1 = OpBitReverse %u64 %u64_1
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCode(body).c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Base-04781"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      getDiagnosticString(),
+      HasSubstr("Expected 32-bit int type for Base operand: BitReverse"));
+}
+
 TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitCountSuccess) {
   const std::string body = R"(
 %val1 = OpBitCount %s32 %u64_1
 %val2 = OpBitCount %u32vec2 %s32vec2_12
+%val3 = OpBitCount %s64 %s64_1
 )";
 
   CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCode(body).c_str());
   ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions());
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitCountVulkanSuccess) {
+  const std::string body = R"(
+%val1 = OpBitCount %s32 %u32_1
+%val2 = OpBitCount %u32vec2 %s32vec2_12
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCode(body).c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
+}
+
 TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitCountWrongResultType) {
   const std::string body = R"(
 %val1 = OpBitCount %bool %u64_1
@@ -524,11 +607,14 @@
 %val1 = OpBitCount %u32 %f64_1
 )";
 
-  CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCode(body).c_str());
-  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions());
+  CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCode(body).c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Base-04781"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
-      HasSubstr("Expected Base Type to be int scalar or vector: BitCount"));
+      HasSubstr(
+          "Expected int scalar or vector type for Base operand: BitCount"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitCountBaseWrongDimension) {
@@ -544,6 +630,19 @@
                 "BitCount"));
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateBitwise, OpBitCountNot32Vulkan) {
+  const std::string body = R"(
+%val1 = OpBitCount %s64 %s64_1
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCode(body).c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Base-04781"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("Expected 32-bit int type for Base operand: BitCount"));
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace val
 }  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/val/val_builtins_test.cpp b/test/val/val_builtins_test.cpp
index dff9adf..d749c5a 100644
--- a/test/val/val_builtins_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_builtins_test.cpp
@@ -93,7 +93,8 @@
     generator.extensions_ += extensions;
   }
 
-  generator.before_types_ = "OpMemberDecorate %built_in_type 0 BuiltIn ";
+  generator.before_types_ = R"(OpDecorate %built_in_type Block
+                               OpMemberDecorate %built_in_type 0 BuiltIn )";
   generator.before_types_ += built_in;
   generator.before_types_ += "\n";
 
@@ -251,7 +252,8 @@
     generator.extensions_ += extensions;
   }
 
-  generator.before_types_ = "OpMemberDecorate %built_in_type 0 BuiltIn ";
+  generator.before_types_ = R"(OpDecorate %built_in_type Block
+                              OpMemberDecorate %built_in_type 0 BuiltIn )";
   generator.before_types_ += built_in;
   generator.before_types_ += "\n";
 
@@ -3098,6 +3100,8 @@
   CodeGenerator generator = CodeGenerator::GetDefaultShaderCodeGenerator();
 
   generator.before_types_ = R"(
+OpDecorate %input_type Block
+OpDecorate %output_type Block
 OpMemberDecorate %input_type 0 BuiltIn FragCoord
 OpMemberDecorate %output_type 0 BuiltIn Position
 )";
@@ -3138,6 +3142,8 @@
   CodeGenerator generator = CodeGenerator::GetDefaultShaderCodeGenerator();
 
   generator.before_types_ = R"(
+OpDecorate %input_type Block
+OpDecorate %output_type Block
 OpMemberDecorate %input_type 0 BuiltIn Position
 OpMemberDecorate %output_type 0 BuiltIn FragCoord
 )";
@@ -3201,6 +3207,7 @@
 TEST_F(ValidateBuiltIns, FragmentPositionTwoEntryPoints) {
   CodeGenerator generator = CodeGenerator::GetDefaultShaderCodeGenerator();
   generator.before_types_ = R"(
+OpDecorate %output_type Block
 OpMemberDecorate %output_type 0 BuiltIn Position
 )";
 
@@ -3252,6 +3259,7 @@
   CodeGenerator generator = CodeGenerator::GetDefaultShaderCodeGenerator();
 
   generator.before_types_ = R"(
+OpDecorate %output_type Block
 OpMemberDecorate %output_type 0 BuiltIn FragDepth
 )";
 
@@ -3303,6 +3311,7 @@
   CodeGenerator generator = CodeGenerator::GetDefaultShaderCodeGenerator();
 
   generator.before_types_ = R"(
+OpDecorate %output_type Block
 OpMemberDecorate %output_type 0 BuiltIn FragDepth
 )";
 
@@ -3374,6 +3383,7 @@
 )";
 
   generator.before_types_ = R"(
+OpDecorate %input_type Block
 OpMemberDecorate %input_type 0 BuiltIn InstanceId
 )";
 
@@ -3609,6 +3619,7 @@
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint GLCompute %foo "foo"
 OpExecutionMode %foo LocalSize 1 1 1
+OpDecorate %struct Block
 OpMemberDecorate %struct 0 BuiltIn SubgroupEqMask
 %void = OpTypeVoid
 %int = OpTypeInt 32 0
@@ -3663,6 +3674,7 @@
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint GLCompute %foo "foo"
 OpExecutionMode %foo LocalSize 1 1 1
+OpDecorate %struct Block
 OpMemberDecorate %struct 0 BuiltIn SubgroupSize
 %void = OpTypeVoid
 %int = OpTypeInt 32 0
@@ -3723,6 +3735,7 @@
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint GLCompute %foo "foo"
 OpExecutionMode %foo LocalSize 1 1 1
+OpDecorate %struct Block
 OpMemberDecorate %struct 0 BuiltIn SubgroupId
 %void = OpTypeVoid
 %int = OpTypeInt 32 0
diff --git a/test/val/val_capability_test.cpp b/test/val/val_capability_test.cpp
index c432c3c..0d84caa 100644
--- a/test/val/val_capability_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_capability_test.cpp
@@ -2918,8 +2918,8 @@
            "StorageTexelBufferArrayNonUniformIndexing",
            "SPV_EXT_descriptor_indexing"),
       // SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer
-      IN15("PhysicalStorageBufferAddressesEXT",
-           "PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses", "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"),
+      IN15("PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses", "PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses",
+           "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"),
       // SPV_KHR_vulkan_memory_model
       IN15("VulkanMemoryModelKHR", "VulkanMemoryModel",
            "SPV_KHR_vulkan_memory_model"),
diff --git a/test/val/val_cfg_test.cpp b/test/val/val_cfg_test.cpp
index 311cfa7..7647746 100644
--- a/test/val/val_cfg_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_cfg_test.cpp
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
   /// Creates a Block with a given label
   ///
   /// @param[in]: label the label id of the block
-  /// @param[in]: type the branch instruciton that ends the block
+  /// @param[in]: type the branch instruction that ends the block
   explicit Block(std::string label, SpvOp type = SpvOpBranch)
       : label_(label), body_(), type_(type), successors_() {}
 
@@ -3523,7 +3523,7 @@
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr(
-          "OpSwitch must be preceeded by an OpSelectionMerge instruction"));
+          "OpSwitch must be preceded by an OpSelectionMerge instruction"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateCFG, MissingMergeSwitchBad2) {
@@ -3550,7 +3550,7 @@
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr(
-          "OpSwitch must be preceeded by an OpSelectionMerge instruction"));
+          "OpSwitch must be preceded by an OpSelectionMerge instruction"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateCFG, MissingMergeOneBranchToMergeGood) {
@@ -3622,7 +3622,7 @@
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr(
-          "OpSwitch must be preceeded by an OpSelectionMerge instruction"));
+          "OpSwitch must be preceded by an OpSelectionMerge instruction"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateCFG, MissingMergeOneUnseenTargetSwitchBad) {
@@ -3654,7 +3654,7 @@
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr(
-          "OpSwitch must be preceeded by an OpSelectionMerge instruction"));
+          "OpSwitch must be preceded by an OpSelectionMerge instruction"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateCFG, MissingMergeLoopBreakGood) {
@@ -4579,6 +4579,51 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_CFG, ValidateInstructions());
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateCFG, BranchConditionalDifferentTargetsPre1p6) {
+  const std::string text = R"(
+OpCapability Shader
+OpCapability Linkage
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%bool = OpTypeBool
+%undef = OpUndef %bool
+%void_fn = OpTypeFunction %void
+%func = OpFunction %void None %void_fn
+%entry = OpLabel
+OpBranchConditional %undef %target %target
+%target = OpLabel
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(text, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateCFG, BranchConditionalDifferentTargetsPost1p6) {
+  const std::string text = R"(
+OpCapability Shader
+OpCapability Linkage
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%bool = OpTypeBool
+%undef = OpUndef %bool
+%void_fn = OpTypeFunction %void
+%func = OpFunction %void None %void_fn
+%entry = OpLabel
+OpBranchConditional %undef %target %target
+%target = OpLabel
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(text, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("In SPIR-V 1.6 or later, True Label and False Label "
+                        "must be different labels"));
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace val
 }  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/val/val_conversion_test.cpp b/test/val/val_conversion_test.cpp
index b9802ec..94bd27d 100644
--- a/test/val/val_conversion_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_conversion_test.cpp
@@ -1557,7 +1557,7 @@
 OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpDecorate %val1 RestrictPointerEXT
+OpDecorate %val1 RestrictPointer
 %uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
 %u64_1 = OpConstant %uint64 1
 %ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
@@ -1615,7 +1615,7 @@
 OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpDecorate %val1 RestrictPointerEXT
+OpDecorate %val1 RestrictPointer
 %uint32 = OpTypeInt 32 0
 %uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
 %ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
diff --git a/test/val/val_data_test.cpp b/test/val/val_data_test.cpp
index 1d4c0e0..eef08a1 100644
--- a/test/val/val_data_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_data_test.cpp
@@ -767,6 +767,8 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(str.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeRuntimeArray-04680"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
               HasSubstr("In Vulkan, OpTypeRuntimeArray must only be used for "
                         "the last member of an OpTypeStruct\n  %_struct_3 = "
                         "OpTypeStruct %_runtimearr_uint %uint\n"));
diff --git a/test/val/val_decoration_test.cpp b/test/val/val_decoration_test.cpp
index f2953ed..2db44a4 100644
--- a/test/val/val_decoration_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_decoration_test.cpp
@@ -226,6 +226,7 @@
                OpCapability Shader
                OpCapability Linkage
                OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpDecorate %_struct_1 Block
                OpMemberDecorate %_struct_1 0 BuiltIn Position
                OpMemberDecorate %_struct_1 1 BuiltIn Position
                OpMemberDecorate %_struct_1 2 BuiltIn Position
@@ -243,6 +244,7 @@
                OpCapability Shader
                OpCapability Linkage
                OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpDecorate %_struct_1 Block
                OpMemberDecorate %_struct_1 0 BuiltIn Position
                OpMemberDecorate %_struct_1 1 BuiltIn Position
       %float = OpTypeFloat 32
@@ -265,6 +267,7 @@
                OpCapability Shader
                OpCapability Linkage
                OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpDecorate %_struct_1 Block
                OpMemberDecorate %_struct_1 0 BuiltIn Position
                OpMemberDecorate %_struct_1 1 BuiltIn Position
                OpMemberDecorate %_struct_1 2 BuiltIn Position
@@ -305,6 +308,8 @@
                OpEntryPoint Geometry %main "main" %in_1 %in_2
                OpExecutionMode %main InputPoints
                OpExecutionMode %main OutputPoints
+               OpDecorate %struct_1 Block
+               OpDecorate %struct_2 Block
                OpMemberDecorate %struct_1 0 BuiltIn InvocationId
                OpMemberDecorate %struct_2 0 BuiltIn Position
       %int = OpTypeInt 32 1
@@ -339,6 +344,8 @@
                OpEntryPoint Geometry %main "main" %in_1 %out_1
                OpExecutionMode %main InputPoints
                OpExecutionMode %main OutputPoints
+               OpDecorate %struct_1 Block
+               OpDecorate %struct_2 Block
                OpMemberDecorate %struct_1 0 BuiltIn InvocationId
                OpMemberDecorate %struct_2 0 BuiltIn Position
       %int = OpTypeInt 32 1
@@ -560,6 +567,8 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv, env);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(env));
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04915"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
               HasSubstr("A BuiltIn variable (id 2) cannot have any Location or "
                         "Component decorations"));
 }
@@ -594,10 +603,354 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv, env);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(env));
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04915"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
               HasSubstr("A BuiltIn variable (id 2) cannot have any Location or "
                         "Component decorations"));
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, LocationDecorationOnNumericTypeBad) {
+  const spv_target_env env = SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0;
+  std::string spirv = R"(
+               OpCapability Shader
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %fragCoord
+               OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+               OpDecorate %fragCoord Location 0
+               OpDecorate %v4float Location 1
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+      %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%ptr_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+  %fragCoord = OpVariable %ptr_v4float Output
+%non_interface = OpVariable %ptr_v4float Output
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+      %label = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(spirv, env);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(env));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("Location decoration on target <id> '3[%v4float]' must "
+                        "be a variable"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, LocationDecorationOnStructBad) {
+  const spv_target_env env = SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0;
+  std::string spirv = R"(
+               OpCapability Shader
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %fragCoord
+               OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+               OpDecorate %fragCoord Location 0
+               OpDecorate %struct Location 1
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+      %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+     %struct = OpTypeStruct %float
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%ptr_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+  %fragCoord = OpVariable %ptr_v4float Output
+%non_interface = OpVariable %ptr_v4float Output
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+      %label = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(spirv, env);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(env));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("Location decoration on target <id> '3[%_struct_3]' "
+                        "must be a variable"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateDecorations,
+       LocationDecorationUnusedNonInterfaceVariableVulkan_Ignored) {
+  const spv_target_env env = SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0;
+  std::string spirv = R"(
+               OpCapability Shader
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %fragCoord
+               OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpDecorate %fragCoord Location 0
+               OpDecorate %non_interface Location 1
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+      %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%ptr_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+  %fragCoord = OpVariable %ptr_v4float Output
+%non_interface = OpVariable %ptr_v4float Output
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+      %label = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(spirv, env);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(env));
+  EXPECT_EQ(getDiagnosticString(), "");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateDecorations,
+       LocationDecorationNonInterfaceStructVulkan_Ignored) {
+  const spv_target_env env = SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0;
+  std::string spirv = R"(
+              OpCapability Shader
+              OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+              OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %fragCoord
+              OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+              OpDecorate %fragCoord Location 0
+              OpMemberDecorate %block 0 Location 2
+              OpMemberDecorate %block 0 Component 1
+              OpDecorate %block Block
+      %void = OpTypeVoid
+    %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+     %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+      %vec3 = OpTypeVector %float 3
+%outvar_ptr = OpTypePointer Output %vec3
+ %fragCoord = OpVariable %outvar_ptr Output
+     %block = OpTypeStruct %vec3
+ %invar_ptr = OpTypePointer Input %block
+%non_interface = OpVariable %invar_ptr Input
+      %main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+     %label = OpLabel
+              OpReturn
+              OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(spirv, env);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(env));
+  EXPECT_EQ(getDiagnosticString(), "");
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, LocationDecorationNonInterfaceStructVulkanGood) {
+  const spv_target_env env = SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0;
+  std::string spirv = R"(
+              OpCapability Shader
+              OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+              OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %fragCoord %interface
+              OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+              OpDecorate %fragCoord Location 0
+              OpMemberDecorate %block 0 Location 2
+              OpMemberDecorate %block 0 Component 1
+              OpDecorate %block Block
+      %void = OpTypeVoid
+    %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+     %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+      %vec3 = OpTypeVector %float 3
+%outvar_ptr = OpTypePointer Output %vec3
+ %fragCoord = OpVariable %outvar_ptr Output
+     %block = OpTypeStruct %vec3
+ %invar_ptr = OpTypePointer Input %block
+ %interface = OpVariable %invar_ptr Input ;; this variable is unused. Ignore it
+      %main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+     %label = OpLabel
+              OpReturn
+              OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(spirv, env);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(env));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, LocationDecorationVariableNonStructVulkanBad) {
+  const spv_target_env env = SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0;
+  std::string spirv = R"(
+               OpCapability Shader
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %fragCoord %nonblock_var
+               OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpDecorate %fragCoord Location 0
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+      %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%ptr_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+  %fragCoord = OpVariable %ptr_v4float Output
+%nonblock_var = OpVariable %ptr_v4float Output
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+       %label = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(spirv, env);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(env));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04916"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("Variable must be decorated with a location"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, LocationDecorationVariableStructNoBlockVulkanBad) {
+  const spv_target_env env = SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0;
+  std::string spirv = R"(
+               OpCapability Shader
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %fragCoord %block_var
+               OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpDecorate %fragCoord Location 0
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+      %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%ptr_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+  %fragCoord = OpVariable %ptr_v4float Output
+      %block = OpTypeStruct %v4float
+  %block_ptr = OpTypePointer Output %block
+  %block_var = OpVariable %block_ptr Output
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+       %label = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(spirv, env);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(env));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04917"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("Variable must be decorated with a location"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, LocationDecorationVariableNoBlockVulkanGood) {
+  const spv_target_env env = SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0;
+  std::string spirv = R"(
+               OpCapability Shader
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %fragCoord %block_var
+               OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpDecorate %fragCoord Location 0
+               OpDecorate %block_var Location 1
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+      %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%ptr_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+  %fragCoord = OpVariable %ptr_v4float Output
+      %block = OpTypeStruct %v4float
+  %block_ptr = OpTypePointer Output %block
+  %block_var = OpVariable %block_ptr Output
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+       %label = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(spirv, env);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, LocationDecorationVariableExtraMemeberVulkan) {
+  const spv_target_env env = SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0;
+  std::string spirv = R"(
+               OpCapability Shader
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %fragCoord %block_var
+               OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpDecorate %fragCoord Location 0
+               OpDecorate %block Block
+               OpDecorate %block_var Location 1
+               OpMemberDecorate %block 0 Location 1
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+      %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%ptr_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+  %fragCoord = OpVariable %ptr_v4float Output
+      %block = OpTypeStruct %v4float
+  %block_ptr = OpTypePointer Output %block
+  %block_var = OpVariable %block_ptr Output
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+       %label = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(spirv, env);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(env));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04918"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("Members cannot be assigned a location"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, LocationDecorationVariableMissingMemeberVulkan) {
+  const spv_target_env env = SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0;
+  std::string spirv = R"(
+               OpCapability Shader
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %fragCoord %block_var
+               OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpDecorate %fragCoord Location 0
+               OpDecorate %block Block
+               OpMemberDecorate %block 0 Location 1
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+      %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%ptr_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+  %fragCoord = OpVariable %ptr_v4float Output
+      %block = OpTypeStruct %v4float %v4float
+  %block_ptr = OpTypePointer Output %block
+  %block_var = OpVariable %block_ptr Output
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+       %label = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(spirv, env);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(env));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04919"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("Member index 1 is missing a location assignment"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, LocationDecorationVariableOnlyMemeberVulkanGood) {
+  const spv_target_env env = SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0;
+  std::string spirv = R"(
+               OpCapability Shader
+               OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+               OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %fragCoord %block_var
+               OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+               OpSource GLSL 450
+               OpDecorate %fragCoord Location 0
+               OpDecorate %block Block
+               OpMemberDecorate %block 0 Location 1
+               OpMemberDecorate %block 1 Location 4
+       %void = OpTypeVoid
+      %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+      %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+    %v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%ptr_v4float = OpTypePointer Output %v4float
+  %fragCoord = OpVariable %ptr_v4float Output
+      %block = OpTypeStruct %v4float %v4float
+  %block_ptr = OpTypePointer Output %block
+  %block_var = OpVariable %block_ptr Output
+       %main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+       %label = OpLabel
+               OpReturn
+               OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(spirv, env);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState());
+}
+
 // #version 440
 // #extension GL_EXT_nonuniform_qualifier : enable
 // layout(binding = 1) uniform sampler2D s2d[];
@@ -2334,6 +2687,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID,
             ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PushConstant-06675"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
               HasSubstr("In Vulkan, BufferBlock is disallowed on variables in "
                         "the StorageBuffer storage class"));
 }
@@ -2528,8 +2883,10 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID,
             ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PushConstant-06675"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
               HasSubstr("PushConstant id '2' is missing Block decoration.\n"
-                        "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.1:\n"
+                        "From Vulkan spec:\n"
                         "Such variables must be identified with a Block "
                         "decoration"));
 }
@@ -2680,11 +3037,13 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID,
             ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpEntryPoint-06674"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr(
           "Entry point id '1' uses more than one PushConstant interface.\n"
-          "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.1:\n"
+          "From Vulkan spec:\n"
           "There must be no more than one push constant block "
           "statically used per shader entry point."));
 }
@@ -2791,11 +3150,13 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID,
             ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpEntryPoint-06674"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr(
           "Entry point id '1' uses more than one PushConstant interface.\n"
-          "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.1:\n"
+          "From Vulkan spec:\n"
           "There must be no more than one push constant block "
           "statically used per shader entry point."));
 }
@@ -2833,8 +3194,10 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID,
             ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-UniformConstant-06677"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
               HasSubstr("Uniform id '3' is missing DescriptorSet decoration.\n"
-                        "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\n"
+                        "From Vulkan spec:\n"
                         "These variables must have DescriptorSet and Binding "
                         "decorations specified"));
 }
@@ -2872,8 +3235,10 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID,
             ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-UniformConstant-06677"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
               HasSubstr("Uniform id '3' is missing Binding decoration.\n"
-                        "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\n"
+                        "From Vulkan spec:\n"
                         "These variables must have DescriptorSet and Binding "
                         "decorations specified"));
 }
@@ -2903,10 +3268,12 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID,
             ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-UniformConstant-06677"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr("UniformConstant id '2' is missing DescriptorSet decoration.\n"
-                "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\n"
+                "From Vulkan spec:\n"
                 "These variables must have DescriptorSet and Binding "
                 "decorations specified"));
 }
@@ -2936,10 +3303,12 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID,
             ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-UniformConstant-06677"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr("UniformConstant id '2' is missing Binding decoration.\n"
-                "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\n"
+                "From Vulkan spec:\n"
                 "These variables must have DescriptorSet and Binding "
                 "decorations specified"));
 }
@@ -2976,10 +3345,12 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID,
             ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-UniformConstant-06677"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr("StorageBuffer id '3' is missing DescriptorSet decoration.\n"
-                "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\n"
+                "From Vulkan spec:\n"
                 "These variables must have DescriptorSet and Binding "
                 "decorations specified"));
 }
@@ -3017,8 +3388,10 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID,
             ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-UniformConstant-06677"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
               HasSubstr("StorageBuffer id '3' is missing Binding decoration.\n"
-                        "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\n"
+                        "From Vulkan spec:\n"
                         "These variables must have DescriptorSet and Binding "
                         "decorations specified"));
 }
@@ -3061,10 +3434,12 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID,
             ValidateAndRetrieveValidationState(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-UniformConstant-06677"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr("StorageBuffer id '3' is missing DescriptorSet decoration.\n"
-                "From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\n"
+                "From Vulkan spec:\n"
                 "These variables must have DescriptorSet and Binding "
                 "decorations specified"));
 }
@@ -5590,16 +5965,16 @@
 
 TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, PSBAliasedRestrictPointerSuccess) {
   const std::string body = R"(
-OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddressesEXT
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
 OpCapability Int64
 OpCapability Shader
 OpExtension "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"
-OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64EXT GLSL450
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpDecorate %val1 RestrictPointerEXT
+OpDecorate %val1 RestrictPointer
 %uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
-%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBufferEXT %uint64
+%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
 %pptr_f = OpTypePointer Function %ptr
 %void = OpTypeVoid
 %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
@@ -5616,15 +5991,15 @@
 
 TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, PSBAliasedRestrictPointerMissing) {
   const std::string body = R"(
-OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddressesEXT
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
 OpCapability Int64
 OpCapability Shader
 OpExtension "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"
-OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64EXT GLSL450
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
 %uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
-%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBufferEXT %uint64
+%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
 %pptr_f = OpTypePointer Function %ptr
 %void = OpTypeVoid
 %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
@@ -5638,23 +6013,23 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(body.c_str());
   ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions());
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
-              HasSubstr("expected AliasedPointerEXT or RestrictPointerEXT for "
-                        "PhysicalStorageBufferEXT pointer"));
+              HasSubstr("expected AliasedPointer or RestrictPointer for "
+                        "PhysicalStorageBuffer pointer"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, PSBAliasedRestrictPointerBoth) {
   const std::string body = R"(
-OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddressesEXT
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
 OpCapability Int64
 OpCapability Shader
 OpExtension "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"
-OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64EXT GLSL450
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpDecorate %val1 RestrictPointerEXT
-OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointerEXT
+OpDecorate %val1 RestrictPointer
+OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointer
 %uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
-%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBufferEXT %uint64
+%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
 %pptr_f = OpTypePointer Function %ptr
 %void = OpTypeVoid
 %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
@@ -5667,24 +6042,23 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(body.c_str());
   ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions());
-  EXPECT_THAT(
-      getDiagnosticString(),
-      HasSubstr("can't specify both AliasedPointerEXT and RestrictPointerEXT "
-                "for PhysicalStorageBufferEXT pointer"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("can't specify both AliasedPointer and RestrictPointer "
+                        "for PhysicalStorageBuffer pointer"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, PSBAliasedRestrictFunctionParamSuccess) {
   const std::string body = R"(
-OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddressesEXT
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
 OpCapability Int64
 OpCapability Shader
 OpExtension "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"
-OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64EXT GLSL450
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
 OpDecorate %fparam Restrict
 %uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
-%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBufferEXT %uint64
+%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
 %void = OpTypeVoid
 %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
 %fnptr = OpTypeFunction %void %ptr
@@ -5705,15 +6079,15 @@
 
 TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, PSBAliasedRestrictFunctionParamMissing) {
   const std::string body = R"(
-OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddressesEXT
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
 OpCapability Int64
 OpCapability Shader
 OpExtension "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"
-OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64EXT GLSL450
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
 %uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
-%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBufferEXT %uint64
+%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
 %void = OpTypeVoid
 %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
 %fnptr = OpTypeFunction %void %ptr
@@ -5732,22 +6106,22 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions());
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
               HasSubstr("expected Aliased or Restrict for "
-                        "PhysicalStorageBufferEXT pointer"));
+                        "PhysicalStorageBuffer pointer"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, PSBAliasedRestrictFunctionParamBoth) {
   const std::string body = R"(
-OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddressesEXT
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
 OpCapability Int64
 OpCapability Shader
 OpExtension "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"
-OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64EXT GLSL450
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
 OpDecorate %fparam Restrict
 OpDecorate %fparam Aliased
 %uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
-%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBufferEXT %uint64
+%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
 %void = OpTypeVoid
 %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
 %fnptr = OpTypeFunction %void %ptr
@@ -5766,12 +6140,12 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions());
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
               HasSubstr("can't specify both Aliased and Restrict for "
-                        "PhysicalStorageBufferEXT pointer"));
+                        "PhysicalStorageBuffer pointer"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, PSBFPRoundingModeSuccess) {
   std::string spirv = R"(
-OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddressesEXT
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
 OpCapability Shader
 OpCapability Linkage
 OpCapability StorageBuffer16BitAccess
@@ -5779,14 +6153,14 @@
 OpExtension "SPV_KHR_storage_buffer_storage_class"
 OpExtension "SPV_KHR_variable_pointers"
 OpExtension "SPV_KHR_16bit_storage"
-OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64EXT GLSL450
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint GLCompute %main "main"
 OpDecorate %_ FPRoundingMode RTE
-OpDecorate %half_ptr_var AliasedPointerEXT
+OpDecorate %half_ptr_var AliasedPointer
 %half = OpTypeFloat 16
 %float = OpTypeFloat 32
 %float_1_25 = OpConstant %float 1.25
-%half_ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBufferEXT %half
+%half_ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %half
 %half_pptr_f = OpTypePointer Function %half_ptr
 %void = OpTypeVoid
 %func = OpTypeFunction %void
@@ -6806,7 +7180,9 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
-              HasSubstr("From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\nSuch variables "
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PushConstant-06675"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("From Vulkan spec:\nSuch variables "
                         "must be identified with a Block decoration"));
 }
 
@@ -6834,7 +7210,9 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
-              HasSubstr("From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\nSuch variables "
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PushConstant-06675"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("From Vulkan spec:\nSuch variables "
                         "must be identified with a Block decoration"));
 }
 
@@ -6863,7 +7241,9 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
-              HasSubstr("From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\nSuch variables "
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PushConstant-06675"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("From Vulkan spec:\nSuch variables "
                         "must be identified with a Block decoration"));
 }
 
@@ -6935,10 +7315,11 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
-  EXPECT_THAT(
-      getDiagnosticString(),
-      HasSubstr("From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\nSuch variables must be "
-                "identified with a Block or BufferBlock decoration"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Uniform-06676"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("From Vulkan spec:\nSuch variables must be "
+                        "identified with a Block or BufferBlock decoration"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, VulkanUniformArrayMissingBlock) {
@@ -6963,10 +7344,11 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
-  EXPECT_THAT(
-      getDiagnosticString(),
-      HasSubstr("From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\nSuch variables must be "
-                "identified with a Block or BufferBlock decoration"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Uniform-06676"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("From Vulkan spec:\nSuch variables must be "
+                        "identified with a Block or BufferBlock decoration"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, VulkanUniformRuntimeArrayMissingBlock) {
@@ -6992,10 +7374,11 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
-  EXPECT_THAT(
-      getDiagnosticString(),
-      HasSubstr("From Vulkan spec, section 14.5.2:\nSuch variables must be "
-                "identified with a Block or BufferBlock decoration"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Uniform-06676"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("From Vulkan spec:\nSuch variables must be "
+                        "identified with a Block or BufferBlock decoration"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateDecorations, VulkanArrayStrideZero) {
diff --git a/test/val/val_ext_inst_debug_test.cpp b/test/val/val_ext_inst_debug_test.cpp
index 307a800..554e78b 100644
--- a/test/val/val_ext_inst_debug_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_ext_inst_debug_test.cpp
@@ -1547,7 +1547,7 @@
                         "integer scalar type"));
 }
 
-TEST_F(ValidateVulkan100DebugInfo, DebugTypeArrayFailComponentCountZero) {
+TEST_F(ValidateVulkan100DebugInfo, DebugTypeArrayComponentCountZero) {
   const std::string src = R"(
 %src = OpString "simple.hlsl"
 %code = OpString "main() {}"
@@ -1574,12 +1574,7 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCodeForDebugInfo(
       src, constants, dbg_inst_header, "", extension, "Vertex"));
-  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions());
-  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
-              HasSubstr("Component Count must be OpConstant with a 32- or "
-                        "64-bits integer scalar type or DebugGlobalVariable or "
-                        "DebugLocalVariable with a 32- or 64-bits unsigned "
-                        "integer scalar type"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions());
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateVulkan100DebugInfo, DebugTypeArrayFailVariableSizeTypeFloat) {
@@ -1869,6 +1864,178 @@
                         "integer less than or equal to 4"));
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateVulkan100DebugInfo, DebugTypeMatrix) {
+  const std::string src = R"(
+%src = OpString "simple.hlsl"
+%code = OpString "main() {}"
+%float_name = OpString "float"
+)";
+
+  const std::string constants = R"(
+%u32_4 = OpConstant %u32 4
+%u32_5 = OpConstant %u32 5
+%u32_32 = OpConstant %u32 32
+%true = OpConstantTrue %bool
+)";
+
+  const std::string dbg_inst_header = R"(
+%dbg_src = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugSource %src %code
+%comp_unit = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugCompilationUnit %u32_2 %u32_4 %dbg_src %u32_5
+%float_info = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugTypeBasic %float_name %u32_32 %u32_3 %u32_0
+%vfloat_info = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugTypeVector %float_info %u32_4
+%mfloat_info = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugTypeMatrix %vfloat_info %u32_4 %true
+)";
+
+  const std::string extension = R"(
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info"
+%DbgExt = OpExtInstImport "NonSemantic.Shader.DebugInfo.100"
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCodeForDebugInfo(
+      src, constants, dbg_inst_header, "", extension, "Vertex"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateVulkan100DebugInfo, DebugTypeMatrixFailVectorTypeType) {
+  const std::string src = R"(
+%src = OpString "simple.hlsl"
+%code = OpString "main() {}"
+%float_name = OpString "float"
+)";
+
+  const std::string constants = R"(
+%u32_4 = OpConstant %u32 4
+%u32_5 = OpConstant %u32 5
+%u32_32 = OpConstant %u32 32
+%true = OpConstantTrue %bool
+)";
+
+  const std::string dbg_inst_header = R"(
+%dbg_src = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugSource %src %code
+%comp_unit = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugCompilationUnit %u32_2 %u32_4 %dbg_src %u32_5
+%float_info = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugTypeBasic %float_name %u32_32 %u32_3 %u32_0
+%vfloat_info = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugTypeVector %float_info %u32_4
+%mfloat_info = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugTypeMatrix %dbg_src %u32_4 %true
+)";
+
+  const std::string extension = R"(
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info"
+%DbgExt = OpExtInstImport "NonSemantic.Shader.DebugInfo.100"
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCodeForDebugInfo(
+      src, constants, dbg_inst_header, "", extension, "Vertex"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions());
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("expected operand Vector Type must be a result id of "
+                        "DebugTypeVector"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateVulkan100DebugInfo, DebugTypeMatrixFailVectorCountType) {
+  const std::string src = R"(
+%src = OpString "simple.hlsl"
+%code = OpString "main() {}"
+%float_name = OpString "float"
+)";
+
+  const std::string constants = R"(
+%u32_4 = OpConstant %u32 4
+%u32_5 = OpConstant %u32 5
+%u32_32 = OpConstant %u32 32
+%true = OpConstantTrue %bool
+)";
+
+  const std::string dbg_inst_header = R"(
+%dbg_src = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugSource %src %code
+%comp_unit = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugCompilationUnit %u32_2 %u32_4 %dbg_src %u32_5
+%float_info = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugTypeBasic %float_name %u32_32 %u32_3 %u32_0
+%vfloat_info = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugTypeVector %float_info %u32_4
+%mfloat_info = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugTypeMatrix %vfloat_info %dbg_src %true
+)";
+
+  const std::string extension = R"(
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info"
+%DbgExt = OpExtInstImport "NonSemantic.Shader.DebugInfo.100"
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCodeForDebugInfo(
+      src, constants, dbg_inst_header, "", extension, "Vertex"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions());
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("expected operand Vector Count must be a result id of "
+                        "32-bit unsigned OpConstant"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateVulkan100DebugInfo, DebugTypeMatrixFailVectorCountZero) {
+  const std::string src = R"(
+%src = OpString "simple.hlsl"
+%code = OpString "main() {}"
+%float_name = OpString "float"
+)";
+
+  const std::string constants = R"(
+%u32_4 = OpConstant %u32 4
+%u32_5 = OpConstant %u32 5
+%u32_32 = OpConstant %u32 32
+%true = OpConstantTrue %bool
+)";
+
+  const std::string dbg_inst_header = R"(
+%dbg_src = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugSource %src %code
+%comp_unit = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugCompilationUnit %u32_2 %u32_4 %dbg_src %u32_5
+%float_info = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugTypeBasic %float_name %u32_32 %u32_3 %u32_0
+%vfloat_info = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugTypeVector %float_info %u32_4
+%mfloat_info = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugTypeMatrix %vfloat_info %u32_0 %true
+)";
+
+  const std::string extension = R"(
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info"
+%DbgExt = OpExtInstImport "NonSemantic.Shader.DebugInfo.100"
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCodeForDebugInfo(
+      src, constants, dbg_inst_header, "", extension, "Vertex"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions());
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("Vector Count must be positive "
+                        "integer less than or equal to 4"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateVulkan100DebugInfo, DebugTypeMatrixFailVectorCountFive) {
+  const std::string src = R"(
+%src = OpString "simple.hlsl"
+%code = OpString "main() {}"
+%float_name = OpString "float"
+)";
+
+  const std::string constants = R"(
+%u32_4 = OpConstant %u32 4
+%u32_5 = OpConstant %u32 5
+%u32_32 = OpConstant %u32 32
+%true = OpConstantTrue %bool
+)";
+
+  const std::string dbg_inst_header = R"(
+%dbg_src = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugSource %src %code
+%comp_unit = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugCompilationUnit %u32_2 %u32_4 %dbg_src %u32_5
+%float_info = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugTypeBasic %float_name %u32_32 %u32_3 %u32_0
+%vfloat_info = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugTypeVector %float_info %u32_4
+%mfloat_info = OpExtInst %void %DbgExt DebugTypeMatrix %vfloat_info %u32_5 %true
+)";
+
+  const std::string extension = R"(
+OpExtension "SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info"
+%DbgExt = OpExtInstImport "NonSemantic.Shader.DebugInfo.100"
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCodeForDebugInfo(
+      src, constants, dbg_inst_header, "", extension, "Vertex"));
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions());
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("Vector Count must be positive "
+                        "integer less than or equal to 4"));
+}
+
 TEST_F(ValidateOpenCL100DebugInfo, DebugTypedef) {
   const std::string src = R"(
 %src = OpString "simple.hlsl"
diff --git a/test/val/val_ext_inst_test.cpp b/test/val/val_ext_inst_test.cpp
index 2b6df04..a2109db 100644
--- a/test/val/val_ext_inst_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_ext_inst_test.cpp
@@ -6045,6 +6045,18 @@
                         "declared without SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info"));
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateClspvReflection, DoesNotRequiresNonSemanticExtensionPost1p6) {
+  const std::string text = R"(
+OpCapability Shader
+OpCapability Linkage
+%1 = OpExtInstImport "NonSemantic.ClspvReflection.1"
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(text, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6));
+}
+
 TEST_F(ValidateClspvReflection, MissingVersion) {
   const std::string text = R"(
 OpCapability Shader
diff --git a/test/val/val_extension_spv_khr_terminate_invocation.cpp b/test/val/val_extension_spv_khr_terminate_invocation.cpp
index 4cabf9e..8d92414 100644
--- a/test/val/val_extension_spv_khr_terminate_invocation.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_extension_spv_khr_terminate_invocation.cpp
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions());
 }
 
-TEST_F(ValidateSpvKHRTerminateInvocation, RequiresExtension) {
+TEST_F(ValidateSpvKHRTerminateInvocation, RequiresExtensionPre1p6) {
   const std::string str = R"(
     OpCapability Shader
     OpMemoryModel Logical Simple
@@ -72,9 +72,30 @@
 )";
   CompileSuccessfully(str.c_str());
   EXPECT_NE(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions());
-  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
-              HasSubstr("TerminateInvocation requires one of the following "
-                        "extensions: SPV_KHR_terminate_invocation"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      getDiagnosticString(),
+      HasSubstr(
+          "TerminateInvocation requires SPIR-V version 1.6 at minimum or one "
+          "of the following extensions: SPV_KHR_terminate_invocation"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateSpvKHRTerminateInvocation, RequiresNoExtensionPost1p6) {
+  const std::string str = R"(
+    OpCapability Shader
+    OpMemoryModel Logical Simple
+    OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
+    OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+    
+    %void    = OpTypeVoid
+    %void_fn = OpTypeFunction %void
+
+    %main = OpFunction %void None %void_fn
+    %entry = OpLabel
+    OpTerminateInvocation
+    OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  CompileSuccessfully(str.c_str(), SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateSpvKHRTerminateInvocation, RequiresShaderCapability) {
diff --git a/test/val/val_fixtures.h b/test/val/val_fixtures.h
index acbe0e5..98d8d32 100644
--- a/test/val/val_fixtures.h
+++ b/test/val/val_fixtures.h
@@ -40,8 +40,10 @@
 
   // Assembles the given SPIR-V text, checks that it fails to assemble,
   // and returns resulting diagnostic.  No internal state is updated.
+  // Setting the desired_result to SPV_SUCCESS is used to allow all results
   std::string CompileFailure(std::string code,
-                             spv_target_env env = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0);
+                             spv_target_env env = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0,
+                             spv_result_t desired_result = SPV_SUCCESS);
 
   // Checks that 'code' is valid SPIR-V text representation and stores the
   // binary version for further method calls.
@@ -108,11 +110,17 @@
 
 template <typename T>
 std::string ValidateBase<T>::CompileFailure(std::string code,
-                                            spv_target_env env) {
+                                            spv_target_env env,
+                                            spv_result_t desired_result) {
   spv_diagnostic diagnostic = nullptr;
-  EXPECT_NE(SPV_SUCCESS,
-            spvTextToBinary(ScopedContext(env).context, code.c_str(),
-                            code.size(), &binary_, &diagnostic));
+  spv_result_t actual_result =
+      spvTextToBinary(ScopedContext(env).context, code.c_str(), code.size(),
+                      &binary_, &diagnostic);
+  EXPECT_NE(SPV_SUCCESS, actual_result);
+  // optional check for exact result
+  if (desired_result != SPV_SUCCESS) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(actual_result, desired_result);
+  }
   std::string result(diagnostic->error);
   spvDiagnosticDestroy(diagnostic);
   return result;
diff --git a/test/val/val_id_test.cpp b/test/val/val_id_test.cpp
index ac05749..69257a5 100644
--- a/test/val/val_id_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_id_test.cpp
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@
                 "type."));
 }
 // TODO: Object of this type can only be created with OpVariable using the
-// Unifrom Storage Class
+// Uniform Storage Class
 
 TEST_F(ValidateIdWithMessage, OpTypeStructGood) {
   std::string spirv = kGLSL450MemoryModel + R"(
@@ -2859,7 +2859,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions());
 }
 
-// Same code as the last test excect for an extra decoration on one of the
+// Same code as the last test except for an extra decoration on one of the
 // members. With the relaxed rules, the code is still valid.
 TEST_F(ValidateIdWithMessage, OpStoreTypeRelaxedStructWithExtraDecoration) {
   std::string spirv = kGLSL450MemoryModel + R"(
diff --git a/test/val/val_image_test.cpp b/test/val/val_image_test.cpp
index 11b14fb..76af29c 100644
--- a/test/val/val_image_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_image_test.cpp
@@ -61,8 +61,11 @@
 
   // In 1.4, the entry point must list all module-scope variables used.  Just
   // list all of them.
-  std::string interface_vars = (env != SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4) ? "" :
-                                                              R"(
+  //
+  // For Vulkan, anything Location decoration needs to be an interface variable
+  std::string interface_vars =
+      (env != SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4) ? "%input_flat_u32" :
+                                     R"(
 %uniform_image_f32_1d_0001
 %uniform_image_f32_1d_0002_rgba32f
 %uniform_image_f32_2d_0001
@@ -243,6 +246,11 @@
 %uniform_image_u32_2d_0001 = OpVariable %ptr_image_u32_2d_0001 UniformConstant
 %type_sampled_image_u32_2d_0001 = OpTypeSampledImage %type_image_u32_2d_0001
 
+%type_image_u32_3d_0001 = OpTypeImage %u32 3D 0 0 0 1 Unknown
+%ptr_image_u32_3d_0001 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %type_image_u32_3d_0001
+%uniform_image_u32_3d_0001 = OpVariable %ptr_image_u32_3d_0001 UniformConstant
+%type_sampled_image_u32_3d_0001 = OpTypeSampledImage %type_image_u32_3d_0001
+
 %type_image_u32_2d_0002 = OpTypeImage %u32 2D 0 0 0 2 Unknown
 %ptr_image_u32_2d_0002 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %type_image_u32_2d_0002
 %uniform_image_u32_2d_0002 = OpVariable %ptr_image_u32_2d_0002 UniformConstant
@@ -269,6 +277,11 @@
 %uniform_image_f32_3d_0111 = OpVariable %ptr_image_f32_3d_0111 UniformConstant
 %type_sampled_image_f32_3d_0111 = OpTypeSampledImage %type_image_f32_3d_0111
 
+%type_image_f32_3d_0001 = OpTypeImage %f32 3D 0 0 0 1 Unknown
+%ptr_image_f32_3d_0001 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %type_image_f32_3d_0001
+%uniform_image_f32_3d_0001 = OpVariable %ptr_image_f32_3d_0001 UniformConstant
+%type_sampled_image_f32_3d_0001 = OpTypeSampledImage %type_image_f32_3d_0001
+
 %type_image_f32_cube_0101 = OpTypeImage %f32 Cube 0 1 0 1 Unknown
 %ptr_image_f32_cube_0101 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %type_image_f32_cube_0101
 %uniform_image_f32_cube_0101 = OpVariable %ptr_image_f32_cube_0101 UniformConstant
@@ -735,6 +748,34 @@
               HasSubstr("Dim SubpassData requires Sampled to be 2"));
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateImage, TypeImageWrongSampledForSubpassDataVulkan) {
+  const std::string code = GetShaderHeader("OpCapability InputAttachment\n") +
+                           R"(
+%img_type = OpTypeImage %f32 SubpassData 0 0 0 1 Unknown
+)" + TrivialMain();
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(code.c_str());
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeImage-06214"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("Dim SubpassData requires Sampled to be 2"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateImage, TypeImageWrongArrayForSubpassDataVulkan) {
+  const std::string code = GetShaderHeader("OpCapability InputAttachment\n") +
+                           R"(
+%img_type = OpTypeImage %f32 SubpassData 0 1 0 2 Unknown
+)" + TrivialMain();
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(code.c_str());
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeImage-06214"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("Dim SubpassData requires Arrayed to be 0"));
+}
+
 TEST_F(ValidateImage, TypeImage_OpenCL_Sampled0_OK) {
   const std::string code = GetKernelHeader() + R"(
 %img_type = OpTypeImage %void 2D 0 0 0 0 Unknown ReadOnly
@@ -1002,6 +1043,26 @@
               HasSubstr("Expected Sampler to be of type OpTypeSampler"));
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateImage, SampledImageIsStorage) {
+  const std::string declarations = R"(
+%type_sampled_image_f32_2d_0002 = OpTypeSampledImage %type_image_f32_2d_0002
+)";
+  const std::string body = R"(
+%img = OpLoad %type_image_f32_2d_0002 %uniform_image_f32_2d_0002
+%sampler = OpLoad %type_sampler %uniform_sampler
+%simg = OpSampledImage %type_sampled_image_f32_2d_0002 %img %sampler
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCode(body, "", "Fragment", "",
+                                         SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, "GLSL450",
+                                         declarations)
+                          .c_str());
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions());
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("Sampled image type requires an image type with "
+                        "\"Sampled\" operand set to 0 or 1"));
+}
+
 TEST_F(ValidateImage, ImageTexelPointerSuccess) {
   const std::string body = R"(
 %texel_ptr = OpImageTexelPointer %ptr_Image_u32 %private_image_u32_buffer_0002_r32ui %u32_0 %u32_0
@@ -1059,7 +1120,7 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCode(body).c_str());
   ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions());
-  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(), HasSubstr("Operand 136[%136] cannot be a "
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(), HasSubstr("Operand 145[%145] cannot be a "
                                                "type"));
 }
 
@@ -2290,6 +2351,24 @@
               HasSubstr("Expected Dref to be of 32-bit float type"));
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateImage, SampleDrefImplicitLodWrongDimVulkan) {
+  const std::string body = R"(
+%img = OpLoad %type_image_u32_3d_0001 %uniform_image_u32_3d_0001
+%sampler = OpLoad %type_sampler %uniform_sampler
+%simg = OpSampledImage %type_sampled_image_u32_3d_0001 %img %sampler
+%res1 = OpImageSampleDrefImplicitLod %u32 %simg %f32vec3_hhh %f32_1
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(
+      GenerateShaderCode(body, "", "Fragment", "", SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0).c_str());
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpImage-04777"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("In Vulkan, OpImage*Dref* instructions must not use "
+                        "images with a 3D Dim"));
+}
+
 TEST_F(ValidateImage, SampleDrefExplicitLodSuccess) {
   const std::string body = R"(
 %img = OpLoad %type_image_s32_3d_0001 %uniform_image_s32_3d_0001
@@ -3131,7 +3210,7 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCode(body).c_str());
   ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions());
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
-              HasSubstr("Expected Image Operand ConstOffsets array componenets "
+              HasSubstr("Expected Image Operand ConstOffsets array components "
                         "to be int vectors of size 2"));
 }
 
@@ -3146,7 +3225,7 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(GenerateShaderCode(body).c_str());
   ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions());
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
-              HasSubstr("Expected Image Operand ConstOffsets array componenets "
+              HasSubstr("Expected Image Operand ConstOffsets array components "
                         "to be int vectors of size 2"));
 }
 
@@ -3246,6 +3325,23 @@
               HasSubstr("Expected Dref to be of 32-bit float type"));
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateImage, DrefGatherWrongDimVulkan) {
+  const std::string body = R"(
+%img = OpLoad %type_image_f32_3d_0001 %uniform_image_f32_3d_0001
+%sampler = OpLoad %type_sampler %uniform_sampler
+%simg = OpSampledImage %type_sampled_image_f32_3d_0001 %img %sampler
+%res1 = OpImageDrefGather %f32vec4 %simg %f32vec4_0000 %f32_0_5
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(
+      GenerateShaderCode(body, "", "Fragment", "", SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0).c_str());
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpImage-04777"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("Expected Image 'Dim' to be 2D, Cube, or Rect"));
+}
+
 TEST_F(ValidateImage, ReadSuccess1) {
   const std::string body = R"(
 %img = OpLoad %type_image_u32_2d_0002 %uniform_image_u32_2d_0002
@@ -5464,7 +5560,8 @@
 )";
 
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure(GenerateShaderCode(body, "", "Fragment", "",
-                                                SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3)),
+                                                SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3),
+                             SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ERROR_WRONG_VERSION),
               HasSubstr("Invalid image operand 'SignExtend'"));
 }
 
@@ -5475,7 +5572,8 @@
 )";
 
   EXPECT_THAT(CompileFailure(GenerateShaderCode(body, "", "Fragment", "",
-                                                SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3)),
+                                                SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3),
+                             SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ERROR_WRONG_VERSION),
               HasSubstr("Invalid image operand 'ZeroExtend'"));
 }
 
@@ -6099,6 +6197,57 @@
                         "execution mode for GLCompute execution model"));
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateImage, TypeSampledImageNotBufferPost1p6) {
+  const std::string text = R"(
+OpCapability Shader
+OpCapability Linkage
+OpCapability SampledBuffer
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+%float = OpTypeFloat 32
+%image = OpTypeImage %float Buffer 0 0 0 1 Unknown
+%sampled = OpTypeSampledImage %image
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(text, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("In SPIR-V 1.6 or later, sampled image dimension must "
+                        "not be Buffer"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateImage, NonTemporalImage) {
+  const std::string text = R"(
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %2 " " %4 %5
+OpExecutionMode %2 OriginUpperLeft
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%8 = OpTypeFunction %void
+%float = OpTypeFloat 32
+%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%12 = OpTypeImage %float 2D 0 0 0 1 Rgba8ui
+%13 = OpTypeSampledImage %12
+%_ptr_UniformConstant_13 = OpTypePointer UniformConstant %13
+%5 = OpVariable %_ptr_UniformConstant_13 UniformConstant
+%_ptr_Input_v4float = OpTypePointer Input %v4float
+%4 = OpVariable %_ptr_Input_v4float Input
+%v2float = OpTypeVector %float 2
+%float_1_35631564en19 = OpConstant %float 1.35631564e-19
+%2 = OpFunction %void None %8
+%8224 = OpLabel
+%6 = OpLoad %13 %5
+%19 = OpLoad %v4float %4
+%20 = OpVectorShuffle %v2float %19 %19 0 1
+%21 = OpVectorTimesScalar %v2float %20 %float_1_35631564en19
+%65312 = OpImageSampleImplicitLod %v4float %6 %21 Nontemporal
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(text, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6));
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace val
 }  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/val/val_interfaces_test.cpp b/test/val/val_interfaces_test.cpp
index a01fc19..bec8d02 100644
--- a/test/val/val_interfaces_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_interfaces_test.cpp
@@ -448,6 +448,8 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(text, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04918"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
               HasSubstr("Members cannot be assigned a location"));
 }
 
@@ -476,6 +478,8 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(text, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04918"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
               HasSubstr("Members cannot be assigned a location"));
 }
 
@@ -1496,6 +1500,42 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateInterfacesTest, StructWithBuiltinsMissingBlock_Bad) {
+  // See https://github.com/KhronosGroup/SPIRV-Registry/issues/134
+  //
+  // When a shader input or output is a struct that does not have Block,
+  // then it must have a Location.
+  // But BuiltIns must not have locations.
+  const std::string text = R"(
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %in
+OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+; %struct needs a Block decoration
+OpMemberDecorate %struct 0 BuiltIn Position
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%float = OpTypeFloat 32
+%v4float = OpTypeVector %float 4
+%struct = OpTypeStruct %v4float
+%in_ptr = OpTypePointer Input %struct
+%in = OpVariable %in_ptr Input
+%void_fn = OpTypeFunction %void
+%main = OpFunction %void None %void_fn
+%entry = OpLabel
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(text, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-Location-04919"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      getDiagnosticString(),
+      HasSubstr(
+          "Interface struct has no Block decoration but has BuiltIn members."));
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace val
 }  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/val/val_limits_test.cpp b/test/val/val_limits_test.cpp
index 8fb80a4..364d514 100644
--- a/test/val/val_limits_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_limits_test.cpp
@@ -750,7 +750,7 @@
 }
 
 // Valid. The purpose here is to test the CFG depth calculation code when a loop
-// continue target is the loop iteself. It also exercises the case where a loop
+// continue target is the loop itself. It also exercises the case where a loop
 // is unreachable.
 TEST_F(ValidateLimits, ControlFlowNoEntryToLoopGood) {
   std::string str = header + R"(
diff --git a/test/val/val_literals_test.cpp b/test/val/val_literals_test.cpp
index 6eadf32..7c9aad6 100644
--- a/test/val/val_literals_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_literals_test.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-// Validation tests for ilegal literals
+// Validation tests for illegal literals
 
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
diff --git a/test/val/val_logicals_test.cpp b/test/val/val_logicals_test.cpp
index b57c743..1b76c85 100644
--- a/test/val/val_logicals_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_logicals_test.cpp
@@ -1053,18 +1053,18 @@
 
 TEST_F(ValidateLogicals, PSBSelectSuccess) {
   const std::string body = R"(
-OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddressesEXT
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
 OpCapability Int64
 OpCapability Shader
 OpExtension "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"
-OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64EXT GLSL450
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointerEXT
+OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointer
 %uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
 %bool = OpTypeBool
 %true = OpConstantTrue %bool
-%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBufferEXT %uint64
+%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
 %pptr_f = OpTypePointer Function %ptr
 %void = OpTypeVoid
 %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
diff --git a/test/val/val_memory_test.cpp b/test/val/val_memory_test.cpp
index 2a884c4..5fb43f7 100644
--- a/test/val/val_memory_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_memory_test.cpp
@@ -833,11 +833,45 @@
 )";
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
-  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
-              HasSubstr("PushConstant OpVariable <id> '6[%6]' has illegal "
-                        "type.\nFrom Vulkan spec, section 14.5.1:\n"
-                        "Such variables must be typed as OpTypeStruct, "
-                        "or an array of this type"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      getDiagnosticString(),
+      HasSubstr("PushConstant OpVariable <id> '6[%6]' has illegal "
+                "type.\nFrom Vulkan spec, Push Constant Interface section:\n"
+                "Such variables must be typed as OpTypeStruct"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateMemory, VulkanPushConstantArrayOfStructBad) {
+  std::string spirv = R"(
+            OpCapability Shader
+            OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+            OpEntryPoint Fragment %1 "main"
+            OpExecutionMode %1 OriginUpperLeft
+
+            OpDecorate %struct Block
+            OpMemberDecorate %struct 0 Offset 0
+
+    %void = OpTypeVoid
+  %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+   %float = OpTypeFloat 32
+     %int = OpTypeInt 32 0
+   %int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+  %struct = OpTypeStruct %float
+   %array = OpTypeArray %struct %int_1
+     %ptr = OpTypePointer PushConstant %array
+      %pc = OpVariable %ptr PushConstant
+
+       %1 = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+   %label = OpLabel
+            OpReturn
+            OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+  CompileSuccessfully(spirv, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      getDiagnosticString(),
+      HasSubstr("PushConstant OpVariable <id> '10[%10]' has illegal "
+                "type.\nFrom Vulkan spec, Push Constant Interface section:\n"
+                "Such variables must be typed as OpTypeStruct"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateMemory, VulkanPushConstant) {
@@ -1563,16 +1597,16 @@
 
 TEST_F(ValidateMemory, PSBLoadAlignedSuccess) {
   const std::string body = R"(
-OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddressesEXT
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
 OpCapability Int64
 OpCapability Shader
 OpExtension "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"
-OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64EXT GLSL450
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointerEXT
+OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointer
 %uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
-%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBufferEXT %uint64
+%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
 %pptr_f = OpTypePointer Function %ptr
 %void = OpTypeVoid
 %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
@@ -1585,22 +1619,22 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
 
-  CompileSuccessfully(body.c_str());
-  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions());
+  CompileSuccessfully(body.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateMemory, PSBLoadAlignedMissing) {
   const std::string body = R"(
-OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddressesEXT
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
 OpCapability Int64
 OpCapability Shader
 OpExtension "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"
-OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64EXT GLSL450
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointerEXT
+OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointer
 %uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
-%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBufferEXT %uint64
+%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
 %pptr_f = OpTypePointer Function %ptr
 %void = OpTypeVoid
 %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
@@ -1613,27 +1647,61 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
 
-  CompileSuccessfully(body.c_str());
-  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions());
+  CompileSuccessfully(body.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PhysicalStorageBuffer64-04708"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
-      HasSubstr(
-          "Memory accesses with PhysicalStorageBufferEXT must use Aligned"));
+      HasSubstr("Memory accesses with PhysicalStorageBuffer must use Aligned"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateMemory, PSBLoadAlignedMissingWithOtherOperand) {
+  const std::string body = R"(
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
+OpCapability Int64
+OpCapability Shader
+OpExtension "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
+OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointer
+%uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
+%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
+%pptr_f = OpTypePointer Function %ptr
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+%main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+%entry = OpLabel
+%val1 = OpVariable %pptr_f Function
+%val2 = OpLoad %ptr %val1
+%val3 = OpLoad %uint64 %val2 Volatile
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(body.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PhysicalStorageBuffer64-04708"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      getDiagnosticString(),
+      HasSubstr("Memory accesses with PhysicalStorageBuffer must use Aligned"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateMemory, PSBStoreAlignedSuccess) {
   const std::string body = R"(
-OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddressesEXT
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
 OpCapability Int64
 OpCapability Shader
 OpExtension "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"
-OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64EXT GLSL450
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointerEXT
+OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointer
 %uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
 %u64_1 = OpConstant %uint64 1
-%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBufferEXT %uint64
+%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
 %pptr_f = OpTypePointer Function %ptr
 %void = OpTypeVoid
 %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
@@ -1646,23 +1714,23 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
 
-  CompileSuccessfully(body.c_str());
-  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions());
+  CompileSuccessfully(body.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateMemory, PSBStoreAlignedMissing) {
   const std::string body = R"(
-OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddressesEXT
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
 OpCapability Int64
 OpCapability Shader
 OpExtension "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"
-OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64EXT GLSL450
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointerEXT
+OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointer
 %uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
 %u64_1 = OpConstant %uint64 1
-%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBufferEXT %uint64
+%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
 %pptr_f = OpTypePointer Function %ptr
 %void = OpTypeVoid
 %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
@@ -1675,27 +1743,168 @@
 OpFunctionEnd
 )";
 
-  CompileSuccessfully(body.c_str());
-  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions());
+  CompileSuccessfully(body.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PhysicalStorageBuffer64-04708"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
-      HasSubstr(
-          "Memory accesses with PhysicalStorageBufferEXT must use Aligned"));
+      HasSubstr("Memory accesses with PhysicalStorageBuffer must use Aligned"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateMemory, PSBCopyMemoryAlignedSuccess) {
+  const std::string body = R"(
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
+OpCapability Int64
+OpCapability Shader
+OpExtension "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
+OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointer
+%int = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
+%u64_1 = OpConstant %uint64 1
+%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
+%pptr_f = OpTypePointer Function %ptr
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+%main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+%entry = OpLabel
+%val1 = OpVariable %pptr_f Function
+%val2 = OpLoad %ptr %val1
+%val3 = OpLoad %ptr %val1
+OpCopyMemory %val2 %val3 Aligned 4
+OpCopyMemory %val3 %val2 Aligned 4 Aligned 4
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(body.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateMemory, PSBCopyMemoryAlignedMissingTarget) {
+  const std::string body = R"(
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
+OpCapability Int64
+OpCapability Shader
+OpExtension "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
+OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointer
+%int = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
+%u64_1 = OpConstant %uint64 1
+%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
+%pptr_f = OpTypePointer Function %ptr
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+%main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+%entry = OpLabel
+%val1 = OpVariable %pptr_f Function
+%val2 = OpLoad %ptr %val1
+%val3 = OpLoad %ptr %val1
+OpCopyMemory %val2 %val3 Volatile Aligned 4
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(body.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PhysicalStorageBuffer64-04708"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      getDiagnosticString(),
+      HasSubstr("Memory accesses with PhysicalStorageBuffer must use Aligned"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateMemory, PSBCopyMemoryAlignedMissingSource) {
+  const std::string body = R"(
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
+OpCapability Int64
+OpCapability Shader
+OpExtension "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
+OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointer
+%int = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
+%u64_1 = OpConstant %uint64 1
+%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
+%pptr_f = OpTypePointer Function %ptr
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+%main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+%entry = OpLabel
+%val1 = OpVariable %pptr_f Function
+%val2 = OpLoad %ptr %val1
+%val3 = OpLoad %ptr %val1
+OpCopyMemory %val2 %val3 Aligned 4 Volatile
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(body.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PhysicalStorageBuffer64-04708"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      getDiagnosticString(),
+      HasSubstr("Memory accesses with PhysicalStorageBuffer must use Aligned"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateMemory, PSBCopyMemoryAlignedMissingBoth) {
+  const std::string body = R"(
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
+OpCapability Int64
+OpCapability Shader
+OpExtension "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
+OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointer
+%int = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
+%u64_1 = OpConstant %uint64 1
+%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
+%pptr_f = OpTypePointer Function %ptr
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
+%main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
+%entry = OpLabel
+%val1 = OpVariable %pptr_f Function
+%val2 = OpLoad %ptr %val1
+%val3 = OpLoad %ptr %val1
+OpCopyMemory %val2 %val3 Volatile
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(body.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2);
+  ASSERT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-PhysicalStorageBuffer64-04708"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(
+      getDiagnosticString(),
+      HasSubstr("Memory accesses with PhysicalStorageBuffer must use Aligned"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateMemory, PSBVariable) {
   const std::string body = R"(
-OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddressesEXT
+OpCapability PhysicalStorageBufferAddresses
 OpCapability Int64
 OpCapability Shader
 OpExtension "SPV_EXT_physical_storage_buffer"
-OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64EXT GLSL450
+OpMemoryModel PhysicalStorageBuffer64 GLSL450
 OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
-OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointerEXT
+OpDecorate %val1 AliasedPointer
 %uint64 = OpTypeInt 64 0
-%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBufferEXT %uint64
-%val1 = OpVariable %ptr PhysicalStorageBufferEXT
+%ptr = OpTypePointer PhysicalStorageBuffer %uint64
+%val1 = OpVariable %ptr PhysicalStorageBuffer
 %void = OpTypeVoid
 %voidfn = OpTypeFunction %void
 %main = OpFunction %void None %voidfn
@@ -1708,7 +1917,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions());
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
-      HasSubstr("PhysicalStorageBufferEXT must not be used with OpVariable"));
+      HasSubstr("PhysicalStorageBuffer must not be used with OpVariable"));
 }
 
 std::string GenCoopMatLoadStoreShader(const std::string& storeMemoryAccess,
@@ -2097,6 +2306,8 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeRuntimeArray-04680"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr(
@@ -2162,6 +2373,8 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeRuntimeArray-04680"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr("For Vulkan with RuntimeDescriptorArrayEXT, a variable "
@@ -2217,11 +2430,14 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeRuntimeArray-04680"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr(
           "For Vulkan, OpTypeStruct variables containing OpTypeRuntimeArray "
-          "must have storage class of StorageBuffer or Uniform.\n  %6 = "
+          "must have storage class of StorageBuffer, PhysicalStorageBuffer, or "
+          "Uniform.\n  %6 = "
           "OpVariable %_ptr_Workgroup__struct_4 Workgroup\n"));
 }
 
@@ -2247,9 +2463,12 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeRuntimeArray-04680"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
               HasSubstr("For Vulkan, an OpTypeStruct variable containing an "
                         "OpTypeRuntimeArray must be decorated with Block if it "
-                        "has storage class StorageBuffer.\n  %6 = OpVariable "
+                        "has storage class StorageBuffer or "
+                        "PhysicalStorageBuffer.\n  %6 = OpVariable "
                         "%_ptr_StorageBuffer__struct_4 StorageBuffer\n"));
 }
 
@@ -2301,6 +2520,8 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeRuntimeArray-04680"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
               HasSubstr("For Vulkan, an OpTypeStruct variable containing an "
                         "OpTypeRuntimeArray must be decorated with BufferBlock "
                         "if it has storage class Uniform.\n  %6 = OpVariable "
@@ -2328,6 +2549,8 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeRuntimeArray-04680"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr(
@@ -2361,6 +2584,8 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeRuntimeArray-04680"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr(
@@ -2423,6 +2648,8 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeRuntimeArray-04680"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr(
@@ -2459,6 +2686,8 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeRuntimeArray-04680"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr(
@@ -2490,6 +2719,8 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeRuntimeArray-04680"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr("OpTypeArray Element Type <id> '5[%_runtimearr_4]' is not "
@@ -2524,6 +2755,8 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeRuntimeArray-04680"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr(
@@ -2558,6 +2791,8 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeRuntimeArray-04680"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr(
@@ -2595,6 +2830,8 @@
 
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpTypeRuntimeArray-04680"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
       HasSubstr(
@@ -3015,8 +3252,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID,
               ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4));
     EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
-                HasSubstr("Instruction cannot be used without a variable "
-                          "pointers capability"));
+                HasSubstr("Instruction cannot for logical addressing model be "
+                          "used without a variable pointers capability"));
   }
 }
 
@@ -4048,7 +4285,7 @@
   const std::string spirv = R"(
 OpCapability Shader
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
-OpEntryPoint Vertex %main "main"
+OpEntryPoint Vertex %main "main" %var
 OpDecorate %var Location 0
 OpDecorate %var Invariant
 %void = OpTypeVoid
@@ -4070,7 +4307,7 @@
   const std::string spirv = R"(
 OpCapability Shader
 OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
-OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main" %var
 OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
 OpDecorate %var Location 0
 OpMemberDecorate %struct 1 Invariant
@@ -4259,8 +4496,10 @@
   CompileSuccessfully(spirv.c_str(), SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0);
   EXPECT_EQ(SPV_ERROR_INVALID_ID, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0));
   EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
-              HasSubstr("Variable initializers in Workgroup storage class are "
-                        "limited to OpConstantNull"));
+              AnyVUID(" VUID-StandaloneSpirv-OpVariable-04734"));
+  EXPECT_THAT(getDiagnosticString(),
+              HasSubstr("OpVariable, <id> '5[%5]', initializers are limited to "
+                        "OpConstantNull in Workgroup storage class"));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ValidateMemory, VulkanInitializerWithWorkgroupStorageClassGood) {
diff --git a/test/val/val_modes_test.cpp b/test/val/val_modes_test.cpp
index 02a6132..a37989b 100644
--- a/test/val/val_modes_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_modes_test.cpp
@@ -1178,6 +1178,26 @@
               HasSubstr("Expected bool scalar type as Result Type"));
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateMode, LocalSizeIdVulkan1p3DoesNotRequireOption) {
+  const std::string spirv = R"(
+OpCapability Shader
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint GLCompute %main "main"
+OpExecutionModeId %main LocalSizeId %int_1 %int_1 %int_1
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%int = OpTypeInt 32 0
+%int_1 = OpConstant %int 1
+%void_fn = OpTypeFunction %void
+%main = OpFunction %void None %void_fn
+%entry = OpLabel
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(spirv, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3));
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace val
 }  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/val/val_non_semantic_test.cpp b/test/val/val_non_semantic_test.cpp
index b80bb1a..210cd1a 100644
--- a/test/val/val_non_semantic_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_non_semantic_test.cpp
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
                                  Values(""), Values(TestResult())));
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
-    MissingOpExtension, ValidateNonSemanticGenerated,
+    MissingOpExtensionPre1p6, ValidateNonSemanticGenerated,
     Combine(Values(false), Values(true), Values(""), Values(""),
             Values(TestResult(
                 SPV_ERROR_INVALID_DATA,
@@ -190,6 +190,26 @@
               HasSubstr("ID 2[%2] has not been defined"));
 }
 
+TEST_F(ValidateNonSemanticString, MissingOpExtensionPost1p6) {
+  const std::string spirv = R"(
+OpCapability Shader
+%extinst = OpExtInstImport "NonSemantic.Testing.Set"
+OpMemoryModel Logical GLSL450
+OpEntryPoint Fragment %main "main"
+OpExecutionMode %main OriginUpperLeft
+%void = OpTypeVoid
+%test = OpExtInst %void %extinst 3
+%void_fn = OpTypeFunction %void
+%main = OpFunction %void None %void_fn
+%entry = OpLabel
+OpReturn
+OpFunctionEnd
+)";
+
+  CompileSuccessfully(spirv, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6);
+  EXPECT_EQ(SPV_SUCCESS, ValidateInstructions(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6));
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 }  // namespace val
 }  // namespace spvtools
diff --git a/test/val/val_storage_test.cpp b/test/val/val_storage_test.cpp
index 35f6a8d..ae4047b 100644
--- a/test/val/val_storage_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_storage_test.cpp
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@
               AnyVUID("VUID-StandaloneSpirv-None-04644"));
   EXPECT_THAT(
       getDiagnosticString(),
-      HasSubstr("in Vulkan evironment, Output Storage Class must not be used "
+      HasSubstr("in Vulkan environment, Output Storage Class must not be used "
                 "in GLCompute, RayGenerationKHR, IntersectionKHR, AnyHitKHR, "
                 "ClosestHitKHR, MissKHR, or CallableKHR execution models"));
 }
diff --git a/test/val/val_version_test.cpp b/test/val/val_version_test.cpp
index 98565dd..6b7c4fe 100644
--- a/test/val/val_version_test.cpp
+++ b/test/val/val_version_test.cpp
@@ -74,6 +74,12 @@
     case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4:
     case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4:
       return "1.4";
+    case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5:
+    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2:
+      return "1.5";
+    case SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6:
+    case SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3:
+      return "1.6";
     default:
       return "0";
   }
@@ -103,8 +109,14 @@
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0,    vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4,vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3,    vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_0,    vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_1,    vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_2,    vulkan_spirv, true),
@@ -115,8 +127,14 @@
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3,    vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_1,    vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_2,    vulkan_spirv, false),
@@ -127,8 +145,14 @@
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3,    vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_1,    vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_2,    vulkan_spirv, false),
@@ -139,13 +163,73 @@
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3,    vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_1,    vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_2,    vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_3,    vulkan_spirv, false),
-    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_5,    vulkan_spirv, false)
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_5,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_1,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_2,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_3,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_5,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_1,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_2,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_3,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_5,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_1,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_2,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_3,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_5,    vulkan_spirv, false)
   )
 );
 
@@ -156,27 +240,91 @@
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0,    vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3,    vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_0,    vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_1,    vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_2,    vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_3,    vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_5,    vulkan_spirv, true),
-    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, vulkan_spirv, true),
 
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3,    vulkan_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_1,    vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_2,    vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_3,    vulkan_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_5,    vulkan_spirv, false),
-    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, vulkan_spirv, true)
+
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_1,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_2,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_3,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_5,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_1,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_2,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_3,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_5,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6, vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4, vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3,    vulkan_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_0,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_1,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_2,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_3,    vulkan_spirv, false),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3, SPV_ENV_OPENGL_4_5,    vulkan_spirv, false)
   )
 );
 
@@ -187,6 +335,9 @@
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1,       opencl_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2,       opencl_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3,       opencl_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4,       opencl_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5,       opencl_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_0, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6,       opencl_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_0, SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_0,          opencl_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_0, SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_1,          opencl_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_0, SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_2,          opencl_spirv, true),
@@ -199,6 +350,9 @@
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1,       opencl_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2,       opencl_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3,       opencl_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4,       opencl_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5,       opencl_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_1, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6,       opencl_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_1, SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_0,          opencl_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_1, SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_1,          opencl_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_1, SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_2,          opencl_spirv, true),
@@ -211,6 +365,9 @@
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1,       opencl_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2,       opencl_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3,       opencl_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4,       opencl_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5,       opencl_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6,       opencl_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_2, SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_0,          opencl_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_2, SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_1,          opencl_spirv, false),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_2, SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_2,          opencl_spirv, true),
@@ -223,6 +380,9 @@
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1,       opencl_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2,       opencl_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3,       opencl_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4,       opencl_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5,       opencl_spirv, true),
+    std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_1_2, SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6,       opencl_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_1_2, SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_0,          opencl_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_1_2, SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_1,          opencl_spirv, true),
     std::make_tuple(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_1_2, SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_2,          opencl_spirv, true),
diff --git a/tools/CMakeLists.txt b/tools/CMakeLists.txt
index 6039089..86d0bc4 100644
--- a/tools/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tools/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -41,10 +41,11 @@
 
 if (NOT ${SPIRV_SKIP_EXECUTABLES})
   add_spvtools_tool(TARGET spirv-as SRCS as/as.cpp LIBS ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
+  add_spvtools_tool(TARGET spirv-diff SRCS diff/diff.cpp util/cli_consumer.cpp LIBS SPIRV-Tools-diff SPIRV-Tools-opt ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
   add_spvtools_tool(TARGET spirv-dis SRCS dis/dis.cpp LIBS ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
   add_spvtools_tool(TARGET spirv-val SRCS val/val.cpp util/cli_consumer.cpp LIBS ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
   add_spvtools_tool(TARGET spirv-opt SRCS opt/opt.cpp util/cli_consumer.cpp LIBS SPIRV-Tools-opt ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
-  if (NOT DEFINED IOS_PLATFORM) # iOS does not allow std::system calls which spirv-reduce requires
+  if(NOT (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} STREQUAL "iOS")) # iOS does not allow std::system calls which spirv-reduce requires
     add_spvtools_tool(TARGET spirv-reduce SRCS reduce/reduce.cpp util/cli_consumer.cpp LIBS SPIRV-Tools-reduce ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
   endif()
   add_spvtools_tool(TARGET spirv-link SRCS link/linker.cpp LIBS SPIRV-Tools-link ${SPIRV_TOOLS_FULL_VISIBILITY})
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@
                                                ${SPIRV_HEADER_INCLUDE_DIR})
   set(SPIRV_INSTALL_TARGETS spirv-as spirv-dis spirv-val spirv-opt
                             spirv-cfg spirv-link spirv-lint)
-  if(NOT DEFINED IOS_PLATFORM)
+  if(NOT (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} STREQUAL "iOS"))
     set(SPIRV_INSTALL_TARGETS ${SPIRV_INSTALL_TARGETS} spirv-reduce)
   endif()
 
@@ -68,9 +69,6 @@
   endif(SPIRV_BUILD_FUZZER)
 
   if(ENABLE_SPIRV_TOOLS_INSTALL)
-    install(TARGETS ${SPIRV_INSTALL_TARGETS}
-      RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
-      LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
-      ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
+    install(TARGETS ${SPIRV_INSTALL_TARGETS} DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})
   endif(ENABLE_SPIRV_TOOLS_INSTALL)
 endif()
diff --git a/tools/as/as.cpp b/tools/as/as.cpp
index c8a4445..506b058 100644
--- a/tools/as/as.cpp
+++ b/tools/as/as.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
       argv0, argv0, target_env_list.c_str());
 }
 
-static const auto kDefaultEnvironment = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5;
+static const auto kDefaultEnvironment = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6;
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   const char* inFile = nullptr;
diff --git a/tools/cfg/bin_to_dot.cpp b/tools/cfg/bin_to_dot.cpp
index 2561eea..72e7693 100644
--- a/tools/cfg/bin_to_dot.cpp
+++ b/tools/cfg/bin_to_dot.cpp
@@ -57,13 +57,13 @@
   // Ends processing for the current block, emitting its dot code.
   void FlushBlock(const std::vector<uint32_t>& successors);
 
-  // The ID of the current functio, or 0 if outside of a function.
+  // The ID of the current function, or 0 if outside of a function.
   uint32_t current_function_id_ = 0;
 
   // The ID of the current basic block, or 0 if outside of a block.
   uint32_t current_block_id_ = 0;
 
-  // Have we completed processing for the entry block to this fuction?
+  // Have we completed processing for the entry block to this function?
   bool seen_function_entry_block_ = false;
 
   // The Id of the merge block for this block if it exists, or 0 otherwise.
diff --git a/tools/cfg/bin_to_dot.h b/tools/cfg/bin_to_dot.h
index 4de2e07..a61c975 100644
--- a/tools/cfg/bin_to_dot.h
+++ b/tools/cfg/bin_to_dot.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #include "spirv-tools/libspirv.h"
 
 // Dumps the control flow graph for the given module to the output stream.
-// Returns SPV_SUCCESS on succes.
+// Returns SPV_SUCCESS on success.
 spv_result_t BinaryToDot(const spv_const_context context, const uint32_t* words,
                          size_t num_words, std::iostream* out,
                          spv_diagnostic* diagnostic);
diff --git a/tools/cfg/cfg.cpp b/tools/cfg/cfg.cpp
index 6a5faa1..5380c21 100644
--- a/tools/cfg/cfg.cpp
+++ b/tools/cfg/cfg.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
       argv0, argv0);
 }
 
-static const auto kDefaultEnvironment = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5;
+static const auto kDefaultEnvironment = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6;
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   const char* inFile = nullptr;
diff --git a/tools/diff/diff.cpp b/tools/diff/diff.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3cad04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/diff/diff.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2022 The Khronos Group Inc.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#if defined(__unix__) || (defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__))
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "source/diff/diff.h"
+
+#include "source/opt/build_module.h"
+#include "source/opt/ir_context.h"
+#include "spirv-tools/libspirv.hpp"
+#include "tools/io.h"
+#include "tools/util/cli_consumer.h"
+
+static void print_usage(char* argv0) {
+  printf(R"(%s - Compare two SPIR-V files
+
+Usage: %s <src_filename> <dst_filename>
+
+The SPIR-V binary is read from <src_filename> and <dst_filename>.  If either
+file ends in .spvasm, the SPIR-V is read as text and disassembled.
+
+The contents of the SPIR-V modules are analyzed and a diff is produced showing a
+logical transformation from src to dst, in src's id-space.
+
+  -h, --help      Print this help.
+  --version       Display diff version information.
+
+  --color         Force color output.  The default when printing to a terminal.
+                  Overrides a previous --no-color option.
+  --no-color      Don't print in color.  Overrides a previous --color option.
+                  The default when output goes to something other than a
+                  terminal (e.g. a pipe, or a shell redirection).
+
+  --no-indent     Don't indent instructions.
+
+  --no-header     Don't output the header as leading comments.
+
+  --with-id-map   Also output the mapping between src and dst outputs.
+
+  --ignore-set-binding
+                  Don't use set/binding decorations for variable matching.
+  --ignore-location
+                  Don't use location decorations for variable matching.
+)",
+         argv0, argv0);
+}
+
+static const auto kDefaultEnvironment = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6;
+
+static bool is_assembly(const char* path) {
+  const char* suffix = strrchr(path, '.');
+  if (suffix == nullptr) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return strcmp(suffix, ".spvasm") == 0;
+}
+
+static std::unique_ptr<spvtools::opt::IRContext> load_module(const char* path) {
+  if (is_assembly(path)) {
+    std::vector<char> contents;
+    if (!ReadTextFile<char>(path, &contents)) return {};
+
+    return spvtools::BuildModule(
+        kDefaultEnvironment, spvtools::utils::CLIMessageConsumer,
+        std::string(contents.begin(), contents.end()),
+        spvtools::SpirvTools::kDefaultAssembleOption |
+            SPV_TEXT_TO_BINARY_OPTION_PRESERVE_NUMERIC_IDS);
+  }
+
+  std::vector<uint32_t> contents;
+  if (!ReadBinaryFile<uint32_t>(path, &contents)) return {};
+
+  return spvtools::BuildModule(kDefaultEnvironment,
+                               spvtools::utils::CLIMessageConsumer,
+                               contents.data(), contents.size());
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  const char* src_file = nullptr;
+  const char* dst_file = nullptr;
+  bool color_is_possible =
+#if SPIRV_COLOR_TERMINAL
+      true;
+#else
+      false;
+#endif
+  bool force_color = false;
+  bool force_no_color = false;
+  bool allow_indent = true;
+  bool no_header = false;
+  bool dump_id_map = false;
+  bool ignore_set_binding = false;
+  bool ignore_location = false;
+
+  for (int argi = 1; argi < argc; ++argi) {
+    if ('-' == argv[argi][0]) {
+      switch (argv[argi][1]) {
+        case 'h':
+          print_usage(argv[0]);
+          return 0;
+        case '-': {
+          // Long options
+          if (strcmp(argv[argi], "--no-color") == 0) {
+            force_no_color = true;
+            force_color = false;
+          } else if (strcmp(argv[argi], "--color") == 0) {
+            force_no_color = false;
+            force_color = true;
+          } else if (strcmp(argv[argi], "--no-indent") == 0) {
+            allow_indent = false;
+          } else if (strcmp(argv[argi], "--no-header") == 0) {
+            no_header = true;
+          } else if (strcmp(argv[argi], "--with-id-map") == 0) {
+            dump_id_map = true;
+          } else if (strcmp(argv[argi], "--ignore-set-binding") == 0) {
+            ignore_set_binding = true;
+          } else if (strcmp(argv[argi], "--ignore-location") == 0) {
+            ignore_location = true;
+          } else if (strcmp(argv[argi], "--help") == 0) {
+            print_usage(argv[0]);
+            return 0;
+          } else if (strcmp(argv[argi], "--version") == 0) {
+            printf("%s\n", spvSoftwareVersionDetailsString());
+            printf("Target: %s\n",
+                   spvTargetEnvDescription(kDefaultEnvironment));
+            return 0;
+          } else {
+            print_usage(argv[0]);
+            return 1;
+          }
+        } break;
+        default:
+          print_usage(argv[0]);
+          return 1;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (src_file == nullptr) {
+        src_file = argv[argi];
+      } else if (dst_file == nullptr) {
+        dst_file = argv[argi];
+      } else {
+        fprintf(stderr, "error: More than two input files specified\n");
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (src_file == nullptr || dst_file == nullptr) {
+    print_usage(argv[0]);
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  spvtools::diff::Options options;
+
+  if (allow_indent) options.indent = true;
+  if (no_header) options.no_header = true;
+  if (dump_id_map) options.dump_id_map = true;
+  if (ignore_set_binding) options.ignore_set_binding = true;
+  if (ignore_location) options.ignore_location = true;
+
+  if (color_is_possible && !force_no_color) {
+    bool output_is_tty = true;
+#if defined(_POSIX_VERSION)
+    output_is_tty = isatty(fileno(stdout));
+#endif
+    if (output_is_tty || force_color) {
+      options.color_output = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<spvtools::opt::IRContext> src = load_module(src_file);
+  std::unique_ptr<spvtools::opt::IRContext> dst = load_module(dst_file);
+
+  if (!src) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "error: Loading src file\n");
+  }
+  if (!dst) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "error: Loading dst file\n");
+  }
+  if (!src || !dst) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  spvtools::diff::Diff(src.get(), dst.get(), std::cout, options);
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/tools/fuzz/fuzz.cpp b/tools/fuzz/fuzz.cpp
index 306f925..ca6633a 100644
--- a/tools/fuzz/fuzz.cpp
+++ b/tools/fuzz/fuzz.cpp
@@ -673,19 +673,6 @@
   transformations_file.close();
 }
 
-// The Chromium project applies the following patch to the protobuf library:
-//
-// source.chromium.org/chromium/chromium/src/+/main:third_party/protobuf/patches/0003-remove-static-initializers.patch
-//
-// This affects how Status objects must be constructed. This method provides a
-// convenient way to get the OK status that works both with and without the
-// patch. With the patch OK is a StatusPod, from which a Status can be
-// constructed. Without the patch, OK is already a Status, and we harmlessly
-// copy-construct the result from it.
-google::protobuf::util::Status GetProtobufOkStatus() {
-  return google::protobuf::util::Status(google::protobuf::util::Status::OK);
-}
-
 // Dumps |transformations| to file |filename| in JSON format. Useful for
 // interactive debugging.
 void DumpTransformationsJson(
@@ -696,7 +683,7 @@
   json_options.add_whitespace = true;
   auto json_generation_status = google::protobuf::util::MessageToJsonString(
       transformations, &json_string, json_options);
-  if (json_generation_status == GetProtobufOkStatus()) {
+  if (json_generation_status.ok()) {
     std::ofstream transformations_json_file(filename);
     transformations_json_file << json_string;
     transformations_json_file.close();
@@ -747,8 +734,9 @@
     std::string facts_json_string((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(facts_input)),
                                   std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
     facts_input.close();
-    if (GetProtobufOkStatus() != google::protobuf::util::JsonStringToMessage(
-                                     facts_json_string, &initial_facts)) {
+    if (!google::protobuf::util::JsonStringToMessage(facts_json_string,
+                                                     &initial_facts)
+             .ok()) {
       spvtools::Error(FuzzDiagnostic, nullptr, {}, "Error reading facts data");
       return 1;
     }
@@ -828,7 +816,7 @@
     json_options.add_whitespace = true;
     auto json_generation_status = google::protobuf::util::MessageToJsonString(
         transformations_applied, &json_string, json_options);
-    if (json_generation_status != GetProtobufOkStatus()) {
+    if (!json_generation_status.ok()) {
       spvtools::Error(FuzzDiagnostic, nullptr, {},
                       "Error writing out transformations in JSON format");
       return 1;
diff --git a/tools/link/linker.cpp b/tools/link/linker.cpp
index 359e803..bdddeb8 100644
--- a/tools/link/linker.cpp
+++ b/tools/link/linker.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-const auto kDefaultEnvironment = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5;
+const auto kDefaultEnvironment = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6;
 
 void print_usage(const char* program) {
   std::string target_env_list = spvTargetEnvList(16, 80);
@@ -49,15 +49,18 @@
   --create-library
                Link the binaries into a library, keeping all exported symbols.
   -h, --help
-                  Print this help.
+               Print this help.
   --target-env <env>
-               Set the target environment. Without this flag the target
-               environment defaults to spv1.5. <env> must be one of
-               {%s}
+               Set the environment used for interpreting the inputs. Without
+               this option the environment defaults to spv1.6. <env> must be
+               one of {%s}.
+               NOTE: The SPIR-V version used by the linked binary module
+               depends only on the version of the inputs, and is not affected
+               by this option.
   --verify-ids
                Verify that IDs in the resulting modules are truly unique.
   --version
-               Display linker version information
+               Display linker version information.
 )",
       program, program, target_env_list.c_str());
 }
@@ -160,10 +163,11 @@
 
   std::vector<uint32_t> linkingResult;
   spv_result_t status = Link(context, contents, &linkingResult, options);
+  if (status != SPV_SUCCESS && status != SPV_WARNING) return 1;
 
   if (!WriteFile<uint32_t>(outFile, "wb", linkingResult.data(),
                            linkingResult.size()))
     return 1;
 
-  return status == SPV_SUCCESS ? 0 : 1;
+  return 0;
 }
diff --git a/tools/lint/lint.cpp b/tools/lint/lint.cpp
index 5c2a82a..d37df83 100644
--- a/tools/lint/lint.cpp
+++ b/tools/lint/lint.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #include "tools/io.h"
 #include "tools/util/cli_consumer.h"
 
-const auto kDefaultEnvironment = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5;
+const auto kDefaultEnvironment = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6;
 
 namespace {
 // Status and actions to perform after parsing command-line arguments.
diff --git a/tools/opt/opt.cpp b/tools/opt/opt.cpp
index 04f81b8..0129478 100644
--- a/tools/opt/opt.cpp
+++ b/tools/opt/opt.cpp
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 // initialization and setup. Note that |source| and |position| are irrelevant
 // here because we are still not processing a SPIR-V input file.
 void opt_diagnostic(spv_message_level_t level, const char* /*source*/,
-                    const spv_position_t& /*positon*/, const char* message) {
+                    const spv_position_t& /*position*/, const char* message) {
   if (level == SPV_MSG_ERROR) {
     fprintf(stderr, "error: ");
   }
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
   return ss.str();
 }
 
-const auto kDefaultEnvironment = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5;
+const auto kDefaultEnvironment = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6;
 
 std::string GetLegalizationPasses() {
   spvtools::Optimizer optimizer(kDefaultEnvironment);
@@ -168,6 +168,16 @@
                with a switch that has a case for every possible value of the
                index.)");
   printf(R"(
+  --spread-volatile-semantics
+               Spread Volatile semantics to variables with SMIDNV, WarpIDNV,
+               SubgroupSize, SubgroupLocalInvocationId, SubgroupEqMask,
+               SubgroupGeMask, SubgroupGtMask, SubgroupLeMask, or SubgroupLtMask
+               BuiltIn decorations or OpLoad for them when the shader model is
+               ray generation, closest hit, miss, intersection, or callable.
+               For the SPIR-V version is 1.6 or above, it also spreads Volatile
+               semantics to a variable with HelperInvocation BuiltIn decoration
+               in the fragement shader.)");
+  printf(R"(
   --descriptor-scalar-replacement
                Replaces every array variable |desc| that has a DescriptorSet
                and Binding decorations with a new variable for each element of
@@ -198,6 +208,10 @@
                unused stores to vector components, that are not removed by
                aggressive dead code elimination.)");
   printf(R"(
+  --eliminate-dead-input-components
+               Deletes unused components from input variables. Currently
+               deletes trailing unused elements from input arrays.)");
+  printf(R"(
   --eliminate-dead-variables
                Deletes module scope variables that are not referenced.)");
   printf(R"(
@@ -479,10 +493,13 @@
   --strip-debug
                Remove all debug instructions.)");
   printf(R"(
+  --strip-nonsemantic
+               Remove all reflection and nonsemantic information.)");
+  printf(R"(
   --strip-reflect
-               Remove all reflection information.  For now, this covers
-               reflection information defined by SPV_GOOGLE_hlsl_functionality1
-               and SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info)");
+               DEPRECATED.  Remove all reflection information.  For now, this
+               covers reflection information defined by
+               SPV_GOOGLE_hlsl_functionality1 and SPV_KHR_non_semantic_info)");
   printf(R"(
   --target-env=<env>
                Set the target environment. Without this flag the target
diff --git a/tools/reduce/reduce.cpp b/tools/reduce/reduce.cpp
index 4447b35..3760054 100644
--- a/tools/reduce/reduce.cpp
+++ b/tools/reduce/reduce.cpp
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@
   DumpShader(binary, filename);
 }
 
-const auto kDefaultEnvironment = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5;
+const auto kDefaultEnvironment = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6;
 
 int main(int argc, const char** argv) {
   std::string in_binary_file;
diff --git a/tools/sva/README.md b/tools/sva/README.md
index d80b4d2..cd3d13c 100644
--- a/tools/sva/README.md
+++ b/tools/sva/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # SVA
 
-SPIR-V Assember for WebGPU. The SPIR-V Assembler is a JavaScript library to
+SPIR-V Assembler for WebGPU. The SPIR-V Assembler is a JavaScript library to
 convert SPIR-V assembly (as produced by spirv-dis in SPIR-V Tools) into a
 SPIR-V binary. The assembler assumes it is generating WebGPU SPIR-V and thus has
 the following limitations.
diff --git a/tools/sva/yarn.lock b/tools/sva/yarn.lock
index afa11f6..e7b735e 100644
--- a/tools/sva/yarn.lock
+++ b/tools/sva/yarn.lock
@@ -1260,9 +1260,9 @@
   integrity sha512-gu9bD6Ta5bwGrrU8muHzVOBFFREpp2iRkVfhBJahwJ6p6Xw20SjT0MxLnwkjOibQmGSYhiUnf2FLe7k+jcFmGQ==
 
 pathval@^1.1.0:
-  version "1.1.0"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/pathval/-/pathval-1.1.0.tgz#b942e6d4bde653005ef6b71361def8727d0645e0"
-  integrity sha1-uULm1L3mUwBe9rcTYd74cn0GReA=
+  version "1.1.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/pathval/-/pathval-1.1.1.tgz#8534e77a77ce7ac5a2512ea21e0fdb8fcf6c3d8d"
+  integrity sha512-Dp6zGqpTdETdR63lehJYPeIOqpiNBNtc7BpWSLrOje7UaIsE5aY92r/AunQA7rsXvet3lrJ3JnZX29UPTKXyKQ==
 
 prelude-ls@~1.1.2:
   version "1.1.2"
diff --git a/tools/val/val.cpp b/tools/val/val.cpp
index 55321da..880ce46 100644
--- a/tools/val/val.cpp
+++ b/tools/val/val.cpp
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   const char* inFile = nullptr;
-  spv_target_env target_env = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5;
+  spv_target_env target_env = SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6;
   spvtools::ValidatorOptions options;
   bool continue_processing = true;
   int return_code = 0;
@@ -111,17 +111,20 @@
         printf("%s\n", spvSoftwareVersionDetailsString());
         printf(
             "Targets:\n  %s\n  %s\n  %s\n  %s\n  %s\n  %s\n  %s\n  %s\n  %s\n  "
-            "%s\n",
+            "%s\n %s\n %s\n %s\n",
             spvTargetEnvDescription(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_0),
             spvTargetEnvDescription(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_1),
             spvTargetEnvDescription(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_2),
             spvTargetEnvDescription(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_3),
             spvTargetEnvDescription(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_4),
             spvTargetEnvDescription(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_5),
+            spvTargetEnvDescription(SPV_ENV_UNIVERSAL_1_6),
             spvTargetEnvDescription(SPV_ENV_OPENCL_2_2),
             spvTargetEnvDescription(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_0),
             spvTargetEnvDescription(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1),
-            spvTargetEnvDescription(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4));
+            spvTargetEnvDescription(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_1_SPIRV_1_4),
+            spvTargetEnvDescription(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_2),
+            spvTargetEnvDescription(SPV_ENV_VULKAN_1_3));
         continue_processing = false;
         return_code = 0;
       } else if (0 == strcmp(cur_arg, "--help") || 0 == strcmp(cur_arg, "-h")) {
diff --git a/utils/check_copyright.py b/utils/check_copyright.py
index 49892ee..aa647af 100755
--- a/utils/check_copyright.py
+++ b/utils/check_copyright.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 """Checks for copyright notices in all the files that need them under the
+
 current directory.  Optionally insert them.  When inserting, replaces
 an MIT or Khronos free use license with Apache 2.
 """
@@ -41,11 +42,28 @@
            'Mostafa Ashraf',
            'Shiyu Liu',
            'ZHOU He']
-CURRENT_YEAR='2021'
+CURRENT_YEAR = 2022
 
-YEARS = '(2014-2016|2015-2016|2015-2020|2016|2016-2017|2017|2017-2019|2018|2019|2020|2021)'
-COPYRIGHT_RE = re.compile(
-        'Copyright \(c\) {} ({})'.format(YEARS, '|'.join(AUTHORS)))
+FIRST_YEAR = 2014
+FINAL_YEAR = CURRENT_YEAR + 5
+# A regular expression to match the valid years in the copyright information.
+YEAR_REGEX = '(' + '|'.join(
+    str(year) for year in range(FIRST_YEAR, FINAL_YEAR + 1)) + ')'
+
+# A regular expression to make a range of years in the form <year1>-<year2>.
+YEAR_RANGE_REGEX = '('
+for year1 in range(FIRST_YEAR, FINAL_YEAR + 1):
+  for year2 in range(year1 + 1, FINAL_YEAR + 1):
+    YEAR_RANGE_REGEX += str(year1) + '-' + str(year2) + '|'
+YEAR_RANGE_REGEX = YEAR_RANGE_REGEX[:-1] + ')'
+
+# In the copyright info, the year can be a single year or a range.  This is a
+# regex to make sure it matches one of them.
+YEAR_OR_RANGE_REGEX = '(' + YEAR_REGEX + '|' + YEAR_RANGE_REGEX + ')'
+
+# The final regular expression to match a valid copyright line.
+COPYRIGHT_RE = re.compile('Copyright \(c\) {} ({})'.format(
+    YEAR_OR_RANGE_REGEX, '|'.join(AUTHORS)))
 
 MIT_BEGIN_RE = re.compile('Permission is hereby granted, '
                           'free of charge, to any person obtaining a')
diff --git a/utils/generate_grammar_tables.py b/utils/generate_grammar_tables.py
index 9ccf410..74aa282 100755
--- a/utils/generate_grammar_tables.py
+++ b/utils/generate_grammar_tables.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 PYGEN_VARIABLE_PREFIX = 'pygen_variable'
 
 # Extensions to recognize, but which don't necessarily come from the SPIR-V
-# core or KHR grammar files.  Get this list from the SPIR-V registery web page.
+# core or KHR grammar files.  Get this list from the SPIR-V registry web page.
 # NOTE: Only put things on this list if it is not in those grammar files.
 EXTENSIONS_FROM_SPIRV_REGISTRY_AND_NOT_FROM_GRAMMARS = """
 SPV_AMD_gcn_shader
diff --git a/utils/git-sync-deps b/utils/git-sync-deps
index eecfbe9..7a7e606 100755
--- a/utils/git-sync-deps
+++ b/utils/git-sync-deps
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
 
   with open(os.devnull, 'w') as devnull:
     # If this fails, we will fetch before trying again.  Don't spam user
-    # with error infomation.
+    # with error information.
     if 0 == subprocess.call([git, 'checkout', '--quiet', checkoutable],
                             cwd=directory, stderr=devnull):
       # if this succeeds, skip slow `git fetch`.
diff --git a/utils/roll_deps.sh b/utils/roll_deps.sh
index f61f2a3..cef8b52 100755
--- a/utils/roll_deps.sh
+++ b/utils/roll_deps.sh
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@
 effcee_dir="external/effcee/"
 effcee_trunk="origin/main"
 googletest_dir="external/googletest/"
-googletest_trunk="origin/master"
+googletest_trunk="origin/main"
 re2_dir="external/re2/"
-re2_trunk="origin/master"
+re2_trunk="origin/main"
 spirv_headers_dir="external/spirv-headers/"
 spirv_headers_trunk="origin/master"
 
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 
 old_head=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
 
+set +e
 roll-dep --ignore-dirty-tree --roll-to="${effcee_trunk}" "${effcee_dir}"
 roll-dep --ignore-dirty-tree --roll-to="${googletest_trunk}" "${googletest_dir}"
 roll-dep --ignore-dirty-tree --roll-to="${re2_trunk}" "${re2_dir}"
diff --git a/utils/vscode/src/lsp/jsonrpc2/jsonrpc2.go b/utils/vscode/src/lsp/jsonrpc2/jsonrpc2.go
index b8436d2..44dd220 100644
--- a/utils/vscode/src/lsp/jsonrpc2/jsonrpc2.go
+++ b/utils/vscode/src/lsp/jsonrpc2/jsonrpc2.go
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 	requestDone
 )
 
-// Request is sent to a server to represent a Call or Notify operaton.
+// Request is sent to a server to represent a Call or Notify operation.
 type Request struct {
 	conn        *Conn
 	cancel      context.CancelFunc
diff --git a/utils/vscode/src/lsp/jsonrpc2/wire.go b/utils/vscode/src/lsp/jsonrpc2/wire.go
index 3e31c34..fed9a25 100644
--- a/utils/vscode/src/lsp/jsonrpc2/wire.go
+++ b/utils/vscode/src/lsp/jsonrpc2/wire.go
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 	CodeServerOverloaded = -32000
 )
 
-// WireRequest is sent to a server to represent a Call or Notify operaton.
+// WireRequest is sent to a server to represent a Call or Notify operation.
 type WireRequest struct {
 	// VersionTag is always encoded as the string "2.0"
 	VersionTag VersionTag `json:"jsonrpc"`
diff --git a/utils/vscode/src/lsp/protocol/tsprotocol.go b/utils/vscode/src/lsp/protocol/tsprotocol.go
index 50543fc..e0a3594 100644
--- a/utils/vscode/src/lsp/protocol/tsprotocol.go
+++ b/utils/vscode/src/lsp/protocol/tsprotocol.go
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
 			 * change notifications.
 			 *
 			 * If a strings is provided the string is treated as a ID
-			 * under which the notification is registed on the client
+			 * under which the notification is registered on the client
 			 * side. The ID can be used to unregister for these events
 			 * using the `client/unregisterCapability` request.
 			 */
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
 
 	/*Name defined:
 	 * The name of the workspace folder. Used to refer to this
-	 * workspace folder in thge user interface.
+	 * workspace folder in the user interface.
 	 */
 	Name string `json:"name"`
 }
@@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@
 			 * change notifications.
 			 *
 			 * If a strings is provided the string is treated as a ID
-			 * under which the notification is registed on the client
+			 * under which the notification is registered on the client
 			 * side. The ID can be used to unregister for these events
 			 * using the `client/unregisterCapability` request.
 			 */
@@ -1803,7 +1803,7 @@
 
 	/*AllCommitCharacters defined:
 	 * The list of all possible characters that commit a completion. This field can be used
-	 * if clients don't support individual commmit characters per completion item. See
+	 * if clients don't support individual commit characters per completion item. See
 	 * `ClientCapabilities.textDocument.completion.completionItem.commitCharactersSupport`
 	 *
 	 * @since 3.2.0
@@ -2844,7 +2844,7 @@
 
 	/*TargetSelectionRange defined:
 	 * The range that should be selected and revealed when this link is being followed, e.g the name of a function.
-	 * Must be contained by the the `targetRange`. See also `DocumentSymbol#range`
+	 * Must be contained by the `targetRange`. See also `DocumentSymbol#range`
 	 */
 	TargetSelectionRange Range `json:"targetSelectionRange"`
 }
@@ -2881,7 +2881,7 @@
 type ColorInformation struct {
 
 	/*Range defined:
-	 * The range in the document where this color appers.
+	 * The range in the document where this color appears.
 	 */
 	Range Range `json:"range"`
 
@@ -3627,14 +3627,14 @@
 
 	/*Range defined:
 	 * The range enclosing this symbol not including leading/trailing whitespace but everything else
-	 * like comments. This information is typically used to determine if the the clients cursor is
+	 * like comments. This information is typically used to determine if the clients cursor is
 	 * inside the symbol to reveal in the symbol in the UI.
 	 */
 	Range Range `json:"range"`
 
 	/*SelectionRange defined:
 	 * The range that should be selected and revealed when this symbol is being picked, e.g the name of a function.
-	 * Must be contained by the the `range`.
+	 * Must be contained by the `range`.
 	 */
 	SelectionRange Range `json:"selectionRange"`
 
@@ -3652,7 +3652,7 @@
 
 	/*Diagnostics defined:
 	 * An array of diagnostics known on the client side overlapping the range provided to the
-	 * `textDocument/codeAction` request. They are provied so that the server knows which
+	 * `textDocument/codeAction` request. They are provided so that the server knows which
 	 * errors are currently presented to the user for the given range. There is no guarantee
 	 * that these accurately reflect the error state of the resource. The primary parameter
 	 * to compute code actions is the provided range.
@@ -4081,13 +4081,13 @@
 	/*TextOnlyTransactional defined:
 	 * If the workspace edit contains only textual file changes they are executed transactional.
 	 * If resource changes (create, rename or delete file) are part of the change the failure
-	 * handling startegy is abort.
+	 * handling strategy is abort.
 	 */
 	TextOnlyTransactional FailureHandlingKind = "textOnlyTransactional"
 
 	/*Undo defined:
 	 * The client tries to undo the operations already executed. But there is no
-	 * guaruntee that this is succeeding.
+	 * guarantee that this is succeeding.
 	 */
 	Undo FailureHandlingKind = "undo"
 
diff --git a/utils/vscode/src/parser/parser.go b/utils/vscode/src/parser/parser.go
index cc6f333..4c0fa8f 100644
--- a/utils/vscode/src/parser/parser.go
+++ b/utils/vscode/src/parser/parser.go
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@
 	References []*Token     // all the places the identifier was referenced
 }
 
-// Severity is an enumerator of diagnositc seeverities
+// Severity is an enumerator of diagnostic severities
 type Severity int
 
 // Severity levels