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Six: Python 2 and 3 Compatibility Library
=========================================
.. module:: six
:synopsis: Python 2 and 3 compatibility
.. moduleauthor:: Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
.. sectionauthor:: Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
Six provides simple utilities for wrapping over differences between Python 2 and
Python 3. It is intended to support codebases that work on both Python 2 and 3
without modification. six consists of only one Python file, so it is painless
to copy into a project.
Six can be downloaded on `PyPi <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/six/>`_. Its bug
tracker and code hosting is on `BitBucket <http://bitbucket.org/gutworth/six>`_.
The name, "six", comes from the fact that 2*3 equals 6. Why not addition?
Multiplication is more powerful, and, anyway, "five" has already been `snatched
away <http://codespeak.net/z3/five/>`_.
Indices and tables
------------------
* :ref:`genindex`
* :ref:`search`
Package contents
----------------
.. data:: PY2
A boolean indicating if the code is running on Python 2.
.. data:: PY3
A boolean indicating if the code is running on Python 3.
Constants
>>>>>>>>>
Six provides constants that may differ between Python versions. Ones ending
``_types`` are mostly useful as the second argument to ``isinstance`` or
``issubclass``.
.. data:: class_types
Possible class types. In Python 2, this encompasses old-style and new-style
classes. In Python 3, this is just new-styles.
.. data:: integer_types
Possible integer types. In Python 2, this is :func:`py2:long` and
:func:`py2:int`, and in Python 3, just :func:`py3:int`.
.. data:: string_types
Possible types for text data. This is :func:`py2:basestring` in Python 2 and
:func:`py3:str` in Python 3.
.. data:: text_type
Type for representing (Unicode) textual data. This is :func:`py2:unicode` in
Python 2 and :func:`py3:str` in Python 3.
.. data:: binary_type
Type for representing binary data. This is :func:`py2:str` in Python 2 and
:func:`py3:bytes` in Python 3.
.. data:: MAXSIZE
The maximum size of a container like :func:`py3:list` or :func:`py3:dict`.
This is equivalent to :data:`py3:sys.maxsize` in Python 2.6 and later
(including 3.x). Note, this is temptingly similar to, but not the same as
:data:`py2:sys.maxint` in Python 2. There is no direct equivalent to
:data:`py2:sys.maxint` in Python 3 because its integer type has no limits
aside from memory.
Here's example usage of the module::
import six
def dispatch_types(value):
if isinstance(value, six.integer_types):
handle_integer(value)
elif isinstance(value, six.class_types):
handle_class(value)
elif isinstance(value, six.string_types):
handle_string(value)
Object model compatibility
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Python 3 renamed the attributes of several intepreter data structures. The
following accessors are available. Note that the recommended way to inspect
functions and methods is the stdlib :mod:`py3:inspect` module.
.. function:: get_unbound_function(meth)
Get the function out of unbound method *meth*. In Python 3, unbound methods
don't exist, so this function just returns *meth* unchanged. Example
usage::
from six import get_unbound_function
class X(object):
def method(self):
pass
method_function = get_unbound_function(X.method)
.. function:: get_method_function(meth)
Get the function out of method object *meth*.
.. function:: get_method_self(meth)
Get the ``self`` of bound method *meth*.
.. function:: get_function_closure(func)
Get the closure (list of cells) associated with *func*. This is equivalent
to ``func.__closure__`` on Python 2.6+ and ``func.func_closure`` on Python
2.4 and 2.5.
.. function:: get_function_code(func)
Get the code object associated with *func*. This is equivalent to
``func.__code__`` on Python 2.6+ and ``func.func_code`` on Python 2.4 and
2.5.
.. function:: get_function_defaults(func)
Get the defaults tuple associated with *func*. This is equivalent to
``func.__defaults__`` on Python 2.6+ and ``func.func_defaults`` on Python 2.4
and 2.5.
.. function:: get_function_globals(func)
Get the globals of *func*. This is equivalent to ``func.__globals__`` on
Python 2.6+ and ``func.func_globals`` on Python 2.4 and 2.5.
.. function:: next(it)
.. function:: advance_iterator(it)
Get the next item of iterator *it*. :exc:`py3:StopIteration` is raised if
the iterator is exhausted. This is a replacement for calling ``it.next()``
in Python 2 and ``next(it)`` in Python 3.
.. function:: callable(obj)
Check if *obj* can be called. Note ``callable`` has returned in Python 3.2,
so using six's version is only necessary when supporting Python 3.0 or 3.1.
.. function:: iterkeys(dictionary, **kwargs)
Returns an iterator over *dictionary*\'s keys. This replaces
``dictionary.iterkeys()`` on Python 2 and ``dictionary.keys()`` on
Python 3. *kwargs* are passed through to the underlying method.
.. function:: itervalues(dictionary, **kwargs)
Returns an iterator over *dictionary*\'s values. This replaces
``dictionary.itervalues()`` on Python 2 and ``dictionary.values()`` on
Python 3. *kwargs* are passed through to the underlying method.
.. function:: iteritems(dictionary, **kwargs)
Returns an iterator over *dictionary*\'s items. This replaces
``dictionary.iteritems()`` on Python 2 and ``dictionary.items()`` on
Python 3. *kwargs* are passed through to the underlying method.
.. function:: iterlists(dictionary, **kwargs)
Calls ``dictionary.iterlists()`` on Python 2 and ``dictionary.lists()`` on
Python 3. No builtin Python mapping type has such a method; this method is
intended for use with multi-valued dictionaries like `Werkzeug's
<http://werkzeug.pocoo.org/docs/datastructures/#werkzeug.datastructures.MultiDict>`_.
*kwargs* are passed through to the underlying method.
.. function:: create_bound_method(func, obj)
Return a method object wrapping *func* and bound to *obj*. On both Python 2
and 3, this will return a :func:`py3:types.MethodType` object. The reason
this wrapper exists is that on Python 2, the ``MethodType`` constructor
requires the *obj*'s class to be passed.
.. class:: Iterator
A class for making portable iterators. The intention is that it be subclassed
and subclasses provide a ``__next__`` method. In Python 2, :class:`Iterator`
has one method: ``next``. It simply delegates to ``__next__``. An alternate
way to do this would be to simply alias ``next`` to ``__next__``. However,
this interacts badly with subclasses that override
``__next__``. :class:`Iterator` is empty on Python 3. (In fact, it is just
aliased to :class:`py3:object`.)
Syntax compatibility
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
These functions smooth over operations which have different syntaxes between
Python 2 and 3.
.. function:: exec_(code, globals=None, locals=None)
Execute *code* in the scope of *globals* and *locals*. *code* can be a
string or a code object. If *globals* or *locals* are not given, they will
default to the scope of the caller. If just *globals* is given, it will also
be used as *locals*.
.. note::
Python 3's :func:`py3:exec` doesn't take keyword arguments, so calling
:func:`exec` with them should be avoided.
.. function:: print_(*args, *, file=sys.stdout, end="\\n", sep=" ")
Print *args* into *file*. Each argument will be separated with *sep* and
*end* will be written to the file after the last argument is printed.
.. note::
In Python 2, this function imitates Python 3's :func:`py3:print` by not
having softspace support. If you don't know what that is, you're probably
ok. :)
.. function:: reraise(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback=None)
Reraise an exception, possibly with a different traceback. In the simple
case, ``reraise(*sys.exc_info())`` with an active exception (in an except
block) reraises the current exception with the last traceback. A different
traceback can be specified with the *exc_traceback* parameter.
.. function:: with_metaclass(metaclass, *bases)
Create a new class with base classes *bases* and metaclass *metaclass*. This
is designed to be used in class declarations like this: ::
from six import with_metaclass
class Meta(type):
pass
class Base(object):
pass
class MyClass(with_metaclass(Meta, Base)):
pass
Another way to set a metaclass on a class is with the :func:`add_metaclass`
decorator.
.. function:: add_metaclass(metaclass)
Class decorator that replaces a normally-constructed class with a
metaclass-constructed one. Unlike :func:`with_metaclass`,
:func:`add_metaclass` does not create an intermediate base class between the
class being created and its bases. Example usage: ::
@add_metaclass(Meta)
class MyClass(object):
pass
That code produces a class equivalent to ::
class MyClass(object, metaclass=Meta):
pass
on Python 3 or ::
class MyClass(object):
__metaclass__ = MyMeta
on Python 2.
Note that class decorators require Python 2.6. However, the effect of the
decorator can be emulated on Python 2.4 and 2.5 like so::
class MyClass(object):
pass
MyClass = add_metaclass(Meta)(MyClass)
Binary and text data
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Python 3 enforces the distinction between byte strings and text strings far more
rigoriously than Python 2 does; binary data cannot be automatically coerced to
or from text data. six provides several functions to assist in classifying
string data in all Python versions.
.. function:: b(data)
A "fake" bytes literal. *data* should always be a normal string literal. In
Python 2, :func:`b` returns a 8-bit string. In Python 3, *data* is encoded
with the latin-1 encoding to bytes.
.. note::
Since all Python versions 2.6 and after support the ``b`` prefix,
:func:`b`, code without 2.5 support doesn't need :func:`b`.
.. function:: u(text)
A "fake" unicode literal. *text* should always be a normal string literal.
In Python 2, :func:`u` returns unicode, and in Python 3, a string. Also, in
Python 2, the string is decoded with the ``unicode-escape`` codec, which
allows unicode escapes to be used in it.
.. note::
In Python 3.3, the ``u`` prefix has been reintroduced. Code that only
supports Python 3 versions greater than 3.3 thus does not need
:func:`u`.
.. note::
On Python 2, :func:`u` doesn't know what the encoding of the literal
is. Each byte is converted directly to the unicode codepoint of the same
value. Because of this, it's only safe to use :func:`u` with strings of
ASCII data.
.. function:: unichr(c)
Return the (Unicode) string representing the codepoint *c*. This is
equivalent to :func:`py2:unichr` on Python 2 and :func:`py3:chr` on Python 3.
.. function:: int2byte(i)
Converts *i* to a byte. *i* must be in ``range(0, 256)``. This is
equivalent to :func:`py2:chr` in Python 2 and ``bytes((i,))`` in Python 3.
.. function:: byte2int(bs)
Converts the first byte of *bs* to an integer. This is equivalent to
``ord(bs[0])`` on Python 2 and ``bs[0]`` on Python 3.
.. function:: indexbytes(buf, i)
Return the byte at index *i* of *buf* as an integer. This is equivalent to
indexing a bytes object in Python 3.
.. function:: iterbytes(buf)
Return an iterator over bytes in *buf* as integers. This is equivalent to
a bytes object iterator in Python 3.
.. data:: StringIO
This is an fake file object for textual data. It's an alias for
:class:`py2:StringIO.StringIO` in Python 2 and :class:`py3:io.StringIO` in
Python 3.
.. data:: BytesIO
This is a fake file object for binary data. In Python 2, it's an alias for
:class:`py2:StringIO.StringIO`, but in Python 3, it's an alias for
:class:`py3:io.BytesIO`.
Renamed modules and attributes compatibility
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
.. module:: six.moves
:synopsis: Renamed modules and attributes compatibility
Python 3 reorganized the standard library and moved several functions to
different modules. Six provides a consistent interface to them through the fake
:mod:`six.moves` module. For example, to load the module for parsing HTML on
Python 2 or 3, write::
from six.moves import html_parser
Similarly, to get the function to reload modules, which was moved from the
builtin module to the ``imp`` module, use::
from six.moves import reload_module
For the most part, :mod:`six.moves` aliases are the names of the modules in
Python 3. When the new Python 3 name is a package, the components of the name
are separated by underscores. For example, ``html.parser`` becomes
``html_parser``. In some cases where several modules have been combined, the
Python 2 name is retained. This is so the appropiate modules can be found when
running on Python 2. For example, ``BaseHTTPServer`` which is in
``http.server`` in Python 3 is aliased as ``BaseHTTPServer``.
Some modules which had two implementations have been merged in Python 3. For
example, ``cPickle`` no longer exists in Python 3; it was merged with
``pickle``. In these cases, fetching the fast version will load the fast one on
Python 2 and the merged module in Python 3.
The :mod:`py2:urllib`, :mod:`py2:urllib2`, and :mod:`py2:urlparse` modules have
been combined in the :mod:`py3:urllib` package in Python 3. The
:mod:`six.moves.urllib` package is a version-independent location for this
functionality; its structure mimics the structure of the Python 3
:mod:`py3:urllib` package.
Supported renames:
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| Name | Python 2 name | Python 3 name |
+==============================+=====================================+=====================================+
| ``builtins`` | :mod:`py2:__builtin__` | :mod:`py3:builtins` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``configparser`` | :mod:`py2:ConfigParser` | :mod:`py3:configparser` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``copyreg`` | :mod:`py2:copy_reg` | :mod:`py3:copyreg` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``cPickle`` | :mod:`py2:cPickle` | :mod:`py3:pickle` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``cStringIO`` | :func:`py2:cStringIO.StringIO` | :class:`py3:io.StringIO` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``email_mime_multipart`` | :mod:`py2:email.MIMEMultipart` | :mod:`py3:email.mime.multipart` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``email_mime_text`` | :mod:`py2:email.MIMEText` | :mod:`py3:email.mime.text` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``email_mime_base`` | :mod:`py2:email.MIMEBase` | :mod:`py3:email.mime.base` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``filter`` | :func:`py2:itertools.ifilter` | :func:`py3:filter` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``filterfalse`` | :func:`py2:itertools.ifilterfalse` | :func:`py3:itertools.filterfalse` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``http_cookiejar`` | :mod:`py2:cookielib` | :mod:`py3:http.cookiejar` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``http_cookies`` | :mod:`py2:Cookie` | :mod:`py3:http.cookies` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``html_entities`` | :mod:`py2:htmlentitydefs` | :mod:`py3:html.entities` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``html_parser`` | :mod:`py2:HTMLParser` | :mod:`py3:html.parser` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``http_client`` | :mod:`py2:httplib` | :mod:`py3:http.client` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``BaseHTTPServer`` | :mod:`py2:BaseHTTPServer` | :mod:`py3:http.server` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``CGIHTTPServer`` | :mod:`py2:CGIHTTPServer` | :mod:`py3:http.server` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``SimpleHTTPServer`` | :mod:`py2:SimpleHTTPServer` | :mod:`py3:http.server` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``input`` | :func:`py2:raw_input` | :func:`py3:input` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``map`` | :func:`py2:itertools.imap` | :func:`py3:map` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``queue`` | :mod:`py2:Queue` | :mod:`py3:queue` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``range`` | :func:`py2:xrange` | :func:`py3:range` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``reduce`` | :func:`py2:reduce` | :func:`py3:functools.reduce` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``reload_module`` | :func:`py2:reload` | :func:`py3:imp.reload` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``reprlib`` | :mod:`py2:repr` | :mod:`py3:reprlib` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``socketserver`` | :mod:`py2:SocketServer` | :mod:`py3:socketserver` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``tkinter`` | :mod:`py2:Tkinter` | :mod:`py3:tkinter` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``tkinter_dialog`` | :mod:`py2:Dialog` | :mod:`py3:tkinter.dialog` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``tkinter_filedialog`` | :mod:`py2:FileDialog` | :mod:`py3:tkinter.FileDialog` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``tkinter_scrolledtext`` | :mod:`py2:ScrolledText` | :mod:`py3:tkinter.scolledtext` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``tkinter_simpledialog`` | :mod:`py2:SimpleDialog` | :mod:`py2:tkinter.simpledialog` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``tkinter_tix`` | :mod:`py2:Tix` | :mod:`py3:tkinter.tix` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``tkinter_constants`` | :mod:`py2:Tkconstants` | :mod:`py3:tkinter.constants` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``tkinter_dnd`` | :mod:`py2:Tkdnd` | :mod:`py3:tkinter.dnd` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``tkinter_colorchooser`` | :mod:`py2:tkColorChooser` | :mod:`py3:tkinter.colorchooser` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``tkinter_commondialog`` | :mod:`py2:tkCommonDialog` | :mod:`py3:tkinter.commondialog` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``tkinter_tkfiledialog`` | :mod:`py2:tkFileDialog` | :mod:`py3:tkinter.filedialog` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``tkinter_font`` | :mod:`py2:tkFont` | :mod:`py3:tkinter.font` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``tkinter_messagebox`` | :mod:`py2:tkMessageBox` | :mod:`py3:tkinter.messagebox` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``tkinter_tksimpledialog`` | :mod:`py2:tkSimpleDialog` | :mod:`py3:tkinter.simpledialog` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``urllib.parse`` | See :mod:`six.moves.urllib.parse` | :mod:`py3:urllib.parse` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``urllib.error`` | See :mod:`six.moves.urllib.error` | :mod:`py3:urllib.error` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``urllib.request`` | See :mod:`six.moves.urllib.request` | :mod:`py3:urllib.request` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``urllib.response`` | See :mod:`six.moves.urllib.response`| :mod:`py3:urllib.response` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``urllib.robotparser`` | :mod:`py2:robotparser` | :mod:`py3:urllib.robotparser` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``urllib_robotparser`` | :mod:`py2:robotparser` | :mod:`py3:urllib.robotparser` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``UserString`` | :class:`py2:UserString.UserString` | :class:`py3:collections.UserString` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``winreg`` | :mod:`py2:_winreg` | :mod:`py3:winreg` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``xrange`` | :func:`py2:xrange` | :func:`py3:range` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``zip`` | :func:`py2:itertools.izip` | :func:`py3:zip` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| ``zip_longest`` | :func:`py2:itertools.izip_longest` | :func:`py3:itertools.zip_longest` |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
urllib parse
<<<<<<<<<<<<
.. module:: six.moves.urllib.parse
:synopsis: Stuff from :mod:`py2:urlparse` and :mod:`py2:urllib` in Python 2 and :mod:`py3:urllib.parse` in Python 3
Contains functions from Python 3's :mod:`py3:urllib.parse` and Python 2's:
:mod:`py2:urlparse`:
* :func:`py2:urlparse.ParseResult`
* :func:`py2:urlparse.urlparse`
* :func:`py2:urlparse.urlunparse`
* :func:`py2:urlparse.parse_qs`
* :func:`py2:urlparse.parse_qsl`
* :func:`py2:urlparse.urljoin`
* :func:`py2:urlparse.urldefrag`
* :func:`py2:urlparse.urlsplit`
* :func:`py2:urlparse.urlunsplit`
and :mod:`py2:urllib`:
* :func:`py2:urllib.quote`
* :func:`py2:urllib.quote_plus`
* :func:`py2:urllib.unquote`
* :func:`py2:urllib.unquote_plus`
* :func:`py2:urllib.urlencode`
urllib error
<<<<<<<<<<<<
.. module:: six.moves.urllib.error
:synopsis: Stuff from :mod:`py2:urllib` and :mod:`py2:urllib2` in Python 2 and :mod:`py3:urllib.error` in Python 3
Contains exceptions from Python 3's :mod:`py3:urllib.error` and Python 2's:
:mod:`py2:urllib`:
* :exc:`py2:urllib.ContentTooShortError`
and :mod:`py2:urllib2`:
* :exc:`py2:urllib2.URLError`
* :exc:`py2:urllib2.HTTPError`
urllib request
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
.. module:: six.moves.urllib.request
:synopsis: Stuff from :mod:`py2:urllib` and :mod:`py2:urllib2` in Python 2 and :mod:`py3:urllib.request` in Python 3
Contains items from Python 3's :mod:`py3:urllib.request` and Python 2's:
:mod:`py2:urllib`:
* :func:`py2:urllib.pathname2url`
* :func:`py2:urllib.url2pathname`
* :func:`py2:urllib.getproxies`
* :func:`py2:urllib.urlretrieve`
* :func:`py2:urllib.urlcleanup`
* :class:`py2:urllib.URLopener`
* :class:`py2:urllib.FancyURLopener`
and :mod:`py2:urllib2`:
* :func:`py2:urllib2.urlopen`
* :func:`py2:urllib2.install_opener`
* :func:`py2:urllib2.build_opener`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.Request`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.OpenerDirector`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPDefaultErrorHandler`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPRedirectHandler`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.ProxyHandler`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.BaseHandler`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgr`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.AbstractBasicAuthHandler`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.ProxyBasicAuthHandler`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.AbstractDigestAuthHandler`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPDigestAuthHandler`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.ProxyDigestAuthHandler`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPHandler`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPSHandler`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.FileHandler`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.FTPHandler`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.CacheFTPHandler`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.UnknownHandler`
* :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPErrorProcessor`
urllib response
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
.. module:: six.moves.urllib.response
:synopsis: Stuff from :mod:`py2:urllib` in Python 2 and :mod:`py3:urllib.response` in Python 3
Contains classes from Python 3's :mod:`py3:urllib.response` and Python 2's:
:mod:`py2:urllib`:
* :class:`py2:urllib.addbase`
* :class:`py2:urllib.addclosehook`
* :class:`py2:urllib.addinfo`
* :class:`py2:urllib.addinfourl`
Advanced - Customizing renames
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
.. currentmodule:: six
It is possible to add additional names to the :mod:`six.moves` namespace.
.. function:: add_move(item)
Add *item* to the :mod:`six.moves` mapping. *item* should be a
:class:`MovedAttribute` or :class:`MovedModule` instance.
.. function:: remove_move(name)
Remove the :mod:`six.moves` mapping called *name*. *name* should be a
string.
Instances of the following classes can be passed to :func:`add_move`. Neither
have any public members.
.. class:: MovedModule(name, old_mod, new_mod)
Create a mapping for :mod:`six.moves` called *name* that references different
modules in Python 2 and 3. *old_mod* is the name of the Python 2 module.
*new_mod* is the name of the Python 3 module.
.. class:: MovedAttribute(name, old_mod, new_mod, old_attr=None, new_attr=None)
Create a mapping for :mod:`six.moves` called *name* that references different
attributes in Python 2 and 3. *old_mod* is the name of the Python 2 module.
*new_mod* is the name of the Python 3 module. If *new_attr* is not given, it
defaults to *old_attr*. If neither is given, they both default to *name*.