| """Unit tests for the bytes and bytearray types. | 
 |  | 
 | XXX This is a mess.  Common tests should be unified with string_tests.py (and | 
 | the latter should be modernized). | 
 | """ | 
 |  | 
 | import array | 
 | import os | 
 | import re | 
 | import sys | 
 | import copy | 
 | import functools | 
 | import pickle | 
 | import tempfile | 
 | import textwrap | 
 | import unittest | 
 |  | 
 | import test.support | 
 | from test.support import import_helper | 
 | from test.support import warnings_helper | 
 | import test.string_tests | 
 | import test.list_tests | 
 | from test.support import bigaddrspacetest, MAX_Py_ssize_t | 
 | from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_failure | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 | if sys.flags.bytes_warning: | 
 |     def check_bytes_warnings(func): | 
 |         @functools.wraps(func) | 
 |         def wrapper(*args, **kw): | 
 |             with warnings_helper.check_warnings(('', BytesWarning)): | 
 |                 return func(*args, **kw) | 
 |         return wrapper | 
 | else: | 
 |     # no-op | 
 |     def check_bytes_warnings(func): | 
 |         return func | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 | class Indexable: | 
 |     def __init__(self, value=0): | 
 |         self.value = value | 
 |     def __index__(self): | 
 |         return self.value | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 | class BaseBytesTest: | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_basics(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test() | 
 |         self.assertEqual(type(b), self.type2test) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.__class__, self.type2test) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_copy(self): | 
 |         a = self.type2test(b"abcd") | 
 |         for copy_method in (copy.copy, copy.deepcopy): | 
 |             b = copy_method(a) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(a, b) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(type(a), type(b)) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_empty_sequence(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test() | 
 |         self.assertEqual(len(b), 0) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[0]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[1]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[sys.maxsize]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[sys.maxsize+1]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[10**100]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[-1]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[-2]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[-sys.maxsize]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[-sys.maxsize-1]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[-sys.maxsize-2]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b[-10**100]) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_from_iterable(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(range(256)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(len(b), 256) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(list(b), list(range(256))) | 
 |  | 
 |         # Non-sequence iterable. | 
 |         b = self.type2test({42}) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b"*") | 
 |         b = self.type2test({43, 45}) | 
 |         self.assertIn(tuple(b), {(43, 45), (45, 43)}) | 
 |  | 
 |         # Iterator that has a __length_hint__. | 
 |         b = self.type2test(iter(range(256))) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(len(b), 256) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(list(b), list(range(256))) | 
 |  | 
 |         # Iterator that doesn't have a __length_hint__. | 
 |         b = self.type2test(i for i in range(256) if i % 2) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(len(b), 128) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(list(b), list(range(256))[1::2]) | 
 |  | 
 |         # Sequence without __iter__. | 
 |         class S: | 
 |             def __getitem__(self, i): | 
 |                 return (1, 2, 3)[i] | 
 |         b = self.type2test(S()) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b"\x01\x02\x03") | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_from_tuple(self): | 
 |         # There is a special case for tuples. | 
 |         b = self.type2test(tuple(range(256))) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(len(b), 256) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(list(b), list(range(256))) | 
 |         b = self.type2test((1, 2, 3)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b"\x01\x02\x03") | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_from_list(self): | 
 |         # There is a special case for lists. | 
 |         b = self.type2test(list(range(256))) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(len(b), 256) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(list(b), list(range(256))) | 
 |         b = self.type2test([1, 2, 3]) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b"\x01\x02\x03") | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_from_mutating_list(self): | 
 |         # Issue #34973: Crash in bytes constructor with mutating list. | 
 |         class X: | 
 |             def __index__(self): | 
 |                 a.clear() | 
 |                 return 42 | 
 |         a = [X(), X()] | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(a), b'*') | 
 |  | 
 |         class Y: | 
 |             def __index__(self): | 
 |                 if len(a) < 1000: | 
 |                     a.append(self) | 
 |                 return 42 | 
 |         a = [Y()] | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(a), b'*' * 1000)  # should not crash | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_from_index(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test([Indexable(), Indexable(1), Indexable(254), | 
 |                             Indexable(255)]) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(list(b), [0, 1, 254, 255]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [Indexable(-1)]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [Indexable(256)]) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_from_buffer(self): | 
 |         a = self.type2test(array.array('B', [1, 2, 3])) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(a, b"\x01\x02\x03") | 
 |         a = self.type2test(b"\x01\x02\x03") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(a, b"\x01\x02\x03") | 
 |  | 
 |         # Issues #29159 and #34974. | 
 |         # Fallback when __index__ raises a TypeError | 
 |         class B(bytes): | 
 |             def __index__(self): | 
 |                 raise TypeError | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(B(b"foobar")), b"foobar") | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_from_ssize(self): | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(0), b'') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(1), b'\x00') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(5), b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, -1) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test('0', 'ascii'), b'0') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'0'), b'0') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, self.type2test, sys.maxsize + 1) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_constructor_type_errors(self): | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, 0.0) | 
 |         class C: | 
 |             pass | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, ["0"]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, [0.0]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, [None]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, [C()]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, encoding='ascii') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, errors='ignore') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, 0, 'ascii') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, b'', 'ascii') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, 0, errors='ignore') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, b'', errors='ignore') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, '') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, '', errors='ignore') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, '', b'ascii') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test, '', 'ascii', b'ignore') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_constructor_value_errors(self): | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [-1]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [-sys.maxsize]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [-sys.maxsize-1]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [-sys.maxsize-2]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [-10**100]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [256]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [257]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [sys.maxsize]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [sys.maxsize+1]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test, [10**100]) | 
 |  | 
 |     @bigaddrspacetest | 
 |     def test_constructor_overflow(self): | 
 |         size = MAX_Py_ssize_t | 
 |         self.assertRaises((OverflowError, MemoryError), self.type2test, size) | 
 |         try: | 
 |             # Should either pass or raise an error (e.g. on debug builds with | 
 |             # additional malloc() overhead), but shouldn't crash. | 
 |             bytearray(size - 4) | 
 |         except (OverflowError, MemoryError): | 
 |             pass | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_constructor_exceptions(self): | 
 |         # Issue #34974: bytes and bytearray constructors replace unexpected | 
 |         # exceptions. | 
 |         class BadInt: | 
 |             def __index__(self): | 
 |                 1/0 | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.type2test, BadInt()) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.type2test, [BadInt()]) | 
 |  | 
 |         class BadIterable: | 
 |             def __iter__(self): | 
 |                 1/0 | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, self.type2test, BadIterable()) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_compare(self): | 
 |         b1 = self.type2test([1, 2, 3]) | 
 |         b2 = self.type2test([1, 2, 3]) | 
 |         b3 = self.type2test([1, 3]) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b1, b2) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(b2 != b3) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(b1 <= b2) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(b1 <= b3) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(b1 <  b3) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(b1 >= b2) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(b3 >= b2) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(b3 >  b2) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertFalse(b1 != b2) | 
 |         self.assertFalse(b2 == b3) | 
 |         self.assertFalse(b1 >  b2) | 
 |         self.assertFalse(b1 >  b3) | 
 |         self.assertFalse(b1 >= b3) | 
 |         self.assertFalse(b1 <  b2) | 
 |         self.assertFalse(b3 <  b2) | 
 |         self.assertFalse(b3 <= b2) | 
 |  | 
 |     @check_bytes_warnings | 
 |     def test_compare_to_str(self): | 
 |         # Byte comparisons with unicode should always fail! | 
 |         # Test this for all expected byte orders and Unicode character | 
 |         # sizes. | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"\0a\0b\0c") == "abc", False) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"\0\0\0a\0\0\0b\0\0\0c") == "abc", | 
 |                             False) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"a\0b\0c\0") == "abc", False) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"a\0\0\0b\0\0\0c\0\0\0") == "abc", | 
 |                             False) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test() == str(), False) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test() != str(), True) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_reversed(self): | 
 |         input = list(map(ord, "Hello")) | 
 |         b = self.type2test(input) | 
 |         output = list(reversed(b)) | 
 |         input.reverse() | 
 |         self.assertEqual(output, input) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_getslice(self): | 
 |         def by(s): | 
 |             return self.type2test(map(ord, s)) | 
 |         b = by("Hello, world") | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b[:5], by("Hello")) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b[1:5], by("ello")) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b[5:7], by(", ")) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b[7:], by("world")) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b[7:12], by("world")) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b[7:100], by("world")) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b[:-7], by("Hello")) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b[-11:-7], by("ello")) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b[-7:-5], by(", ")) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b[-5:], by("world")) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b[-5:12], by("world")) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b[-5:100], by("world")) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b[-100:5], by("Hello")) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_extended_getslice(self): | 
 |         # Test extended slicing by comparing with list slicing. | 
 |         L = list(range(255)) | 
 |         b = self.type2test(L) | 
 |         indices = (0, None, 1, 3, 19, 100, sys.maxsize, -1, -2, -31, -100) | 
 |         for start in indices: | 
 |             for stop in indices: | 
 |                 # Skip step 0 (invalid) | 
 |                 for step in indices[1:]: | 
 |                     self.assertEqual(b[start:stop:step], self.type2test(L[start:stop:step])) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_encoding(self): | 
 |         sample = "Hello world\n\u1234\u5678\u9abc" | 
 |         for enc in ("utf-8", "utf-16"): | 
 |             b = self.type2test(sample, enc) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(b, self.type2test(sample.encode(enc))) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError, self.type2test, sample, "latin-1") | 
 |         b = self.type2test(sample, "latin-1", "ignore") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, self.type2test(sample[:-3], "utf-8")) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_decode(self): | 
 |         sample = "Hello world\n\u1234\u5678\u9abc" | 
 |         for enc in ("utf-8", "utf-16"): | 
 |             b = self.type2test(sample, enc) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(b.decode(enc), sample) | 
 |         sample = "Hello world\n\x80\x81\xfe\xff" | 
 |         b = self.type2test(sample, "latin-1") | 
 |         self.assertRaises(UnicodeDecodeError, b.decode, "utf-8") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.decode("utf-8", "ignore"), "Hello world\n") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.decode(errors="ignore", encoding="utf-8"), | 
 |                          "Hello world\n") | 
 |         # Default encoding is utf-8 | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'\xe2\x98\x83').decode(), '\u2603') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_check_encoding_errors(self): | 
 |         # bpo-37388: bytes(str) and bytes.encode() must check encoding | 
 |         # and errors arguments in dev mode | 
 |         invalid = 'Boom, Shaka Laka, Boom!' | 
 |         encodings = ('ascii', 'utf8', 'latin1') | 
 |         code = textwrap.dedent(f''' | 
 |             import sys | 
 |             type2test = {self.type2test.__name__} | 
 |             encodings = {encodings!r} | 
 |  | 
 |             for data in ('', 'short string'): | 
 |                 try: | 
 |                     type2test(data, encoding={invalid!r}) | 
 |                 except LookupError: | 
 |                     pass | 
 |                 else: | 
 |                     sys.exit(21) | 
 |  | 
 |                 for encoding in encodings: | 
 |                     try: | 
 |                         type2test(data, encoding=encoding, errors={invalid!r}) | 
 |                     except LookupError: | 
 |                         pass | 
 |                     else: | 
 |                         sys.exit(22) | 
 |  | 
 |             for data in (b'', b'short string'): | 
 |                 data = type2test(data) | 
 |                 print(repr(data)) | 
 |                 try: | 
 |                     data.decode(encoding={invalid!r}) | 
 |                 except LookupError: | 
 |                     sys.exit(10) | 
 |                 else: | 
 |                     sys.exit(23) | 
 |  | 
 |                 try: | 
 |                     data.decode(errors={invalid!r}) | 
 |                 except LookupError: | 
 |                     pass | 
 |                 else: | 
 |                     sys.exit(24) | 
 |  | 
 |                 for encoding in encodings: | 
 |                     try: | 
 |                         data.decode(encoding=encoding, errors={invalid!r}) | 
 |                     except LookupError: | 
 |                         pass | 
 |                     else: | 
 |                         sys.exit(25) | 
 |  | 
 |             sys.exit(10) | 
 |         ''') | 
 |         proc = assert_python_failure('-X', 'dev', '-c', code) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(proc.rc, 10, proc) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_from_int(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(0) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, self.type2test()) | 
 |         b = self.type2test(10) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, self.type2test([0]*10)) | 
 |         b = self.type2test(10000) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, self.type2test([0]*10000)) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_concat(self): | 
 |         b1 = self.type2test(b"abc") | 
 |         b2 = self.type2test(b"def") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b1 + b2, b"abcdef") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b1 + bytes(b"def"), b"abcdef") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(b"def") + b1, b"defabc") | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: b1 + "def") | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: "abc" + b2) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_repeat(self): | 
 |         for b in b"abc", self.type2test(b"abc"): | 
 |             self.assertEqual(b * 3, b"abcabcabc") | 
 |             self.assertEqual(b * 0, b"") | 
 |             self.assertEqual(b * -1, b"") | 
 |             self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: b * 3.14) | 
 |             self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 3.14 * b) | 
 |             # XXX Shouldn't bytes and bytearray agree on what to raise? | 
 |             with self.assertRaises((OverflowError, MemoryError)): | 
 |                 c = b * sys.maxsize | 
 |             with self.assertRaises((OverflowError, MemoryError)): | 
 |                 b *= sys.maxsize | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_repeat_1char(self): | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'x')*100, self.type2test([ord('x')]*100)) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_contains(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b"abc") | 
 |         self.assertIn(ord('a'), b) | 
 |         self.assertIn(int(ord('a')), b) | 
 |         self.assertNotIn(200, b) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: 300 in b) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: -1 in b) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: sys.maxsize+1 in b) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: None in b) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: float(ord('a')) in b) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: "a" in b) | 
 |         for f in bytes, bytearray: | 
 |             self.assertIn(f(b""), b) | 
 |             self.assertIn(f(b"a"), b) | 
 |             self.assertIn(f(b"b"), b) | 
 |             self.assertIn(f(b"c"), b) | 
 |             self.assertIn(f(b"ab"), b) | 
 |             self.assertIn(f(b"bc"), b) | 
 |             self.assertIn(f(b"abc"), b) | 
 |             self.assertNotIn(f(b"ac"), b) | 
 |             self.assertNotIn(f(b"d"), b) | 
 |             self.assertNotIn(f(b"dab"), b) | 
 |             self.assertNotIn(f(b"abd"), b) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_fromhex(self): | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test.fromhex) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test.fromhex, 1) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test.fromhex(''), self.type2test()) | 
 |         b = bytearray([0x1a, 0x2b, 0x30]) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test.fromhex('1a2B30'), b) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test.fromhex('  1A 2B  30   '), b) | 
 |  | 
 |         # check that ASCII whitespace is ignored | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test.fromhex(' 1A\n2B\t30\v'), b) | 
 |         for c in "\x09\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D\x20": | 
 |             self.assertEqual(self.type2test.fromhex(c), self.type2test()) | 
 |         for c in "\x1C\x1D\x1E\x1F\x85\xa0\u2000\u2002\u2028": | 
 |             self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test.fromhex, c) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test.fromhex('0000'), b'\0\0') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test.fromhex, b'1B') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test.fromhex, 'a') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test.fromhex, 'rt') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test.fromhex, '1a b cd') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test.fromhex, '\x00') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test.fromhex, '12   \x00   34') | 
 |  | 
 |         for data, pos in ( | 
 |             # invalid first hexadecimal character | 
 |             ('12 x4 56', 3), | 
 |             # invalid second hexadecimal character | 
 |             ('12 3x 56', 4), | 
 |             # two invalid hexadecimal characters | 
 |             ('12 xy 56', 3), | 
 |             # test non-ASCII string | 
 |             ('12 3\xff 56', 4), | 
 |         ): | 
 |             with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as cm: | 
 |                 self.type2test.fromhex(data) | 
 |             self.assertIn('at position %s' % pos, str(cm.exception)) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_hex(self): | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test.hex) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test.hex, 1) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"").hex(), "") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytearray([0x1a, 0x2b, 0x30]).hex(), '1a2b30') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"\x1a\x2b\x30").hex(), '1a2b30') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(memoryview(b"\x1a\x2b\x30").hex(), '1a2b30') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_hex_separator_basics(self): | 
 |         three_bytes = self.type2test(b'\xb9\x01\xef') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(three_bytes.hex(), 'b901ef') | 
 |         with self.assertRaises(ValueError): | 
 |             three_bytes.hex('') | 
 |         with self.assertRaises(ValueError): | 
 |             three_bytes.hex('xx') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(three_bytes.hex(':', 0), 'b901ef') | 
 |         with self.assertRaises(TypeError): | 
 |             three_bytes.hex(None, 0) | 
 |         with self.assertRaises(ValueError): | 
 |             three_bytes.hex('\xff') | 
 |         with self.assertRaises(ValueError): | 
 |             three_bytes.hex(b'\xff') | 
 |         with self.assertRaises(ValueError): | 
 |             three_bytes.hex(b'\x80') | 
 |         with self.assertRaises(ValueError): | 
 |             three_bytes.hex(chr(0x100)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(three_bytes.hex(':', 0), 'b901ef') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(three_bytes.hex(b'\x00'), 'b9\x0001\x00ef') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(three_bytes.hex('\x00'), 'b9\x0001\x00ef') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(three_bytes.hex(b'\x7f'), 'b9\x7f01\x7fef') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(three_bytes.hex('\x7f'), 'b9\x7f01\x7fef') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(three_bytes.hex(':', 3), 'b901ef') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(three_bytes.hex(':', 4), 'b901ef') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(three_bytes.hex(':', -4), 'b901ef') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(three_bytes.hex(':'), 'b9:01:ef') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(three_bytes.hex(b'$'), 'b9$01$ef') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(three_bytes.hex(':', 1), 'b9:01:ef') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(three_bytes.hex(':', -1), 'b9:01:ef') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(three_bytes.hex(':', 2), 'b9:01ef') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(three_bytes.hex(':', 1), 'b9:01:ef') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(three_bytes.hex('*', -2), 'b901*ef') | 
 |  | 
 |         value = b'{s\005\000\000\000worldi\002\000\000\000s\005\000\000\000helloi\001\000\000\0000' | 
 |         self.assertEqual(value.hex('.', 8), '7b7305000000776f.726c646902000000.730500000068656c.6c6f690100000030') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_hex_separator_five_bytes(self): | 
 |         five_bytes = self.type2test(range(90,95)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(five_bytes.hex(), '5a5b5c5d5e') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_hex_separator_six_bytes(self): | 
 |         six_bytes = self.type2test(x*3 for x in range(1, 7)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(six_bytes.hex(), '0306090c0f12') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(six_bytes.hex('.', 1), '03.06.09.0c.0f.12') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(six_bytes.hex(' ', 2), '0306 090c 0f12') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(six_bytes.hex('-', 3), '030609-0c0f12') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(six_bytes.hex(':', 4), '0306:090c0f12') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(six_bytes.hex(':', 5), '03:06090c0f12') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(six_bytes.hex(':', 6), '0306090c0f12') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(six_bytes.hex(':', 95), '0306090c0f12') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(six_bytes.hex('_', -3), '030609_0c0f12') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(six_bytes.hex(':', -4), '0306090c:0f12') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(six_bytes.hex(b'@', -5), '0306090c0f@12') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(six_bytes.hex(':', -6), '0306090c0f12') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(six_bytes.hex(' ', -95), '0306090c0f12') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_join(self): | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"").join([]), b"") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"").join([b""]), b"") | 
 |         for lst in [[b"abc"], [b"a", b"bc"], [b"ab", b"c"], [b"a", b"b", b"c"]]: | 
 |             lst = list(map(self.type2test, lst)) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"").join(lst), b"abc") | 
 |             self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"").join(tuple(lst)), b"abc") | 
 |             self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"").join(iter(lst)), b"abc") | 
 |         dot_join = self.type2test(b".:").join | 
 |         self.assertEqual(dot_join([b"ab", b"cd"]), b"ab.:cd") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(dot_join([memoryview(b"ab"), b"cd"]), b"ab.:cd") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(dot_join([b"ab", memoryview(b"cd")]), b"ab.:cd") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(dot_join([bytearray(b"ab"), b"cd"]), b"ab.:cd") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(dot_join([b"ab", bytearray(b"cd")]), b"ab.:cd") | 
 |         # Stress it with many items | 
 |         seq = [b"abc"] * 100000 | 
 |         expected = b"abc" + b".:abc" * 99999 | 
 |         self.assertEqual(dot_join(seq), expected) | 
 |         # Stress test with empty separator | 
 |         seq = [b"abc"] * 100000 | 
 |         expected = b"abc" * 100000 | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b"").join(seq), expected) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b" ").join, None) | 
 |         # Error handling and cleanup when some item in the middle of the | 
 |         # sequence has the wrong type. | 
 |         with self.assertRaises(TypeError): | 
 |             dot_join([bytearray(b"ab"), "cd", b"ef"]) | 
 |         with self.assertRaises(TypeError): | 
 |             dot_join([memoryview(b"ab"), "cd", b"ef"]) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_count(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'mississippi') | 
 |         i = 105 | 
 |         p = 112 | 
 |         w = 119 | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.count(b'i'), 4) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.count(b'ss'), 2) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.count(b'w'), 0) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.count(i), 4) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.count(w), 0) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.count(b'i', 6), 2) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.count(b'p', 6), 2) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.count(b'i', 1, 3), 1) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.count(b'p', 7, 9), 1) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.count(i, 6), 2) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.count(p, 6), 2) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.count(i, 1, 3), 1) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.count(p, 7, 9), 1) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_startswith(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'hello') | 
 |         self.assertFalse(self.type2test().startswith(b"anything")) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(b.startswith(b"hello")) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(b.startswith(b"hel")) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(b.startswith(b"h")) | 
 |         self.assertFalse(b.startswith(b"hellow")) | 
 |         self.assertFalse(b.startswith(b"ha")) | 
 |         with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm: | 
 |             b.startswith([b'h']) | 
 |         exc = str(cm.exception) | 
 |         self.assertIn('bytes', exc) | 
 |         self.assertIn('tuple', exc) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_endswith(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'hello') | 
 |         self.assertFalse(bytearray().endswith(b"anything")) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(b.endswith(b"hello")) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(b.endswith(b"llo")) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(b.endswith(b"o")) | 
 |         self.assertFalse(b.endswith(b"whello")) | 
 |         self.assertFalse(b.endswith(b"no")) | 
 |         with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as cm: | 
 |             b.endswith([b'o']) | 
 |         exc = str(cm.exception) | 
 |         self.assertIn('bytes', exc) | 
 |         self.assertIn('tuple', exc) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_find(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'mississippi') | 
 |         i = 105 | 
 |         w = 119 | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.find(b'ss'), 2) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.find(b'w'), -1) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.find(b'mississippian'), -1) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.find(i), 1) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.find(w), -1) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.find(b'ss', 3), 5) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.find(b'ss', 1, 7), 2) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.find(b'ss', 1, 3), -1) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.find(i, 6), 7) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.find(i, 1, 3), 1) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.find(w, 1, 3), -1) | 
 |  | 
 |         for index in (-1, 256, sys.maxsize + 1): | 
 |             self.assertRaisesRegex( | 
 |                 ValueError, r'byte must be in range\(0, 256\)', | 
 |                 b.find, index) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_rfind(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'mississippi') | 
 |         i = 105 | 
 |         w = 119 | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rfind(b'ss'), 5) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rfind(b'w'), -1) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rfind(b'mississippian'), -1) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rfind(i), 10) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rfind(w), -1) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rfind(b'ss', 3), 5) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rfind(b'ss', 0, 6), 2) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rfind(i, 1, 3), 1) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rfind(i, 3, 9), 7) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rfind(w, 1, 3), -1) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_index(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'mississippi') | 
 |         i = 105 | 
 |         w = 119 | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.index(b'ss'), 2) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, b.index, b'w') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, b.index, b'mississippian') | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.index(i), 1) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, b.index, w) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.index(b'ss', 3), 5) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.index(b'ss', 1, 7), 2) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, b.index, b'ss', 1, 3) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.index(i, 6), 7) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.index(i, 1, 3), 1) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, b.index, w, 1, 3) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_rindex(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'mississippi') | 
 |         i = 105 | 
 |         w = 119 | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rindex(b'ss'), 5) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, b.rindex, b'w') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, b.rindex, b'mississippian') | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rindex(i), 10) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, b.rindex, w) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rindex(b'ss', 3), 5) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rindex(b'ss', 0, 6), 2) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rindex(i, 1, 3), 1) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rindex(i, 3, 9), 7) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, b.rindex, w, 1, 3) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_mod(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'hello, %b!') | 
 |         orig = b | 
 |         b = b % b'world' | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'hello, world!') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(orig, b'hello, %b!') | 
 |         self.assertFalse(b is orig) | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'%s / 100 = %d%%') | 
 |         a = b % (b'seventy-nine', 79) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(a, b'seventy-nine / 100 = 79%') | 
 |         self.assertIs(type(a), self.type2test) | 
 |         # issue 29714 | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'hello,\x00%b!') | 
 |         b = b % b'world' | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'hello,\x00world!') | 
 |         self.assertIs(type(b), self.type2test) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_imod(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'hello, %b!') | 
 |         orig = b | 
 |         b %= b'world' | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'hello, world!') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(orig, b'hello, %b!') | 
 |         self.assertFalse(b is orig) | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'%s / 100 = %d%%') | 
 |         b %= (b'seventy-nine', 79) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'seventy-nine / 100 = 79%') | 
 |         self.assertIs(type(b), self.type2test) | 
 |         # issue 29714 | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'hello,\x00%b!') | 
 |         b %= b'world' | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'hello,\x00world!') | 
 |         self.assertIs(type(b), self.type2test) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_rmod(self): | 
 |         with self.assertRaises(TypeError): | 
 |             object() % self.type2test(b'abc') | 
 |         self.assertIs(self.type2test(b'abc').__rmod__('%r'), NotImplemented) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_replace(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'mississippi') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.replace(b'i', b'a'), b'massassappa') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.replace(b'ss', b'x'), b'mixixippi') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_replace_int_error(self): | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'a b').replace, 32, b'') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_split_string_error(self): | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'a b').split, ' ') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'a b').rsplit, ' ') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_split_int_error(self): | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'a b').split, 32) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'a b').rsplit, 32) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_split_unicodewhitespace(self): | 
 |         for b in (b'a\x1Cb', b'a\x1Db', b'a\x1Eb', b'a\x1Fb'): | 
 |             b = self.type2test(b) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(b.split(), [b]) | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b"\x09\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D\x1C\x1D\x1E\x1F") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.split(), [b'\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f']) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_rsplit_unicodewhitespace(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b"\x09\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D\x1C\x1D\x1E\x1F") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rsplit(), [b'\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f']) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_partition(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'mississippi') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.partition(b'ss'), (b'mi', b'ss', b'issippi')) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.partition(b'w'), (b'mississippi', b'', b'')) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_rpartition(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'mississippi') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rpartition(b'ss'), (b'missi', b'ss', b'ippi')) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rpartition(b'i'), (b'mississipp', b'i', b'')) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.rpartition(b'w'), (b'', b'', b'mississippi')) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_partition_string_error(self): | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'a b').partition, ' ') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'a b').rpartition, ' ') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_partition_int_error(self): | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'a b').partition, 32) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'a b').rpartition, 32) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_pickling(self): | 
 |         for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1): | 
 |             for b in b"", b"a", b"abc", b"\xffab\x80", b"\0\0\377\0\0": | 
 |                 b = self.type2test(b) | 
 |                 ps = pickle.dumps(b, proto) | 
 |                 q = pickle.loads(ps) | 
 |                 self.assertEqual(b, q) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_iterator_pickling(self): | 
 |         for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1): | 
 |             for b in b"", b"a", b"abc", b"\xffab\x80", b"\0\0\377\0\0": | 
 |                 it = itorg = iter(self.type2test(b)) | 
 |                 data = list(self.type2test(b)) | 
 |                 d = pickle.dumps(it, proto) | 
 |                 it = pickle.loads(d) | 
 |                 self.assertEqual(type(itorg), type(it)) | 
 |                 self.assertEqual(list(it), data) | 
 |  | 
 |                 it = pickle.loads(d) | 
 |                 if not b: | 
 |                     continue | 
 |                 next(it) | 
 |                 d = pickle.dumps(it, proto) | 
 |                 it = pickle.loads(d) | 
 |                 self.assertEqual(list(it), data[1:]) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_strip_bytearray(self): | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'abc').strip(memoryview(b'ac')), b'b') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'abc').lstrip(memoryview(b'ac')), b'bc') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test(b'abc').rstrip(memoryview(b'ac')), b'ab') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_strip_string_error(self): | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'abc').strip, 'ac') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'abc').lstrip, 'ac') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'abc').rstrip, 'ac') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_strip_int_error(self): | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b' abc ').strip, 32) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b' abc ').lstrip, 32) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b' abc ').rstrip, 32) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_center(self): | 
 |         # Fill character can be either bytes or bytearray (issue 12380) | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'abc') | 
 |         for fill_type in (bytes, bytearray): | 
 |             self.assertEqual(b.center(7, fill_type(b'-')), | 
 |                              self.type2test(b'--abc--')) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_ljust(self): | 
 |         # Fill character can be either bytes or bytearray (issue 12380) | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'abc') | 
 |         for fill_type in (bytes, bytearray): | 
 |             self.assertEqual(b.ljust(7, fill_type(b'-')), | 
 |                              self.type2test(b'abc----')) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_rjust(self): | 
 |         # Fill character can be either bytes or bytearray (issue 12380) | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'abc') | 
 |         for fill_type in (bytes, bytearray): | 
 |             self.assertEqual(b.rjust(7, fill_type(b'-')), | 
 |                              self.type2test(b'----abc')) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_xjust_int_error(self): | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'abc').center, 7, 32) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'abc').ljust, 7, 32) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test(b'abc').rjust, 7, 32) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_ord(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'\0A\x7f\x80\xff') | 
 |         self.assertEqual([ord(b[i:i+1]) for i in range(len(b))], | 
 |                          [0, 65, 127, 128, 255]) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_maketrans(self): | 
 |         transtable = b'\000\001\002\003\004\005\006\007\010\011\012\013\014\015\016\017\020\021\022\023\024\025\026\027\030\031\032\033\034\035\036\037 !"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`xyzdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~\177\200\201\202\203\204\205\206\207\210\211\212\213\214\215\216\217\220\221\222\223\224\225\226\227\230\231\232\233\234\235\236\237\240\241\242\243\244\245\246\247\250\251\252\253\254\255\256\257\260\261\262\263\264\265\266\267\270\271\272\273\274\275\276\277\300\301\302\303\304\305\306\307\310\311\312\313\314\315\316\317\320\321\322\323\324\325\326\327\330\331\332\333\334\335\336\337\340\341\342\343\344\345\346\347\350\351\352\353\354\355\356\357\360\361\362\363\364\365\366\367\370\371\372\373\374\375\376\377' | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test.maketrans(b'abc', b'xyz'), transtable) | 
 |         transtable = b'\000\001\002\003\004\005\006\007\010\011\012\013\014\015\016\017\020\021\022\023\024\025\026\027\030\031\032\033\034\035\036\037 !"#$%&\'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~\177\200\201\202\203\204\205\206\207\210\211\212\213\214\215\216\217\220\221\222\223\224\225\226\227\230\231\232\233\234\235\236\237\240\241\242\243\244\245\246\247\250\251\252\253\254\255\256\257\260\261\262\263\264\265\266\267\270\271\272\273\274\275\276\277\300\301\302\303\304\305\306\307\310\311\312\313\314\315\316\317\320\321\322\323\324\325\326\327\330\331\332\333\334\335\336\337\340\341\342\343\344\345\346\347\350\351\352\353\354\355\356\357\360\361\362\363\364\365\366\367\370\371\372\373\374xyz' | 
 |         self.assertEqual(self.type2test.maketrans(b'\375\376\377', b'xyz'), transtable) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.type2test.maketrans, b'abc', b'xyzq') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, self.type2test.maketrans, 'abc', 'def') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_none_arguments(self): | 
 |         # issue 11828 | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'hello') | 
 |         l = self.type2test(b'l') | 
 |         h = self.type2test(b'h') | 
 |         x = self.type2test(b'x') | 
 |         o = self.type2test(b'o') | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(2, b.find(l, None)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(3, b.find(l, -2, None)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(2, b.find(l, None, -2)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(0, b.find(h, None, None)) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(3, b.rfind(l, None)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(3, b.rfind(l, -2, None)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(2, b.rfind(l, None, -2)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(0, b.rfind(h, None, None)) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(2, b.index(l, None)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(3, b.index(l, -2, None)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(2, b.index(l, None, -2)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(0, b.index(h, None, None)) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(3, b.rindex(l, None)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(3, b.rindex(l, -2, None)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(2, b.rindex(l, None, -2)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(0, b.rindex(h, None, None)) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(2, b.count(l, None)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(1, b.count(l, -2, None)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(1, b.count(l, None, -2)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(0, b.count(x, None, None)) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(True, b.endswith(o, None)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(True, b.endswith(o, -2, None)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(True, b.endswith(l, None, -2)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(False, b.endswith(x, None, None)) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(True, b.startswith(h, None)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(True, b.startswith(l, -2, None)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(True, b.startswith(h, None, -2)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(False, b.startswith(x, None, None)) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_integer_arguments_out_of_byte_range(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'hello') | 
 |  | 
 |         for method in (b.count, b.find, b.index, b.rfind, b.rindex): | 
 |             self.assertRaises(ValueError, method, -1) | 
 |             self.assertRaises(ValueError, method, 256) | 
 |             self.assertRaises(ValueError, method, 9999) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_find_etc_raise_correct_error_messages(self): | 
 |         # issue 11828 | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'hello') | 
 |         x = self.type2test(b'x') | 
 |         self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'\bfind\b', b.find, | 
 |                                 x, None, None, None) | 
 |         self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'\brfind\b', b.rfind, | 
 |                                 x, None, None, None) | 
 |         self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'\bindex\b', b.index, | 
 |                                 x, None, None, None) | 
 |         self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'\brindex\b', b.rindex, | 
 |                                 x, None, None, None) | 
 |         self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'\bcount\b', b.count, | 
 |                                 x, None, None, None) | 
 |         self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'\bstartswith\b', b.startswith, | 
 |                                 x, None, None, None) | 
 |         self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'\bendswith\b', b.endswith, | 
 |                                 x, None, None, None) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_free_after_iterating(self): | 
 |         test.support.check_free_after_iterating(self, iter, self.type2test) | 
 |         test.support.check_free_after_iterating(self, reversed, self.type2test) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_translate(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test(b'hello') | 
 |         rosetta = bytearray(range(256)) | 
 |         rosetta[ord('o')] = ord('e') | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, b.translate) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, b.translate, None, None) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, b.translate, bytes(range(255))) | 
 |  | 
 |         c = b.translate(rosetta, b'hello') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'hello') | 
 |         self.assertIsInstance(c, self.type2test) | 
 |  | 
 |         c = b.translate(rosetta) | 
 |         d = b.translate(rosetta, b'') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(c, d) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(c, b'helle') | 
 |  | 
 |         c = b.translate(rosetta, b'l') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(c, b'hee') | 
 |         c = b.translate(None, b'e') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(c, b'hllo') | 
 |  | 
 |         # test delete as a keyword argument | 
 |         c = b.translate(rosetta, delete=b'') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(c, b'helle') | 
 |         c = b.translate(rosetta, delete=b'l') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(c, b'hee') | 
 |         c = b.translate(None, delete=b'e') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(c, b'hllo') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_sq_item(self): | 
 |         _testcapi = import_helper.import_module('_testcapi') | 
 |         obj = self.type2test((42,)) | 
 |         with self.assertRaises(IndexError): | 
 |             _testcapi.sequence_getitem(obj, -2) | 
 |         with self.assertRaises(IndexError): | 
 |             _testcapi.sequence_getitem(obj, 1) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(_testcapi.sequence_getitem(obj, 0), 42) | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 | class BytesTest(BaseBytesTest, unittest.TestCase): | 
 |     type2test = bytes | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_getitem_error(self): | 
 |         b = b'python' | 
 |         msg = "byte indices must be integers or slices" | 
 |         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg): | 
 |             b['a'] | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_buffer_is_readonly(self): | 
 |         fd = os.open(__file__, os.O_RDONLY) | 
 |         with open(fd, "rb", buffering=0) as f: | 
 |             self.assertRaises(TypeError, f.readinto, b"") | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_custom(self): | 
 |         class A: | 
 |             def __bytes__(self): | 
 |                 return b'abc' | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(A()), b'abc') | 
 |         class A: pass | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, bytes, A()) | 
 |         class A: | 
 |             def __bytes__(self): | 
 |                 return None | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, bytes, A()) | 
 |         class A: | 
 |             def __bytes__(self): | 
 |                 return b'a' | 
 |             def __index__(self): | 
 |                 return 42 | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(A()), b'a') | 
 |         # Issue #25766 | 
 |         class A(str): | 
 |             def __bytes__(self): | 
 |                 return b'abc' | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(A('\u20ac')), b'abc') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(A('\u20ac'), 'iso8859-15'), b'\xa4') | 
 |         # Issue #24731 | 
 |         class A: | 
 |             def __bytes__(self): | 
 |                 return OtherBytesSubclass(b'abc') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(A()), b'abc') | 
 |         self.assertIs(type(bytes(A())), OtherBytesSubclass) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(BytesSubclass(A()), b'abc') | 
 |         self.assertIs(type(BytesSubclass(A())), BytesSubclass) | 
 |  | 
 |     # Test PyBytes_FromFormat() | 
 |     def test_from_format(self): | 
 |         ctypes = import_helper.import_module('ctypes') | 
 |         _testcapi = import_helper.import_module('_testcapi') | 
 |         from ctypes import pythonapi, py_object | 
 |         from ctypes import ( | 
 |             c_int, c_uint, | 
 |             c_long, c_ulong, | 
 |             c_size_t, c_ssize_t, | 
 |             c_char_p) | 
 |  | 
 |         PyBytes_FromFormat = pythonapi.PyBytes_FromFormat | 
 |         PyBytes_FromFormat.argtypes = (c_char_p,) | 
 |         PyBytes_FromFormat.restype = py_object | 
 |  | 
 |         # basic tests | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'format'), | 
 |                          b'format') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'Hello %s !', b'world'), | 
 |                          b'Hello world !') | 
 |  | 
 |         # test formatters | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'c=%c', c_int(0)), | 
 |                          b'c=\0') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'c=%c', c_int(ord('@'))), | 
 |                          b'c=@') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'c=%c', c_int(255)), | 
 |                          b'c=\xff') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'd=%d ld=%ld zd=%zd', | 
 |                                             c_int(1), c_long(2), | 
 |                                             c_size_t(3)), | 
 |                          b'd=1 ld=2 zd=3') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'd=%d ld=%ld zd=%zd', | 
 |                                             c_int(-1), c_long(-2), | 
 |                                             c_size_t(-3)), | 
 |                          b'd=-1 ld=-2 zd=-3') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'u=%u lu=%lu zu=%zu', | 
 |                                             c_uint(123), c_ulong(456), | 
 |                                             c_size_t(789)), | 
 |                          b'u=123 lu=456 zu=789') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'i=%i', c_int(123)), | 
 |                          b'i=123') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'i=%i', c_int(-123)), | 
 |                          b'i=-123') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'x=%x', c_int(0xabc)), | 
 |                          b'x=abc') | 
 |  | 
 |         sizeof_ptr = ctypes.sizeof(c_char_p) | 
 |  | 
 |         if os.name == 'nt': | 
 |             # Windows (MSCRT) | 
 |             ptr_format = '0x%0{}X'.format(2 * sizeof_ptr) | 
 |             def ptr_formatter(ptr): | 
 |                 return (ptr_format % ptr) | 
 |         else: | 
 |             # UNIX (glibc) | 
 |             def ptr_formatter(ptr): | 
 |                 return '%#x' % ptr | 
 |  | 
 |         ptr = 0xabcdef | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'ptr=%p', c_char_p(ptr)), | 
 |                          ('ptr=' + ptr_formatter(ptr)).encode('ascii')) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b's=%s', c_char_p(b'cstr')), | 
 |                          b's=cstr') | 
 |  | 
 |         # test minimum and maximum integer values | 
 |         size_max = c_size_t(-1).value | 
 |         for formatstr, ctypes_type, value, py_formatter in ( | 
 |             (b'%d', c_int, _testcapi.INT_MIN, str), | 
 |             (b'%d', c_int, _testcapi.INT_MAX, str), | 
 |             (b'%ld', c_long, _testcapi.LONG_MIN, str), | 
 |             (b'%ld', c_long, _testcapi.LONG_MAX, str), | 
 |             (b'%lu', c_ulong, _testcapi.ULONG_MAX, str), | 
 |             (b'%zd', c_ssize_t, _testcapi.PY_SSIZE_T_MIN, str), | 
 |             (b'%zd', c_ssize_t, _testcapi.PY_SSIZE_T_MAX, str), | 
 |             (b'%zu', c_size_t, size_max, str), | 
 |             (b'%p', c_char_p, size_max, ptr_formatter), | 
 |         ): | 
 |             self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(formatstr, ctypes_type(value)), | 
 |                              py_formatter(value).encode('ascii')), | 
 |  | 
 |         # width and precision (width is currently ignored) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'%5s', b'a'), | 
 |                          b'a') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'%.3s', b'abcdef'), | 
 |                          b'abc') | 
 |  | 
 |         # '%%' formatter | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'%%'), | 
 |                          b'%') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'[%%]'), | 
 |                          b'[%]') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'%%%c', c_int(ord('_'))), | 
 |                          b'%_') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'%%s'), | 
 |                          b'%s') | 
 |  | 
 |         # Invalid formats and partial formatting | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'%'), b'%') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'x=%i y=%', c_int(2), c_int(3)), | 
 |                          b'x=2 y=%') | 
 |  | 
 |         # Issue #19969: %c must raise OverflowError for values | 
 |         # not in the range [0; 255] | 
 |         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, | 
 |                           PyBytes_FromFormat, b'%c', c_int(-1)) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(OverflowError, | 
 |                           PyBytes_FromFormat, b'%c', c_int(256)) | 
 |  | 
 |         # Issue #33817: empty strings | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b''), | 
 |                          b'') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(PyBytes_FromFormat(b'%s', b''), | 
 |                          b'') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_bytes_blocking(self): | 
 |         class IterationBlocked(list): | 
 |             __bytes__ = None | 
 |         i = [0, 1, 2, 3] | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(i), b'\x00\x01\x02\x03') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, bytes, IterationBlocked(i)) | 
 |  | 
 |         # At least in CPython, because bytes.__new__ and the C API | 
 |         # PyBytes_FromObject have different fallback rules, integer | 
 |         # fallback is handled specially, so test separately. | 
 |         class IntBlocked(int): | 
 |             __bytes__ = None | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(3), b'\0\0\0') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, bytes, IntBlocked(3)) | 
 |  | 
 |         # While there is no separately-defined rule for handling bytes | 
 |         # subclasses differently from other buffer-interface classes, | 
 |         # an implementation may well special-case them (as CPython 2.x | 
 |         # str did), so test them separately. | 
 |         class BytesSubclassBlocked(bytes): | 
 |             __bytes__ = None | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(b'ab'), b'ab') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, bytes, BytesSubclassBlocked(b'ab')) | 
 |  | 
 |         class BufferBlocked(bytearray): | 
 |             __bytes__ = None | 
 |         ba, bb = bytearray(b'ab'), BufferBlocked(b'ab') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(ba), b'ab') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, bytes, bb) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_repeat_id_preserving(self): | 
 |         a = b'123abc1@' | 
 |         b = b'456zyx-+' | 
 |         self.assertEqual(id(a), id(a)) | 
 |         self.assertNotEqual(id(a), id(b)) | 
 |         self.assertNotEqual(id(a), id(a * -4)) | 
 |         self.assertNotEqual(id(a), id(a * 0)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(id(a), id(a * 1)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(id(a), id(1 * a)) | 
 |         self.assertNotEqual(id(a), id(a * 2)) | 
 |  | 
 |         class SubBytes(bytes): | 
 |             pass | 
 |  | 
 |         s = SubBytes(b'qwerty()') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(id(s), id(s)) | 
 |         self.assertNotEqual(id(s), id(s * -4)) | 
 |         self.assertNotEqual(id(s), id(s * 0)) | 
 |         self.assertNotEqual(id(s), id(s * 1)) | 
 |         self.assertNotEqual(id(s), id(1 * s)) | 
 |         self.assertNotEqual(id(s), id(s * 2)) | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 | class ByteArrayTest(BaseBytesTest, unittest.TestCase): | 
 |     type2test = bytearray | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_getitem_error(self): | 
 |         b = bytearray(b'python') | 
 |         msg = "bytearray indices must be integers or slices" | 
 |         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg): | 
 |             b['a'] | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_setitem_error(self): | 
 |         b = bytearray(b'python') | 
 |         msg = "bytearray indices must be integers or slices" | 
 |         with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, msg): | 
 |             b['a'] = "python" | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_nohash(self): | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, bytearray()) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_bytearray_api(self): | 
 |         short_sample = b"Hello world\n" | 
 |         sample = short_sample + b"\0"*(20 - len(short_sample)) | 
 |         tfn = tempfile.mktemp() | 
 |         try: | 
 |             # Prepare | 
 |             with open(tfn, "wb") as f: | 
 |                 f.write(short_sample) | 
 |             # Test readinto | 
 |             with open(tfn, "rb") as f: | 
 |                 b = bytearray(20) | 
 |                 n = f.readinto(b) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(n, len(short_sample)) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(list(b), list(sample)) | 
 |             # Test writing in binary mode | 
 |             with open(tfn, "wb") as f: | 
 |                 f.write(b) | 
 |             with open(tfn, "rb") as f: | 
 |                 self.assertEqual(f.read(), sample) | 
 |             # Text mode is ambiguous; don't test | 
 |         finally: | 
 |             try: | 
 |                 os.remove(tfn) | 
 |             except OSError: | 
 |                 pass | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_reverse(self): | 
 |         b = bytearray(b'hello') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.reverse(), None) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'olleh') | 
 |         b = bytearray(b'hello1') # test even number of items | 
 |         b.reverse() | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'1olleh') | 
 |         b = bytearray() | 
 |         b.reverse() | 
 |         self.assertFalse(b) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_clear(self): | 
 |         b = bytearray(b'python') | 
 |         b.clear() | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'') | 
 |  | 
 |         b = bytearray(b'') | 
 |         b.clear() | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'') | 
 |  | 
 |         b = bytearray(b'') | 
 |         b.append(ord('r')) | 
 |         b.clear() | 
 |         b.append(ord('p')) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'p') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_copy(self): | 
 |         b = bytearray(b'abc') | 
 |         bb = b.copy() | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bb, b'abc') | 
 |  | 
 |         b = bytearray(b'') | 
 |         bb = b.copy() | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bb, b'') | 
 |  | 
 |         # test that it's indeed a copy and not a reference | 
 |         b = bytearray(b'abc') | 
 |         bb = b.copy() | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bb) | 
 |         self.assertIsNot(b, bb) | 
 |         bb.append(ord('d')) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bb, b'abcd') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'abc') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_regexps(self): | 
 |         def by(s): | 
 |             return bytearray(map(ord, s)) | 
 |         b = by("Hello, world") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(re.findall(br"\w+", b), [by("Hello"), by("world")]) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_setitem(self): | 
 |         b = bytearray([1, 2, 3]) | 
 |         b[1] = 100 | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([1, 100, 3])) | 
 |         b[-1] = 200 | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([1, 100, 200])) | 
 |         b[0] = Indexable(10) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([10, 100, 200])) | 
 |         try: | 
 |             b[3] = 0 | 
 |             self.fail("Didn't raise IndexError") | 
 |         except IndexError: | 
 |             pass | 
 |         try: | 
 |             b[-10] = 0 | 
 |             self.fail("Didn't raise IndexError") | 
 |         except IndexError: | 
 |             pass | 
 |         try: | 
 |             b[0] = 256 | 
 |             self.fail("Didn't raise ValueError") | 
 |         except ValueError: | 
 |             pass | 
 |         try: | 
 |             b[0] = Indexable(-1) | 
 |             self.fail("Didn't raise ValueError") | 
 |         except ValueError: | 
 |             pass | 
 |         try: | 
 |             b[0] = None | 
 |             self.fail("Didn't raise TypeError") | 
 |         except TypeError: | 
 |             pass | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_delitem(self): | 
 |         b = bytearray(range(10)) | 
 |         del b[0] | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray(range(1, 10))) | 
 |         del b[-1] | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray(range(1, 9))) | 
 |         del b[4] | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8])) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_setslice(self): | 
 |         b = bytearray(range(10)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(list(b), list(range(10))) | 
 |  | 
 |         b[0:5] = bytearray([1, 1, 1, 1, 1]) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])) | 
 |  | 
 |         del b[0:-5] | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([5, 6, 7, 8, 9])) | 
 |  | 
 |         b[0:0] = bytearray([0, 1, 2, 3, 4]) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray(range(10))) | 
 |  | 
 |         b[-7:-3] = bytearray([100, 101]) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([0, 1, 2, 100, 101, 7, 8, 9])) | 
 |  | 
 |         b[3:5] = [3, 4, 5, 6] | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray(range(10))) | 
 |  | 
 |         b[3:0] = [42, 42, 42] | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([0, 1, 2, 42, 42, 42, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])) | 
 |  | 
 |         b[3:] = b'foo' | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([0, 1, 2, 102, 111, 111])) | 
 |  | 
 |         b[:3] = memoryview(b'foo') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([102, 111, 111, 102, 111, 111])) | 
 |  | 
 |         b[3:4] = [] | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray([102, 111, 111, 111, 111])) | 
 |  | 
 |         for elem in [5, -5, 0, int(10e20), 'str', 2.3, | 
 |                      ['a', 'b'], [b'a', b'b'], [[]]]: | 
 |             with self.assertRaises(TypeError): | 
 |                 b[3:4] = elem | 
 |  | 
 |         for elem in [[254, 255, 256], [-256, 9000]]: | 
 |             with self.assertRaises(ValueError): | 
 |                 b[3:4] = elem | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_setslice_extend(self): | 
 |         # Exercise the resizing logic (see issue #19087) | 
 |         b = bytearray(range(100)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(list(b), list(range(100))) | 
 |         del b[:10] | 
 |         self.assertEqual(list(b), list(range(10, 100))) | 
 |         b.extend(range(100, 110)) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(list(b), list(range(10, 110))) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_fifo_overrun(self): | 
 |         # Test for issue #23985, a buffer overrun when implementing a FIFO | 
 |         # Build Python in pydebug mode for best results. | 
 |         b = bytearray(10) | 
 |         b.pop()        # Defeat expanding buffer off-by-one quirk | 
 |         del b[:1]      # Advance start pointer without reallocating | 
 |         b += bytes(2)  # Append exactly the number of deleted bytes | 
 |         del b          # Free memory buffer, allowing pydebug verification | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_del_expand(self): | 
 |         # Reducing the size should not expand the buffer (issue #23985) | 
 |         b = bytearray(10) | 
 |         size = sys.getsizeof(b) | 
 |         del b[:1] | 
 |         self.assertLessEqual(sys.getsizeof(b), size) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_extended_set_del_slice(self): | 
 |         indices = (0, None, 1, 3, 19, 300, 1<<333, sys.maxsize, | 
 |             -1, -2, -31, -300) | 
 |         for start in indices: | 
 |             for stop in indices: | 
 |                 # Skip invalid step 0 | 
 |                 for step in indices[1:]: | 
 |                     L = list(range(255)) | 
 |                     b = bytearray(L) | 
 |                     # Make sure we have a slice of exactly the right length, | 
 |                     # but with different data. | 
 |                     data = L[start:stop:step] | 
 |                     data.reverse() | 
 |                     L[start:stop:step] = data | 
 |                     b[start:stop:step] = data | 
 |                     self.assertEqual(b, bytearray(L)) | 
 |  | 
 |                     del L[start:stop:step] | 
 |                     del b[start:stop:step] | 
 |                     self.assertEqual(b, bytearray(L)) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_setslice_trap(self): | 
 |         # This test verifies that we correctly handle assigning self | 
 |         # to a slice of self (the old Lambert Meertens trap). | 
 |         b = bytearray(range(256)) | 
 |         b[8:] = b | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray(list(range(8)) + list(range(256)))) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_iconcat(self): | 
 |         b = bytearray(b"abc") | 
 |         b1 = b | 
 |         b += b"def" | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b"abcdef") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b1) | 
 |         self.assertIs(b, b1) | 
 |         b += b"xyz" | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b"abcdefxyz") | 
 |         try: | 
 |             b += "" | 
 |         except TypeError: | 
 |             pass | 
 |         else: | 
 |             self.fail("bytes += unicode didn't raise TypeError") | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_irepeat(self): | 
 |         b = bytearray(b"abc") | 
 |         b1 = b | 
 |         b *= 3 | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b"abcabcabc") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b1) | 
 |         self.assertIs(b, b1) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_irepeat_1char(self): | 
 |         b = bytearray(b"x") | 
 |         b1 = b | 
 |         b *= 100 | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b"x"*100) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b1) | 
 |         self.assertIs(b, b1) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_alloc(self): | 
 |         b = bytearray() | 
 |         alloc = b.__alloc__() | 
 |         self.assertGreaterEqual(alloc, 0) | 
 |         seq = [alloc] | 
 |         for i in range(100): | 
 |             b += b"x" | 
 |             alloc = b.__alloc__() | 
 |             self.assertGreater(alloc, len(b))  # including trailing null byte | 
 |             if alloc not in seq: | 
 |                 seq.append(alloc) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_init_alloc(self): | 
 |         b = bytearray() | 
 |         def g(): | 
 |             for i in range(1, 100): | 
 |                 yield i | 
 |                 a = list(b) | 
 |                 self.assertEqual(a, list(range(1, len(a)+1))) | 
 |                 self.assertEqual(len(b), len(a)) | 
 |                 self.assertLessEqual(len(b), i) | 
 |                 alloc = b.__alloc__() | 
 |                 self.assertGreater(alloc, len(b))  # including trailing null byte | 
 |         b.__init__(g()) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(list(b), list(range(1, 100))) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(len(b), 99) | 
 |         alloc = b.__alloc__() | 
 |         self.assertGreater(alloc, len(b)) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_extend(self): | 
 |         orig = b'hello' | 
 |         a = bytearray(orig) | 
 |         a.extend(a) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(a, orig + orig) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(a[5:], orig) | 
 |         a = bytearray(b'') | 
 |         # Test iterators that don't have a __length_hint__ | 
 |         a.extend(map(int, orig * 25)) | 
 |         a.extend(int(x) for x in orig * 25) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(a, orig * 50) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(a[-5:], orig) | 
 |         a = bytearray(b'') | 
 |         a.extend(iter(map(int, orig * 50))) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(a, orig * 50) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(a[-5:], orig) | 
 |         a = bytearray(b'') | 
 |         a.extend(list(map(int, orig * 50))) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(a, orig * 50) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(a[-5:], orig) | 
 |         a = bytearray(b'') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, a.extend, [0, 1, 2, 256]) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, a.extend, [0, 1, 2, -1]) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(len(a), 0) | 
 |         a = bytearray(b'') | 
 |         a.extend([Indexable(ord('a'))]) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(a, b'a') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_remove(self): | 
 |         b = bytearray(b'hello') | 
 |         b.remove(ord('l')) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'helo') | 
 |         b.remove(ord('l')) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'heo') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: b.remove(ord('l'))) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: b.remove(400)) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: b.remove('e')) | 
 |         # remove first and last | 
 |         b.remove(ord('o')) | 
 |         b.remove(ord('h')) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'e') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: b.remove(b'e')) | 
 |         b.remove(Indexable(ord('e'))) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'') | 
 |  | 
 |         # test values outside of the ascii range: (0, 127) | 
 |         c = bytearray([126, 127, 128, 129]) | 
 |         c.remove(127) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(c, bytes([126, 128, 129])) | 
 |         c.remove(129) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(c, bytes([126, 128])) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_pop(self): | 
 |         b = bytearray(b'world') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.pop(), ord('d')) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.pop(0), ord('w')) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.pop(-2), ord('r')) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: b.pop(10)) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: bytearray().pop()) | 
 |         # test for issue #6846 | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytearray(b'\xff').pop(), 0xff) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_nosort(self): | 
 |         self.assertRaises(AttributeError, lambda: bytearray().sort()) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_append(self): | 
 |         b = bytearray(b'hell') | 
 |         b.append(ord('o')) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'hello') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.append(100), None) | 
 |         b = bytearray() | 
 |         b.append(ord('A')) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(len(b), 1) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: b.append(b'o')) | 
 |         b = bytearray() | 
 |         b.append(Indexable(ord('A'))) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'A') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_insert(self): | 
 |         b = bytearray(b'msssspp') | 
 |         b.insert(1, ord('i')) | 
 |         b.insert(4, ord('i')) | 
 |         b.insert(-2, ord('i')) | 
 |         b.insert(1000, ord('i')) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'mississippi') | 
 |         self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: b.insert(0, b'1')) | 
 |         b = bytearray() | 
 |         b.insert(0, Indexable(ord('A'))) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'A') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_copied(self): | 
 |         # Issue 4348.  Make sure that operations that don't mutate the array | 
 |         # copy the bytes. | 
 |         b = bytearray(b'abc') | 
 |         self.assertIsNot(b, b.replace(b'abc', b'cde', 0)) | 
 |  | 
 |         t = bytearray([i for i in range(256)]) | 
 |         x = bytearray(b'') | 
 |         self.assertIsNot(x, x.translate(t)) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_partition_bytearray_doesnt_share_nullstring(self): | 
 |         a, b, c = bytearray(b"x").partition(b"y") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b"") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(c, b"") | 
 |         self.assertIsNot(b, c) | 
 |         b += b"!" | 
 |         self.assertEqual(c, b"") | 
 |         a, b, c = bytearray(b"x").partition(b"y") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b"") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(c, b"") | 
 |         # Same for rpartition | 
 |         b, c, a = bytearray(b"x").rpartition(b"y") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b"") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(c, b"") | 
 |         self.assertIsNot(b, c) | 
 |         b += b"!" | 
 |         self.assertEqual(c, b"") | 
 |         c, b, a = bytearray(b"x").rpartition(b"y") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b"") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(c, b"") | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_resize_forbidden(self): | 
 |         # #4509: can't resize a bytearray when there are buffer exports, even | 
 |         # if it wouldn't reallocate the underlying buffer. | 
 |         # Furthermore, no destructive changes to the buffer may be applied | 
 |         # before raising the error. | 
 |         b = bytearray(range(10)) | 
 |         v = memoryview(b) | 
 |         def resize(n): | 
 |             b[1:-1] = range(n + 1, 2*n - 1) | 
 |         resize(10) | 
 |         orig = b[:] | 
 |         self.assertRaises(BufferError, resize, 11) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, orig) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(BufferError, resize, 9) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, orig) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(BufferError, resize, 0) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, orig) | 
 |         # Other operations implying resize | 
 |         self.assertRaises(BufferError, b.pop, 0) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, orig) | 
 |         self.assertRaises(BufferError, b.remove, b[1]) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, orig) | 
 |         def delitem(): | 
 |             del b[1] | 
 |         self.assertRaises(BufferError, delitem) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, orig) | 
 |         # deleting a non-contiguous slice | 
 |         def delslice(): | 
 |             b[1:-1:2] = b"" | 
 |         self.assertRaises(BufferError, delslice) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, orig) | 
 |  | 
 |     @test.support.cpython_only | 
 |     def test_obsolete_write_lock(self): | 
 |         from _testcapi import getbuffer_with_null_view | 
 |         self.assertRaises(BufferError, getbuffer_with_null_view, bytearray()) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_iterator_pickling2(self): | 
 |         orig = bytearray(b'abc') | 
 |         data = list(b'qwerty') | 
 |         for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1): | 
 |             # initial iterator | 
 |             itorig = iter(orig) | 
 |             d = pickle.dumps((itorig, orig), proto) | 
 |             it, b = pickle.loads(d) | 
 |             b[:] = data | 
 |             self.assertEqual(type(it), type(itorig)) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(list(it), data) | 
 |  | 
 |             # running iterator | 
 |             next(itorig) | 
 |             d = pickle.dumps((itorig, orig), proto) | 
 |             it, b = pickle.loads(d) | 
 |             b[:] = data | 
 |             self.assertEqual(type(it), type(itorig)) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(list(it), data[1:]) | 
 |  | 
 |             # empty iterator | 
 |             for i in range(1, len(orig)): | 
 |                 next(itorig) | 
 |             d = pickle.dumps((itorig, orig), proto) | 
 |             it, b = pickle.loads(d) | 
 |             b[:] = data | 
 |             self.assertEqual(type(it), type(itorig)) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(list(it), data[len(orig):]) | 
 |  | 
 |             # exhausted iterator | 
 |             self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, itorig) | 
 |             d = pickle.dumps((itorig, orig), proto) | 
 |             it, b = pickle.loads(d) | 
 |             b[:] = data | 
 |             self.assertEqual(list(it), []) | 
 |  | 
 |     test_exhausted_iterator = test.list_tests.CommonTest.test_exhausted_iterator | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_iterator_length_hint(self): | 
 |         # Issue 27443: __length_hint__ can return negative integer | 
 |         ba = bytearray(b'ab') | 
 |         it = iter(ba) | 
 |         next(it) | 
 |         ba.clear() | 
 |         # Shouldn't raise an error | 
 |         self.assertEqual(list(it), []) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_repeat_after_setslice(self): | 
 |         # bpo-42924: * used to copy from the wrong memory location | 
 |         b = bytearray(b'abc') | 
 |         b[:2] = b'x' | 
 |         b1 = b * 1 | 
 |         b3 = b * 3 | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b1, b'xc') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b1, b) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b3, b'xcxcxc') | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 | class AssortedBytesTest(unittest.TestCase): | 
 |     # | 
 |     # Test various combinations of bytes and bytearray | 
 |     # | 
 |  | 
 |     @check_bytes_warnings | 
 |     def test_repr_str(self): | 
 |         for f in str, repr: | 
 |             self.assertEqual(f(bytearray()), "bytearray(b'')") | 
 |             self.assertEqual(f(bytearray([0])), "bytearray(b'\\x00')") | 
 |             self.assertEqual(f(bytearray([0, 1, 254, 255])), | 
 |                              "bytearray(b'\\x00\\x01\\xfe\\xff')") | 
 |             self.assertEqual(f(b"abc"), "b'abc'") | 
 |             self.assertEqual(f(b"'"), '''b"'"''') # ''' | 
 |             self.assertEqual(f(b"'\""), r"""b'\'"'""") # ' | 
 |  | 
 |     @check_bytes_warnings | 
 |     def test_format(self): | 
 |         for b in b'abc', bytearray(b'abc'): | 
 |             self.assertEqual(format(b), str(b)) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(format(b, ''), str(b)) | 
 |             with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, | 
 |                                         r'\b%s\b' % re.escape(type(b).__name__)): | 
 |                 format(b, 's') | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_compare_bytes_to_bytearray(self): | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b"abc" == bytes(b"abc"), True) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b"ab" != bytes(b"abc"), True) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b"ab" <= bytes(b"abc"), True) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b"ab" < bytes(b"abc"), True) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b"abc" >= bytes(b"ab"), True) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b"abc" > bytes(b"ab"), True) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b"abc" != bytes(b"abc"), False) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b"ab" == bytes(b"abc"), False) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b"ab" > bytes(b"abc"), False) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b"ab" >= bytes(b"abc"), False) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b"abc" < bytes(b"ab"), False) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b"abc" <= bytes(b"ab"), False) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(b"abc") == b"abc", True) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(b"ab") != b"abc", True) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(b"ab") <= b"abc", True) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(b"ab") < b"abc", True) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(b"abc") >= b"ab", True) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(b"abc") > b"ab", True) | 
 |  | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(b"abc") != b"abc", False) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(b"ab") == b"abc", False) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(b"ab") > b"abc", False) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(b"ab") >= b"abc", False) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(b"abc") < b"ab", False) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(bytes(b"abc") <= b"ab", False) | 
 |  | 
 |     @test.support.requires_docstrings | 
 |     def test_doc(self): | 
 |         self.assertIsNotNone(bytearray.__doc__) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(bytearray.__doc__.startswith("bytearray("), bytearray.__doc__) | 
 |         self.assertIsNotNone(bytes.__doc__) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(bytes.__doc__.startswith("bytes("), bytes.__doc__) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_from_bytearray(self): | 
 |         sample = bytes(b"Hello world\n\x80\x81\xfe\xff") | 
 |         buf = memoryview(sample) | 
 |         b = bytearray(buf) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, bytearray(sample)) | 
 |  | 
 |     @check_bytes_warnings | 
 |     def test_to_str(self): | 
 |         self.assertEqual(str(b''), "b''") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(str(b'x'), "b'x'") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(str(b'\x80'), "b'\\x80'") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(str(bytearray(b'')), "bytearray(b'')") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(str(bytearray(b'x')), "bytearray(b'x')") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(str(bytearray(b'\x80')), "bytearray(b'\\x80')") | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_literal(self): | 
 |         tests =  [ | 
 |             (b"Wonderful spam", "Wonderful spam"), | 
 |             (br"Wonderful spam too", "Wonderful spam too"), | 
 |             (b"\xaa\x00\000\200", "\xaa\x00\000\200"), | 
 |             (br"\xaa\x00\000\200", r"\xaa\x00\000\200"), | 
 |         ] | 
 |         for b, s in tests: | 
 |             self.assertEqual(b, bytearray(s, 'latin-1')) | 
 |         for c in range(128, 256): | 
 |             self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, | 
 |                               'b"%s"' % chr(c)) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_split_bytearray(self): | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b'a b'.split(memoryview(b' ')), [b'a', b'b']) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_rsplit_bytearray(self): | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b'a b'.rsplit(memoryview(b' ')), [b'a', b'b']) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_return_self(self): | 
 |         # bytearray.replace must always return a new bytearray | 
 |         b = bytearray() | 
 |         self.assertIsNot(b.replace(b'', b''), b) | 
 |  | 
 |     @unittest.skipUnless(sys.flags.bytes_warning, | 
 |                          "BytesWarning is needed for this test: use -bb option") | 
 |     def test_compare(self): | 
 |         def bytes_warning(): | 
 |             return warnings_helper.check_warnings(('', BytesWarning)) | 
 |         with bytes_warning(): | 
 |             b'' == '' | 
 |         with bytes_warning(): | 
 |             '' == b'' | 
 |         with bytes_warning(): | 
 |             b'' != '' | 
 |         with bytes_warning(): | 
 |             '' != b'' | 
 |         with bytes_warning(): | 
 |             bytearray(b'') == '' | 
 |         with bytes_warning(): | 
 |             '' == bytearray(b'') | 
 |         with bytes_warning(): | 
 |             bytearray(b'') != '' | 
 |         with bytes_warning(): | 
 |             '' != bytearray(b'') | 
 |         with bytes_warning(): | 
 |             b'\0' == 0 | 
 |         with bytes_warning(): | 
 |             0 == b'\0' | 
 |         with bytes_warning(): | 
 |             b'\0' != 0 | 
 |         with bytes_warning(): | 
 |             0 != b'\0' | 
 |  | 
 |     # Optimizations: | 
 |     # __iter__? (optimization) | 
 |     # __reversed__? (optimization) | 
 |  | 
 |     # XXX More string methods?  (Those that don't use character properties) | 
 |  | 
 |     # There are tests in string_tests.py that are more | 
 |     # comprehensive for things like partition, etc. | 
 |     # Unfortunately they are all bundled with tests that | 
 |     # are not appropriate for bytes | 
 |  | 
 |     # I've started porting some of those into bytearray_tests.py, we should port | 
 |     # the rest that make sense (the code can be cleaned up to use modern | 
 |     # unittest methods at the same time). | 
 |  | 
 | class BytearrayPEP3137Test(unittest.TestCase): | 
 |     def marshal(self, x): | 
 |         return bytearray(x) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_returns_new_copy(self): | 
 |         val = self.marshal(b'1234') | 
 |         # On immutable types these MAY return a reference to themselves | 
 |         # but on mutable types like bytearray they MUST return a new copy. | 
 |         for methname in ('zfill', 'rjust', 'ljust', 'center'): | 
 |             method = getattr(val, methname) | 
 |             newval = method(3) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(val, newval) | 
 |             self.assertIsNot(val, newval, | 
 |                             methname+' returned self on a mutable object') | 
 |         for expr in ('val.split()[0]', 'val.rsplit()[0]', | 
 |                      'val.partition(b".")[0]', 'val.rpartition(b".")[2]', | 
 |                      'val.splitlines()[0]', 'val.replace(b"", b"")'): | 
 |             newval = eval(expr) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(val, newval) | 
 |             self.assertIsNot(val, newval, | 
 |                             expr+' returned val on a mutable object') | 
 |         sep = self.marshal(b'') | 
 |         newval = sep.join([val]) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(val, newval) | 
 |         self.assertIsNot(val, newval) | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 | class FixedStringTest(test.string_tests.BaseTest): | 
 |     def fixtype(self, obj): | 
 |         if isinstance(obj, str): | 
 |             return self.type2test(obj.encode("utf-8")) | 
 |         return super().fixtype(obj) | 
 |  | 
 |     contains_bytes = True | 
 |  | 
 | class ByteArrayAsStringTest(FixedStringTest, unittest.TestCase): | 
 |     type2test = bytearray | 
 |  | 
 | class BytesAsStringTest(FixedStringTest, unittest.TestCase): | 
 |     type2test = bytes | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 | class SubclassTest: | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_basic(self): | 
 |         self.assertTrue(issubclass(self.type2test, self.basetype)) | 
 |         self.assertIsInstance(self.type2test(), self.basetype) | 
 |  | 
 |         a, b = b"abcd", b"efgh" | 
 |         _a, _b = self.type2test(a), self.type2test(b) | 
 |  | 
 |         # test comparison operators with subclass instances | 
 |         self.assertTrue(_a == _a) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(_a != _b) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(_a < _b) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(_a <= _b) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(_b >= _a) | 
 |         self.assertTrue(_b > _a) | 
 |         self.assertIsNot(_a, a) | 
 |  | 
 |         # test concat of subclass instances | 
 |         self.assertEqual(a + b, _a + _b) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(a + b, a + _b) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(a + b, _a + b) | 
 |  | 
 |         # test repeat | 
 |         self.assertTrue(a*5 == _a*5) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_join(self): | 
 |         # Make sure join returns a NEW object for single item sequences | 
 |         # involving a subclass. | 
 |         # Make sure that it is of the appropriate type. | 
 |         s1 = self.type2test(b"abcd") | 
 |         s2 = self.basetype().join([s1]) | 
 |         self.assertIsNot(s1, s2) | 
 |         self.assertIs(type(s2), self.basetype, type(s2)) | 
 |  | 
 |         # Test reverse, calling join on subclass | 
 |         s3 = s1.join([b"abcd"]) | 
 |         self.assertIs(type(s3), self.basetype) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_pickle(self): | 
 |         a = self.type2test(b"abcd") | 
 |         a.x = 10 | 
 |         a.y = self.type2test(b"efgh") | 
 |         for proto in range(pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + 1): | 
 |             b = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(a, proto)) | 
 |             self.assertNotEqual(id(a), id(b)) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(a, b) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(a.x, b.x) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(a.y, b.y) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(type(a), type(b)) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(type(a.y), type(b.y)) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_copy(self): | 
 |         a = self.type2test(b"abcd") | 
 |         a.x = 10 | 
 |         a.y = self.type2test(b"efgh") | 
 |         for copy_method in (copy.copy, copy.deepcopy): | 
 |             b = copy_method(a) | 
 |             self.assertNotEqual(id(a), id(b)) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(a, b) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(a.x, b.x) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(a.y, b.y) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(type(a), type(b)) | 
 |             self.assertEqual(type(a.y), type(b.y)) | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_fromhex(self): | 
 |         b = self.type2test.fromhex('1a2B30') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'\x1a\x2b\x30') | 
 |         self.assertIs(type(b), self.type2test) | 
 |  | 
 |         class B1(self.basetype): | 
 |             def __new__(cls, value): | 
 |                 me = self.basetype.__new__(cls, value) | 
 |                 me.foo = 'bar' | 
 |                 return me | 
 |  | 
 |         b = B1.fromhex('1a2B30') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'\x1a\x2b\x30') | 
 |         self.assertIs(type(b), B1) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.foo, 'bar') | 
 |  | 
 |         class B2(self.basetype): | 
 |             def __init__(me, *args, **kwargs): | 
 |                 if self.basetype is not bytes: | 
 |                     self.basetype.__init__(me, *args, **kwargs) | 
 |                 me.foo = 'bar' | 
 |  | 
 |         b = B2.fromhex('1a2B30') | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b, b'\x1a\x2b\x30') | 
 |         self.assertIs(type(b), B2) | 
 |         self.assertEqual(b.foo, 'bar') | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 | class ByteArraySubclass(bytearray): | 
 |     pass | 
 |  | 
 | class BytesSubclass(bytes): | 
 |     pass | 
 |  | 
 | class OtherBytesSubclass(bytes): | 
 |     pass | 
 |  | 
 | class ByteArraySubclassTest(SubclassTest, unittest.TestCase): | 
 |     basetype = bytearray | 
 |     type2test = ByteArraySubclass | 
 |  | 
 |     def test_init_override(self): | 
 |         class subclass(bytearray): | 
 |             def __init__(me, newarg=1, *args, **kwargs): | 
 |                 bytearray.__init__(me, *args, **kwargs) | 
 |         x = subclass(4, b"abcd") | 
 |         x = subclass(4, source=b"abcd") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(x, b"abcd") | 
 |         x = subclass(newarg=4, source=b"abcd") | 
 |         self.assertEqual(x, b"abcd") | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 | class BytesSubclassTest(SubclassTest, unittest.TestCase): | 
 |     basetype = bytes | 
 |     type2test = BytesSubclass | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 | if __name__ == "__main__": | 
 |     unittest.main() |