doc/examples/testWriter.c

/**
 * section: xmlWriter
 * synopsis: use various APIs for the xmlWriter
 * purpose: tests a number of APIs for the xmlWriter, especially
 *          the various methods to write to a filename, to a memory
 *          buffer, to a new document, or to a subtree. It shows how to
 *          do encoding string conversions too. The resulting
 *          documents are then serialized.
 * usage: testWriter
 * test: testWriter && for i in 1 2 3 4 ; do diff $(srcdir)/writer.xml writer$$i.tmp || break ; done
 * author: Alfred Mickautsch
 * copy: see Copyright for the status of this software.
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <libxml/encoding.h>
#include <libxml/xmlwriter.h>

#if defined(LIBXML_WRITER_ENABLED) && defined(LIBXML_OUTPUT_ENABLED)

#define MY_ENCODING "ISO-8859-1"

void testXmlwriterFilename(const char *uri);
void testXmlwriterMemory(const char *file);
void testXmlwriterDoc(const char *file);
void testXmlwriterTree(const char *file);
xmlChar *ConvertInput(const char *in, const char *encoding);

int
main(void)
{
    /*
     * this initialize the library and check potential ABI mismatches
     * between the version it was compiled for and the actual shared
     * library used.
     */
    LIBXML_TEST_VERSION

    /* first, the file version */
    testXmlwriterFilename("writer1.tmp");

    /* next, the memory version */
    testXmlwriterMemory("writer2.tmp");

    /* next, the DOM version */
    testXmlwriterDoc("writer3.tmp");

    /* next, the tree version */
    testXmlwriterTree("writer4.tmp");

    /*
     * Cleanup function for the XML library.
     */
    xmlCleanupParser();
    /*
     * this is to debug memory for regression tests
     */
    xmlMemoryDump();
    return 0;
}

/**
 * testXmlwriterFilename:
 * @uri: the output URI
 *
 * test the xmlWriter interface when writing to a new file
 */
void
testXmlwriterFilename(const char *uri)
{
    int rc;
    xmlTextWriterPtr writer;
    xmlChar *tmp;

    /* Create a new XmlWriter for uri, with no compression. */
    writer = xmlNewTextWriterFilename(uri, 0);
    if (writer == NULL) {
        printf("testXmlwriterFilename: Error creating the xml writer\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start the document with the xml default for the version,
     * encoding ISO 8859-1 and the default for the standalone
     * declaration. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartDocument(writer, NULL, MY_ENCODING, NULL);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterStartDocument\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "EXAMPLE". Since this is the first
     * element, this will be the root element of the document. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "EXAMPLE");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write a comment as child of EXAMPLE.
     * Please observe, that the input to the xmlTextWriter functions
     * HAS to be in UTF-8, even if the output XML is encoded
     * in iso-8859-1 */
    tmp = ConvertInput("This is a comment with special chars: <\xE4\xF6\xFC>",
                       MY_ENCODING);
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteComment(writer, tmp);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteComment\n");
        return;
    }
    if (tmp != NULL) xmlFree(tmp);

    /* Start an element named "ORDER" as child of EXAMPLE. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ORDER");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Add an attribute with name "version" and value "1.0" to ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute(writer, BAD_CAST "version",
                                     BAD_CAST "1.0");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Add an attribute with name "xml:lang" and value "de" to ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute(writer, BAD_CAST "xml:lang",
                                     BAD_CAST "de");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write a comment as child of ORDER */
    tmp = ConvertInput("<\xE4\xF6\xFC>", MY_ENCODING);
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatComment(writer,
		     "This is another comment with special chars: %s",
		     tmp);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatComment\n");
        return;
    }
    if (tmp != NULL) xmlFree(tmp);

    /* Start an element named "HEADER" as child of ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "HEADER");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "X_ORDER_ID" as child of HEADER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement(writer, BAD_CAST "X_ORDER_ID",
                                         "%010d", 53535);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "CUSTOMER_ID" as child of HEADER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement(writer, BAD_CAST "CUSTOMER_ID",
                                         "%d", 1010);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "NAME_1" as child of HEADER. */
    tmp = ConvertInput("M\xFCller", MY_ENCODING);
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "NAME_1", tmp);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }
    if (tmp != NULL) xmlFree(tmp);

    /* Write an element named "NAME_2" as child of HEADER. */
    tmp = ConvertInput("J\xF6rg", MY_ENCODING);
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "NAME_2", tmp);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }
    if (tmp != NULL) xmlFree(tmp);

    /* Close the element named HEADER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "ENTRIES" as child of ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRIES");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "ENTRY" as child of ENTRIES. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRY");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "ARTICLE" as child of ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ARTICLE",
                                   BAD_CAST "<Test>");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "ENTRY_NO" as child of ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRY_NO", "%d",
                                         10);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Close the element named ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "ENTRY" as child of ENTRIES. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRY");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "ARTICLE" as child of ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ARTICLE",
                                   BAD_CAST "<Test 2>");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "ENTRY_NO" as child of ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRY_NO", "%d",
                                         20);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Close the element named ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Close the element named ENTRIES. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "FOOTER" as child of ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "FOOTER");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "TEXT" as child of FOOTER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "TEXT",
                                   BAD_CAST "This is a text.");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Close the element named FOOTER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Here we could close the elements ORDER and EXAMPLE using the
     * function xmlTextWriterEndElement, but since we do not want to
     * write any other elements, we simply call xmlTextWriterEndDocument,
     * which will do all the work. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndDocument(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterFilename: Error at xmlTextWriterEndDocument\n");
        return;
    }

    xmlFreeTextWriter(writer);
}

/**
 * testXmlwriterMemory:
 * @file: the output file
 *
 * test the xmlWriter interface when writing to memory
 */
void
testXmlwriterMemory(const char *file)
{
    int rc;
    xmlTextWriterPtr writer;
    xmlBufferPtr buf;
    xmlChar *tmp;
    FILE *fp;

    /* Create a new XML buffer, to which the XML document will be
     * written */
    buf = xmlBufferCreate();
    if (buf == NULL) {
        printf("testXmlwriterMemory: Error creating the xml buffer\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Create a new XmlWriter for memory, with no compression.
     * Remark: there is no compression for this kind of xmlTextWriter */
    writer = xmlNewTextWriterMemory(buf, 0);
    if (writer == NULL) {
        printf("testXmlwriterMemory: Error creating the xml writer\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start the document with the xml default for the version,
     * encoding ISO 8859-1 and the default for the standalone
     * declaration. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartDocument(writer, NULL, MY_ENCODING, NULL);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterStartDocument\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "EXAMPLE". Since this is the first
     * element, this will be the root element of the document. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "EXAMPLE");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write a comment as child of EXAMPLE.
     * Please observe, that the input to the xmlTextWriter functions
     * HAS to be in UTF-8, even if the output XML is encoded
     * in iso-8859-1 */
    tmp = ConvertInput("This is a comment with special chars: <\xE4\xF6\xFC>",
                       MY_ENCODING);
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteComment(writer, tmp);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteComment\n");
        return;
    }
    if (tmp != NULL) xmlFree(tmp);

    /* Start an element named "ORDER" as child of EXAMPLE. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ORDER");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Add an attribute with name "version" and value "1.0" to ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute(writer, BAD_CAST "version",
                                     BAD_CAST "1.0");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Add an attribute with name "xml:lang" and value "de" to ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute(writer, BAD_CAST "xml:lang",
                                     BAD_CAST "de");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write a comment as child of ORDER */
    tmp = ConvertInput("<\xE4\xF6\xFC>", MY_ENCODING);
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatComment(writer,
		     "This is another comment with special chars: %s",
                                         tmp);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatComment\n");
        return;
    }
    if (tmp != NULL) xmlFree(tmp);

    /* Start an element named "HEADER" as child of ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "HEADER");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "X_ORDER_ID" as child of HEADER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement(writer, BAD_CAST "X_ORDER_ID",
                                         "%010d", 53535);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "CUSTOMER_ID" as child of HEADER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement(writer, BAD_CAST "CUSTOMER_ID",
                                         "%d", 1010);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "NAME_1" as child of HEADER. */
    tmp = ConvertInput("M\xFCller", MY_ENCODING);
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "NAME_1", tmp);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }
    if (tmp != NULL) xmlFree(tmp);

    /* Write an element named "NAME_2" as child of HEADER. */
    tmp = ConvertInput("J\xF6rg", MY_ENCODING);
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "NAME_2", tmp);

    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }
    if (tmp != NULL) xmlFree(tmp);

    /* Close the element named HEADER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "ENTRIES" as child of ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRIES");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "ENTRY" as child of ENTRIES. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRY");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "ARTICLE" as child of ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ARTICLE",
                                   BAD_CAST "<Test>");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "ENTRY_NO" as child of ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRY_NO", "%d",
                                         10);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Close the element named ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "ENTRY" as child of ENTRIES. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRY");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "ARTICLE" as child of ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ARTICLE",
                                   BAD_CAST "<Test 2>");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "ENTRY_NO" as child of ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRY_NO", "%d",
                                         20);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Close the element named ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Close the element named ENTRIES. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "FOOTER" as child of ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "FOOTER");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "TEXT" as child of FOOTER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "TEXT",
                                   BAD_CAST "This is a text.");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Close the element named FOOTER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Here we could close the elements ORDER and EXAMPLE using the
     * function xmlTextWriterEndElement, but since we do not want to
     * write any other elements, we simply call xmlTextWriterEndDocument,
     * which will do all the work. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndDocument(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at xmlTextWriterEndDocument\n");
        return;
    }

    xmlFreeTextWriter(writer);

    fp = fopen(file, "w");
    if (fp == NULL) {
        printf("testXmlwriterMemory: Error at fopen\n");
        return;
    }

    fprintf(fp, "%s", (const char *) buf->content);

    fclose(fp);

    xmlBufferFree(buf);
}

/**
 * testXmlwriterDoc:
 * @file: the output file
 *
 * test the xmlWriter interface when creating a new document
 */
void
testXmlwriterDoc(const char *file)
{
    int rc;
    xmlTextWriterPtr writer;
    xmlChar *tmp;
    xmlDocPtr doc;


    /* Create a new XmlWriter for DOM, with no compression. */
    writer = xmlNewTextWriterDoc(&doc, 0);
    if (writer == NULL) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error creating the xml writer\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start the document with the xml default for the version,
     * encoding ISO 8859-1 and the default for the standalone
     * declaration. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartDocument(writer, NULL, MY_ENCODING, NULL);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterStartDocument\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "EXAMPLE". Since this is the first
     * element, this will be the root element of the document. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "EXAMPLE");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write a comment as child of EXAMPLE.
     * Please observe, that the input to the xmlTextWriter functions
     * HAS to be in UTF-8, even if the output XML is encoded
     * in iso-8859-1 */
    tmp = ConvertInput("This is a comment with special chars: <\xE4\xF6\xFC>",
                       MY_ENCODING);
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteComment(writer, tmp);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteComment\n");
        return;
    }
    if (tmp != NULL) xmlFree(tmp);

    /* Start an element named "ORDER" as child of EXAMPLE. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ORDER");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Add an attribute with name "version" and value "1.0" to ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute(writer, BAD_CAST "version",
                                     BAD_CAST "1.0");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Add an attribute with name "xml:lang" and value "de" to ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute(writer, BAD_CAST "xml:lang",
                                     BAD_CAST "de");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write a comment as child of ORDER */
    tmp = ConvertInput("<\xE4\xF6\xFC>", MY_ENCODING);
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatComment(writer,
		 "This is another comment with special chars: %s",
		                         tmp);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatComment\n");
        return;
    }
    if (tmp != NULL) xmlFree(tmp);

    /* Start an element named "HEADER" as child of ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "HEADER");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "X_ORDER_ID" as child of HEADER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement(writer, BAD_CAST "X_ORDER_ID",
                                         "%010d", 53535);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "CUSTOMER_ID" as child of HEADER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement(writer, BAD_CAST "CUSTOMER_ID",
                                         "%d", 1010);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "NAME_1" as child of HEADER. */
    tmp = ConvertInput("M\xFCller", MY_ENCODING);
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "NAME_1", tmp);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }
    if (tmp != NULL) xmlFree(tmp);

    /* Write an element named "NAME_2" as child of HEADER. */
    tmp = ConvertInput("J\xF6rg", MY_ENCODING);
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "NAME_2", tmp);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }
    if (tmp != NULL) xmlFree(tmp);

    /* Close the element named HEADER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "ENTRIES" as child of ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRIES");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "ENTRY" as child of ENTRIES. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRY");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "ARTICLE" as child of ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ARTICLE",
                                   BAD_CAST "<Test>");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "ENTRY_NO" as child of ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRY_NO", "%d",
                                         10);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Close the element named ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "ENTRY" as child of ENTRIES. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRY");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "ARTICLE" as child of ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ARTICLE",
                                   BAD_CAST "<Test 2>");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "ENTRY_NO" as child of ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRY_NO", "%d",
                                         20);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Close the element named ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Close the element named ENTRIES. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "FOOTER" as child of ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "FOOTER");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "TEXT" as child of FOOTER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "TEXT",
                                   BAD_CAST "This is a text.");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Close the element named FOOTER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Here we could close the elements ORDER and EXAMPLE using the
     * function xmlTextWriterEndElement, but since we do not want to
     * write any other elements, we simply call xmlTextWriterEndDocument,
     * which will do all the work. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndDocument(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterDoc: Error at xmlTextWriterEndDocument\n");
        return;
    }

    xmlFreeTextWriter(writer);

    xmlSaveFileEnc(file, doc, MY_ENCODING);

    xmlFreeDoc(doc);
}

/**
 * testXmlwriterTree:
 * @file: the output file
 *
 * test the xmlWriter interface when writing to a subtree
 */
void
testXmlwriterTree(const char *file)
{
    int rc;
    xmlTextWriterPtr writer;
    xmlDocPtr doc;
    xmlNodePtr node;
    xmlChar *tmp;

    /* Create a new XML DOM tree, to which the XML document will be
     * written */
    doc = xmlNewDoc(BAD_CAST XML_DEFAULT_VERSION);
    if (doc == NULL) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterTree: Error creating the xml document tree\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Create a new XML node, to which the XML document will be
     * appended */
    node = xmlNewDocNode(doc, NULL, BAD_CAST "EXAMPLE", NULL);
    if (node == NULL) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error creating the xml node\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Make ELEMENT the root node of the tree */
    xmlDocSetRootElement(doc, node);

    /* Create a new XmlWriter for DOM tree, with no compression. */
    writer = xmlNewTextWriterTree(doc, node, 0);
    if (writer == NULL) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error creating the xml writer\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start the document with the xml default for the version,
     * encoding ISO 8859-1 and the default for the standalone
     * declaration. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartDocument(writer, NULL, MY_ENCODING, NULL);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterStartDocument\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write a comment as child of EXAMPLE.
     * Please observe, that the input to the xmlTextWriter functions
     * HAS to be in UTF-8, even if the output XML is encoded
     * in iso-8859-1 */
    tmp = ConvertInput("This is a comment with special chars: <\xE4\xF6\xFC>",
                       MY_ENCODING);
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteComment(writer, tmp);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteComment\n");
        return;
    }
    if (tmp != NULL) xmlFree(tmp);

    /* Start an element named "ORDER" as child of EXAMPLE. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ORDER");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Add an attribute with name "version" and value "1.0" to ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute(writer, BAD_CAST "version",
                                     BAD_CAST "1.0");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Add an attribute with name "xml:lang" and value "de" to ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute(writer, BAD_CAST "xml:lang",
                                     BAD_CAST "de");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteAttribute\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write a comment as child of ORDER */
    tmp = ConvertInput("<\xE4\xF6\xFC>", MY_ENCODING);
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatComment(writer,
			 "This is another comment with special chars: %s",
					  tmp);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatComment\n");
        return;
    }
    if (tmp != NULL) xmlFree(tmp);

    /* Start an element named "HEADER" as child of ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "HEADER");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "X_ORDER_ID" as child of HEADER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement(writer, BAD_CAST "X_ORDER_ID",
                                         "%010d", 53535);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "CUSTOMER_ID" as child of HEADER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement(writer, BAD_CAST "CUSTOMER_ID",
                                         "%d", 1010);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "NAME_1" as child of HEADER. */
    tmp = ConvertInput("M\xFCller", MY_ENCODING);
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "NAME_1", tmp);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }
    if (tmp != NULL) xmlFree(tmp);

    /* Write an element named "NAME_2" as child of HEADER. */
    tmp = ConvertInput("J\xF6rg", MY_ENCODING);
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "NAME_2", tmp);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }
    if (tmp != NULL) xmlFree(tmp);

    /* Close the element named HEADER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "ENTRIES" as child of ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRIES");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "ENTRY" as child of ENTRIES. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRY");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "ARTICLE" as child of ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ARTICLE",
                                   BAD_CAST "<Test>");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "ENTRY_NO" as child of ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRY_NO", "%d",
                                         10);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Close the element named ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "ENTRY" as child of ENTRIES. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRY");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "ARTICLE" as child of ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ARTICLE",
                                   BAD_CAST "<Test 2>");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "ENTRY_NO" as child of ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement(writer, BAD_CAST "ENTRY_NO", "%d",
                                         20);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf
            ("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteFormatElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Close the element named ENTRY. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Close the element named ENTRIES. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Start an element named "FOOTER" as child of ORDER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterStartElement(writer, BAD_CAST "FOOTER");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterStartElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Write an element named "TEXT" as child of FOOTER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterWriteElement(writer, BAD_CAST "TEXT",
                                   BAD_CAST "This is a text.");
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterWriteElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Close the element named FOOTER. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndElement(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterEndElement\n");
        return;
    }

    /* Here we could close the elements ORDER and EXAMPLE using the
     * function xmlTextWriterEndElement, but since we do not want to
     * write any other elements, we simply call xmlTextWriterEndDocument,
     * which will do all the work. */
    rc = xmlTextWriterEndDocument(writer);
    if (rc < 0) {
        printf("testXmlwriterTree: Error at xmlTextWriterEndDocument\n");
        return;
    }

    xmlFreeTextWriter(writer);

    xmlSaveFileEnc(file, doc, MY_ENCODING);

    xmlFreeDoc(doc);
}

/**
 * ConvertInput:
 * @in: string in a given encoding
 * @encoding: the encoding used
 *
 * Converts @in into UTF-8 for processing with libxml2 APIs
 *
 * Returns the converted UTF-8 string, or NULL in case of error.
 */
xmlChar *
ConvertInput(const char *in, const char *encoding)
{
    xmlChar *out;
    int ret;
    int size;
    int out_size;
    int temp;
    xmlCharEncodingHandlerPtr handler;

    if (in == 0)
        return 0;

    handler = xmlFindCharEncodingHandler(encoding);

    if (!handler) {
        printf("ConvertInput: no encoding handler found for '%s'\n",
               encoding ? encoding : "");
        return 0;
    }

    size = (int) strlen(in) + 1;
    out_size = size * 2 - 1;
    out = (unsigned char *) xmlMalloc((size_t) out_size);

    if (out != 0) {
        temp = size - 1;
        ret = handler->input(out, &out_size, (const xmlChar *) in, &temp);
        if ((ret < 0) || (temp - size + 1)) {
            if (ret < 0) {
                printf("ConvertInput: conversion wasn't successful.\n");
            } else {
                printf
                    ("ConvertInput: conversion wasn't successful. converted: %i octets.\n",
                     temp);
            }

            xmlFree(out);
            out = 0;
        } else {
            out = (unsigned char *) xmlRealloc(out, out_size + 1);
            out[out_size] = 0;  /*null terminating out */
        }
    } else {
        printf("ConvertInput: no mem\n");
    }

    return out;
}

#else
int main(void) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Writer or output support not compiled in\n");
    return 0;
}
#endif