Merge "Cherry-pick: ICU-20250 faster MutableCodePointTrie.build(): use a hashtable to find equal blocks in earlier parts of the compacted data & index arrays"
diff --git a/android_icu4j/src/main/java/android/icu/util/MutableCodePointTrie.java b/android_icu4j/src/main/java/android/icu/util/MutableCodePointTrie.java
index dfe6a30..69fba1f 100644
--- a/android_icu4j/src/main/java/android/icu/util/MutableCodePointTrie.java
+++ b/android_icu4j/src/main/java/android/icu/util/MutableCodePointTrie.java
@@ -519,34 +519,6 @@
     }
 
     /** Search for an identical block. */
-    private static int findSameBlock(int[] p, int pStart, int length,
-            int[] q, int qStart, int blockLength) {
-        // Ensure that we do not even partially get past length.
-        length -= blockLength;
-
-        while (pStart <= length) {
-            if (equalBlocks(p, pStart, q, qStart, blockLength)) {
-                return pStart;
-            }
-            ++pStart;
-        }
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    private static int findSameBlock(char[] p, int pStart, int length,
-            int[] q, int qStart, int blockLength) {
-        // Ensure that we do not even partially get past length.
-        length -= blockLength;
-
-        while (pStart <= length) {
-            if (equalBlocks(p, pStart, q, qStart, blockLength)) {
-                return pStart;
-            }
-            ++pStart;
-        }
-        return -1;
-    }
-
     private static int findSameBlock(char[] p, int pStart, int length,
             char[] q, int qStart, int blockLength) {
         // Ensure that we do not even partially get past length.
@@ -731,6 +703,208 @@
         private int[] refCounts = new int[CAPACITY];
     }
 
+    // Custom hash table for mixed-value blocks to be found anywhere in the
+    // compacted data or index so far.
+    private static final class MixedBlocks {
+        void init(int maxLength, int newBlockLength) {
+            // We store actual data indexes + 1 to reserve 0 for empty entries.
+            int maxDataIndex = maxLength - newBlockLength + 1;
+            int newLength;
+            if (maxDataIndex <= 0xfff) {  // 4k
+                newLength = 6007;
+                shift = 12;
+                mask = 0xfff;
+            } else if (maxDataIndex <= 0x7fff) {  // 32k
+                newLength = 50021;
+                shift = 15;
+                mask = 0x7fff;
+            } else if (maxDataIndex <= 0x1ffff) {  // 128k
+                newLength = 200003;
+                shift = 17;
+                mask = 0x1ffff;
+            } else {
+                // maxDataIndex up to around MAX_DATA_LENGTH, ca. 1.1M
+                newLength = 1500007;
+                shift = 21;
+                mask = 0x1fffff;
+            }
+            if (table == null || newLength > table.length) {
+                table = new int[newLength];
+            } else {
+                Arrays.fill(table, 0, newLength, 0);
+            }
+            length = newLength;
+
+            blockLength = newBlockLength;
+        }
+
+        void extend(int[] data, int minStart, int prevDataLength, int newDataLength) {
+            int start = prevDataLength - blockLength;
+            if (start >= minStart) {
+                ++start;  // Skip the last block that we added last time.
+            } else {
+                start = minStart;  // Begin with the first full block.
+            }
+            for (int end = newDataLength - blockLength; start <= end; ++start) {
+                int hashCode = makeHashCode(data, start);
+                addEntry(data, null, start, hashCode, start);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void extend(char[] data, int minStart, int prevDataLength, int newDataLength) {
+            int start = prevDataLength - blockLength;
+            if (start >= minStart) {
+                ++start;  // Skip the last block that we added last time.
+            } else {
+                start = minStart;  // Begin with the first full block.
+            }
+            for (int end = newDataLength - blockLength; start <= end; ++start) {
+                int hashCode = makeHashCode(data, start);
+                addEntry(null, data, start, hashCode, start);
+            }
+        }
+
+        int findBlock(int[] data, int[] blockData, int blockStart) {
+            int hashCode = makeHashCode(blockData, blockStart);
+            int entryIndex = findEntry(data, null, blockData, null, blockStart, hashCode);
+            if (entryIndex >= 0) {
+                return (table[entryIndex] & mask) - 1;
+            } else {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        int findBlock(char[] data, int[] blockData, int blockStart) {
+            int hashCode = makeHashCode(blockData, blockStart);
+            int entryIndex = findEntry(null, data, blockData, null, blockStart, hashCode);
+            if (entryIndex >= 0) {
+                return (table[entryIndex] & mask) - 1;
+            } else {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        int findBlock(char[] data, char[] blockData, int blockStart) {
+            int hashCode = makeHashCode(blockData, blockStart);
+            int entryIndex = findEntry(null, data, null, blockData, blockStart, hashCode);
+            if (entryIndex >= 0) {
+                return (table[entryIndex] & mask) - 1;
+            } else {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        int findAllSameBlock(int[] data, int blockValue) {
+            int hashCode = makeHashCode(blockValue);
+            int entryIndex = findEntry(data, blockValue, hashCode);
+            if (entryIndex >= 0) {
+                return (table[entryIndex] & mask) - 1;
+            } else {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int makeHashCode(int[] blockData, int blockStart) {
+            int blockLimit = blockStart + blockLength;
+            int hashCode = blockData[blockStart++];
+            do {
+                hashCode = 37 * hashCode + blockData[blockStart++];
+            } while (blockStart < blockLimit);
+            return hashCode;
+        }
+
+        private int makeHashCode(char[] blockData, int blockStart) {
+            int blockLimit = blockStart + blockLength;
+            int hashCode = blockData[blockStart++];
+            do {
+                hashCode = 37 * hashCode + blockData[blockStart++];
+            } while (blockStart < blockLimit);
+            return hashCode;
+        }
+
+        private int makeHashCode(int blockValue) {
+            int hashCode = blockValue;
+            for (int i = 1; i < blockLength; ++i) {
+                hashCode = 37 * hashCode + blockValue;
+            }
+            return hashCode;
+        }
+
+        private void addEntry(int[] data32, char[] data16, int blockStart, int hashCode, int dataIndex) {
+            assert(0 <= dataIndex && dataIndex < mask);
+            int entryIndex = findEntry(data32, data16, data32, data16, blockStart, hashCode);
+            if (entryIndex < 0) {
+                table[~entryIndex] = (hashCode << shift) | (dataIndex + 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int findEntry(int[] data32, char[] data16,
+                int[] blockData32, char[] blockData16, int blockStart, int hashCode) {
+            int shiftedHashCode = hashCode << shift;
+            int initialEntryIndex = modulo(hashCode, length - 1) + 1;  // 1..length-1
+            for (int entryIndex = initialEntryIndex;;) {
+                int entry = table[entryIndex];
+                if (entry == 0) {
+                    return ~entryIndex;
+                }
+                if ((entry & ~mask) == shiftedHashCode) {
+                    int dataIndex = (entry & mask) - 1;
+                    if (data32 != null ?
+                            equalBlocks(data32, dataIndex, blockData32, blockStart, blockLength) :
+                            blockData32 != null ?
+                                equalBlocks(data16, dataIndex, blockData32, blockStart, blockLength) :
+                                equalBlocks(data16, dataIndex, blockData16, blockStart, blockLength)) {
+                        return entryIndex;
+                    }
+                }
+                entryIndex = nextIndex(initialEntryIndex, entryIndex);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int findEntry(int[] data, int blockValue, int hashCode) {
+            int shiftedHashCode = hashCode << shift;
+            int initialEntryIndex = modulo(hashCode, length - 1) + 1;  // 1..length-1
+            for (int entryIndex = initialEntryIndex;;) {
+                int entry = table[entryIndex];
+                if (entry == 0) {
+                    return ~entryIndex;
+                }
+                if ((entry & ~mask) == shiftedHashCode) {
+                    int dataIndex = (entry & mask) - 1;
+                    if (allValuesSameAs(data, dataIndex, blockLength, blockValue)) {
+                        return entryIndex;
+                    }
+                }
+                entryIndex = nextIndex(initialEntryIndex, entryIndex);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int nextIndex(int initialEntryIndex, int entryIndex) {
+            // U_ASSERT(0 < initialEntryIndex && initialEntryIndex < length);
+            return (entryIndex + initialEntryIndex) % length;
+        }
+
+        /** Ensures non-negative n % m (that is 0..m-1). */
+        private int modulo(int n, int m) {
+            int i = n % m;
+            if (i < 0) {
+                i += m;
+            }
+            return i;
+        }
+
+        // Hash table.
+        // The length is a prime number, larger than the maximum data length.
+        // The "shift" lower bits store a data index + 1.
+        // The remaining upper bits store a partial hashCode of the block data values.
+        private int[] table;
+        private int length;
+        private int shift;
+        private int mask;
+
+        private int blockLength;
+    }
+
     private int compactWholeDataBlocks(int fastILimit, AllSameBlocks allSameBlocks) {
         // ASCII data will be stored as a linear table, even if the following code
         // does not yet count it that way.
@@ -829,7 +1003,8 @@
      *
      * It does not try to find an optimal order of writing, deduplicating, and overlapping blocks.
      */
-    private int compactData(int fastILimit, int[] newData, int dataNullIndex) {
+    private int compactData(
+            int fastILimit, int[] newData, int dataNullIndex, MixedBlocks mixedBlocks) {
         // The linear ASCII data has been copied into newData already.
         int newDataLength = 0;
         for (int i = 0; newDataLength < ASCII_LIMIT;
@@ -837,8 +1012,11 @@
             index[i] = newDataLength;
         }
 
-        int iLimit = highStart >> CodePointTrie.SHIFT_3;
         int blockLength = CodePointTrie.FAST_DATA_BLOCK_LENGTH;
+        mixedBlocks.init(newData.length, blockLength);
+        mixedBlocks.extend(newData, 0, 0, newDataLength);
+
+        int iLimit = highStart >> CodePointTrie.SHIFT_3;
         int inc = SMALL_DATA_BLOCKS_PER_BMP_BLOCK;
         int fastLength = 0;
         for (int i = ASCII_I_LIMIT; i < iLimit; i += inc) {
@@ -846,11 +1024,14 @@
                 blockLength = CodePointTrie.SMALL_DATA_BLOCK_LENGTH;
                 inc = 1;
                 fastLength = newDataLength;
+                mixedBlocks.init(newData.length, blockLength);
+                mixedBlocks.extend(newData, 0, 0, newDataLength);
             }
             if (flags[i] == ALL_SAME) {
                 int value = index[i];
                 // Find an earlier part of the data array of length blockLength
                 // that is filled with this value.
+                int n = mixedBlocks.findAllSameBlock(newData, value);
                 // If we find a match, and the current block is the data null block,
                 // and it is not a fast block but matches the start of a fast block,
                 // then we need to continue looking.
@@ -858,34 +1039,35 @@
                 // and not all of the rest of the fast block is filled with this value.
                 // Otherwise trie.getRange() would detect that the fast block starts at
                 // dataNullOffset and assume incorrectly that it is filled with the null value.
-                int n;
-                for (int start = 0;
-                        (n = findAllSameBlock(newData, start, newDataLength,
-                                    value, blockLength)) >= 0 &&
-                                i == dataNullIndex && i >= fastILimit && n < fastLength &&
-                                isStartOfSomeFastBlock(n, index, fastILimit);
-                        start = n + 1) {}
+                while (n >= 0 && i == dataNullIndex && i >= fastILimit && n < fastLength &&
+                        isStartOfSomeFastBlock(n, index, fastILimit)) {
+                    n = findAllSameBlock(newData, n + 1, newDataLength, value, blockLength);
+                }
                 if (n >= 0) {
                     index[i] = n;
                 } else {
                     n = getAllSameOverlap(newData, newDataLength, value, blockLength);
                     index[i] = newDataLength - n;
+                    int prevDataLength = newDataLength;
                     while (n < blockLength) {
                         newData[newDataLength++] = value;
                         ++n;
                     }
+                    mixedBlocks.extend(newData, 0, prevDataLength, newDataLength);
                 }
             } else if (flags[i] == MIXED) {
                 int block = index[i];
-                int n = findSameBlock(newData, 0, newDataLength, data, block, blockLength);
+                int n = mixedBlocks.findBlock(newData, data, block);
                 if (n >= 0) {
                     index[i] = n;
                 } else {
                     n = getOverlap(newData, newDataLength, data, block, blockLength);
                     index[i] = newDataLength - n;
+                    int prevDataLength = newDataLength;
                     while (n < blockLength) {
                         newData[newDataLength++] = data[block + n++];
                     }
+                    mixedBlocks.extend(newData, 0, prevDataLength, newDataLength);
                 }
             } else /* SAME_AS */ {
                 int j = index[i];
@@ -896,7 +1078,7 @@
         return newDataLength;
     }
 
-    private int compactIndex(int fastILimit) {
+    private int compactIndex(int fastILimit, MixedBlocks mixedBlocks) {
         int fastIndexLength = fastILimit >> (CodePointTrie.FAST_SHIFT - CodePointTrie.SHIFT_3);
         if ((highStart >> CodePointTrie.FAST_SHIFT) <= fastIndexLength) {
             // Only the linear fast index, no multi-stage index tables.
@@ -930,6 +1112,9 @@
             }
         }
 
+        mixedBlocks.init(fastIndexLength, CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+        mixedBlocks.extend(fastIndex, 0, 0, fastIndexLength);
+
         // Examine index-3 blocks. For each determine one of:
         // - same as the index-3 null block
         // - same as a fast-index block
@@ -940,6 +1125,7 @@
         // Also determine an upper limit for the index-3 table length.
         int index3Capacity = 0;
         i3FirstNull = index3NullOffset;
+        boolean hasLongI3Blocks = false;
         // If the fast index covers the whole BMP, then
         // the multi-stage index is only for supplementary code points.
         // Otherwise, the multi-stage index covers all of Unicode.
@@ -964,13 +1150,13 @@
                         index3Capacity += CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH;
                     } else {
                         index3Capacity += INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH;
+                        hasLongI3Blocks = true;
                     }
                     i3FirstNull = 0;
                 }
             } else {
                 if (oredI3 <= 0xffff) {
-                    int n = findSameBlock(fastIndex, 0, fastIndexLength,
-                                              index, i, CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+                    int n = mixedBlocks.findBlock(fastIndex, index, i);
                     if (n >= 0) {
                         flags[i] = I3_BMP;
                         index[i] = n;
@@ -981,6 +1167,7 @@
                 } else {
                     flags[i] = I3_18;
                     index3Capacity += INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH;
+                    hasLongI3Blocks = true;
                 }
             }
             i = j;
@@ -996,6 +1183,13 @@
         int index16Capacity = fastIndexLength + index1Length + index3Capacity + index2Capacity + 1;
         index16 = Arrays.copyOf(fastIndex, index16Capacity);
 
+        mixedBlocks.init(index16Capacity, CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+        MixedBlocks longI3Blocks = null;
+        if (hasLongI3Blocks) {
+            longI3Blocks = new MixedBlocks();
+            longI3Blocks.init(index16Capacity, INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+        }
+
         // Compact the index-3 table and write an uncompacted version of the index-2 table.
         char[] index2 = new char[index2Capacity];
         int i2Length = 0;
@@ -1015,8 +1209,7 @@
             } else if (f == I3_BMP) {
                 i3 = index[i];
             } else if (f == I3_16) {
-                int n = findSameBlock(index16, index3Start, indexLength,
-                                          index, i, CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+                int n = mixedBlocks.findBlock(index16, index, i);
                 if (n >= 0) {
                     i3 = n;
                 } else {
@@ -1028,12 +1221,18 @@
                                        index, i, CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH);
                     }
                     i3 = indexLength - n;
+                    int prevIndexLength = indexLength;
                     while (n < CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH) {
                         index16[indexLength++] = (char)index[i + n++];
                     }
+                    mixedBlocks.extend(index16, index3Start, prevIndexLength, indexLength);
+                    if (hasLongI3Blocks) {
+                        longI3Blocks.extend(index16, index3Start, prevIndexLength, indexLength);
+                    }
                 }
             } else {
                 assert(f == I3_18);
+                assert(hasLongI3Blocks);
                 // Encode an index-3 block that contains one or more data indexes exceeding 16 bits.
                 int j = i;
                 int jLimit = i + CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH;
@@ -1066,8 +1265,7 @@
                     index16[k++] = (char)v;
                     index16[k - 9] = (char)upperBits;
                 } while (j < jLimit);
-                int n = findSameBlock(index16, index3Start, indexLength,
-                                          index16, indexLength, INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+                int n = longI3Blocks.findBlock(index16, index16, indexLength);
                 if (n >= 0) {
                     i3 = n | 0x8000;
                 } else {
@@ -1079,6 +1277,7 @@
                                        index16, indexLength, INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH);
                     }
                     i3 = (indexLength - n) | 0x8000;
+                    int prevIndexLength = indexLength;
                     if (n > 0) {
                         int start = indexLength;
                         while (n < INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH) {
@@ -1087,6 +1286,10 @@
                     } else {
                         indexLength += INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH;
                     }
+                    mixedBlocks.extend(index16, index3Start, prevIndexLength, indexLength);
+                    if (hasLongI3Blocks) {
+                        longI3Blocks.extend(index16, index3Start, prevIndexLength, indexLength);
+                    }
                 }
             }
             if (index3NullOffset < 0 && i3FirstNull >= 0) {
@@ -1109,16 +1312,23 @@
         }
 
         // Compact the index-2 table and write the index-1 table.
+        // assert(CodePointTrie.INDEX_2_BLOCK_LENGTH == CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH) :
+        //     "must re-init mixedBlocks";
         int blockLength = CodePointTrie.INDEX_2_BLOCK_LENGTH;
         int i1 = fastIndexLength;
         for (int i = 0; i < i2Length; i += blockLength) {
-            if ((i2Length - i) < blockLength) {
+            int n;
+            if ((i2Length - i) >= blockLength) {
+                // normal block
+                assert(blockLength == CodePointTrie.INDEX_2_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+                n = mixedBlocks.findBlock(index16, index2, i);
+            } else {
                 // highStart is inside the last index-2 block. Shorten it.
                 blockLength = i2Length - i;
+                n = findSameBlock(index16, index3Start, indexLength,
+                        index2, i, blockLength);
             }
             int i2;
-            int n = findSameBlock(index16, index3Start, indexLength,
-                                      index2, i, blockLength);
             if (n >= 0) {
                 i2 = n;
             } else {
@@ -1129,9 +1339,11 @@
                     n = getOverlap(index16, indexLength, index2, i, blockLength);
                 }
                 i2 = indexLength - n;
+                int prevIndexLength = indexLength;
                 while (n < blockLength) {
                     index16[indexLength++] = index2[i + n++];
                 }
+                mixedBlocks.extend(index16, index3Start, prevIndexLength, indexLength);
             }
             // Set the index-1 table entry.
             index16[i1++] = (char)i2;
@@ -1179,7 +1391,9 @@
         int[] newData = Arrays.copyOf(asciiData, newDataCapacity);
 
         int dataNullIndex = allSameBlocks.findMostUsed();
-        int newDataLength = compactData(fastILimit, newData, dataNullIndex);
+
+        MixedBlocks mixedBlocks = new MixedBlocks();
+        int newDataLength = compactData(fastILimit, newData, dataNullIndex, mixedBlocks);
         assert(newDataLength <= newDataCapacity);
         data = newData;
         dataLength = newDataLength;
@@ -1196,7 +1410,7 @@
             dataNullOffset = CodePointTrie.NO_DATA_NULL_OFFSET;
         }
 
-        int indexLength = compactIndex(fastILimit);
+        int indexLength = compactIndex(fastILimit, mixedBlocks);
         highStart = realHighStart;
         return indexLength;
     }
diff --git a/icu4c/source/common/umutablecptrie.cpp b/icu4c/source/common/umutablecptrie.cpp
index 40af4b6..44af830 100644
--- a/icu4c/source/common/umutablecptrie.cpp
+++ b/icu4c/source/common/umutablecptrie.cpp
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
 constexpr int32_t INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH = UCPTRIE_INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH + UCPTRIE_INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH / 8;
 
 class AllSameBlocks;
+class MixedBlocks;
 
 class MutableCodePointTrie : public UMemory {
 public:
@@ -92,8 +93,10 @@
     void maskValues(uint32_t mask);
     UChar32 findHighStart() const;
     int32_t compactWholeDataBlocks(int32_t fastILimit, AllSameBlocks &allSameBlocks);
-    int32_t compactData(int32_t fastILimit, uint32_t *newData, int32_t dataNullIndex);
-    int32_t compactIndex(int32_t fastILimit, UErrorCode &errorCode);
+    int32_t compactData(
+            int32_t fastILimit, uint32_t *newData, int32_t newDataCapacity,
+            int32_t dataNullIndex, MixedBlocks &mixedBlocks, UErrorCode &errorCode);
+    int32_t compactIndex(int32_t fastILimit, MixedBlocks &mixedBlocks, UErrorCode &errorCode);
     int32_t compactTrie(int32_t fastILimit, UErrorCode &errorCode);
 
     uint32_t *index = nullptr;
@@ -548,28 +551,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-inline bool
-equalBlocks(const uint32_t *s, const uint32_t *t, int32_t length) {
-    while (length > 0 && *s == *t) {
-        ++s;
-        ++t;
-        --length;
-    }
-    return length == 0;
-}
-
-inline bool
-equalBlocks(const uint16_t *s, const uint32_t *t, int32_t length) {
-    while (length > 0 && *s == *t) {
-        ++s;
-        ++t;
-        --length;
-    }
-    return length == 0;
-}
-
-inline bool
-equalBlocks(const uint16_t *s, const uint16_t *t, int32_t length) {
+template<typename UIntA, typename UIntB>
+bool equalBlocks(const UIntA *s, const UIntB *t, int32_t length) {
     while (length > 0 && *s == *t) {
         ++s;
         ++t;
@@ -585,36 +568,6 @@
 }
 
 /** Search for an identical block. */
-int32_t findSameBlock(const uint32_t *p, int32_t pStart, int32_t length,
-                      const uint32_t *q, int32_t qStart, int32_t blockLength) {
-    // Ensure that we do not even partially get past length.
-    length -= blockLength;
-
-    q += qStart;
-    while (pStart <= length) {
-        if (equalBlocks(p + pStart, q, blockLength)) {
-            return pStart;
-        }
-        ++pStart;
-    }
-    return -1;
-}
-
-int32_t findSameBlock(const uint16_t *p, int32_t pStart, int32_t length,
-                      const uint32_t *q, int32_t qStart, int32_t blockLength) {
-    // Ensure that we do not even partially get past length.
-    length -= blockLength;
-
-    q += qStart;
-    while (pStart <= length) {
-        if (equalBlocks(p + pStart, q, blockLength)) {
-            return pStart;
-        }
-        ++pStart;
-    }
-    return -1;
-}
-
 int32_t findSameBlock(const uint16_t *p, int32_t pStart, int32_t length,
                       const uint16_t *q, int32_t qStart, int32_t blockLength) {
     // Ensure that we do not even partially get past length.
@@ -655,30 +608,9 @@
  * Look for maximum overlap of the beginning of the other block
  * with the previous, adjacent block.
  */
-int32_t getOverlap(const uint32_t *p, int32_t length,
-                   const uint32_t *q, int32_t qStart, int32_t blockLength) {
-    int32_t overlap = blockLength - 1;
-    U_ASSERT(overlap <= length);
-    q += qStart;
-    while (overlap > 0 && !equalBlocks(p + (length - overlap), q, overlap)) {
-        --overlap;
-    }
-    return overlap;
-}
-
-int32_t getOverlap(const uint16_t *p, int32_t length,
-                   const uint32_t *q, int32_t qStart, int32_t blockLength) {
-    int32_t overlap = blockLength - 1;
-    U_ASSERT(overlap <= length);
-    q += qStart;
-    while (overlap > 0 && !equalBlocks(p + (length - overlap), q, overlap)) {
-        --overlap;
-    }
-    return overlap;
-}
-
-int32_t getOverlap(const uint16_t *p, int32_t length,
-                   const uint16_t *q, int32_t qStart, int32_t blockLength) {
+template<typename UIntA, typename UIntB>
+int32_t getOverlap(const UIntA *p, int32_t length,
+                   const UIntB *q, int32_t qStart, int32_t blockLength) {
     int32_t overlap = blockLength - 1;
     U_ASSERT(overlap <= length);
     q += qStart;
@@ -807,6 +739,171 @@
     int32_t refCounts[CAPACITY];
 };
 
+// Custom hash table for mixed-value blocks to be found anywhere in the
+// compacted data or index so far.
+class MixedBlocks {
+public:
+    MixedBlocks() {}
+    ~MixedBlocks() {
+        uprv_free(table);
+    }
+
+    bool init(int32_t maxLength, int32_t newBlockLength) {
+        // We store actual data indexes + 1 to reserve 0 for empty entries.
+        int32_t maxDataIndex = maxLength - newBlockLength + 1;
+        int32_t newLength;
+        if (maxDataIndex <= 0xfff) {  // 4k
+            newLength = 6007;
+            shift = 12;
+            mask = 0xfff;
+        } else if (maxDataIndex <= 0x7fff) {  // 32k
+            newLength = 50021;
+            shift = 15;
+            mask = 0x7fff;
+        } else if (maxDataIndex <= 0x1ffff) {  // 128k
+            newLength = 200003;
+            shift = 17;
+            mask = 0x1ffff;
+        } else {
+            // maxDataIndex up to around MAX_DATA_LENGTH, ca. 1.1M
+            newLength = 1500007;
+            shift = 21;
+            mask = 0x1fffff;
+        }
+        if (newLength > capacity) {
+            uprv_free(table);
+            table = (uint32_t *)uprv_malloc(newLength * 4);
+            if (table == nullptr) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            capacity = newLength;
+        }
+        length = newLength;
+        uprv_memset(table, 0, length * 4);
+
+        blockLength = newBlockLength;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template<typename UInt>
+    void extend(const UInt *data, int32_t minStart, int32_t prevDataLength, int32_t newDataLength) {
+        int32_t start = prevDataLength - blockLength;
+        if (start >= minStart) {
+            ++start;  // Skip the last block that we added last time.
+        } else {
+            start = minStart;  // Begin with the first full block.
+        }
+        for (int32_t end = newDataLength - blockLength; start <= end; ++start) {
+            uint32_t hashCode = makeHashCode(data, start);
+            addEntry(data, start, hashCode, start);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename UIntA, typename UIntB>
+    int32_t findBlock(const UIntA *data, const UIntB *blockData, int32_t blockStart) const {
+        uint32_t hashCode = makeHashCode(blockData, blockStart);
+        int32_t entryIndex = findEntry(data, blockData, blockStart, hashCode);
+        if (entryIndex >= 0) {
+            return (table[entryIndex] & mask) - 1;
+        } else {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    int32_t findAllSameBlock(const uint32_t *data, uint32_t blockValue) const {
+        uint32_t hashCode = makeHashCode(blockValue);
+        int32_t entryIndex = findEntry(data, blockValue, hashCode);
+        if (entryIndex >= 0) {
+            return (table[entryIndex] & mask) - 1;
+        } else {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    template<typename UInt>
+    uint32_t makeHashCode(const UInt *blockData, int32_t blockStart) const {
+        int32_t blockLimit = blockStart + blockLength;
+        uint32_t hashCode = blockData[blockStart++];
+        do {
+            hashCode = 37 * hashCode + blockData[blockStart++];
+        } while (blockStart < blockLimit);
+        return hashCode;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t makeHashCode(uint32_t blockValue) const {
+        uint32_t hashCode = blockValue;
+        for (int32_t i = 1; i < blockLength; ++i) {
+            hashCode = 37 * hashCode + blockValue;
+        }
+        return hashCode;
+    }
+
+    template<typename UInt>
+    void addEntry(const UInt *data, int32_t blockStart, uint32_t hashCode, int32_t dataIndex) {
+        U_ASSERT(0 <= dataIndex && dataIndex < (int32_t)mask);
+        int32_t entryIndex = findEntry(data, data, blockStart, hashCode);
+        if (entryIndex < 0) {
+            table[~entryIndex] = (hashCode << shift) | (dataIndex + 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename UIntA, typename UIntB>
+    int32_t findEntry(const UIntA *data, const UIntB *blockData, int32_t blockStart,
+                      uint32_t hashCode) const {
+        uint32_t shiftedHashCode = hashCode << shift;
+        int32_t initialEntryIndex = (hashCode % (length - 1)) + 1;  // 1..length-1
+        for (int32_t entryIndex = initialEntryIndex;;) {
+            uint32_t entry = table[entryIndex];
+            if (entry == 0) {
+                return ~entryIndex;
+            }
+            if ((entry & ~mask) == shiftedHashCode) {
+                int32_t dataIndex = (entry & mask) - 1;
+                if (equalBlocks(data + dataIndex, blockData + blockStart, blockLength)) {
+                    return entryIndex;
+                }
+            }
+            entryIndex = nextIndex(initialEntryIndex, entryIndex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    int32_t findEntry(const uint32_t *data, uint32_t blockValue, uint32_t hashCode) const {
+        uint32_t shiftedHashCode = hashCode << shift;
+        int32_t initialEntryIndex = (hashCode % (length - 1)) + 1;  // 1..length-1
+        for (int32_t entryIndex = initialEntryIndex;;) {
+            uint32_t entry = table[entryIndex];
+            if (entry == 0) {
+                return ~entryIndex;
+            }
+            if ((entry & ~mask) == shiftedHashCode) {
+                int32_t dataIndex = (entry & mask) - 1;
+                if (allValuesSameAs(data + dataIndex, blockLength, blockValue)) {
+                    return entryIndex;
+                }
+            }
+            entryIndex = nextIndex(initialEntryIndex, entryIndex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    inline int32_t nextIndex(int32_t initialEntryIndex, int32_t entryIndex) const {
+        // U_ASSERT(0 < initialEntryIndex && initialEntryIndex < length);
+        return (entryIndex + initialEntryIndex) % length;
+    }
+
+    // Hash table.
+    // The length is a prime number, larger than the maximum data length.
+    // The "shift" lower bits store a data index + 1.
+    // The remaining upper bits store a partial hashCode of the block data values.
+    uint32_t *table = nullptr;
+    int32_t capacity = 0;
+    int32_t length = 0;
+    int32_t shift = 0;
+    uint32_t mask = 0;
+
+    int32_t blockLength = 0;
+};
+
 int32_t MutableCodePointTrie::compactWholeDataBlocks(int32_t fastILimit, AllSameBlocks &allSameBlocks) {
 #ifdef UCPTRIE_DEBUG
     bool overflow = false;
@@ -962,8 +1059,9 @@
  *
  * It does not try to find an optimal order of writing, deduplicating, and overlapping blocks.
  */
-int32_t MutableCodePointTrie::compactData(int32_t fastILimit,
-                                          uint32_t *newData, int32_t dataNullIndex) {
+int32_t MutableCodePointTrie::compactData(
+        int32_t fastILimit, uint32_t *newData, int32_t newDataCapacity,
+        int32_t dataNullIndex, MixedBlocks &mixedBlocks, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
 #ifdef UCPTRIE_DEBUG
     int32_t countSame=0, sumOverlaps=0;
     bool printData = dataLength == 29088 /* line.brk */ ||
@@ -983,8 +1081,14 @@
 #endif
     }
 
-    int32_t iLimit = highStart >> UCPTRIE_SHIFT_3;
     int32_t blockLength = UCPTRIE_FAST_DATA_BLOCK_LENGTH;
+    if (!mixedBlocks.init(newDataCapacity, blockLength)) {
+        errorCode = U_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ERROR;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    mixedBlocks.extend(newData, 0, 0, newDataLength);
+
+    int32_t iLimit = highStart >> UCPTRIE_SHIFT_3;
     int32_t inc = SMALL_DATA_BLOCKS_PER_BMP_BLOCK;
     int32_t fastLength = 0;
     for (int32_t i = ASCII_I_LIMIT; i < iLimit; i += inc) {
@@ -992,12 +1096,17 @@
             blockLength = UCPTRIE_SMALL_DATA_BLOCK_LENGTH;
             inc = 1;
             fastLength = newDataLength;
+            if (!mixedBlocks.init(newDataCapacity, blockLength)) {
+                errorCode = U_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ERROR;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            mixedBlocks.extend(newData, 0, 0, newDataLength);
         }
         if (flags[i] == ALL_SAME) {
             uint32_t value = index[i];
-            int32_t n;
             // Find an earlier part of the data array of length blockLength
             // that is filled with this value.
+            int32_t n = mixedBlocks.findAllSameBlock(newData, value);
             // If we find a match, and the current block is the data null block,
             // and it is not a fast block but matches the start of a fast block,
             // then we need to continue looking.
@@ -1005,12 +1114,10 @@
             // and not all of the rest of the fast block is filled with this value.
             // Otherwise trie.getRange() would detect that the fast block starts at
             // dataNullOffset and assume incorrectly that it is filled with the null value.
-            for (int32_t start = 0;
-                    (n = findAllSameBlock(newData, start, newDataLength,
-                                value, blockLength)) >= 0 &&
-                            i == dataNullIndex && i >= fastILimit && n < fastLength &&
-                            isStartOfSomeFastBlock(n, index, fastILimit);
-                    start = n + 1) {}
+            while (n >= 0 && i == dataNullIndex && i >= fastILimit && n < fastLength &&
+                    isStartOfSomeFastBlock(n, index, fastILimit)) {
+                n = findAllSameBlock(newData, n + 1, newDataLength, value, blockLength);
+            }
             if (n >= 0) {
                 DEBUG_DO(++countSame);
                 index[i] = n;
@@ -1023,14 +1130,16 @@
                 }
 #endif
                 index[i] = newDataLength - n;
+                int32_t prevDataLength = newDataLength;
                 while (n < blockLength) {
                     newData[newDataLength++] = value;
                     ++n;
                 }
+                mixedBlocks.extend(newData, 0, prevDataLength, newDataLength);
             }
         } else if (flags[i] == MIXED) {
             const uint32_t *block = data + index[i];
-            int32_t n = findSameBlock(newData, 0, newDataLength, block, 0, blockLength);
+            int32_t n = mixedBlocks.findBlock(newData, block, 0);
             if (n >= 0) {
                 DEBUG_DO(++countSame);
                 index[i] = n;
@@ -1043,9 +1152,11 @@
                 }
 #endif
                 index[i] = newDataLength - n;
+                int32_t prevDataLength = newDataLength;
                 while (n < blockLength) {
                     newData[newDataLength++] = block[n++];
                 }
+                mixedBlocks.extend(newData, 0, prevDataLength, newDataLength);
             }
         } else /* SAME_AS */ {
             uint32_t j = index[i];
@@ -1061,7 +1172,8 @@
     return newDataLength;
 }
 
-int32_t MutableCodePointTrie::compactIndex(int32_t fastILimit, UErrorCode &errorCode) {
+int32_t MutableCodePointTrie::compactIndex(int32_t fastILimit, MixedBlocks &mixedBlocks,
+                                           UErrorCode &errorCode) {
     int32_t fastIndexLength = fastILimit >> (UCPTRIE_FAST_SHIFT - UCPTRIE_SHIFT_3);
     if ((highStart >> UCPTRIE_FAST_SHIFT) <= fastIndexLength) {
         // Only the linear fast index, no multi-stage index tables.
@@ -1095,6 +1207,12 @@
         }
     }
 
+    if (!mixedBlocks.init(fastIndexLength, UCPTRIE_INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH)) {
+        errorCode = U_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ERROR;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    mixedBlocks.extend(fastIndex, 0, 0, fastIndexLength);
+
     // Examine index-3 blocks. For each determine one of:
     // - same as the index-3 null block
     // - same as a fast-index block
@@ -1105,6 +1223,7 @@
     // Also determine an upper limit for the index-3 table length.
     int32_t index3Capacity = 0;
     i3FirstNull = index3NullOffset;
+    bool hasLongI3Blocks = false;
     // If the fast index covers the whole BMP, then
     // the multi-stage index is only for supplementary code points.
     // Otherwise, the multi-stage index covers all of Unicode.
@@ -1129,13 +1248,13 @@
                     index3Capacity += UCPTRIE_INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH;
                 } else {
                     index3Capacity += INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH;
+                    hasLongI3Blocks = true;
                 }
                 i3FirstNull = 0;
             }
         } else {
             if (oredI3 <= 0xffff) {
-                int32_t n = findSameBlock(fastIndex, 0, fastIndexLength,
-                                          index, i, UCPTRIE_INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+                int32_t n = mixedBlocks.findBlock(fastIndex, index, i);
                 if (n >= 0) {
                     flags[i] = I3_BMP;
                     index[i] = n;
@@ -1146,6 +1265,7 @@
             } else {
                 flags[i] = I3_18;
                 index3Capacity += INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH;
+                hasLongI3Blocks = true;
             }
         }
         i = j;
@@ -1166,6 +1286,18 @@
     }
     uprv_memcpy(index16, fastIndex, fastIndexLength * 2);
 
+    if (!mixedBlocks.init(index16Capacity, UCPTRIE_INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH)) {
+        errorCode = U_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ERROR;
+        return 0;
+    }
+    MixedBlocks longI3Blocks;
+    if (hasLongI3Blocks) {
+        if (!longI3Blocks.init(index16Capacity, INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH)) {
+            errorCode = U_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_ERROR;
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
     // Compact the index-3 table and write an uncompacted version of the index-2 table.
     uint16_t index2[UNICODE_LIMIT >> UCPTRIE_SHIFT_2];  // index2Capacity
     int32_t i2Length = 0;
@@ -1185,8 +1317,7 @@
         } else if (f == I3_BMP) {
             i3 = index[i];
         } else if (f == I3_16) {
-            int32_t n = findSameBlock(index16, index3Start, indexLength,
-                                      index, i, UCPTRIE_INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+            int32_t n = mixedBlocks.findBlock(index16, index, i);
             if (n >= 0) {
                 i3 = n;
             } else {
@@ -1198,12 +1329,18 @@
                                    index, i, UCPTRIE_INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH);
                 }
                 i3 = indexLength - n;
+                int32_t prevIndexLength = indexLength;
                 while (n < UCPTRIE_INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH) {
                     index16[indexLength++] = index[i + n++];
                 }
+                mixedBlocks.extend(index16, index3Start, prevIndexLength, indexLength);
+                if (hasLongI3Blocks) {
+                    longI3Blocks.extend(index16, index3Start, prevIndexLength, indexLength);
+                }
             }
         } else {
             U_ASSERT(f == I3_18);
+            U_ASSERT(hasLongI3Blocks);
             // Encode an index-3 block that contains one or more data indexes exceeding 16 bits.
             int32_t j = i;
             int32_t jLimit = i + UCPTRIE_INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH;
@@ -1236,8 +1373,7 @@
                 index16[k++] = v;
                 index16[k - 9] = upperBits;
             } while (j < jLimit);
-            int32_t n = findSameBlock(index16, index3Start, indexLength,
-                                      index16, indexLength, INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+            int32_t n = longI3Blocks.findBlock(index16, index16, indexLength);
             if (n >= 0) {
                 i3 = n | 0x8000;
             } else {
@@ -1249,6 +1385,7 @@
                                    index16, indexLength, INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH);
                 }
                 i3 = (indexLength - n) | 0x8000;
+                int32_t prevIndexLength = indexLength;
                 if (n > 0) {
                     int32_t start = indexLength;
                     while (n < INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH) {
@@ -1257,6 +1394,10 @@
                 } else {
                     indexLength += INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH;
                 }
+                mixedBlocks.extend(index16, index3Start, prevIndexLength, indexLength);
+                if (hasLongI3Blocks) {
+                    longI3Blocks.extend(index16, index3Start, prevIndexLength, indexLength);
+                }
             }
         }
         if (index3NullOffset < 0 && i3FirstNull >= 0) {
@@ -1279,16 +1420,23 @@
     }
 
     // Compact the index-2 table and write the index-1 table.
+    static_assert(UCPTRIE_INDEX_2_BLOCK_LENGTH == UCPTRIE_INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH,
+                  "must re-init mixedBlocks");
     int32_t blockLength = UCPTRIE_INDEX_2_BLOCK_LENGTH;
     int32_t i1 = fastIndexLength;
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < i2Length; i += blockLength) {
-        if ((i2Length - i) < blockLength) {
+        int32_t n;
+        if ((i2Length - i) >= blockLength) {
+            // normal block
+            U_ASSERT(blockLength == UCPTRIE_INDEX_2_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+            n = mixedBlocks.findBlock(index16, index2, i);
+        } else {
             // highStart is inside the last index-2 block. Shorten it.
             blockLength = i2Length - i;
+            n = findSameBlock(index16, index3Start, indexLength,
+                              index2, i, blockLength);
         }
         int32_t i2;
-        int32_t n = findSameBlock(index16, index3Start, indexLength,
-                                  index2, i, blockLength);
         if (n >= 0) {
             i2 = n;
         } else {
@@ -1299,9 +1447,11 @@
                 n = getOverlap(index16, indexLength, index2, i, blockLength);
             }
             i2 = indexLength - n;
+            int32_t prevIndexLength = indexLength;
             while (n < blockLength) {
                 index16[indexLength++] = index2[i + n++];
             }
+            mixedBlocks.extend(index16, index3Start, prevIndexLength, indexLength);
         }
         // Set the index-1 table entry.
         index16[i1++] = i2;
@@ -1369,7 +1519,11 @@
     uprv_memcpy(newData, asciiData, sizeof(asciiData));
 
     int32_t dataNullIndex = allSameBlocks.findMostUsed();
-    int32_t newDataLength = compactData(fastILimit, newData, dataNullIndex);
+
+    MixedBlocks mixedBlocks;
+    int32_t newDataLength = compactData(fastILimit, newData, newDataCapacity,
+                                        dataNullIndex, mixedBlocks, errorCode);
+    if (U_FAILURE(errorCode)) { return 0; }
     U_ASSERT(newDataLength <= newDataCapacity);
     uprv_free(data);
     data = newData;
@@ -1394,7 +1548,7 @@
         dataNullOffset = UCPTRIE_NO_DATA_NULL_OFFSET;
     }
 
-    int32_t indexLength = compactIndex(fastILimit, errorCode);
+    int32_t indexLength = compactIndex(fastILimit, mixedBlocks, errorCode);
     highStart = realHighStart;
     return indexLength;
 }
diff --git a/icu4j/main/classes/core/src/com/ibm/icu/util/MutableCodePointTrie.java b/icu4j/main/classes/core/src/com/ibm/icu/util/MutableCodePointTrie.java
index de9e6bc..7892c91 100644
--- a/icu4j/main/classes/core/src/com/ibm/icu/util/MutableCodePointTrie.java
+++ b/icu4j/main/classes/core/src/com/ibm/icu/util/MutableCodePointTrie.java
@@ -526,34 +526,6 @@
     }
 
     /** Search for an identical block. */
-    private static int findSameBlock(int[] p, int pStart, int length,
-            int[] q, int qStart, int blockLength) {
-        // Ensure that we do not even partially get past length.
-        length -= blockLength;
-
-        while (pStart <= length) {
-            if (equalBlocks(p, pStart, q, qStart, blockLength)) {
-                return pStart;
-            }
-            ++pStart;
-        }
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    private static int findSameBlock(char[] p, int pStart, int length,
-            int[] q, int qStart, int blockLength) {
-        // Ensure that we do not even partially get past length.
-        length -= blockLength;
-
-        while (pStart <= length) {
-            if (equalBlocks(p, pStart, q, qStart, blockLength)) {
-                return pStart;
-            }
-            ++pStart;
-        }
-        return -1;
-    }
-
     private static int findSameBlock(char[] p, int pStart, int length,
             char[] q, int qStart, int blockLength) {
         // Ensure that we do not even partially get past length.
@@ -738,6 +710,208 @@
         private int[] refCounts = new int[CAPACITY];
     }
 
+    // Custom hash table for mixed-value blocks to be found anywhere in the
+    // compacted data or index so far.
+    private static final class MixedBlocks {
+        void init(int maxLength, int newBlockLength) {
+            // We store actual data indexes + 1 to reserve 0 for empty entries.
+            int maxDataIndex = maxLength - newBlockLength + 1;
+            int newLength;
+            if (maxDataIndex <= 0xfff) {  // 4k
+                newLength = 6007;
+                shift = 12;
+                mask = 0xfff;
+            } else if (maxDataIndex <= 0x7fff) {  // 32k
+                newLength = 50021;
+                shift = 15;
+                mask = 0x7fff;
+            } else if (maxDataIndex <= 0x1ffff) {  // 128k
+                newLength = 200003;
+                shift = 17;
+                mask = 0x1ffff;
+            } else {
+                // maxDataIndex up to around MAX_DATA_LENGTH, ca. 1.1M
+                newLength = 1500007;
+                shift = 21;
+                mask = 0x1fffff;
+            }
+            if (table == null || newLength > table.length) {
+                table = new int[newLength];
+            } else {
+                Arrays.fill(table, 0, newLength, 0);
+            }
+            length = newLength;
+
+            blockLength = newBlockLength;
+        }
+
+        void extend(int[] data, int minStart, int prevDataLength, int newDataLength) {
+            int start = prevDataLength - blockLength;
+            if (start >= minStart) {
+                ++start;  // Skip the last block that we added last time.
+            } else {
+                start = minStart;  // Begin with the first full block.
+            }
+            for (int end = newDataLength - blockLength; start <= end; ++start) {
+                int hashCode = makeHashCode(data, start);
+                addEntry(data, null, start, hashCode, start);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void extend(char[] data, int minStart, int prevDataLength, int newDataLength) {
+            int start = prevDataLength - blockLength;
+            if (start >= minStart) {
+                ++start;  // Skip the last block that we added last time.
+            } else {
+                start = minStart;  // Begin with the first full block.
+            }
+            for (int end = newDataLength - blockLength; start <= end; ++start) {
+                int hashCode = makeHashCode(data, start);
+                addEntry(null, data, start, hashCode, start);
+            }
+        }
+
+        int findBlock(int[] data, int[] blockData, int blockStart) {
+            int hashCode = makeHashCode(blockData, blockStart);
+            int entryIndex = findEntry(data, null, blockData, null, blockStart, hashCode);
+            if (entryIndex >= 0) {
+                return (table[entryIndex] & mask) - 1;
+            } else {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        int findBlock(char[] data, int[] blockData, int blockStart) {
+            int hashCode = makeHashCode(blockData, blockStart);
+            int entryIndex = findEntry(null, data, blockData, null, blockStart, hashCode);
+            if (entryIndex >= 0) {
+                return (table[entryIndex] & mask) - 1;
+            } else {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        int findBlock(char[] data, char[] blockData, int blockStart) {
+            int hashCode = makeHashCode(blockData, blockStart);
+            int entryIndex = findEntry(null, data, null, blockData, blockStart, hashCode);
+            if (entryIndex >= 0) {
+                return (table[entryIndex] & mask) - 1;
+            } else {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        int findAllSameBlock(int[] data, int blockValue) {
+            int hashCode = makeHashCode(blockValue);
+            int entryIndex = findEntry(data, blockValue, hashCode);
+            if (entryIndex >= 0) {
+                return (table[entryIndex] & mask) - 1;
+            } else {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int makeHashCode(int[] blockData, int blockStart) {
+            int blockLimit = blockStart + blockLength;
+            int hashCode = blockData[blockStart++];
+            do {
+                hashCode = 37 * hashCode + blockData[blockStart++];
+            } while (blockStart < blockLimit);
+            return hashCode;
+        }
+
+        private int makeHashCode(char[] blockData, int blockStart) {
+            int blockLimit = blockStart + blockLength;
+            int hashCode = blockData[blockStart++];
+            do {
+                hashCode = 37 * hashCode + blockData[blockStart++];
+            } while (blockStart < blockLimit);
+            return hashCode;
+        }
+
+        private int makeHashCode(int blockValue) {
+            int hashCode = blockValue;
+            for (int i = 1; i < blockLength; ++i) {
+                hashCode = 37 * hashCode + blockValue;
+            }
+            return hashCode;
+        }
+
+        private void addEntry(int[] data32, char[] data16, int blockStart, int hashCode, int dataIndex) {
+            assert(0 <= dataIndex && dataIndex < mask);
+            int entryIndex = findEntry(data32, data16, data32, data16, blockStart, hashCode);
+            if (entryIndex < 0) {
+                table[~entryIndex] = (hashCode << shift) | (dataIndex + 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int findEntry(int[] data32, char[] data16,
+                int[] blockData32, char[] blockData16, int blockStart, int hashCode) {
+            int shiftedHashCode = hashCode << shift;
+            int initialEntryIndex = modulo(hashCode, length - 1) + 1;  // 1..length-1
+            for (int entryIndex = initialEntryIndex;;) {
+                int entry = table[entryIndex];
+                if (entry == 0) {
+                    return ~entryIndex;
+                }
+                if ((entry & ~mask) == shiftedHashCode) {
+                    int dataIndex = (entry & mask) - 1;
+                    if (data32 != null ?
+                            equalBlocks(data32, dataIndex, blockData32, blockStart, blockLength) :
+                            blockData32 != null ?
+                                equalBlocks(data16, dataIndex, blockData32, blockStart, blockLength) :
+                                equalBlocks(data16, dataIndex, blockData16, blockStart, blockLength)) {
+                        return entryIndex;
+                    }
+                }
+                entryIndex = nextIndex(initialEntryIndex, entryIndex);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int findEntry(int[] data, int blockValue, int hashCode) {
+            int shiftedHashCode = hashCode << shift;
+            int initialEntryIndex = modulo(hashCode, length - 1) + 1;  // 1..length-1
+            for (int entryIndex = initialEntryIndex;;) {
+                int entry = table[entryIndex];
+                if (entry == 0) {
+                    return ~entryIndex;
+                }
+                if ((entry & ~mask) == shiftedHashCode) {
+                    int dataIndex = (entry & mask) - 1;
+                    if (allValuesSameAs(data, dataIndex, blockLength, blockValue)) {
+                        return entryIndex;
+                    }
+                }
+                entryIndex = nextIndex(initialEntryIndex, entryIndex);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int nextIndex(int initialEntryIndex, int entryIndex) {
+            // U_ASSERT(0 < initialEntryIndex && initialEntryIndex < length);
+            return (entryIndex + initialEntryIndex) % length;
+        }
+
+        /** Ensures non-negative n % m (that is 0..m-1). */
+        private int modulo(int n, int m) {
+            int i = n % m;
+            if (i < 0) {
+                i += m;
+            }
+            return i;
+        }
+
+        // Hash table.
+        // The length is a prime number, larger than the maximum data length.
+        // The "shift" lower bits store a data index + 1.
+        // The remaining upper bits store a partial hashCode of the block data values.
+        private int[] table;
+        private int length;
+        private int shift;
+        private int mask;
+
+        private int blockLength;
+    }
+
     private int compactWholeDataBlocks(int fastILimit, AllSameBlocks allSameBlocks) {
         // ASCII data will be stored as a linear table, even if the following code
         // does not yet count it that way.
@@ -836,7 +1010,8 @@
      *
      * It does not try to find an optimal order of writing, deduplicating, and overlapping blocks.
      */
-    private int compactData(int fastILimit, int[] newData, int dataNullIndex) {
+    private int compactData(
+            int fastILimit, int[] newData, int dataNullIndex, MixedBlocks mixedBlocks) {
         // The linear ASCII data has been copied into newData already.
         int newDataLength = 0;
         for (int i = 0; newDataLength < ASCII_LIMIT;
@@ -844,8 +1019,11 @@
             index[i] = newDataLength;
         }
 
-        int iLimit = highStart >> CodePointTrie.SHIFT_3;
         int blockLength = CodePointTrie.FAST_DATA_BLOCK_LENGTH;
+        mixedBlocks.init(newData.length, blockLength);
+        mixedBlocks.extend(newData, 0, 0, newDataLength);
+
+        int iLimit = highStart >> CodePointTrie.SHIFT_3;
         int inc = SMALL_DATA_BLOCKS_PER_BMP_BLOCK;
         int fastLength = 0;
         for (int i = ASCII_I_LIMIT; i < iLimit; i += inc) {
@@ -853,11 +1031,14 @@
                 blockLength = CodePointTrie.SMALL_DATA_BLOCK_LENGTH;
                 inc = 1;
                 fastLength = newDataLength;
+                mixedBlocks.init(newData.length, blockLength);
+                mixedBlocks.extend(newData, 0, 0, newDataLength);
             }
             if (flags[i] == ALL_SAME) {
                 int value = index[i];
                 // Find an earlier part of the data array of length blockLength
                 // that is filled with this value.
+                int n = mixedBlocks.findAllSameBlock(newData, value);
                 // If we find a match, and the current block is the data null block,
                 // and it is not a fast block but matches the start of a fast block,
                 // then we need to continue looking.
@@ -865,34 +1046,35 @@
                 // and not all of the rest of the fast block is filled with this value.
                 // Otherwise trie.getRange() would detect that the fast block starts at
                 // dataNullOffset and assume incorrectly that it is filled with the null value.
-                int n;
-                for (int start = 0;
-                        (n = findAllSameBlock(newData, start, newDataLength,
-                                    value, blockLength)) >= 0 &&
-                                i == dataNullIndex && i >= fastILimit && n < fastLength &&
-                                isStartOfSomeFastBlock(n, index, fastILimit);
-                        start = n + 1) {}
+                while (n >= 0 && i == dataNullIndex && i >= fastILimit && n < fastLength &&
+                        isStartOfSomeFastBlock(n, index, fastILimit)) {
+                    n = findAllSameBlock(newData, n + 1, newDataLength, value, blockLength);
+                }
                 if (n >= 0) {
                     index[i] = n;
                 } else {
                     n = getAllSameOverlap(newData, newDataLength, value, blockLength);
                     index[i] = newDataLength - n;
+                    int prevDataLength = newDataLength;
                     while (n < blockLength) {
                         newData[newDataLength++] = value;
                         ++n;
                     }
+                    mixedBlocks.extend(newData, 0, prevDataLength, newDataLength);
                 }
             } else if (flags[i] == MIXED) {
                 int block = index[i];
-                int n = findSameBlock(newData, 0, newDataLength, data, block, blockLength);
+                int n = mixedBlocks.findBlock(newData, data, block);
                 if (n >= 0) {
                     index[i] = n;
                 } else {
                     n = getOverlap(newData, newDataLength, data, block, blockLength);
                     index[i] = newDataLength - n;
+                    int prevDataLength = newDataLength;
                     while (n < blockLength) {
                         newData[newDataLength++] = data[block + n++];
                     }
+                    mixedBlocks.extend(newData, 0, prevDataLength, newDataLength);
                 }
             } else /* SAME_AS */ {
                 int j = index[i];
@@ -903,7 +1085,7 @@
         return newDataLength;
     }
 
-    private int compactIndex(int fastILimit) {
+    private int compactIndex(int fastILimit, MixedBlocks mixedBlocks) {
         int fastIndexLength = fastILimit >> (CodePointTrie.FAST_SHIFT - CodePointTrie.SHIFT_3);
         if ((highStart >> CodePointTrie.FAST_SHIFT) <= fastIndexLength) {
             // Only the linear fast index, no multi-stage index tables.
@@ -937,6 +1119,9 @@
             }
         }
 
+        mixedBlocks.init(fastIndexLength, CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+        mixedBlocks.extend(fastIndex, 0, 0, fastIndexLength);
+
         // Examine index-3 blocks. For each determine one of:
         // - same as the index-3 null block
         // - same as a fast-index block
@@ -947,6 +1132,7 @@
         // Also determine an upper limit for the index-3 table length.
         int index3Capacity = 0;
         i3FirstNull = index3NullOffset;
+        boolean hasLongI3Blocks = false;
         // If the fast index covers the whole BMP, then
         // the multi-stage index is only for supplementary code points.
         // Otherwise, the multi-stage index covers all of Unicode.
@@ -971,13 +1157,13 @@
                         index3Capacity += CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH;
                     } else {
                         index3Capacity += INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH;
+                        hasLongI3Blocks = true;
                     }
                     i3FirstNull = 0;
                 }
             } else {
                 if (oredI3 <= 0xffff) {
-                    int n = findSameBlock(fastIndex, 0, fastIndexLength,
-                                              index, i, CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+                    int n = mixedBlocks.findBlock(fastIndex, index, i);
                     if (n >= 0) {
                         flags[i] = I3_BMP;
                         index[i] = n;
@@ -988,6 +1174,7 @@
                 } else {
                     flags[i] = I3_18;
                     index3Capacity += INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH;
+                    hasLongI3Blocks = true;
                 }
             }
             i = j;
@@ -1003,6 +1190,13 @@
         int index16Capacity = fastIndexLength + index1Length + index3Capacity + index2Capacity + 1;
         index16 = Arrays.copyOf(fastIndex, index16Capacity);
 
+        mixedBlocks.init(index16Capacity, CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+        MixedBlocks longI3Blocks = null;
+        if (hasLongI3Blocks) {
+            longI3Blocks = new MixedBlocks();
+            longI3Blocks.init(index16Capacity, INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+        }
+
         // Compact the index-3 table and write an uncompacted version of the index-2 table.
         char[] index2 = new char[index2Capacity];
         int i2Length = 0;
@@ -1022,8 +1216,7 @@
             } else if (f == I3_BMP) {
                 i3 = index[i];
             } else if (f == I3_16) {
-                int n = findSameBlock(index16, index3Start, indexLength,
-                                          index, i, CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+                int n = mixedBlocks.findBlock(index16, index, i);
                 if (n >= 0) {
                     i3 = n;
                 } else {
@@ -1035,12 +1228,18 @@
                                        index, i, CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH);
                     }
                     i3 = indexLength - n;
+                    int prevIndexLength = indexLength;
                     while (n < CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH) {
                         index16[indexLength++] = (char)index[i + n++];
                     }
+                    mixedBlocks.extend(index16, index3Start, prevIndexLength, indexLength);
+                    if (hasLongI3Blocks) {
+                        longI3Blocks.extend(index16, index3Start, prevIndexLength, indexLength);
+                    }
                 }
             } else {
                 assert(f == I3_18);
+                assert(hasLongI3Blocks);
                 // Encode an index-3 block that contains one or more data indexes exceeding 16 bits.
                 int j = i;
                 int jLimit = i + CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH;
@@ -1073,8 +1272,7 @@
                     index16[k++] = (char)v;
                     index16[k - 9] = (char)upperBits;
                 } while (j < jLimit);
-                int n = findSameBlock(index16, index3Start, indexLength,
-                                          index16, indexLength, INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+                int n = longI3Blocks.findBlock(index16, index16, indexLength);
                 if (n >= 0) {
                     i3 = n | 0x8000;
                 } else {
@@ -1086,6 +1284,7 @@
                                        index16, indexLength, INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH);
                     }
                     i3 = (indexLength - n) | 0x8000;
+                    int prevIndexLength = indexLength;
                     if (n > 0) {
                         int start = indexLength;
                         while (n < INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH) {
@@ -1094,6 +1293,10 @@
                     } else {
                         indexLength += INDEX_3_18BIT_BLOCK_LENGTH;
                     }
+                    mixedBlocks.extend(index16, index3Start, prevIndexLength, indexLength);
+                    if (hasLongI3Blocks) {
+                        longI3Blocks.extend(index16, index3Start, prevIndexLength, indexLength);
+                    }
                 }
             }
             if (index3NullOffset < 0 && i3FirstNull >= 0) {
@@ -1116,16 +1319,23 @@
         }
 
         // Compact the index-2 table and write the index-1 table.
+        // assert(CodePointTrie.INDEX_2_BLOCK_LENGTH == CodePointTrie.INDEX_3_BLOCK_LENGTH) :
+        //     "must re-init mixedBlocks";
         int blockLength = CodePointTrie.INDEX_2_BLOCK_LENGTH;
         int i1 = fastIndexLength;
         for (int i = 0; i < i2Length; i += blockLength) {
-            if ((i2Length - i) < blockLength) {
+            int n;
+            if ((i2Length - i) >= blockLength) {
+                // normal block
+                assert(blockLength == CodePointTrie.INDEX_2_BLOCK_LENGTH);
+                n = mixedBlocks.findBlock(index16, index2, i);
+            } else {
                 // highStart is inside the last index-2 block. Shorten it.
                 blockLength = i2Length - i;
+                n = findSameBlock(index16, index3Start, indexLength,
+                        index2, i, blockLength);
             }
             int i2;
-            int n = findSameBlock(index16, index3Start, indexLength,
-                                      index2, i, blockLength);
             if (n >= 0) {
                 i2 = n;
             } else {
@@ -1136,9 +1346,11 @@
                     n = getOverlap(index16, indexLength, index2, i, blockLength);
                 }
                 i2 = indexLength - n;
+                int prevIndexLength = indexLength;
                 while (n < blockLength) {
                     index16[indexLength++] = index2[i + n++];
                 }
+                mixedBlocks.extend(index16, index3Start, prevIndexLength, indexLength);
             }
             // Set the index-1 table entry.
             index16[i1++] = (char)i2;
@@ -1186,7 +1398,9 @@
         int[] newData = Arrays.copyOf(asciiData, newDataCapacity);
 
         int dataNullIndex = allSameBlocks.findMostUsed();
-        int newDataLength = compactData(fastILimit, newData, dataNullIndex);
+
+        MixedBlocks mixedBlocks = new MixedBlocks();
+        int newDataLength = compactData(fastILimit, newData, dataNullIndex, mixedBlocks);
         assert(newDataLength <= newDataCapacity);
         data = newData;
         dataLength = newDataLength;
@@ -1203,7 +1417,7 @@
             dataNullOffset = CodePointTrie.NO_DATA_NULL_OFFSET;
         }
 
-        int indexLength = compactIndex(fastILimit);
+        int indexLength = compactIndex(fastILimit, mixedBlocks);
         highStart = realHighStart;
         return indexLength;
     }