encoding: add simple benchmarks to compare V1 vs V2

name          old time/op    new time/op     delta
TextEncode-4    7.70ms ± 2%    18.57ms ± 3%    +141.06%  (p=0.000 n=10+9)
TextDecode-4    9.62ms ± 6%   252.85ms ±10%   +2529.10%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
JSONEncode-4    30.3ms ± 0%     10.7ms ± 7%     -64.80%  (p=0.000 n=9+9)
JSONDecode-4    54.1ms ± 0%    880.1ms ± 3%   +1526.65%  (p=0.000 n=9+10)

name          old alloc/op   new alloc/op    delta
TextEncode-4    3.98MB ± 0%    28.90MB ± 0%    +626.36%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
TextDecode-4    2.74MB ± 0%  1158.24MB ± 0%  +42114.16%  (p=0.000 n=10+8)
JSONEncode-4    10.3MB ± 0%      3.9MB ± 0%     -61.74%  (p=0.000 n=10+9)
JSONDecode-4    19.0MB ± 0%   3349.9MB ± 0%  +17534.57%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)

name          old allocs/op  new allocs/op   delta
TextEncode-4     43.9k ± 0%      73.5k ± 0%     +67.53%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
TextDecode-4     56.2k ± 0%     277.1k ± 0%    +393.31%  (p=0.000 n=8+8)
JSONEncode-4      465k ± 0%        64k ± 0%     -86.30%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)
JSONDecode-4      289k ± 0%       247k ± 0%     -14.58%  (p=0.000 n=10+10)

Change-Id: I593a52445b6356eec1488236d5f1f1a8c4b62cb3
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/protobuf/+/172137
Reviewed-by: Damien Neil <dneil@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Joe Tsai <thebrokentoaster@gmail.com>
diff --git a/encoding/bench_test.go b/encoding/bench_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca866c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/encoding/bench_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package encoding_test
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	jsonpbV1 "github.com/golang/protobuf/jsonpb"
+	protoV1 "github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
+	"github.com/golang/protobuf/v2/encoding/jsonpb"
+	"github.com/golang/protobuf/v2/encoding/textpb"
+	pref "github.com/golang/protobuf/v2/reflect/protoreflect"
+
+	tpb "github.com/golang/protobuf/v2/internal/testprotos/test"
+)
+
+// The results of these microbenchmarks are unlikely to correspond well
+// to real world peformance. They are mainly useful as a quick check to
+// detect unexpected regressions and for profiling specific cases.
+
+var benchV1 = flag.Bool("v1", false, "benchmark the v1 implementation")
+
+const (
+	boolValue  = true
+	intValue   = 1 << 30
+	floatValue = 3.14159265
+	strValue   = "hello world"
+
+	maxRecurseLevel = 3
+)
+
+func makeProto() *tpb.TestAllTypes {
+	m := &tpb.TestAllTypes{}
+	fillMessage(m.ProtoReflect(), 0)
+	return m
+}
+
+func fillMessage(m pref.Message, level int) {
+	if level > maxRecurseLevel {
+		return
+	}
+
+	knownFields := m.KnownFields()
+	fieldDescs := m.Type().Fields()
+	for i := 0; i < fieldDescs.Len(); i++ {
+		fd := fieldDescs.Get(i)
+		num := fd.Number()
+		if cardinality := fd.Cardinality(); cardinality == pref.Repeated {
+			if !fd.IsMap() {
+				setList(knownFields.Get(num).List(), fd, level)
+			} else {
+				setMap(knownFields.Get(num).Map(), fd, level)
+			}
+		} else {
+			setScalarField(knownFields, fd, level)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func setScalarField(knownFields pref.KnownFields, fd pref.FieldDescriptor, level int) {
+	num := fd.Number()
+	switch fd.Kind() {
+	case pref.MessageKind, pref.GroupKind:
+		m := knownFields.NewMessage(num)
+		fillMessage(m, level+1)
+		knownFields.Set(num, pref.ValueOf(m))
+	default:
+		knownFields.Set(num, scalarField(fd.Kind()))
+	}
+}
+
+func scalarField(kind pref.Kind) pref.Value {
+	switch kind {
+	case pref.BoolKind:
+		return pref.ValueOf(boolValue)
+
+	case pref.Int32Kind, pref.Sint32Kind, pref.Sfixed32Kind:
+		return pref.ValueOf(int32(intValue))
+
+	case pref.Int64Kind, pref.Sint64Kind, pref.Sfixed64Kind:
+		return pref.ValueOf(int64(intValue))
+
+	case pref.Uint32Kind, pref.Fixed32Kind:
+		return pref.ValueOf(uint32(intValue))
+
+	case pref.Uint64Kind, pref.Fixed64Kind:
+		return pref.ValueOf(uint64(intValue))
+
+	case pref.FloatKind:
+		return pref.ValueOf(float32(floatValue))
+
+	case pref.DoubleKind:
+		return pref.ValueOf(float64(floatValue))
+
+	case pref.BytesKind:
+		return pref.ValueOf([]byte(strValue))
+
+	case pref.StringKind:
+		return pref.ValueOf(strValue)
+
+	case pref.EnumKind:
+		return pref.ValueOf(pref.EnumNumber(42))
+	}
+
+	panic(fmt.Sprintf("FieldDescriptor.Kind %v is not valid", kind))
+}
+
+func setList(list pref.List, fd pref.FieldDescriptor, level int) {
+	switch fd.Kind() {
+	case pref.MessageKind, pref.GroupKind:
+		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			m := list.NewMessage()
+			fillMessage(m, level+1)
+			list.Append(pref.ValueOf(m))
+		}
+	default:
+		for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+			list.Append(scalarField(fd.Kind()))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func setMap(mmap pref.Map, fd pref.FieldDescriptor, level int) {
+	fields := fd.MessageType().Fields()
+	keyDesc := fields.ByNumber(1)
+	valDesc := fields.ByNumber(2)
+
+	pkey := scalarField(keyDesc.Kind())
+	switch kind := valDesc.Kind(); kind {
+	case pref.MessageKind, pref.GroupKind:
+		m := mmap.NewMessage()
+		fillMessage(m, level+1)
+		mmap.Set(pkey.MapKey(), pref.ValueOf(m))
+	default:
+		mmap.Set(pkey.MapKey(), scalarField(kind))
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkTextEncode(b *testing.B) {
+	m := makeProto()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		if *benchV1 {
+			protoV1.MarshalTextString(m)
+		} else {
+			_, err := textpb.MarshalOptions{Indent: "  "}.Marshal(m)
+			if err != nil {
+				b.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkTextDecode(b *testing.B) {
+	m := makeProto()
+	in, err := textpb.MarshalOptions{Indent: "  "}.Marshal(m)
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		m := &tpb.TestAllTypes{}
+		var err error
+		if *benchV1 {
+			err = protoV1.UnmarshalText(string(in), m)
+		} else {
+			err = textpb.Unmarshal(m, in)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkJSONEncode(b *testing.B) {
+	m := makeProto()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		var err error
+		if *benchV1 {
+			jsm := &jsonpbV1.Marshaler{Indent: "  "}
+			_, err = jsm.MarshalToString(m)
+		} else {
+			_, err = jsonpb.MarshalOptions{Indent: "  "}.Marshal(m)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkJSONDecode(b *testing.B) {
+	m := makeProto()
+	out, err := jsonpb.MarshalOptions{Indent: "  "}.Marshal(m)
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		m := &tpb.TestAllTypes{}
+		var err error
+		if *benchV1 {
+			err = jsonpbV1.UnmarshalString(string(out), m)
+		} else {
+			err = jsonpb.Unmarshal(m, out)
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+}