inc/sbuf_parser.h

/**
 * Copyright (c) 2019, The Linux Foundation. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met:
 *    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 *      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 *      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
 *      with the distribution.
 *    * Neither the name of The Linux Foundation nor the names of its
 *      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *      from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
 * BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
 * WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE
 * OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#ifndef SBUF_PARSER_H
#define SBUF_PARSER_H

#include "sbuf.h"

/**
 * Greedy Recursive Descent Parser in C
 *
 * Stop using strstr or regular expressions.  This simple Recursive Descent Parser can be
 * used to handle complex grammars.
 *
 * For example:
 *   parsing a query string form a uri
 *   input: "file:///foo/bar_far.so.1?_blah1&_bar=barval5&_barfar"
 *   expected output:
 *      parsed query: _blah1 =
 *      parsed query: _bar = barval5
 *      parsed query: _barfar =
 *
 *   static int qmark(struct sbuf *buf) {
 *      return sbuf_char(buf, '?');
 *   }
 *   static int notandoreq(struct sbuf *buf) {
 *      return sbuf_notchars(buf, "&=");
 *   }
 *   static int notand(struct sbuf *buf) {
 *      return sbuf_notchar(buf, '&');
 *   }
 *
 *   const char *name;
 *   int nameLen;
 *   const char *value;
 *   int valueLen;
 *   const char *data = "file:///foo/bar_far.so.1?_blah1&_bar=barval5&_barfar";
 *
 *   //initialize
 *   sbuf_parser_init(&buf, data, strlen(data));
 *
 *   //parse until question mark
 *   assert(sbuf_until(&buf, sbuf_any, qmark));
 *
 *   //parse each query
 *   while(!sbuf_end(&buf)) {
 *      //record where the name starts
 *      name = sbuf_cur(&buf);
 *
 *      //name is valid until '=' or '&'
 *      assert(sbuf_many1(&buf, notandoreq));
 *      nameLen = sbuf_cur(&buf) - name;
 *
 *      value = 0;
 *      valueLen = 0;
 *      //if the next char is a '=' then we also get a value
 *      if(sbuf_char(&buf, '=')) {
 *         value = sbuf_cur(&buf);
 *
 *         //value is until the next query that starts with '&'
 *         assert(sbuf_many1(&buf, notand));
 *         valueLen = sbuf_cur(&buf) - value;
 *      }
 *      //expect '&' or end
 *      sbuf_char(&buf, '&');
 *      printf("parsed query: %.*s = %.*s\n", nameLen, name, valueLen, value);
 *   }
 *
 */

//! init
static __inline void sbuf_parser_init(struct sbuf* buf, const char *data, int dataLen) {
   sbuf_init(buf, 0, (void*)data, dataLen);
}

//! current postiion
static __inline char *sbuf_cur(struct sbuf* buf) {
   return (char*)sbuf_head(buf);
}

//! look at the next character if the buffer is still valid
static __inline int sbuf_peek(struct sbuf* buf, char* c) {
   if(!sbuf_valid(buf)) {
      return 0;
   }
   *c = *sbuf_cur(buf);
   return 1;
}

//! returns true if the buffer is ended
static __inline int sbuf_end(struct sbuf* buf) {
   return sbuf_left(buf) == 0;
}

//! consume 1 char if its in string chars
static __inline int sbuf_chars(struct sbuf *buf, const char *chars) {
   int i = 0;
   char c;
   if(!sbuf_peek(buf, &c)) {
      return 0;
   }
   for(i = 0; chars[i] != 0; ++i) {
      if(c == chars[i]) {
         sbuf_advance(buf, 1);
         return 1;
      }
   }
   return 0;
}

//! consume 1 char only if its not in string chars
static __inline int sbuf_notchars(struct sbuf *buf, const char *chars) {
   int i = 0;
   char c;
   if(!sbuf_peek(buf, &c)) {
      return 0;
   }
   for(i = 0; chars[i] != 0; ++i) {
      if(c == chars[i]) {
         return 0;
      }
   }
   sbuf_advance(buf, 1);
   return 1;
}

//! consume only char t
static __inline int sbuf_char(struct sbuf *buf, const char t) {
   char str[2] = {t, 0};
   return sbuf_chars(buf, str);
}

//! consume any char except for t
static __inline int sbuf_notchar(struct sbuf *buf, const char t) {
   char str[2] = {t, 0};
   return sbuf_notchars(buf, str);
}

/**
 * consume any char
 */
static __inline int sbuf_any(struct sbuf* buf) {
   return sbuf_notchars(buf, "");
}


/**
 * range is pairs of characters
 *
 * pairs are inclusive, start must be less then or equal then the end
 *
 * for example: AZaz09--..
 *   matches uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, dashes and dots
 *
 */
static __inline int sbuf_range(struct sbuf *buf, const char *chars) {
   int i, j;
   char c;
   if(!sbuf_peek(buf, &c)) {
      return 0;
   }
   for(i = 0, j = 1; chars[i] != 0 && chars[j] != 0; i+=2,j+=2) {
      if(c >= chars[i] && c <= chars[j]) {
         sbuf_advance(buf, 1);
         return 1;
      }
   }
   return 0;
}


/**
 * greedly consume and match the entire string
 * empty string always succeeds without consuming any data
 */
static __inline int sbuf_string(struct sbuf *buf, const char *str) {
   int i = 0;
   for(i = 0; str[i] != 0; ++i) {
      if(!sbuf_char(buf, str[i])) {
         return 0;
      }
   }
   return 1;
}

/**
 * consumes until fails
 */
static __inline int sbuf_many(struct sbuf *buf,
                              int(*consume)(struct sbuf *buf))
{
   if(!sbuf_valid(buf)) {
      return 0;
   }
   while(consume(buf)) {;}
   return 1;
}
/**
 * consumes until fails, must consume at least 1
 */
static __inline int sbuf_many1(struct sbuf *buf,
                               int(*consume)(struct sbuf *buf))
{
   if(!consume(buf)) {
      return 0;
   }
   sbuf_many(buf, consume);
   return 1;
}
/**
 * runs 'consume' until 'stop' succeeds
 * 'stop' must fail in such a way that it doesn't consume any data
 */
static __inline int sbuf_until(struct sbuf *buf,
                               int(*consume)(struct sbuf *buf),
                               int(*stop)(struct sbuf *buf))
{
   while(!stop(buf)) {
      if(!consume(buf))  {
         return 0;
      }
   }
   return 1;
}

/**
 * allows for backtracking,
 * @param parser, runs parser and only consume if it succeeds
 */
static __inline int sbuf_try(struct sbuf *buf, int(*parser)(struct sbuf *buf))
{
   struct sbuf tryp;
   sbuf_parser_init(&tryp, sbuf_cur(buf), sbuf_left(buf));
   if(parser(&tryp)) {
      sbuf_advance(buf, sbuf_cur(&tryp) - sbuf_cur(buf));
      return 1;
   }
   return 0;
}
#endif // SBUF_PARSER_H