lib/sanitizer_common/sanitizer_allocator64.h

//===-- sanitizer_allocator64.h ---------------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Specialized allocator which works only in 64-bit address space.
// To be used by ThreadSanitizer, MemorySanitizer and possibly other tools.
// The main feature of this allocator is that the header is located far away
// from the user memory region, so that the tool does not use extra shadow
// for the header.
//
// Status: not yet ready.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
#ifndef SANITIZER_ALLOCATOR_H
#define SANITIZER_ALLOCATOR_H

#include "sanitizer_common.h"
#include "sanitizer_internal_defs.h"
#include "sanitizer_libc.h"
#include "sanitizer_list.h"
#include "sanitizer_mutex.h"

namespace __sanitizer {

// Maps size class id to size and back.
class DefaultSizeClassMap {
 private:
  // Here we use a spline composed of 5 polynomials of oder 1.
  // The first size class is l0, then the classes go with step s0
  // untill they reach l1, after which they go with step s1 and so on.
  // Steps should be powers of two for cheap division.
  // The size of the last size class should be a power of two.
  // There should be at most 256 size classes.
  static const uptr l0 = 1 << 4;
  static const uptr l1 = 1 << 9;
  static const uptr l2 = 1 << 12;
  static const uptr l3 = 1 << 15;
  static const uptr l4 = 1 << 18;
  static const uptr l5 = 1 << 21;

  static const uptr s0 = 1 << 4;
  static const uptr s1 = 1 << 6;
  static const uptr s2 = 1 << 9;
  static const uptr s3 = 1 << 12;
  static const uptr s4 = 1 << 15;

  static const uptr u0 = 0  + (l1 - l0) / s0;
  static const uptr u1 = u0 + (l2 - l1) / s1;
  static const uptr u2 = u1 + (l3 - l2) / s2;
  static const uptr u3 = u2 + (l4 - l3) / s3;
  static const uptr u4 = u3 + (l5 - l4) / s4;

  // Max cached in local cache blocks.
  static const uptr c0 = 256;
  static const uptr c1 = 64;
  static const uptr c2 = 16;
  static const uptr c3 = 4;
  static const uptr c4 = 1;

 public:
  static const uptr kNumClasses = u4 + 1;
  static const uptr kMaxSize = l5;
  static const uptr kMinSize = l0;

  COMPILER_CHECK(kNumClasses <= 256);
  COMPILER_CHECK((kMaxSize & (kMaxSize - 1)) == 0);

  static uptr Size(uptr class_id) {
    if (class_id <= u0) return l0 + s0 * (class_id - 0);
    if (class_id <= u1) return l1 + s1 * (class_id - u0);
    if (class_id <= u2) return l2 + s2 * (class_id - u1);
    if (class_id <= u3) return l3 + s3 * (class_id - u2);
    if (class_id <= u4) return l4 + s4 * (class_id - u3);
    return 0;
  }
  static uptr ClassID(uptr size) {
    if (size <= l1) return 0  + (size - l0 + s0 - 1) / s0;
    if (size <= l2) return u0 + (size - l1 + s1 - 1) / s1;
    if (size <= l3) return u1 + (size - l2 + s2 - 1) / s2;
    if (size <= l4) return u2 + (size - l3 + s3 - 1) / s3;
    if (size <= l5) return u3 + (size - l4 + s4 - 1) / s4;
    return 0;
  }

  static uptr MaxCached(uptr class_id) {
    if (class_id <= u0) return c0;
    if (class_id <= u1) return c1;
    if (class_id <= u2) return c2;
    if (class_id <= u3) return c3;
    if (class_id <= u4) return c4;
    return 0;
  }
};

struct AllocatorListNode {
  AllocatorListNode *next;
};

typedef IntrusiveList<AllocatorListNode> AllocatorFreeList;


// Space: a portion of address space of kSpaceSize bytes starting at
// a fixed address (kSpaceBeg). Both constants are powers of two and
// kSpaceBeg is kSpaceSize-aligned.
//
// Region: a part of Space dedicated to a single size class.
// There are kNumClasses Regions of equal size.
//
// UserChunk: a piece of memory returned to user.
// MetaChunk: kMetadataSize bytes of metadata associated with a UserChunk.
//
// A Region looks like this:
// UserChunk1 ... UserChunkN <gap> MetaChunkN ... MetaChunk1
template <const uptr kSpaceBeg, const uptr kSpaceSize,
          const uptr kMetadataSize, class SizeClassMap>
class SizeClassAllocator64 {
 public:
  void Init() {
    CHECK_EQ(AllocBeg(), reinterpret_cast<uptr>(MmapFixedNoReserve(
             AllocBeg(), AllocSize())));
  }

  bool CanAllocate(uptr size, uptr alignment) {
    return size <= SizeClassMap::kMaxSize &&
      alignment <= SizeClassMap::kMaxSize;
  }

  void *Allocate(uptr size, uptr alignment) {
    CHECK(CanAllocate(size, alignment));
    return AllocateBySizeClass(SizeClassMap::ClassID(size));
  }

  void Deallocate(void *p) {
    CHECK(PointerIsMine(p));
    DeallocateBySizeClass(p, GetSizeClass(p));
  }

  // Allocate several chunks of the given class_id.
  void BulkAllocate(uptr class_id, AllocatorFreeList *free_list) {
    CHECK_LT(class_id, kNumClasses);
    RegionInfo *region = GetRegionInfo(class_id);
    SpinMutexLock l(&region->mutex);
    if (region->free_list.empty()) {
      PopulateFreeList(class_id, region);
    }
    CHECK(!region->free_list.empty());
    const uptr count = SizeClassMap::MaxCached(class_id);
    for (uptr i = 0; i < count && !region->free_list.empty(); i++) {
      AllocatorListNode *node = region->free_list.front();
      region->free_list.pop_front();
      free_list->push_front(node);
    }
    CHECK(!free_list->empty());
  }

  // Swallow the entire free_list for the given class_id.
  void BulkDeallocate(uptr class_id, AllocatorFreeList *free_list) {
    CHECK_LT(class_id, kNumClasses);
    RegionInfo *region = GetRegionInfo(class_id);
    SpinMutexLock l(&region->mutex);
    region->free_list.append_front(free_list);
  }

  static bool PointerIsMine(void *p) {
    return reinterpret_cast<uptr>(p) / kSpaceSize == kSpaceBeg / kSpaceSize;
  }

  static uptr GetSizeClass(void *p) {
    return (reinterpret_cast<uptr>(p) / kRegionSize) % kNumClasses;
  }

  uptr GetActuallyAllocatedSize(void *p) {
    CHECK(PointerIsMine(p));
    return SizeClassMap::Size(GetSizeClass(p));
  }

  uptr ClassID(uptr size) { return SizeClassMap::ClassID(size); }

  void *GetMetaData(void *p) {
    uptr class_id = GetSizeClass(p);
    uptr chunk_idx = GetChunkIdx(reinterpret_cast<uptr>(p), class_id);
    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(kSpaceBeg + (kRegionSize * (class_id + 1)) -
                                   (1 + chunk_idx) * kMetadataSize);
  }

  uptr TotalMemoryUsed() {
    uptr res = 0;
    for (uptr i = 0; i < kNumClasses; i++)
      res += GetRegionInfo(i)->allocated_user;
    return res;
  }

  // Test-only.
  void TestOnlyUnmap() {
    UnmapOrDie(reinterpret_cast<void*>(AllocBeg()), AllocSize());
  }

  static uptr AllocBeg()  { return kSpaceBeg  - AdditionalSize(); }
  static uptr AllocEnd()  { return kSpaceBeg  + kSpaceSize; }
  static uptr AllocSize() { return kSpaceSize + AdditionalSize(); }

  static const uptr kNumClasses = 256;  // Power of two <= 256
  typedef SizeClassMap SizeClassMapT;

 private:
  COMPILER_CHECK(kSpaceBeg % kSpaceSize == 0);
  COMPILER_CHECK(kNumClasses <= SizeClassMap::kNumClasses);
  static const uptr kRegionSize = kSpaceSize / kNumClasses;
  COMPILER_CHECK((kRegionSize >> 32) > 0);  // kRegionSize must be >= 2^32.
  // Populate the free list with at most this number of bytes at once
  // or with one element if its size is greater.
  static const uptr kPopulateSize = 1 << 18;

  struct RegionInfo {
    SpinMutex mutex;
    AllocatorFreeList free_list;
    uptr allocated_user;  // Bytes allocated for user memory.
    uptr allocated_meta;  // Bytes allocated for metadata.
    char padding[kCacheLineSize - 3 * sizeof(uptr) - sizeof(AllocatorFreeList)];
  };
  COMPILER_CHECK(sizeof(RegionInfo) == kCacheLineSize);

  static uptr AdditionalSize() {
    uptr res = sizeof(RegionInfo) * kNumClasses;
    CHECK_EQ(res % kPageSize, 0);
    return res;
  }

  RegionInfo *GetRegionInfo(uptr class_id) {
    CHECK_LT(class_id, kNumClasses);
    RegionInfo *regions = reinterpret_cast<RegionInfo*>(kSpaceBeg);
    return &regions[-1 - class_id];
  }

  uptr GetChunkIdx(uptr chunk, uptr class_id) {
    u32 offset = chunk % kRegionSize;
    // Here we divide by a non-constant. This is costly.
    // We require that kRegionSize is at least 2^32 so that offset is 32-bit.
    // We save 2x by using 32-bit div, but may need to use a 256-way switch.
    return offset / (u32)SizeClassMap::Size(class_id);
  }

  void PopulateFreeList(uptr class_id, RegionInfo *region) {
    uptr size = SizeClassMap::Size(class_id);
    uptr beg_idx = region->allocated_user;
    uptr end_idx = beg_idx + kPopulateSize;
    region->free_list.clear();
    uptr region_beg = kSpaceBeg + kRegionSize * class_id;
    uptr idx = beg_idx;
    uptr i = 0;
    do {  // do-while loop because we need to put at least one item.
      uptr p = region_beg + idx;
      region->free_list.push_front(reinterpret_cast<AllocatorListNode*>(p));
      idx += size;
      i++;
    } while (idx < end_idx);
    region->allocated_user += idx - beg_idx;
    region->allocated_meta += i * kMetadataSize;
    CHECK_LT(region->allocated_user + region->allocated_meta, kRegionSize);
  }

  void *AllocateBySizeClass(uptr class_id) {
    CHECK_LT(class_id, kNumClasses);
    RegionInfo *region = GetRegionInfo(class_id);
    SpinMutexLock l(&region->mutex);
    if (region->free_list.empty()) {
      PopulateFreeList(class_id, region);
    }
    CHECK(!region->free_list.empty());
    AllocatorListNode *node = region->free_list.front();
    region->free_list.pop_front();
    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(node);
  }

  void DeallocateBySizeClass(void *p, uptr class_id) {
    RegionInfo *region = GetRegionInfo(class_id);
    SpinMutexLock l(&region->mutex);
    region->free_list.push_front(reinterpret_cast<AllocatorListNode*>(p));
  }
};

// Objects of this type should be used as local caches for SizeClassAllocator64.
// Since the typical use of this class is to have one object per thread in TLS,
// is has to be POD.
template<const uptr kNumClasses, class SizeClassAllocator>
struct SizeClassAllocatorLocalCache {
  // Don't need to call Init if the object is a global (i.e. zero-initialized).
  void Init() {
    internal_memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this));
  }

  void *Allocate(SizeClassAllocator *allocator, uptr class_id) {
    CHECK_LT(class_id, kNumClasses);
    AllocatorFreeList *free_list = &free_lists_[class_id];
    if (free_list->empty())
      allocator->BulkAllocate(class_id, free_list);
    CHECK(!free_list->empty());
    void *res = free_list->front();
    free_list->pop_front();
    return res;
  }

  void Deallocate(SizeClassAllocator *allocator, uptr class_id, void *p) {
    CHECK_LT(class_id, kNumClasses);
    AllocatorFreeList *free_list = &free_lists_[class_id];
    free_list->push_front(reinterpret_cast<AllocatorListNode*>(p));
    if (free_list->size() >= 2 * SizeClassMap::MaxCached(class_id))
      DrainHalf(allocator, class_id);
  }

  void Drain(SizeClassAllocator *allocator) {
    for (uptr i = 0; i < kNumClasses; i++) {
      allocator->BulkDeallocate(i, &free_lists_[i]);
      CHECK(free_lists_[i].empty());
    }
  }

  // private:
  typedef typename SizeClassAllocator::SizeClassMapT SizeClassMap;
  AllocatorFreeList free_lists_[kNumClasses];

  void DrainHalf(SizeClassAllocator *allocator, uptr class_id) {
    AllocatorFreeList *free_list = &free_lists_[class_id];
    AllocatorFreeList half;
    half.clear();
    const uptr count = free_list->size() / 2;
    for (uptr i = 0; i < count; i++) {
      AllocatorListNode *node = free_list->front();
      free_list->pop_front();
      half.push_front(node);
    }
    allocator->BulkDeallocate(class_id, &half);
  }
};

// This class can (de)allocate only large chunks of memory using mmap/unmap.
// The main purpose of this allocator is to cover large and rare allocation
// sizes not covered by more efficient allocators (e.g. SizeClassAllocator64).
// The result is always page-aligned.
class LargeMmapAllocator {
 public:
  void Init() {
    internal_memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this));
  }
  void *Allocate(uptr size, uptr alignment) {
    CHECK_LE(alignment, kPageSize);  // Not implemented. Do we need it?
    if (size + alignment + 2 * kPageSize < size)
      return 0;
    uptr map_size = RoundUpMapSize(size);
    void *map = MmapOrDie(map_size, "LargeMmapAllocator");
    void *res = reinterpret_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<uptr>(map)
                                        + kPageSize);
    Header *h = GetHeader(res);
    h->size = size;
    {
      SpinMutexLock l(&mutex_);
      h->next = list_;
      h->prev = 0;
      if (list_)
        list_->prev = h;
      list_ = h;
    }
    return res;
  }

  void Deallocate(void *p) {
    Header *h = GetHeader(p);
    uptr map_size = RoundUpMapSize(h->size);
    {
      SpinMutexLock l(&mutex_);
      Header *prev = h->prev;
      Header *next = h->next;
      if (prev)
        prev->next = next;
      if (next)
        next->prev = prev;
      if (h == list_)
        list_ = next;
    }
    UnmapOrDie(h, map_size);
  }

  uptr TotalMemoryUsed() {
    SpinMutexLock l(&mutex_);
    uptr res = 0;
    for (Header *l = list_; l; l = l->next) {
      res += RoundUpMapSize(l->size);
    }
    return res;
  }

  bool PointerIsMine(void *p) {
    // Fast check.
    if ((reinterpret_cast<uptr>(p) % kPageSize) != 0) return false;
    SpinMutexLock l(&mutex_);
    for (Header *l = list_; l; l = l->next) {
      if (GetUser(l) == p) return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  uptr GetActuallyAllocatedSize(void *p) {
    return RoundUpMapSize(GetHeader(p)->size) - kPageSize;
  }

  // At least kPageSize/2 metadata bytes is available.
  void *GetMetaData(void *p) {
    return GetHeader(p) + 1;
  }

 private:
  struct Header {
    uptr size;
    Header *next;
    Header *prev;
  };

  Header *GetHeader(void *p) {
    return reinterpret_cast<Header*>(reinterpret_cast<uptr>(p) - kPageSize);
  }

  void *GetUser(Header *h) {
    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<uptr>(h) + kPageSize);
  }

  uptr RoundUpMapSize(uptr size) {
    return RoundUpTo(size, kPageSize) + kPageSize;
  }

  Header *list_;
  SpinMutex mutex_;
};

// This class implements a complete memory allocator by using two
// internal allocators:
// PrimaryAllocator is efficient, but may not allocate some sizes (alignments).
//  When allocating 2^x bytes it should return 2^x aligned chunk.
// PrimaryAllocator is used via a local AllocatorCache.
// SecondaryAllocator can allocate anything, but is not efficient.
template <class PrimaryAllocator, class AllocatorCache,
          class SecondaryAllocator>  // NOLINT
class CombinedAllocator {
 public:
  void Init() {
    primary_.Init();
    secondary_.Init();
  }

  void *Allocate(AllocatorCache *cache, uptr size, uptr alignment,
                 bool cleared = false) {
    // Returning 0 on malloc(0) may break a lot of code.
    if (size == 0)
      size = 1;
    if (size + alignment < size)
      return 0;
    if (alignment > 8)
      size = RoundUpTo(size, alignment);
    void *res;
    if (primary_.CanAllocate(size, alignment))
      res = cache->Allocate(&primary_, primary_.ClassID(size));
    else
      res = secondary_.Allocate(size, alignment);
    if (alignment > 8)
      CHECK_EQ(reinterpret_cast<uptr>(res) & (alignment - 1), 0);
    if (cleared && res)
      internal_memset(res, 0, size);
    return res;
  }

  void Deallocate(AllocatorCache *cache, void *p) {
    if (!p) return;
    if (primary_.PointerIsMine(p))
      cache->Deallocate(&primary_, primary_.GetSizeClass(p), p);
    else
      secondary_.Deallocate(p);
  }

  void *Reallocate(AllocatorCache *cache, void *p, uptr new_size,
                   uptr alignment) {
    if (!p)
      return Allocate(cache, new_size, alignment);
    if (!new_size) {
      Deallocate(cache, p);
      return 0;
    }
    CHECK(PointerIsMine(p));
    uptr old_size = GetActuallyAllocatedSize(p);
    uptr memcpy_size = Min(new_size, old_size);
    void *new_p = Allocate(cache, new_size, alignment);
    if (new_p)
      internal_memcpy(new_p, p, memcpy_size);
    Deallocate(cache, p);
    return new_p;
  }

  bool PointerIsMine(void *p) {
    if (primary_.PointerIsMine(p))
      return true;
    return secondary_.PointerIsMine(p);
  }

  void *GetMetaData(void *p) {
    if (primary_.PointerIsMine(p))
      return primary_.GetMetaData(p);
    return secondary_.GetMetaData(p);
  }

  uptr GetActuallyAllocatedSize(void *p) {
    if (primary_.PointerIsMine(p))
      return primary_.GetActuallyAllocatedSize(p);
    return secondary_.GetActuallyAllocatedSize(p);
  }

  uptr TotalMemoryUsed() {
    return primary_.TotalMemoryUsed() + secondary_.TotalMemoryUsed();
  }

  void TestOnlyUnmap() { primary_.TestOnlyUnmap(); }

  void SwallowCache(AllocatorCache *cache) {
    cache->Drain(&primary_);
  }

 private:
  PrimaryAllocator primary_;
  SecondaryAllocator secondary_;
};

}  // namespace __sanitizer

#endif  // SANITIZER_ALLOCATOR_H