base/process/process_util_unittest.cc

// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS

#include <limits>

#include "base/command_line.h"
#include "base/debug/alias.h"
#include "base/debug/stack_trace.h"
#include "base/files/file_path.h"
#include "base/logging.h"
#include "base/memory/scoped_ptr.h"
#include "base/path_service.h"
#include "base/posix/eintr_wrapper.h"
#include "base/process/kill.h"
#include "base/process/launch.h"
#include "base/process/memory.h"
#include "base/process/process.h"
#include "base/process/process_metrics.h"
#include "base/strings/utf_string_conversions.h"
#include "base/test/multiprocess_test.h"
#include "base/test/test_timeouts.h"
#include "base/third_party/dynamic_annotations/dynamic_annotations.h"
#include "base/threading/platform_thread.h"
#include "base/threading/thread.h"
#include "testing/gtest/include/gtest/gtest.h"
#include "testing/multiprocess_func_list.h"

#if defined(OS_LINUX)
#include <glib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <sched.h>
#endif
#if defined(OS_POSIX)
#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#endif
#if defined(OS_WIN)
#include <windows.h>
#endif
#if defined(OS_MACOSX)
#include <mach/vm_param.h>
#include <malloc/malloc.h>
#endif

using base::FilePath;

namespace {

#if defined(OS_ANDROID)
const char kShellPath[] = "/system/bin/sh";
const char kPosixShell[] = "sh";
#else
const char kShellPath[] = "/bin/sh";
const char kPosixShell[] = "bash";
#endif

const char kSignalFileSlow[] = "SlowChildProcess.die";
const char kSignalFileKill[] = "KilledChildProcess.die";

#if defined(OS_WIN)
const int kExpectedStillRunningExitCode = 0x102;
const int kExpectedKilledExitCode = 1;
#else
const int kExpectedStillRunningExitCode = 0;
#endif

// Sleeps until file filename is created.
void WaitToDie(const char* filename) {
  FILE* fp;
  do {
    base::PlatformThread::Sleep(base::TimeDelta::FromMilliseconds(10));
    fp = fopen(filename, "r");
  } while (!fp);
  fclose(fp);
}

// Signals children they should die now.
void SignalChildren(const char* filename) {
  FILE* fp = fopen(filename, "w");
  fclose(fp);
}

// Using a pipe to the child to wait for an event was considered, but
// there were cases in the past where pipes caused problems (other
// libraries closing the fds, child deadlocking). This is a simple
// case, so it's not worth the risk.  Using wait loops is discouraged
// in most instances.
base::TerminationStatus WaitForChildTermination(base::ProcessHandle handle,
                                                int* exit_code) {
  // Now we wait until the result is something other than STILL_RUNNING.
  base::TerminationStatus status = base::TERMINATION_STATUS_STILL_RUNNING;
  const base::TimeDelta kInterval = base::TimeDelta::FromMilliseconds(20);
  base::TimeDelta waited;
  do {
    status = base::GetTerminationStatus(handle, exit_code);
    base::PlatformThread::Sleep(kInterval);
    waited += kInterval;
  } while (status == base::TERMINATION_STATUS_STILL_RUNNING &&
// Waiting for more time for process termination on android devices.
#if defined(OS_ANDROID)
           waited < TestTimeouts::large_test_timeout());
#else
           waited < TestTimeouts::action_max_timeout());
#endif

  return status;
}

}  // namespace

class ProcessUtilTest : public base::MultiProcessTest {
 public:
#if defined(OS_POSIX)
  // Spawn a child process that counts how many file descriptors are open.
  int CountOpenFDsInChild();
#endif
  // Converts the filename to a platform specific filepath.
  // On Android files can not be created in arbitrary directories.
  static std::string GetSignalFilePath(const char* filename);
};

std::string ProcessUtilTest::GetSignalFilePath(const char* filename) {
#if !defined(OS_ANDROID)
  return filename;
#else
  FilePath tmp_dir;
  PathService::Get(base::DIR_CACHE, &tmp_dir);
  tmp_dir = tmp_dir.Append(filename);
  return tmp_dir.value();
#endif
}

MULTIPROCESS_TEST_MAIN(SimpleChildProcess) {
  return 0;
}

TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, SpawnChild) {
  base::ProcessHandle handle = this->SpawnChild("SimpleChildProcess", false);
  ASSERT_NE(base::kNullProcessHandle, handle);
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::WaitForSingleProcess(
                  handle, TestTimeouts::action_max_timeout()));
  base::CloseProcessHandle(handle);
}

MULTIPROCESS_TEST_MAIN(SlowChildProcess) {
  WaitToDie(ProcessUtilTest::GetSignalFilePath(kSignalFileSlow).c_str());
  return 0;
}

TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, KillSlowChild) {
  const std::string signal_file =
      ProcessUtilTest::GetSignalFilePath(kSignalFileSlow);
  remove(signal_file.c_str());
  base::ProcessHandle handle = this->SpawnChild("SlowChildProcess", false);
  ASSERT_NE(base::kNullProcessHandle, handle);
  SignalChildren(signal_file.c_str());
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::WaitForSingleProcess(
                  handle, TestTimeouts::action_max_timeout()));
  base::CloseProcessHandle(handle);
  remove(signal_file.c_str());
}

// Times out on Linux and Win, flakes on other platforms, http://crbug.com/95058
TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, DISABLED_GetTerminationStatusExit) {
  const std::string signal_file =
      ProcessUtilTest::GetSignalFilePath(kSignalFileSlow);
  remove(signal_file.c_str());
  base::ProcessHandle handle = this->SpawnChild("SlowChildProcess", false);
  ASSERT_NE(base::kNullProcessHandle, handle);

  int exit_code = 42;
  EXPECT_EQ(base::TERMINATION_STATUS_STILL_RUNNING,
            base::GetTerminationStatus(handle, &exit_code));
  EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedStillRunningExitCode, exit_code);

  SignalChildren(signal_file.c_str());
  exit_code = 42;
  base::TerminationStatus status =
      WaitForChildTermination(handle, &exit_code);
  EXPECT_EQ(base::TERMINATION_STATUS_NORMAL_TERMINATION, status);
  EXPECT_EQ(0, exit_code);
  base::CloseProcessHandle(handle);
  remove(signal_file.c_str());
}

#if defined(OS_WIN)
// TODO(cpu): figure out how to test this in other platforms.
TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, GetProcId) {
  base::ProcessId id1 = base::GetProcId(GetCurrentProcess());
  EXPECT_NE(0ul, id1);
  base::ProcessHandle handle = this->SpawnChild("SimpleChildProcess", false);
  ASSERT_NE(base::kNullProcessHandle, handle);
  base::ProcessId id2 = base::GetProcId(handle);
  EXPECT_NE(0ul, id2);
  EXPECT_NE(id1, id2);
  base::CloseProcessHandle(handle);
}
#endif

#if !defined(OS_MACOSX)
// This test is disabled on Mac, since it's flaky due to ReportCrash
// taking a variable amount of time to parse and load the debug and
// symbol data for this unit test's executable before firing the
// signal handler.
//
// TODO(gspencer): turn this test process into a very small program
// with no symbols (instead of using the multiprocess testing
// framework) to reduce the ReportCrash overhead.
const char kSignalFileCrash[] = "CrashingChildProcess.die";

MULTIPROCESS_TEST_MAIN(CrashingChildProcess) {
  WaitToDie(ProcessUtilTest::GetSignalFilePath(kSignalFileCrash).c_str());
#if defined(OS_POSIX)
  // Have to disable to signal handler for segv so we can get a crash
  // instead of an abnormal termination through the crash dump handler.
  ::signal(SIGSEGV, SIG_DFL);
#endif
  // Make this process have a segmentation fault.
  volatile int* oops = NULL;
  *oops = 0xDEAD;
  return 1;
}

// This test intentionally crashes, so we don't need to run it under
// AddressSanitizer.
// TODO(jschuh): crbug.com/175753 Fix this in Win64 bots.
#if defined(ADDRESS_SANITIZER) || (defined(OS_WIN) && defined(ARCH_CPU_X86_64))
#define MAYBE_GetTerminationStatusCrash DISABLED_GetTerminationStatusCrash
#else
#define MAYBE_GetTerminationStatusCrash GetTerminationStatusCrash
#endif
TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, MAYBE_GetTerminationStatusCrash) {
  const std::string signal_file =
    ProcessUtilTest::GetSignalFilePath(kSignalFileCrash);
  remove(signal_file.c_str());
  base::ProcessHandle handle = this->SpawnChild("CrashingChildProcess",
                                                false);
  ASSERT_NE(base::kNullProcessHandle, handle);

  int exit_code = 42;
  EXPECT_EQ(base::TERMINATION_STATUS_STILL_RUNNING,
            base::GetTerminationStatus(handle, &exit_code));
  EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedStillRunningExitCode, exit_code);

  SignalChildren(signal_file.c_str());
  exit_code = 42;
  base::TerminationStatus status =
      WaitForChildTermination(handle, &exit_code);
  EXPECT_EQ(base::TERMINATION_STATUS_PROCESS_CRASHED, status);

#if defined(OS_WIN)
  EXPECT_EQ(0xc0000005, exit_code);
#elif defined(OS_POSIX)
  int signaled = WIFSIGNALED(exit_code);
  EXPECT_NE(0, signaled);
  int signal = WTERMSIG(exit_code);
  EXPECT_EQ(SIGSEGV, signal);
#endif
  base::CloseProcessHandle(handle);

  // Reset signal handlers back to "normal".
  base::debug::EnableInProcessStackDumping();
  remove(signal_file.c_str());
}
#endif  // !defined(OS_MACOSX)

MULTIPROCESS_TEST_MAIN(KilledChildProcess) {
  WaitToDie(ProcessUtilTest::GetSignalFilePath(kSignalFileKill).c_str());
#if defined(OS_WIN)
  // Kill ourselves.
  HANDLE handle = ::OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, 0, ::GetCurrentProcessId());
  ::TerminateProcess(handle, kExpectedKilledExitCode);
#elif defined(OS_POSIX)
  // Send a SIGKILL to this process, just like the OOM killer would.
  ::kill(getpid(), SIGKILL);
#endif
  return 1;
}

TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, GetTerminationStatusKill) {
  const std::string signal_file =
    ProcessUtilTest::GetSignalFilePath(kSignalFileKill);
  remove(signal_file.c_str());
  base::ProcessHandle handle = this->SpawnChild("KilledChildProcess",
                                                false);
  ASSERT_NE(base::kNullProcessHandle, handle);

  int exit_code = 42;
  EXPECT_EQ(base::TERMINATION_STATUS_STILL_RUNNING,
            base::GetTerminationStatus(handle, &exit_code));
  EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedStillRunningExitCode, exit_code);

  SignalChildren(signal_file.c_str());
  exit_code = 42;
  base::TerminationStatus status =
      WaitForChildTermination(handle, &exit_code);
  EXPECT_EQ(base::TERMINATION_STATUS_PROCESS_WAS_KILLED, status);
#if defined(OS_WIN)
  EXPECT_EQ(kExpectedKilledExitCode, exit_code);
#elif defined(OS_POSIX)
  int signaled = WIFSIGNALED(exit_code);
  EXPECT_NE(0, signaled);
  int signal = WTERMSIG(exit_code);
  EXPECT_EQ(SIGKILL, signal);
#endif
  base::CloseProcessHandle(handle);
  remove(signal_file.c_str());
}

// Ensure that the priority of a process is restored correctly after
// backgrounding and restoring.
// Note: a platform may not be willing or able to lower the priority of
// a process. The calls to SetProcessBackground should be noops then.
TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, SetProcessBackgrounded) {
  base::ProcessHandle handle = this->SpawnChild("SimpleChildProcess", false);
  base::Process process(handle);
  int old_priority = process.GetPriority();
#if defined(OS_WIN)
  EXPECT_TRUE(process.SetProcessBackgrounded(true));
  EXPECT_TRUE(process.IsProcessBackgrounded());
  EXPECT_TRUE(process.SetProcessBackgrounded(false));
  EXPECT_FALSE(process.IsProcessBackgrounded());
#else
  process.SetProcessBackgrounded(true);
  process.SetProcessBackgrounded(false);
#endif
  int new_priority = process.GetPriority();
  EXPECT_EQ(old_priority, new_priority);
}

// Same as SetProcessBackgrounded but to this very process. It uses
// a different code path at least for Windows.
TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, SetProcessBackgroundedSelf) {
  base::Process process(base::Process::Current().handle());
  int old_priority = process.GetPriority();
#if defined(OS_WIN)
  EXPECT_TRUE(process.SetProcessBackgrounded(true));
  EXPECT_TRUE(process.IsProcessBackgrounded());
  EXPECT_TRUE(process.SetProcessBackgrounded(false));
  EXPECT_FALSE(process.IsProcessBackgrounded());
#else
  process.SetProcessBackgrounded(true);
  process.SetProcessBackgrounded(false);
#endif
  int new_priority = process.GetPriority();
  EXPECT_EQ(old_priority, new_priority);
}

#if defined(OS_LINUX) || defined(OS_ANDROID)
TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, GetSystemMemoryInfo) {
  base::SystemMemoryInfoKB info;
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::GetSystemMemoryInfo(&info));

  // Ensure each field received a value.
  EXPECT_GT(info.total, 0);
  EXPECT_GT(info.free, 0);
  EXPECT_GT(info.buffers, 0);
  EXPECT_GT(info.cached, 0);
  EXPECT_GT(info.active_anon, 0);
  EXPECT_GT(info.inactive_anon, 0);
  EXPECT_GT(info.active_file, 0);
  EXPECT_GT(info.inactive_file, 0);

  // All the values should be less than the total amount of memory.
  EXPECT_LT(info.free, info.total);
  EXPECT_LT(info.buffers, info.total);
  EXPECT_LT(info.cached, info.total);
  EXPECT_LT(info.active_anon, info.total);
  EXPECT_LT(info.inactive_anon, info.total);
  EXPECT_LT(info.active_file, info.total);
  EXPECT_LT(info.inactive_file, info.total);

#if defined(OS_CHROMEOS)
  // Chrome OS exposes shmem.
  EXPECT_GT(info.shmem, 0);
  EXPECT_LT(info.shmem, info.total);
  // Chrome unit tests are not run on actual Chrome OS hardware, so gem_objects
  // and gem_size cannot be tested here.
#endif
}
#endif  // defined(OS_LINUX) || defined(OS_ANDROID)

// TODO(estade): if possible, port these 2 tests.
#if defined(OS_WIN)
TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, CalcFreeMemory) {
  scoped_ptr<base::ProcessMetrics> metrics(
      base::ProcessMetrics::CreateProcessMetrics(::GetCurrentProcess()));
  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL != metrics.get());

  bool using_tcmalloc = false;

  // Detect if we are using tcmalloc
#if !defined(NO_TCMALLOC)
  const char* chrome_allocator = getenv("CHROME_ALLOCATOR");
  if (!chrome_allocator || _stricmp(chrome_allocator, "tcmalloc") == 0)
    using_tcmalloc = true;
#endif

  // Typical values here is ~1900 for total and ~1000 for largest. Obviously
  // it depends in what other tests have done to this process.
  base::FreeMBytes free_mem1 = {0};
  EXPECT_TRUE(metrics->CalculateFreeMemory(&free_mem1));
  EXPECT_LT(10u, free_mem1.total);
  EXPECT_LT(10u, free_mem1.largest);
  EXPECT_GT(2048u, free_mem1.total);
  EXPECT_GT(2048u, free_mem1.largest);
  EXPECT_GE(free_mem1.total, free_mem1.largest);
  EXPECT_TRUE(NULL != free_mem1.largest_ptr);

  // Allocate 20M and check again. It should have gone down.
  const int kAllocMB = 20;
  scoped_ptr<char[]> alloc(new char[kAllocMB * 1024 * 1024]);
  size_t expected_total = free_mem1.total - kAllocMB;
  size_t expected_largest = free_mem1.largest;

  base::FreeMBytes free_mem2 = {0};
  EXPECT_TRUE(metrics->CalculateFreeMemory(&free_mem2));
  EXPECT_GE(free_mem2.total, free_mem2.largest);
  // This test is flaky when using tcmalloc, because tcmalloc
  // allocation strategy sometimes results in less than the
  // full drop of 20Mb of free memory.
  if (!using_tcmalloc)
    EXPECT_GE(expected_total, free_mem2.total);
  EXPECT_GE(expected_largest, free_mem2.largest);
  EXPECT_TRUE(NULL != free_mem2.largest_ptr);
}

TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, GetAppOutput) {
  // Let's create a decently long message.
  std::string message;
  for (int i = 0; i < 1025; i++) {  // 1025 so it does not end on a kilo-byte
                                    // boundary.
    message += "Hello!";
  }
  // cmd.exe's echo always adds a \r\n to its output.
  std::string expected(message);
  expected += "\r\n";

  FilePath cmd(L"cmd.exe");
  CommandLine cmd_line(cmd);
  cmd_line.AppendArg("/c");
  cmd_line.AppendArg("echo " + message + "");
  std::string output;
  ASSERT_TRUE(base::GetAppOutput(cmd_line, &output));
  EXPECT_EQ(expected, output);

  // Let's make sure stderr is ignored.
  CommandLine other_cmd_line(cmd);
  other_cmd_line.AppendArg("/c");
  // http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/cc772622.aspx
  cmd_line.AppendArg("echo " + message + " >&2");
  output.clear();
  ASSERT_TRUE(base::GetAppOutput(other_cmd_line, &output));
  EXPECT_EQ("", output);
}

TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, LaunchAsUser) {
  base::UserTokenHandle token;
  ASSERT_TRUE(OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ALL_ACCESS, &token));
  std::wstring cmdline =
      this->MakeCmdLine("SimpleChildProcess", false).GetCommandLineString();
  base::LaunchOptions options;
  options.as_user = token;
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::LaunchProcess(cmdline, options, NULL));
}

#endif  // defined(OS_WIN)

#if defined(OS_POSIX)

namespace {

// Returns the maximum number of files that a process can have open.
// Returns 0 on error.
int GetMaxFilesOpenInProcess() {
  struct rlimit rlim;
  if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim) != 0) {
    return 0;
  }

  // rlim_t is a uint64 - clip to maxint. We do this since FD #s are ints
  // which are all 32 bits on the supported platforms.
  rlim_t max_int = static_cast<rlim_t>(std::numeric_limits<int32>::max());
  if (rlim.rlim_cur > max_int) {
    return max_int;
  }

  return rlim.rlim_cur;
}

const int kChildPipe = 20;  // FD # for write end of pipe in child process.

}  // namespace

MULTIPROCESS_TEST_MAIN(ProcessUtilsLeakFDChildProcess) {
  // This child process counts the number of open FDs, it then writes that
  // number out to a pipe connected to the parent.
  int num_open_files = 0;
  int write_pipe = kChildPipe;
  int max_files = GetMaxFilesOpenInProcess();
  for (int i = STDERR_FILENO + 1; i < max_files; i++) {
    if (i != kChildPipe) {
      int fd;
      if ((fd = HANDLE_EINTR(dup(i))) != -1) {
        close(fd);
        num_open_files += 1;
      }
    }
  }

  int written = HANDLE_EINTR(write(write_pipe, &num_open_files,
                                   sizeof(num_open_files)));
  DCHECK_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(written), sizeof(num_open_files));
  int ret = HANDLE_EINTR(close(write_pipe));
  DPCHECK(ret == 0);

  return 0;
}

int ProcessUtilTest::CountOpenFDsInChild() {
  int fds[2];
  if (pipe(fds) < 0)
    NOTREACHED();

  base::FileHandleMappingVector fd_mapping_vec;
  fd_mapping_vec.push_back(std::pair<int, int>(fds[1], kChildPipe));
  base::ProcessHandle handle = this->SpawnChild(
      "ProcessUtilsLeakFDChildProcess", fd_mapping_vec, false);
  CHECK(handle);
  int ret = HANDLE_EINTR(close(fds[1]));
  DPCHECK(ret == 0);

  // Read number of open files in client process from pipe;
  int num_open_files = -1;
  ssize_t bytes_read =
      HANDLE_EINTR(read(fds[0], &num_open_files, sizeof(num_open_files)));
  CHECK_EQ(bytes_read, static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(num_open_files)));

#if defined(THREAD_SANITIZER) || defined(USE_HEAPCHECKER)
  // Compiler-based ThreadSanitizer makes this test slow.
  CHECK(base::WaitForSingleProcess(handle, base::TimeDelta::FromSeconds(3)));
#else
  CHECK(base::WaitForSingleProcess(handle, base::TimeDelta::FromSeconds(1)));
#endif
  base::CloseProcessHandle(handle);
  ret = HANDLE_EINTR(close(fds[0]));
  DPCHECK(ret == 0);

  return num_open_files;
}

#if defined(ADDRESS_SANITIZER) || defined(THREAD_SANITIZER)
// ProcessUtilTest.FDRemapping is flaky when ran under xvfb-run on Precise.
// The problem is 100% reproducible with both ASan and TSan.
// See http://crbug.com/136720.
#define MAYBE_FDRemapping DISABLED_FDRemapping
#else
#define MAYBE_FDRemapping FDRemapping
#endif
TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, MAYBE_FDRemapping) {
  int fds_before = CountOpenFDsInChild();

  // open some dummy fds to make sure they don't propagate over to the
  // child process.
  int dev_null = open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY);
  int sockets[2];
  socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sockets);

  int fds_after = CountOpenFDsInChild();

  ASSERT_EQ(fds_after, fds_before);

  int ret;
  ret = HANDLE_EINTR(close(sockets[0]));
  DPCHECK(ret == 0);
  ret = HANDLE_EINTR(close(sockets[1]));
  DPCHECK(ret == 0);
  ret = HANDLE_EINTR(close(dev_null));
  DPCHECK(ret == 0);
}

namespace {

std::string TestLaunchProcess(const base::EnvironmentMap& env_changes,
                              const int clone_flags) {
  std::vector<std::string> args;
  base::FileHandleMappingVector fds_to_remap;

  args.push_back(kPosixShell);
  args.push_back("-c");
  args.push_back("echo $BASE_TEST");

  int fds[2];
  PCHECK(pipe(fds) == 0);

  fds_to_remap.push_back(std::make_pair(fds[1], 1));
  base::LaunchOptions options;
  options.wait = true;
  options.environ = env_changes;
  options.fds_to_remap = &fds_to_remap;
#if defined(OS_LINUX)
  options.clone_flags = clone_flags;
#else
  CHECK_EQ(0, clone_flags);
#endif  // OS_LINUX
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::LaunchProcess(args, options, NULL));
  PCHECK(HANDLE_EINTR(close(fds[1])) == 0);

  char buf[512];
  const ssize_t n = HANDLE_EINTR(read(fds[0], buf, sizeof(buf)));
  PCHECK(n > 0);

  PCHECK(HANDLE_EINTR(close(fds[0])) == 0);

  return std::string(buf, n);
}

const char kLargeString[] =
    "0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789"
    "0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789"
    "0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789"
    "0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789"
    "0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789"
    "0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789"
    "0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789";

}  // namespace

TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, LaunchProcess) {
  base::EnvironmentMap env_changes;
  const int no_clone_flags = 0;

  const char kBaseTest[] = "BASE_TEST";

  env_changes[kBaseTest] = "bar";
  EXPECT_EQ("bar\n", TestLaunchProcess(env_changes, no_clone_flags));
  env_changes.clear();

  EXPECT_EQ(0, setenv(kBaseTest, "testing", 1 /* override */));
  EXPECT_EQ("testing\n", TestLaunchProcess(env_changes, no_clone_flags));

  env_changes[kBaseTest] = std::string();
  EXPECT_EQ("\n", TestLaunchProcess(env_changes, no_clone_flags));

  env_changes[kBaseTest] = "foo";
  EXPECT_EQ("foo\n", TestLaunchProcess(env_changes, no_clone_flags));

  env_changes.clear();
  EXPECT_EQ(0, setenv(kBaseTest, kLargeString, 1 /* override */));
  EXPECT_EQ(std::string(kLargeString) + "\n",
            TestLaunchProcess(env_changes, no_clone_flags));

  env_changes[kBaseTest] = "wibble";
  EXPECT_EQ("wibble\n", TestLaunchProcess(env_changes, no_clone_flags));

#if defined(OS_LINUX)
  // Test a non-trival value for clone_flags.
  // Don't test on Valgrind as it has limited support for clone().
  if (!RunningOnValgrind()) {
    EXPECT_EQ("wibble\n", TestLaunchProcess(env_changes, CLONE_FS | SIGCHLD));
  }
#endif
}

TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, GetAppOutput) {
  std::string output;

#if defined(OS_ANDROID)
  std::vector<std::string> argv;
  argv.push_back("sh");  // Instead of /bin/sh, force path search to find it.
  argv.push_back("-c");

  argv.push_back("exit 0");
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::GetAppOutput(CommandLine(argv), &output));
  EXPECT_STREQ("", output.c_str());

  argv[2] = "exit 1";
  EXPECT_FALSE(base::GetAppOutput(CommandLine(argv), &output));
  EXPECT_STREQ("", output.c_str());

  argv[2] = "echo foobar42";
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::GetAppOutput(CommandLine(argv), &output));
  EXPECT_STREQ("foobar42\n", output.c_str());
#else
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::GetAppOutput(CommandLine(FilePath("true")), &output));
  EXPECT_STREQ("", output.c_str());

  EXPECT_FALSE(base::GetAppOutput(CommandLine(FilePath("false")), &output));

  std::vector<std::string> argv;
  argv.push_back("/bin/echo");
  argv.push_back("-n");
  argv.push_back("foobar42");
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::GetAppOutput(CommandLine(argv), &output));
  EXPECT_STREQ("foobar42", output.c_str());
#endif  // defined(OS_ANDROID)
}

TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, GetAppOutputRestricted) {
  // Unfortunately, since we can't rely on the path, we need to know where
  // everything is. So let's use /bin/sh, which is on every POSIX system, and
  // its built-ins.
  std::vector<std::string> argv;
  argv.push_back(std::string(kShellPath));  // argv[0]
  argv.push_back("-c");  // argv[1]

  // On success, should set |output|. We use |/bin/sh -c 'exit 0'| instead of
  // |true| since the location of the latter may be |/bin| or |/usr/bin| (and we
  // need absolute paths).
  argv.push_back("exit 0");   // argv[2]; equivalent to "true"
  std::string output = "abc";
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::GetAppOutputRestricted(CommandLine(argv), &output, 100));
  EXPECT_STREQ("", output.c_str());

  argv[2] = "exit 1";  // equivalent to "false"
  output = "before";
  EXPECT_FALSE(base::GetAppOutputRestricted(CommandLine(argv),
                                            &output, 100));
  EXPECT_STREQ("", output.c_str());

  // Amount of output exactly equal to space allowed.
  argv[2] = "echo 123456789";  // (the sh built-in doesn't take "-n")
  output.clear();
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::GetAppOutputRestricted(CommandLine(argv), &output, 10));
  EXPECT_STREQ("123456789\n", output.c_str());

  // Amount of output greater than space allowed.
  output.clear();
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::GetAppOutputRestricted(CommandLine(argv), &output, 5));
  EXPECT_STREQ("12345", output.c_str());

  // Amount of output less than space allowed.
  output.clear();
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::GetAppOutputRestricted(CommandLine(argv), &output, 15));
  EXPECT_STREQ("123456789\n", output.c_str());

  // Zero space allowed.
  output = "abc";
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::GetAppOutputRestricted(CommandLine(argv), &output, 0));
  EXPECT_STREQ("", output.c_str());
}

#if !defined(OS_MACOSX) && !defined(OS_OPENBSD)
// TODO(benwells): GetAppOutputRestricted should terminate applications
// with SIGPIPE when we have enough output. http://crbug.com/88502
TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, GetAppOutputRestrictedSIGPIPE) {
  std::vector<std::string> argv;
  std::string output;

  argv.push_back(std::string(kShellPath));  // argv[0]
  argv.push_back("-c");
#if defined(OS_ANDROID)
  argv.push_back("while echo 12345678901234567890; do :; done");
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::GetAppOutputRestricted(CommandLine(argv), &output, 10));
  EXPECT_STREQ("1234567890", output.c_str());
#else
  argv.push_back("yes");
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::GetAppOutputRestricted(CommandLine(argv), &output, 10));
  EXPECT_STREQ("y\ny\ny\ny\ny\n", output.c_str());
#endif
}
#endif

#if defined(ADDRESS_SANITIZER) && defined(OS_MACOSX) && \
    defined(ARCH_CPU_64_BITS)
// Times out under AddressSanitizer on 64-bit OS X, see
// http://crbug.com/298197.
#define MAYBE_GetAppOutputRestrictedNoZombies \
    DISABLED_GetAppOutputRestrictedNoZombies
#else
#define MAYBE_GetAppOutputRestrictedNoZombies GetAppOutputRestrictedNoZombies
#endif
TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, MAYBE_GetAppOutputRestrictedNoZombies) {
  std::vector<std::string> argv;

  argv.push_back(std::string(kShellPath));  // argv[0]
  argv.push_back("-c");  // argv[1]
  argv.push_back("echo 123456789012345678901234567890");  // argv[2]

  // Run |GetAppOutputRestricted()| 300 (> default per-user processes on Mac OS
  // 10.5) times with an output buffer big enough to capture all output.
  for (int i = 0; i < 300; i++) {
    std::string output;
    EXPECT_TRUE(base::GetAppOutputRestricted(CommandLine(argv), &output, 100));
    EXPECT_STREQ("123456789012345678901234567890\n", output.c_str());
  }

  // Ditto, but with an output buffer too small to capture all output.
  for (int i = 0; i < 300; i++) {
    std::string output;
    EXPECT_TRUE(base::GetAppOutputRestricted(CommandLine(argv), &output, 10));
    EXPECT_STREQ("1234567890", output.c_str());
  }
}

TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, GetAppOutputWithExitCode) {
  // Test getting output from a successful application.
  std::vector<std::string> argv;
  std::string output;
  int exit_code;
  argv.push_back(std::string(kShellPath));  // argv[0]
  argv.push_back("-c");  // argv[1]
  argv.push_back("echo foo");  // argv[2];
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::GetAppOutputWithExitCode(CommandLine(argv), &output,
                                             &exit_code));
  EXPECT_STREQ("foo\n", output.c_str());
  EXPECT_EQ(exit_code, 0);

  // Test getting output from an application which fails with a specific exit
  // code.
  output.clear();
  argv[2] = "echo foo; exit 2";
  EXPECT_TRUE(base::GetAppOutputWithExitCode(CommandLine(argv), &output,
                                             &exit_code));
  EXPECT_STREQ("foo\n", output.c_str());
  EXPECT_EQ(exit_code, 2);
}

TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, GetParentProcessId) {
  base::ProcessId ppid = base::GetParentProcessId(base::GetCurrentProcId());
  EXPECT_EQ(ppid, getppid());
}

#if defined(OS_LINUX) || defined(OS_ANDROID)
TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, ParseProcStatCPU) {
  // /proc/self/stat for a process running "top".
  const char kTopStat[] = "960 (top) S 16230 960 16230 34818 960 "
      "4202496 471 0 0 0 "
      "12 16 0 0 "  // <- These are the goods.
      "20 0 1 0 121946157 15077376 314 18446744073709551615 4194304 "
      "4246868 140733983044336 18446744073709551615 140244213071219 "
      "0 0 0 138047495 0 0 0 17 1 0 0 0 0 0";
  EXPECT_EQ(12 + 16, base::ParseProcStatCPU(kTopStat));

  // cat /proc/self/stat on a random other machine I have.
  const char kSelfStat[] = "5364 (cat) R 5354 5364 5354 34819 5364 "
      "0 142 0 0 0 "
      "0 0 0 0 "  // <- No CPU, apparently.
      "16 0 1 0 1676099790 2957312 114 4294967295 134512640 134528148 "
      "3221224832 3221224344 3086339742 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0";

  EXPECT_EQ(0, base::ParseProcStatCPU(kSelfStat));
}

// Disable on Android because base_unittests runs inside a Dalvik VM that
// starts and stop threads (crbug.com/175563).
#if !defined(OS_ANDROID)
TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, GetNumberOfThreads) {
  const base::ProcessHandle current = base::GetCurrentProcessHandle();
  const int initial_threads = base::GetNumberOfThreads(current);
  ASSERT_GT(initial_threads, 0);
  const int kNumAdditionalThreads = 10;
  {
    scoped_ptr<base::Thread> my_threads[kNumAdditionalThreads];
    for (int i = 0; i < kNumAdditionalThreads; ++i) {
      my_threads[i].reset(new base::Thread("GetNumberOfThreadsTest"));
      my_threads[i]->Start();
      ASSERT_EQ(base::GetNumberOfThreads(current), initial_threads + 1 + i);
    }
  }
  // The Thread destructor will stop them.
  ASSERT_EQ(initial_threads, base::GetNumberOfThreads(current));
}
#endif  // !defined(OS_ANDROID)

#endif  // defined(OS_LINUX) || defined(OS_ANDROID)

// TODO(port): port those unit tests.
bool IsProcessDead(base::ProcessHandle child) {
  // waitpid() will actually reap the process which is exactly NOT what we
  // want to test for.  The good thing is that if it can't find the process
  // we'll get a nice value for errno which we can test for.
  const pid_t result = HANDLE_EINTR(waitpid(child, NULL, WNOHANG));
  return result == -1 && errno == ECHILD;
}

TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, DelayedTermination) {
  base::ProcessHandle child_process =
      SpawnChild("process_util_test_never_die", false);
  ASSERT_TRUE(child_process);
  base::EnsureProcessTerminated(child_process);
  base::WaitForSingleProcess(child_process, base::TimeDelta::FromSeconds(5));

  // Check that process was really killed.
  EXPECT_TRUE(IsProcessDead(child_process));
  base::CloseProcessHandle(child_process);
}

MULTIPROCESS_TEST_MAIN(process_util_test_never_die) {
  while (1) {
    sleep(500);
  }
  return 0;
}

TEST_F(ProcessUtilTest, ImmediateTermination) {
  base::ProcessHandle child_process =
      SpawnChild("process_util_test_die_immediately", false);
  ASSERT_TRUE(child_process);
  // Give it time to die.
  sleep(2);
  base::EnsureProcessTerminated(child_process);

  // Check that process was really killed.
  EXPECT_TRUE(IsProcessDead(child_process));
  base::CloseProcessHandle(child_process);
}

MULTIPROCESS_TEST_MAIN(process_util_test_die_immediately) {
  return 0;
}

#endif  // defined(OS_POSIX)