content/zygote/zygote_main_linux.cc

// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#include "content/zygote/zygote_main.h"

#include <dlfcn.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "base/basictypes.h"
#include "base/command_line.h"
#include "base/linux_util.h"
#include "base/native_library.h"
#include "base/pickle.h"
#include "base/posix/eintr_wrapper.h"
#include "base/posix/unix_domain_socket_linux.h"
#include "base/rand_util.h"
#include "base/sys_info.h"
#include "build/build_config.h"
#include "content/common/child_process_sandbox_support_impl_linux.h"
#include "content/common/font_config_ipc_linux.h"
#include "content/common/pepper_plugin_list.h"
#include "content/common/sandbox_linux.h"
#include "content/common/zygote_commands_linux.h"
#include "content/public/common/content_switches.h"
#include "content/public/common/main_function_params.h"
#include "content/public/common/pepper_plugin_info.h"
#include "content/public/common/sandbox_linux.h"
#include "content/public/common/zygote_fork_delegate_linux.h"
#include "content/zygote/zygote_linux.h"
#include "crypto/nss_util.h"
#include "sandbox/linux/services/libc_urandom_override.h"
#include "sandbox/linux/suid/client/setuid_sandbox_client.h"
#include "third_party/icu/source/i18n/unicode/timezone.h"
#include "third_party/skia/include/ports/SkFontConfigInterface.h"

#if defined(OS_LINUX)
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <sys/signal.h>
#else
#include <signal.h>
#endif

#if defined(ENABLE_WEBRTC)
#include "third_party/libjingle/overrides/init_webrtc.h"
#endif

namespace content {

// See http://code.google.com/p/chromium/wiki/LinuxZygote

static void ProxyLocaltimeCallToBrowser(time_t input, struct tm* output,
                                        char* timezone_out,
                                        size_t timezone_out_len) {
  Pickle request;
  request.WriteInt(LinuxSandbox::METHOD_LOCALTIME);
  request.WriteString(
      std::string(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&input), sizeof(input)));

  uint8_t reply_buf[512];
  const ssize_t r = UnixDomainSocket::SendRecvMsg(
      GetSandboxFD(), reply_buf, sizeof(reply_buf), NULL,
      request);
  if (r == -1) {
    memset(output, 0, sizeof(struct tm));
    return;
  }

  Pickle reply(reinterpret_cast<char*>(reply_buf), r);
  PickleIterator iter(reply);
  std::string result, timezone;
  if (!reply.ReadString(&iter, &result) ||
      !reply.ReadString(&iter, &timezone) ||
      result.size() != sizeof(struct tm)) {
    memset(output, 0, sizeof(struct tm));
    return;
  }

  memcpy(output, result.data(), sizeof(struct tm));
  if (timezone_out_len) {
    const size_t copy_len = std::min(timezone_out_len - 1, timezone.size());
    memcpy(timezone_out, timezone.data(), copy_len);
    timezone_out[copy_len] = 0;
    output->tm_zone = timezone_out;
  } else {
    output->tm_zone = NULL;
  }
}

static bool g_am_zygote_or_renderer = false;

// Sandbox interception of libc calls.
//
// Because we are running in a sandbox certain libc calls will fail (localtime
// being the motivating example - it needs to read /etc/localtime). We need to
// intercept these calls and proxy them to the browser. However, these calls
// may come from us or from our libraries. In some cases we can't just change
// our code.
//
// It's for these cases that we have the following setup:
//
// We define global functions for those functions which we wish to override.
// Since we will be first in the dynamic resolution order, the dynamic linker
// will point callers to our versions of these functions. However, we have the
// same binary for both the browser and the renderers, which means that our
// overrides will apply in the browser too.
//
// The global |g_am_zygote_or_renderer| is true iff we are in a zygote or
// renderer process. It's set in ZygoteMain and inherited by the renderers when
// they fork. (This means that it'll be incorrect for global constructor
// functions and before ZygoteMain is called - beware).
//
// Our replacement functions can check this global and either proxy
// the call to the browser over the sandbox IPC
// (http://code.google.com/p/chromium/wiki/LinuxSandboxIPC) or they can use
// dlsym with RTLD_NEXT to resolve the symbol, ignoring any symbols in the
// current module.
//
// Other avenues:
//
// Our first attempt involved some assembly to patch the GOT of the current
// module. This worked, but was platform specific and doesn't catch the case
// where a library makes a call rather than current module.
//
// We also considered patching the function in place, but this would again by
// platform specific and the above technique seems to work well enough.

typedef struct tm* (*LocaltimeFunction)(const time_t* timep);
typedef struct tm* (*LocaltimeRFunction)(const time_t* timep,
                                         struct tm* result);

static pthread_once_t g_libc_localtime_funcs_guard = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
static LocaltimeFunction g_libc_localtime;
static LocaltimeFunction g_libc_localtime64;
static LocaltimeRFunction g_libc_localtime_r;
static LocaltimeRFunction g_libc_localtime64_r;

static void InitLibcLocaltimeFunctions() {
  g_libc_localtime = reinterpret_cast<LocaltimeFunction>(
      dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "localtime"));
  g_libc_localtime64 = reinterpret_cast<LocaltimeFunction>(
      dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "localtime64"));
  g_libc_localtime_r = reinterpret_cast<LocaltimeRFunction>(
      dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "localtime_r"));
  g_libc_localtime64_r = reinterpret_cast<LocaltimeRFunction>(
      dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "localtime64_r"));

  if (!g_libc_localtime || !g_libc_localtime_r) {
    // http://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=16800
    //
    // Nvidia's libGL.so overrides dlsym for an unknown reason and replaces
    // it with a version which doesn't work. In this case we'll get a NULL
    // result. There's not a lot we can do at this point, so we just bodge it!
    LOG(ERROR) << "Your system is broken: dlsym doesn't work! This has been "
                  "reported to be caused by Nvidia's libGL. You should expect"
                  " time related functions to misbehave. "
                  "http://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=16800";
  }

  if (!g_libc_localtime)
    g_libc_localtime = gmtime;
  if (!g_libc_localtime64)
    g_libc_localtime64 = g_libc_localtime;
  if (!g_libc_localtime_r)
    g_libc_localtime_r = gmtime_r;
  if (!g_libc_localtime64_r)
    g_libc_localtime64_r = g_libc_localtime_r;
}

// Define localtime_override() function with asm name "localtime", so that all
// references to localtime() will resolve to this function. Notice that we need
// to set visibility attribute to "default" to export the symbol, as it is set
// to "hidden" by default in chrome per build/common.gypi.
__attribute__ ((__visibility__("default")))
struct tm* localtime_override(const time_t* timep) __asm__ ("localtime");

__attribute__ ((__visibility__("default")))
struct tm* localtime_override(const time_t* timep) {
  if (g_am_zygote_or_renderer) {
    static struct tm time_struct;
    static char timezone_string[64];
    ProxyLocaltimeCallToBrowser(*timep, &time_struct, timezone_string,
                                sizeof(timezone_string));
    return &time_struct;
  } else {
    CHECK_EQ(0, pthread_once(&g_libc_localtime_funcs_guard,
                             InitLibcLocaltimeFunctions));
    return g_libc_localtime(timep);
  }
}

// Use same trick to override localtime64(), localtime_r() and localtime64_r().
__attribute__ ((__visibility__("default")))
struct tm* localtime64_override(const time_t* timep) __asm__ ("localtime64");

__attribute__ ((__visibility__("default")))
struct tm* localtime64_override(const time_t* timep) {
  if (g_am_zygote_or_renderer) {
    static struct tm time_struct;
    static char timezone_string[64];
    ProxyLocaltimeCallToBrowser(*timep, &time_struct, timezone_string,
                                sizeof(timezone_string));
    return &time_struct;
  } else {
    CHECK_EQ(0, pthread_once(&g_libc_localtime_funcs_guard,
                             InitLibcLocaltimeFunctions));
    return g_libc_localtime64(timep);
  }
}

__attribute__ ((__visibility__("default")))
struct tm* localtime_r_override(const time_t* timep,
                                struct tm* result) __asm__ ("localtime_r");

__attribute__ ((__visibility__("default")))
struct tm* localtime_r_override(const time_t* timep, struct tm* result) {
  if (g_am_zygote_or_renderer) {
    ProxyLocaltimeCallToBrowser(*timep, result, NULL, 0);
    return result;
  } else {
    CHECK_EQ(0, pthread_once(&g_libc_localtime_funcs_guard,
                             InitLibcLocaltimeFunctions));
    return g_libc_localtime_r(timep, result);
  }
}

__attribute__ ((__visibility__("default")))
struct tm* localtime64_r_override(const time_t* timep,
                                  struct tm* result) __asm__ ("localtime64_r");

__attribute__ ((__visibility__("default")))
struct tm* localtime64_r_override(const time_t* timep, struct tm* result) {
  if (g_am_zygote_or_renderer) {
    ProxyLocaltimeCallToBrowser(*timep, result, NULL, 0);
    return result;
  } else {
    CHECK_EQ(0, pthread_once(&g_libc_localtime_funcs_guard,
                             InitLibcLocaltimeFunctions));
    return g_libc_localtime64_r(timep, result);
  }
}

#if defined(ENABLE_PLUGINS)
// Loads the (native) libraries but does not initialize them (i.e., does not
// call PPP_InitializeModule). This is needed by the zygote on Linux to get
// access to the plugins before entering the sandbox.
void PreloadPepperPlugins() {
  std::vector<PepperPluginInfo> plugins;
  ComputePepperPluginList(&plugins);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < plugins.size(); ++i) {
    if (!plugins[i].is_internal && plugins[i].is_sandboxed) {
      std::string error;
      base::NativeLibrary library = base::LoadNativeLibrary(plugins[i].path,
                                                            &error);
      DLOG_IF(WARNING, !library) << "Unable to load plugin "
                                 << plugins[i].path.value() << " "
                                 << error;
      (void)library;  // Prevent release-mode warning.
    }
  }
}
#endif

// This function triggers the static and lazy construction of objects that need
// to be created before imposing the sandbox.
static void PreSandboxInit() {
  base::RandUint64();

  base::SysInfo::AmountOfPhysicalMemory();
  base::SysInfo::MaxSharedMemorySize();

  // ICU DateFormat class (used in base/time_format.cc) needs to get the
  // Olson timezone ID by accessing the zoneinfo files on disk. After
  // TimeZone::createDefault is called once here, the timezone ID is
  // cached and there's no more need to access the file system.
  scoped_ptr<icu::TimeZone> zone(icu::TimeZone::createDefault());

#if defined(USE_NSS)
  // NSS libraries are loaded before sandbox is activated. This is to allow
  // successful initialization of NSS which tries to load extra library files.
  crypto::LoadNSSLibraries();
#elif defined(USE_OPENSSL)
  // OpenSSL is intentionally not supported in the sandboxed processes, see
  // http://crbug.com/99163. If that ever changes we'll likely need to init
  // OpenSSL here (at least, load the library and error strings).
#else
  // It's possible that another hypothetical crypto stack would not require
  // pre-sandbox init, but more likely this is just a build configuration error.
  #error Which SSL library are you using?
#endif
#if defined(ENABLE_PLUGINS)
  // Ensure access to the Pepper plugins before the sandbox is turned on.
  PreloadPepperPlugins();
#endif
#if defined(ENABLE_WEBRTC)
  InitializeWebRtcModule();
#endif
  SkFontConfigInterface::SetGlobal(
      new FontConfigIPC(GetSandboxFD()))->unref();
}

// Do nothing here
static void SIGCHLDHandler(int signal) {
}

// The current process will become a process reaper like init.
// We fork a child that will continue normally, when it dies, we can safely
// exit.
// We need to be careful we close the magic kZygoteIdFd properly in the parent
// before this function returns.
static bool CreateInitProcessReaper() {
  int sync_fds[2];
  // We want to use send, so we can't use a pipe
  if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sync_fds)) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create socketpair";
    return false;
  }

  // We use normal fork, not the ForkDelegate in this case since we are not a
  // true Zygote yet.
  pid_t child_pid = fork();
  if (child_pid == -1) {
    (void) HANDLE_EINTR(close(sync_fds[0]));
    (void) HANDLE_EINTR(close(sync_fds[1]));
    return false;
  }
  if (child_pid) {
    // We are the parent, assuming the role of an init process.
    // The disposition for SIGCHLD cannot be SIG_IGN or wait() will only return
    // once all of our childs are dead. Since we're init we need to reap childs
    // as they come.
    struct sigaction action;
    memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));
    action.sa_handler = &SIGCHLDHandler;
    CHECK(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &action, NULL) == 0);

    (void) HANDLE_EINTR(close(sync_fds[0]));
    shutdown(sync_fds[1], SHUT_RD);
    // This "magic" socket must only appear in one process.
    (void) HANDLE_EINTR(close(kZygoteIdFd));
    // Tell the child to continue
    CHECK(HANDLE_EINTR(send(sync_fds[1], "C", 1, MSG_NOSIGNAL)) == 1);
    (void) HANDLE_EINTR(close(sync_fds[1]));

    for (;;) {
      // Loop until we have reaped our one natural child
      siginfo_t reaped_child_info;
      int wait_ret =
        HANDLE_EINTR(waitid(P_ALL, 0, &reaped_child_info, WEXITED));
      if (wait_ret)
        _exit(1);
      if (reaped_child_info.si_pid == child_pid) {
        int exit_code = 0;
        // We're done waiting
        if (reaped_child_info.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
          exit_code = reaped_child_info.si_status;
        }
        // Exit with the same exit code as our parent. This is most likely
        // useless. _exit with 0 if we got signaled.
        _exit(exit_code);
      }
    }
  } else {
    // The child needs to wait for the parent to close kZygoteIdFd to avoid a
    // race condition
    (void) HANDLE_EINTR(close(sync_fds[1]));
    shutdown(sync_fds[0], SHUT_WR);
    char should_continue;
    int read_ret = HANDLE_EINTR(read(sync_fds[0], &should_continue, 1));
    (void) HANDLE_EINTR(close(sync_fds[0]));
    if (read_ret == 1)
      return true;
    else
      return false;
  }
}

// This will set the *using_suid_sandbox variable to true if the SUID sandbox
// is enabled. This does not necessarily exclude other types of sandboxing.
static bool EnterSuidSandbox(LinuxSandbox* linux_sandbox,
                             bool* using_suid_sandbox,
                             bool* has_started_new_init) {
  *using_suid_sandbox = false;
  *has_started_new_init = false;

  sandbox::SetuidSandboxClient* setuid_sandbox =
      linux_sandbox->setuid_sandbox_client();

  if (!setuid_sandbox)
    return false;

  PreSandboxInit();

  // Check that the pre-sandbox initialization didn't spawn threads.
  DCHECK(linux_sandbox->IsSingleThreaded());

  if (setuid_sandbox->IsSuidSandboxChild()) {
    // Use the SUID sandbox.  This still allows the seccomp sandbox to
    // be enabled by the process later.
    *using_suid_sandbox = true;

    if (!setuid_sandbox->IsSuidSandboxUpToDate()) {
      LOG(WARNING) << "You are using a wrong version of the setuid binary!\n"
       "Please read "
       "https://code.google.com/p/chromium/wiki/LinuxSUIDSandboxDevelopment."
       "\n\n";
    }

    if (!setuid_sandbox->ChrootMe())
      return false;

    if (getpid() == 1) {
      // The setuid sandbox has created a new PID namespace and we need
      // to assume the role of init.
      if (!CreateInitProcessReaper()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Error creating an init process to reap zombies";
        return false;
      }
      *has_started_new_init = true;
    }

#if !defined(OS_OPENBSD)
    // Previously, we required that the binary be non-readable. This causes the
    // kernel to mark the process as non-dumpable at startup. The thinking was
    // that, although we were putting the renderers into a PID namespace (with
    // the SUID sandbox), they would nonetheless be in the /same/ PID
    // namespace. So they could ptrace each other unless they were non-dumpable.
    //
    // If the binary was readable, then there would be a window between process
    // startup and the point where we set the non-dumpable flag in which a
    // compromised renderer could ptrace attach.
    //
    // However, now that we have a zygote model, only the (trusted) zygote
    // exists at this point and we can set the non-dumpable flag which is
    // inherited by all our renderer children.
    //
    // Note: a non-dumpable process can't be debugged. To debug sandbox-related
    // issues, one can specify --allow-sandbox-debugging to let the process be
    // dumpable.
    const CommandLine& command_line = *CommandLine::ForCurrentProcess();
    if (!command_line.HasSwitch(switches::kAllowSandboxDebugging)) {
      prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE, 0, 0, 0, 0);
      if (prctl(PR_GET_DUMPABLE, 0, 0, 0, 0)) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to set non-dumpable flag";
        return false;
      }
    }
#endif
  }

  return true;
}

bool ZygoteMain(const MainFunctionParams& params,
                ZygoteForkDelegate* forkdelegate) {
  g_am_zygote_or_renderer = true;
  sandbox::InitLibcUrandomOverrides();

  LinuxSandbox* linux_sandbox = LinuxSandbox::GetInstance();
  // This will pre-initialize the various sandboxes that need it.
  linux_sandbox->PreinitializeSandbox();

  if (forkdelegate != NULL) {
    VLOG(1) << "ZygoteMain: initializing fork delegate";
    forkdelegate->Init(GetSandboxFD());
  } else {
    VLOG(1) << "ZygoteMain: fork delegate is NULL";
  }

  // Turn on the sandbox.
  bool using_suid_sandbox = false;
  bool has_started_new_init = false;

  if (!EnterSuidSandbox(linux_sandbox,
                        &using_suid_sandbox,
                        &has_started_new_init)) {
    LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to enter sandbox. Fail safe abort. (errno: "
               << errno << ")";
    return false;
  }

  sandbox::SetuidSandboxClient* setuid_sandbox =
      linux_sandbox->setuid_sandbox_client();

  if (setuid_sandbox->IsInNewPIDNamespace() && !has_started_new_init) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "The SUID sandbox created a new PID namespace but Zygote "
                  "is not the init process. Please, make sure the SUID "
                  "binary is up to date.";
  }

  int sandbox_flags = linux_sandbox->GetStatus();

  Zygote zygote(sandbox_flags, forkdelegate);
  // This function call can return multiple times, once per fork().
  return zygote.ProcessRequests();
}

}  // namespace content