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 <HTML><HEAD><TITLE>VTL Reference Guide</TITLE></HEAD><BODY alink="#023264" bgcolor="#ffffff" leftmargin="4" link="#023264" marginheight="4" marginwidth="4" text="#000000" topmargin="4" vlink="#023264"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><TR><TD align="left" valign="top"><A href="http://jakarta.apache.org/index.html"><IMG border="0" hspace="0" src="resources/jakarta-logo.gif" vspace="0"></A></TD><TD align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" valign="top" width="100%"><IMG align="right" alt="" border="0" hspace="0" src="resources/header.gif" vspace="0"></TD></TR><TR><TD><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="5"></TD></TR><TR><TD background="resources/line.gif" colspan="2" height="2" width="100%"><IMG alt="" border="0" height="2" hspace="0" src="resources/line.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><TR><TD valign="top" width="1%"></TD><TD nowrap="1" valign="top" width="14%"><BR>

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 <DIV align="right"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="100%"><FONT color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="+1"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="5"><B>About this Guide</B></FONT></TD></TR><TR><TD><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">

 <P align="justify">
     This guide is meant to be the definitive reference for
     the Velocity Template Language (VTL).
 </P>

 </FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><BR>

 <DIV align="right"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="100%"><FONT color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="+1"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="5"><B>References</B></FONT></TD></TR><TR><TD><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">

 <P align="justify">
     There are three types of references in the VTL: variables, properties
     and methods. As a designer using the VTL, you must come to an agreement
     with your engineers as to what the specific names of references are so
     you can use them correctly in your templates.
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <B>Variables</B>
     <BR>
     Variables are references that consist of a leading &quot;$&quot; character
     followed by a VTL <I>Identifier</I>. A VTL <I>Identifier</I> must start with
     an alphabetic character (a .. z or A .. Z), the rest of the
     characters must be of the following types: an alphabetic character,
     a numeric character (0 .. 9), a hyphen character (&quot;-&quot;),
     or an underscore character (&quot;_&quot;). These are examples of valid
     variable references in the VTL:
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <DIV align="left"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><TABLE><TR><TD align="left"><PRE>
     $mudSlinger
     $mud-slinger
     $mud_slinger
     $mudSlinger1
     </PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <B>Properties</B>
     <BR>
     Properties are references that consist of a leading &quot;$&quot;
     character followed a VTL <I>Identifier</I>, followed by
     of dot character (&quot;.&quot;) then another VTL <I>Identifier</I>.
     These are examples of valid property references in the VTL:
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <DIV align="left"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><TABLE><TR><TD align="left"><PRE>
     $customer.Address
     $purchase.Total
     </PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <B>Methods</B>
     <BR>
     Methods are references that consist of a leading &quot;$&quot;
     character followed a VTL <I>Identifier</I>, followed
     by a VTL <I>Method Body</I>. A VTL <I>Method Body</I>
     consists of a VTL <I>Identifier</I> followed by an
     left parenthesis character (&quot;(&quot;), followed by an optional parameter
     list, followed by right parenthesis character (&quot;)&quot;).
     These are examples of valid method references in the
     VTL:
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <DIV align="left"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><TABLE><TR><TD align="left"><PRE>
     $customer.getAddress()
     $purchase.getTotal()
     $page.setTitle(&quot;My Home Page&quot;)
     $person.setAttributes(&quot;Strange&quot;, &quot;Weird&quot;, &quot;Excited&quot;)
     </PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     Now you may have noticed that the first two examples
     $customer.getAddress() and $purchase.getTotal() look very
     similiar to the first two example Properties $customer.Address
     and $purchase.Total. If you guessed that these examples must
     be related some in some fashion you are correct! VTL Properties
     are simply a shorthand for notation for VTL Methods. Using the
     Property $customer.Address would have the exact same effect as
     using the Method $customer.getAddress(). It is generally preferable
     to use a Property when available. The main difference between Properties
     and Methods is that you can specify a parameter list to a Method.
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <B>Formal Reference Notation</B>
     <BR>
     In the examples listed above the shorthand notation for
     references was used, but there is a formal notation that
     looks like the following:
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <DIV align="left"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><TABLE><TR><TD align="left"><PRE>
     ${mudSlinger}
     ${customer.Address}
     ${purchase.getTotal()}
     </PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     In almost all cases you will use the shorthand notation
     for references. But there are some cases where the formal
     notation is required for correct processing. Say you were
     constructing a sentence on the fly where $vice was to be
     used as the base word in the noun of a sentence. Say you
     wanted to allow someone to choose the base word and produce
     one of the two following results: &quot;Jack is a pyromaniac.&quot; or
     &quot;Jack is a kleptomaniac.&quot;. You might have the following in
     a VTL template:
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <DIV align="left"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><TABLE><TR><TD align="left"><PRE>
     Jack is a $vicemaniac.
     </PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     But as you might have guessed this will confuse Velocity
     because Velocity can't tell that $vice is the Identifer
     that you mean to use. It will assume that $vicemaniac
     is the Identifier and try to use that to find an appropriate
     value. You can get around this problem by using the formal
     notation for a reference:
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <DIV align="left"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><TABLE><TR><TD align="left"><PRE>
     Jack is a ${vice}maniac.
     </PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     Now Velocity knows that you want to use $vice as your
     Identifier and not $vicemaniac. The formal notation usually
     comes in handy when you have references directly ajacent
     to text in your templates.
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <B>Quiet Reference Notation</B>
     <BR>
     Velocity's normal behavior upon encountering a
     reference that is undefined is to output the image
     of the reference. For example, say you have have
     the following VTL as part of an HTML for you
     want to produce:
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <DIV align="left"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><TABLE><TR><TD align="left"><PRE>
     &lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;email&quot; value=&quot;$email&quot;/&gt;
     </PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     Now when the form initially loads the variable
     reference $email has no value, but you don't
     want the text field to have a value of &quot;$email&quot;
     it should be blank. To circumvent Velocity's
     normal behavior you use the quiet reference
     notation: so instead of using $email in the
     VTL you would use $!email. So the above example
     would look like the following:
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <DIV align="left"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><TABLE><TR><TD align="left"><PRE>
     &lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;email&quot; value=&quot;$!email&quot;/&gt;
     </PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     Now when the form is initially loaded, while
     $email has no value yet, an empty string will
     be output instead of &quot;$email&quot;.
 </P>

 </FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><BR>

 <DIV align="right"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="100%"><FONT color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="+1"><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="5"><B>Directives</B></FONT></TD></TR><TR><TD><IMG border="0" height="5" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="98%"><TR><TD><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
 <P align="justify">
     <B>#set</B>
     <BR>
     The #set directive is used for setting the value of
     a reference. The reference being assigned a value can
     either be a variable reference or a property reference:
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <DIV align="left"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><TABLE><TR><TD align="left"><PRE>
     #set $primate = &quot;monkey&quot;
     #set $customer.Behavior = $primate
     </PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     The left hand side (LHS) of the assigment must be
     a variable reference or a property reference. The
     right hand side (RHS) can be one of the following:
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <BLOCKQUOTE><UL>
         <LI>Variable reference</LI>
         <LI>String literal</LI>
         <LI>Property reference</LI>
         <LI>Method reference</LI>
         <LI>Number literal</LI>
         <LI>Object array</LI>
     </UL></BLOCKQUOTE>
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     Here is an example of showing the use of the
     above mentioned types:
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <DIV align="left"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><TABLE><TR><TD align="left"><PRE>
     #set $monkey = $bill
     #set $monkey.Friend = &quot;monica&quot;
     #set $monkey.Blame = $whitehouse.Leak
     #set $monkey.Plan = $spindoctor.weave($web)
     #set $monkey.Number = 123
     #set $monkey.Say = [&quot;Not&quot;, $my, &quot;fault&quot;]
     </PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     The RHS can also be a simple arithmetic expression:
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <DIV align="left"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><TABLE><TR><TD align="left"><PRE>
     #set $value = $foo + 1
     #set $value = $bar - 1
     #set $value = $foo * $bar
     #set $value = $foo / $bar
     </PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <B>#foreach</B>
     <BR>
     The #foreach directive provide a simple way of looping
     through a list of objects:
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <DIV align="left"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><TABLE><TR><TD align="left"><PRE>
     &lt;table&gt;
     #foreach ($customer in $customerList)
         &lt;tr&gt;
           &lt;td&gt;
             $customer.Name
           &lt;/td&gt;
         &lt;/tr&gt;
     #end
     </PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     Velocity provides an easy way to get the loop
     counter so that you can do something like the
     following:
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <DIV align="left"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><TABLE><TR><TD align="left"><PRE>
     &lt;table&gt;
     #foreach ($customer in $customerList)
         &lt;tr&gt;
           &lt;td&gt;
             $velocityCounter
           &lt;/td&gt;
           &lt;td&gt;
             $customer.Name
           &lt;/td&gt;
         &lt;/tr&gt;
     #end
     </PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     The default name for the loop counter variable
     reference is $velocityCounter, but you can specify
     this in the velocity.properties file. You can also
     specify whether the counter should start at 0 or 1.
     Here's what the properties look like in the
     velocity.properties file:
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <DIV align="left"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff"><TABLE><TR><TD align="left"><PRE>
     # Default name of the loop counter
     # variable refernce.
     counter.name = velocityCount

     # Default starting value of the loop
     # counter variable reference.
     counter.initial.value = 1
     </PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></TD><TD bgcolor="#023264" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#023264" colspan="3" height="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
 </P>

 <P align="justify">
     <B>#if/#elseif/#else</B>
     <BR>
 </P>

 </FONT></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV><BR>

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