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 <a name="androidTitleInstrumentationFramework"></a><h1>Instrumentation Framework</h1>


 <a name="toc"/>
 <div style="padding:10px">
 <a href="#androidInstrumentationFrameworkIntro">Introduction</a><br/>
 <a href="#androidInstrumentationFrameworkamCommand">Understanding the am Command</a><br/>
 <a href="#androidInstrumentationFrameworkWritingRunning">Writing and Running Test Cases</a><br/>
 <a href="#androidInstrumentationFrameworkTestCase">Exploring a Test Case</a><br/>
 <a href="#androidInstrumentationFrameworkTroubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a><br/></div></font></div>

 <a name="androidInstrumentationFrameworkIntro"></a><h2>Introduction</h2>

 <p>This document describes how to use the Instrumentation Framework to write test cases. You should have a working knowledge of the following:</p>
 <ul>
   <li> Android Application Framework </li>
   <li> Using <code>adb</code>, <code>am</code> and various logging functionality </li>
   <li> A brief understanding of the application of interest, that is, he names of the classes which handle the intents etc. </li>
   <li> Junit testing. </li>
 </ul>
 <p> Each Android application runs in its own process. Instrumentation kills the application process and  restarts the process with Instrumentation. Instrumentation gives a handle to the application context used to poke around the application to validate test assertions, allowing you to write test cases to test applications at a much lower level than UI screen shot tests. Note that Instrumentation cannot catch UI bugs. </p>


 <a name="androidInstrumentationFrameworkamCommand"></a><h2>Understanding the am Command</h2>

 <p><code>am</code> is used to start and instrument activities using the adb shell command, as shown in the snippet below:</p>
 <pre class="prettify">
 &gt; adb shell am
 usage: am [start|instrument]
        am start [-a &lt;ACTION&gt;] [-d &lt;DATA_URI&gt;] [-t &lt;MIME_TYPE&gt;]
                 [-c &lt;CATEGORY&gt; [-c &lt;CATEGORY&gt;] ...]
                 [-e &lt;EXTRA_KEY&gt; &lt;EXTRA_VALUE&gt; [-e &lt;EXTRA_KEY&gt; &lt;EXTRA_VALUE&gt; ...]
                 [-n &lt;COMPONENT&gt;] [-D] [&lt;URI&gt;]
        am instrument [-e &lt;ARG_NAME&gt; &lt;ARG_VALUE&gt;] [-p &lt;PROF_FILE&gt;]
                 [-w] &lt;COMPONENT&gt;
 For example, to start the Contacts application you can use
 &gt; adb shell am start -n com.google.android.contacts/.ContactsActivity
 </pre>


 <a name="androidInstrumentationFrameworkWritingRunning"></a><h2>Writing and Running Test Cases</h2>

 <p>Each instrumentation test case is similar to an Android application with the distinction that it starts another application. For example, have a look in the <code>tests/Contacts</code> directory. </p>
 <ul>
   <li> There should be a Makefile and an Android Manifest file. </li>
   <li> Tests are located in <code>tests/Contacts/src/com/google/android/contactstests</code>. </li>
   <li> The Instrumentation Test Runner is located at <code>tests/Contacts/src/com/google/android/contactstests/functional/ContactsInstrumentationTestRunner.java</code>.</li>
 </ul>
 <p>Suppose you have a makefile with <code>Contactstests</code> as the target. </p>
 <ul>
   <li> <code>make Contactstests</code>: Compiles the test cases. </li>
   <li> <code>adb install Contactstests.apk</code>: Installs the apk on the device. </li>
   <li> Use the adb shell <code>am</code> command to run them. </li>
 </ul>
 <p> For options and other details, please see <a href="instrumentation_testing.html" target="_top">Instrumentation Testing</a>.</p>


 <a name="androidInstrumentationFrameworkTestCase"></a><h2>Exploring a Test Case</h2>

 <p> The test case described in this section adds and tests a new Contact. Note that you can send intents, register intent receivers, etc. </p>
 <p><code>Instrumentation.java</code> has helper functions that send key events and string, for example: </p>
 <ul>
   <li><code>getInstrumentation()</code>: Returns the handle to the instrumentation </li>
   <li><code>sendCharacterSync</code>: Sends a character. </li>
   <li><code>sendStringSync</code>: Sends a string to an input box. </li>
   <li><code>sendKeyDownUpSync</code>: Sends a specific keyevent. </li>
   <li><code>sendTrackballEventSync</code>: Send a trackball event.</li>
 </ul>
 <p> You can find the test case below at <code>device/tests/Contacts.</code></p>
 <pre class="prettify">
 private void addNewContact(String name, int star, int phoneType, String number, String label,
 		String email, int emailType){
 	ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
 	Uri phoneUri = null;
 	Uri emailUri = null;

 	values.put(Contacts.People.NAME, name);
 	values.put(Contacts.People.STARRED, star);

 	//Add Phone Numbers
 	Uri uri = mActivity.getContentResolver().insert(Contacts.People.CONTENT_URI, values);
 	phoneUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(uri, Contacts.People.Phones.CONTENT_DIRECTORY);

 	values.clear();
 	values.put(Contacts.Phones.TYPE, phoneType);
 	values.put(Contacts.Phones.NUMBER, number);
 	values.put(Contacts.Phones.LABEL, label);
 	mActivity.getContentResolver().insert(phoneUri, values);

 	//Add Email
 	emailUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(uri, ContactMethods.CONTENT_DIRECTORY);

 	values.clear();
 	values.put(ContactMethods.KIND, Contacts.KIND_EMAIL);
 	values.put(ContactMethods.DATA, email);
 	values.put(ContactMethods.LABEL, "");
 	values.put(ContactMethods.TYPE, emailType);
 	mActivity.getContentResolver().insert(emailUri, values);
 }


  public void testAddSaveSingleContact(){
 	int previousCount = mActivity.getListView().getCount();
 	String message;

 	addNewContact(INPUT_NAME_1 + "1", "5435754532", "1" + INPUT_EMAIL_1, CONFIRM_OPTION);

 	message = "Added 1 to initial length=" + previousCount + ", but resulted with a count=" +
 		mActivity.getListView().getCount();
 	assertEquals(message, ++previousCount, mActivity.getListView().getCount());

 	// Check Content; Name; Num; Starred
 	assertEquals(INPUT_NAME_1 + "1", getTextFromView(0, android.R.id.text1));
 	assertEquals("5435754532", getTextFromView(0, android.R.id.text2));

 	//Check email is saved
 	//cursor = returnEmailCursorAtId("1");
 	Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://contacts/people/1");
 	uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(uri, ContactMethods.CONTENT_DIRECTORY);
 	Cursor cursor = mActivity.getContentResolver().query(uri, CONTACTS_COLUMNS, null, null, null);
 	assertTrue("returnEmailCursorAtId: Moving cursor to first row has failed", cursor.first());

 	int dataIndex = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("data");
 	assertEquals("1" + INPUT_EMAIL_1, cursor.getString(dataIndex));
 	cursor.deactivate();
 }
 	</pre>


 <a name="androidInstrumentationFrameworkTroubleshooting"></a><h2>Troubleshooting</h2>

 <p>If you run your test cases and nothing appears to happen, have a look at <code>adb logcat</code>. The following is a common problem:</p>
 <pre class="prettify">
 I/dalvikvm(  688): threadid=11: attached from native, name=Binder Thread #1
 I/dalvikvm(  688): threadid=13: attached from native, name=Binder Thread #2
 W/ActivityManager(  469): Unable to find instrumentation info for: ComponentInfo{com.google.android.browser_instrumentation/com.google.android.browser_instrumentation.BrowserWebkitLayoutInstrumentation}
 D/AndroidRuntime(  688): Shutting down VM
 E/AndroidRuntime(  688): ERROR: thread attach failed
 </pre>
 <p>It's possible that the instrumentation apk isn't installed on your device or that the package name is incorrect in the Manifest file. </p>


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	<a name="androidTitleInstrumentationFramework"></a><h1>Instrumentation Framework</h1>



	<a name="toc"/>
	<div style="padding:10px">
	<a href="#androidInstrumentationFrameworkIntro">Introduction</a><br/>
	<a href="#androidInstrumentationFrameworkamCommand">Understanding the am Command</a><br/>
	<a href="#androidInstrumentationFrameworkWritingRunning">Writing and Running Test Cases</a><br/>
	<a href="#androidInstrumentationFrameworkTestCase">Exploring a Test Case</a><br/>
	<a href="#androidInstrumentationFrameworkTroubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a><br/></div></font></div>

	<a name="androidInstrumentationFrameworkIntro"></a><h2>Introduction</h2>

	<p>This document describes how to use the Instrumentation Framework to write test cases. You should have a working knowledge of the following:</p>
	<ul>
	<li> Android Application Framework </li>
	<li> Using <code>adb</code>, <code>am</code> and various logging functionality </li>
	<li> A brief understanding of the application of interest, that is, he names of the classes which handle the intents etc. </li>
	<li> Junit testing. </li>
	</ul>
	<p> Each Android application runs in its own process. Instrumentation kills the application process and restarts the process with Instrumentation. Instrumentation gives a handle to the application context used to poke around the application to validate test assertions, allowing you to write test cases to test applications at a much lower level than UI screen shot tests. Note that Instrumentation cannot catch UI bugs. </p>


	<a name="androidInstrumentationFrameworkamCommand"></a><h2>Understanding the am Command</h2>

	<p><code>am</code> is used to start and instrument activities using the adb shell command, as shown in the snippet below:</p>
	<pre class="prettify">
	> adb shell am
	usage: am [start\|instrument]
	am start [-a <ACTION>] [-d <DATA_URI>] [-t <MIME_TYPE>]
	[-c <CATEGORY> [-c <CATEGORY>] ...]
	[-e <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_VALUE> [-e <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_VALUE> ...]
	[-n <COMPONENT>] [-D] [<URI>]
	am instrument [-e <ARG_NAME> <ARG_VALUE>] [-p <PROF_FILE>]
	[-w] <COMPONENT>
	For example, to start the Contacts application you can use
	> adb shell am start -n com.google.android.contacts/.ContactsActivity
	</pre>


	<a name="androidInstrumentationFrameworkWritingRunning"></a><h2>Writing and Running Test Cases</h2>

	<p>Each instrumentation test case is similar to an Android application with the distinction that it starts another application. For example, have a look in the <code>tests/Contacts</code> directory. </p>
	<ul>
	<li> There should be a Makefile and an Android Manifest file. </li>
	<li> Tests are located in <code>tests/Contacts/src/com/google/android/contactstests</code>. </li>
	<li> The Instrumentation Test Runner is located at <code>tests/Contacts/src/com/google/android/contactstests/functional/ContactsInstrumentationTestRunner.java</code>.</li>
	</ul>
	<p>Suppose you have a makefile with <code>Contactstests</code> as the target. </p>
	<ul>
	<li> <code>make Contactstests</code>: Compiles the test cases. </li>
	<li> <code>adb install Contactstests.apk</code>: Installs the apk on the device. </li>
	<li> Use the adb shell <code>am</code> command to run them. </li>
	</ul>
	<p> For options and other details, please see <a href="instrumentation_testing.html" target="_top">Instrumentation Testing</a>.</p>


	<a name="androidInstrumentationFrameworkTestCase"></a><h2>Exploring a Test Case</h2>

	<p> The test case described in this section adds and tests a new Contact. Note that you can send intents, register intent receivers, etc. </p>
	<p><code>Instrumentation.java</code> has helper functions that send key events and string, for example: </p>
	<ul>
	<li><code>getInstrumentation()</code>: Returns the handle to the instrumentation </li>
	<li><code>sendCharacterSync</code>: Sends a character. </li>
	<li><code>sendStringSync</code>: Sends a string to an input box. </li>
	<li><code>sendKeyDownUpSync</code>: Sends a specific keyevent. </li>
	<li><code>sendTrackballEventSync</code>: Send a trackball event.</li>
	</ul>
	<p> You can find the test case below at <code>device/tests/Contacts.</code></p>
	<pre class="prettify">
	private void addNewContact(String name, int star, int phoneType, String number, String label,
	String email, int emailType){
	ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
	Uri phoneUri = null;
	Uri emailUri = null;

	values.put(Contacts.People.NAME, name);
	values.put(Contacts.People.STARRED, star);

	//Add Phone Numbers
	Uri uri = mActivity.getContentResolver().insert(Contacts.People.CONTENT_URI, values);
	phoneUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(uri, Contacts.People.Phones.CONTENT_DIRECTORY);

	values.clear();
	values.put(Contacts.Phones.TYPE, phoneType);
	values.put(Contacts.Phones.NUMBER, number);
	values.put(Contacts.Phones.LABEL, label);
	mActivity.getContentResolver().insert(phoneUri, values);

	//Add Email
	emailUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(uri, ContactMethods.CONTENT_DIRECTORY);

	values.clear();
	values.put(ContactMethods.KIND, Contacts.KIND_EMAIL);
	values.put(ContactMethods.DATA, email);
	values.put(ContactMethods.LABEL, "");
	values.put(ContactMethods.TYPE, emailType);
	mActivity.getContentResolver().insert(emailUri, values);
	}


	public void testAddSaveSingleContact(){
	int previousCount = mActivity.getListView().getCount();
	String message;

	addNewContact(INPUT_NAME_1 + "1", "5435754532", "1" + INPUT_EMAIL_1, CONFIRM_OPTION);

	message = "Added 1 to initial length=" + previousCount + ", but resulted with a count=" +
	mActivity.getListView().getCount();
	assertEquals(message, ++previousCount, mActivity.getListView().getCount());

	// Check Content; Name; Num; Starred
	assertEquals(INPUT_NAME_1 + "1", getTextFromView(0, android.R.id.text1));
	assertEquals("5435754532", getTextFromView(0, android.R.id.text2));

	//Check email is saved
	//cursor = returnEmailCursorAtId("1");
	Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://contacts/people/1");
	uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(uri, ContactMethods.CONTENT_DIRECTORY);
	Cursor cursor = mActivity.getContentResolver().query(uri, CONTACTS_COLUMNS, null, null, null);
	assertTrue("returnEmailCursorAtId: Moving cursor to first row has failed", cursor.first());

	int dataIndex = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("data");
	assertEquals("1" + INPUT_EMAIL_1, cursor.getString(dataIndex));
	cursor.deactivate();
	}
	</pre>


	<a name="androidInstrumentationFrameworkTroubleshooting"></a><h2>Troubleshooting</h2>

	<p>If you run your test cases and nothing appears to happen, have a look at <code>adb logcat</code>. The following is a common problem:</p>
	<pre class="prettify">
	I/dalvikvm( 688): threadid=11: attached from native, name=Binder Thread #1
	I/dalvikvm( 688): threadid=13: attached from native, name=Binder Thread #2
	W/ActivityManager( 469): Unable to find instrumentation info for: ComponentInfo{com.google.android.browser_instrumentation/com.google.android.browser_instrumentation.BrowserWebkitLayoutInstrumentation}
	D/AndroidRuntime( 688): Shutting down VM
	E/AndroidRuntime( 688): ERROR: thread attach failed
	</pre>
	<p>It's possible that the instrumentation apk isn't installed on your device or that the package name is incorrect in the Manifest file. </p>


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