Merge "Add support for int-to-char in the optimizing compiler."
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/builder.cc b/compiler/optimizing/builder.cc
index df3d57e..b51b6e7 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/builder.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/builder.cc
@@ -1007,6 +1007,11 @@
       break;
     }
 
+    case Instruction::INT_TO_CHAR: {
+      Conversion_12x(instruction, Primitive::kPrimInt, Primitive::kPrimChar);
+      break;
+    }
+
     case Instruction::ADD_INT: {
       Binop_23x<HAdd>(instruction, Primitive::kPrimInt);
       break;
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm.cc b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm.cc
index 7444506..09e1b97 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_arm.cc
@@ -1356,7 +1356,7 @@
         case Primitive::kPrimShort:
         case Primitive::kPrimInt:
         case Primitive::kPrimChar:
-          // int-to-byte conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `int-to-byte' instruction.
           locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RequiresRegister());
           locations->SetOut(Location::RequiresRegister(), Location::kNoOutputOverlap);
           break;
@@ -1370,7 +1370,7 @@
     case Primitive::kPrimInt:
       switch (input_type) {
         case Primitive::kPrimLong:
-          // long-to-int conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `long-to-int' instruction.
           locations->SetInAt(0, Location::Any());
           locations->SetOut(Location::RequiresRegister(), Location::kNoOutputOverlap);
           break;
@@ -1393,7 +1393,7 @@
         case Primitive::kPrimShort:
         case Primitive::kPrimInt:
         case Primitive::kPrimChar:
-          // int-to-long conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `int-to-long' instruction.
           locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RequiresRegister());
           locations->SetOut(Location::RequiresRegister(), Location::kNoOutputOverlap);
           break;
@@ -1410,6 +1410,23 @@
       }
       break;
 
+    case Primitive::kPrimChar:
+      switch (input_type) {
+        case Primitive::kPrimByte:
+        case Primitive::kPrimShort:
+        case Primitive::kPrimInt:
+        case Primitive::kPrimChar:
+          // Processing a Dex `int-to-char' instruction.
+          locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RequiresRegister());
+          locations->SetOut(Location::RequiresRegister(), Location::kNoOutputOverlap);
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected type conversion from " << input_type
+                     << " to " << result_type;
+      }
+      break;
+
     case Primitive::kPrimFloat:
     case Primitive::kPrimDouble:
       LOG(FATAL) << "Type conversion from " << input_type
@@ -1434,7 +1451,7 @@
         case Primitive::kPrimShort:
         case Primitive::kPrimInt:
         case Primitive::kPrimChar:
-          // int-to-byte conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `int-to-byte' instruction.
           __ sbfx(out.As<Register>(), in.As<Register>(), 0, 8);
           break;
 
@@ -1447,7 +1464,7 @@
     case Primitive::kPrimInt:
       switch (input_type) {
         case Primitive::kPrimLong:
-          // long-to-int conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `long-to-int' instruction.
           DCHECK(out.IsRegister());
           if (in.IsRegisterPair()) {
             __ Mov(out.As<Register>(), in.AsRegisterPairLow<Register>());
@@ -1479,7 +1496,7 @@
         case Primitive::kPrimShort:
         case Primitive::kPrimInt:
         case Primitive::kPrimChar:
-          // int-to-long conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `int-to-long' instruction.
           DCHECK(out.IsRegisterPair());
           DCHECK(in.IsRegister());
           __ Mov(out.AsRegisterPairLow<Register>(), in.As<Register>());
@@ -1501,6 +1518,22 @@
       }
       break;
 
+    case Primitive::kPrimChar:
+      switch (input_type) {
+        case Primitive::kPrimByte:
+        case Primitive::kPrimShort:
+        case Primitive::kPrimInt:
+        case Primitive::kPrimChar:
+          // Processing a Dex `int-to-char' instruction.
+          __ ubfx(out.As<Register>(), in.As<Register>(), 0, 16);
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected type conversion from " << input_type
+                     << " to " << result_type;
+      }
+      break;
+
     case Primitive::kPrimFloat:
     case Primitive::kPrimDouble:
       LOG(FATAL) << "Type conversion from " << input_type
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86.cc b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86.cc
index 6e1abbf..8a8fec2 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86.cc
@@ -1295,7 +1295,7 @@
         case Primitive::kPrimShort:
         case Primitive::kPrimInt:
         case Primitive::kPrimChar:
-          // int-to-byte conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `int-to-byte' instruction.
           locations->SetInAt(0, Location::Any());
           locations->SetOut(Location::RequiresRegister(), Location::kNoOutputOverlap);
           break;
@@ -1309,7 +1309,7 @@
     case Primitive::kPrimInt:
       switch (input_type) {
         case Primitive::kPrimLong:
-          // long-to-int conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `long-to-int' instruction.
           locations->SetInAt(0, Location::Any());
           locations->SetOut(Location::RequiresRegister(), Location::kNoOutputOverlap);
           break;
@@ -1332,7 +1332,7 @@
         case Primitive::kPrimShort:
         case Primitive::kPrimInt:
         case Primitive::kPrimChar:
-          // int-to-long conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `int-to-long' instruction.
           locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RegisterLocation(EAX));
           locations->SetOut(Location::RegisterPairLocation(EAX, EDX));
           break;
@@ -1349,6 +1349,23 @@
       }
       break;
 
+    case Primitive::kPrimChar:
+      switch (input_type) {
+        case Primitive::kPrimByte:
+        case Primitive::kPrimShort:
+        case Primitive::kPrimInt:
+        case Primitive::kPrimChar:
+          // Processing a Dex `int-to-char' instruction.
+          locations->SetInAt(0, Location::Any());
+          locations->SetOut(Location::RequiresRegister(), Location::kNoOutputOverlap);
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected type conversion from " << input_type
+                     << " to " << result_type;
+      }
+      break;
+
     case Primitive::kPrimFloat:
     case Primitive::kPrimDouble:
       LOG(FATAL) << "Type conversion from " << input_type
@@ -1373,7 +1390,7 @@
         case Primitive::kPrimShort:
         case Primitive::kPrimInt:
         case Primitive::kPrimChar:
-          // int-to-byte conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `int-to-byte' instruction.
           if (in.IsRegister()) {
             __ movsxb(out.As<Register>(), in.As<ByteRegister>());
           } else if (in.IsStackSlot()) {
@@ -1394,7 +1411,7 @@
     case Primitive::kPrimInt:
       switch (input_type) {
         case Primitive::kPrimLong:
-          // long-to-int conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `long-to-int' instruction.
           if (in.IsRegisterPair()) {
             __ movl(out.As<Register>(), in.AsRegisterPairLow<Register>());
           } else if (in.IsDoubleStackSlot()) {
@@ -1425,7 +1442,7 @@
         case Primitive::kPrimShort:
         case Primitive::kPrimInt:
         case Primitive::kPrimChar:
-          // int-to-long conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `int-to-long' instruction.
           DCHECK_EQ(out.AsRegisterPairLow<Register>(), EAX);
           DCHECK_EQ(out.AsRegisterPairHigh<Register>(), EDX);
           DCHECK_EQ(in.As<Register>(), EAX);
@@ -1444,6 +1461,30 @@
       }
       break;
 
+    case Primitive::kPrimChar:
+      switch (input_type) {
+        case Primitive::kPrimByte:
+        case Primitive::kPrimShort:
+        case Primitive::kPrimInt:
+        case Primitive::kPrimChar:
+          // Processing a Dex `Process a Dex `int-to-char'' instruction.
+          if (in.IsRegister()) {
+            __ movzxw(out.As<Register>(), in.As<Register>());
+          } else if (in.IsStackSlot()) {
+            __ movzxw(out.As<Register>(), Address(ESP, in.GetStackIndex()));
+          } else {
+            DCHECK(in.GetConstant()->IsIntConstant());
+            int32_t value = in.GetConstant()->AsIntConstant()->GetValue();
+            __ movl(out.As<Register>(), Immediate(static_cast<uint16_t>(value)));
+          }
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected type conversion from " << input_type
+                     << " to " << result_type;
+      }
+      break;
+
     case Primitive::kPrimFloat:
     case Primitive::kPrimDouble:
       LOG(FATAL) << "Type conversion from " << input_type
diff --git a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86_64.cc b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86_64.cc
index 2393fb5..5aa1c4a 100644
--- a/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86_64.cc
+++ b/compiler/optimizing/code_generator_x86_64.cc
@@ -1293,7 +1293,7 @@
         case Primitive::kPrimShort:
         case Primitive::kPrimInt:
         case Primitive::kPrimChar:
-          // int-to-byte conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `int-to-byte' instruction.
           locations->SetInAt(0, Location::Any());
           locations->SetOut(Location::RequiresRegister(), Location::kNoOutputOverlap);
           break;
@@ -1307,7 +1307,7 @@
     case Primitive::kPrimInt:
       switch (input_type) {
         case Primitive::kPrimLong:
-          // long-to-int conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `long-to-int' instruction.
           locations->SetInAt(0, Location::Any());
           locations->SetOut(Location::RequiresRegister(), Location::kNoOutputOverlap);
           break;
@@ -1330,7 +1330,7 @@
         case Primitive::kPrimShort:
         case Primitive::kPrimInt:
         case Primitive::kPrimChar:
-          // int-to-long conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `int-to-long' instruction.
           // TODO: We would benefit from a (to-be-implemented)
           // Location::RegisterOrStackSlot requirement for this input.
           locations->SetInAt(0, Location::RequiresRegister());
@@ -1349,6 +1349,23 @@
       }
       break;
 
+    case Primitive::kPrimChar:
+      switch (input_type) {
+        case Primitive::kPrimByte:
+        case Primitive::kPrimShort:
+        case Primitive::kPrimInt:
+        case Primitive::kPrimChar:
+          // Processing a Dex `int-to-char' instruction.
+          locations->SetInAt(0, Location::Any());
+          locations->SetOut(Location::RequiresRegister(), Location::kNoOutputOverlap);
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected type conversion from " << input_type
+                     << " to " << result_type;
+      }
+      break;
+
     case Primitive::kPrimFloat:
     case Primitive::kPrimDouble:
       LOG(FATAL) << "Type conversion from " << input_type
@@ -1373,7 +1390,7 @@
         case Primitive::kPrimShort:
         case Primitive::kPrimInt:
         case Primitive::kPrimChar:
-          // int-to-byte conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `int-to-byte' instruction.
           if (in.IsRegister()) {
             __ movsxb(out.As<CpuRegister>(), in.As<CpuRegister>());
           } else if (in.IsStackSlot()) {
@@ -1395,7 +1412,7 @@
     case Primitive::kPrimInt:
       switch (input_type) {
         case Primitive::kPrimLong:
-          // long-to-int conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `long-to-int' instruction.
           if (in.IsRegister()) {
             __ movl(out.As<CpuRegister>(), in.As<CpuRegister>());
           } else if (in.IsDoubleStackSlot()) {
@@ -1428,7 +1445,7 @@
         case Primitive::kPrimShort:
         case Primitive::kPrimInt:
         case Primitive::kPrimChar:
-          // int-to-long conversion.
+          // Processing a Dex `int-to-long' instruction.
           DCHECK(in.IsRegister());
           __ movsxd(out.As<CpuRegister>(), in.As<CpuRegister>());
           break;
@@ -1445,6 +1462,31 @@
       }
       break;
 
+    case Primitive::kPrimChar:
+      switch (input_type) {
+        case Primitive::kPrimByte:
+        case Primitive::kPrimShort:
+        case Primitive::kPrimInt:
+        case Primitive::kPrimChar:
+          // Processing a Dex `int-to-char' instruction.
+          if (in.IsRegister()) {
+            __ movzxw(out.As<CpuRegister>(), in.As<CpuRegister>());
+          } else if (in.IsStackSlot()) {
+            __ movzxw(out.As<CpuRegister>(),
+                      Address(CpuRegister(RSP), in.GetStackIndex()));
+          } else {
+            DCHECK(in.GetConstant()->IsIntConstant());
+            __ movl(out.As<CpuRegister>(),
+                    Immediate(static_cast<uint16_t>(in.GetConstant()->AsIntConstant()->GetValue())));
+          }
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected type conversion from " << input_type
+                     << " to " << result_type;
+      }
+      break;
+
     case Primitive::kPrimFloat:
     case Primitive::kPrimDouble:
       LOG(FATAL) << "Type conversion from " << input_type
diff --git a/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_arm.h b/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_arm.h
index 911000a..d288b70 100644
--- a/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_arm.h
+++ b/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_arm.h
@@ -421,8 +421,11 @@
   virtual void sdiv(Register rd, Register rn, Register rm, Condition cond = AL) = 0;
   virtual void udiv(Register rd, Register rn, Register rm, Condition cond = AL) = 0;
 
+  // Bit field extract instructions.
   virtual void sbfx(Register rd, Register rn, uint32_t lsb, uint32_t width,
                     Condition cond = AL) = 0;
+  virtual void ubfx(Register rd, Register rn, uint32_t lsb, uint32_t width,
+                    Condition cond = AL) = 0;
 
   // Load/store instructions.
   virtual void ldr(Register rd, const Address& ad, Condition cond = AL) = 0;
diff --git a/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_arm32.cc b/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_arm32.cc
index 29cbf58..39ebf68 100644
--- a/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_arm32.cc
+++ b/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_arm32.cc
@@ -227,6 +227,25 @@
 }
 
 
+void Arm32Assembler::ubfx(Register rd, Register rn, uint32_t lsb, uint32_t width, Condition cond) {
+  CHECK_NE(rd, kNoRegister);
+  CHECK_NE(rn, kNoRegister);
+  CHECK_NE(cond, kNoCondition);
+  CHECK_LE(lsb, 31U);
+  CHECK(1U <= width && width <= 32U) << width;
+  uint32_t widthminus1 = width - 1;
+
+  int32_t encoding = (static_cast<int32_t>(cond) << kConditionShift) |
+      B26 | B25 | B24 | B23 | B22 | B21 |
+      (widthminus1 << 16) |
+      (static_cast<uint32_t>(rd) << 12) |
+      (lsb << 7) |
+      B6 | B4 |
+      static_cast<uint32_t>(rn);
+  Emit(encoding);
+}
+
+
 void Arm32Assembler::ldr(Register rd, const Address& ad, Condition cond) {
   EmitMemOp(cond, true, false, rd, ad);
 }
diff --git a/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_arm32.h b/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_arm32.h
index b582e9e..0b009e1 100644
--- a/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_arm32.h
+++ b/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_arm32.h
@@ -96,7 +96,9 @@
   void sdiv(Register rd, Register rn, Register rm, Condition cond = AL) OVERRIDE;
   void udiv(Register rd, Register rn, Register rm, Condition cond = AL) OVERRIDE;
 
+  // Bit field extract instructions.
   void sbfx(Register rd, Register rn, uint32_t lsb, uint32_t width, Condition cond = AL) OVERRIDE;
+  void ubfx(Register rd, Register rn, uint32_t lsb, uint32_t width, Condition cond = AL) OVERRIDE;
 
   // Load/store instructions.
   void ldr(Register rd, const Address& ad, Condition cond = AL) OVERRIDE;
diff --git a/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_arm32_test.cc b/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_arm32_test.cc
index 4f5d4c3..277a9eb 100644
--- a/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_arm32_test.cc
+++ b/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_arm32_test.cc
@@ -116,4 +116,40 @@
   DriverStr(expected, "sbfx");
 }
 
+TEST_F(AssemblerArm32Test, Ubfx) {
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 0, 1);
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 0, 8);
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 0, 16);
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 0, 32);
+
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 8, 1);
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 8, 8);
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 8, 16);
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 8, 24);
+
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 16, 1);
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 16, 8);
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 16, 16);
+
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 31, 1);
+
+  const char* expected =
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #0, #1\n"
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #0, #8\n"
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #0, #16\n"
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #0, #32\n"
+
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #8, #1\n"
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #8, #8\n"
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #8, #16\n"
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #8, #24\n"
+
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #16, #1\n"
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #16, #8\n"
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #16, #16\n"
+
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #31, #1\n";
+  DriverStr(expected, "ubfx");
+}
+
 }  // namespace art
diff --git a/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_thumb2.cc b/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_thumb2.cc
index a309e18..3ab9b2b 100644
--- a/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_thumb2.cc
+++ b/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_thumb2.cc
@@ -285,6 +285,27 @@
 }
 
 
+void Thumb2Assembler::ubfx(Register rd, Register rn, uint32_t lsb, uint32_t width, Condition cond) {
+  CheckCondition(cond);
+  CHECK_LE(lsb, 31U);
+  CHECK(1U <= width && width <= 32U) << width;
+  uint32_t widthminus1 = width - 1;
+  uint32_t imm2 = lsb & (B1 | B0);  // Bits 0-1 of `lsb`.
+  uint32_t imm3 = (lsb & (B4 | B3 | B2)) >> 2;  // Bits 2-4 of `lsb`.
+
+  uint32_t op = 28U /* 0b11100 */;
+  int32_t encoding = B31 | B30 | B29 | B28 | B25 |
+      op << 20 |
+      static_cast<uint32_t>(rn) << 16 |
+      imm3 << 12 |
+      static_cast<uint32_t>(rd) << 8 |
+      imm2 << 6 |
+      widthminus1;
+
+  Emit32(encoding);
+}
+
+
 void Thumb2Assembler::ldr(Register rd, const Address& ad, Condition cond) {
   EmitLoadStore(cond, true, false, false, false, rd, ad);
 }
diff --git a/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_thumb2.h b/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_thumb2.h
index 1fc842c..cfa251a 100644
--- a/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_thumb2.h
+++ b/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_thumb2.h
@@ -118,7 +118,9 @@
   void sdiv(Register rd, Register rn, Register rm, Condition cond = AL) OVERRIDE;
   void udiv(Register rd, Register rn, Register rm, Condition cond = AL) OVERRIDE;
 
+  // Bit field extract instructions.
   void sbfx(Register rd, Register rn, uint32_t lsb, uint32_t width, Condition cond = AL) OVERRIDE;
+  void ubfx(Register rd, Register rn, uint32_t lsb, uint32_t width, Condition cond = AL) OVERRIDE;
 
   // Load/store instructions.
   void ldr(Register rd, const Address& ad, Condition cond = AL) OVERRIDE;
diff --git a/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_thumb2_test.cc b/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_thumb2_test.cc
index 57ba0ca..65d6d45 100644
--- a/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_thumb2_test.cc
+++ b/compiler/utils/arm/assembler_thumb2_test.cc
@@ -120,4 +120,40 @@
   DriverStr(expected, "sbfx");
 }
 
+TEST_F(AssemblerThumb2Test, Ubfx) {
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 0, 1);
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 0, 8);
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 0, 16);
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 0, 32);
+
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 8, 1);
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 8, 8);
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 8, 16);
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 8, 24);
+
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 16, 1);
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 16, 8);
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 16, 16);
+
+  GetAssembler()->ubfx(arm::R0, arm::R1, 31, 1);
+
+  const char* expected =
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #0, #1\n"
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #0, #8\n"
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #0, #16\n"
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #0, #32\n"
+
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #8, #1\n"
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #8, #8\n"
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #8, #16\n"
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #8, #24\n"
+
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #16, #1\n"
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #16, #8\n"
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #16, #16\n"
+
+      "ubfx r0, r1, #31, #1\n";
+  DriverStr(expected, "ubfx");
+}
+
 }  // namespace art
diff --git a/test/422-type-conversion/src/Main.java b/test/422-type-conversion/src/Main.java
index 7c5ddba..88b4528 100644
--- a/test/422-type-conversion/src/Main.java
+++ b/test/422-type-conversion/src/Main.java
@@ -36,6 +36,14 @@
     }
   }
 
+  public static void assertCharEquals(char expected, char result) {
+    if (expected != result) {
+      // Values are cast to int to display numeric values instead of
+      // (Unicode) characters.
+      throw new Error("Expected: " + (int)expected + ", found: " + (int)result);
+    }
+  }
+
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     byteToLong();
     shortToLong();
@@ -47,6 +55,10 @@
     shortToByte();
     intToByte();
     charToByte();
+
+    byteToChar();
+    shortToChar();
+    intToChar();
   }
 
   private static void byteToLong() {
@@ -174,6 +186,46 @@
     assertByteEquals((byte)127, $opt$CharToByte((char)-129));  // -(2^7 + 1)
   }
 
+  private static void byteToChar() {
+    assertCharEquals((char)1, $opt$ByteToChar((byte)1));
+    assertCharEquals((char)0, $opt$ByteToChar((byte)0));
+    assertCharEquals((char)65535, $opt$ByteToChar((byte)-1));
+    assertCharEquals((char)51, $opt$ByteToChar((byte)51));
+    assertCharEquals((char)65485, $opt$ByteToChar((byte)-51));
+    assertCharEquals((char)127, $opt$ByteToChar((byte)127));  // 2^7 - 1
+    assertCharEquals((char)65409, $opt$ByteToChar((byte)-127));  // -(2^7 - 1)
+    assertCharEquals((char)65408, $opt$ByteToChar((byte)-128));  // -(2^7)
+  }
+
+  private static void shortToChar() {
+    assertCharEquals((char)1, $opt$ShortToChar((short)1));
+    assertCharEquals((char)0, $opt$ShortToChar((short)0));
+    assertCharEquals((char)65535, $opt$ShortToChar((short)-1));
+    assertCharEquals((char)51, $opt$ShortToChar((short)51));
+    assertCharEquals((char)65485, $opt$ShortToChar((short)-51));
+    assertCharEquals((char)32767, $opt$ShortToChar((short)32767));  // 2^15 - 1
+    assertCharEquals((char)32769, $opt$ShortToChar((short)-32767));  // -(2^15 - 1)
+    assertCharEquals((char)32768, $opt$ShortToChar((short)-32768));  // -(2^15)
+  }
+
+  private static void intToChar() {
+    assertCharEquals((char)1, $opt$IntToChar(1));
+    assertCharEquals((char)0, $opt$IntToChar(0));
+    assertCharEquals((char)65535, $opt$IntToChar(-1));
+    assertCharEquals((char)51, $opt$IntToChar(51));
+    assertCharEquals((char)65485, $opt$IntToChar(-51));
+    assertCharEquals((char)32767, $opt$IntToChar(32767));  // 2^15 - 1
+    assertCharEquals((char)32769, $opt$IntToChar(-32767));  // -(2^15 - 1)
+    assertCharEquals((char)32768, $opt$IntToChar(32768));  // 2^15
+    assertCharEquals((char)32768, $opt$IntToChar(-32768));  // -(2^15)
+    assertCharEquals((char)65535, $opt$IntToChar(65535));  // 2^16 - 1
+    assertCharEquals((char)1, $opt$IntToChar(-65535));  // -(2^16 - 1)
+    assertCharEquals((char)0, $opt$IntToChar(65536));  // 2^16
+    assertCharEquals((char)0, $opt$IntToChar(-65536));  // -(2^16)
+    assertCharEquals((char)65535, $opt$IntToChar(2147483647));  // 2^31 - 1
+    assertCharEquals((char)0, $opt$IntToChar(-2147483648));  // -(2^31)
+  }
+
 
   // These methods produce int-to-long Dex instructions.
   static long $opt$ByteToLong(byte a) { return a; }
@@ -189,4 +241,9 @@
   static byte $opt$ShortToByte(short a){ return (byte)a; }
   static byte $opt$IntToByte(int a){ return (byte)a; }
   static byte $opt$CharToByte(char a){ return (byte)a; }
+
+  // These methods produce int-to-char Dex instructions.
+  static char $opt$ByteToChar(byte a){ return (char)a; }
+  static char $opt$ShortToChar(short a){ return (char)a; }
+  static char $opt$IntToChar(int a){ return (char)a; }
 }