Add dexoptanalyzer tool

dexoptanalyzer is a command line tool which analyzes whether or not a
given dex file needs to be dexopted. It is a wrapper around
OatFileAssistant::GetDexOptNeeded and its results have a mapping to
OatFileAssistant::DexOptNeeded.

This is needed for the management of secondary dex file. We need a way
to retrieve the DexOptNeeded status from installd outside system server.
We can't simply use the system server path (as we do for the main apks)
because system server can't access content writable by the apps.

Bug: 32871170
Test: m test-art-(host|target)
Change-Id: Ife1534560ca2658079d4a38a30bc8d94f35fe9c8
diff --git a/Android.bp b/Android.bp
index b9f1db5..d0e22fb 100644
--- a/Android.bp
+++ b/Android.bp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
     "dexdump",
     "dexlayout",
     "dexlist",
+    "dexoptanalyzer",
     "disassembler",
     "imgdiag",
     "oatdump",
diff --git a/build/Android.common_path.mk b/build/Android.common_path.mk
index e568ce2..6de5aef 100644
--- a/build/Android.common_path.mk
+++ b/build/Android.common_path.mk
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@
 
 ART_CORE_DEBUGGABLE_EXECUTABLES := \
     dex2oat \
+    dexoptanalyzer \
     imgdiag \
     oatdump \
     patchoat \
diff --git a/build/Android.gtest.mk b/build/Android.gtest.mk
index d8b780a..75e70c1 100644
--- a/build/Android.gtest.mk
+++ b/build/Android.gtest.mk
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@
 ART_GTEST_jni_compiler_test_DEX_DEPS := MyClassNatives
 ART_GTEST_jni_internal_test_DEX_DEPS := AllFields StaticLeafMethods
 ART_GTEST_oat_file_assistant_test_DEX_DEPS := $(ART_GTEST_dex2oat_environment_tests_DEX_DEPS)
+ART_GTEST_dexoptanalyzer_test_DEX_DEPS := $(ART_GTEST_dex2oat_environment_tests_DEX_DEPS)
 ART_GTEST_oat_file_test_DEX_DEPS := Main MultiDex
 ART_GTEST_oat_test_DEX_DEPS := Main
 ART_GTEST_object_test_DEX_DEPS := ProtoCompare ProtoCompare2 StaticsFromCode XandY
@@ -136,6 +137,12 @@
 ART_GTEST_oat_file_assistant_test_TARGET_DEPS := \
   $(ART_GTEST_dex2oat_environment_tests_TARGET_DEPS)
 
+ART_GTEST_dexoptanalyzer_test_HOST_DEPS := \
+  $(ART_GTEST_dex2oat_environment_tests_HOST_DEPS) \
+  $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/dexoptanalyzerd
+ART_GTEST_dexoptanalyzer_test_TARGET_DEPS := \
+  $(ART_GTEST_dex2oat_environment_tests_TARGET_DEPS) \
+  dexoptanalyzerd
 
 ART_GTEST_dex2oat_test_HOST_DEPS := \
   $(ART_GTEST_dex2oat_environment_tests_HOST_DEPS)
@@ -219,6 +226,7 @@
     art_dexdump_tests \
     art_dexlayout_tests \
     art_dexlist_tests \
+    art_dexoptanalyzer_tests \
     art_imgdiag_tests \
     art_oatdump_tests \
     art_profman_tests \
@@ -614,6 +622,9 @@
 ART_GTEST_oat_file_assistant_test_DEX_DEPS :=
 ART_GTEST_oat_file_assistant_test_HOST_DEPS :=
 ART_GTEST_oat_file_assistant_test_TARGET_DEPS :=
+ART_GTEST_dexoptanalyzer_test_DEX_DEPS :=
+ART_GTEST_dexoptanalyzer_test_HOST_DEPS :=
+ART_GTEST_dexoptanalyzer_test_TARGET_DEPS :=
 ART_GTEST_dex2oat_test_DEX_DEPS :=
 ART_GTEST_dex2oat_test_HOST_DEPS :=
 ART_GTEST_dex2oat_test_TARGET_DEPS :=
diff --git a/dexoptanalyzer/Android.bp b/dexoptanalyzer/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf4c99e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexoptanalyzer/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "dexoptanalyzer-defaults",
+    host_supported: true,
+    defaults: ["art_defaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "dexoptanalyzer.cc",
+    ],
+
+    target: {
+        android: {
+            compile_multilib: "prefer32",
+        },
+    },
+
+    include_dirs: [
+        "art/cmdline",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+    ],
+}
+
+art_cc_binary {
+    name: "dexoptanalyzer",
+    defaults: ["dexoptanalyzer-defaults"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libart",
+    ],
+}
+
+art_cc_binary {
+    name: "dexoptanalyzerd",
+    defaults: [
+        "dexoptanalyzer-defaults",
+        "art_debug_defaults",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libartd",
+    ],
+}
+
+art_cc_test {
+    name: "art_dexoptanalyzer_tests",
+    defaults: [
+        "art_gtest_defaults",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbacktrace"
+    ],
+    srcs: ["dexoptanalyzer_test.cc"],
+}
diff --git a/dexoptanalyzer/dexoptanalyzer.cc b/dexoptanalyzer/dexoptanalyzer.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..965e407
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexoptanalyzer/dexoptanalyzer.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "android-base/stringprintf.h"
+#include "android-base/strings.h"
+#include "compiler_filter.h"
+#include "dex_file.h"
+#include "noop_compiler_callbacks.h"
+#include "oat_file_assistant.h"
+#include "os.h"
+#include "runtime.h"
+#include "thread-inl.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+namespace art {
+
+// See OatFileAssistant docs for the meaning of the valid return codes.
+enum ReturnCodes {
+  kNoDexOptNeeded = 0,
+  kDex2OatFromScratch = 1,
+  kDex2OatForBootImageOat = 2,
+  kDex2OatForFilterOat = 3,
+  kDex2OatForRelocationOat = 4,
+  kDex2OatForBootImageOdex = 5,
+  kDex2OatForFilterOdex = 6,
+  kDex2OatForRelocationOdex = 7,
+
+  kErrorInvalidArguments = 101,
+  kErrorCannotCreateRuntime = 102,
+  kErrorUnknownDexOptNeeded = 103
+};
+
+static int original_argc;
+static char** original_argv;
+
+static std::string CommandLine() {
+  std::vector<std::string> command;
+  for (int i = 0; i < original_argc; ++i) {
+    command.push_back(original_argv[i]);
+  }
+  return android::base::Join(command, ' ');
+}
+
+static void UsageErrorV(const char* fmt, va_list ap) {
+  std::string error;
+  android::base::StringAppendV(&error, fmt, ap);
+  LOG(ERROR) << error;
+}
+
+static void UsageError(const char* fmt, ...) {
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, fmt);
+  UsageErrorV(fmt, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+}
+
+NO_RETURN static void Usage(const char *fmt, ...) {
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, fmt);
+  UsageErrorV(fmt, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+
+  UsageError("Command: %s", CommandLine().c_str());
+  UsageError("  Performs a dexopt analysis on the given dex file and returns whether or not");
+  UsageError("  the dex file needs to be dexopted.");
+  UsageError("Usage: dexoptanalyzer [options]...");
+  UsageError("");
+  UsageError("  --dex-file=<filename>: the dex file which should be analyzed.");
+  UsageError("");
+  UsageError("  --isa=<string>: the instruction set for which the analysis should be performed.");
+  UsageError("");
+  UsageError("  --compiler-filter=<string>: the target compiler filter to be used as reference");
+  UsageError("       when deciding if the dex file needs to be optimized.");
+  UsageError("");
+  UsageError("  --assume-profile-changed: assumes the profile information has changed");
+  UsageError("       when deciding if the dex file needs to be optimized.");
+  UsageError("");
+  UsageError("  --image=<filename>: optional, the image to be used to decide if the associated");
+  UsageError("       oat file is up to date. Defaults to $ANDROID_ROOT/framework/boot.art.");
+  UsageError("       Example: --image=/system/framework/boot.art");
+  UsageError("");
+  UsageError("  --android-data=<directory>: optional, the directory which should be used as");
+  UsageError("       android-data. By default ANDROID_DATA env variable is used.");
+  UsageError("");
+  UsageError("Return code:");
+  UsageError("  To make it easier to integrate with the internal tools this command will make");
+  UsageError("    available its result (dexoptNeeded) as the exit/return code. i.e. it will not");
+  UsageError("    return 0 for success and a non zero values for errors as the conventional");
+  UsageError("    commands. The following return codes are possible:");
+  UsageError("        kNoDexOptNeeded = 0");
+  UsageError("        kDex2OatFromScratch = 1");
+  UsageError("        kDex2OatForBootImageOat = 2");
+  UsageError("        kDex2OatForFilterOat = 3");
+  UsageError("        kDex2OatForRelocationOat = 4");
+  UsageError("        kDex2OatForBootImageOdex = 5");
+  UsageError("        kDex2OatForFilterOdex = 6");
+  UsageError("        kDex2OatForRelocationOdex = 7");
+
+  UsageError("        kErrorInvalidArguments = 101");
+  UsageError("        kErrorCannotCreateRuntime = 102");
+  UsageError("        kErrorUnknownDexOptNeeded = 103");
+  UsageError("");
+
+  exit(kErrorInvalidArguments);
+}
+
+class DexoptAnalyzer FINAL {
+ public:
+  DexoptAnalyzer() : assume_profile_changed_(false) {}
+
+  void ParseArgs(int argc, char **argv) {
+    original_argc = argc;
+    original_argv = argv;
+
+    InitLogging(argv, Runtime::Aborter);
+    // Skip over the command name.
+    argv++;
+    argc--;
+
+    if (argc == 0) {
+      Usage("No arguments specified");
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
+      const StringPiece option(argv[i]);
+      if (option == "--assume-profile-changed") {
+        assume_profile_changed_ = true;
+      } else if (option.starts_with("--dex-file=")) {
+        dex_file_ = option.substr(strlen("--dex-file=")).ToString();
+      } else if (option.starts_with("--compiler-filter=")) {
+        std::string filter_str = option.substr(strlen("--compiler-filter=")).ToString();
+        if (!CompilerFilter::ParseCompilerFilter(filter_str.c_str(), &compiler_filter_)) {
+          Usage("Invalid compiler filter '%s'", option.data());
+        }
+      } else if (option.starts_with("--isa=")) {
+        std::string isa_str = option.substr(strlen("--isa=")).ToString();
+        isa_ = GetInstructionSetFromString(isa_str.c_str());
+        if (isa_ == kNone) {
+          Usage("Invalid isa '%s'", option.data());
+        }
+      } else if (option.starts_with("--image=")) {
+        image_ = option.substr(strlen("--image=")).ToString();
+      } else if (option.starts_with("--android-data=")) {
+        // Overwrite android-data if needed (oat file assistant relies on a valid directory to
+        // compute dalvik-cache folder). This is mostly used in tests.
+        std::string new_android_data = option.substr(strlen("--android-data=")).ToString();
+        setenv("ANDROID_DATA", new_android_data.c_str(), 1);
+      } else {
+        Usage("Unknown argument '%s'", option.data());
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (image_.empty()) {
+      // If we don't receive the image, try to use the default one.
+      // Tests may specify a different image (e.g. core image).
+      std::string error_msg;
+      image_ = GetDefaultBootImageLocation(&error_msg);
+
+      if (image_.empty()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << error_msg;
+        Usage("--image unspecified and ANDROID_ROOT not set or image file does not exist.");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool CreateRuntime() {
+    RuntimeOptions options;
+    // The image could be custom, so make sure we explicitly pass it.
+    std::string img = "-Ximage:" + image_;
+    options.push_back(std::make_pair(img.c_str(), nullptr));
+    // The instruction set of the image should match the instruction set we will test.
+    const void* isa_opt = reinterpret_cast<const void*>(GetInstructionSetString(isa_));
+    options.push_back(std::make_pair("imageinstructionset", isa_opt));
+     // Disable libsigchain. We don't don't need it to evaluate DexOptNeeded status.
+    options.push_back(std::make_pair("-Xno-sig-chain", nullptr));
+    // Pretend we are a compiler so that we can re-use the same infrastructure to load a different
+    // ISA image and minimize the amount of things that get started.
+    NoopCompilerCallbacks callbacks;
+    options.push_back(std::make_pair("compilercallbacks", &callbacks));
+    // Make sure we don't attempt to relocate. The tool should only retrieve the DexOptNeeded
+    // status and not attempt to relocate the boot image.
+    options.push_back(std::make_pair("-Xnorelocate", nullptr));
+
+    if (!Runtime::Create(options, false)) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to initialize runtime";
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Runtime::Create acquired the mutator_lock_ that is normally given away when we
+    // Runtime::Start. Give it away now.
+    Thread::Current()->TransitionFromRunnableToSuspended(kNative);
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  int GetDexOptNeeded() {
+    // If the file does not exist there's nothing to do.
+    // This is a fast path to avoid creating the runtime (b/34385298).
+    if (!OS::FileExists(dex_file_.c_str())) {
+      return kNoDexOptNeeded;
+    }
+    if (!CreateRuntime()) {
+      return kErrorCannotCreateRuntime;
+    }
+    OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_file_.c_str(), isa_, /*load_executable*/ false);
+    // Always treat elements of the bootclasspath as up-to-date.
+    // TODO(calin): this check should be in OatFileAssistant.
+    if (oat_file_assistant.IsInBootClassPath()) {
+      return kNoDexOptNeeded;
+    }
+    int dexoptNeeded = oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(
+        compiler_filter_, assume_profile_changed_);
+
+    // Convert OatFileAssitant codes to dexoptanalyzer codes.
+    switch (dexoptNeeded) {
+      case OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded: return kNoDexOptNeeded;
+      case OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatFromScratch: return kDex2OatFromScratch;
+      case OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatForBootImage: return kDex2OatForBootImageOat;
+      case OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatForFilter: return kDex2OatForFilterOat;
+      case OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatForRelocation: return kDex2OatForRelocationOat;
+
+      case -OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatForBootImage: return kDex2OatForBootImageOdex;
+      case -OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatForFilter: return kDex2OatForFilterOdex;
+      case -OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatForRelocation: return kDex2OatForRelocationOdex;
+      default:
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown dexoptNeeded " << dexoptNeeded;
+        return kErrorUnknownDexOptNeeded;
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::string dex_file_;
+  InstructionSet isa_;
+  CompilerFilter::Filter compiler_filter_;
+  bool assume_profile_changed_;
+  std::string image_;
+};
+
+static int dexoptAnalyze(int argc, char** argv) {
+  DexoptAnalyzer analyzer;
+
+  // Parse arguments. Argument mistakes will lead to exit(kErrorInvalidArguments) in UsageError.
+  analyzer.ParseArgs(argc, argv);
+  return analyzer.GetDexOptNeeded();
+}
+
+}  // namespace art
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  return art::dexoptAnalyze(argc, argv);
+}
diff --git a/dexoptanalyzer/dexoptanalyzer_test.cc b/dexoptanalyzer/dexoptanalyzer_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57d3f1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dexoptanalyzer/dexoptanalyzer_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "arch/instruction_set.h"
+#include "compiler_filter.h"
+#include "dexopt_test.h"
+
+namespace art {
+
+class DexoptAnalyzerTest : public DexoptTest {
+ protected:
+  std::string GetDexoptAnalyzerCmd() {
+    std::string file_path = GetTestAndroidRoot();
+    file_path += "/bin/dexoptanalyzer";
+    if (kIsDebugBuild) {
+      file_path += "d";
+    }
+    EXPECT_TRUE(OS::FileExists(file_path.c_str())) << file_path << " should be a valid file path";
+    return file_path;
+  }
+
+  int Analyze(const std::string& dex_file,
+              CompilerFilter::Filter compiler_filter,
+              bool assume_profile_changed) {
+    std::string dexoptanalyzer_cmd = GetDexoptAnalyzerCmd();
+    std::vector<std::string> argv_str;
+    argv_str.push_back(dexoptanalyzer_cmd);
+    argv_str.push_back("--dex-file=" + dex_file);
+    argv_str.push_back("--isa=" + std::string(GetInstructionSetString(kRuntimeISA)));
+    argv_str.push_back("--compiler-filter=" + CompilerFilter::NameOfFilter(compiler_filter));
+    if (assume_profile_changed) {
+      argv_str.push_back("--assume-profile-changed");
+    }
+    argv_str.push_back("--image=" + GetImageLocation());
+    argv_str.push_back("--android-data=" + android_data_);
+
+    std::string error;
+    return ExecAndReturnCode(argv_str, &error);
+  }
+
+  int DexoptanalyzerToOatFileAssistant(int dexoptanalyzerResult) {
+    switch (dexoptanalyzerResult) {
+      case 0: return OatFileAssistant::kNoDexOptNeeded;
+      case 1: return OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatFromScratch;
+      case 2: return OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatForBootImage;
+      case 3: return OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatForFilter;
+      case 4: return OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatForRelocation;
+      case 5: return -OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatForBootImage;
+      case 6: return -OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatForFilter;
+      case 7: return -OatFileAssistant::kDex2OatForRelocation;
+      default: return dexoptanalyzerResult;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Verify that the output of dexoptanalyzer for the given arguments is the same
+  // as the output of OatFileAssistant::GetDexOptNeeded.
+  void Verify(const std::string& dex_file,
+              CompilerFilter::Filter compiler_filter,
+              bool assume_profile_changed = false) {
+    int dexoptanalyzerResult = Analyze(dex_file, compiler_filter, assume_profile_changed);
+    dexoptanalyzerResult = DexoptanalyzerToOatFileAssistant(dexoptanalyzerResult);
+    OatFileAssistant oat_file_assistant(dex_file.c_str(), kRuntimeISA, /*load_executable*/ false);
+    int assistantResult = oat_file_assistant.GetDexOptNeeded(
+        compiler_filter, assume_profile_changed);
+    EXPECT_EQ(assistantResult, dexoptanalyzerResult);
+  }
+};
+
+// The tests below exercise the same test case from oat_file_assistant_test.cc.
+
+// Case: We have a DEX file, but no OAT file for it.
+TEST_F(DexoptAnalyzerTest, DexNoOat) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/DexNoOat.jar";
+  Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeedProfile);
+}
+
+// Case: We have a DEX file and up-to-date OAT file for it.
+TEST_F(DexoptAnalyzerTest, OatUpToDate) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/OatUpToDate.jar";
+  Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+  GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(), CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kEverything);
+}
+
+// Case: We have a DEX file and speed-profile OAT file for it.
+TEST_F(DexoptAnalyzerTest, ProfileOatUpToDate) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/ProfileOatUpToDate.jar";
+  Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+  GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(), CompilerFilter::kSpeedProfile);
+
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeedProfile, false);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly, false);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeedProfile, true);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly, true);
+}
+
+// Case: We have a MultiDEX file and up-to-date OAT file for it.
+TEST_F(DexoptAnalyzerTest, MultiDexOatUpToDate) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/MultiDexOatUpToDate.jar";
+  Copy(GetMultiDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+  GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(), CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed, false);
+}
+
+// Case: We have a MultiDEX file where the secondary dex file is out of date.
+TEST_F(DexoptAnalyzerTest, MultiDexSecondaryOutOfDate) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/MultiDexSecondaryOutOfDate.jar";
+
+  // Compile code for GetMultiDexSrc1.
+  Copy(GetMultiDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+  GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(), CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+
+  // Now overwrite the dex file with GetMultiDexSrc2 so the secondary checksum
+  // is out of date.
+  Copy(GetMultiDexSrc2(), dex_location);
+
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed, false);
+}
+
+
+// Case: We have a DEX file and an OAT file out of date with respect to the
+// dex checksum.
+TEST_F(DexoptAnalyzerTest, OatDexOutOfDate) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/OatDexOutOfDate.jar";
+
+  // We create a dex, generate an oat for it, then overwrite the dex with a
+  // different dex to make the oat out of date.
+  Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+  GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(), CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+  Copy(GetDexSrc2(), dex_location);
+
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+}
+
+// Case: We have a DEX file and an OAT file out of date with respect to the
+// boot image.
+TEST_F(DexoptAnalyzerTest, OatImageOutOfDate) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/OatImageOutOfDate.jar";
+
+  Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+  GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(),
+                     CompilerFilter::kSpeed,
+                     /*relocate*/true,
+                     /*pic*/false,
+                     /*with_alternate_image*/true);
+
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+}
+
+// Case: We have a DEX file and a verify-at-runtime OAT file out of date with
+// respect to the boot image.
+// It shouldn't matter that the OAT file is out of date, because it is
+// verify-at-runtime.
+TEST_F(DexoptAnalyzerTest, OatVerifyAtRuntimeImageOutOfDate) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/OatVerifyAtRuntimeImageOutOfDate.jar";
+
+  Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+  GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(),
+                     CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime,
+                     /*relocate*/true,
+                     /*pic*/false,
+                     /*with_alternate_image*/true);
+
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly);
+}
+
+// Case: We have a DEX file and an ODEX file, but no OAT file.
+TEST_F(DexoptAnalyzerTest, DexOdexNoOat) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/DexOdexNoOat.jar";
+  std::string odex_location = GetOdexDir() + "/DexOdexNoOat.odex";
+
+  Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+  GenerateOdexForTest(dex_location, odex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+}
+
+// Case: We have a stripped DEX file and a PIC ODEX file, but no OAT file.
+TEST_F(DexoptAnalyzerTest, StrippedDexOdexNoOat) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/StrippedDexOdexNoOat.jar";
+  std::string odex_location = GetOdexDir() + "/StrippedDexOdexNoOat.odex";
+
+  Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+  GeneratePicOdexForTest(dex_location, odex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+
+  // Strip the dex file
+  Copy(GetStrippedDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+}
+
+// Case: We have a stripped DEX file, a PIC ODEX file, and an out-of-date OAT file.
+TEST_F(DexoptAnalyzerTest, StrippedDexOdexOat) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/StrippedDexOdexOat.jar";
+  std::string odex_location = GetOdexDir() + "/StrippedDexOdexOat.odex";
+
+  // Create the oat file from a different dex file so it looks out of date.
+  Copy(GetDexSrc2(), dex_location);
+  GenerateOatForTest(dex_location.c_str(), CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+
+  // Create the odex file
+  Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+  GeneratePicOdexForTest(dex_location, odex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+
+  // Strip the dex file.
+  Copy(GetStrippedDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kEverything);
+}
+
+// Case: We have a stripped (or resource-only) DEX file, no ODEX file and no
+// OAT file. Expect: The status is kNoDexOptNeeded.
+TEST_F(DexoptAnalyzerTest, ResourceOnlyDex) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/ResourceOnlyDex.jar";
+
+  Copy(GetStrippedDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kInterpretOnly);
+}
+
+// Case: We have a DEX file, an ODEX file and an OAT file, where the ODEX and
+// OAT files both have patch delta of 0.
+TEST_F(DexoptAnalyzerTest, OdexOatOverlap) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/OdexOatOverlap.jar";
+  std::string odex_location = GetOdexDir() + "/OdexOatOverlap.odex";
+  std::string oat_location = GetOdexDir() + "/OdexOatOverlap.oat";
+
+  Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+  GenerateOdexForTest(dex_location, odex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+
+  // Create the oat file by copying the odex so they are located in the same
+  // place in memory.
+  Copy(odex_location, oat_location);
+
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+}
+
+// Case: We have a DEX file and a PIC ODEX file, but no OAT file.
+TEST_F(DexoptAnalyzerTest, DexPicOdexNoOat) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/DexPicOdexNoOat.jar";
+  std::string odex_location = GetOdexDir() + "/DexPicOdexNoOat.odex";
+
+  Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+  GeneratePicOdexForTest(dex_location, odex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kEverything);
+}
+
+// Case: We have a DEX file and a VerifyAtRuntime ODEX file, but no OAT file..
+TEST_F(DexoptAnalyzerTest, DexVerifyAtRuntimeOdexNoOat) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/DexVerifyAtRuntimeOdexNoOat.jar";
+  std::string odex_location = GetOdexDir() + "/DexVerifyAtRuntimeOdexNoOat.odex";
+
+  Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+  GenerateOdexForTest(dex_location, odex_location, CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime);
+
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kVerifyAtRuntime);
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+}
+
+// Case: Non-standard extension for dex file.
+TEST_F(DexoptAnalyzerTest, LongDexExtension) {
+  std::string dex_location = GetScratchDir() + "/LongDexExtension.jarx";
+  Copy(GetDexSrc1(), dex_location);
+
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+}
+
+// Case: Very short, non-existent Dex location.
+TEST_F(DexoptAnalyzerTest, ShortDexLocation) {
+  std::string dex_location = "/xx";
+
+  Verify(dex_location, CompilerFilter::kSpeed);
+}
+
+}  // namespace art
diff --git a/runtime/Android.bp b/runtime/Android.bp
index 81f174e..7f98513 100644
--- a/runtime/Android.bp
+++ b/runtime/Android.bp
@@ -474,10 +474,14 @@
 art_cc_library {
     name: "libart-runtime-gtest",
     defaults: ["libart-gtest-defaults"],
-    srcs: ["common_runtime_test.cc"],
+    srcs: [
+        "common_runtime_test.cc",
+        "dexopt_test.cc"
+    ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libartd",
         "libbase",
+        "libbacktrace"
     ],
 }
 
diff --git a/runtime/dexopt_test.cc b/runtime/dexopt_test.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69c6151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/dexopt_test.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <backtrace/BacktraceMap.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "common_runtime_test.h"
+#include "compiler_callbacks.h"
+#include "dex2oat_environment_test.h"
+#include "dexopt_test.h"
+#include "gc/space/image_space.h"
+#include "mem_map.h"
+
+namespace art {
+void DexoptTest::SetUp() {
+  ReserveImageSpace();
+  Dex2oatEnvironmentTest::SetUp();
+}
+
+void DexoptTest::PreRuntimeCreate() {
+  std::string error_msg;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(PreRelocateImage(GetImageLocation(), &error_msg)) << error_msg;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(PreRelocateImage(GetImageLocation2(), &error_msg)) << error_msg;
+  UnreserveImageSpace();
+}
+
+void DexoptTest::PostRuntimeCreate() {
+  ReserveImageSpace();
+}
+
+void DexoptTest::GenerateOatForTest(const std::string& dex_location,
+                        const std::string& oat_location,
+                        CompilerFilter::Filter filter,
+                        bool relocate,
+                        bool pic,
+                        bool with_alternate_image) {
+  std::string dalvik_cache = GetDalvikCache(GetInstructionSetString(kRuntimeISA));
+  std::string dalvik_cache_tmp = dalvik_cache + ".redirected";
+
+  if (!relocate) {
+    // Temporarily redirect the dalvik cache so dex2oat doesn't find the
+    // relocated image file.
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, rename(dalvik_cache.c_str(), dalvik_cache_tmp.c_str())) << strerror(errno);
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::string> args;
+  args.push_back("--dex-file=" + dex_location);
+  args.push_back("--oat-file=" + oat_location);
+  args.push_back("--compiler-filter=" + CompilerFilter::NameOfFilter(filter));
+  args.push_back("--runtime-arg");
+
+  // Use -Xnorelocate regardless of the relocate argument.
+  // We control relocation by redirecting the dalvik cache when needed
+  // rather than use this flag.
+  args.push_back("-Xnorelocate");
+
+  if (pic) {
+    args.push_back("--compile-pic");
+  }
+
+  std::string image_location = GetImageLocation();
+  if (with_alternate_image) {
+    args.push_back("--boot-image=" + GetImageLocation2());
+  }
+
+  std::string error_msg;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(OatFileAssistant::Dex2Oat(args, &error_msg)) << error_msg;
+
+  if (!relocate) {
+    // Restore the dalvik cache if needed.
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, rename(dalvik_cache_tmp.c_str(), dalvik_cache.c_str())) << strerror(errno);
+  }
+
+  // Verify the odex file was generated as expected.
+  std::unique_ptr<OatFile> odex_file(OatFile::Open(oat_location.c_str(),
+                                                   oat_location.c_str(),
+                                                   nullptr,
+                                                   nullptr,
+                                                   false,
+                                                   /*low_4gb*/false,
+                                                   dex_location.c_str(),
+                                                   &error_msg));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(odex_file.get() != nullptr) << error_msg;
+  EXPECT_EQ(pic, odex_file->IsPic());
+  EXPECT_EQ(filter, odex_file->GetCompilerFilter());
+
+  std::unique_ptr<ImageHeader> image_header(
+          gc::space::ImageSpace::ReadImageHeader(image_location.c_str(),
+                                                 kRuntimeISA,
+                                                 &error_msg));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(image_header != nullptr) << error_msg;
+  const OatHeader& oat_header = odex_file->GetOatHeader();
+  uint32_t combined_checksum = OatFileAssistant::CalculateCombinedImageChecksum();
+
+  if (CompilerFilter::DependsOnImageChecksum(filter)) {
+    if (with_alternate_image) {
+      EXPECT_NE(combined_checksum, oat_header.GetImageFileLocationOatChecksum());
+    } else {
+      EXPECT_EQ(combined_checksum, oat_header.GetImageFileLocationOatChecksum());
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!with_alternate_image) {
+    if (CompilerFilter::IsBytecodeCompilationEnabled(filter)) {
+      if (relocate) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(image_header->GetOatDataBegin()),
+            oat_header.GetImageFileLocationOatDataBegin());
+        EXPECT_EQ(image_header->GetPatchDelta(), oat_header.GetImagePatchDelta());
+      } else {
+        EXPECT_NE(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(image_header->GetOatDataBegin()),
+            oat_header.GetImageFileLocationOatDataBegin());
+        EXPECT_NE(image_header->GetPatchDelta(), oat_header.GetImagePatchDelta());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void DexoptTest::GenerateOdexForTest(const std::string& dex_location,
+                         const std::string& odex_location,
+                         CompilerFilter::Filter filter) {
+  GenerateOatForTest(dex_location,
+                     odex_location,
+                     filter,
+                     /*relocate*/false,
+                     /*pic*/false,
+                     /*with_alternate_image*/false);
+}
+
+void DexoptTest::GeneratePicOdexForTest(const std::string& dex_location,
+                            const std::string& odex_location,
+                            CompilerFilter::Filter filter) {
+  GenerateOatForTest(dex_location,
+                     odex_location,
+                     filter,
+                     /*relocate*/false,
+                     /*pic*/true,
+                     /*with_alternate_image*/false);
+}
+
+void DexoptTest::GenerateOatForTest(const char* dex_location,
+                        CompilerFilter::Filter filter,
+                        bool relocate,
+                        bool pic,
+                        bool with_alternate_image) {
+  std::string oat_location;
+  std::string error_msg;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(OatFileAssistant::DexLocationToOatFilename(
+        dex_location, kRuntimeISA, &oat_location, &error_msg)) << error_msg;
+  GenerateOatForTest(dex_location,
+                     oat_location,
+                     filter,
+                     relocate,
+                     pic,
+                     with_alternate_image);
+}
+
+void DexoptTest::GenerateOatForTest(const char* dex_location, CompilerFilter::Filter filter) {
+  GenerateOatForTest(dex_location,
+                     filter,
+                     /*relocate*/true,
+                     /*pic*/false,
+                     /*with_alternate_image*/false);
+}
+
+bool DexoptTest::PreRelocateImage(const std::string& image_location, std::string* error_msg) {
+  std::string image;
+  if (!GetCachedImageFile(image_location, &image, error_msg)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  std::string patchoat = GetAndroidRoot();
+  patchoat += kIsDebugBuild ? "/bin/patchoatd" : "/bin/patchoat";
+
+  std::vector<std::string> argv;
+  argv.push_back(patchoat);
+  argv.push_back("--input-image-location=" + image_location);
+  argv.push_back("--output-image-file=" + image);
+  argv.push_back("--instruction-set=" + std::string(GetInstructionSetString(kRuntimeISA)));
+  argv.push_back("--base-offset-delta=0x00008000");
+  return Exec(argv, error_msg);
+}
+
+void DexoptTest::ReserveImageSpace() {
+  MemMap::Init();
+
+  // Ensure a chunk of memory is reserved for the image space.
+  // The reservation_end includes room for the main space that has to come
+  // right after the image in case of the GSS collector.
+  uintptr_t reservation_start = ART_BASE_ADDRESS;
+  uintptr_t reservation_end = ART_BASE_ADDRESS + 384 * MB;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<BacktraceMap> map(BacktraceMap::Create(getpid(), true));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(map.get() != nullptr) << "Failed to build process map";
+  for (BacktraceMap::const_iterator it = map->begin();
+      reservation_start < reservation_end && it != map->end(); ++it) {
+    ReserveImageSpaceChunk(reservation_start, std::min(it->start, reservation_end));
+    reservation_start = std::max(reservation_start, it->end);
+  }
+  ReserveImageSpaceChunk(reservation_start, reservation_end);
+}
+
+void DexoptTest::ReserveImageSpaceChunk(uintptr_t start, uintptr_t end) {
+  if (start < end) {
+    std::string error_msg;
+    image_reservation_.push_back(std::unique_ptr<MemMap>(
+        MemMap::MapAnonymous("image reservation",
+            reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(start), end - start,
+            PROT_NONE, false, false, &error_msg)));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(image_reservation_.back().get() != nullptr) << error_msg;
+    LOG(INFO) << "Reserved space for image " <<
+      reinterpret_cast<void*>(image_reservation_.back()->Begin()) << "-" <<
+      reinterpret_cast<void*>(image_reservation_.back()->End());
+  }
+}
+
+void DexoptTest::UnreserveImageSpace() {
+  image_reservation_.clear();
+}
+
+}  // namespace art
diff --git a/runtime/dexopt_test.h b/runtime/dexopt_test.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f0eafd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/runtime/dexopt_test.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ART_RUNTIME_DEXOPT_TEST_H_
+#define ART_RUNTIME_DEXOPT_TEST_H_
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "dex2oat_environment_test.h"
+
+namespace art {
+
+class DexoptTest : public Dex2oatEnvironmentTest {
+ public:
+  virtual void SetUp() OVERRIDE;
+
+  virtual void PreRuntimeCreate();
+
+  virtual void PostRuntimeCreate() OVERRIDE;
+
+  // Generate an oat file for the purposes of test.
+  // The oat file will be generated for dex_location in the given oat_location
+  // with the following configuration:
+  //   filter - controls the compilation filter
+  //   pic - whether or not the code will be PIC
+  //   relocate - if true, the oat file will be relocated with respect to the
+  //      boot image. Otherwise the oat file will not be relocated.
+  //   with_alternate_image - if true, the oat file will be generated with an
+  //      image checksum different than the current image checksum.
+  void GenerateOatForTest(const std::string& dex_location,
+                          const std::string& oat_location,
+                          CompilerFilter::Filter filter,
+                          bool relocate,
+                          bool pic,
+                          bool with_alternate_image);
+
+  // Generate a non-PIC odex file for the purposes of test.
+  // The generated odex file will be un-relocated.
+  void GenerateOdexForTest(const std::string& dex_location,
+                           const std::string& odex_location,
+                           CompilerFilter::Filter filter);
+
+  void GeneratePicOdexForTest(const std::string& dex_location,
+                              const std::string& odex_location,
+                              CompilerFilter::Filter filter);
+
+  // Generate an oat file for the given dex location in its oat location (under
+  // the dalvik cache).
+  void GenerateOatForTest(const char* dex_location,
+                          CompilerFilter::Filter filter,
+                          bool relocate,
+                          bool pic,
+                          bool with_alternate_image);
+
+  // Generate a standard oat file in the oat location.
+  void GenerateOatForTest(const char* dex_location, CompilerFilter::Filter filter);
+
+ private:
+  // Pre-Relocate the image to a known non-zero offset so we don't have to
+  // deal with the runtime randomly relocating the image by 0 and messing up
+  // the expected results of the tests.
+  bool PreRelocateImage(const std::string& image_location, std::string* error_msg);
+
+  // Reserve memory around where the image will be loaded so other memory
+  // won't conflict when it comes time to load the image.
+  // This can be called with an already loaded image to reserve the space
+  // around it.
+  void ReserveImageSpace();
+
+  // Reserve a chunk of memory for the image space in the given range.
+  // Only has effect for chunks with a positive number of bytes.
+  void ReserveImageSpaceChunk(uintptr_t start, uintptr_t end);
+
+  // Unreserve any memory reserved by ReserveImageSpace. This should be called
+  // before the image is loaded.
+  void UnreserveImageSpace();
+
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MemMap>> image_reservation_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace art
+
+#endif  // ART_RUNTIME_DEXOPT_TEST_H_
diff --git a/runtime/oat_file_assistant_test.cc b/runtime/oat_file_assistant_test.cc
index 84eacde..5772008 100644
--- a/runtime/oat_file_assistant_test.cc
+++ b/runtime/oat_file_assistant_test.cc
@@ -14,23 +14,16 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <fstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include <sys/param.h>
 
 #include "android-base/strings.h"
-#include <backtrace/BacktraceMap.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include "art_field-inl.h"
 #include "class_linker-inl.h"
-#include "common_runtime_test.h"
-#include "compiler_callbacks.h"
-#include "dex2oat_environment_test.h"
-#include "gc/space/image_space.h"
-#include "mem_map.h"
+#include "dexopt_test.h"
 #include "oat_file_assistant.h"
 #include "oat_file_manager.h"
 #include "os.h"
@@ -40,242 +33,17 @@
 
 namespace art {
 
-class OatFileAssistantTest : public Dex2oatEnvironmentTest {
- public:
-  virtual void SetUp() OVERRIDE {
-    ReserveImageSpace();
-    Dex2oatEnvironmentTest::SetUp();
-  }
+class OatFileAssistantTest : public DexoptTest {};
 
-  // Pre-Relocate the image to a known non-zero offset so we don't have to
-  // deal with the runtime randomly relocating the image by 0 and messing up
-  // the expected results of the tests.
-  bool PreRelocateImage(const std::string& image_location, std::string* error_msg) {
-    std::string image;
-    if (!GetCachedImageFile(image_location, &image, error_msg)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    std::string patchoat = GetAndroidRoot();
-    patchoat += kIsDebugBuild ? "/bin/patchoatd" : "/bin/patchoat";
-
-    std::vector<std::string> argv;
-    argv.push_back(patchoat);
-    argv.push_back("--input-image-location=" + image_location);
-    argv.push_back("--output-image-file=" + image);
-    argv.push_back("--instruction-set=" + std::string(GetInstructionSetString(kRuntimeISA)));
-    argv.push_back("--base-offset-delta=0x00008000");
-    return Exec(argv, error_msg);
-  }
-
-  virtual void PreRuntimeCreate() {
-    std::string error_msg;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(PreRelocateImage(GetImageLocation(), &error_msg)) << error_msg;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(PreRelocateImage(GetImageLocation2(), &error_msg)) << error_msg;
-    UnreserveImageSpace();
-  }
-
-  virtual void PostRuntimeCreate() OVERRIDE {
-    ReserveImageSpace();
-  }
-
-  // Generate an oat file for the purposes of test.
-  void GenerateOatForTest(const std::string& dex_location,
-                          const std::string& oat_location,
-                          CompilerFilter::Filter filter,
-                          bool relocate,
-                          bool pic,
-                          bool with_alternate_image) {
-    std::string dalvik_cache = GetDalvikCache(GetInstructionSetString(kRuntimeISA));
-    std::string dalvik_cache_tmp = dalvik_cache + ".redirected";
-
-    if (!relocate) {
-      // Temporarily redirect the dalvik cache so dex2oat doesn't find the
-      // relocated image file.
-      ASSERT_EQ(0, rename(dalvik_cache.c_str(), dalvik_cache_tmp.c_str())) << strerror(errno);
-    }
-
-    std::vector<std::string> args;
-    args.push_back("--dex-file=" + dex_location);
-    args.push_back("--oat-file=" + oat_location);
-    args.push_back("--compiler-filter=" + CompilerFilter::NameOfFilter(filter));
-    args.push_back("--runtime-arg");
-
-    // Use -Xnorelocate regardless of the relocate argument.
-    // We control relocation by redirecting the dalvik cache when needed
-    // rather than use this flag.
-    args.push_back("-Xnorelocate");
-
-    if (pic) {
-      args.push_back("--compile-pic");
-    }
-
-    std::string image_location = GetImageLocation();
-    if (with_alternate_image) {
-      args.push_back("--boot-image=" + GetImageLocation2());
-    }
-
-    std::string error_msg;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(OatFileAssistant::Dex2Oat(args, &error_msg)) << error_msg;
-
-    if (!relocate) {
-      // Restore the dalvik cache if needed.
-      ASSERT_EQ(0, rename(dalvik_cache_tmp.c_str(), dalvik_cache.c_str())) << strerror(errno);
-    }
-
-    // Verify the odex file was generated as expected.
-    std::unique_ptr<OatFile> odex_file(OatFile::Open(oat_location.c_str(),
-                                                     oat_location.c_str(),
-                                                     nullptr,
-                                                     nullptr,
-                                                     false,
-                                                     /*low_4gb*/false,
-                                                     dex_location.c_str(),
-                                                     &error_msg));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(odex_file.get() != nullptr) << error_msg;
-    EXPECT_EQ(pic, odex_file->IsPic());
-    EXPECT_EQ(filter, odex_file->GetCompilerFilter());
-
-    std::unique_ptr<ImageHeader> image_header(
-            gc::space::ImageSpace::ReadImageHeader(image_location.c_str(),
-                                                   kRuntimeISA,
-                                                   &error_msg));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(image_header != nullptr) << error_msg;
-    const OatHeader& oat_header = odex_file->GetOatHeader();
-    uint32_t combined_checksum = OatFileAssistant::CalculateCombinedImageChecksum();
-
-    if (CompilerFilter::DependsOnImageChecksum(filter)) {
-      if (with_alternate_image) {
-        EXPECT_NE(combined_checksum, oat_header.GetImageFileLocationOatChecksum());
-      } else {
-        EXPECT_EQ(combined_checksum, oat_header.GetImageFileLocationOatChecksum());
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (!with_alternate_image) {
-      if (CompilerFilter::IsBytecodeCompilationEnabled(filter)) {
-        if (relocate) {
-          EXPECT_EQ(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(image_header->GetOatDataBegin()),
-              oat_header.GetImageFileLocationOatDataBegin());
-          EXPECT_EQ(image_header->GetPatchDelta(), oat_header.GetImagePatchDelta());
-        } else {
-          EXPECT_NE(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(image_header->GetOatDataBegin()),
-              oat_header.GetImageFileLocationOatDataBegin());
-          EXPECT_NE(image_header->GetPatchDelta(), oat_header.GetImagePatchDelta());
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Generate a non-PIC odex file for the purposes of test.
-  // The generated odex file will be un-relocated.
-  void GenerateOdexForTest(const std::string& dex_location,
-                           const std::string& odex_location,
-                           CompilerFilter::Filter filter) {
-    GenerateOatForTest(dex_location,
-                       odex_location,
-                       filter,
-                       /*relocate*/false,
-                       /*pic*/false,
-                       /*with_alternate_image*/false);
-  }
-
-  void GeneratePicOdexForTest(const std::string& dex_location,
-                              const std::string& odex_location,
-                              CompilerFilter::Filter filter) {
-    GenerateOatForTest(dex_location,
-                       odex_location,
-                       filter,
-                       /*relocate*/false,
-                       /*pic*/true,
-                       /*with_alternate_image*/false);
-  }
-
-  // Generate an oat file in the oat location.
-  void GenerateOatForTest(const char* dex_location,
-                          CompilerFilter::Filter filter,
-                          bool relocate,
-                          bool pic,
-                          bool with_alternate_image) {
-    std::string oat_location;
-    std::string error_msg;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(OatFileAssistant::DexLocationToOatFilename(
-          dex_location, kRuntimeISA, &oat_location, &error_msg)) << error_msg;
-    GenerateOatForTest(dex_location,
-                       oat_location,
-                       filter,
-                       relocate,
-                       pic,
-                       with_alternate_image);
-  }
-
-  // Generate a standard oat file in the oat location.
-  void GenerateOatForTest(const char* dex_location, CompilerFilter::Filter filter) {
-    GenerateOatForTest(dex_location,
-                       filter,
-                       /*relocate*/true,
-                       /*pic*/false,
-                       /*with_alternate_image*/false);
-  }
-
- private:
-  // Reserve memory around where the image will be loaded so other memory
-  // won't conflict when it comes time to load the image.
-  // This can be called with an already loaded image to reserve the space
-  // around it.
-  void ReserveImageSpace() {
-    MemMap::Init();
-
-    // Ensure a chunk of memory is reserved for the image space.
-    // The reservation_end includes room for the main space that has to come
-    // right after the image in case of the GSS collector.
-    uintptr_t reservation_start = ART_BASE_ADDRESS;
-    uintptr_t reservation_end = ART_BASE_ADDRESS + 384 * MB;
-
-    std::unique_ptr<BacktraceMap> map(BacktraceMap::Create(getpid(), true));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(map.get() != nullptr) << "Failed to build process map";
-    for (BacktraceMap::const_iterator it = map->begin();
-        reservation_start < reservation_end && it != map->end(); ++it) {
-      ReserveImageSpaceChunk(reservation_start, std::min(it->start, reservation_end));
-      reservation_start = std::max(reservation_start, it->end);
-    }
-    ReserveImageSpaceChunk(reservation_start, reservation_end);
-  }
-
-  // Reserve a chunk of memory for the image space in the given range.
-  // Only has effect for chunks with a positive number of bytes.
-  void ReserveImageSpaceChunk(uintptr_t start, uintptr_t end) {
-    if (start < end) {
-      std::string error_msg;
-      image_reservation_.push_back(std::unique_ptr<MemMap>(
-          MemMap::MapAnonymous("image reservation",
-              reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(start), end - start,
-              PROT_NONE, false, false, &error_msg)));
-      ASSERT_TRUE(image_reservation_.back().get() != nullptr) << error_msg;
-      LOG(INFO) << "Reserved space for image " <<
-        reinterpret_cast<void*>(image_reservation_.back()->Begin()) << "-" <<
-        reinterpret_cast<void*>(image_reservation_.back()->End());
-    }
-  }
-
-
-  // Unreserve any memory reserved by ReserveImageSpace. This should be called
-  // before the image is loaded.
-  void UnreserveImageSpace() {
-    image_reservation_.clear();
-  }
-
-  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<MemMap>> image_reservation_;
-};
-
-class OatFileAssistantNoDex2OatTest : public OatFileAssistantTest {
+class OatFileAssistantNoDex2OatTest : public DexoptTest {
  public:
   virtual void SetUpRuntimeOptions(RuntimeOptions* options) {
-    OatFileAssistantTest::SetUpRuntimeOptions(options);
+    DexoptTest::SetUpRuntimeOptions(options);
     options->push_back(std::make_pair("-Xnodex2oat", nullptr));
   }
 };
 
+
 // Case: We have a DEX file, but no OAT file for it.
 // Expect: The status is kDex2OatNeeded.
 TEST_F(OatFileAssistantTest, DexNoOat) {
diff --git a/runtime/utils.cc b/runtime/utils.cc
index 8867743..410416e 100644
--- a/runtime/utils.cc
+++ b/runtime/utils.cc
@@ -788,49 +788,58 @@
   *task_cpu = strtoull(fields[36].c_str(), nullptr, 10);
 }
 
-const char* GetAndroidRoot() {
-  const char* android_root = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
-  if (android_root == nullptr) {
-    if (OS::DirectoryExists("/system")) {
-      android_root = "/system";
+static const char* GetAndroidDirSafe(const char* env_var,
+                                     const char* default_dir,
+                                     std::string* error_msg) {
+  const char* android_dir = getenv(env_var);
+  if (android_dir == nullptr) {
+    if (OS::DirectoryExists(default_dir)) {
+      android_dir = default_dir;
     } else {
-      LOG(FATAL) << "ANDROID_ROOT not set and /system does not exist";
-      return "";
+      *error_msg = StringPrintf("%s not set and %s does not exist", env_var, default_dir);
+      return nullptr;
     }
   }
-  if (!OS::DirectoryExists(android_root)) {
-    LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to find ANDROID_ROOT directory " << android_root;
-    return "";
+  if (!OS::DirectoryExists(android_dir)) {
+    *error_msg = StringPrintf("Failed to find %s directory %s", env_var, android_dir);
+    return nullptr;
   }
-  return android_root;
+  return android_dir;
 }
 
-const char* GetAndroidData() {
+const char* GetAndroidDir(const char* env_var, const char* default_dir) {
   std::string error_msg;
-  const char* dir = GetAndroidDataSafe(&error_msg);
+  const char* dir = GetAndroidDirSafe(env_var, default_dir, &error_msg);
   if (dir != nullptr) {
     return dir;
   } else {
     LOG(FATAL) << error_msg;
-    return "";
+    return nullptr;
   }
 }
 
+const char* GetAndroidRoot() {
+  return GetAndroidDir("ANDROID_ROOT", "/system");
+}
+
+const char* GetAndroidRootSafe(std::string* error_msg) {
+  return GetAndroidDirSafe("ANDROID_ROOT", "/system", error_msg);
+}
+
+const char* GetAndroidData() {
+  return GetAndroidDir("ANDROID_DATA", "/data");
+}
+
 const char* GetAndroidDataSafe(std::string* error_msg) {
-  const char* android_data = getenv("ANDROID_DATA");
-  if (android_data == nullptr) {
-    if (OS::DirectoryExists("/data")) {
-      android_data = "/data";
-    } else {
-      *error_msg = "ANDROID_DATA not set and /data does not exist";
-      return nullptr;
-    }
+  return GetAndroidDirSafe("ANDROID_DATA", "/data", error_msg);
+}
+
+std::string GetDefaultBootImageLocation(std::string* error_msg) {
+  const char* android_root = GetAndroidRootSafe(error_msg);
+  if (android_root == nullptr) {
+    return "";
   }
-  if (!OS::DirectoryExists(android_data)) {
-    *error_msg = StringPrintf("Failed to find ANDROID_DATA directory %s", android_data);
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-  return android_data;
+  return StringPrintf("%s/framework/boot.art", android_root);
 }
 
 void GetDalvikCache(const char* subdir, const bool create_if_absent, std::string* dalvik_cache,
diff --git a/runtime/utils.h b/runtime/utils.h
index 16ef706..9e663b3 100644
--- a/runtime/utils.h
+++ b/runtime/utils.h
@@ -143,12 +143,18 @@
 
 // Find $ANDROID_ROOT, /system, or abort.
 const char* GetAndroidRoot();
+// Find $ANDROID_ROOT, /system, or return null.
+const char* GetAndroidRootSafe(std::string* error_msg);
 
 // Find $ANDROID_DATA, /data, or abort.
 const char* GetAndroidData();
 // Find $ANDROID_DATA, /data, or return null.
 const char* GetAndroidDataSafe(std::string* error_msg);
 
+// Returns the default boot image location (ANDROID_ROOT/framework/boot.art).
+// Returns an empty string if ANDROID_ROOT is not set.
+std::string GetDefaultBootImageLocation(std::string* error_msg);
+
 // Returns the dalvik-cache location, with subdir appended. Returns the empty string if the cache
 // could not be found.
 std::string GetDalvikCache(const char* subdir);
diff --git a/test/Android.bp b/test/Android.bp
index be5bc59..7558c42 100644
--- a/test/Android.bp
+++ b/test/Android.bp
@@ -173,12 +173,13 @@
     whole_static_libs: [
         "libart-compiler-gtest",
         "libart-runtime-gtest",
-        "libgtest",
+        "libgtest"
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libartd",
         "libartd-compiler",
         "libbase",
+        "libbacktrace"
     ],
     target: {
         android: {