/*
 * Copyright (c) 1998, 2006, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */

package java.net;

import java.io.*;

/**
 * Utility class for HTML form decoding. This class contains static methods
 * for decoding a String from the <CODE>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</CODE>
 * MIME format.
 * <p>
 * The conversion process is the reverse of that used by the URLEncoder class. It is assumed
 * that all characters in the encoded string are one of the following:
 * &quot;<code>a</code>&quot; through &quot;<code>z</code>&quot;,
 * &quot;<code>A</code>&quot; through &quot;<code>Z</code>&quot;,
 * &quot;<code>0</code>&quot; through &quot;<code>9</code>&quot;, and
 * &quot;<code>-</code>&quot;, &quot;<code>_</code>&quot;,
 * &quot;<code>.</code>&quot;, and &quot;<code>*</code>&quot;. The
 * character &quot;<code>%</code>&quot; is allowed but is interpreted
 * as the start of a special escaped sequence.
 * <p>
 * The following rules are applied in the conversion:
 * <p>
 * <ul>
 * <li>The alphanumeric characters &quot;<code>a</code>&quot; through
 *     &quot;<code>z</code>&quot;, &quot;<code>A</code>&quot; through
 *     &quot;<code>Z</code>&quot; and &quot;<code>0</code>&quot;
 *     through &quot;<code>9</code>&quot; remain the same.
 * <li>The special characters &quot;<code>.</code>&quot;,
 *     &quot;<code>-</code>&quot;, &quot;<code>*</code>&quot;, and
 *     &quot;<code>_</code>&quot; remain the same.
 * <li>The plus sign &quot;<code>+</code>&quot; is converted into a
 *     space character &quot;<code>&nbsp;</code>&quot; .
 * <li>A sequence of the form "<code>%<i>xy</i></code>" will be
 *     treated as representing a byte where <i>xy</i> is the two-digit
 *     hexadecimal representation of the 8 bits. Then, all substrings
 *     that contain one or more of these byte sequences consecutively
 *     will be replaced by the character(s) whose encoding would result
 *     in those consecutive bytes.
 *     The encoding scheme used to decode these characters may be specified,
 *     or if unspecified, the default encoding of the platform will be used.
 * </ul>
 * <p>
 * There are two possible ways in which this decoder could deal with
 * illegal strings.  It could either leave illegal characters alone or
 * it could throw an <tt>{@link java.lang.IllegalArgumentException}</tt>.
 * Which approach the decoder takes is left to the
 * implementation.
 *
 * @author  Mark Chamness
 * @author  Michael McCloskey
 * @since   1.2
 */

public class URLDecoder {

    // The platform default encoding
    static String dfltEncName = URLEncoder.dfltEncName;

    /**
     * Decodes a <code>x-www-form-urlencoded</code> string.
     * The platform's default encoding is used to determine what characters
     * are represented by any consecutive sequences of the form
     * "<code>%<i>xy</i></code>".
     * @param s the <code>String</code> to decode
     * @deprecated The resulting string may vary depending on the platform's
     *          default encoding. Instead, use the decode(String,String) method
     *          to specify the encoding.
     * @return the newly decoded <code>String</code>
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static String decode(String s) {

        String str = null;

        try {
            str = decode(s, dfltEncName);
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            // The system should always have the platform default
        }

        return str;
    }

    /**
     * Decodes a <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> string using a specific
     * encoding scheme.
     * The supplied encoding is used to determine
     * what characters are represented by any consecutive sequences of the
     * form "<code>%<i>xy</i></code>".
     * <p>
     * <em><strong>Note:</strong> The <a href=
     * "http://www.w3.org/TR/html40/appendix/notes.html#non-ascii-chars">
     * World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation</a> states that
     * UTF-8 should be used. Not doing so may introduce
     * incompatibilites.</em>
     *
     * @param s the <code>String</code> to decode
     * @param enc   The name of a supported
     *    <a href="../lang/package-summary.html#charenc">character
     *    encoding</a>.
     * @return the newly decoded <code>String</code>
     * @exception  UnsupportedEncodingException
     *             If character encoding needs to be consulted, but
     *             named character encoding is not supported
     * @see URLEncoder#encode(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static String decode(String s, String enc)
        throws UnsupportedEncodingException{

        boolean needToChange = false;
        int numChars = s.length();
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(numChars > 500 ? numChars / 2 : numChars);
        int i = 0;

        if (enc.length() == 0) {
            throw new UnsupportedEncodingException ("URLDecoder: empty string enc parameter");
        }

        char c;
        byte[] bytes = null;
        while (i < numChars) {
            c = s.charAt(i);
            switch (c) {
            case '+':
                sb.append(' ');
                i++;
                needToChange = true;
                break;
            case '%':
                /*
                 * Starting with this instance of %, process all
                 * consecutive substrings of the form %xy. Each
                 * substring %xy will yield a byte. Convert all
                 * consecutive  bytes obtained this way to whatever
                 * character(s) they represent in the provided
                 * encoding.
                 */

                try {

                    // (numChars-i)/3 is an upper bound for the number
                    // of remaining bytes
                    if (bytes == null)
                        bytes = new byte[(numChars-i)/3];
                    int pos = 0;

                    while ( ((i+2) < numChars) &&
                            (c=='%')) {
                        int v = Integer.parseInt(s.substring(i+1,i+3),16);
                        if (v < 0)
                            throw new IllegalArgumentException("URLDecoder: Illegal hex characters in escape (%) pattern - negative value");
                        bytes[pos++] = (byte) v;
                        i+= 3;
                        if (i < numChars)
                            c = s.charAt(i);
                    }

                    // A trailing, incomplete byte encoding such as
                    // "%x" will cause an exception to be thrown

                    if ((i < numChars) && (c=='%'))
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                         "URLDecoder: Incomplete trailing escape (%) pattern");

                    sb.append(new String(bytes, 0, pos, enc));
                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "URLDecoder: Illegal hex characters in escape (%) pattern - "
                    + e.getMessage());
                }
                needToChange = true;
                break;
            default:
                sb.append(c);
                i++;
                break;
            }
        }

        return (needToChange? sb.toString() : s);
    }
}