% -*- LaTeX -*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%%  @LaTeX-style-file{
%%%     author          = "Glenn Paulley",
%%%     version         = "4",
%%%     date            = "31 August 1992",
%%%     time            = "09:42:44 199",
%%%     filename        = "chicago.sty",
%%%     address         = "Data Structuring Group
%%%                        Department of Computer Science
%%%                        University of Waterloo
%%%                        Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
%%%                        N2L 3G1",
%%%     telephone       = "(519) 885-1211",
%%%     FAX             = "(519) 885-1208",
%%%     checksum        = "44674 264 1050 10394",
%%%     email           = "gnpaulle@bluebox.uwaterloo.ca",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     abstract        = "Contains the LaTeX style command definitions
%%%                        for the Chicago BibTeX styles chicago.bst and
%%%                        chicagoa.bst. For details, see below.",
%%%     docstring       = "The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================
%
% chicago.sty: Style file for use with bibtex style chicago.bst, for
% bibliographies formatted according to the 13th Edition of the Chicago
% Manual of Style.
%
% 'newapa.bst' was made from 'plain.bst', 'named.bst', and 'apalike.bst',
% with lots of tweaking to make it look like APA style, along with tips
% from Young Ryu and Brian Reiser's modifications of 'apalike.bst'.
% newapa.sty formed the basis of this style, chicago.sty. Author-date
% references in newapa.bst formed the basis for chicago.bst. Chicagoa.bst
% supports annotations.
%
% Version 4 (August, 1992):
% - fixed chicago.bst and chicagoa.bst to handle long author lists in
%   sorting
% - fixed chicago.bst and chicagoa.bst so that missing page numbers in
%   ``article'' entries are handled correctly
% - modified chicago.sty to format entries with 2nd and subsequent lines
%   indented.
%
%   Citation format: (author-last-name year)
%             (author-last-name and author-last-name year)
%             (author-last-name et al. year)
%             (author-last-name)
%             author-last-name
%             author-last-name (year)
%             (author-last-name and author-last-name)
%             (author-last-name et al.)
%             (year) or (year,year)
%             year or year,year
%
%   Reference list ordering: alphabetical by author or whatever passes
%    for author in the absence of one.
%
% This BibTeX style has support for abbreviated author lists and for
%    year-only citations.  This is done by having the citations
%    actually look like
%
%    \citeauthoryear{full-author-info}{abbrev-author-info}{year}
%
% The LaTeX style has to have the following (or similar)
%
%     \let\@internalcite\cite
%     \def\fullcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1, ##3}\@internalcite}
%     \def\fullciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1}\@internalcite}
%     \def\shortcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2, ##3}\@internalcite}
%     \def\shortciteA{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2}\@internalcite}
%     \def\citeyear{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##3}\@internalcite}
%
% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
% This file implements citations for the ``chicago'' bibliography style.
%  Place it in a file called chicago.sty in the TeX search path.
%(Placing it in the same directory as the LaTeX document should also work.)
%
%    This file is a modification of the ``newapa'' LaTeX style,
%    originally adapted by Steven Spencer from the ``apalike'' LaTeX style.
%    It was originally modified by Stephen N. Spencer, with further
%    modifications by Young U. Ryu.
%
% The ``chicago'' BibTeX bibliography style creates citations with labels:
%       \citeauthoryear{author-info}{abbrev. author-info}{year}
%
% These labels are processed by the following LaTeX commands:
%
%  \cite{key}
%    which produces citations with full author list and year.
%    eg. (Brown 1978; Jarke, Turner, Stohl, et al. 1985)
%  \citeNP{key}
%    which produces citations with full author list and year, but without
%    enclosing parentheses:
%    eg. Brown 1978; Jarke, Turner and Stohl 1985
%  \citeA{key}
%    which produces citations with only the full author list.
%    eg. (Brown; Jarke, Turner and Stohl)
%  \citeANP{key}
%    which produces citations with only the full author list, without
%    parentheses eg. Brown; Jarke, Turner and Stohl
%  \citeN{key}
%    which produces citations with the full author list and year, but
%    can be used as nouns in a sentence; no parentheses appear around
%    the author names, but only around the year.
%      eg. Shneiderman (1978) states that......
%    \citeN should only be used for a single citation.
%  \shortcite{key}
%    which produces citations with abbreviated author list and year.
%  \shortciteNP{key}
%    which produces citations with abbreviated author list and year.
%  \shortciteA{key}
%    which produces only the abbreviated author list.
%  \shortciteANP{key}
%    which produces only the abbreviated author list.
%  \shortciteN{key}
%    which produces the abbreviated author list and year, with only the
%    year in parentheses. Use with only one citation.
%  \citeyear{key}
%    which produces the year information only, within parentheses.
%  \citeyearNP{key}
%    which produces the year information only.
%
% Abbreviated author lists use the ``et al.'' construct.
%
% `NP' means `no parentheses'.
%
% This LaTeX style file must be used with the ``chicago'' or ``chicagoa''
% (annotated chicago style) BibTeX styles.
%
\typeout{Using Chicago Manual of Style bibliography: 31 August 1992}
%
% -------------------------------------------------------------------------
%
% Citation macros.
%
\def\chicagoand/{ and }
\def\chicagoetal/{ et~al.}
%
\let\@internalcite\cite
%
\def\cite{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{(##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi)}%
    \def\citeauthortitleyear##1##2##3##4{##1\ ##4}\@internalcite}
\def\citeNP{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
    \def\citeauthortitleyear##1##2##3##4{##1\ ##4}\@internalcite}
\def\citetitleN{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2)\else{)}\fi}%
    \def\citeauthortitleyear##1##2##3##4{##3\ (##1; ##4}\@citedata}
\def\citeN{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2)\else{)}\fi}%
    \def\citeauthortitleyear##1##2##3##4{##1\ (##4}\@citedata}
\def\citeA{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{(##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi)}%
    \def\citeauthortitleyear##1##2##3##4{##1}\@internalcite}
\def\citeANP{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
    \def\citeauthortitleyear##1##2##3##4{##1}\@internalcite}
%
\def\shortcite{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{(##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi)}%
    \def\citeauthortitleyear##1##2##3##4{##2\ ##4}\@internalcite}
\def\shortciteNP{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
    \def\citeauthortitleyear##1##2##3##4{##2\ ##4}\@internalcite}
\def\shortciteN{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2)\else{)}\fi}%
    \def\citeauthortitleyear##1##2##3##4{##2\ (##4}\@citedata}
\def\shortciteA{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{(##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi)}%
    \def\citeauthortitleyear##1##2##3##4{##2}\@internalcite}
\def\shortciteANP{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
    \def\citeauthortitleyear##1##2##3##4{##2}\@internalcite}
%
\def\citeyear{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{(##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi)}%
    \def\citeauthortitleyear##1##2##3##4{##4}\@citedata}
\def\citeyearNP{\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
    \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
    \def\citeauthortitleyear##1##2##3##4{##4}\@citedata}

%
% \@citedata and \@citedatax:
%
% Place commas in-between citations in the same \citeyear, \citeyearNP,
% \citeN, or \shortciteN command.
% Use something like \citeN{ref1,ref2,ref3} and \citeN{ref4} for a list.
%
\def\@citedata{%
	\@ifnextchar [{\@tempswatrue\@citedatax}%
				  {\@tempswafalse\@citedatax[]}%
}

\def\@citedatax[#1]#2{%
\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi%
  \def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do%
    {\@citea\def\@citea{), }\@ifundefined% by Young
       {b@\@citeb}{{\bf ?}%
       \@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}}%

\@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}{%
  \let\BRorg@citedatax\@citedatax 
  \def\@citedatax[#1]#2{%
    \BRorg@citedatax[#1]{#2}%
    \Hy@backout{#2}%
  }%
}{}
\@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}{%
\def\hyperemph#1{{\em\hyperpage{#1}}}%
\def\bold#1{{\bf\hyperpage{#1}}}%
}{%
\def\hyperemph#1{{\em #1}}%
\def\bold#1{{\bf #1}}%
}

\def\BR@@lbibitem[#1]#2#3\par{%
  \BRorg@bibitem[#1]{#2}#3\hfill\penalty100\hbox{}
  \newblock
  \backref\hfill[{\csname br@#2\endcsname}%
  ]\parskip=-10pt\penalty-10000\hbox{}\nobreak\par
}%
\def\BR@@bibitem#1#2\par{%
  \BRorg@bibitem{#1}#2
  \newblock
  \backref\penalty-100\hbox{}\nobreak\hfill[\hbox{\csname br@#2\endcsname}%
  ]\par
}
\def\thepageorcolor{\thepage}
\def\Hy@backout#1{%
  \@bsphack
  \ifx\@empty\@currentlabel
    \protected@write\@auxout{}{%
      \string\@writefile{brf}{%
        \string\backcite{#1}{{\thepageorcolor}{(document)}{Doc-Start}}%
      }%
    }%
  \else
   \protected@write\@auxout{}{%
     \string\@writefile{brf}{%
       \string\backcite{#1}{{\thepageorcolor}{\@currentlabel}{\@currentHref}}%
     }%
   }%
  \fi
  \@esphack
}

% don't box citations, separate with ; and a space
% also, make the penalty between citations negative: a good place to break.
%
\def\@citex[#1]#2{%
\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi%
  \def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do%
    {\@citea\def\@citea{; }\@ifundefined% by Young
       {b@\@citeb}{{\bf ?}%
       \@warning{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}}%

% (from apalike.sty)
% No labels in the bibliography.
%
\def\@biblabel#1{}

% (from apalike.sty)
% Set length of hanging indentation for bibliography entries.
%
\newlength{\bibhang}
\setlength{\bibhang}{2em}

% Indent second and subsequent lines of bibliographic entries. Stolen
% from openbib.sty: \newblock is set to {}.

\newdimen\bibindent
\bibindent=1.5em
\@ifundefined{refname}%
   {\@ifundefined{chapter}%
     {\newcommand{\refname}{References}}%
     {\newcommand{\refname}{Bibliography}}%
   }%
   {}%
\@ifundefined{chapter}%
 {\def\thebibliography#1{\section*{\refname\@mkboth
   {\uppercase{\refname}}{\uppercase{\refname}}}
   \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{References}
   \list
   {[\arabic{enumi}]}{\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}
   \leftmargin\labelwidth
   \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
   \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
   \itemindent -\bibindent
   \listparindent \itemindent
   \parsep \z@
   \usecounter{enumi}}
   \def\newblock{}
   \sloppy
   \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}}
 {\def\thebibliography#1{\chapter*{\refname\@mkboth
   {\refname}{\refname}}
   \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{References}
   \list
   {[\arabic{enumi}]}{\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}
   \leftmargin\labelwidth
   \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
   \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
   \itemindent -\bibindent
   \listparindent \itemindent
   \parsep \z@
   \usecounter{enumi}}
   \def\newblock{}
   \sloppy
   \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}}