diff --git a/CleanSpec.mk b/CleanSpec.mk
index 6f6481f..f6ef906 100644
--- a/CleanSpec.mk
+++ b/CleanSpec.mk
@@ -82,3 +82,9 @@
 $(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/recovery/root/sbin/charger)
 $(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/root/sbin)
 $(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/recovery/root/sbin)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/product_services)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/product_services.img)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system/product_services)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/root/product_services)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/recovery/root/product_services)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/debug_ramdisk/product_services)
diff --git a/adb/Android.bp b/adb/Android.bp
index b6aff3e..f6aede8 100644
--- a/adb/Android.bp
+++ b/adb/Android.bp
@@ -124,7 +124,8 @@
     "adb_trace.cpp",
     "adb_unique_fd.cpp",
     "adb_utils.cpp",
-    "fdevent.cpp",
+    "fdevent/fdevent.cpp",
+    "fdevent/fdevent_poll.cpp",
     "services.cpp",
     "sockets.cpp",
     "socket_spec.cpp",
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@
     "adb_io_test.cpp",
     "adb_listeners_test.cpp",
     "adb_utils_test.cpp",
-    "fdevent_test.cpp",
+    "fdevent/fdevent_test.cpp",
     "socket_spec_test.cpp",
     "socket_test.cpp",
     "sysdeps_test.cpp",
diff --git a/adb/adb.h b/adb/adb.h
index 3a6f059..352b2fe 100644
--- a/adb/adb.h
+++ b/adb/adb.h
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
 
 #include "adb_trace.h"
-#include "fdevent.h"
+#include "fdevent/fdevent.h"
 #include "socket.h"
 #include "types.h"
 #include "usb.h"
diff --git a/adb/adb_listeners_test.cpp b/adb/adb_listeners_test.cpp
index b697769..a7e2dea 100644
--- a/adb/adb_listeners_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb_listeners_test.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 
-#include "fdevent.h"
+#include "fdevent/fdevent.h"
 #include "sysdeps.h"
 #include "transport.h"
 
diff --git a/adb/client/commandline.cpp b/adb/client/commandline.cpp
index 7211f72..11a3dfd 100644
--- a/adb/client/commandline.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/commandline.cpp
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
         " pull [-a] REMOTE... LOCAL\n"
         "     copy files/dirs from device\n"
         "     -a: preserve file timestamp and mode\n"
-        " sync [all|data|odm|oem|product_services|product|system|vendor]\n"
+        " sync [all|data|odm|oem|product|system|system_ext|vendor]\n"
         "     sync a local build from $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT to the device (default all)\n"
         "     -l: list but don't copy\n"
         "\n"
@@ -775,17 +775,16 @@
         error_exit("abb is not supported by the device");
     }
 
+    optind = 1;  // argv[0] is always "abb", so set `optind` appropriately.
+
     // Defaults.
     constexpr char escape_char = '~';  // -e
     constexpr bool use_shell_protocol = true;
     constexpr auto shell_type_arg = kShellServiceArgRaw;
     constexpr bool empty_command = false;
 
-    std::string service_string("abb:");
-    for (auto i = optind; i < argc; ++i) {
-        service_string.append(argv[i]);
-        service_string.push_back(ABB_ARG_DELIMETER);
-    }
+    std::vector<const char*> args(argv + optind, argv + argc);
+    std::string service_string = "abb:" + android::base::Join(args, ABB_ARG_DELIMETER);
 
     D("abb -e 0x%x [%*.s]\n", escape_char, static_cast<int>(service_string.size()),
       service_string.data());
@@ -1843,8 +1842,8 @@
         }
 
         if (src.empty()) src = "all";
-        std::vector<std::string> partitions{"data",   "odm",   "oem", "product", "product_services",
-                                            "system", "vendor"};
+        std::vector<std::string> partitions{"data",   "odm",        "oem",   "product",
+                                            "system", "system_ext", "vendor"};
         bool found = false;
         for (const auto& partition : partitions) {
             if (src == "all" || src == partition) {
diff --git a/adb/client/transport_mdns.cpp b/adb/client/transport_mdns.cpp
index 283fac5..1a34384 100644
--- a/adb/client/transport_mdns.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/transport_mdns.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 
 #include "adb_mdns.h"
 #include "adb_trace.h"
-#include "fdevent.h"
+#include "fdevent/fdevent.h"
 #include "sysdeps.h"
 
 static DNSServiceRef service_ref;
diff --git a/adb/daemon/auth.cpp b/adb/daemon/auth.cpp
index 1800f84..2b8f461 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/auth.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/auth.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@
 
 #include "adb.h"
 #include "adb_auth.h"
-#include "fdevent.h"
+#include "adb_io.h"
+#include "fdevent/fdevent.h"
 #include "sysdeps.h"
 #include "transport.h"
 
diff --git a/adb/daemon/framebuffer_service.cpp b/adb/daemon/framebuffer_service.cpp
index 2a6418a..676f8e9 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/framebuffer_service.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/framebuffer_service.cpp
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 #include "adb.h"
 #include "adb_io.h"
 #include "adb_utils.h"
-#include "fdevent.h"
 
 /* TODO:
 ** - sync with vsync to avoid tearing
diff --git a/adb/fdevent.cpp b/adb/fdevent.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 32f9086..0000000
--- a/adb/fdevent.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,553 +0,0 @@
-/* http://frotznet.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/utils/fdevent.c
-**
-** Copyright 2006, Brian Swetland <swetland@frotz.net>
-**
-** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-** You may obtain a copy of the License at
-**
-**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-**
-** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-** limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-#define TRACE_TAG FDEVENT
-
-#include "sysdeps.h"
-#include "fdevent.h"
-
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <atomic>
-#include <deque>
-#include <functional>
-#include <list>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <optional>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <utility>
-#include <variant>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
-#include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
-#include <android-base/threads.h>
-
-#include "adb_io.h"
-#include "adb_trace.h"
-#include "adb_unique_fd.h"
-#include "adb_utils.h"
-#include "sysdeps/chrono.h"
-
-#define FDE_EVENTMASK  0x00ff
-#define FDE_STATEMASK  0xff00
-
-#define FDE_ACTIVE     0x0100
-#define FDE_PENDING    0x0200
-#define FDE_CREATED    0x0400
-
-struct PollNode {
-  fdevent* fde;
-  adb_pollfd pollfd;
-
-  explicit PollNode(fdevent* fde) : fde(fde) {
-      memset(&pollfd, 0, sizeof(pollfd));
-      pollfd.fd = fde->fd.get();
-
-#if defined(__linux__)
-      // Always enable POLLRDHUP, so the host server can take action when some clients disconnect.
-      // Then we can avoid leaving many sockets in CLOSE_WAIT state. See http://b/23314034.
-      pollfd.events = POLLRDHUP;
-#endif
-  }
-};
-
-// All operations to fdevent should happen only in the main thread.
-// That's why we don't need a lock for fdevent.
-static auto& g_poll_node_map = *new std::unordered_map<int, PollNode>();
-static auto& g_pending_list = *new std::list<fdevent*>();
-static std::atomic<bool> terminate_loop(false);
-static bool main_thread_valid;
-static uint64_t main_thread_id;
-
-static uint64_t fdevent_id;
-
-static bool run_needs_flush = false;
-static auto& run_queue_notify_fd = *new unique_fd();
-static auto& run_queue_mutex = *new std::mutex();
-static auto& run_queue GUARDED_BY(run_queue_mutex) = *new std::deque<std::function<void()>>();
-
-void check_main_thread() {
-    if (main_thread_valid) {
-        CHECK_EQ(main_thread_id, android::base::GetThreadId());
-    }
-}
-
-void set_main_thread() {
-    main_thread_valid = true;
-    main_thread_id = android::base::GetThreadId();
-}
-
-static std::string dump_fde(const fdevent* fde) {
-    std::string state;
-    if (fde->state & FDE_ACTIVE) {
-        state += "A";
-    }
-    if (fde->state & FDE_PENDING) {
-        state += "P";
-    }
-    if (fde->state & FDE_CREATED) {
-        state += "C";
-    }
-    if (fde->state & FDE_READ) {
-        state += "R";
-    }
-    if (fde->state & FDE_WRITE) {
-        state += "W";
-    }
-    if (fde->state & FDE_ERROR) {
-        state += "E";
-    }
-    return android::base::StringPrintf("(fdevent %" PRIu64 ": fd %d %s)", fde->id, fde->fd.get(),
-                                       state.c_str());
-}
-
-template <typename F>
-static fdevent* fdevent_create_impl(int fd, F func, void* arg) {
-    check_main_thread();
-    CHECK_GE(fd, 0);
-
-    fdevent* fde = new fdevent();
-    fde->id = fdevent_id++;
-    fde->state = FDE_ACTIVE;
-    fde->fd.reset(fd);
-    fde->func = func;
-    fde->arg = arg;
-    if (!set_file_block_mode(fd, false)) {
-        // Here is not proper to handle the error. If it fails here, some error is
-        // likely to be detected by poll(), then we can let the callback function
-        // to handle it.
-        LOG(ERROR) << "failed to set non-blocking mode for fd " << fd;
-    }
-    auto pair = g_poll_node_map.emplace(fde->fd.get(), PollNode(fde));
-    CHECK(pair.second) << "install existing fd " << fd;
-
-    fde->state |= FDE_CREATED;
-    return fde;
-}
-
-fdevent* fdevent_create(int fd, fd_func func, void* arg) {
-    return fdevent_create_impl(fd, func, arg);
-}
-
-fdevent* fdevent_create(int fd, fd_func2 func, void* arg) {
-    return fdevent_create_impl(fd, func, arg);
-}
-
-unique_fd fdevent_release(fdevent* fde) {
-    check_main_thread();
-    if (!fde) {
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    if (!(fde->state & FDE_CREATED)) {
-        LOG(FATAL) << "destroying fde not created by fdevent_create(): " << dump_fde(fde);
-    }
-
-    unique_fd result = std::move(fde->fd);
-    if (fde->state & FDE_ACTIVE) {
-        g_poll_node_map.erase(result.get());
-
-        if (fde->state & FDE_PENDING) {
-            g_pending_list.remove(fde);
-        }
-        fde->state = 0;
-        fde->events = 0;
-    }
-
-    delete fde;
-    return result;
-}
-
-void fdevent_destroy(fdevent* fde) {
-    // Release, and then let unique_fd's destructor cleanup.
-    fdevent_release(fde);
-}
-
-static void fdevent_update(fdevent* fde, unsigned events) {
-    auto it = g_poll_node_map.find(fde->fd.get());
-    CHECK(it != g_poll_node_map.end());
-    PollNode& node = it->second;
-    if (events & FDE_READ) {
-        node.pollfd.events |= POLLIN;
-    } else {
-        node.pollfd.events &= ~POLLIN;
-    }
-
-    if (events & FDE_WRITE) {
-        node.pollfd.events |= POLLOUT;
-    } else {
-        node.pollfd.events &= ~POLLOUT;
-    }
-    fde->state = (fde->state & FDE_STATEMASK) | events;
-}
-
-void fdevent_set(fdevent* fde, unsigned events) {
-    check_main_thread();
-    events &= FDE_EVENTMASK;
-    if ((fde->state & FDE_EVENTMASK) == events) {
-        return;
-    }
-    CHECK(fde->state & FDE_ACTIVE);
-    fdevent_update(fde, events);
-    D("fdevent_set: %s, events = %u", dump_fde(fde).c_str(), events);
-
-    if (fde->state & FDE_PENDING) {
-        // If we are pending, make sure we don't signal an event that is no longer wanted.
-        fde->events &= events;
-        if (fde->events == 0) {
-            g_pending_list.remove(fde);
-            fde->state &= ~FDE_PENDING;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void fdevent_add(fdevent* fde, unsigned events) {
-    check_main_thread();
-    CHECK(!(events & FDE_TIMEOUT));
-    fdevent_set(fde, (fde->state & FDE_EVENTMASK) | events);
-}
-
-void fdevent_del(fdevent* fde, unsigned events) {
-    check_main_thread();
-    CHECK(!(events & FDE_TIMEOUT));
-    fdevent_set(fde, (fde->state & FDE_EVENTMASK) & ~events);
-}
-
-void fdevent_set_timeout(fdevent* fde, std::optional<std::chrono::milliseconds> timeout) {
-    check_main_thread();
-    fde->timeout = timeout;
-    fde->last_active = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-}
-
-static std::string dump_pollfds(const std::vector<adb_pollfd>& pollfds) {
-    std::string result;
-    for (const auto& pollfd : pollfds) {
-        std::string op;
-        if (pollfd.events & POLLIN) {
-            op += "R";
-        }
-        if (pollfd.events & POLLOUT) {
-            op += "W";
-        }
-        android::base::StringAppendF(&result, " %d(%s)", pollfd.fd, op.c_str());
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-static std::optional<std::chrono::milliseconds> calculate_timeout() {
-    std::optional<std::chrono::milliseconds> result = std::nullopt;
-    auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-    check_main_thread();
-
-    for (const auto& [fd, pollnode] : g_poll_node_map) {
-        UNUSED(fd);
-        auto timeout_opt = pollnode.fde->timeout;
-        if (timeout_opt) {
-            auto deadline = pollnode.fde->last_active + *timeout_opt;
-            auto time_left = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(deadline - now);
-            if (time_left < std::chrono::milliseconds::zero()) {
-                time_left = std::chrono::milliseconds::zero();
-            }
-
-            if (!result) {
-                result = time_left;
-            } else {
-                result = std::min(*result, time_left);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-static void fdevent_process() {
-    std::vector<adb_pollfd> pollfds;
-    for (const auto& pair : g_poll_node_map) {
-        pollfds.push_back(pair.second.pollfd);
-    }
-    CHECK_GT(pollfds.size(), 0u);
-    D("poll(), pollfds = %s", dump_pollfds(pollfds).c_str());
-
-    auto timeout = calculate_timeout();
-    int timeout_ms;
-    if (!timeout) {
-        timeout_ms = -1;
-    } else {
-        timeout_ms = timeout->count();
-    }
-
-    int ret = adb_poll(&pollfds[0], pollfds.size(), timeout_ms);
-    if (ret == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "poll(), ret = " << ret;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    auto post_poll = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-
-    for (const auto& pollfd : pollfds) {
-        if (pollfd.revents != 0) {
-            D("for fd %d, revents = %x", pollfd.fd, pollfd.revents);
-        }
-        unsigned events = 0;
-        if (pollfd.revents & POLLIN) {
-            events |= FDE_READ;
-        }
-        if (pollfd.revents & POLLOUT) {
-            events |= FDE_WRITE;
-        }
-        if (pollfd.revents & (POLLERR | POLLHUP | POLLNVAL)) {
-            // We fake a read, as the rest of the code assumes that errors will
-            // be detected at that point.
-            events |= FDE_READ | FDE_ERROR;
-        }
-#if defined(__linux__)
-        if (pollfd.revents & POLLRDHUP) {
-            events |= FDE_READ | FDE_ERROR;
-        }
-#endif
-        auto it = g_poll_node_map.find(pollfd.fd);
-        CHECK(it != g_poll_node_map.end());
-        fdevent* fde = it->second.fde;
-
-        if (events == 0) {
-            // Check for timeout.
-            if (fde->timeout) {
-                auto deadline = fde->last_active + *fde->timeout;
-                if (deadline < post_poll) {
-                    events |= FDE_TIMEOUT;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (events != 0) {
-            CHECK_EQ(fde->fd.get(), pollfd.fd);
-            fde->events |= events;
-            fde->last_active = post_poll;
-            D("%s got events %x", dump_fde(fde).c_str(), events);
-            fde->state |= FDE_PENDING;
-            g_pending_list.push_back(fde);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template <class T>
-struct always_false : std::false_type {};
-
-static void fdevent_call_fdfunc(fdevent* fde) {
-    unsigned events = fde->events;
-    fde->events = 0;
-    CHECK(fde->state & FDE_PENDING);
-    fde->state &= (~FDE_PENDING);
-    D("fdevent_call_fdfunc %s", dump_fde(fde).c_str());
-    std::visit(
-            [&](auto&& f) {
-                using F = std::decay_t<decltype(f)>;
-                if constexpr (std::is_same_v<fd_func, F>) {
-                    f(fde->fd.get(), events, fde->arg);
-                } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<fd_func2, F>) {
-                    f(fde, events, fde->arg);
-                } else {
-                    static_assert(always_false<F>::value, "non-exhaustive visitor");
-                }
-            },
-            fde->func);
-}
-
-static void fdevent_run_flush() EXCLUDES(run_queue_mutex) {
-    // We need to be careful around reentrancy here, since a function we call can queue up another
-    // function.
-    while (true) {
-        std::function<void()> fn;
-        {
-            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(run_queue_mutex);
-            if (run_queue.empty()) {
-                break;
-            }
-            fn = run_queue.front();
-            run_queue.pop_front();
-        }
-        fn();
-    }
-}
-
-static void fdevent_run_func(int fd, unsigned ev, void* /* userdata */) {
-    CHECK_GE(fd, 0);
-    CHECK(ev & FDE_READ);
-
-    char buf[1024];
-
-    // Empty the fd.
-    if (adb_read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) == -1) {
-        PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to empty run queue notify fd";
-    }
-
-    // Mark that we need to flush, and then run it at the end of fdevent_loop.
-    run_needs_flush = true;
-}
-
-static void fdevent_run_setup() {
-    {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(run_queue_mutex);
-        CHECK(run_queue_notify_fd.get() == -1);
-        int s[2];
-        if (adb_socketpair(s) != 0) {
-            PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to create run queue notify socketpair";
-        }
-
-        if (!set_file_block_mode(s[0], false) || !set_file_block_mode(s[1], false)) {
-            PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to make run queue notify socket nonblocking";
-        }
-
-        run_queue_notify_fd.reset(s[0]);
-        fdevent* fde = fdevent_create(s[1], fdevent_run_func, nullptr);
-        CHECK(fde != nullptr);
-        fdevent_add(fde, FDE_READ);
-    }
-
-    fdevent_run_flush();
-}
-
-void fdevent_run_on_main_thread(std::function<void()> fn) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(run_queue_mutex);
-    run_queue.push_back(std::move(fn));
-
-    // run_queue_notify_fd could still be -1 if we're called before fdevent has finished setting up.
-    // In that case, rely on the setup code to flush the queue without a notification being needed.
-    if (run_queue_notify_fd != -1) {
-        int rc = adb_write(run_queue_notify_fd.get(), "", 1);
-
-        // It's possible that we get EAGAIN here, if lots of notifications came in while handling.
-        if (rc == 0) {
-            PLOG(FATAL) << "run queue notify fd was closed?";
-        } else if (rc == -1 && errno != EAGAIN) {
-            PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to write to run queue notify fd";
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-static void fdevent_check_spin(uint64_t cycle) {
-    // Check to see if we're spinning because we forgot about an fdevent
-    // by keeping track of how long fdevents have been continuously pending.
-    struct SpinCheck {
-        fdevent* fde;
-        android::base::boot_clock::time_point timestamp;
-        uint64_t cycle;
-    };
-    static auto& g_continuously_pending = *new std::unordered_map<uint64_t, SpinCheck>();
-    static auto last_cycle = android::base::boot_clock::now();
-
-    auto now = android::base::boot_clock::now();
-    if (now - last_cycle > 10ms) {
-        // We're not spinning.
-        g_continuously_pending.clear();
-        last_cycle = now;
-        return;
-    }
-    last_cycle = now;
-
-    for (auto* fde : g_pending_list) {
-        auto it = g_continuously_pending.find(fde->id);
-        if (it == g_continuously_pending.end()) {
-            g_continuously_pending[fde->id] =
-                    SpinCheck{.fde = fde, .timestamp = now, .cycle = cycle};
-        } else {
-            it->second.cycle = cycle;
-        }
-    }
-
-    for (auto it = g_continuously_pending.begin(); it != g_continuously_pending.end();) {
-        if (it->second.cycle != cycle) {
-            it = g_continuously_pending.erase(it);
-        } else {
-            // Use an absurdly long window, since all we really care about is
-            // getting a bugreport eventually.
-            if (now - it->second.timestamp > 300s) {
-                LOG(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT)
-                        << "detected spin in fdevent: " << dump_fde(it->second.fde);
-#if defined(__linux__)
-                int fd = it->second.fde->fd.get();
-                std::string fd_path = android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/self/fd/%d", fd);
-                std::string path;
-                if (!android::base::Readlink(fd_path, &path)) {
-                    PLOG(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT) << "readlink of fd " << fd << " failed";
-                }
-                LOG(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT) << "fd " << fd << " = " << path;
-#endif
-                abort();
-            }
-            ++it;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void fdevent_loop() {
-    set_main_thread();
-    fdevent_run_setup();
-
-    uint64_t cycle = 0;
-    while (true) {
-        if (terminate_loop) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        D("--- --- waiting for events");
-
-        fdevent_process();
-
-        fdevent_check_spin(cycle++);
-
-        while (!g_pending_list.empty()) {
-            fdevent* fde = g_pending_list.front();
-            g_pending_list.pop_front();
-            fdevent_call_fdfunc(fde);
-        }
-
-        if (run_needs_flush) {
-            fdevent_run_flush();
-            run_needs_flush = false;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void fdevent_terminate_loop() {
-    terminate_loop = true;
-}
-
-size_t fdevent_installed_count() {
-    return g_poll_node_map.size();
-}
-
-void fdevent_reset() {
-    g_poll_node_map.clear();
-    g_pending_list.clear();
-
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(run_queue_mutex);
-    run_queue_notify_fd.reset();
-    run_queue.clear();
-
-    main_thread_valid = false;
-    terminate_loop = false;
-}
diff --git a/adb/fdevent.h b/adb/fdevent.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 42dbb9e..0000000
--- a/adb/fdevent.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef __FDEVENT_H
-#define __FDEVENT_H
-
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-#include <chrono>
-#include <functional>
-#include <optional>
-#include <variant>
-
-#include "adb_unique_fd.h"
-
-// Events that may be observed
-#define FDE_READ 0x0001
-#define FDE_WRITE 0x0002
-#define FDE_ERROR 0x0004
-#define FDE_TIMEOUT 0x0008
-
-typedef void (*fd_func)(int fd, unsigned events, void *userdata);
-typedef void (*fd_func2)(struct fdevent* fde, unsigned events, void* userdata);
-
-struct fdevent {
-    uint64_t id;
-
-    unique_fd fd;
-    int force_eof = 0;
-
-    uint16_t state = 0;
-    uint16_t events = 0;
-    std::optional<std::chrono::milliseconds> timeout;
-    std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point last_active;
-
-    std::variant<fd_func, fd_func2> func;
-    void* arg = nullptr;
-};
-
-// Allocate and initialize a new fdevent object
-// TODO: Switch these to unique_fd.
-fdevent *fdevent_create(int fd, fd_func func, void *arg);
-fdevent* fdevent_create(int fd, fd_func2 func, void* arg);
-
-// Deallocate an fdevent object that was created by fdevent_create.
-void fdevent_destroy(fdevent *fde);
-
-// fdevent_destroy, except releasing the file descriptor previously owned by the fdevent.
-unique_fd fdevent_release(fdevent* fde);
-
-// Change which events should cause notifications
-void fdevent_set(fdevent *fde, unsigned events);
-void fdevent_add(fdevent *fde, unsigned events);
-void fdevent_del(fdevent *fde, unsigned events);
-
-// Set a timeout on an fdevent.
-// If no events are triggered by the timeout, an FDE_TIMEOUT will be generated.
-// Note timeouts are not defused automatically; if a timeout is set on an fdevent, it will
-// trigger repeatedly every |timeout| ms.
-void fdevent_set_timeout(fdevent* fde, std::optional<std::chrono::milliseconds> timeout);
-
-// Loop forever, handling events.
-void fdevent_loop();
-
-void check_main_thread();
-
-// Queue an operation to run on the main thread.
-void fdevent_run_on_main_thread(std::function<void()> fn);
-
-// The following functions are used only for tests.
-void fdevent_terminate_loop();
-size_t fdevent_installed_count();
-void fdevent_reset();
-void set_main_thread();
-
-#endif
diff --git a/adb/fdevent/fdevent.cpp b/adb/fdevent/fdevent.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28b8f37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/adb/fdevent/fdevent.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2006, Brian Swetland <swetland@frotz.net>
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define TRACE_TAG FDEVENT
+
+#include "sysdeps.h"
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/threads.h>
+
+#include "adb_utils.h"
+#include "fdevent.h"
+#include "fdevent_poll.h"
+
+std::string dump_fde(const fdevent* fde) {
+    std::string state;
+    if (fde->state & FDE_ACTIVE) {
+        state += "A";
+    }
+    if (fde->state & FDE_PENDING) {
+        state += "P";
+    }
+    if (fde->state & FDE_READ) {
+        state += "R";
+    }
+    if (fde->state & FDE_WRITE) {
+        state += "W";
+    }
+    if (fde->state & FDE_ERROR) {
+        state += "E";
+    }
+    return android::base::StringPrintf("(fdevent %" PRIu64 ": fd %d %s)", fde->id, fde->fd.get(),
+                                       state.c_str());
+}
+
+fdevent* fdevent_context::Create(unique_fd fd, std::variant<fd_func, fd_func2> func, void* arg) {
+    CheckMainThread();
+    CHECK_GE(fd.get(), 0);
+
+    fdevent* fde = new fdevent();
+    fde->id = fdevent_id_++;
+    fde->state = FDE_ACTIVE;
+    fde->fd = std::move(fd);
+    fde->func = func;
+    fde->arg = arg;
+    if (!set_file_block_mode(fde->fd, false)) {
+        // Here is not proper to handle the error. If it fails here, some error is
+        // likely to be detected by poll(), then we can let the callback function
+        // to handle it.
+        LOG(ERROR) << "failed to set non-blocking mode for fd " << fde->fd.get();
+    }
+
+    this->Register(fde);
+    return fde;
+}
+
+unique_fd fdevent_context::Destroy(fdevent* fde) {
+    CheckMainThread();
+    if (!fde) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    this->Unregister(fde);
+
+    unique_fd result = std::move(fde->fd);
+    delete fde;
+    return result;
+}
+
+void fdevent_context::Add(fdevent* fde, unsigned events) {
+    Set(fde, (fde->state & FDE_EVENTMASK) | events);
+}
+
+void fdevent_context::Del(fdevent* fde, unsigned events) {
+    CHECK(!(events & FDE_TIMEOUT));
+    Set(fde, (fde->state & FDE_EVENTMASK) & ~events);
+}
+
+void fdevent_context::SetTimeout(fdevent* fde, std::optional<std::chrono::milliseconds> timeout) {
+    CheckMainThread();
+    fde->timeout = timeout;
+    fde->last_active = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+}
+
+void fdevent_context::CheckMainThread() {
+    if (main_thread_id_) {
+        CHECK_EQ(*main_thread_id_, android::base::GetThreadId());
+    }
+}
+
+void fdevent_context::Run(std::function<void()> fn) {
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(run_queue_mutex_);
+        run_queue_.push_back(std::move(fn));
+    }
+
+    Interrupt();
+}
+
+void fdevent_context::TerminateLoop() {
+    terminate_loop_ = true;
+    Interrupt();
+}
+
+void fdevent_context::FlushRunQueue() {
+    // We need to be careful around reentrancy here, since a function we call can queue up another
+    // function.
+    while (true) {
+        std::function<void()> fn;
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(this->run_queue_mutex_);
+            if (this->run_queue_.empty()) {
+                break;
+            }
+            fn = this->run_queue_.front();
+            this->run_queue_.pop_front();
+        }
+        fn();
+    }
+}
+
+static auto& g_ambient_fdevent_context =
+        *new std::unique_ptr<fdevent_context>(new fdevent_context_poll());
+
+static fdevent_context* fdevent_get_ambient() {
+    return g_ambient_fdevent_context.get();
+}
+
+fdevent* fdevent_create(int fd, fd_func func, void* arg) {
+    unique_fd ufd(fd);
+    return fdevent_get_ambient()->Create(std::move(ufd), func, arg);
+}
+
+fdevent* fdevent_create(int fd, fd_func2 func, void* arg) {
+    unique_fd ufd(fd);
+    return fdevent_get_ambient()->Create(std::move(ufd), func, arg);
+}
+
+unique_fd fdevent_release(fdevent* fde) {
+    return fdevent_get_ambient()->Destroy(fde);
+}
+
+void fdevent_destroy(fdevent* fde) {
+    fdevent_get_ambient()->Destroy(fde);
+}
+
+void fdevent_set(fdevent* fde, unsigned events) {
+    fdevent_get_ambient()->Set(fde, events);
+}
+
+void fdevent_add(fdevent* fde, unsigned events) {
+    fdevent_get_ambient()->Add(fde, events);
+}
+
+void fdevent_del(fdevent* fde, unsigned events) {
+    fdevent_get_ambient()->Del(fde, events);
+}
+
+void fdevent_set_timeout(fdevent* fde, std::optional<std::chrono::milliseconds> timeout) {
+    fdevent_get_ambient()->SetTimeout(fde, timeout);
+}
+
+void fdevent_run_on_main_thread(std::function<void()> fn) {
+    fdevent_get_ambient()->Run(std::move(fn));
+}
+
+void fdevent_loop() {
+    fdevent_get_ambient()->Loop();
+}
+
+void check_main_thread() {
+    fdevent_get_ambient()->CheckMainThread();
+}
+
+void fdevent_terminate_loop() {
+    fdevent_get_ambient()->TerminateLoop();
+}
+
+size_t fdevent_installed_count() {
+    return fdevent_get_ambient()->InstalledCount();
+}
+
+void fdevent_reset() {
+    g_ambient_fdevent_context.reset(new fdevent_context_poll());
+}
diff --git a/adb/fdevent/fdevent.h b/adb/fdevent/fdevent.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccb0c92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/adb/fdevent/fdevent.h
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __FDEVENT_H
+#define __FDEVENT_H
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <deque>
+#include <functional>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+#include <variant>
+
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+
+#include "adb_unique_fd.h"
+
+// Events that may be observed
+#define FDE_READ 0x0001
+#define FDE_WRITE 0x0002
+#define FDE_ERROR 0x0004
+#define FDE_TIMEOUT 0x0008
+
+// Internal states.
+#define FDE_EVENTMASK  0x00ff
+#define FDE_STATEMASK  0xff00
+
+#define FDE_ACTIVE     0x0100
+#define FDE_PENDING    0x0200
+
+typedef void (*fd_func)(int fd, unsigned events, void *userdata);
+typedef void (*fd_func2)(struct fdevent* fde, unsigned events, void* userdata);
+
+struct fdevent;
+std::string dump_fde(const fdevent* fde);
+
+struct fdevent_context {
+  public:
+    virtual ~fdevent_context() = default;
+
+    // Allocate and initialize a new fdevent object.
+    fdevent* Create(unique_fd fd, std::variant<fd_func, fd_func2> func, void* arg);
+
+    // Deallocate an fdevent object, returning the file descriptor that was owned by it.
+    unique_fd Destroy(fdevent* fde);
+
+  protected:
+    // Register an fdevent that is being created by Create with the fdevent_context.
+    virtual void Register(fdevent* fde) = 0;
+
+    // Unregister an fdevent that is being destroyed by Destroy with the fdevent_context.
+    virtual void Unregister(fdevent* fde) = 0;
+
+  public:
+    // Change which events should cause notifications.
+    virtual void Set(fdevent* fde, unsigned events) = 0;
+    void Add(fdevent* fde, unsigned events);
+    void Del(fdevent* fde, unsigned events);
+
+    // Set a timeout on an fdevent.
+    // If no events are triggered by the timeout, an FDE_TIMEOUT will be generated.
+    // Note timeouts are not defused automatically; if a timeout is set on an fdevent, it will
+    // trigger repeatedly every |timeout| ms.
+    void SetTimeout(fdevent* fde, std::optional<std::chrono::milliseconds> timeout);
+
+    // Loop until TerminateLoop is called, handling events.
+    // Implementations should call FlushRunQueue on every iteration, and check the value of
+    // terminate_loop_ to determine whether to stop.
+    virtual void Loop() = 0;
+
+    // Assert that the caller is either running on the context's main thread, or that there is no
+    // active main thread.
+    void CheckMainThread();
+
+    // Queue an operation to be run on the main thread.
+    void Run(std::function<void()> fn);
+
+    // Test-only functionality:
+    void TerminateLoop();
+    virtual size_t InstalledCount() = 0;
+
+  protected:
+    // Interrupt the run loop.
+    virtual void Interrupt() = 0;
+
+    // Run all pending functions enqueued via Run().
+    void FlushRunQueue() EXCLUDES(run_queue_mutex_);
+
+    std::optional<uint64_t> main_thread_id_ = std::nullopt;
+    std::atomic<bool> terminate_loop_ = false;
+
+  private:
+    uint64_t fdevent_id_ = 0;
+    std::mutex run_queue_mutex_;
+    std::deque<std::function<void()>> run_queue_ GUARDED_BY(run_queue_mutex_);
+};
+
+struct fdevent {
+    uint64_t id;
+
+    unique_fd fd;
+    int force_eof = 0;
+
+    uint16_t state = 0;
+    uint16_t events = 0;
+    std::optional<std::chrono::milliseconds> timeout;
+    std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point last_active;
+
+    std::variant<fd_func, fd_func2> func;
+    void* arg = nullptr;
+};
+
+// Backwards compatibility shims that forward to the global fdevent_context.
+fdevent* fdevent_create(int fd, fd_func func, void* arg);
+fdevent* fdevent_create(int fd, fd_func2 func, void* arg);
+
+unique_fd fdevent_release(fdevent* fde);
+void fdevent_destroy(fdevent* fde);
+
+void fdevent_set(fdevent *fde, unsigned events);
+void fdevent_add(fdevent *fde, unsigned events);
+void fdevent_del(fdevent *fde, unsigned events);
+void fdevent_set_timeout(fdevent* fde, std::optional<std::chrono::milliseconds> timeout);
+void fdevent_loop();
+void check_main_thread();
+
+// Queue an operation to run on the main thread.
+void fdevent_run_on_main_thread(std::function<void()> fn);
+
+// The following functions are used only for tests.
+void fdevent_terminate_loop();
+size_t fdevent_installed_count();
+void fdevent_reset();
+
+#endif
diff --git a/adb/fdevent/fdevent_poll.cpp b/adb/fdevent/fdevent_poll.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75ea081
--- /dev/null
+++ b/adb/fdevent/fdevent_poll.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define TRACE_TAG FDEVENT
+
+#include "sysdeps.h"
+#include "fdevent_poll.h"
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <deque>
+#include <functional>
+#include <list>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/threads.h>
+
+#include "adb_io.h"
+#include "adb_trace.h"
+#include "adb_unique_fd.h"
+#include "adb_utils.h"
+#include "fdevent.h"
+#include "sysdeps/chrono.h"
+
+static void fdevent_interrupt(int fd, unsigned, void*) {
+    char buf[BUFSIZ];
+    ssize_t rc = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(adb_read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)));
+    if (rc == -1) {
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to read from fdevent interrupt fd";
+    }
+}
+
+fdevent_context_poll::fdevent_context_poll() {
+    int s[2];
+    if (adb_socketpair(s) != 0) {
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to create fdevent interrupt socketpair";
+    }
+
+    if (!set_file_block_mode(s[0], false) || !set_file_block_mode(s[1], false)) {
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to make fdevent interrupt socket nonblocking";
+    }
+
+    this->interrupt_fd_.reset(s[0]);
+    fdevent* fde = this->Create(unique_fd(s[1]), fdevent_interrupt, nullptr);
+    CHECK(fde != nullptr);
+    this->Add(fde, FDE_READ);
+}
+
+fdevent_context_poll::~fdevent_context_poll() {
+    this->Destroy(this->interrupt_fde_);
+}
+
+void fdevent_context_poll::Register(fdevent* fde) {
+    auto pair = poll_node_map_.emplace(fde->fd.get(), PollNode(fde));
+    CHECK(pair.second) << "install existing fd " << fde->fd.get();
+}
+
+void fdevent_context_poll::Unregister(fdevent* fde) {
+    if (fde->state & FDE_ACTIVE) {
+        poll_node_map_.erase(fde->fd.get());
+
+        if (fde->state & FDE_PENDING) {
+            pending_list_.remove(fde);
+        }
+        fde->state = 0;
+        fde->events = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+void fdevent_context_poll::Set(fdevent* fde, unsigned events) {
+    CheckMainThread();
+    events &= FDE_EVENTMASK;
+    if ((fde->state & FDE_EVENTMASK) == events) {
+        return;
+    }
+    CHECK(fde->state & FDE_ACTIVE);
+
+    auto it = poll_node_map_.find(fde->fd.get());
+    CHECK(it != poll_node_map_.end());
+    PollNode& node = it->second;
+    if (events & FDE_READ) {
+        node.pollfd.events |= POLLIN;
+    } else {
+        node.pollfd.events &= ~POLLIN;
+    }
+
+    if (events & FDE_WRITE) {
+        node.pollfd.events |= POLLOUT;
+    } else {
+        node.pollfd.events &= ~POLLOUT;
+    }
+    fde->state = (fde->state & FDE_STATEMASK) | events;
+
+    D("fdevent_set: %s, events = %u", dump_fde(fde).c_str(), events);
+
+    if (fde->state & FDE_PENDING) {
+        // If we are pending, make sure we don't signal an event that is no longer wanted.
+        fde->events &= events;
+        if (fde->events == 0) {
+            pending_list_.remove(fde);
+            fde->state &= ~FDE_PENDING;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static std::string dump_pollfds(const std::vector<adb_pollfd>& pollfds) {
+    std::string result;
+    for (const auto& pollfd : pollfds) {
+        std::string op;
+        if (pollfd.events & POLLIN) {
+            op += "R";
+        }
+        if (pollfd.events & POLLOUT) {
+            op += "W";
+        }
+        android::base::StringAppendF(&result, " %d(%s)", pollfd.fd, op.c_str());
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+static std::optional<std::chrono::milliseconds> calculate_timeout(fdevent_context_poll* ctx) {
+    std::optional<std::chrono::milliseconds> result = std::nullopt;
+    auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    ctx->CheckMainThread();
+
+    for (const auto& [fd, pollnode] : ctx->poll_node_map_) {
+        UNUSED(fd);
+        auto timeout_opt = pollnode.fde->timeout;
+        if (timeout_opt) {
+            auto deadline = pollnode.fde->last_active + *timeout_opt;
+            auto time_left = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(deadline - now);
+            if (time_left < std::chrono::milliseconds::zero()) {
+                time_left = std::chrono::milliseconds::zero();
+            }
+
+            if (!result) {
+                result = time_left;
+            } else {
+                result = std::min(*result, time_left);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+static void fdevent_process(fdevent_context_poll* ctx) {
+    std::vector<adb_pollfd> pollfds;
+    for (const auto& pair : ctx->poll_node_map_) {
+        pollfds.push_back(pair.second.pollfd);
+    }
+    CHECK_GT(pollfds.size(), 0u);
+    D("poll(), pollfds = %s", dump_pollfds(pollfds).c_str());
+
+    auto timeout = calculate_timeout(ctx);
+    int timeout_ms;
+    if (!timeout) {
+        timeout_ms = -1;
+    } else {
+        timeout_ms = timeout->count();
+    }
+
+    int ret = adb_poll(&pollfds[0], pollfds.size(), timeout_ms);
+    if (ret == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "poll(), ret = " << ret;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto post_poll = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
+    for (const auto& pollfd : pollfds) {
+        if (pollfd.revents != 0) {
+            D("for fd %d, revents = %x", pollfd.fd, pollfd.revents);
+        }
+        unsigned events = 0;
+        if (pollfd.revents & POLLIN) {
+            events |= FDE_READ;
+        }
+        if (pollfd.revents & POLLOUT) {
+            events |= FDE_WRITE;
+        }
+        if (pollfd.revents & (POLLERR | POLLHUP | POLLNVAL)) {
+            // We fake a read, as the rest of the code assumes that errors will
+            // be detected at that point.
+            events |= FDE_READ | FDE_ERROR;
+        }
+#if defined(__linux__)
+        if (pollfd.revents & POLLRDHUP) {
+            events |= FDE_READ | FDE_ERROR;
+        }
+#endif
+        auto it = ctx->poll_node_map_.find(pollfd.fd);
+        CHECK(it != ctx->poll_node_map_.end());
+        fdevent* fde = it->second.fde;
+
+        if (events == 0) {
+            // Check for timeout.
+            if (fde->timeout) {
+                auto deadline = fde->last_active + *fde->timeout;
+                if (deadline < post_poll) {
+                    events |= FDE_TIMEOUT;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (events != 0) {
+            CHECK_EQ(fde->fd.get(), pollfd.fd);
+            fde->events |= events;
+            fde->last_active = post_poll;
+            D("%s got events %x", dump_fde(fde).c_str(), events);
+            fde->state |= FDE_PENDING;
+            ctx->pending_list_.push_back(fde);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template <class T>
+struct always_false : std::false_type {};
+
+static void fdevent_call_fdfunc(fdevent* fde) {
+    unsigned events = fde->events;
+    fde->events = 0;
+    CHECK(fde->state & FDE_PENDING);
+    fde->state &= (~FDE_PENDING);
+    D("fdevent_call_fdfunc %s", dump_fde(fde).c_str());
+    std::visit(
+            [&](auto&& f) {
+                using F = std::decay_t<decltype(f)>;
+                if constexpr (std::is_same_v<fd_func, F>) {
+                    f(fde->fd.get(), events, fde->arg);
+                } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<fd_func2, F>) {
+                    f(fde, events, fde->arg);
+                } else {
+                    static_assert(always_false<F>::value, "non-exhaustive visitor");
+                }
+            },
+            fde->func);
+}
+
+static void fdevent_check_spin(fdevent_context_poll* ctx, uint64_t cycle) {
+    // Check to see if we're spinning because we forgot about an fdevent
+    // by keeping track of how long fdevents have been continuously pending.
+    struct SpinCheck {
+        fdevent* fde;
+        android::base::boot_clock::time_point timestamp;
+        uint64_t cycle;
+    };
+
+    // TODO: Move this into the base fdevent_context.
+    static auto& g_continuously_pending = *new std::unordered_map<uint64_t, SpinCheck>();
+    static auto last_cycle = android::base::boot_clock::now();
+
+    auto now = android::base::boot_clock::now();
+    if (now - last_cycle > 10ms) {
+        // We're not spinning.
+        g_continuously_pending.clear();
+        last_cycle = now;
+        return;
+    }
+    last_cycle = now;
+
+    for (auto* fde : ctx->pending_list_) {
+        auto it = g_continuously_pending.find(fde->id);
+        if (it == g_continuously_pending.end()) {
+            g_continuously_pending[fde->id] =
+                    SpinCheck{.fde = fde, .timestamp = now, .cycle = cycle};
+        } else {
+            it->second.cycle = cycle;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (auto it = g_continuously_pending.begin(); it != g_continuously_pending.end();) {
+        if (it->second.cycle != cycle) {
+            it = g_continuously_pending.erase(it);
+        } else {
+            // Use an absurdly long window, since all we really care about is
+            // getting a bugreport eventually.
+            if (now - it->second.timestamp > 300s) {
+                LOG(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT)
+                        << "detected spin in fdevent: " << dump_fde(it->second.fde);
+#if defined(__linux__)
+                int fd = it->second.fde->fd.get();
+                std::string fd_path = android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/self/fd/%d", fd);
+                std::string path;
+                if (!android::base::Readlink(fd_path, &path)) {
+                    PLOG(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT) << "readlink of fd " << fd << " failed";
+                }
+                LOG(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT) << "fd " << fd << " = " << path;
+#endif
+                abort();
+            }
+            ++it;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void fdevent_context_poll::Loop() {
+    main_thread_id_ = android::base::GetThreadId();
+
+    uint64_t cycle = 0;
+    while (true) {
+        if (terminate_loop_) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        D("--- --- waiting for events");
+
+        fdevent_process(this);
+
+        fdevent_check_spin(this, cycle++);
+
+        while (!pending_list_.empty()) {
+            fdevent* fde = pending_list_.front();
+            pending_list_.pop_front();
+            fdevent_call_fdfunc(fde);
+        }
+
+        this->FlushRunQueue();
+    }
+
+    main_thread_id_.reset();
+}
+
+size_t fdevent_context_poll::InstalledCount() {
+    // We always have an installed fde for interrupt.
+    return poll_node_map_.size() - 1;
+}
+
+void fdevent_context_poll::Interrupt() {
+    int rc = adb_write(this->interrupt_fd_, "", 1);
+
+    // It's possible that we get EAGAIN here, if lots of notifications came in while handling.
+    if (rc == 0) {
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "fdevent interrupt fd was closed?";
+    } else if (rc == -1 && errno != EAGAIN) {
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to write to fdevent interrupt fd";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/adb/fdevent/fdevent_poll.h b/adb/fdevent/fdevent_poll.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db08301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/adb/fdevent/fdevent_poll.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#pragma once
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "sysdeps.h"
+
+#include <deque>
+#include <list>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+
+#include "adb_unique_fd.h"
+#include "fdevent.h"
+
+struct PollNode {
+  fdevent* fde;
+  adb_pollfd pollfd;
+
+  explicit PollNode(fdevent* fde) : fde(fde) {
+      memset(&pollfd, 0, sizeof(pollfd));
+      pollfd.fd = fde->fd.get();
+
+#if defined(__linux__)
+      // Always enable POLLRDHUP, so the host server can take action when some clients disconnect.
+      // Then we can avoid leaving many sockets in CLOSE_WAIT state. See http://b/23314034.
+      pollfd.events = POLLRDHUP;
+#endif
+  }
+};
+
+struct fdevent_context_poll : public fdevent_context {
+    fdevent_context_poll();
+    virtual ~fdevent_context_poll();
+
+    virtual void Register(fdevent* fde) final;
+    virtual void Unregister(fdevent* fde) final;
+
+    virtual void Set(fdevent* fde, unsigned events) final;
+
+    virtual void Loop() final;
+
+    virtual size_t InstalledCount() final;
+
+  protected:
+    virtual void Interrupt() final;
+
+  public:
+    // All operations to fdevent should happen only in the main thread.
+    // That's why we don't need a lock for fdevent.
+    std::unordered_map<int, PollNode> poll_node_map_;
+    std::list<fdevent*> pending_list_;
+
+    unique_fd interrupt_fd_;
+    fdevent* interrupt_fde_ = nullptr;
+};
diff --git a/adb/fdevent_test.cpp b/adb/fdevent/fdevent_test.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from adb/fdevent_test.cpp
rename to adb/fdevent/fdevent_test.cpp
diff --git a/adb/fdevent_test.h b/adb/fdevent/fdevent_test.h
similarity index 95%
rename from adb/fdevent_test.h
rename to adb/fdevent/fdevent_test.h
index 24bce59..2139d0f 100644
--- a/adb/fdevent_test.h
+++ b/adb/fdevent/fdevent_test.h
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@
     }
 
     size_t GetAdditionalLocalSocketCount() {
-        // dummy socket installed in PrepareThread() + fdevent_run_on_main_thread socket
-        return 2;
+        // dummy socket installed in PrepareThread()
+        return 1;
     }
 
     void TerminateThread() {
diff --git a/adb/socket.h b/adb/socket.h
index b8c559a..4276851 100644
--- a/adb/socket.h
+++ b/adb/socket.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include "adb_unique_fd.h"
-#include "fdevent.h"
+#include "fdevent/fdevent.h"
 #include "types.h"
 
 class atransport;
diff --git a/adb/socket_test.cpp b/adb/socket_test.cpp
index 5e28f76..1601ff0 100644
--- a/adb/socket_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/socket_test.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "fdevent.h"
+#include "fdevent/fdevent.h"
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 
 #include "adb.h"
 #include "adb_io.h"
-#include "fdevent_test.h"
+#include "fdevent/fdevent_test.h"
 #include "socket.h"
 #include "sysdeps.h"
 #include "sysdeps/chrono.h"
diff --git a/adb/sysdeps.h b/adb/sysdeps.h
index 78abba5..b0e7fa0 100644
--- a/adb/sysdeps.h
+++ b/adb/sysdeps.h
@@ -64,8 +64,6 @@
 #include <memory>   // unique_ptr
 #include <string>
 
-#include "fdevent.h"
-
 #define OS_PATH_SEPARATORS "\\/"
 #define OS_PATH_SEPARATOR '\\'
 #define OS_PATH_SEPARATOR_STR "\\"
diff --git a/adb/transport.cpp b/adb/transport.cpp
index 841865a..8bc925f 100644
--- a/adb/transport.cpp
+++ b/adb/transport.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 #include "adb_io.h"
 #include "adb_trace.h"
 #include "adb_utils.h"
-#include "fdevent.h"
+#include "fdevent/fdevent.h"
 #include "sysdeps/chrono.h"
 
 using android::base::ScopedLockAssertion;
diff --git a/adb/transport_test.cpp b/adb/transport_test.cpp
index b66f8fa..00beb3a 100644
--- a/adb/transport_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/transport_test.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include "adb.h"
-#include "fdevent_test.h"
+#include "fdevent/fdevent_test.h"
 
 struct TransportTest : public FdeventTest {};
 
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/logging.h b/base/include/android-base/logging.h
index f94cc25..ab6476c 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/logging.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/logging.h
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@
 }  // namespace base
 }  // namespace android
 
-namespace std {
+namespace std {  // NOLINT(cert-dcl58-cpp)
 
 // Emit a warning of ostream<< with std::string*. The intention was most likely to print *string.
 //
diff --git a/fastboot/fastboot.cpp b/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
index c436be3..8923f40 100644
--- a/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
@@ -144,14 +144,13 @@
     { "dts",      "dt.img",           "dt.sig",       "dts",      true,  ImageType::BootCritical },
     { "odm",      "odm.img",          "odm.sig",      "odm",      true,  ImageType::Normal },
     { "product",  "product.img",      "product.sig",  "product",  true,  ImageType::Normal },
-    { "product_services",
-                  "product_services.img",
-                                      "product_services.sig",
-                                                      "product_services",
-                                                                  true,  ImageType::Normal },
     { "recovery", "recovery.img",     "recovery.sig", "recovery", true,  ImageType::BootCritical },
     { "super",    "super.img",        "super.sig",    "super",    true,  ImageType::Extra },
     { "system",   "system.img",       "system.sig",   "system",   false, ImageType::Normal },
+    { "system_ext",
+                  "system_ext.img",   "system_ext.sig",
+                                                      "system_ext",
+                                                                  true,  ImageType::Normal },
     { nullptr,    "system_other.img", "system.sig",   "system",   true,  ImageType::Normal },
     { "userdata", "userdata.img",     "userdata.sig", "userdata", true,  ImageType::Extra },
     { "vbmeta",   "vbmeta.img",       "vbmeta.sig",   "vbmeta",   true,  ImageType::BootCritical },
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm.h b/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm.h
index afcb090..08376c0 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 #define DM_VERSION2 (0)
 
 #define DM_ALIGN_MASK (7)
-#define DM_ALIGN(x) ((x + DM_ALIGN_MASK) & ~DM_ALIGN_MASK)
+#define DM_ALIGN(x) (((x) + DM_ALIGN_MASK) & ~DM_ALIGN_MASK)
 
 namespace android {
 namespace dm {
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/split_fiemap_writer.cpp b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/split_fiemap_writer.cpp
index a0ccc10..16a82d2 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/split_fiemap_writer.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/split_fiemap_writer.cpp
@@ -95,8 +95,9 @@
         // To make sure the alignment doesn't create too much inconsistency, we
         // account the *actual* size, not the requested size.
         total_bytes_written += writer->size();
-        remaining_bytes -= writer->size();
-
+        // writer->size() is block size aligned and could be bigger than remaining_bytes
+        // If remaining_bytes is bigger, set remaining_bytes to 0 to avoid underflow error.
+        remaining_bytes = remaining_bytes > writer->size() ? (remaining_bytes - writer->size()) : 0;
         out->AddFile(std::move(writer));
     }
 
diff --git a/init/Android.bp b/init/Android.bp
index 6bc581d..86dcb4c 100644
--- a/init/Android.bp
+++ b/init/Android.bp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
         "-Wextra",
         "-Wno-unused-parameter",
         "-Werror",
+        "-DALLOW_FIRST_STAGE_CONSOLE=0",
         "-DALLOW_LOCAL_PROP_OVERRIDE=0",
         "-DALLOW_PERMISSIVE_SELINUX=0",
         "-DREBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC=0",
@@ -36,6 +37,8 @@
     product_variables: {
         debuggable: {
             cppflags: [
+                "-UALLOW_FIRST_STAGE_CONSOLE",
+                "-DALLOW_FIRST_STAGE_CONSOLE=1",
                 "-UALLOW_LOCAL_PROP_OVERRIDE",
                 "-DALLOW_LOCAL_PROP_OVERRIDE=1",
                 "-UALLOW_PERMISSIVE_SELINUX",
diff --git a/init/Android.mk b/init/Android.mk
index b24f757..9017772 100644
--- a/init/Android.mk
+++ b/init/Android.mk
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 ifneq (,$(filter userdebug eng,$(TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT)))
 init_options += \
+    -DALLOW_FIRST_STAGE_CONSOLE=1 \
     -DALLOW_LOCAL_PROP_OVERRIDE=1 \
     -DALLOW_PERMISSIVE_SELINUX=1 \
     -DREBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC=1 \
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@
     -DDUMP_ON_UMOUNT_FAILURE=1
 else
 init_options += \
+    -DALLOW_FIRST_STAGE_CONSOLE=0 \
     -DALLOW_LOCAL_PROP_OVERRIDE=0 \
     -DALLOW_PERMISSIVE_SELINUX=0 \
     -DREBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC=0 \
diff --git a/init/action_manager.cpp b/init/action_manager.cpp
index 9de4085..985b8ad 100644
--- a/init/action_manager.cpp
+++ b/init/action_manager.cpp
@@ -88,7 +88,8 @@
         current_command_ = 0;
         if (action->oneshot()) {
             auto eraser = [&action](std::unique_ptr<Action>& a) { return a.get() == action; };
-            actions_.erase(std::remove_if(actions_.begin(), actions_.end(), eraser));
+            actions_.erase(std::remove_if(actions_.begin(), actions_.end(), eraser),
+                           actions_.end());
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/init/builtins.cpp b/init/builtins.cpp
index cc84aa0..ba2c7ac 100644
--- a/init/builtins.cpp
+++ b/init/builtins.cpp
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@
 
     strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, args[1].c_str(), IFNAMSIZ);
 
-    unique_fd s(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)));
+    unique_fd s(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0)));
     if (s < 0) return ErrnoError() << "opening socket failed";
 
     if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) < 0) {
@@ -784,7 +784,7 @@
 }
 
 static Result<void> readahead_file(const std::string& filename, bool fully) {
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(filename.c_str(), O_RDONLY)));
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(filename.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
     if (fd == -1) {
         return ErrnoError() << "Error opening file";
     }
@@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@
         // /apex/<name> paths, so unless we filter them out, we will parse the
         // same file twice.
         std::vector<std::string> paths = android::base::Split(path, "/");
-        if (paths.size() >= 2 && paths[1].find('@') != std::string::npos) {
+        if (paths.size() >= 3 && paths[2].find('@') != std::string::npos) {
             continue;
         }
         configs.push_back(path);
diff --git a/init/first_stage_init.cpp b/init/first_stage_init.cpp
index 17387e2..b60c450 100644
--- a/init/first_stage_init.cpp
+++ b/init/first_stage_init.cpp
@@ -24,10 +24,12 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/sysmacros.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <string>
+#include <thread>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@
 
             if (S_ISDIR(info.st_mode)) {
                 is_dir = true;
-                auto fd = openat(dfd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
+                auto fd = openat(dfd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC);
                 if (fd >= 0) {
                     auto subdir =
                             std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)>{fdopendir(fd), closedir};
@@ -92,9 +94,50 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool ForceNormalBoot() {
-    std::string cmdline;
-    android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/cmdline", &cmdline);
+void StartConsole() {
+    if (mknod("/dev/console", S_IFCHR | 0600, makedev(5, 1))) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "unable to create /dev/console";
+        return;
+    }
+    pid_t pid = fork();
+    if (pid != 0) {
+        int status;
+        waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
+        LOG(ERROR) << "console shell exited with status " << status;
+        return;
+    }
+    int fd = -1;
+    int tries = 10;
+    // The device driver for console may not be ready yet so retry for a while in case of failure.
+    while (tries--) {
+        fd = open("/dev/console", O_RDWR);
+        if (fd != -1) {
+            break;
+        }
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
+    }
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not open /dev/console, errno = " << errno;
+        _exit(127);
+    }
+    ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, 0);
+    dup2(fd, 0);
+    dup2(fd, 1);
+    dup2(fd, 2);
+    close(fd);
+
+    const char* path = "/system/bin/sh";
+    const char* args[] = {path, nullptr};
+    int rv = execv(path, const_cast<char**>(args));
+    LOG(ERROR) << "unable to execv, returned " << rv << " errno " << errno;
+    _exit(127);
+}
+
+bool FirstStageConsole(const std::string& cmdline) {
+    return cmdline.find("androidboot.first_stage_console=1") != std::string::npos;
+}
+
+bool ForceNormalBoot(const std::string& cmdline) {
     return cmdline.find("androidboot.force_normal_boot=1") != std::string::npos;
 }
 
@@ -109,7 +152,7 @@
 
     std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> errors;
 #define CHECKCALL(x) \
-    if (x != 0) errors.emplace_back(#x " failed", errno);
+    if ((x) != 0) errors.emplace_back(#x " failed", errno);
 
     // Clear the umask.
     umask(0);
@@ -127,6 +170,8 @@
 #undef MAKE_STR
     // Don't expose the raw commandline to unprivileged processes.
     CHECKCALL(chmod("/proc/cmdline", 0440));
+    std::string cmdline;
+    android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/cmdline", &cmdline);
     gid_t groups[] = {AID_READPROC};
     CHECKCALL(setgroups(arraysize(groups), groups));
     CHECKCALL(mount("sysfs", "/sys", "sysfs", 0, NULL));
@@ -198,7 +243,11 @@
         LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to load kernel modules";
     }
 
-    if (ForceNormalBoot()) {
+    if (ALLOW_FIRST_STAGE_CONSOLE && FirstStageConsole(cmdline)) {
+        StartConsole();
+    }
+
+    if (ForceNormalBoot(cmdline)) {
         mkdir("/first_stage_ramdisk", 0755);
         // SwitchRoot() must be called with a mount point as the target, so we bind mount the
         // target directory to itself here.
diff --git a/init/persistent_properties.cpp b/init/persistent_properties.cpp
index 73787b9..baa9ad4 100644
--- a/init/persistent_properties.cpp
+++ b/init/persistent_properties.cpp
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
             continue;
         }
 
-        unique_fd fd(openat(dirfd(dir.get()), entry->d_name, O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW));
+        unique_fd fd(openat(dirfd(dir.get()), entry->d_name, O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC));
         if (fd == -1) {
             PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to open persistent property file \"" << entry->d_name << "\"";
             continue;
diff --git a/init/property_service.cpp b/init/property_service.cpp
index 1520c9f..b89914f 100644
--- a/init/property_service.cpp
+++ b/init/property_service.cpp
@@ -667,9 +667,9 @@
 
             if (flen > 0) {
                 if (filter[flen - 1] == '*') {
-                    if (strncmp(key, filter, flen - 1)) continue;
+                    if (strncmp(key, filter, flen - 1) != 0) continue;
                 } else {
-                    if (strcmp(key, filter)) continue;
+                    if (strcmp(key, filter) != 0) continue;
                 }
             }
 
diff --git a/init/service.cpp b/init/service.cpp
index cd08f3d..f95b675 100644
--- a/init/service.cpp
+++ b/init/service.cpp
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
     : Service(name, 0, 0, 0, {}, 0, "", subcontext_for_restart_commands, args) {}
 
 Service::Service(const std::string& name, unsigned flags, uid_t uid, gid_t gid,
-                 const std::vector<gid_t>& supp_gids, unsigned namespace_flags,
+                 const std::vector<gid_t>& supp_gids, int namespace_flags,
                  const std::string& seclabel, Subcontext* subcontext_for_restart_commands,
                  const std::vector<std::string>& args)
     : name_(name),
diff --git a/init/service.h b/init/service.h
index 78f94ce..cc35a8d 100644
--- a/init/service.h
+++ b/init/service.h
@@ -69,9 +69,8 @@
             const std::vector<std::string>& args);
 
     Service(const std::string& name, unsigned flags, uid_t uid, gid_t gid,
-            const std::vector<gid_t>& supp_gids, unsigned namespace_flags,
-            const std::string& seclabel, Subcontext* subcontext_for_restart_commands,
-            const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+            const std::vector<gid_t>& supp_gids, int namespace_flags, const std::string& seclabel,
+            Subcontext* subcontext_for_restart_commands, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
 
     static std::unique_ptr<Service> MakeTemporaryOneshotService(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
 
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@
     int crash_count() const { return crash_count_; }
     uid_t uid() const { return proc_attr_.uid; }
     gid_t gid() const { return proc_attr_.gid; }
-    unsigned namespace_flags() const { return namespaces_.flags; }
+    int namespace_flags() const { return namespaces_.flags; }
     const std::vector<gid_t>& supp_gids() const { return proc_attr_.supp_gids; }
     const std::string& seclabel() const { return seclabel_; }
     const std::vector<int>& keycodes() const { return keycodes_; }
diff --git a/init/service_test.cpp b/init/service_test.cpp
index 4bfaa6b..6a34acc 100644
--- a/init/service_test.cpp
+++ b/init/service_test.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 
 TEST(service, pod_initialized) {
     constexpr auto memory_size = sizeof(Service);
-    alignas(alignof(Service)) char old_memory[memory_size];
+    alignas(alignof(Service)) unsigned char old_memory[memory_size];
 
     for (std::size_t i = 0; i < memory_size; ++i) {
         old_memory[i] = 0xFF;
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(0, service_in_old_memory->crash_count());
     EXPECT_EQ(0U, service_in_old_memory->uid());
     EXPECT_EQ(0U, service_in_old_memory->gid());
-    EXPECT_EQ(0U, service_in_old_memory->namespace_flags());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, service_in_old_memory->namespace_flags());
     EXPECT_EQ(IoSchedClass_NONE, service_in_old_memory->ioprio_class());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, service_in_old_memory->ioprio_pri());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, service_in_old_memory->priority());
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(0, service_in_old_memory2->crash_count());
     EXPECT_EQ(0U, service_in_old_memory2->uid());
     EXPECT_EQ(0U, service_in_old_memory2->gid());
-    EXPECT_EQ(0U, service_in_old_memory2->namespace_flags());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, service_in_old_memory2->namespace_flags());
     EXPECT_EQ(IoSchedClass_NONE, service_in_old_memory2->ioprio_class());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, service_in_old_memory2->ioprio_pri());
     EXPECT_EQ(0, service_in_old_memory2->priority());
diff --git a/init/service_utils.cpp b/init/service_utils.cpp
index f88ea97..34aa837 100644
--- a/init/service_utils.cpp
+++ b/init/service_utils.cpp
@@ -120,22 +120,19 @@
 }
 
 void ZapStdio() {
-    int fd;
-    fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
+    auto fd = unique_fd{open("/dev/null", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)};
     dup2(fd, 0);
     dup2(fd, 1);
     dup2(fd, 2);
-    close(fd);
 }
 
 void OpenConsole(const std::string& console) {
-    int fd = open(console.c_str(), O_RDWR);
-    if (fd == -1) fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
+    auto fd = unique_fd{open(console.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)};
+    if (fd == -1) fd.reset(open("/dev/null", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC));
     ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, 0);
     dup2(fd, 0);
     dup2(fd, 1);
     dup2(fd, 2);
-    close(fd);
 }
 
 }  // namespace
diff --git a/init/service_utils.h b/init/service_utils.h
index c26b123..365cb29 100644
--- a/init/service_utils.h
+++ b/init/service_utils.h
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 namespace init {
 
 struct NamespaceInfo {
-    unsigned flags;
+    int flags;
     // Pair of namespace type, path to name.
     std::vector<std::pair<int, std::string>> namespaces_to_enter;
 };
diff --git a/init/subcontext.cpp b/init/subcontext.cpp
index 02ed507..2f9541b 100644
--- a/init/subcontext.cpp
+++ b/init/subcontext.cpp
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@
 
         // We explicitly do not use O_CLOEXEC here, such that we can reference this FD by number
         // in the subcontext process after we exec.
-        int child_fd = dup(subcontext_socket);
+        int child_fd = dup(subcontext_socket);  // NOLINT(android-cloexec-dup)
         if (child_fd < 0) {
             PLOG(FATAL) << "Could not dup child_fd";
         }
diff --git a/init/tokenizer_test.cpp b/init/tokenizer_test.cpp
index acfc7c7..6b31683 100644
--- a/init/tokenizer_test.cpp
+++ b/init/tokenizer_test.cpp
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
                 return;
             case T_NEWLINE:
                 tokens.emplace_back(std::move(current_line));
+                current_line.clear();
                 break;
             case T_TEXT:
                 current_line.emplace_back(state.text);
diff --git a/init/uevent_listener.cpp b/init/uevent_listener.cpp
index 62cd2be..ac633776 100644
--- a/init/uevent_listener.cpp
+++ b/init/uevent_listener.cpp
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
                                                        const ListenerCallback& callback) const {
     int dfd = dirfd(d);
 
-    int fd = openat(dfd, "uevent", O_WRONLY);
+    int fd = openat(dfd, "uevent", O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
     if (fd >= 0) {
         write(fd, "add\n", 4);
         close(fd);
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
     while ((de = readdir(d)) != nullptr) {
         if (de->d_type != DT_DIR || de->d_name[0] == '.') continue;
 
-        fd = openat(dfd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
+        fd = openat(dfd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC);
         if (fd < 0) continue;
 
         std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> d2(fdopendir(fd), closedir);
diff --git a/init/util.cpp b/init/util.cpp
index 2b34242..058a111 100644
--- a/init/util.cpp
+++ b/init/util.cpp
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@
 // SetStdioToDevNull() must be called again in second stage init.
 void SetStdioToDevNull(char** argv) {
     // Make stdin/stdout/stderr all point to /dev/null.
-    int fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
+    int fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);  // NOLINT(android-cloexec-open)
     if (fd == -1) {
         int saved_errno = errno;
         android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger, InitAborter);
diff --git a/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp b/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp
index caf6e86..a8b43c1 100644
--- a/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp
+++ b/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp
@@ -312,12 +312,12 @@
                                     cur_page * sizeof(uint64_t));
             if (bytes != total_bytes) {
                 if (bytes == -1) {
-                    PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page data at offset "
+                    PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page data at offset 0x" << std::hex
                                 << cur_page * sizeof(uint64_t);
                 } else {
-                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page data at offset "
-                               << cur_page * sizeof(uint64_t) << " read bytes " << sizeof(uint64_t)
-                               << " expected bytes " << bytes;
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page data at offset 0x" << std::hex
+                               << cur_page * sizeof(uint64_t) << std::dec << " read bytes " << bytes
+                               << " expected bytes " << total_bytes;
                 }
                 return false;
             }
diff --git a/logcat/logcat.cpp b/logcat/logcat.cpp
index 15e07fe..6e38d95 100644
--- a/logcat/logcat.cpp
+++ b/logcat/logcat.cpp
@@ -483,7 +483,8 @@
                     "                  Additionally, 'kernel' for userdebug and eng builds, and\n"
                     "                  'security' for Device Owner installations.\n"
                     "                  Multiple -b parameters or comma separated list of buffers are\n"
-                    "                  allowed. Buffers interleaved. Default -b main,system,crash.\n"
+                    "                  allowed. Buffers interleaved.\n"
+                    "                  Default -b main,system,crash,kernel.\n"
                     "  -B, --binary    Output the log in binary.\n"
                     "  -S, --statistics                       Output statistics.\n"
                     "  -p, --prune     Print prune white and ~black list. Service is specified as\n"
@@ -1312,6 +1313,10 @@
             dev = dev->next = new log_device_t("crash", false);
             context->devCount++;
         }
+        if (android_name_to_log_id("kernel") == LOG_ID_KERNEL) {
+            dev = dev->next = new log_device_t("kernel", false);
+            context->devCount++;
+        }
     }
 
     if (!!context->logRotateSizeKBytes && !context->outputFileName) {
diff --git a/rootdir/Android.mk b/rootdir/Android.mk
index f084cd2..246f9ac 100644
--- a/rootdir/Android.mk
+++ b/rootdir/Android.mk
@@ -113,10 +113,10 @@
 else
   LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD += ; ln -sf /system/product $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/product
 endif
-ifdef BOARD_USES_PRODUCT_SERVICESIMAGE
-  LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD += ; mkdir -p $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/product_services
+ifdef BOARD_USES_SYSTEM_EXTIMAGE
+  LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD += ; mkdir -p $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/system_ext
 else
-  LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD += ; ln -sf /system/product_services $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/product_services
+  LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD += ; ln -sf /system/system_ext $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/system_ext
 endif
 ifdef BOARD_USES_METADATA_PARTITION
   LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD += ; mkdir -p $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/metadata
diff --git a/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp b/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp
index 3bc3883..bac3dc3 100644
--- a/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp
+++ b/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
         "auditctl",
         "awk",
         "bzip2",
-        "grep",
         "logwrapper",
         "mini-keyctl",
         "mkshrc",
@@ -32,7 +31,6 @@
 phony {
     name: "shell_and_utilities_recovery",
     required: [
-        "grep.recovery",
         "sh.recovery",
         "toolbox.recovery",
         "toybox.recovery",
@@ -44,7 +42,6 @@
     name: "shell_and_utilities_vendor",
     required: [
         "awk_vendor",
-        "grep_vendor",
         "logwrapper_vendor",
         "mkshrc_vendor",
         "sh_vendor",
diff --git a/toolbox/Android.bp b/toolbox/Android.bp
index 9ca5607..0cc603a 100644
--- a/toolbox/Android.bp
+++ b/toolbox/Android.bp
@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
 cc_defaults {
     name: "toolbox_defaults",
-
     cflags: [
         "-Werror",
         "-Wno-unused-parameter",
         "-Wno-unused-const-variable",
         "-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64",
-        "-DWITHOUT_NLS",
-        "-DWITHOUT_BZ2",
-        "-DWITHOUT_GZIP",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -60,39 +56,3 @@
     vendor: true,
     defaults: ["toolbox_binary_defaults"],
 }
-
-// We build BSD grep separately (but see http://b/111849261).
-cc_defaults {
-    name: "grep_common",
-    defaults: ["toolbox_defaults"],
-    srcs: [
-        "upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/fastgrep.c",
-        "upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/file.c",
-        "upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/grep.c",
-        "upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/queue.c",
-        "upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/util.c",
-    ],
-    symlinks: [
-        "egrep",
-        "fgrep",
-    ],
-    sanitize: {
-        integer_overflow: false,
-    },
-}
-
-cc_binary {
-    name: "grep",
-    defaults: ["grep_common"],
-    recovery_available: true,
-}
-
-// Build vendor grep.
-// TODO: Add vendor_available to "grep" module and remove "grep_vendor" module
-//       when vendor_available is fully supported.
-cc_binary {
-    name: "grep_vendor",
-    stem: "grep",
-    vendor: true,
-    defaults: ["grep_common"],
-}
diff --git a/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/fastgrep.c b/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/fastgrep.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 2fcd864..0000000
--- a/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/fastgrep.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,336 +0,0 @@
-/*	$OpenBSD: util.c,v 1.36 2007/10/02 17:59:18 otto Exp $	*/
-/*	$FreeBSD: head/usr.bin/grep/fastgrep.c 211496 2010-08-19 09:28:59Z des $ */
-
-/*-
- * Copyright (c) 1999 James Howard and Dag-Erling Coïdan Smørgrav
- * Copyright (C) 2008 Gabor Kovesdan <gabor@FreeBSD.org>
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
- * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
- * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
- * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
- * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
- * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-/*
- * XXX: This file is a speed up for grep to cover the defects of the
- * regex library.  These optimizations should practically be implemented
- * there keeping this code clean.  This is a future TODO, but for the
- * meantime, we need to use this workaround.
- */
-
-#if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
-#include "nbtool_config.h"
-#endif
-
-#include <sys/cdefs.h>
-__RCSID("$NetBSD: fastgrep.c,v 1.5 2011/04/18 03:27:40 joerg Exp $");
-
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <wchar.h>
-#include <wctype.h>
-
-#include "grep.h"
-
-static inline int	grep_cmp(const unsigned char *, const unsigned char *, size_t);
-static inline void	grep_revstr(unsigned char *, int);
-
-void
-fgrepcomp(fastgrep_t *fg, const char *pat)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-
-	/* Initialize. */
-	fg->len = strlen(pat);
-	fg->bol = false;
-	fg->eol = false;
-	fg->reversed = false;
-
-	fg->pattern = (unsigned char *)grep_strdup(pat);
-
-	/* Preprocess pattern. */
-	for (i = 0; i <= UCHAR_MAX; i++)
-		fg->qsBc[i] = fg->len;
-	for (i = 1; i < fg->len; i++)
-		fg->qsBc[fg->pattern[i]] = fg->len - i;
-}
-
-/*
- * Returns: -1 on failure, 0 on success
- */
-int
-fastcomp(fastgrep_t *fg, const char *pat)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-	int firstHalfDot = -1;
-	int firstLastHalfDot = -1;
-	int hasDot = 0;
-	int lastHalfDot = 0;
-	int shiftPatternLen;
-
-	/* Initialize. */
-	fg->len = strlen(pat);
-	fg->bol = false;
-	fg->eol = false;
-	fg->reversed = false;
-	fg->word = wflag;
-
-	/* Remove end-of-line character ('$'). */
-	if (fg->len > 0 && pat[fg->len - 1] == '$') {
-		fg->eol = true;
-		fg->len--;
-	}
-
-	/* Remove beginning-of-line character ('^'). */
-	if (pat[0] == '^') {
-		fg->bol = true;
-		fg->len--;
-		pat++;
-	}
-
-	if (fg->len >= 14 &&
-	    memcmp(pat, "[[:<:]]", 7) == 0 &&
-	    memcmp(pat + fg->len - 7, "[[:>:]]", 7) == 0) {
-		fg->len -= 14;
-		pat += 7;
-		/* Word boundary is handled separately in util.c */
-		fg->word = true;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * pat has been adjusted earlier to not include '^', '$' or
-	 * the word match character classes at the beginning and ending
-	 * of the string respectively.
-	 */
-	fg->pattern = grep_malloc(fg->len + 1);
-	memcpy(fg->pattern, pat, fg->len);
-	fg->pattern[fg->len] = '\0';
-
-	/* Look for ways to cheat...er...avoid the full regex engine. */
-	for (i = 0; i < fg->len; i++) {
-		/* Can still cheat? */
-		if (fg->pattern[i] == '.') {
-			hasDot = i;
-			if (i < fg->len / 2) {
-				if (firstHalfDot < 0)
-					/* Closest dot to the beginning */
-					firstHalfDot = i;
-			} else {
-				/* Closest dot to the end of the pattern. */
-				lastHalfDot = i;
-				if (firstLastHalfDot < 0)
-					firstLastHalfDot = i;
-			}
-		} else {
-			/* Free memory and let others know this is empty. */
-			free(fg->pattern);
-			fg->pattern = NULL;
-			return (-1);
-		}
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Determine if a reverse search would be faster based on the placement
-	 * of the dots.
-	 */
-	if ((!(lflag || cflag)) && ((!(fg->bol || fg->eol)) &&
-	    ((lastHalfDot) && ((firstHalfDot < 0) ||
-	    ((fg->len - (lastHalfDot + 1)) < (size_t)firstHalfDot)))) &&
-	    !oflag && !color) {
-		fg->reversed = true;
-		hasDot = fg->len - (firstHalfDot < 0 ?
-		    firstLastHalfDot : firstHalfDot) - 1;
-		grep_revstr(fg->pattern, fg->len);
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Normal Quick Search would require a shift based on the position the
-	 * next character after the comparison is within the pattern.  With
-	 * wildcards, the position of the last dot effects the maximum shift
-	 * distance.
-	 * The closer to the end the wild card is the slower the search.  A
-	 * reverse version of this algorithm would be useful for wildcards near
-	 * the end of the string.
-	 *
-	 * Examples:
-	 * Pattern	Max shift
-	 * -------	---------
-	 * this		5
-	 * .his		4
-	 * t.is		3
-	 * th.s		2
-	 * thi.		1
-	 */
-
-	/* Adjust the shift based on location of the last dot ('.'). */
-	shiftPatternLen = fg->len - hasDot;
-
-	/* Preprocess pattern. */
-	for (i = 0; i <= (signed)UCHAR_MAX; i++)
-		fg->qsBc[i] = shiftPatternLen;
-	for (i = hasDot + 1; i < fg->len; i++) {
-		fg->qsBc[fg->pattern[i]] = fg->len - i;
-	}
-
-	/*
-	 * Put pattern back to normal after pre-processing to allow for easy
-	 * comparisons later.
-	 */
-	if (fg->reversed)
-		grep_revstr(fg->pattern, fg->len);
-
-	return (0);
-}
-
-int
-grep_search(fastgrep_t *fg, const unsigned char *data, size_t len, regmatch_t *pmatch)
-{
-	unsigned int j;
-	int ret = REG_NOMATCH;
-
-	if (pmatch->rm_so == (ssize_t)len)
-		return (ret);
-
-	if (fg->bol && pmatch->rm_so != 0) {
-		pmatch->rm_so = len;
-		pmatch->rm_eo = len;
-		return (ret);
-	}
-
-	/* No point in going farther if we do not have enough data. */
-	if (len < fg->len)
-		return (ret);
-
-	/* Only try once at the beginning or ending of the line. */
-	if (fg->bol || fg->eol) {
-		/* Simple text comparison. */
-		/* Verify data is >= pattern length before searching on it. */
-		if (len >= fg->len) {
-			/* Determine where in data to start search at. */
-			j = fg->eol ? len - fg->len : 0;
-			if (!((fg->bol && fg->eol) && (len != fg->len)))
-				if (grep_cmp(fg->pattern, data + j,
-				    fg->len) == -1) {
-					pmatch->rm_so = j;
-					pmatch->rm_eo = j + fg->len;
-						ret = 0;
-				}
-		}
-	} else if (fg->reversed) {
-		/* Quick Search algorithm. */
-		j = len;
-		do {
-			if (grep_cmp(fg->pattern, data + j - fg->len,
-				fg->len) == -1) {
-				pmatch->rm_so = j - fg->len;
-				pmatch->rm_eo = j;
-				ret = 0;
-				break;
-			}
-			/* Shift if within bounds, otherwise, we are done. */
-			if (j == fg->len)
-				break;
-			j -= fg->qsBc[data[j - fg->len - 1]];
-		} while (j >= fg->len);
-	} else {
-		/* Quick Search algorithm. */
-		j = pmatch->rm_so;
-		do {
-			if (grep_cmp(fg->pattern, data + j, fg->len) == -1) {
-				pmatch->rm_so = j;
-				pmatch->rm_eo = j + fg->len;
-				ret = 0;
-				break;
-			}
-
-			/* Shift if within bounds, otherwise, we are done. */
-			if (j + fg->len == len)
-				break;
-			else
-				j += fg->qsBc[data[j + fg->len]];
-		} while (j <= (len - fg->len));
-	}
-
-	return (ret);
-}
-
-/*
- * Returns:	i >= 0 on failure (position that it failed)
- *		-1 on success
- */
-static inline int
-grep_cmp(const unsigned char *pat, const unsigned char *data, size_t len)
-{
-	size_t size;
-	wchar_t *wdata, *wpat;
-	unsigned int i;
-
-	if (iflag) {
-		if ((size = mbstowcs(NULL, (const char *)data, 0)) ==
-		    ((size_t) - 1))
-			return (-1);
-
-		wdata = grep_malloc(size * sizeof(wint_t));
-
-		if (mbstowcs(wdata, (const char *)data, size) ==
-		    ((size_t) - 1))
-			return (-1);
-
-		if ((size = mbstowcs(NULL, (const char *)pat, 0)) ==
-		    ((size_t) - 1))
-			return (-1);
-
-		wpat = grep_malloc(size * sizeof(wint_t));
-
-		if (mbstowcs(wpat, (const char *)pat, size) == ((size_t) - 1))
-			return (-1);
-		for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-			if ((towlower(wpat[i]) == towlower(wdata[i])) ||
-			    ((grepbehave != GREP_FIXED) && wpat[i] == L'.'))
-				continue;
-			free(wpat);
-			free(wdata);
-				return (i);
-		}
-	} else {
-		for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-			if ((pat[i] == data[i]) || ((grepbehave != GREP_FIXED) &&
-			    pat[i] == '.'))
-				continue;
-			return (i);
-		}
-	}
-	return (-1);
-}
-
-static inline void
-grep_revstr(unsigned char *str, int len)
-{
-	int i;
-	char c;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < len / 2; i++) {
-		c = str[i];
-		str[i] = str[len - i - 1];
-		str[len - i - 1] = c;
-	}
-}
diff --git a/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/file.c b/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/file.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 428bf58..0000000
--- a/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/file.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,276 +0,0 @@
-/*	$NetBSD: file.c,v 1.10 2018/08/12 09:03:21 christos Exp $	*/
-/*	$FreeBSD: head/usr.bin/grep/file.c 211496 2010-08-19 09:28:59Z des $	*/
-/*	$OpenBSD: file.c,v 1.11 2010/07/02 20:48:48 nicm Exp $	*/
-
-/*-
- * Copyright (c) 1999 James Howard and Dag-Erling Coïdan Smørgrav
- * Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Gabor Kovesdan <gabor@FreeBSD.org>
- * Copyright (C) 2010 Dimitry Andric <dimitry@andric.com>
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
- * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
- * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
- * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
- * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
- * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
-#include "nbtool_config.h"
-#endif
-
-#include <sys/cdefs.h>
-__RCSID("$NetBSD: file.c,v 1.10 2018/08/12 09:03:21 christos Exp $");
-
-#include <sys/param.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-
-#include <err.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <wchar.h>
-#include <wctype.h>
-
-#include "grep.h"
-
-#define	MAXBUFSIZ	(32 * 1024)
-#define	LNBUFBUMP	80
-
-#ifndef WITHOUT_GZIP
-static gzFile gzbufdesc;
-#endif
-#ifndef WITHOUT_BZ2
-static BZFILE* bzbufdesc;
-#endif
-
-static unsigned char buffer[MAXBUFSIZ + 1];
-static unsigned char *bufpos;
-static size_t bufrem;
-
-static unsigned char *lnbuf;
-static size_t lnbuflen;
-
-static inline int
-grep_refill(struct file *f)
-{
-	ssize_t nr = -1;
-	int bzerr;
-
-	bufpos = buffer;
-	bufrem = 0;
-
-#ifndef WITHOUT_GZIP
-	if (filebehave == FILE_GZIP) {
-		nr = gzread(gzbufdesc, buffer, MAXBUFSIZ);
-		if (nr == -1)
-			return -1;
-	}
-#endif
-#ifndef WITHOUT_BZ2
-	if (filebehave == FILE_BZIP && bzbufdesc != NULL) {
-		nr = BZ2_bzRead(&bzerr, bzbufdesc, buffer, MAXBUFSIZ);
-		switch (bzerr) {
-		case BZ_OK:
-		case BZ_STREAM_END:
-			/* No problem, nr will be okay */
-			break;
-		case BZ_DATA_ERROR_MAGIC:
-			/*
-			 * As opposed to gzread(), which simply returns the
-			 * plain file data, if it is not in the correct
-			 * compressed format, BZ2_bzRead() instead aborts.
-			 *
-			 * So, just restart at the beginning of the file again,
-			 * and use plain reads from now on.
-			 */
-			BZ2_bzReadClose(&bzerr, bzbufdesc);
-			bzbufdesc = NULL;
-			if (lseek(f->fd, 0, SEEK_SET) == -1)
-				return (-1);
-			nr = read(f->fd, buffer, MAXBUFSIZ);
-			break;
-		default:
-			/* Make sure we exit with an error */
-			nr = -1;
-		}
-		if (nr == -1)
-			return -1;
-	}
-#endif
-	if (nr == -1) {
-		nr = read(f->fd, buffer, MAXBUFSIZ);
-	}
-
-	if (nr < 0)
-		return (-1);
-
-	bufrem = nr;
-	return (0);
-}
-
-static inline void
-grep_lnbufgrow(size_t newlen)
-{
-
-	if (lnbuflen < newlen) {
-		lnbuf = grep_realloc(lnbuf, newlen);
-		lnbuflen = newlen;
-	}
-}
-
-char *
-grep_fgetln(struct file *f, size_t *lenp)
-{
-	unsigned char *p;
-	char *ret;
-	size_t len;
-	size_t off;
-	ptrdiff_t diff;
-
-	/* Fill the buffer, if necessary */
-	if (bufrem == 0 && grep_refill(f) != 0)
-		goto error;
-
-	if (bufrem == 0) {
-		/* Return zero length to indicate EOF */
-		*lenp = 0;
-		return ((char *)bufpos);
-	}
-
-	/* Look for a newline in the remaining part of the buffer */
-	if ((p = memchr(bufpos, line_sep, bufrem)) != NULL) {
-		++p; /* advance over newline */
-		len = p - bufpos;
-		grep_lnbufgrow(len + 1);
-		memcpy(lnbuf, bufpos, len);
-		lnbuf[len] = '\0';
-		*lenp = len;
-		bufrem -= len;
-		bufpos = p;
-		return ((char *)lnbuf);
-	}
-
-	/* We have to copy the current buffered data to the line buffer */
-	for (len = bufrem, off = 0; ; len += bufrem) {
-		/* Make sure there is room for more data */
-		grep_lnbufgrow(len + LNBUFBUMP);
-		memcpy(lnbuf + off, bufpos, len - off);
-		lnbuf[len] = '\0';
-		off = len;
-		if (grep_refill(f) != 0)
-			goto error;
-		if (bufrem == 0)
-			/* EOF: return partial line */
-			break;
-		if ((p = memchr(bufpos, line_sep, bufrem)) == NULL)
-			continue;
-		/* got it: finish up the line (like code above) */
-		++p;
-		diff = p - bufpos;
-		len += diff;
-		grep_lnbufgrow(len + 1);
-		memcpy(lnbuf + off, bufpos, diff);
-		lnbuf[off + diff] = '\0';
-		bufrem -= diff;
-		bufpos = p;
-		break;
-	}
-	*lenp = len;
-	return ((char *)lnbuf);
-
-error:
-	*lenp = 0;
-	return (NULL);
-}
-
-static inline struct file *
-grep_file_init(struct file *f)
-{
-
-#ifndef WITHOUT_GZIP
-	if (filebehave == FILE_GZIP &&
-	    (gzbufdesc = gzdopen(f->fd, "r")) == NULL)
-		goto error;
-#endif
-
-#ifndef WITHOUT_BZ2
-	if (filebehave == FILE_BZIP &&
-	    (bzbufdesc = BZ2_bzdopen(f->fd, "r")) == NULL)
-		goto error;
-#endif
-
-	/* Fill read buffer, also catches errors early */
-	if (grep_refill(f) != 0)
-		goto error;
-
-	/* Check for binary stuff, if necessary */
-	if (!nulldataflag && binbehave != BINFILE_TEXT &&
-	    memchr(bufpos, '\0', bufrem) != NULL)
-		f->binary = true;
-
-	return (f);
-error:
-	close(f->fd);
-	free(f);
-	return (NULL);
-}
-
-/*
- * Opens a file for processing.
- */
-struct file *
-grep_open(const char *path)
-{
-	struct file *f;
-
-	f = grep_malloc(sizeof *f);
-	memset(f, 0, sizeof *f);
-	if (path == NULL) {
-		/* Processing stdin implies --line-buffered. */
-		lbflag = true;
-		f->fd = STDIN_FILENO;
-	} else if ((f->fd = open(path, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
-		free(f);
-		return (NULL);
-	}
-
-	return (grep_file_init(f));
-}
-
-/*
- * Closes a file.
- */
-void
-grep_close(struct file *f)
-{
-
-	close(f->fd);
-
-	/* Reset read buffer and line buffer */
-	bufpos = buffer;
-	bufrem = 0;
-
-	free(lnbuf);
-	lnbuf = NULL;
-	lnbuflen = 0;
-}
diff --git a/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/grep.c b/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/grep.c
deleted file mode 100644
index bad2a73..0000000
--- a/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/grep.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,722 +0,0 @@
-/*	$NetBSD: grep.c,v 1.15 2018/08/12 09:03:21 christos Exp $	*/
-/* 	$FreeBSD: head/usr.bin/grep/grep.c 211519 2010-08-19 22:55:17Z delphij $	*/
-/*	$OpenBSD: grep.c,v 1.42 2010/07/02 22:18:03 tedu Exp $	*/
-
-/*-
- * Copyright (c) 1999 James Howard and Dag-Erling Coïdan Smørgrav
- * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Gabor Kovesdan <gabor@FreeBSD.org>
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
- * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
- * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
- * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
- * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
- * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
-#include "nbtool_config.h"
-#endif
-
-#include <sys/cdefs.h>
-__RCSID("$NetBSD: grep.c,v 1.15 2018/08/12 09:03:21 christos Exp $");
-
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <err.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <getopt.h>
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <libgen.h>
-#include <locale.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include "grep.h"
-
-#ifndef WITHOUT_NLS
-#include <nl_types.h>
-nl_catd	 catalog;
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Default messags to use when NLS is disabled or no catalogue
- * is found.
- */
-const char	*errstr[] = {
-	"",
-/* 1*/	"(standard input)",
-/* 2*/	"cannot read bzip2 compressed file",
-/* 3*/	"unknown %s option",
-/* 4*/	"usage: %s [-abcDEFGHhIiJLlmnOoPqRSsUVvwxZz] [-A num] [-B num] [-C[num]]\n",
-/* 5*/	"\t[-e pattern] [-f file] [--binary-files=value] [--color=when]\n",
-/* 6*/	"\t[--context[=num]] [--directories=action] [--label] [--line-buffered]\n",
-/* 7*/	"\t[pattern] [file ...]\n",
-/* 8*/	"Binary file %s matches\n",
-/* 9*/	"%s (BSD grep) %s\n",
-};
-
-/* Flags passed to regcomp() and regexec() */
-int		 cflags = 0;
-int		 eflags = REG_STARTEND;
-
-/* Searching patterns */
-unsigned int	 patterns, pattern_sz;
-char		**pattern;
-regex_t		*r_pattern;
-fastgrep_t	*fg_pattern;
-
-/* Filename exclusion/inclusion patterns */
-unsigned int	 fpatterns, fpattern_sz;
-unsigned int	 dpatterns, dpattern_sz;
-struct epat	*dpattern, *fpattern;
-
-/* For regex errors  */
-char	 re_error[RE_ERROR_BUF + 1];
-
-/* Command-line flags */
-unsigned long long Aflag;	/* -A x: print x lines trailing each match */
-unsigned long long Bflag;	/* -B x: print x lines leading each match */
-bool	 Hflag;		/* -H: always print file name */
-bool	 Lflag;		/* -L: only show names of files with no matches */
-bool	 bflag;		/* -b: show block numbers for each match */
-bool	 cflag;		/* -c: only show a count of matching lines */
-bool	 hflag;		/* -h: don't print filename headers */
-bool	 iflag;		/* -i: ignore case */
-bool	 lflag;		/* -l: only show names of files with matches */
-bool	 mflag;		/* -m x: stop reading the files after x matches */
-unsigned long long mcount;	/* count for -m */
-bool	 nflag;		/* -n: show line numbers in front of matching lines */
-bool	 oflag;		/* -o: print only matching part */
-bool	 qflag;		/* -q: quiet mode (don't output anything) */
-bool	 sflag;		/* -s: silent mode (ignore errors) */
-bool	 vflag;		/* -v: only show non-matching lines */
-bool	 wflag;		/* -w: pattern must start and end on word boundaries */
-bool	 xflag;		/* -x: pattern must match entire line */
-bool	 lbflag;	/* --line-buffered */
-bool	 nullflag;	/* --null */
-bool	 nulldataflag;	/* --null-data */
-unsigned char line_sep = '\n';	/* 0 for --null-data */
-char	*label;		/* --label */
-const char *color;	/* --color */
-int	 grepbehave = GREP_BASIC;	/* -EFGP: type of the regex */
-int	 binbehave = BINFILE_BIN;	/* -aIU: handling of binary files */
-int	 filebehave = FILE_STDIO;	/* -JZ: normal, gzip or bzip2 file */
-int	 devbehave = DEV_READ;		/* -D: handling of devices */
-int	 dirbehave = DIR_READ;		/* -dRr: handling of directories */
-int	 linkbehave = LINK_READ;	/* -OpS: handling of symlinks */
-
-bool	 dexclude, dinclude;	/* --exclude-dir and --include-dir */
-bool	 fexclude, finclude;	/* --exclude and --include */
-
-enum {
-	BIN_OPT = CHAR_MAX + 1,
-	COLOR_OPT,
-	DECOMPRESS_OPT,
-	HELP_OPT,
-	MMAP_OPT,
-	LINEBUF_OPT,
-	LABEL_OPT,
-	R_EXCLUDE_OPT,
-	R_INCLUDE_OPT,
-	R_DEXCLUDE_OPT,
-	R_DINCLUDE_OPT
-};
-
-static inline const char	*init_color(const char *);
-
-/* Housekeeping */
-int	 tail;		/* lines left to print */
-bool	 notfound;	/* file not found */
-
-extern char	*__progname;
-
-/*
- * Prints usage information and returns 2.
- */
-__dead static void
-usage(void)
-{
-	fprintf(stderr, getstr(4), __progname);
-	fprintf(stderr, "%s", getstr(5));
-	fprintf(stderr, "%s", getstr(6));
-	fprintf(stderr, "%s", getstr(7));
-	exit(2);
-}
-
-static const char optstr[] =
-    "0123456789A:B:C:D:EFGHIJLOPSRUVZabcd:e:f:hilm:nopqrsuvwxyz";
-
-struct option long_options[] =
-{
-	{"binary-files",	required_argument,	NULL, BIN_OPT},
-#ifndef WITHOUT_GZIP
-	{"decompress",          no_argument,            NULL, DECOMPRESS_OPT},
-#endif
-	{"help",		no_argument,		NULL, HELP_OPT},
-	{"mmap",		no_argument,		NULL, MMAP_OPT},
-	{"line-buffered",	no_argument,		NULL, LINEBUF_OPT},
-	{"label",		required_argument,	NULL, LABEL_OPT},
-	{"color",		optional_argument,	NULL, COLOR_OPT},
-	{"colour",		optional_argument,	NULL, COLOR_OPT},
-	{"exclude",		required_argument,	NULL, R_EXCLUDE_OPT},
-	{"include",		required_argument,	NULL, R_INCLUDE_OPT},
-	{"exclude-dir",		required_argument,	NULL, R_DEXCLUDE_OPT},
-	{"include-dir",		required_argument,	NULL, R_DINCLUDE_OPT},
-	{"after-context",	required_argument,	NULL, 'A'},
-	{"text",		no_argument,		NULL, 'a'},
-	{"before-context",	required_argument,	NULL, 'B'},
-	{"byte-offset",		no_argument,		NULL, 'b'},
-	{"context",		optional_argument,	NULL, 'C'},
-	{"count",		no_argument,		NULL, 'c'},
-	{"devices",		required_argument,	NULL, 'D'},
-        {"directories",		required_argument,	NULL, 'd'},
-	{"extended-regexp",	no_argument,		NULL, 'E'},
-	{"regexp",		required_argument,	NULL, 'e'},
-	{"fixed-strings",	no_argument,		NULL, 'F'},
-	{"file",		required_argument,	NULL, 'f'},
-	{"basic-regexp",	no_argument,		NULL, 'G'},
-	{"no-filename",		no_argument,		NULL, 'h'},
-	{"with-filename",	no_argument,		NULL, 'H'},
-	{"ignore-case",		no_argument,		NULL, 'i'},
-#ifndef WITHOUT_BZ2
-	{"bz2decompress",	no_argument,		NULL, 'J'},
-#endif
-	{"files-with-matches",	no_argument,		NULL, 'l'},
-	{"files-without-match", no_argument,            NULL, 'L'},
-	{"max-count",		required_argument,	NULL, 'm'},
-	{"line-number",		no_argument,		NULL, 'n'},
-	{"only-matching",	no_argument,		NULL, 'o'},
-	{"quiet",		no_argument,		NULL, 'q'},
-	{"silent",		no_argument,		NULL, 'q'},
-	{"recursive",		no_argument,		NULL, 'r'},
-	{"no-messages",		no_argument,		NULL, 's'},
-	{"binary",		no_argument,		NULL, 'U'},
-	{"unix-byte-offsets",	no_argument,		NULL, 'u'},
-	{"invert-match",	no_argument,		NULL, 'v'},
-	{"version",		no_argument,		NULL, 'V'},
-	{"word-regexp",		no_argument,		NULL, 'w'},
-	{"line-regexp",		no_argument,		NULL, 'x'},
-	{"null",		no_argument,		NULL, 'Z'},
-	{"null-data",		no_argument,		NULL, 'z'},
-	{NULL,			no_argument,		NULL, 0}
-};
-
-/*
- * Adds a searching pattern to the internal array.
- */
-static void
-add_pattern(char *pat, size_t len)
-{
-
-	/* TODO: Check for empty patterns and shortcut */
-
-	/* Increase size if necessary */
-	if (patterns == pattern_sz) {
-		pattern_sz *= 2;
-		pattern = grep_realloc(pattern, ++pattern_sz *
-		    sizeof(*pattern));
-	}
-	if (len > 0 && pat[len - 1] == '\n')
-		--len;
-	/* pat may not be NUL-terminated */
-	pattern[patterns] = grep_malloc(len + 1);
-	memcpy(pattern[patterns], pat, len);
-	pattern[patterns][len] = '\0';
-	++patterns;
-}
-
-/*
- * Adds a file include/exclude pattern to the internal array.
- */
-static void
-add_fpattern(const char *pat, int mode)
-{
-
-	/* Increase size if necessary */
-	if (fpatterns == fpattern_sz) {
-		fpattern_sz *= 2;
-		fpattern = grep_realloc(fpattern, ++fpattern_sz *
-		    sizeof(struct epat));
-	}
-	fpattern[fpatterns].pat = grep_strdup(pat);
-	fpattern[fpatterns].mode = mode;
-	++fpatterns;
-}
-
-/*
- * Adds a directory include/exclude pattern to the internal array.
- */
-static void
-add_dpattern(const char *pat, int mode)
-{
-
-	/* Increase size if necessary */
-	if (dpatterns == dpattern_sz) {
-		dpattern_sz *= 2;
-		dpattern = grep_realloc(dpattern, ++dpattern_sz *
-		    sizeof(struct epat));
-	}
-	dpattern[dpatterns].pat = grep_strdup(pat);
-	dpattern[dpatterns].mode = mode;
-	++dpatterns;
-}
-
-/*
- * Reads searching patterns from a file and adds them with add_pattern().
- */
-static void
-read_patterns(const char *fn)
-{
-	FILE *f;
-	char *line;
-	size_t len;
-	ssize_t rlen;
-
-	if ((f = fopen(fn, "r")) == NULL)
-		err(2, "%s", fn);
-	line = NULL;
-	len = 0;
-	while ((rlen = getline(&line, &len, f)) != -1)
-		add_pattern(line, *line == '\n' ? 0 : (size_t)rlen);
-	free(line);
-	if (ferror(f))
-		err(2, "%s", fn);
-	fclose(f);
-}
-
-static inline const char *
-init_color(const char *d)
-{
-	char *c;
-
-	c = getenv("GREP_COLOR");
-	return (c != NULL ? c : d);
-}
-
-int
-main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-	char **aargv, **eargv, *eopts;
-	char *ep;
-	unsigned long long l;
-	unsigned int aargc, eargc, i, j;
-	int c, lastc, needpattern, newarg, prevoptind;
-
-	setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
-
-#ifndef WITHOUT_NLS
-	catalog = catopen("grep", NL_CAT_LOCALE);
-#endif
-
-	/* Check what is the program name of the binary.  In this
-	   way we can have all the funcionalities in one binary
-	   without the need of scripting and using ugly hacks. */
-	switch (__progname[0]) {
-	case 'e':
-		grepbehave = GREP_EXTENDED;
-		break;
-	case 'f':
-		grepbehave = GREP_FIXED;
-		break;
-	case 'g':
-		grepbehave = GREP_BASIC;
-		break;
-#ifndef WITHOUT_GZIP
-	case 'z':
-		filebehave = FILE_GZIP;
-		switch(__progname[1]) {
-		case 'e':
-			grepbehave = GREP_EXTENDED;
-			break;
-		case 'f':
-			grepbehave = GREP_FIXED;
-			break;
-		case 'g':
-			grepbehave = GREP_BASIC;
-			break;
-		}
-		break;
-#endif
-	}
-
-	lastc = '\0';
-	newarg = 1;
-	prevoptind = 1;
-	needpattern = 1;
-
-	eopts = getenv("GREP_OPTIONS");
-
-	/* support for extra arguments in GREP_OPTIONS */
-	eargc = 0;
-	if (eopts != NULL) {
-		char *str;
-
-		/* make an estimation of how many extra arguments we have */
-		for (j = 0; j < strlen(eopts); j++)
-			if (eopts[j] == ' ')
-				eargc++;
-
-		eargv = (char **)grep_malloc(sizeof(char *) * (eargc + 1));
-
-		eargc = 0;
-		/* parse extra arguments */
-		while ((str = strsep(&eopts, " ")) != NULL)
-			eargv[eargc++] = grep_strdup(str);
-
-		aargv = (char **)grep_calloc(eargc + argc + 1,
-		    sizeof(char *));
-
-		aargv[0] = argv[0];
-		for (i = 0; i < eargc; i++)
-			aargv[i + 1] = eargv[i];
-		for (j = 1; j < (unsigned int)argc; j++, i++)
-			aargv[i + 1] = argv[j];
-
-		aargc = eargc + argc;
-	} else {
-		aargv = argv;
-		aargc = argc;
-	}
-
-	while (((c = getopt_long(aargc, aargv, optstr, long_options, NULL)) !=
-	    -1)) {
-		switch (c) {
-		case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
-		case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
-			if (newarg || !isdigit(lastc))
-				Aflag = 0;
-			else if (Aflag > LLONG_MAX / 10) {
-				errno = ERANGE;
-				err(2, NULL);
-			}
-			Aflag = Bflag = (Aflag * 10) + (c - '0');
-			break;
-		case 'C':
-			if (optarg == NULL) {
-				Aflag = Bflag = 2;
-				break;
-			}
-			/* FALLTHROUGH */
-		case 'A':
-			/* FALLTHROUGH */
-		case 'B':
-			errno = 0;
-			l = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10);
-			if (((errno == ERANGE) && (l == ULLONG_MAX)) ||
-			    ((errno == EINVAL) && (l == 0)))
-				err(2, NULL);
-			else if (ep[0] != '\0') {
-				errno = EINVAL;
-				err(2, NULL);
-			}
-			if (c == 'A')
-				Aflag = l;
-			else if (c == 'B')
-				Bflag = l;
-			else
-				Aflag = Bflag = l;
-			break;
-		case 'a':
-			binbehave = BINFILE_TEXT;
-			break;
-		case 'b':
-			bflag = true;
-			break;
-		case 'c':
-			cflag = true;
-			break;
-		case 'D':
-			if (strcasecmp(optarg, "skip") == 0)
-				devbehave = DEV_SKIP;
-			else if (strcasecmp(optarg, "read") == 0)
-				devbehave = DEV_READ;
-			else
-				errx(2, getstr(3), "--devices");
-			break;
-		case 'd':
-			if (strcasecmp("recurse", optarg) == 0) {
-				Hflag = true;
-				dirbehave = DIR_RECURSE;
-			} else if (strcasecmp("skip", optarg) == 0)
-				dirbehave = DIR_SKIP;
-			else if (strcasecmp("read", optarg) == 0)
-				dirbehave = DIR_READ;
-			else
-				errx(2, getstr(3), "--directories");
-			break;
-		case 'E':
-			grepbehave = GREP_EXTENDED;
-			break;
-		case 'e':
-			add_pattern(optarg, strlen(optarg));
-			needpattern = 0;
-			break;
-		case 'F':
-			grepbehave = GREP_FIXED;
-			break;
-		case 'f':
-			read_patterns(optarg);
-			needpattern = 0;
-			break;
-		case 'G':
-			grepbehave = GREP_BASIC;
-			break;
-		case 'H':
-			Hflag = true;
-			break;
-		case 'h':
-			Hflag = false;
-			hflag = true;
-			break;
-		case 'I':
-			binbehave = BINFILE_SKIP;
-			break;
-		case 'i':
-		case 'y':
-			iflag =  true;
-			cflags |= REG_ICASE;
-			break;
-#ifndef WITHOUT_BZ2
-		case 'J':
-			filebehave = FILE_BZIP;
-			break;
-#endif
-		case 'L':
-			lflag = false;
-			Lflag = true;
-			break;
-		case 'l':
-			Lflag = false;
-			lflag = true;
-			break;
-		case 'm':
-			mflag = true;
-			errno = 0;
-			mcount = strtoull(optarg, &ep, 10);
-			if (((errno == ERANGE) && (mcount == ULLONG_MAX)) ||
-			    ((errno == EINVAL) && (mcount == 0)))
-				err(2, NULL);
-			else if (ep[0] != '\0') {
-				errno = EINVAL;
-				err(2, NULL);
-			}
-			break;
-		case 'n':
-			nflag = true;
-			break;
-		case 'O':
-			linkbehave = LINK_EXPLICIT;
-			break;
-		case 'o':
-			oflag = true;
-			break;
-		case 'p':
-			linkbehave = LINK_SKIP;
-			break;
-		case 'q':
-			qflag = true;
-			break;
-		case 'S':
-			linkbehave = LINK_READ;
-			break;
-		case 'R':
-		case 'r':
-			dirbehave = DIR_RECURSE;
-			Hflag = true;
-			break;
-		case 's':
-			sflag = true;
-			break;
-		case 'U':
-			binbehave = BINFILE_BIN;
-			break;
-		case 'u':
-		case MMAP_OPT:
-			/* noop, compatibility */
-			break;
-		case 'V':
-			printf(getstr(9), __progname, VERSION);
-			exit(0);
-		case 'v':
-			vflag = true;
-			break;
-		case 'w':
-			wflag = true;
-			break;
-		case 'x':
-			xflag = true;
-			break;
-		case 'Z':
-			nullflag = true;
-			break;
-		case 'z':
-			nulldataflag = true;
-			line_sep = '\0';
-			break;
-		case BIN_OPT:
-			if (strcasecmp("binary", optarg) == 0)
-				binbehave = BINFILE_BIN;
-			else if (strcasecmp("without-match", optarg) == 0)
-				binbehave = BINFILE_SKIP;
-			else if (strcasecmp("text", optarg) == 0)
-				binbehave = BINFILE_TEXT;
-			else
-				errx(2, getstr(3), "--binary-files");
-			break;
-		case COLOR_OPT:
-			color = NULL;
-			if (optarg == NULL || strcasecmp("auto", optarg) == 0 ||
-			    strcasecmp("tty", optarg) == 0 ||
-			    strcasecmp("if-tty", optarg) == 0) {
-				char *term;
-
-				term = getenv("TERM");
-				if (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) && term != NULL &&
-				    strcasecmp(term, "dumb") != 0)
-					color = init_color("01;31");
-			} else if (strcasecmp("always", optarg) == 0 ||
-			    strcasecmp("yes", optarg) == 0 ||
-			    strcasecmp("force", optarg) == 0) {
-				color = init_color("01;31");
-			} else if (strcasecmp("never", optarg) != 0 &&
-			    strcasecmp("none", optarg) != 0 &&
-			    strcasecmp("no", optarg) != 0)
-				errx(2, getstr(3), "--color");
-			break;
-#ifndef WITHOUT_GZIP
-		case DECOMPRESS_OPT:
-			filebehave = FILE_GZIP;
-			break;
-#endif
-		case LABEL_OPT:
-			label = optarg;
-			break;
-		case LINEBUF_OPT:
-			lbflag = true;
-			break;
-		case R_INCLUDE_OPT:
-			finclude = true;
-			add_fpattern(optarg, INCL_PAT);
-			break;
-		case R_EXCLUDE_OPT:
-			fexclude = true;
-			add_fpattern(optarg, EXCL_PAT);
-			break;
-		case R_DINCLUDE_OPT:
-			dinclude = true;
-			add_dpattern(optarg, INCL_PAT);
-			break;
-		case R_DEXCLUDE_OPT:
-			dexclude = true;
-			add_dpattern(optarg, EXCL_PAT);
-			break;
-		case HELP_OPT:
-		default:
-			usage();
-		}
-		lastc = c;
-		newarg = optind != prevoptind;
-		prevoptind = optind;
-	}
-	aargc -= optind;
-	aargv += optind;
-
-	/* Fail if we don't have any pattern */
-	if (aargc == 0 && needpattern)
-		usage();
-
-	/* Process patterns from command line */
-	if (aargc != 0 && needpattern) {
-		add_pattern(*aargv, strlen(*aargv));
-		--aargc;
-		++aargv;
-	}
-
-	switch (grepbehave) {
-	case GREP_FIXED:
-	case GREP_BASIC:
-		break;
-	case GREP_EXTENDED:
-		cflags |= REG_EXTENDED;
-		break;
-	default:
-		/* NOTREACHED */
-		usage();
-	}
-
-	fg_pattern = grep_calloc(patterns, sizeof(*fg_pattern));
-	r_pattern = grep_calloc(patterns, sizeof(*r_pattern));
-/*
- * XXX: fgrepcomp() and fastcomp() are workarounds for regexec() performance.
- * Optimizations should be done there.
- */
-		/* Check if cheating is allowed (always is for fgrep). */
-	if (grepbehave == GREP_FIXED) {
-		for (i = 0; i < patterns; ++i)
-			fgrepcomp(&fg_pattern[i], pattern[i]);
-	} else {
-		for (i = 0; i < patterns; ++i) {
-			if (fastcomp(&fg_pattern[i], pattern[i])) {
-				/* Fall back to full regex library */
-				c = regcomp(&r_pattern[i], pattern[i], cflags);
-				if (c != 0) {
-					regerror(c, &r_pattern[i], re_error,
-					    RE_ERROR_BUF);
-					errx(2, "%s", re_error);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (lbflag) {
-#ifdef _IOLBF
-		setvbuf(stdout, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
-#else
-		setlinebuf(stdout);
-#endif
-	}
-
-	if ((aargc == 0 || aargc == 1) && !Hflag)
-		hflag = true;
-
-	if (aargc == 0)
-		exit(!procfile("-"));
-
-	if (dirbehave == DIR_RECURSE)
-		c = grep_tree(aargv);
-	else
-		for (c = 0; aargc--; ++aargv) {
-			if ((finclude || fexclude) && !file_matching(*aargv))
-				continue;
-			c+= procfile(*aargv);
-		}
-
-#ifndef WITHOUT_NLS
-	catclose(catalog);
-#endif
-
-	/* Find out the correct return value according to the
-	   results and the command line option. */
-	exit(c ? (notfound ? (qflag ? 0 : 2) : 0) : (notfound ? 2 : 1));
-}
diff --git a/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/grep.h b/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/grep.h
deleted file mode 100644
index b7ef7fa..0000000
--- a/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/grep.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-/*	$NetBSD: grep.h,v 1.10 2018/08/12 09:03:21 christos Exp $	*/
-/*	$OpenBSD: grep.h,v 1.15 2010/04/05 03:03:55 tedu Exp $	*/
-/*	$FreeBSD: head/usr.bin/grep/grep.h 211496 2010-08-19 09:28:59Z des $	*/
-
-/*-
- * Copyright (c) 1999 James Howard and Dag-Erling Coïdan Smørgrav
- * Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Gabor Kovesdan <gabor@FreeBSD.org>
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
- * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
- * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
- * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
- * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
- * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#ifndef WITHOUT_BZ2
-#include <bzlib.h>
-#endif
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <regex.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#ifndef WITHOUT_GZIP
-#include <zlib.h>
-#endif
-
-#ifdef WITHOUT_NLS
-#define getstr(n)	 errstr[n]
-#else
-#include <nl_types.h>
-
-extern nl_catd		 catalog;
-#define getstr(n)	 catgets(catalog, 1, n, errstr[n])
-#endif
-
-extern const char		*errstr[];
-
-#define VERSION		"2.5.1-FreeBSD"
-
-#define GREP_FIXED	0
-#define GREP_BASIC	1
-#define GREP_EXTENDED	2
-
-#define BINFILE_BIN	0
-#define BINFILE_SKIP	1
-#define BINFILE_TEXT	2
-
-#define FILE_STDIO	0
-#define FILE_GZIP	1
-#define FILE_BZIP	2
-
-#define DIR_READ	0
-#define DIR_SKIP	1
-#define DIR_RECURSE	2
-
-#define DEV_READ	0
-#define DEV_SKIP	1
-
-#define LINK_READ	0
-#define LINK_EXPLICIT	1
-#define LINK_SKIP	2
-
-#define EXCL_PAT	0
-#define INCL_PAT	1
-
-#define MAX_LINE_MATCHES	32
-
-struct file {
-	int		 fd;
-	bool		 binary;
-};
-
-struct str {
-	off_t		 off;
-	size_t		 len;
-	char		*dat;
-	char		*file;
-	int		 line_no;
-};
-
-struct epat {
-	char		*pat;
-	int		 mode;
-};
-
-typedef struct {
-	size_t		 len;
-	unsigned char	*pattern;
-	int		 qsBc[UCHAR_MAX + 1];
-	/* flags */
-	bool		 bol;
-	bool		 eol;
-	bool		 reversed;
-	bool		 word;
-} fastgrep_t;
-
-/* Flags passed to regcomp() and regexec() */
-extern int	 cflags, eflags;
-
-/* Command line flags */
-extern bool	 Eflag, Fflag, Gflag, Hflag, Lflag,
-		 bflag, cflag, hflag, iflag, lflag, mflag, nflag, oflag,
-		 qflag, sflag, vflag, wflag, xflag;
-extern bool	 dexclude, dinclude, fexclude, finclude, lbflag, nullflag, nulldataflag;
-extern unsigned char line_sep;
-extern unsigned long long Aflag, Bflag, mcount;
-extern char	*label;
-extern const char *color;
-extern int	 binbehave, devbehave, dirbehave, filebehave, grepbehave, linkbehave;
-
-extern bool	 notfound;
-extern int	 tail;
-extern unsigned int dpatterns, fpatterns, patterns;
-extern char    **pattern;
-extern struct epat *dpattern, *fpattern;
-extern regex_t	*er_pattern, *r_pattern;
-extern fastgrep_t *fg_pattern;
-
-/* For regex errors  */
-#define RE_ERROR_BUF	512
-extern char	 re_error[RE_ERROR_BUF + 1];	/* Seems big enough */
-
-/* util.c */
-bool	 file_matching(const char *fname);
-int	 procfile(const char *fn);
-int	 grep_tree(char **argv);
-void	*grep_malloc(size_t size);
-void	*grep_calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);
-void	*grep_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size);
-char	*grep_strdup(const char *str);
-void	 printline(struct str *line, int sep, regmatch_t *matches, int m);
-
-/* queue.c */
-void	 enqueue(struct str *x);
-void	 printqueue(void);
-void	 clearqueue(void);
-
-/* file.c */
-void		 grep_close(struct file *f);
-struct file	*grep_open(const char *path);
-char		*grep_fgetln(struct file *f, size_t *len);
-
-/* fastgrep.c */
-int		 fastcomp(fastgrep_t *, const char *);
-void		 fgrepcomp(fastgrep_t *, const char *);
-int		 grep_search(fastgrep_t *, const unsigned char *, size_t, regmatch_t *);
diff --git a/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/queue.c b/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/queue.c
deleted file mode 100644
index e3c6be1..0000000
--- a/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/queue.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-/*	$NetBSD: queue.c,v 1.5 2011/08/31 16:24:57 plunky Exp $	*/
-/*	$FreeBSD: head/usr.bin/grep/queue.c 211496 2010-08-19 09:28:59Z des $	*/
-/*-
- * Copyright (c) 1999 James Howard and Dag-Erling Coïdan Smørgrav
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
- * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
- * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
- * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
- * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
- * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-/*
- * A really poor man's queue.  It does only what it has to and gets out of
- * Dodge.  It is used in place of <sys/queue.h> to get a better performance.
- */
-
-#if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
-#include "nbtool_config.h"
-#endif
-
-#include <sys/cdefs.h>
-__RCSID("$NetBSD: queue.c,v 1.5 2011/08/31 16:24:57 plunky Exp $");
-
-#include <sys/param.h>
-#include <sys/queue.h>
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include "grep.h"
-
-struct qentry {
-	STAILQ_ENTRY(qentry)	list;
-	struct str	 	data;
-};
-
-static STAILQ_HEAD(, qentry)	queue = STAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(queue);
-static unsigned long long	count;
-
-static struct qentry	*dequeue(void);
-
-void
-enqueue(struct str *x)
-{
-	struct qentry *item;
-
-	item = grep_malloc(sizeof(struct qentry));
-	item->data.dat = grep_malloc(sizeof(char) * x->len);
-	item->data.len = x->len;
-	item->data.line_no = x->line_no;
-	item->data.off = x->off;
-	memcpy(item->data.dat, x->dat, x->len);
-	item->data.file = x->file;
-
-	STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&queue, item, list);
-
-	if (++count > Bflag) {
-		item = dequeue();
-		free(item->data.dat);
-		free(item);
-	}
-}
-
-static struct qentry *
-dequeue(void)
-{
-	struct qentry *item;
-
-	item = STAILQ_FIRST(&queue);
-	if (item == NULL)
-		return (NULL);
-
-	STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&queue, list);
-	--count;
-	return (item);
-}
-
-void
-printqueue(void)
-{
-	struct qentry *item;
-
-	while ((item = dequeue()) != NULL) {
-		printline(&item->data, '-', NULL, 0);
-		free(item->data.dat);
-		free(item);
-	}
-}
-
-void
-clearqueue(void)
-{
-	struct qentry *item;
-
-	while ((item = dequeue()) != NULL) {
-		free(item->data.dat);
-		free(item);
-	}
-}
diff --git a/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/util.c b/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/util.c
deleted file mode 100644
index a3c9e4c..0000000
--- a/toolbox/upstream-netbsd/usr.bin/grep/util.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,500 +0,0 @@
-/*	$NetBSD: util.c,v 1.19 2018/02/05 22:14:26 mrg Exp $	*/
-/*	$FreeBSD: head/usr.bin/grep/util.c 211496 2010-08-19 09:28:59Z des $	*/
-/*	$OpenBSD: util.c,v 1.39 2010/07/02 22:18:03 tedu Exp $	*/
-
-/*-
- * Copyright (c) 1999 James Howard and Dag-Erling Coïdan Smørgrav
- * Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Gabor Kovesdan <gabor@FreeBSD.org>
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
- * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
- * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
- * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
- * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
- * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#if HAVE_NBTOOL_CONFIG_H
-#include "nbtool_config.h"
-#endif
-
-#include <sys/cdefs.h>
-__RCSID("$NetBSD: util.c,v 1.19 2018/02/05 22:14:26 mrg Exp $");
-
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <err.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fnmatch.h>
-#include <fts.h>
-#include <libgen.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <wchar.h>
-#include <wctype.h>
-
-#include "grep.h"
-
-static bool	 first, first_global = true;
-static unsigned long long since_printed;
-
-static int	 procline(struct str *l, int);
-
-bool
-file_matching(const char *fname)
-{
-	char *fname_base, *fname_copy;
-	unsigned int i;
-	bool ret;
-
-	ret = finclude ? false : true;
-	fname_copy = grep_strdup(fname);
-	fname_base = basename(fname_copy);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < fpatterns; ++i) {
-		if (fnmatch(fpattern[i].pat, fname, 0) == 0 ||
-		    fnmatch(fpattern[i].pat, fname_base, 0) == 0) {
-			if (fpattern[i].mode == EXCL_PAT) {
-				free(fname_copy);
-				return (false);
-			} else
-				ret = true;
-		}
-	}
-	free(fname_copy);
-	return (ret);
-}
-
-static inline bool
-dir_matching(const char *dname)
-{
-	unsigned int i;
-	bool ret;
-
-	ret = dinclude ? false : true;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < dpatterns; ++i) {
-		if (dname != NULL &&
-		    fnmatch(dname, dpattern[i].pat, 0) == 0) {
-			if (dpattern[i].mode == EXCL_PAT)
-				return (false);
-			else
-				ret = true;
-		}
-	}
-	return (ret);
-}
-
-/*
- * Processes a directory when a recursive search is performed with
- * the -R option.  Each appropriate file is passed to procfile().
- */
-int
-grep_tree(char **argv)
-{
-	FTS *fts;
-	FTSENT *p;
-	char *d, *dir = NULL;
-	int c, fts_flags;
-	bool ok;
-
-	c = fts_flags = 0;
-
-	switch(linkbehave) {
-	case LINK_EXPLICIT:
-		fts_flags = FTS_COMFOLLOW;
-		break;
-	case LINK_SKIP:
-		fts_flags = FTS_PHYSICAL;
-		break;
-	default:
-		fts_flags = FTS_LOGICAL;
-			
-	}
-
-	fts_flags |= FTS_NOSTAT | FTS_NOCHDIR;
-
-	if (!(fts = fts_open(argv, fts_flags, NULL)))
-		err(2, "fts_open");
-	while ((p = fts_read(fts)) != NULL) {
-		switch (p->fts_info) {
-		case FTS_DNR:
-			/* FALLTHROUGH */
-		case FTS_ERR:
-			errx(2, "%s: %s", p->fts_path, strerror(p->fts_errno));
-			break;
-		case FTS_D:
-			/* FALLTHROUGH */
-		case FTS_DP:
-			break;
-		case FTS_DC:
-			/* Print a warning for recursive directory loop */
-			warnx("warning: %s: recursive directory loop",
-				p->fts_path);
-			break;
-		default:
-			/* Check for file exclusion/inclusion */
-			ok = true;
-			if (dexclude || dinclude) {
-				if ((d = strrchr(p->fts_path, '/')) != NULL) {
-					dir = grep_malloc(sizeof(char) *
-					    (d - p->fts_path + 1));
-					memcpy(dir, p->fts_path,
-					    d - p->fts_path);
-					dir[d - p->fts_path] = '\0';
-				}
-				ok = dir_matching(dir);
-				free(dir);
-				dir = NULL;
-			}
-			if (fexclude || finclude)
-				ok &= file_matching(p->fts_path);
-
-			if (ok)
-				c += procfile(p->fts_path);
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-
-	fts_close(fts);
-	return (c);
-}
-
-/*
- * Opens a file and processes it.  Each file is processed line-by-line
- * passing the lines to procline().
- */
-int
-procfile(const char *fn)
-{
-	struct file *f;
-	struct stat sb;
-	struct str ln;
-	mode_t s;
-	int c, t;
-
-	if (mflag && (mcount <= 0))
-		return (0);
-
-	if (strcmp(fn, "-") == 0) {
-		fn = label != NULL ? label : getstr(1);
-		f = grep_open(NULL);
-	} else {
-		if (!stat(fn, &sb)) {
-			/* Check if we need to process the file */
-			s = sb.st_mode & S_IFMT;
-			if (s == S_IFDIR && dirbehave == DIR_SKIP)
-				return (0);
-			if ((s == S_IFIFO || s == S_IFCHR || s == S_IFBLK
-				|| s == S_IFSOCK) && devbehave == DEV_SKIP)
-					return (0);
-		}
-		f = grep_open(fn);
-	}
-	if (f == NULL) {
-		if (!sflag)
-			warn("%s", fn);
-		if (errno == ENOENT)
-			notfound = true;
-		return (0);
-	}
-
-	ln.file = grep_malloc(strlen(fn) + 1);
-	strcpy(ln.file, fn);
-	ln.line_no = 0;
-	ln.len = 0;
-	tail = 0;
-	ln.off = -1;
-
-	for (first = true, c = 0;  c == 0 || !(lflag || qflag); ) {
-		ln.off += ln.len + 1;
-		if ((ln.dat = grep_fgetln(f, &ln.len)) == NULL || ln.len == 0)
-			break;
-		if (ln.len > 0 && ln.dat[ln.len - 1] == line_sep)
-			--ln.len;
-		ln.line_no++;
-
-		/* Return if we need to skip a binary file */
-		if (f->binary && binbehave == BINFILE_SKIP) {
-			grep_close(f);
-			free(ln.file);
-			free(f);
-			return (0);
-		}
-		/* Process the file line-by-line */
-		t = procline(&ln, f->binary);
-		c += t;
-
-		/* Count the matches if we have a match limit */
-		if (mflag) {
-			mcount -= t;
-			if (mcount <= 0)
-				break;
-		}
-	}
-	if (Bflag > 0)
-		clearqueue();
-	grep_close(f);
-
-	if (cflag) {
-		if (!hflag)
-			printf("%s:", ln.file);
-		printf("%u%c", c, line_sep);
-	}
-	if (lflag && !qflag && c != 0)
-		printf("%s%c", fn, line_sep);
-	if (Lflag && !qflag && c == 0)
-		printf("%s%c", fn, line_sep);
-	if (c && !cflag && !lflag && !Lflag &&
-	    binbehave == BINFILE_BIN && f->binary && !qflag)
-		printf(getstr(8), fn);
-
-	free(ln.file);
-	free(f);
-	return (c);
-}
-
-#define iswword(x)	(iswalnum((x)) || (x) == L'_')
-
-/*
- * Processes a line comparing it with the specified patterns.  Each pattern
- * is looped to be compared along with the full string, saving each and every
- * match, which is necessary to colorize the output and to count the
- * matches.  The matching lines are passed to printline() to display the
- * appropriate output.
- */
-static int
-procline(struct str *l, int nottext)
-{
-	regmatch_t matches[MAX_LINE_MATCHES];
-	regmatch_t pmatch;
-	size_t st = 0;
-	unsigned int i;
-	int c = 0, m = 0, r = 0;
-
-	/* Loop to process the whole line */
-	while (st <= l->len) {
-		pmatch.rm_so = st;
-		pmatch.rm_eo = l->len;
-
-		/* Loop to compare with all the patterns */
-		for (i = 0; i < patterns; i++) {
-/*
- * XXX: grep_search() is a workaround for speed up and should be
- * removed in the future.  See fastgrep.c.
- */
-			if (fg_pattern[i].pattern) {
-				r = grep_search(&fg_pattern[i],
-				    (unsigned char *)l->dat,
-				    l->len, &pmatch);
-				r = (r == 0) ? 0 : REG_NOMATCH;
-				st = pmatch.rm_eo;
-			} else {
-				r = regexec(&r_pattern[i], l->dat, 1,
-				    &pmatch, eflags);
-				r = (r == 0) ? 0 : REG_NOMATCH;
-				st = pmatch.rm_eo;
-			}
-			if (r == REG_NOMATCH)
-				continue;
-			/* Check for full match */
-			if (xflag &&
-			    (pmatch.rm_so != 0 ||
-			     (size_t)pmatch.rm_eo != l->len))
-				continue;
-			/* Check for whole word match */
-			if (fg_pattern[i].word && pmatch.rm_so != 0) {
-				wchar_t wbegin, wend;
-
-				wbegin = wend = L' ';
-				if (pmatch.rm_so != 0 &&
-				    sscanf(&l->dat[pmatch.rm_so - 1],
-				    "%lc", &wbegin) != 1)
-					continue;
-				if ((size_t)pmatch.rm_eo != l->len &&
-				    sscanf(&l->dat[pmatch.rm_eo],
-				    "%lc", &wend) != 1)
-					continue;
-				if (iswword(wbegin) || iswword(wend))
-					continue;
-			}
-			c = 1;
-			if (m < MAX_LINE_MATCHES)
-				matches[m++] = pmatch;
-			/* matches - skip further patterns */
-			if ((color != NULL && !oflag) || qflag || lflag)
-				break;
-		}
-
-		if (vflag) {
-			c = !c;
-			break;
-		}
-		/* One pass if we are not recording matches */
-		if ((color != NULL && !oflag) || qflag || lflag)
-			break;
-
-		if (st == (size_t)pmatch.rm_so)
-			break; 	/* No matches */
-	}
-
-	if (c && binbehave == BINFILE_BIN && nottext)
-		return (c); /* Binary file */
-
-	/* Dealing with the context */
-	if ((tail || c) && !cflag && !qflag && !lflag && !Lflag) {
-		if (c) {
-			if ((Aflag || Bflag) && !first_global &&
-			    (first || since_printed > Bflag))
-				printf("--\n");
-			tail = Aflag;
-			if (Bflag > 0)
-				printqueue();
-			printline(l, ':', matches, m);
-		} else {
-			printline(l, '-', matches, m);
-			tail--;
-		}
-		first = false;
-		first_global = false;
-		since_printed = 0;
-	} else {
-		if (Bflag)
-			enqueue(l);
-		since_printed++;
-	}
-	return (c);
-}
-
-/*
- * Safe malloc() for internal use.
- */
-void *
-grep_malloc(size_t size)
-{
-	void *ptr;
-
-	if ((ptr = malloc(size)) == NULL)
-		err(2, "malloc");
-	return (ptr);
-}
-
-/*
- * Safe calloc() for internal use.
- */
-void *
-grep_calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size)
-{
-	void *ptr;
-
-	if ((ptr = calloc(nmemb, size)) == NULL)
-		err(2, "calloc");
-	return (ptr);
-}
-
-/*
- * Safe realloc() for internal use.
- */
-void *
-grep_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
-{
-
-	if ((ptr = realloc(ptr, size)) == NULL)
-		err(2, "realloc");
-	return (ptr);
-}
-
-/*
- * Safe strdup() for internal use.
- */
-char *
-grep_strdup(const char *str)
-{
-	char *ret;
-
-	if ((ret = strdup(str)) == NULL)
-		err(2, "strdup");
-	return (ret);
-}
-
-/*
- * Prints a matching line according to the command line options.
- */
-void
-printline(struct str *line, int sep, regmatch_t *matches, int m)
-{
-	size_t a = 0;
-	int i, n = 0;
-
-	if (!hflag) {
-		if (nullflag == 0)
-			fputs(line->file, stdout);
-		else {
-			printf("%s", line->file);
-			putchar(0);
-		}
-		++n;
-	}
-	if (nflag) {
-		if (n > 0)
-			putchar(sep);
-		printf("%d", line->line_no);
-		++n;
-	}
-	if (bflag) {
-		if (n > 0)
-			putchar(sep);
-		printf("%lld", (long long)line->off);
-		++n;
-	}
-	if (n)
-		putchar(sep);
-	/* --color and -o */
-	if ((oflag || color) && m > 0) {
-		for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
-			if (!oflag)
-				fwrite(line->dat + a, matches[i].rm_so - a, 1,
-				    stdout);
-			if (color) 
-				fprintf(stdout, "\33[%sm\33[K", color);
-
-			fwrite(line->dat + matches[i].rm_so, 
-			    matches[i].rm_eo - matches[i].rm_so, 1,
-			    stdout);
-
-			if (color) 
-				fprintf(stdout, "\33[m\33[K");
-			a = matches[i].rm_eo;
-			if (oflag)
-				putchar('\n');
-		}
-		if (!oflag) {
-			if (line->len - a > 0)
-				fwrite(line->dat + a, line->len - a, 1, stdout);
-			putchar(line_sep);
-		}
-	} else {
-		fwrite(line->dat, line->len, 1, stdout);
-		putchar(line_sep);
-	}
-}