blob: 08f61e87742ef652c0afd83964122c668ec9849e [file] [log] [blame]
/*
* Copyright 2021 HIMSA II K/S - www.himsa.com.
* Represented by EHIMA - www.ehima.com
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#include <base/bind.h>
#include <base/logging.h>
#include <base/strings/string_number_conversions.h>
#include <hardware/bt_vc.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "bind_helpers.h"
#include "bta/le_audio/le_audio_types.h"
#include "bta_csis_api.h"
#include "bta_gatt_api.h"
#include "bta_gatt_queue.h"
#include "bta_vc_api.h"
#include "btif_storage.h"
#include "devices.h"
#include "osi/include/osi.h"
#include "types/bluetooth/uuid.h"
#include "types/raw_address.h"
using base::Closure;
using bluetooth::Uuid;
using bluetooth::csis::CsisClient;
using bluetooth::vc::ConnectionState;
using namespace bluetooth::vc::internal;
namespace {
class VolumeControlImpl;
VolumeControlImpl* instance;
/**
* Overview:
*
* This is Volume Control Implementation class which realize Volume Control
* Profile (VCP)
*
* Each connected peer device supporting Volume Control Service (VCS) is on the
* list of devices (volume_control_devices_).
*
* Once all the mandatory characteristis for all the services are discovered,
* Fluoride calls ON_CONNECTED callback.
*
* It is assumed that whenever application changes general audio options in this
* profile e.g. Volume up/down, mute/unmute etc, profile configures all the
* devices which are active Le Audio devices.
*
*
*/
class VolumeControlImpl : public VolumeControl {
public:
~VolumeControlImpl() override = default;
VolumeControlImpl(bluetooth::vc::VolumeControlCallbacks* callbacks)
: gatt_if_(0), callbacks_(callbacks), latest_operation_id_(0) {
BTA_GATTC_AppRegister(
gattc_callback_static,
base::Bind([](uint8_t client_id, uint8_t status) {
if (status != GATT_SUCCESS) {
LOG(ERROR) << "Can't start Volume Control profile - no gatt "
"clients left!";
return;
}
instance->gatt_if_ = client_id;
}),
true);
}
void Connect(const RawAddress& address) override {
LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " " << address;
auto device = volume_control_devices_.FindByAddress(address);
if (!device) {
volume_control_devices_.Add(address, true);
} else {
device->connecting_actively = true;
}
BTA_GATTC_Open(gatt_if_, address, true, false);
}
void AddFromStorage(const RawAddress& address, bool auto_connect) {
LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " " << address
<< ", auto_connect=" << auto_connect;
if (auto_connect) {
volume_control_devices_.Add(address, false);
/* Add device into BG connection to accept remote initiated connection */
BTA_GATTC_Open(gatt_if_, address, false, false);
}
}
void OnGattConnected(tGATT_STATUS status, uint16_t connection_id,
tGATT_IF /*client_if*/, RawAddress address,
tBT_TRANSPORT /*transport*/, uint16_t /*mtu*/) {
LOG(INFO) << __func__ << ": address=" << address
<< ", connection_id=" << connection_id;
VolumeControlDevice* device =
volume_control_devices_.FindByAddress(address);
if (!device) {
LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << "Skipping unknown device, address=" << address;
return;
}
if (status != GATT_SUCCESS) {
LOG(INFO) << "Failed to connect to Volume Control device";
device_cleanup_helper(device, device->connecting_actively);
return;
}
device->connection_id = connection_id;
if (device->IsEncryptionEnabled()) {
OnEncryptionComplete(address, BTM_SUCCESS);
return;
}
if (!device->EnableEncryption(enc_callback_static)) {
device_cleanup_helper(device, device->connecting_actively);
}
}
void OnEncryptionComplete(const RawAddress& address, uint8_t success) {
VolumeControlDevice* device =
volume_control_devices_.FindByAddress(address);
if (!device) {
LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << "Skipping unknown device " << address;
return;
}
if (success != BTM_SUCCESS) {
LOG(ERROR) << "encryption failed "
<< "status: " << int{success};
// If the encryption failed, do not remove the device.
// Disconnect only, since the Android will try to re-enable encryption
// after disconnection
device->Disconnect(gatt_if_);
if (device->connecting_actively)
callbacks_->OnConnectionState(ConnectionState::DISCONNECTED,
device->address);
return;
}
LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " " << address << " status: " << +success;
if (device->HasHandles()) {
device->EnqueueInitialRequests(gatt_if_, chrc_read_callback_static,
OnGattWriteCccStatic);
} else {
device->first_connection = true;
BTA_GATTC_ServiceSearchRequest(device->connection_id,
&kVolumeControlUuid);
}
}
void OnServiceChangeEvent(const RawAddress& address) {
VolumeControlDevice* device =
volume_control_devices_.FindByAddress(address);
if (!device) {
LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << "Skipping unknown device " << address;
return;
}
LOG(INFO) << __func__ << ": address=" << address;
device->first_connection = true;
device->service_changed_rcvd = true;
BtaGattQueue::Clean(device->connection_id);
}
void OnServiceDiscDoneEvent(const RawAddress& address) {
VolumeControlDevice* device =
volume_control_devices_.FindByAddress(address);
if (!device) {
LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << "Skipping unknown device " << address;
return;
}
if (device->service_changed_rcvd)
BTA_GATTC_ServiceSearchRequest(device->connection_id,
&kVolumeControlUuid);
}
void OnServiceSearchComplete(uint16_t connection_id, tGATT_STATUS status) {
VolumeControlDevice* device =
volume_control_devices_.FindByConnId(connection_id);
if (!device) {
LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << "Skipping unknown device, connection_id="
<< loghex(connection_id);
return;
}
/* Known device, nothing to do */
if (!device->first_connection) return;
if (status != GATT_SUCCESS) {
/* close connection and report service discovery complete with error */
LOG(ERROR) << "Service discovery failed";
device_cleanup_helper(device, device->first_connection);
return;
}
bool success = device->UpdateHandles();
if (!success) {
LOG(ERROR) << "Incomplete service database";
device_cleanup_helper(device, true);
return;
}
device->EnqueueInitialRequests(gatt_if_, chrc_read_callback_static,
OnGattWriteCccStatic);
}
void OnCharacteristicValueChanged(uint16_t conn_id, tGATT_STATUS status,
uint16_t handle, uint16_t len,
uint8_t* value, void* data,
bool is_notification) {
VolumeControlDevice* device = volume_control_devices_.FindByConnId(conn_id);
if (!device) {
LOG(INFO) << __func__ << ": unknown conn_id=" << loghex(conn_id);
return;
}
if (status != GATT_SUCCESS) {
LOG(INFO) << __func__ << ": status=" << static_cast<int>(status);
return;
}
if (handle == device->volume_state_handle) {
OnVolumeControlStateReadOrNotified(device, len, value, is_notification);
verify_device_ready(device, handle);
return;
}
if (handle == device->volume_flags_handle) {
OnVolumeControlFlagsChanged(device, len, value);
verify_device_ready(device, handle);
return;
}
LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": unknown handle=" << loghex(handle);
}
void OnNotificationEvent(uint16_t conn_id, uint16_t handle, uint16_t len,
uint8_t* value) {
LOG(INFO) << __func__ << ": handle=" << loghex(handle);
OnCharacteristicValueChanged(conn_id, GATT_SUCCESS, handle, len, value,
nullptr, true);
}
void VolumeControlReadCommon(uint16_t conn_id, uint16_t handle) {
BtaGattQueue::ReadCharacteristic(conn_id, handle, chrc_read_callback_static,
nullptr);
}
void HandleAutonomusVolumeChange(VolumeControlDevice* device,
bool is_volume_change, bool is_mute_change) {
DLOG(INFO) << __func__ << device->address
<< " is volume change: " << is_volume_change
<< " is mute change: " << is_mute_change;
if (!is_volume_change && !is_mute_change) {
LOG(ERROR) << __func__
<< "Autonomous change but volume and mute did not changed.";
return;
}
auto csis_api = CsisClient::Get();
if (!csis_api) {
DLOG(INFO) << __func__ << " Csis is not available";
callbacks_->OnVolumeStateChanged(device->address, device->volume,
device->mute);
return;
}
auto group_id =
csis_api->GetGroupId(device->address, le_audio::uuid::kCapServiceUuid);
if (group_id == bluetooth::groups::kGroupUnknown) {
DLOG(INFO) << __func__ << " No group for device " << device->address;
callbacks_->OnVolumeStateChanged(device->address, device->volume,
device->mute);
return;
}
auto devices = csis_api->GetDeviceList(group_id);
for (auto it = devices.begin(); it != devices.end();) {
auto dev = volume_control_devices_.FindByAddress(*it);
if (!dev || !dev->IsConnected() || (dev->address == device->address)) {
it = devices.erase(it);
} else {
it++;
}
}
if (is_volume_change) {
std::vector<uint8_t> arg({device->volume});
PrepareVolumeControlOperation(devices, group_id,
kControlPointOpcodeSetAbsoluteVolume, arg);
}
if (is_mute_change) {
std::vector<uint8_t> arg;
uint8_t opcode =
device->mute ? kControlPointOpcodeMute : kControlPointOpcodeUnmute;
PrepareVolumeControlOperation(devices, group_id, opcode, arg);
}
StartQueueOperation();
}
void OnVolumeControlStateReadOrNotified(VolumeControlDevice* device,
uint16_t len, uint8_t* value,
bool is_notification) {
if (len != 3) {
LOG(INFO) << __func__ << ": malformed len=" << loghex(len);
return;
}
uint8_t vol;
uint8_t mute;
uint8_t* pp = value;
STREAM_TO_UINT8(vol, pp);
STREAM_TO_UINT8(mute, pp);
STREAM_TO_UINT8(device->change_counter, pp);
bool is_volume_change = (device->volume != vol);
device->volume = vol;
bool is_mute_change = (device->mute != mute);
device->mute = mute;
LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " volume " << loghex(device->volume) << " mute "
<< loghex(device->mute) << " change_counter "
<< loghex(device->change_counter);
if (!device->device_ready) return;
/* This is just a read, send single notification */
if (!is_notification) {
callbacks_->OnVolumeStateChanged(device->address, device->volume,
device->mute);
return;
}
auto addr = device->address;
auto op = find_if(ongoing_operations_.begin(), ongoing_operations_.end(),
[addr](auto& operation) {
auto it = find(operation.devices_.begin(),
operation.devices_.end(), addr);
return it != operation.devices_.end();
});
if (op == ongoing_operations_.end()) {
DLOG(INFO) << __func__ << " Could not find operation id for device: "
<< device->address << ". Autonomus change";
HandleAutonomusVolumeChange(device, is_volume_change, is_mute_change);
return;
}
DLOG(INFO) << __func__ << " operation found: " << op->operation_id_
<< " for group id: " << op->group_id_;
/* Received notification from the device we do expect */
auto it = find(op->devices_.begin(), op->devices_.end(), device->address);
op->devices_.erase(it);
if (!op->devices_.empty()) {
DLOG(INFO) << __func__ << " wait for more responses for operation_id: "
<< op->operation_id_;
return;
}
if (op->IsGroupOperation())
callbacks_->OnGroupVolumeStateChanged(op->group_id_, device->volume,
device->mute);
else
callbacks_->OnVolumeStateChanged(device->address, device->volume,
device->mute);
ongoing_operations_.erase(op);
StartQueueOperation();
}
void OnVolumeControlFlagsChanged(VolumeControlDevice* device, uint16_t len,
uint8_t* value) {
device->flags = *value;
LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " flags " << loghex(device->flags);
}
void OnGattWriteCcc(uint16_t connection_id, tGATT_STATUS status,
uint16_t handle, uint16_t len, const uint8_t* value,
void* /*data*/) {
VolumeControlDevice* device =
volume_control_devices_.FindByConnId(connection_id);
if (!device) {
LOG(INFO) << __func__
<< "unknown connection_id=" << loghex(connection_id);
BtaGattQueue::Clean(connection_id);
return;
}
if (status != GATT_SUCCESS) {
LOG(ERROR) << __func__
<< "Failed to register for notification: " << loghex(handle)
<< " status: " << status;
device_cleanup_helper(device, true);
return;
}
LOG(INFO) << __func__
<< "Successfully register for indications: " << loghex(handle);
verify_device_ready(device, handle);
}
static void OnGattWriteCccStatic(uint16_t connection_id, tGATT_STATUS status,
uint16_t handle, uint16_t len,
const uint8_t* value, void* data) {
if (!instance) {
LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << "No instance=" << handle;
return;
}
instance->OnGattWriteCcc(connection_id, status, handle, len, value, data);
}
void Dump(int fd) { volume_control_devices_.DebugDump(fd); }
void Disconnect(const RawAddress& address) override {
VolumeControlDevice* device =
volume_control_devices_.FindByAddress(address);
if (!device) {
LOG(INFO) << "Device not connected to profile " << address;
return;
}
LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " GAP_EVT_CONN_CLOSED: " << device->address;
device_cleanup_helper(device, true);
}
void OnGattDisconnected(uint16_t connection_id, tGATT_IF /*client_if*/,
RawAddress remote_bda,
tGATT_DISCONN_REASON /*reason*/) {
VolumeControlDevice* device =
volume_control_devices_.FindByConnId(connection_id);
if (!device) {
LOG(ERROR) << __func__
<< " Skipping unknown device disconnect, connection_id="
<< loghex(connection_id);
return;
}
// If we get here, it means, device has not been exlicitly disconnected.
bool device_ready = device->device_ready;
device_cleanup_helper(device, device->connecting_actively);
if (device_ready) {
volume_control_devices_.Add(remote_bda, true);
/* Add device into BG connection to accept remote initiated connection */
BTA_GATTC_Open(gatt_if_, remote_bda, false, false);
}
}
void RemoveDeviceFromOperationList(const RawAddress& addr, int operation_id) {
auto op = find_if(ongoing_operations_.begin(), ongoing_operations_.end(),
[operation_id](auto& operation) {
return operation.operation_id_ == operation_id;
});
if (op == ongoing_operations_.end()) {
LOG(ERROR) << __func__
<< " Could not find operation id: " << operation_id;
return;
}
auto it = find(op->devices_.begin(), op->devices_.end(), addr);
if (it != op->devices_.end()) {
op->devices_.erase(it);
if (op->devices_.empty()) {
ongoing_operations_.erase(op);
StartQueueOperation();
}
return;
}
}
void OnWriteControlResponse(uint16_t connection_id, tGATT_STATUS status,
uint16_t handle, void* data) {
VolumeControlDevice* device =
volume_control_devices_.FindByConnId(connection_id);
if (!device) {
LOG(ERROR) << __func__
<< "Skipping unknown device disconnect, connection_id="
<< loghex(connection_id);
return;
}
LOG(INFO) << "Write response handle: " << loghex(handle)
<< " status: " << loghex((int)(status));
if (status == GATT_SUCCESS) return;
/* In case of error, remove device from the tracking operation list */
RemoveDeviceFromOperationList(device->address, PTR_TO_INT(data));
}
static void operation_callback(void* data) {
instance->CancelVolumeOperation(PTR_TO_INT(data));
}
void StartQueueOperation(void) {
LOG(INFO) << __func__;
if (ongoing_operations_.empty()) {
return;
};
auto op = &ongoing_operations_.front();
LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " operation_id: " << op->operation_id_;
if (op->IsStarted()) {
LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " wait until operation " << op->operation_id_
<< " is complete";
return;
}
op->Start();
alarm_set_on_mloop(op->operation_timeout_, 3000, operation_callback,
INT_TO_PTR(op->operation_id_));
devices_control_point_helper(
op->devices_, op->opcode_,
op->arguments_.size() == 0 ? nullptr : &(op->arguments_));
}
void CancelVolumeOperation(int operation_id) {
LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " canceling operation_id: " << operation_id;
auto op = find_if(
ongoing_operations_.begin(), ongoing_operations_.end(),
[operation_id](auto& it) { return it.operation_id_ == operation_id; });
if (op == ongoing_operations_.end()) {
LOG(ERROR) << __func__
<< " Could not find operation_id: " << operation_id;
return;
}
/* Possibly close GATT operations */
ongoing_operations_.erase(op);
StartQueueOperation();
}
void ProceedVolumeOperation(int operation_id) {
auto op = find_if(ongoing_operations_.begin(), ongoing_operations_.end(),
[operation_id](auto& operation) {
return operation.operation_id_ == operation_id;
});
DLOG(INFO) << __func__ << " operation_id: " << operation_id;
if (op == ongoing_operations_.end()) {
LOG(ERROR) << __func__
<< " Could not find operation_id: " << operation_id;
return;
}
DLOG(INFO) << __func__ << " procedure continued for operation_id: "
<< op->operation_id_;
alarm_set_on_mloop(op->operation_timeout_, 3000, operation_callback,
INT_TO_PTR(op->operation_id_));
devices_control_point_helper(op->devices_, op->opcode_, &(op->arguments_));
}
void PrepareVolumeControlOperation(std::vector<RawAddress>& devices,
int group_id, uint8_t opcode,
std::vector<uint8_t>& arguments) {
DLOG(INFO) << __func__ << " num of devices: " << devices.size()
<< " group_id: " << group_id << " opcode: " << +opcode
<< " arg size: " << arguments.size();
ongoing_operations_.emplace_back(latest_operation_id_++, group_id, opcode,
arguments, devices);
}
void SetVolume(std::variant<RawAddress, int> addr_or_group_id,
uint8_t volume) override {
DLOG(INFO) << __func__ << " vol: " << +volume;
std::vector<uint8_t> arg({volume});
uint8_t opcode = kControlPointOpcodeSetAbsoluteVolume;
if (std::holds_alternative<RawAddress>(addr_or_group_id)) {
DLOG(INFO) << __func__ << " " << std::get<RawAddress>(addr_or_group_id);
std::vector<RawAddress> devices = {
std::get<RawAddress>(addr_or_group_id)};
PrepareVolumeControlOperation(devices, bluetooth::groups::kGroupUnknown,
opcode, arg);
} else {
/* Handle group change */
auto group_id = std::get<int>(addr_or_group_id);
DLOG(INFO) << __func__ << " group: " << group_id;
auto csis_api = CsisClient::Get();
if (!csis_api) {
LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << " Csis is not there";
return;
}
auto devices = csis_api->GetDeviceList(group_id);
for (auto it = devices.begin(); it != devices.end();) {
auto dev = volume_control_devices_.FindByAddress(*it);
if (!dev || !dev->IsConnected()) {
it = devices.erase(it);
} else {
it++;
}
}
if (devices.empty()) {
LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << " group id : " << group_id
<< " is not connected? ";
return;
}
PrepareVolumeControlOperation(devices, group_id, opcode, arg);
}
StartQueueOperation();
}
void CleanUp() {
LOG(INFO) << __func__;
volume_control_devices_.Disconnect(gatt_if_);
volume_control_devices_.Clear();
ongoing_operations_.clear();
BTA_GATTC_AppDeregister(gatt_if_);
}
private:
tGATT_IF gatt_if_;
bluetooth::vc::VolumeControlCallbacks* callbacks_;
VolumeControlDevices volume_control_devices_;
/* Used to track volume control operations */
std::list<VolumeOperation> ongoing_operations_;
int latest_operation_id_;
void verify_device_ready(VolumeControlDevice* device, uint16_t handle) {
if (device->device_ready) return;
// VerifyReady sets the device_ready flag if all remaining GATT operations
// are completed
if (device->VerifyReady(handle)) {
LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " Outstanding reads completed.";
callbacks_->OnConnectionState(ConnectionState::CONNECTED,
device->address);
device->connecting_actively = true;
device->first_connection = false;
// once profile connected we can notify current states
callbacks_->OnVolumeStateChanged(device->address, device->volume,
device->mute);
device->EnqueueRemainingRequests(gatt_if_, chrc_read_callback_static,
OnGattWriteCccStatic);
}
}
void device_cleanup_helper(VolumeControlDevice* device, bool notify) {
device->Disconnect(gatt_if_);
if (notify)
callbacks_->OnConnectionState(ConnectionState::DISCONNECTED,
device->address);
volume_control_devices_.Remove(device->address);
}
void devices_control_point_helper(std::vector<RawAddress>& devices,
uint8_t opcode,
const std::vector<uint8_t>* arg,
int operation_id = -1) {
volume_control_devices_.ControlPointOperation(
devices, opcode, arg,
[](uint16_t connection_id, tGATT_STATUS status, uint16_t handle,
uint16_t len, const uint8_t* value, void* data) {
if (instance)
instance->OnWriteControlResponse(connection_id, status, handle,
data);
},
INT_TO_PTR(operation_id));
}
void gattc_callback(tBTA_GATTC_EVT event, tBTA_GATTC* p_data) {
LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " event = " << static_cast<int>(event);
if (p_data == nullptr) return;
switch (event) {
case BTA_GATTC_OPEN_EVT: {
tBTA_GATTC_OPEN& o = p_data->open;
OnGattConnected(o.status, o.conn_id, o.client_if, o.remote_bda,
o.transport, o.mtu);
} break;
case BTA_GATTC_CLOSE_EVT: {
tBTA_GATTC_CLOSE& c = p_data->close;
OnGattDisconnected(c.conn_id, c.client_if, c.remote_bda, c.reason);
} break;
case BTA_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT:
OnServiceSearchComplete(p_data->search_cmpl.conn_id,
p_data->search_cmpl.status);
break;
case BTA_GATTC_NOTIF_EVT: {
tBTA_GATTC_NOTIFY& n = p_data->notify;
if (!n.is_notify || n.len > GATT_MAX_ATTR_LEN) {
LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": rejected BTA_GATTC_NOTIF_EVT. is_notify="
<< n.is_notify << ", len=" << static_cast<int>(n.len);
break;
}
OnNotificationEvent(n.conn_id, n.handle, n.len, n.value);
} break;
case BTA_GATTC_ENC_CMPL_CB_EVT:
OnEncryptionComplete(p_data->enc_cmpl.remote_bda, BTM_SUCCESS);
break;
case BTA_GATTC_SRVC_CHG_EVT:
OnServiceChangeEvent(p_data->remote_bda);
break;
case BTA_GATTC_SRVC_DISC_DONE_EVT:
OnServiceDiscDoneEvent(p_data->remote_bda);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
static void gattc_callback_static(tBTA_GATTC_EVT event, tBTA_GATTC* p_data) {
if (instance) instance->gattc_callback(event, p_data);
}
static void enc_callback_static(const RawAddress* address, tBT_TRANSPORT,
void*, tBTM_STATUS status) {
if (instance) instance->OnEncryptionComplete(*address, status);
}
static void chrc_read_callback_static(uint16_t conn_id, tGATT_STATUS status,
uint16_t handle, uint16_t len,
uint8_t* value, void* data) {
if (instance)
instance->OnCharacteristicValueChanged(conn_id, status, handle, len,
value, data, false);
}
};
} // namespace
void VolumeControl::Initialize(
bluetooth::vc::VolumeControlCallbacks* callbacks) {
if (instance) {
LOG(ERROR) << "Already initialized!";
return;
}
instance = new VolumeControlImpl(callbacks);
}
bool VolumeControl::IsVolumeControlRunning() { return instance; }
VolumeControl* VolumeControl::Get(void) {
CHECK(instance);
return instance;
};
void VolumeControl::AddFromStorage(const RawAddress& address,
bool auto_connect) {
if (!instance) {
LOG(ERROR) << "Not initialized yet";
return;
}
instance->AddFromStorage(address, auto_connect);
};
void VolumeControl::CleanUp() {
if (!instance) {
LOG(ERROR) << "Not initialized!";
return;
}
VolumeControlImpl* ptr = instance;
instance = nullptr;
ptr->CleanUp();
delete ptr;
};
void VolumeControl::DebugDump(int fd) {
dprintf(fd, "Volume Control Manager:\n");
if (instance) instance->Dump(fd);
dprintf(fd, "\n");
}