Like a normal adb device, you can debug native processes running on a Microdroid-base VM using lldbclient.py script, either by running a new process, or attaching to an existing process. Use vm_shell tool above, and then run lldbclient.py.
adb -s localhost:8000 shell 'mount -o remount,exec /data' development/scripts/lldbclient.py -s localhost:8000 --chroot . --user '' \ (-p PID | -n NAME | -r ...)
Note: We need to pass --chroot . to skip verifying device, because microdroid doesn‘t match with the host’s lunch target. We need to also pass --user '' as there is no su binary in microdroid.