diff --git a/src/com/android/settings/enterprise/EnterprisePrivacyFeatureProviderImpl.java b/src/com/android/settings/enterprise/EnterprisePrivacyFeatureProviderImpl.java
index 429c537..59036a2 100644
--- a/src/com/android/settings/enterprise/EnterprisePrivacyFeatureProviderImpl.java
+++ b/src/com/android/settings/enterprise/EnterprisePrivacyFeatureProviderImpl.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import android.content.pm.UserInfo;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.VpnManager;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.os.UserManager;
 import android.provider.Settings;
@@ -45,18 +46,20 @@
     private final PackageManager mPm;
     private final UserManager mUm;
     private final ConnectivityManager mCm;
+    private final VpnManager mVm;
     private final Resources mResources;
 
     private static final int MY_USER_ID = UserHandle.myUserId();
 
     public EnterprisePrivacyFeatureProviderImpl(Context context, DevicePolicyManager dpm,
-            PackageManager pm, UserManager um, ConnectivityManager cm,
+            PackageManager pm, UserManager um, ConnectivityManager cm, VpnManager vm,
             Resources resources) {
         mContext = context.getApplicationContext();
         mDpm = dpm;
         mPm = pm;
         mUm = um;
         mCm = cm;
+        mVm = vm;
         mResources = resources;
     }
 
@@ -130,14 +133,14 @@
 
     @Override
     public boolean isAlwaysOnVpnSetInCurrentUser() {
-        return VpnUtils.isAlwaysOnVpnSet(mCm, MY_USER_ID);
+        return VpnUtils.isAlwaysOnVpnSet(mVm, MY_USER_ID);
     }
 
     @Override
     public boolean isAlwaysOnVpnSetInManagedProfile() {
         final int managedProfileUserId = getManagedProfileUserId();
         return managedProfileUserId != UserHandle.USER_NULL &&
-                VpnUtils.isAlwaysOnVpnSet(mCm, managedProfileUserId);
+                VpnUtils.isAlwaysOnVpnSet(mVm, managedProfileUserId);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/src/com/android/settings/overlay/FeatureFactoryImpl.java b/src/com/android/settings/overlay/FeatureFactoryImpl.java
index d4d396f..41bfb21 100644
--- a/src/com/android/settings/overlay/FeatureFactoryImpl.java
+++ b/src/com/android/settings/overlay/FeatureFactoryImpl.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.VpnManager;
 import android.os.UserManager;
 
 import androidx.annotation.Keep;
@@ -169,7 +170,8 @@
                             Context.DEVICE_POLICY_SERVICE),
                     appContext.getPackageManager(),
                     UserManager.get(appContext),
-                    (ConnectivityManager) appContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE),
+                    appContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class),
+                    appContext.getSystemService(VpnManager.class),
                     appContext.getResources());
         }
         return mEnterprisePrivacyFeatureProvider;
diff --git a/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/AppDialogFragment.java b/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/AppDialogFragment.java
index 45fb9bd..626a271 100644
--- a/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/AppDialogFragment.java
+++ b/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/AppDialogFragment.java
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 import android.app.settings.SettingsEnums;
 import android.content.DialogInterface;
 import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.VpnManager;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
@@ -48,7 +47,6 @@
     private PackageInfo mPackageInfo;
     private Listener mListener;
 
-    private ConnectivityManager mConnectivityManager;
     private UserManager mUserManager;
     private VpnManager mVpnManager;
 
@@ -93,7 +91,6 @@
     @Override
     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
-        mConnectivityManager = getContext().getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
         mUserManager = UserManager.get(getContext());
         mVpnManager = getContext().getSystemService(VpnManager.class);
     }
@@ -158,8 +155,8 @@
         }
         final int userId = getUserId();
         if (mPackageInfo.packageName.equals(VpnUtils.getConnectedPackage(mVpnManager, userId))) {
-            mConnectivityManager.setAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(userId, null,
-                    /* lockdownEnabled */ false, /* lockdownAllowlist */ null);
+            mVpnManager.setAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(userId, null, /* lockdownEnabled */ false,
+                    /* lockdownAllowlist */ null);
             mVpnManager.prepareVpn(mPackageInfo.packageName, VpnConfig.LEGACY_VPN, userId);
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/AppManagementFragment.java b/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/AppManagementFragment.java
index 8ab6a4f..0543fee 100644
--- a/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/AppManagementFragment.java
+++ b/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/AppManagementFragment.java
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.VpnManager;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
@@ -69,7 +68,6 @@
 
     private PackageManager mPackageManager;
     private DevicePolicyManager mDevicePolicyManager;
-    private ConnectivityManager mConnectivityManager;
     private VpnManager mVpnManager;
 
     // VPN app info
@@ -122,7 +120,6 @@
 
         mPackageManager = getContext().getPackageManager();
         mDevicePolicyManager = getContext().getSystemService(DevicePolicyManager.class);
-        mConnectivityManager = getContext().getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
         mVpnManager = getContext().getSystemService(VpnManager.class);
 
         mPreferenceVersion = findPreference(KEY_VERSION);
@@ -227,8 +224,8 @@
     }
 
     private boolean setAlwaysOnVpn(boolean isEnabled, boolean isLockdown) {
-        return mConnectivityManager.setAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(mUserId,
-                isEnabled ? mPackageName : null, isLockdown, /* lockdownWhitelist */ null);
+        return mVpnManager.setAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(mUserId,
+                isEnabled ? mPackageName : null, isLockdown, /* lockdownAllowlist */ null);
     }
 
     private void updateUI() {
@@ -261,7 +258,7 @@
                     mPreferenceLockdown.setDisabledByAdmin(admin);
                 }
             }
-            if (mConnectivityManager.isAlwaysOnVpnPackageSupportedForUser(mUserId, mPackageName)) {
+            if (mVpnManager.isAlwaysOnVpnPackageSupportedForUser(mUserId, mPackageName)) {
                 // setSummary doesn't override the admin message when user restriction is applied
                 mPreferenceAlwaysOn.setSummary(R.string.vpn_always_on_summary);
                 // setEnabled is not required here, as checkRestrictionAndSetDisabled
@@ -275,7 +272,7 @@
     }
 
     private String getAlwaysOnVpnPackage() {
-        return mConnectivityManager.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(mUserId);
+        return mVpnManager.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(mUserId);
     }
 
     private boolean isVpnAlwaysOn() {
diff --git a/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/ConfigDialogFragment.java b/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/ConfigDialogFragment.java
index a478eb9..f339a69 100644
--- a/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/ConfigDialogFragment.java
+++ b/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/ConfigDialogFragment.java
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 import android.app.settings.SettingsEnums;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.DialogInterface;
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.VpnManager;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
@@ -177,9 +176,8 @@
                 return;
             }
 
-            final ConnectivityManager conn = ConnectivityManager.from(mContext);
-            conn.setAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(UserHandle.myUserId(), null,
-                    /* lockdownEnabled */ false, /* lockdownWhitelist */ null);
+            mService.setAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(UserHandle.myUserId(), null,
+                    /* lockdownEnabled */ false, /* lockdownAllowlist */ null);
             VpnUtils.setLockdownVpn(mContext, profile.key);
         } else {
             // update only if lockdown vpn has been changed
diff --git a/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/VpnSettings.java b/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/VpnSettings.java
index 79f6be3..0a3b2b0 100644
--- a/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/VpnSettings.java
+++ b/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/VpnSettings.java
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@
         Set<AppVpnInfo> result = new ArraySet<>();
         for (UserHandle profile : mUserManager.getUserProfiles()) {
             final int profileId = profile.getIdentifier();
-            final String packageName = mConnectivityManager.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(profileId);
+            final String packageName = mVpnManager.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(profileId);
             if (packageName != null) {
                 result.add(new AppVpnInfo(profileId, packageName));
             }
diff --git a/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/VpnUtils.java b/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/VpnUtils.java
index c6b79b4..4c9338c 100644
--- a/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/VpnUtils.java
+++ b/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/VpnUtils.java
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 package com.android.settings.vpn2;
 
 import android.content.Context;
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.VpnManager;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.provider.Settings;
@@ -43,15 +42,15 @@
 
     public static void clearLockdownVpn(Context context) {
         KeyStore.getInstance().delete(Credentials.LOCKDOWN_VPN);
-        // Always notify ConnectivityManager after keystore update
-        getConnectivityManager(context).updateLockdownVpn();
+        // Always notify VpnManager after keystore update
+        getVpnManager(context).updateLockdownVpn();
     }
 
     public static void setLockdownVpn(Context context, String lockdownKey) {
         KeyStore.getInstance().put(Credentials.LOCKDOWN_VPN, lockdownKey.getBytes(),
                 KeyStore.UID_SELF, /* flags */ 0);
-        // Always notify ConnectivityManager after keystore update
-        getConnectivityManager(context).updateLockdownVpn();
+        // Always notify VpnManager after keystore update
+        getVpnManager(context).updateLockdownVpn();
     }
 
     public static boolean isVpnLockdown(String key) {
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@
         if (getLockdownVpn() != null) {
             return true;
         }
-        return getConnectivityManager(context).getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(userId) != null
+        return getVpnManager(context).getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(userId) != null
                 && Settings.Secure.getIntForUser(context.getContentResolver(),
                         Settings.Secure.ALWAYS_ON_VPN_LOCKDOWN, /* default */ 0, userId) != 0;
     }
@@ -77,16 +76,12 @@
         return config != null ? config.user : null;
     }
 
-    private static ConnectivityManager getConnectivityManager(Context context) {
-        return context.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
-    }
-
     private static VpnManager getVpnManager(Context context) {
         return context.getSystemService(VpnManager.class);
     }
 
-    public static boolean isAlwaysOnVpnSet(ConnectivityManager cm, final int userId) {
-        return cm.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(userId) != null;
+    public static boolean isAlwaysOnVpnSet(VpnManager vm, final int userId) {
+        return vm.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(userId) != null;
     }
 
     public static boolean disconnectLegacyVpn(Context context) {
diff --git a/tests/robotests/src/com/android/settings/enterprise/EnterprisePrivacyFeatureProviderImplTest.java b/tests/robotests/src/com/android/settings/enterprise/EnterprisePrivacyFeatureProviderImplTest.java
index f539350..07c9b3d 100644
--- a/tests/robotests/src/com/android/settings/enterprise/EnterprisePrivacyFeatureProviderImplTest.java
+++ b/tests/robotests/src/com/android/settings/enterprise/EnterprisePrivacyFeatureProviderImplTest.java
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.ProxyInfo;
+import android.net.VpnManager;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.os.UserManager;
 import android.provider.Settings;
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@
     private @Mock PackageManager mPackageManager;
     private @Mock UserManager mUserManager;
     private @Mock ConnectivityManager mConnectivityManger;
+    private @Mock VpnManager mVpnManager;
     private Resources mResources;
 
     private EnterprisePrivacyFeatureProvider mProvider;
@@ -99,7 +101,7 @@
         mResources = RuntimeEnvironment.application.getResources();
 
         mProvider = new EnterprisePrivacyFeatureProviderImpl(mContext, mDevicePolicyManager,
-                mPackageManager, mUserManager, mConnectivityManger, mResources);
+                mPackageManager, mUserManager, mConnectivityManger, mVpnManager, mResources);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -201,11 +203,10 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testIsAlwaysOnVpnSetInCurrentUser() {
-        when(mConnectivityManger.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(MY_USER_ID)).thenReturn(null);
+        when(mVpnManager.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(MY_USER_ID)).thenReturn(null);
         assertThat(mProvider.isAlwaysOnVpnSetInCurrentUser()).isFalse();
 
-        when(mConnectivityManger.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(MY_USER_ID))
-                .thenReturn(VPN_PACKAGE_ID);
+        when(mVpnManager.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(MY_USER_ID)).thenReturn(VPN_PACKAGE_ID);
         assertThat(mProvider.isAlwaysOnVpnSetInCurrentUser()).isTrue();
     }
 
@@ -215,11 +216,10 @@
 
         mProfiles.add(new UserInfo(MANAGED_PROFILE_USER_ID, "", "", UserInfo.FLAG_MANAGED_PROFILE));
 
-        when(mConnectivityManger.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(MANAGED_PROFILE_USER_ID))
-                .thenReturn(null);
+        when(mVpnManager.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(MANAGED_PROFILE_USER_ID)).thenReturn(null);
         assertThat(mProvider.isAlwaysOnVpnSetInManagedProfile()).isFalse();
 
-        when(mConnectivityManger.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(MANAGED_PROFILE_USER_ID))
+        when(mVpnManager.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(MANAGED_PROFILE_USER_ID))
                 .thenReturn(VPN_PACKAGE_ID);
         assertThat(mProvider.isAlwaysOnVpnSetInManagedProfile()).isTrue();
     }
diff --git a/tests/robotests/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/VpnUtilsTest.java b/tests/robotests/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/VpnUtilsTest.java
index 7856b06..08a9242 100644
--- a/tests/robotests/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/VpnUtilsTest.java
+++ b/tests/robotests/src/com/android/settings/vpn2/VpnUtilsTest.java
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.VpnManager;
 
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@
 public final class VpnUtilsTest {
     @Test
     public void testIsAlwaysOnVpnSet() {
-        final ConnectivityManager cm = mock(ConnectivityManager.class);
-        when(cm.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(0)).thenReturn("com.example.vpn");
-        assertThat(VpnUtils.isAlwaysOnVpnSet(cm, 0)).isTrue();
+        final VpnManager vm = mock(VpnManager.class);
+        when(vm.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(0)).thenReturn("com.example.vpn");
+        assertThat(VpnUtils.isAlwaysOnVpnSet(vm, 0)).isTrue();
 
-        when(cm.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(0)).thenReturn(null);
-        assertThat(VpnUtils.isAlwaysOnVpnSet(cm, 0)).isFalse();
+        when(vm.getAlwaysOnVpnPackageForUser(0)).thenReturn(null);
+        assertThat(VpnUtils.isAlwaysOnVpnSet(vm, 0)).isFalse();
     }
 }