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| <h1 align="center">Observ. LIV. Of a Louse.<br> |
| </h1> |
| <p align="center"><img src="images/Octavo/bug.jpg" width="516" height="445"></p> |
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| <p><font size="4">This is a Creature so officious, that 'twill be known to |
| every one at one time or other, so busie, and so impudent, that it will |
| be intruding it self in every ones company, and so proud and aspiring withall, |
| that it fears not to trample on the best, and affects nothing so much as |
| a Crown; feeds and lives very high, and that makes it so saucy, as to pull |
| any one by the ears that comes in its way, and will never be quiet till |
| it has drawn blood: it is troubled at nothing so much as at a man that scratches |
| his head, as knowing that man is plotting and contriving some mischief against |
| it, and that makes it oftentime sculk into some meaner and lower place, and |
| run behind a mans back, though it go very much against the hair; which ill |
| conditions of it having made it better known then trusted, would exempt me |
| from making any further description of it, did not my faithful Mercury, my |
| Microscope, bring me other information of it. </font></p> |
| <p><font size="4">For this has discovered to me, by means of a very bright light |
| cast on it, that it is a Creature of a very odd shape ; it has a head shap'd |
| like that exprest in 35. Scheme marked with A, which seems almost Conical, |
| but is a little flatted on the upper and under sides, at the biggest part |
| of which, on either side behind the head (as it were, being the place where |
| other Creatures ears stand) are placed its two black shining goggle eyes |
| B B, looking backwards, and fenced round with several small cilia or hairs |
| that incompass it, so that it seems this Creature has no very good foresight: |
| It does not seem to have any eyelids, and therefore perhaps its eyes were |
| so placed, that it might the better cleanse them with its forelegs; and perhaps |
| this may be the reason, why they so much avoid and run from the light behind |
| them, for being made to live in the shady and dark recesses of the hair, |
| and thence probably their eye having a great aperture, the open and clear |
| light, especially that of the Sun, must needs very much offend them; to secure |
| these eyes from receiving any injury from the hairs through which it passes, |
| it has two horns that grow before it, in the place where one would have thought |
| the eyes should be; each of these C C have four joynts, which are fringed, |
| as 'twere, with small brisles, from which to the tip of its snout D, the |
| head seems very round and tapering, ending in a very sharp nose D, which |
| seems to have a small hole, and to be the passage through which he sucks |
| the blood. </font></p> |
| <p> </p> |
| <p><img src="images/Octavo/bug2.jpg" width="537" height="348"></p> |
| <p><font size="4">Now whereas it if be plac'd on its back, with its belly |
| upwards, as it is in the 35. Scheme, it seems in several Positions to have |
| a resemblance of chaps, or jaws, as is represented in the Figure by E E, |
| yet in other postures those dark strokes disappear; and having kept several |
| of them in a box for two or three dayes, so that for all that time they had |
| nothing to feed on, I found, upon letting onecreep on my hand, that it immediately |
| fell to sucking, and did neither seem to thrust its nose very deep into the |
| skin, nor to open any kind of mouth, but I could plainly perceive a small |
| current of blood, which came directly from its snout, and past into its belly; |
| and about A there seem'd a contrivance, somewhat resembling a Pump, pair |
| of Bellows, or Heart, for by a very swift systole and diastole the blood |
| seem'd drawn from the nose, and forced into the body. </font></p> |
| <p><font size="4">It did not seem at all, though I viewed it a good while as |
| it was sucking, to thrust more of its nose into the skin then the very snout |
| D, nor did it cause the least discernable pain, and yet the blood seem'd |
| to run through its head very quick and freely, so that it seems there is |
| no part of the skin but the blood is dispers'd into, nay, even into the |
| cuticula; for had it thrust its whole nose in from D to C C, it would not |
| have amounted to the supposed thickness of that tegument, the length of |
| the nose being not more then a three hundredth part of an inch. </font></p> |
| <p><font size="4">It has six legs, covered with a very transparent shell, |
| and joynted exactly like a Crab's, or Lobster's; each leg is divided into |
| six parts by these joynts, and those have here and there several small hairs; |
| and at the end of each leg it has two claws, very properly adapted for its |
| peculiar use, being thereby inabled to walk very securely both on the skin |
| and hair; and indeed this contrivance of the feet is very curious, and could |
| not be made more commodiously and compendiously, for performing both these |
| requisite motions, of walking and climbing up the hair of a mans head, then |
| it is : for, by having the lesser claw (a) set so much short of the bigger |
| (b) when it walks on the skin the shorter touches not, and then the feet |
| are the same with those of a Mite, and several other small Insects, but by |
| means of the small joynts of the longer claw it can bend it round, and so |
| with both claws take hold of a hair, in the manner represented in the Figure, |
| the long transparent Cylinder F F F, being a Man's hair held by it. </font></p> |
| <p><font size="4">The Thorax seem'd cas'd with another kind of substance then |
| the belly, namely, with a thin transparent horny substance, which upon the fasting |
| of the Creature did not grow flaccid; through this I could plainly see the |
| blood, suck'd from my hand, to be variously distributed, and mov'd to and |
| fro; and about G there seem'd a pretty big white substance, which seem'd |
| to be moved within its thorax; besides, there appear'd very many small milk-white |
| vessels, which crost over the breast between the legs, out of which, on |
| either side, are many small branchings, these seem'd to be the veins and |
| arteries, for that which is analogus to blood in all Insects is milk-white. |
| </font></p> |
| <p><font size="4">The belly is covered with a transparent substance likewise, |
| but more resembling a skin then a shell, for 'tis grain'd all over the belly |
| just like the skin in the palms of a man's hand, and when the belly is empty, |
| grows very flaccid and wrinkled ; at the upper end of this is placed the |
| stomach H H, and perhaps also the white spot I I may be the liver, or pancreas, |
| which by the peristaltick motion of the guts, is a little mov'd to and fro, |
| not with a systole and diastole, but rather with a thronging or justling |
| motion. </font></p> |
| <p><font size="4">Viewing one of these Creatures, after it had fasted two |
| dayes, all the hinder part was lank and flaccid, and the white spot I I |
| hardly mov'd, most of the white branchings disappear'd, and most also of |
| the redness or sucked blood in the guts, the peristaltick motion of which |
| was scarce discernable; but upon the suffering it to suck, it presently |
| fill'd the skin of the belly, and of the six scolop'd embosments on either side, |
| as full as it could be stuft ; the stomach and guts were as full as they |
| could hold; the peristaltick motion of the gut grew quick, and the justling |
| motion of I I accordingly ; multitudes of milk-white vessels seem'd quickly |
| filled, and turgid, which were perhaps the veins and arteries, and the Creature |
| was so greedy, that though it could not contain more, yet it continued sucking |
| as fast as ever, and as fast emptying it self behind : the digestion of this |
| Creature must needs be very quick, for though I perceiv'd the blood thicker |
| and blacker when suck'd, yet, when in the guts, it was of a very lovely |
| ruby colour, and that part of it, which was digested into the veins, seemed |
| white; whence it appears, that a further digestion of blood may make it |
| milk, at least of a resembling colour : What is else observable in the figure |
| of this Creature, maybe seen by the 35. Scheme.</font></p> |
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