arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c

/*
 * Based on arch/arm/mm/mmu.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
 * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/nodemask.h>
#include <linux/memblock.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>

#include <asm/cputype.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
#include <asm/setup.h>
#include <asm/sizes.h>
#include <asm/tlb.h>
#include <asm/mmu_context.h>

#include "mm.h"

/*
 * Empty_zero_page is a special page that is used for zero-initialized data
 * and COW.
 */
struct page *empty_zero_page;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(empty_zero_page);

pgprot_t pgprot_default;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pgprot_default);

static pmdval_t prot_sect_kernel;

struct cachepolicy {
	const char	policy[16];
	u64		mair;
	u64		tcr;
};

static struct cachepolicy cache_policies[] __initdata = {
	{
		.policy		= "uncached",
		.mair		= 0x44,			/* inner, outer non-cacheable */
		.tcr		= TCR_IRGN_NC | TCR_ORGN_NC,
	}, {
		.policy		= "writethrough",
		.mair		= 0xaa,			/* inner, outer write-through, read-allocate */
		.tcr		= TCR_IRGN_WT | TCR_ORGN_WT,
	}, {
		.policy		= "writeback",
		.mair		= 0xee,			/* inner, outer write-back, read-allocate */
		.tcr		= TCR_IRGN_WBnWA | TCR_ORGN_WBnWA,
	}
};

#ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_MEMORY_RWX
static struct {
	pmd_t *pmd;
	pmd_t saved_pmd;
	bool made_writeable;
} mem_unprotect;

static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(mem_text_writeable_lock);

void mem_text_writeable_spinlock(unsigned long *flags)
{
	spin_lock_irqsave(&mem_text_writeable_lock, *flags);
}

void mem_text_writeable_spinunlock(unsigned long *flags)
{
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&mem_text_writeable_lock, *flags);
}

/*
 * mem_text_address_writeable() and mem_text_address_restore()
 * should be called as a pair. They are used to make the
 * specified address in the kernel text section temporarily writeable
 * when it has been marked read-only by STRICT_MEMORY_RWX.
 * Used by kprobes and other debugging tools to set breakpoints etc.
 * mem_text_address_writeable() is invoked before writing.
 * After the write, mem_text_address_restore() must be called
 * to restore the original state.
 * This is only effective when used on the kernel text section
 * marked as PMD_SECT_RDONLY by get_pmd_prot_sect_kernel()
 *
 * They must each be called with mem_text_writeable_lock locked
 * by the caller, with no unlocking between the calls.
 * The caller should release mem_text_writeable_lock immediately
 * after the call to mem_text_address_restore().
 * Only the write and associated cache operations should be performed
 * between the calls.
 */

/* this function must be called with mem_text_writeable_lock held */
void mem_text_address_writeable(u64 addr)
{
	pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
	pud_t *pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
	u64 addr_aligned;

	mem_unprotect.made_writeable = 0;

	if ((addr < (u64)_stext) || (addr >= (u64)__start_rodata))
		return;

	mem_unprotect.pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
	addr_aligned = addr & PAGE_MASK;
	mem_unprotect.saved_pmd = *mem_unprotect.pmd;
	if ((mem_unprotect.saved_pmd & PMD_TYPE_MASK) != PMD_TYPE_SECT)
		return;

	set_pmd(mem_unprotect.pmd,
		__pmd(__pa(addr_aligned) | prot_sect_kernel));
	flush_tlb_kernel_range(addr, addr + PAGE_SIZE);

	mem_unprotect.made_writeable = 1;
}

/* this function must be called with mem_text_writeable_lock held */
void mem_text_address_restore(u64 addr)
{
	if (mem_unprotect.made_writeable) {
		*mem_unprotect.pmd = mem_unprotect.saved_pmd;
		flush_tlb_kernel_range(addr, addr + PAGE_SIZE);
	}
}
#else
static inline void mem_text_writeable_spinlock(unsigned long *flags) {};
static inline void mem_text_address_writeable(u64 addr) {};
static inline void mem_text_address_restore(u64 addr) {};
static inline void mem_text_writeable_spinunlock(unsigned long *flags) {};
#endif

void mem_text_write_kernel_word(u32 *addr, u32 word)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	mem_text_writeable_spinlock(&flags);
	mem_text_address_writeable((u64)addr);
	*addr = word;
	flush_icache_range((unsigned long)addr,
			   ((unsigned long)addr + sizeof(long)));
	mem_text_address_restore((u64)addr);
	mem_text_writeable_spinunlock(&flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(mem_text_write_kernel_word);

/*
 * These are useful for identifying cache coherency problems by allowing the
 * cache or the cache and writebuffer to be turned off. It changes the Normal
 * memory caching attributes in the MAIR_EL1 register.
 */
static int __init early_cachepolicy(char *p)
{
	int i;
	u64 tmp;

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(cache_policies); i++) {
		int len = strlen(cache_policies[i].policy);

		if (memcmp(p, cache_policies[i].policy, len) == 0)
			break;
	}
	if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(cache_policies)) {
		pr_err("ERROR: unknown or unsupported cache policy: %s\n", p);
		return 0;
	}

	flush_cache_all();

	/*
	 * Modify MT_NORMAL attributes in MAIR_EL1.
	 */
	asm volatile(
	"	mrs	%0, mair_el1\n"
	"	bfi	%0, %1, #%2, #8\n"
	"	msr	mair_el1, %0\n"
	"	isb\n"
	: "=&r" (tmp)
	: "r" (cache_policies[i].mair), "i" (MT_NORMAL * 8));

	/*
	 * Modify TCR PTW cacheability attributes.
	 */
	asm volatile(
	"	mrs	%0, tcr_el1\n"
	"	bic	%0, %0, %2\n"
	"	orr	%0, %0, %1\n"
	"	msr	tcr_el1, %0\n"
	"	isb\n"
	: "=&r" (tmp)
	: "r" (cache_policies[i].tcr), "r" (TCR_IRGN_MASK | TCR_ORGN_MASK));

	flush_cache_all();

	return 0;
}
early_param("cachepolicy", early_cachepolicy);

/*
 * Adjust the PMD section entries according to the CPU in use.
 */
void __init init_mem_pgprot(void)
{
	pteval_t default_pgprot;
	int i;

	default_pgprot = PTE_ATTRINDX(MT_NORMAL);
	prot_sect_kernel = PMD_TYPE_SECT | PMD_SECT_AF | PMD_ATTRINDX(MT_NORMAL);

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
	/*
	 * Mark memory with the "shared" attribute for SMP systems
	 */
	default_pgprot |= PTE_SHARED;
	prot_sect_kernel |= PMD_SECT_S;
#endif

	for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
		unsigned long v = pgprot_val(protection_map[i]);
		protection_map[i] = __pgprot(v | default_pgprot);
	}

	pgprot_default = __pgprot(PTE_TYPE_PAGE | PTE_AF | default_pgprot);
}

pgprot_t phys_mem_access_prot(struct file *file, unsigned long pfn,
			      unsigned long size, pgprot_t vma_prot)
{
	if (!pfn_valid(pfn))
		return pgprot_noncached(vma_prot);
	else if (file->f_flags & O_SYNC)
		return pgprot_writecombine(vma_prot);
	return vma_prot;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(phys_mem_access_prot);

static void __init *early_alloc(unsigned long sz)
{
	void *ptr = __va(memblock_alloc(sz, sz));
	memset(ptr, 0, sz);
	return ptr;
}

static void __init alloc_init_pte(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
				  unsigned long end, unsigned long pfn,
				  pgprot_t prot)
{
	pte_t *pte;

	if (pmd_none(*pmd)) {
		pte = early_alloc(PTRS_PER_PTE * sizeof(pte_t));
		__pmd_populate(pmd, __pa(pte), PMD_TYPE_TABLE);
	}
	BUG_ON(pmd_bad(*pmd));

	pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, addr);
	do {
		set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(pfn, prot));
		pfn++;
	} while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_MEMORY_RWX
pmdval_t get_pmd_prot_sect_kernel(unsigned long addr)
{
	if (addr >= (unsigned long)__init_data_begin)
		return prot_sect_kernel | PMD_SECT_PXN;
	if (addr >= (unsigned long)__init_begin)
		return prot_sect_kernel | PMD_SECT_RDONLY;
	if (addr >= (unsigned long)__start_rodata)
		return prot_sect_kernel | PMD_SECT_RDONLY | PMD_SECT_PXN;
	if (addr >= (unsigned long)_stext)
		return prot_sect_kernel | PMD_SECT_RDONLY;
	return prot_sect_kernel | PMD_SECT_PXN;
}
#else
pmdval_t get_pmd_prot_sect_kernel(unsigned long addr)
{
	return prot_sect_kernel;
}
#endif

static void __init alloc_init_pmd(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr,
				  unsigned long end, phys_addr_t phys,
				  int map_io, bool pages)
{
	pmd_t *pmd;
	unsigned long next;
	pmdval_t prot_sect;
	pgprot_t prot_pte;

	if (map_io) {
		prot_sect = PMD_TYPE_SECT | PMD_SECT_AF |
			    PMD_ATTRINDX(MT_DEVICE_nGnRE);
		prot_pte = __pgprot(PROT_DEVICE_nGnRE);
	} else {
		prot_sect = prot_sect_kernel;
		prot_pte = PAGE_KERNEL;
	}

	/*
	 * Check for initial section mappings in the pgd/pud and remove them.
	 */
	if (pud_none(*pud) || pud_bad(*pud)) {
		pmd = early_alloc(PTRS_PER_PMD * sizeof(pmd_t));
		pud_populate(&init_mm, pud, pmd);
	}

	pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
	do {
		next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
		/* try section mapping first */
		if (!pages && ((addr | next | phys) & ~SECTION_MASK) == 0) {
			pmd_t old_pmd =*pmd;
			set_pmd(pmd,
				__pmd(phys | get_pmd_prot_sect_kernel(addr)));
			/*
			 * Check for previous table entries created during
			 * boot (__create_page_tables) and flush them.
			 */
			if (!pmd_none(old_pmd))
				flush_tlb_all();
		} else {
			alloc_init_pte(pmd, addr, next, __phys_to_pfn(phys),
				       prot_pte);
		}
		phys += next - addr;
	} while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
}

static void __init alloc_init_pud(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
				  unsigned long end, unsigned long phys,
				  int map_io, bool force_pages)
{
	pud_t *pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
	unsigned long next;

	do {
		next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
		alloc_init_pmd(pud, addr, next, phys, map_io, force_pages);
		phys += next - addr;
	} while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
}

/*
 * Create the page directory entries and any necessary page tables for the
 * mapping specified by 'md'.
 */
static void __init __create_mapping(pgd_t *pgd, phys_addr_t phys,
				    unsigned long virt, phys_addr_t size,
				    int map_io, bool force_pages)
{
	unsigned long addr, length, end, next;

	addr = virt & PAGE_MASK;
	length = PAGE_ALIGN(size + (virt & ~PAGE_MASK));

	end = addr + length;
	do {
		next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
		alloc_init_pud(pgd, addr, next, phys, map_io, force_pages);
		phys += next - addr;
	} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
}

static void __init create_mapping(phys_addr_t phys, unsigned long virt,
				  phys_addr_t size, bool force_pages)
{
	if (virt < VMALLOC_START) {
		pr_warn("BUG: not creating mapping for %pa at 0x%016lx - outside kernel range\n",
			&phys, virt);
		return;
	}
	__create_mapping(pgd_offset_k(virt & PAGE_MASK), phys, virt, size, 0, force_pages);
}

void __init create_id_mapping(phys_addr_t addr, phys_addr_t size, int map_io)
{
	if ((addr >> PGDIR_SHIFT) >= ARRAY_SIZE(idmap_pg_dir)) {
		pr_warn("BUG: not creating id mapping for %pa\n", &addr);
		return;
	}
	__create_mapping(&idmap_pg_dir[pgd_index(addr)],
			 addr, addr, size, map_io, false);
}

static inline pmd_t *pmd_off_k(unsigned long virt)
{
	return pmd_offset(pud_offset(pgd_offset_k(virt), virt), virt);
}

void __init remap_as_pages(unsigned long start, unsigned long size)
{
	unsigned long addr;
	unsigned long end = start + size;

	/*
	 * Clear previous low-memory mapping
	 */
	for (addr = __phys_to_virt(start); addr < __phys_to_virt(end);
	     addr += PMD_SIZE)
		pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr));

	create_mapping(start, __phys_to_virt(start), size, true);
}

struct dma_contig_early_reserve {
	phys_addr_t base;
	unsigned long size;
};

static struct dma_contig_early_reserve dma_mmu_remap[MAX_CMA_AREAS] __initdata;

static int dma_mmu_remap_num __initdata;

void __init dma_contiguous_early_fixup(phys_addr_t base, unsigned long size)
{
	dma_mmu_remap[dma_mmu_remap_num].base = base;
	dma_mmu_remap[dma_mmu_remap_num].size = size;
	dma_mmu_remap_num++;
}

static void __init dma_contiguous_remap(void)
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < dma_mmu_remap_num; i++)
		remap_as_pages(dma_mmu_remap[i].base,
			       dma_mmu_remap[i].size);
}



static void __init map_mem(void)
{
	struct memblock_region *reg;
	phys_addr_t limit;

	/*
	 * Temporarily limit the memblock range. We need to do this as
	 * create_mapping requires puds, pmds and ptes to be allocated from
	 * memory addressable from the initial direct kernel mapping.
	 *
	 * The initial direct kernel mapping, located at swapper_pg_dir,
	 * gives us PGDIR_SIZE memory starting from PHYS_OFFSET (which must be
	 * aligned to 2MB as per Documentation/arm64/booting.txt).
	 */
	limit = PHYS_OFFSET + PGDIR_SIZE;
	memblock_set_current_limit(limit);

	/* map all the memory banks */
	for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
		phys_addr_t start = reg->base;
		phys_addr_t end = start + reg->size;

		if (start >= end)
			break;

#ifndef CONFIG_ARM64_64K_PAGES
		/*
		 * For the first memory bank align the start address and
		 * current memblock limit to prevent create_mapping() from
		 * allocating pte page tables from unmapped memory.
		 * When 64K pages are enabled, the pte page table for the
		 * first PGDIR_SIZE is already present in swapper_pg_dir.
		 */
		if (start < limit)
			start = ALIGN(start, PMD_SIZE);
		if (end < limit) {
			limit = end & PMD_MASK;
			memblock_set_current_limit(limit);
		}
#endif

		create_mapping(start, __phys_to_virt(start), end - start,
					false);
	}

	/* Limit no longer required. */
	memblock_set_current_limit(MEMBLOCK_ALLOC_ANYWHERE);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_FORCE_PAGES
static noinline void split_pmd(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr,
				unsigned long end, unsigned long pfn)
{
	pte_t *pte, *start_pte;

	start_pte = early_alloc(PTRS_PER_PTE * sizeof(pte_t));
	pte = start_pte;

	do {
		set_pte(pte, pfn_pte(pfn, PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC));
		pfn++;
	} while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);

	set_pmd(pmd, __pmd((__pa(start_pte)) | PMD_TYPE_TABLE));
}

static noinline void __init remap_pages(void)
{
	struct memblock_region *reg;

	for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
		phys_addr_t phys_pgd = reg->base;
		phys_addr_t phys_end = reg->base + reg->size;
		unsigned long addr_pgd = (unsigned long)__va(phys_pgd);
		unsigned long end = (unsigned long)__va(phys_end);
		pmd_t *pmd = NULL;
		pud_t *pud = NULL;
		pgd_t *pgd = NULL;
		unsigned long next_pud, next_pmd, next_pgd;
		unsigned long addr_pmd, addr_pud;
		phys_addr_t phys_pud, phys_pmd;

		if (phys_pgd >= phys_end)
			break;

		pgd = pgd_offset(&init_mm, addr_pgd);
		do {
			next_pgd = pgd_addr_end(addr_pgd, end);
			pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr_pgd);
			addr_pud = addr_pgd;
			phys_pud = phys_pgd;
			do {
				next_pud = pud_addr_end(addr_pud, next_pgd);
				pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr_pud);
				addr_pmd = addr_pud;
				phys_pmd = phys_pud;
				do {
					next_pmd = pmd_addr_end(addr_pmd,
								next_pud);
					if (pmd_none(*pmd) || pmd_bad(*pmd))
						split_pmd(pmd, addr_pmd,
					next_pmd, __phys_to_pfn(phys_pmd));
					pmd++;
					phys_pmd += next_pmd - addr_pmd;
				} while (addr_pmd = next_pmd,
						addr_pmd < next_pud);
				phys_pud += next_pud - addr_pud;
			} while (pud++, addr_pud = next_pud,
						addr_pud < next_pgd);
			phys_pgd += next_pgd - addr_pgd;
		} while (pgd++, addr_pgd = next_pgd, addr_pgd < end);
	}
}

#else
static void __init remap_pages(void)
{

}
#endif

/*
 * paging_init() sets up the page tables, initialises the zone memory
 * maps and sets up the zero page.
 */
void __init paging_init(void)
{
	void *zero_page;

	map_mem();
	dma_contiguous_remap();
	remap_pages();

	/*
	 * Finally flush the caches and tlb to ensure that we're in a
	 * consistent state.
	 */
	flush_cache_all();
	flush_tlb_all();

	/* allocate the zero page. */
	zero_page = early_alloc(PAGE_SIZE);

	bootmem_init();

	empty_zero_page = virt_to_page(zero_page);

	/*
	 * TTBR0 is only used for the identity mapping at this stage. Make it
	 * point to zero page to avoid speculatively fetching new entries.
	 */
	cpu_set_reserved_ttbr0();
	flush_tlb_all();
}

/*
 * Enable the identity mapping to allow the MMU disabling.
 */
void setup_mm_for_reboot(void)
{
	cpu_switch_mm(idmap_pg_dir, &init_mm);
	flush_tlb_all();
}

/*
 * Check whether a kernel address is valid (derived from arch/x86/).
 */
int kern_addr_valid(unsigned long addr)
{
	pgd_t *pgd;
	pud_t *pud;
	pmd_t *pmd;
	pte_t *pte;

	if ((((long)addr) >> VA_BITS) != -1UL)
		return 0;

	pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
	if (pgd_none(*pgd))
		return 0;

	pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
	if (pud_none(*pud))
		return 0;

	pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
	if (pmd_none(*pmd))
		return 0;

	if (pmd_sect(*pmd))
		return pfn_valid(pmd_pfn(*pmd));

	pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, addr);
	if (pte_none(*pte))
		return 0;

	return pfn_valid(pte_pfn(*pte));
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
#ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_64K_PAGES
int __meminit vmemmap_populate(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int node)
{
	return vmemmap_populate_basepages(start, end, node);
}
#else	/* !CONFIG_ARM64_64K_PAGES */
int __meminit vmemmap_populate(unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int node)
{
	unsigned long addr = start;
	unsigned long next;
	pgd_t *pgd;
	pud_t *pud;
	pmd_t *pmd;

	do {
		next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);

		pgd = vmemmap_pgd_populate(addr, node);
		if (!pgd)
			return -ENOMEM;

		pud = vmemmap_pud_populate(pgd, addr, node);
		if (!pud)
			return -ENOMEM;

		pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
		if (pmd_none(*pmd)) {
			void *p = NULL;

			p = vmemmap_alloc_block_buf(PMD_SIZE, node);
			if (!p)
				return -ENOMEM;

			set_pmd(pmd, __pmd(__pa(p) | prot_sect_kernel));
		} else
			vmemmap_verify((pte_t *)pmd, node, addr, next);
	} while (addr = next, addr != end);

	return 0;
}
#endif	/* CONFIG_ARM64_64K_PAGES */
void vmemmap_free(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
}
#endif	/* CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP */