/*
 * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package android.util;

import android.annotation.NonNull;
import android.os.Parcel;

import com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils;
import com.android.internal.util.GrowingArrayUtils;
import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
import com.android.internal.util.function.LongObjPredicate;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * SparseArray mapping longs to Objects.  Unlike a normal array of Objects,
 * there can be gaps in the indices.  It is intended to be more memory efficient
 * than using a HashMap to map Longs to Objects, both because it avoids
 * auto-boxing keys and its data structure doesn't rely on an extra entry object
 * for each mapping.
 *
 * <p>Note that this container keeps its mappings in an array data structure,
 * using a binary search to find keys.  The implementation is not intended to be appropriate for
 * data structures
 * that may contain large numbers of items.  It is generally slower than a traditional
 * HashMap, since lookups require a binary search and adds and removes require inserting
 * and deleting entries in the array.  For containers holding up to hundreds of items,
 * the performance difference is not significant, less than 50%.</p>
 *
 * <p>To help with performance, the container includes an optimization when removing
 * keys: instead of compacting its array immediately, it leaves the removed entry marked
 * as deleted.  The entry can then be re-used for the same key, or compacted later in
 * a single garbage collection step of all removed entries.  This garbage collection will
 * need to be performed at any time the array needs to be grown or the the map size or
 * entry values are retrieved.</p>
 *
 * <p>It is possible to iterate over the items in this container using
 * {@link #keyAt(int)} and {@link #valueAt(int)}. Iterating over the keys using
 * <code>keyAt(int)</code> with ascending values of the index will return the
 * keys in ascending order, or the values corresponding to the keys in ascending
 * order in the case of <code>valueAt(int)</code>.</p>
 */
public class LongSparseArray<E> implements Cloneable {
    private static final Object DELETED = new Object();
    private boolean mGarbage = false;

    private long[] mKeys;
    private Object[] mValues;
    private int mSize;

    /**
     * Creates a new LongSparseArray containing no mappings.
     */
    public LongSparseArray() {
        this(10);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new LongSparseArray containing no mappings that will not
     * require any additional memory allocation to store the specified
     * number of mappings.  If you supply an initial capacity of 0, the
     * sparse array will be initialized with a light-weight representation
     * not requiring any additional array allocations.
     */
    public LongSparseArray(int initialCapacity) {
        if (initialCapacity == 0) {
            mKeys = EmptyArray.LONG;
            mValues = EmptyArray.OBJECT;
        } else {
            mKeys = ArrayUtils.newUnpaddedLongArray(initialCapacity);
            mValues = ArrayUtils.newUnpaddedObjectArray(initialCapacity);
        }
        mSize = 0;
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public LongSparseArray<E> clone() {
        LongSparseArray<E> clone = null;
        try {
            clone = (LongSparseArray<E>) super.clone();
            clone.mKeys = mKeys.clone();
            clone.mValues = mValues.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException cnse) {
            /* ignore */
        }
        return clone;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the Object mapped from the specified key, or <code>null</code>
     * if no such mapping has been made.
     */
    public E get(long key) {
        return get(key, null);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the Object mapped from the specified key, or the specified Object
     * if no such mapping has been made.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public E get(long key, E valueIfKeyNotFound) {
        int i = ContainerHelpers.binarySearch(mKeys, mSize, key);

        if (i < 0 || mValues[i] == DELETED) {
            return valueIfKeyNotFound;
        } else {
            return (E) mValues[i];
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes the mapping from the specified key, if there was any.
     */
    public void delete(long key) {
        int i = ContainerHelpers.binarySearch(mKeys, mSize, key);

        if (i >= 0) {
            if (mValues[i] != DELETED) {
                mValues[i] = DELETED;
                mGarbage = true;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Alias for {@link #delete(long)}.
     */
    public void remove(long key) {
        delete(key);
    }

    /** @hide */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public void removeIf(@NonNull LongObjPredicate<? super E> filter) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(filter);
        for (int i = 0; i < mSize; ++i) {
            if (mValues[i] != DELETED && filter.test(mKeys[i], (E) mValues[i])) {
                mValues[i] = DELETED;
                mGarbage = true;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes the mapping at the specified index.
     *
     * <p>For indices outside of the range <code>0...size()-1</code>, the behavior is undefined for
     * apps targeting {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#P} and earlier, and an
     * {@link ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException} is thrown for apps targeting
     * {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#Q} and later.</p>
     */
    public void removeAt(int index) {
        if (index >= mSize && UtilConfig.sThrowExceptionForUpperArrayOutOfBounds) {
            // The array might be slightly bigger than mSize, in which case, indexing won't fail.
            // Check if exception should be thrown outside of the critical path.
            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
        }
        if (mValues[index] != DELETED) {
            mValues[index] = DELETED;
            mGarbage = true;
        }
    }

    private void gc() {
        // Log.e("SparseArray", "gc start with " + mSize);

        int n = mSize;
        int o = 0;
        long[] keys = mKeys;
        Object[] values = mValues;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            Object val = values[i];

            if (val != DELETED) {
                if (i != o) {
                    keys[o] = keys[i];
                    values[o] = val;
                    values[i] = null;
                }

                o++;
            }
        }

        mGarbage = false;
        mSize = o;

        // Log.e("SparseArray", "gc end with " + mSize);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index of the first element whose key is greater than or equal to the given key.
     *
     * @param key The key for which to search the array.
     * @return The smallest {@code index} for which {@code (keyAt(index) >= key)} is
     * {@code true}, or {@link #size() size} if no such {@code index} exists.
     * @hide
     */
    public int firstIndexOnOrAfter(long key) {
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }
        final int index = Arrays.binarySearch(mKeys, 0, size(), key);
        return (index >= 0) ? index : -index - 1;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index of the last element whose key is less than or equal to the given key.
     *
     * @param key The key for which to search the array.
     * @return The largest {@code index} for which {@code (keyAt(index) <= key)} is
     * {@code true}, or {@code -1} if no such {@code index} exists.
     * @hide
     */
    public int lastIndexOnOrBefore(long key) {
        final int index = firstIndexOnOrAfter(key);

        if (index < size() && keyAt(index) == key) {
            return index;
        }
        return index - 1;
    }

    /**
     * Adds a mapping from the specified key to the specified value,
     * replacing the previous mapping from the specified key if there
     * was one.
     */
    public void put(long key, E value) {
        int i = ContainerHelpers.binarySearch(mKeys, mSize, key);

        if (i >= 0) {
            mValues[i] = value;
        } else {
            i = ~i;

            if (i < mSize && mValues[i] == DELETED) {
                mKeys[i] = key;
                mValues[i] = value;
                return;
            }

            if (mGarbage && mSize >= mKeys.length) {
                gc();

                // Search again because indices may have changed.
                i = ~ContainerHelpers.binarySearch(mKeys, mSize, key);
            }

            mKeys = GrowingArrayUtils.insert(mKeys, mSize, i, key);
            mValues = GrowingArrayUtils.insert(mValues, mSize, i, value);
            mSize++;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of key-value mappings that this LongSparseArray
     * currently stores.
     */
    public int size() {
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        return mSize;
    }

    /**
     * Given an index in the range <code>0...size()-1</code>, returns
     * the key from the <code>index</code>th key-value mapping that this
     * LongSparseArray stores.
     *
     * <p>The keys corresponding to indices in ascending order are guaranteed to
     * be in ascending order, e.g., <code>keyAt(0)</code> will return the
     * smallest key and <code>keyAt(size()-1)</code> will return the largest
     * key.</p>
     *
     * <p>For indices outside of the range <code>0...size()-1</code>, the behavior is undefined for
     * apps targeting {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#P} and earlier, and an
     * {@link ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException} is thrown for apps targeting
     * {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#Q} and later.</p>
     */
    public long keyAt(int index) {
        if (index >= mSize && UtilConfig.sThrowExceptionForUpperArrayOutOfBounds) {
            // The array might be slightly bigger than mSize, in which case, indexing won't fail.
            // Check if exception should be thrown outside of the critical path.
            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
        }
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        return mKeys[index];
    }

    /**
     * Given an index in the range <code>0...size()-1</code>, returns
     * the value from the <code>index</code>th key-value mapping that this
     * LongSparseArray stores.
     *
     * <p>The values corresponding to indices in ascending order are guaranteed
     * to be associated with keys in ascending order, e.g.,
     * <code>valueAt(0)</code> will return the value associated with the
     * smallest key and <code>valueAt(size()-1)</code> will return the value
     * associated with the largest key.</p>
     *
     * <p>For indices outside of the range <code>0...size()-1</code>, the behavior is undefined for
     * apps targeting {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#P} and earlier, and an
     * {@link ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException} is thrown for apps targeting
     * {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#Q} and later.</p>
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public E valueAt(int index) {
        if (index >= mSize && UtilConfig.sThrowExceptionForUpperArrayOutOfBounds) {
            // The array might be slightly bigger than mSize, in which case, indexing won't fail.
            // Check if exception should be thrown outside of the critical path.
            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
        }
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        return (E) mValues[index];
    }

    /**
     * Given an index in the range <code>0...size()-1</code>, sets a new
     * value for the <code>index</code>th key-value mapping that this
     * LongSparseArray stores.
     *
     * <p>For indices outside of the range <code>0...size()-1</code>, the behavior is undefined for
     * apps targeting {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#P} and earlier, and an
     * {@link ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException} is thrown for apps targeting
     * {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#Q} and later.</p>
     */
    public void setValueAt(int index, E value) {
        if (index >= mSize && UtilConfig.sThrowExceptionForUpperArrayOutOfBounds) {
            // The array might be slightly bigger than mSize, in which case, indexing won't fail.
            // Check if exception should be thrown outside of the critical path.
            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
        }
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        mValues[index] = value;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index for which {@link #keyAt} would return the
     * specified key, or a negative number if the specified
     * key is not mapped.
     */
    public int indexOfKey(long key) {
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        return ContainerHelpers.binarySearch(mKeys, mSize, key);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an index for which {@link #valueAt} would return the
     * specified key, or a negative number if no keys map to the
     * specified value.
     * Beware that this is a linear search, unlike lookups by key,
     * and that multiple keys can map to the same value and this will
     * find only one of them.
     */
    public int indexOfValue(E value) {
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < mSize; i++) {
            if (mValues[i] == value) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Returns an index for which {@link #valueAt} would return the
     * specified key, or a negative number if no keys map to the
     * specified value.
     * <p>Beware that this is a linear search, unlike lookups by key,
     * and that multiple keys can map to the same value and this will
     * find only one of them.
     * <p>Note also that this method uses {@code equals} unlike {@code indexOfValue}.
     * @hide
     */
    public int indexOfValueByValue(E value) {
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < mSize; i++) {
            if (value == null) {
                if (mValues[i] == null) {
                    return i;
                }
            } else {
                if (value.equals(mValues[i])) {
                    return i;
                }
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Removes all key-value mappings from this LongSparseArray.
     */
    public void clear() {
        int n = mSize;
        Object[] values = mValues;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            values[i] = null;
        }

        mSize = 0;
        mGarbage = false;
    }

    /**
     * Puts a key/value pair into the array, optimizing for the case where
     * the key is greater than all existing keys in the array.
     */
    public void append(long key, E value) {
        if (mSize != 0 && key <= mKeys[mSize - 1]) {
            put(key, value);
            return;
        }

        if (mGarbage && mSize >= mKeys.length) {
            gc();
        }

        mKeys = GrowingArrayUtils.append(mKeys, mSize, key);
        mValues = GrowingArrayUtils.append(mValues, mSize, value);
        mSize++;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * <p>This implementation composes a string by iterating over its mappings. If
     * this map contains itself as a value, the string "(this Map)"
     * will appear in its place.
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        if (size() <= 0) {
            return "{}";
        }

        StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(mSize * 28);
        buffer.append('{');
        for (int i=0; i<mSize; i++) {
            if (i > 0) {
                buffer.append(", ");
            }
            long key = keyAt(i);
            buffer.append(key);
            buffer.append('=');
            Object value = valueAt(i);
            if (value != this) {
                buffer.append(value);
            } else {
                buffer.append("(this Map)");
            }
        }
        buffer.append('}');
        return buffer.toString();
    }

    /**
     * @hide
     */
    public static class StringParcelling implements
            com.android.internal.util.Parcelling<LongSparseArray<String>> {
        @Override
        public void parcel(LongSparseArray<String> array, Parcel dest, int parcelFlags) {
            if (array == null) {
                dest.writeInt(-1);
                return;
            }

            int size = array.mSize;

            dest.writeInt(size);
            dest.writeLongArray(array.mKeys);

            dest.writeStringArray(Arrays.copyOfRange(array.mValues, 0, size, String[].class));
        }

        @Override
        public LongSparseArray<String> unparcel(Parcel source) {
            int size = source.readInt();
            if (size == -1) {
                return null;
            }

            LongSparseArray<String> array = new LongSparseArray<>(0);
            array.mSize = size;
            array.mKeys = source.createLongArray();
            array.mValues = source.createStringArray();

            // Make sure array is valid
            Preconditions.checkArgument(array.mKeys.length >= size);
            Preconditions.checkArgument(array.mValues.length >= size);

            if (size > 0) {
                long last = array.mKeys[0];
                for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) {
                    Preconditions.checkArgument(last < array.mKeys[i]);
                }
            }

            return array;
        }
    }
}