Initial stab at background check.

Actually, this implementation is more what we want for ephemeral
apps.  I am realizing the two are not really the same thing. :(

For this implementation, we now keep track of how long a uid has
been in the background, and after a certain amount of time
(currently 1 minute) we mark it as "idle".  Any packages associated
with that uid are then no longer allowed to run in the background.
This means, until the app next goes in the foreground:

- No manifest broadcast receivers in the app will execute.
- No services can be started (binding services is still okay,
  as this is outside dependencies on the app that should still
  be represented).
- All alarms for the app are cancelled and no more can be set.
- All jobs for the app are cancelled and no more can be scheduled.
- All syncs for the app are cancelled and no more can be requested.

Change-Id: If53714ca4beed35faf2e89f916ce9eaaabd9290d
diff --git a/core/java/android/app/ActivityManager.java b/core/java/android/app/ActivityManager.java
index 65de4ca..00bba2d 100644
--- a/core/java/android/app/ActivityManager.java
+++ b/core/java/android/app/ActivityManager.java
@@ -327,12 +327,39 @@
     /** @hide Process is being cached for later use and is empty. */
     public static final int PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_EMPTY = 16;
 
+    /** @hide Should this process state be considered a background state? */
+    public static final boolean isProcStateBackground(int procState) {
+        return procState >= PROCESS_STATE_BACKUP;
+    }
+
     /** @hide requestType for assist context: only basic information. */
     public static final int ASSIST_CONTEXT_BASIC = 0;
 
     /** @hide requestType for assist context: generate full AssistStructure. */
     public static final int ASSIST_CONTEXT_FULL = 1;
 
+    /** @hide Flag for registerUidObserver: report changes in process state. */
+    public static final int UID_OBSERVER_PROCSTATE = 1<<0;
+
+    /** @hide Flag for registerUidObserver: report uid gone. */
+    public static final int UID_OBSERVER_GONE = 1<<1;
+
+    /** @hide Flag for registerUidObserver: report uid has become idle. */
+    public static final int UID_OBSERVER_IDLE = 1<<2;
+
+    /** @hide Flag for registerUidObserver: report uid has become active. */
+    public static final int UID_OBSERVER_ACTIVE = 1<<3;
+
+    /** @hide Mode for {@link IActivityManager#getAppStartMode}: normal free-to-run operation. */
+    public static final int APP_START_MODE_NORMAL = 0;
+
+    /** @hide Mode for {@link IActivityManager#getAppStartMode}: delay running until later. */
+    public static final int APP_START_MODE_DELAYED = 1;
+
+    /** @hide Mode for {@link IActivityManager#getAppStartMode}: disable/cancel pending
+     * launches. */
+    public static final int APP_START_MODE_DISABLED = 2;
+
     /**
      * Lock task mode is not active.
      */
diff --git a/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java b/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java
index 4449e4f..e246e620 100644
--- a/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java
+++ b/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java
@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@
             return true;
         }
 
-        case MOVE_TOP_ACTIVITY_TO_PINNED_STACK: {
+        case MOVE_TOP_ACTIVITY_TO_PINNED_STACK_TRANSACTION: {
             data.enforceInterface(IActivityManager.descriptor);
             final int stackId = data.readInt();
             final Rect r = Rect.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
@@ -2029,7 +2029,8 @@
             data.enforceInterface(IActivityManager.descriptor);
             IUidObserver observer = IUidObserver.Stub.asInterface(
                     data.readStrongBinder());
-            registerUidObserver(observer);
+            int which = data.readInt();
+            registerUidObserver(observer, which);
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -2698,13 +2699,22 @@
             reply.writeNoException();
             return true;
         }
-        case REMOVE_STACK: {
+        case REMOVE_STACK_TRANSACTION: {
             data.enforceInterface(IActivityManager.descriptor);
             final int stackId = data.readInt();
             removeStack(stackId);
             reply.writeNoException();
             return true;
         }
+        case GET_APP_START_MODE_TRANSACTION: {
+            data.enforceInterface(IActivityManager.descriptor);
+            final int uid = data.readInt();
+            final String pkg = data.readString();
+            int res = getAppStartMode(uid, pkg);
+            reply.writeNoException();
+            reply.writeInt(res);
+            return true;
+        }
         }
 
         return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
@@ -3579,7 +3589,7 @@
         data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
         data.writeInt(stackId);
         r.writeToParcel(data, 0);
-        mRemote.transact(MOVE_TOP_ACTIVITY_TO_PINNED_STACK, data, reply, 0);
+        mRemote.transact(MOVE_TOP_ACTIVITY_TO_PINNED_STACK_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
         reply.readException();
         final boolean res = reply.readInt() != 0;
         data.recycle();
@@ -5326,11 +5336,12 @@
         reply.recycle();
     }
 
-    public void registerUidObserver(IUidObserver observer) throws RemoteException {
+    public void registerUidObserver(IUidObserver observer, int which) throws RemoteException {
         Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
         Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
         data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
         data.writeStrongBinder(observer != null ? observer.asBinder() : null);
+        data.writeInt(which);
         mRemote.transact(REGISTER_UID_OBSERVER_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
         reply.readException();
         data.recycle();
@@ -6292,11 +6303,26 @@
         Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
         data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
         data.writeInt(stackId);
-        mRemote.transact(REMOVE_STACK, data, reply, 0);
+        mRemote.transact(REMOVE_STACK_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
         reply.readException();
         data.recycle();
         reply.recycle();
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public int getAppStartMode(int uid, String packageName) throws RemoteException {
+        Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
+        Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
+        data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
+        data.writeInt(uid);
+        data.writeString(packageName);
+        mRemote.transact(GET_APP_START_MODE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
+        reply.readException();
+        int res = reply.readInt();
+        data.recycle();
+        reply.recycle();
+        return res;
+    }
+
     private IBinder mRemote;
 }
diff --git a/core/java/android/app/AppOpsManager.java b/core/java/android/app/AppOpsManager.java
index 77a9795..f0453e9 100644
--- a/core/java/android/app/AppOpsManager.java
+++ b/core/java/android/app/AppOpsManager.java
@@ -237,8 +237,10 @@
     public static final int OP_TURN_SCREEN_ON = 61;
     /** @hide Get device accounts. */
     public static final int OP_GET_ACCOUNTS = 62;
+    /** @hide Control whether an application is allowed to run in the background. */
+    public static final int OP_RUN_IN_BACKGROUND = 63;
     /** @hide */
-    public static final int _NUM_OP = 63;
+    public static final int _NUM_OP = 64;
 
     /** Access to coarse location information. */
     public static final String OPSTR_COARSE_LOCATION = "android:coarse_location";
@@ -409,6 +411,7 @@
             OP_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
             OP_TURN_SCREEN_ON,
             OP_GET_ACCOUNTS,
+            OP_RUN_IN_BACKGROUND,
     };
 
     /**
@@ -478,7 +481,8 @@
             OPSTR_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
             OPSTR_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
             null,
-            OPSTR_GET_ACCOUNTS
+            OPSTR_GET_ACCOUNTS,
+            null,
     };
 
     /**
@@ -549,6 +553,7 @@
             "WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE",
             "TURN_ON_SCREEN",
             "GET_ACCOUNTS",
+            "RUN_IN_BACKGROUND",
     };
 
     /**
@@ -618,7 +623,8 @@
             Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
             Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
             null, // no permission for turning the screen on
-            Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
+            Manifest.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS,
+            null, // no permission for running in background
     };
 
     /**
@@ -690,6 +696,7 @@
             null, // WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
             null, // TURN_ON_SCREEN
             null, // GET_ACCOUNTS
+            null, // RUN_IN_BACKGROUND
     };
 
     /**
@@ -760,6 +767,7 @@
             false, // WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
             false, // TURN_ON_SCREEN
             false, // GET_ACCOUNTS
+            false, // RUN_IN_BACKGROUND
     };
 
     /**
@@ -829,6 +837,7 @@
             AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED,
             AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED,  // OP_TURN_ON_SCREEN
             AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED,
+            AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED,  // OP_RUN_IN_BACKGROUND
     };
 
     /**
@@ -901,7 +910,8 @@
             false,
             false,
             false,
-            false
+            false,
+            false,
     };
 
     /**
@@ -1329,7 +1339,7 @@
             IAppOpsCallback cb = mModeWatchers.get(callback);
             if (cb == null) {
                 cb = new IAppOpsCallback.Stub() {
-                    public void opChanged(int op, String packageName) {
+                    public void opChanged(int op, int uid, String packageName) {
                         if (callback instanceof OnOpChangedInternalListener) {
                             ((OnOpChangedInternalListener)callback).onOpChanged(op, packageName);
                         }
diff --git a/core/java/android/app/IActivityManager.java b/core/java/android/app/IActivityManager.java
index b69a480..3d0fc92 100644
--- a/core/java/android/app/IActivityManager.java
+++ b/core/java/android/app/IActivityManager.java
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@
     public void registerProcessObserver(IProcessObserver observer) throws RemoteException;
     public void unregisterProcessObserver(IProcessObserver observer) throws RemoteException;
 
-    public void registerUidObserver(IUidObserver observer) throws RemoteException;
+    public void registerUidObserver(IUidObserver observer, int which) throws RemoteException;
     public void unregisterUidObserver(IUidObserver observer) throws RemoteException;
 
     public boolean isIntentSenderTargetedToPackage(IIntentSender sender) throws RemoteException;
@@ -542,6 +542,8 @@
 
     public void removeStack(int stackId) throws RemoteException;
 
+    public int getAppStartMode(int uid, String packageName) throws RemoteException;
+
     /*
      * Private non-Binder interfaces
      */
@@ -899,6 +901,7 @@
     int REPORT_SIZE_CONFIGURATIONS = IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 345;
     int MOVE_TASK_TO_DOCKED_STACK_TRANSACTION = IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 346;
     int SUPPRESS_RESIZE_CONFIG_CHANGES_TRANSACTION = IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 347;
-    int REMOVE_STACK = IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 348;
-    int MOVE_TOP_ACTIVITY_TO_PINNED_STACK = IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 349;
+    int REMOVE_STACK_TRANSACTION = IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 348;
+    int MOVE_TOP_ACTIVITY_TO_PINNED_STACK_TRANSACTION = IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 349;
+    int GET_APP_START_MODE_TRANSACTION = IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 350;
 }
diff --git a/core/java/android/app/IUidObserver.aidl b/core/java/android/app/IUidObserver.aidl
index 308cb94..fa8d0c9 100644
--- a/core/java/android/app/IUidObserver.aidl
+++ b/core/java/android/app/IUidObserver.aidl
@@ -18,6 +18,24 @@
 
 /** {@hide} */
 oneway interface IUidObserver {
+    /**
+     * General report of a state change of an uid.
+     */
     void onUidStateChanged(int uid, int procState);
+
+    /**
+     * Report that there are no longer any processes running for a uid.
+     */
     void onUidGone(int uid);
+
+    /**
+     * Report that a uid is now active (no longer idle).
+     */
+    void onUidActive(int uid);
+
+    /**
+     * Report that a uid is idle -- it has either been running in the background for
+     * a sufficient period of time, or all of its processes have gone away.
+     */
+    void onUidIdle(int uid);
 }