/*
 * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License
 */

package com.android.server;

import android.Manifest.permission;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.INetworkScoreCache;
import android.net.INetworkScoreService;
import android.net.NetworkScoreManager;
import android.net.NetworkScorerAppManager;
import android.net.NetworkScorerAppManager.NetworkScorerAppData;
import android.net.ScoredNetwork;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.os.UserHandle;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;

import com.android.internal.R;
import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
import com.android.internal.content.PackageMonitor;

import java.io.FileDescriptor;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * Backing service for {@link android.net.NetworkScoreManager}.
 * @hide
 */
public class NetworkScoreService extends INetworkScoreService.Stub {
    private static final String TAG = "NetworkScoreService";
    private static final boolean DBG = false;

    private final Context mContext;
    private final Map<Integer, INetworkScoreCache> mScoreCaches;
    /** Lock used to update mPackageMonitor when scorer package changes occur. */
    private final Object mPackageMonitorLock = new Object[0];

    @GuardedBy("mPackageMonitorLock")
    private NetworkScorerPackageMonitor mPackageMonitor;
    private ScoringServiceConnection mServiceConnection;

    private BroadcastReceiver mUserIntentReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            final String action = intent.getAction();
            final int userId = intent.getIntExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER_HANDLE, UserHandle.USER_NULL);
            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Received " + action + " for userId " + userId);
            if (userId == UserHandle.USER_NULL) return;

            if (Intent.ACTION_USER_UNLOCKED.equals(action)) {
                onUserUnlocked(userId);
            }
        }
    };

    /**
     * Clears scores when the active scorer package is no longer valid and
     * manages the service connection.
     */
    private class NetworkScorerPackageMonitor extends PackageMonitor {
        final String mRegisteredPackage;

        private NetworkScorerPackageMonitor(String mRegisteredPackage) {
            this.mRegisteredPackage = mRegisteredPackage;
        }

        @Override
        public void onPackageAdded(String packageName, int uid) {
            evaluateBinding(packageName, true /* forceUnbind */);
        }

        @Override
        public void onPackageRemoved(String packageName, int uid) {
            evaluateBinding(packageName, true /* forceUnbind */);
        }

        @Override
        public void onPackageModified(String packageName) {
            evaluateBinding(packageName, false /* forceUnbind */);
        }

        @Override
        public boolean onHandleForceStop(Intent intent, String[] packages, int uid, boolean doit) {
            if (doit) { // "doit" means the force stop happened instead of just being queried for.
                for (String packageName : packages) {
                    evaluateBinding(packageName, true /* forceUnbind */);
                }
            }
            return super.onHandleForceStop(intent, packages, uid, doit);
        }

        @Override
        public void onPackageUpdateFinished(String packageName, int uid) {
            evaluateBinding(packageName, true /* forceUnbind */);
        }

        private void evaluateBinding(String scorerPackageName, boolean forceUnbind) {
            if (mRegisteredPackage.equals(scorerPackageName)) {
                if (DBG) {
                    Log.d(TAG, "Evaluating binding for: " + scorerPackageName
                            + ", forceUnbind=" + forceUnbind);
                }
                final NetworkScorerAppData activeScorer =
                        NetworkScorerAppManager.getActiveScorer(mContext);
                if (activeScorer == null) {
                    // Package change has invalidated a scorer, this will also unbind any service
                    // connection.
                    Log.i(TAG, "Package " + mRegisteredPackage +
                            " is no longer valid, disabling scoring.");
                    setScorerInternal(null);
                } else if (activeScorer.mScoringServiceClassName == null) {
                    // The scoring service is not available, make sure it's unbound.
                    unbindFromScoringServiceIfNeeded();
                } else { // The scoring service changed in some way.
                    if (forceUnbind) {
                        unbindFromScoringServiceIfNeeded();
                    }
                    bindToScoringServiceIfNeeded(activeScorer);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public NetworkScoreService(Context context) {
        mContext = context;
        mScoreCaches = new HashMap<>();
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_USER_UNLOCKED);
        // TODO: Need to update when we support per-user scorers. http://b/23422763
        mContext.registerReceiverAsUser(
                mUserIntentReceiver, UserHandle.SYSTEM, filter, null /* broadcastPermission*/,
                null /* scheduler */);
    }

    /** Called when the system is ready to run third-party code but before it actually does so. */
    void systemReady() {
        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "systemReady");
        ContentResolver cr = mContext.getContentResolver();
        if (Settings.Global.getInt(cr, Settings.Global.NETWORK_SCORING_PROVISIONED, 0) == 0) {
            // On first run, we try to initialize the scorer to the one configured at build time.
            // This will be a no-op if the scorer isn't actually valid.
            String defaultPackage = mContext.getResources().getString(
                    R.string.config_defaultNetworkScorerPackageName);
            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(defaultPackage)) {
                NetworkScorerAppManager.setActiveScorer(mContext, defaultPackage);
            }
            Settings.Global.putInt(cr, Settings.Global.NETWORK_SCORING_PROVISIONED, 1);
        }

        registerPackageMonitorIfNeeded();
    }

    /** Called when the system is ready for us to start third-party code. */
    void systemRunning() {
        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "systemRunning");
        bindToScoringServiceIfNeeded();
    }

    private void onUserUnlocked(int userId) {
        registerPackageMonitorIfNeeded();
        bindToScoringServiceIfNeeded();
    }

    private void registerPackageMonitorIfNeeded() {
        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "registerPackageMonitorIfNeeded");
        NetworkScorerAppData scorer = NetworkScorerAppManager.getActiveScorer(mContext);
        synchronized (mPackageMonitorLock) {
            // Unregister the current monitor if needed.
            if (mPackageMonitor != null) {
                if (DBG) {
                    Log.d(TAG, "Unregistering package monitor for "
                            + mPackageMonitor.mRegisteredPackage);
                }
                mPackageMonitor.unregister();
                mPackageMonitor = null;
            }

            // Create and register the monitor if a scorer is active.
            if (scorer != null) {
                mPackageMonitor = new NetworkScorerPackageMonitor(scorer.mPackageName);
                // TODO: Need to update when we support per-user scorers. http://b/23422763
                mPackageMonitor.register(mContext, null /* thread */, UserHandle.SYSTEM,
                        false /* externalStorage */);
                if (DBG) {
                    Log.d(TAG, "Registered package monitor for "
                            + mPackageMonitor.mRegisteredPackage);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void bindToScoringServiceIfNeeded() {
        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "bindToScoringServiceIfNeeded");
        NetworkScorerAppData scorerData = NetworkScorerAppManager.getActiveScorer(mContext);
        bindToScoringServiceIfNeeded(scorerData);
    }

    private void bindToScoringServiceIfNeeded(NetworkScorerAppData scorerData) {
        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "bindToScoringServiceIfNeeded(" + scorerData + ")");
        if (scorerData != null && scorerData.mScoringServiceClassName != null) {
            ComponentName componentName =
                    new ComponentName(scorerData.mPackageName, scorerData.mScoringServiceClassName);
            // If we're connected to a different component then drop it.
            if (mServiceConnection != null
                    && !mServiceConnection.mComponentName.equals(componentName)) {
                unbindFromScoringServiceIfNeeded();
            }

            // If we're not connected at all then create a new connection.
            if (mServiceConnection == null) {
                mServiceConnection = new ScoringServiceConnection(componentName);
            }

            // Make sure the connection is connected (idempotent)
            mServiceConnection.connect(mContext);
        } else { // otherwise make sure it isn't bound.
            unbindFromScoringServiceIfNeeded();
        }
    }

    private void unbindFromScoringServiceIfNeeded() {
        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "unbindFromScoringServiceIfNeeded");
        if (mServiceConnection != null) {
            mServiceConnection.disconnect(mContext);
        }
        mServiceConnection = null;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean updateScores(ScoredNetwork[] networks) {
        if (!NetworkScorerAppManager.isCallerActiveScorer(mContext, getCallingUid())) {
            throw new SecurityException("Caller with UID " + getCallingUid() +
                    " is not the active scorer.");
        }

        // Separate networks by type.
        Map<Integer, List<ScoredNetwork>> networksByType = new HashMap<>();
        for (ScoredNetwork network : networks) {
            List<ScoredNetwork> networkList = networksByType.get(network.networkKey.type);
            if (networkList == null) {
                networkList = new ArrayList<>();
                networksByType.put(network.networkKey.type, networkList);
            }
            networkList.add(network);
        }

        // Pass the scores of each type down to the appropriate network scorer.
        for (Map.Entry<Integer, List<ScoredNetwork>> entry : networksByType.entrySet()) {
            INetworkScoreCache scoreCache = mScoreCaches.get(entry.getKey());
            if (scoreCache != null) {
                try {
                    scoreCache.updateScores(entry.getValue());
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    if (Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.VERBOSE)) {
                        Log.v(TAG, "Unable to update scores of type " + entry.getKey(), e);
                    }
                }
            } else if (Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.VERBOSE)) {
                Log.v(TAG, "No scorer registered for type " + entry.getKey() + ", discarding");
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean clearScores() {
        // Only the active scorer or the system (who can broadcast BROADCAST_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED)
        // should be allowed to flush all scores.
        if (NetworkScorerAppManager.isCallerActiveScorer(mContext, getCallingUid()) ||
                mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission.BROADCAST_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED) ==
                        PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            clearInternal();
            return true;
        } else {
            throw new SecurityException(
                    "Caller is neither the active scorer nor the scorer manager.");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean setActiveScorer(String packageName) {
        // TODO: For now, since SCORE_NETWORKS requires an app to be privileged, we allow such apps
        // to directly set the scorer app rather than having to use the consent dialog. The
        // assumption is that anyone bundling a scorer app with the system is trusted by the OEM to
        // do the right thing and not enable this feature without explaining it to the user.
        // In the future, should this API be opened to 3p apps, we will need to lock this down and
        // figure out another way to streamline the UX.

        // mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(permission.BROADCAST_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED, TAG);
        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(permission.SCORE_NETWORKS, TAG);

        return setScorerInternal(packageName);
    }

    @Override
    public void disableScoring() {
        // Only the active scorer or the system (who can broadcast BROADCAST_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED)
        // should be allowed to disable scoring.
        if (NetworkScorerAppManager.isCallerActiveScorer(mContext, getCallingUid()) ||
                mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission.BROADCAST_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED) ==
                        PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            // The return value is discarded here because at this point, the call should always
            // succeed. The only reason for failure is if the new package is not a valid scorer, but
            // we're disabling scoring altogether here.
            setScorerInternal(null /* packageName */);
        } else {
            throw new SecurityException(
                    "Caller is neither the active scorer nor the scorer manager.");
        }
    }

    /** Set the active scorer. Callers are responsible for checking permissions as appropriate. */
    private boolean setScorerInternal(String packageName) {
        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "setScorerInternal(" + packageName + ")");
        long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        try {
            unbindFromScoringServiceIfNeeded();
            // Preemptively clear scores even though the set operation could fail. We do this for
            // safety as scores should never be compared across apps; in practice, Settings should
            // only be allowing valid apps to be set as scorers, so failure here should be rare.
            clearInternal();
            // Get the scorer that is about to be replaced, if any, so we can notify it directly.
            NetworkScorerAppData prevScorer = NetworkScorerAppManager.getActiveScorer(mContext);
            boolean result = NetworkScorerAppManager.setActiveScorer(mContext, packageName);
            // Unconditionally attempt to bind to the current scorer. If setActiveScorer() failed
            // then we'll attempt to restore the previous binding (if any), otherwise an attempt
            // will be made to bind to the new scorer.
            bindToScoringServiceIfNeeded();
            if (result) { // new scorer successfully set
                registerPackageMonitorIfNeeded();

                Intent intent = new Intent(NetworkScoreManager.ACTION_SCORER_CHANGED);
                if (prevScorer != null) { // Directly notify the old scorer.
                    intent.setPackage(prevScorer.mPackageName);
                    // TODO: Need to update when we support per-user scorers. http://b/23422763
                    mContext.sendBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.SYSTEM);
                }

                if (packageName != null) { // Then notify the new scorer
                    intent.putExtra(NetworkScoreManager.EXTRA_NEW_SCORER, packageName);
                    intent.setPackage(packageName);
                    // TODO: Need to update when we support per-user scorers. http://b/23422763
                    mContext.sendBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.SYSTEM);
                }
            }
            return result;
        } finally {
            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
        }
    }

    /** Clear scores. Callers are responsible for checking permissions as appropriate. */
    private void clearInternal() {
        Set<INetworkScoreCache> cachesToClear = getScoreCaches();

        for (INetworkScoreCache scoreCache : cachesToClear) {
            try {
                scoreCache.clearScores();
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                if (Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.VERBOSE)) {
                    Log.v(TAG, "Unable to clear scores", e);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void registerNetworkScoreCache(int networkType, INetworkScoreCache scoreCache) {
        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(permission.BROADCAST_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED, TAG);
        synchronized (mScoreCaches) {
            if (mScoreCaches.containsKey(networkType)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        "Score cache already registered for type " + networkType);
            }
            mScoreCaches.put(networkType, scoreCache);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter writer, String[] args) {
        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(permission.DUMP, TAG);
        NetworkScorerAppData currentScorer = NetworkScorerAppManager.getActiveScorer(mContext);
        if (currentScorer == null) {
            writer.println("Scoring is disabled.");
            return;
        }
        writer.println("Current scorer: " + currentScorer.mPackageName);

        for (INetworkScoreCache scoreCache : getScoreCaches()) {
            try {
                scoreCache.asBinder().dump(fd, args);
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                writer.println("Unable to dump score cache");
                if (Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.VERBOSE)) {
                    Log.v(TAG, "Unable to dump score cache", e);
                }
            }
        }
        if (mServiceConnection != null) {
            mServiceConnection.dump(fd, writer, args);
        } else {
            writer.println("ScoringServiceConnection: null");
        }
        writer.flush();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a set of all score caches that are currently active.
     *
     * <p>May be used to perform an action on all score caches without potentially strange behavior
     * if a new scorer is registered during that action's execution.
     */
    private Set<INetworkScoreCache> getScoreCaches() {
        synchronized (mScoreCaches) {
            return new HashSet<>(mScoreCaches.values());
        }
    }

    private static class ScoringServiceConnection implements ServiceConnection {
        private final ComponentName mComponentName;
        private boolean mBound = false;
        private boolean mConnected = false;

        ScoringServiceConnection(ComponentName componentName) {
            mComponentName = componentName;
        }

        void connect(Context context) {
            if (!mBound) {
                Intent service = new Intent();
                service.setComponent(mComponentName);
                mBound = context.bindServiceAsUser(service, this,
                        Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE | Context.BIND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE,
                        UserHandle.SYSTEM);
                if (!mBound) {
                    Log.w(TAG, "Bind call failed for " + service);
                } else {
                    if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "ScoringServiceConnection bound.");
                }
            }
        }

        void disconnect(Context context) {
            try {
                if (mBound) {
                    mBound = false;
                    context.unbindService(this);
                    if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "ScoringServiceConnection unbound.");
                }
            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Unbind failed.", e);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "ScoringServiceConnection: " + name.flattenToString());
            mConnected = true;
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            if (DBG) {
                Log.d(TAG, "ScoringServiceConnection, disconnected: " + name.flattenToString());
            }
            mConnected = false;
        }

        public void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter writer, String[] args) {
            writer.println("ScoringServiceConnection: " + mComponentName + ", bound: " + mBound
                    + ", connected: " + mConnected);
        }
    }
}