Add config to control BatteryStats reset logic

Also, fix the significant charge reset logic and add BatteryStats reset
tests.

Fix: 269538224
Bug: 256919205
Test: atest BatteryStatsResetTest
Change-Id: Id4a6dd22708ddee38dd6c10ceb6c81f6a7bfb44f
Merged-In: Id4a6dd22708ddee38dd6c10ceb6c81f6a7bfb44f
(cherry picked from commit ebd856f4d74ca5aed7f0b943c387c84355219b98)
Merged-In: Id4a6dd22708ddee38dd6c10ceb6c81f6a7bfb44f
(cherry picked from commit 68ccdde00fc790a8f9888e383f416700755ed47d)
Merged-In: Id4a6dd22708ddee38dd6c10ceb6c81f6a7bfb44f
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/BatteryStatsImpl.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/BatteryStatsImpl.java
index 6fed26c..4953754 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/BatteryStatsImpl.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/BatteryStatsImpl.java
@@ -387,6 +387,81 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /** Provide BatteryStatsImpl configuration choices */
+    public static class BatteryStatsConfig {
+        static final int RESET_ON_UNPLUG_HIGH_BATTERY_LEVEL_FLAG = 1 << 0;
+        static final int RESET_ON_UNPLUG_AFTER_SIGNIFICANT_CHARGE_FLAG = 1 << 1;
+
+        private final int mFlags;
+
+        private BatteryStatsConfig(Builder builder) {
+            int flags = 0;
+            if (builder.mResetOnUnplugHighBatteryLevel) {
+                flags |= RESET_ON_UNPLUG_HIGH_BATTERY_LEVEL_FLAG;
+            }
+            if (builder.mResetOnUnplugAfterSignificantCharge) {
+                flags |= RESET_ON_UNPLUG_AFTER_SIGNIFICANT_CHARGE_FLAG;
+            }
+            mFlags = flags;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns whether a BatteryStats reset should occur on unplug when the battery level is
+         * high.
+         */
+        boolean shouldResetOnUnplugHighBatteryLevel() {
+            return (mFlags & RESET_ON_UNPLUG_HIGH_BATTERY_LEVEL_FLAG)
+                    == RESET_ON_UNPLUG_HIGH_BATTERY_LEVEL_FLAG;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns whether a BatteryStats reset should occur on unplug if the battery charge a
+         * significant amount since it has been plugged in.
+         */
+        boolean shouldResetOnUnplugAfterSignificantCharge() {
+            return (mFlags & RESET_ON_UNPLUG_AFTER_SIGNIFICANT_CHARGE_FLAG)
+                    == RESET_ON_UNPLUG_AFTER_SIGNIFICANT_CHARGE_FLAG;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Builder for BatteryStatsConfig
+         */
+        public static class Builder {
+            private boolean mResetOnUnplugHighBatteryLevel;
+            private boolean mResetOnUnplugAfterSignificantCharge;
+            public Builder() {
+                mResetOnUnplugHighBatteryLevel = true;
+                mResetOnUnplugAfterSignificantCharge = true;
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Build the BatteryStatsConfig.
+             */
+            public BatteryStatsConfig build() {
+                return new BatteryStatsConfig(this);
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Set whether a BatteryStats reset should occur on unplug when the battery level is
+             * high.
+             */
+            public Builder setResetOnUnplugHighBatteryLevel(boolean reset) {
+                mResetOnUnplugHighBatteryLevel = reset;
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Set whether a BatteryStats reset should occur on unplug if the battery charge a
+             * significant amount since it has been plugged in.
+             */
+            public Builder setResetOnUnplugAfterSignificantCharge(boolean reset) {
+                mResetOnUnplugAfterSignificantCharge = reset;
+                return this;
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
     private final PlatformIdleStateCallback mPlatformIdleStateCallback;
 
     private final Runnable mDeferSetCharging = new Runnable() {
@@ -1459,6 +1534,10 @@
     @GuardedBy("this")
     protected final Constants mConstants;
 
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    @GuardedBy("this")
+    protected BatteryStatsConfig mBatteryStatsConfig = new BatteryStatsConfig.Builder().build();
+
     /*
      * Holds a SamplingTimer associated with each Resource Power Manager state and voter,
      * recording their times when on-battery (regardless of screen state).
@@ -1625,12 +1704,13 @@
     public BatteryStatsImpl(Clock clock, File historyDirectory) {
         init(clock);
         mStartClockTimeMs = clock.currentTimeMillis();
-        mCheckinFile = null;
         mDailyFile = null;
         if (historyDirectory == null) {
+            mCheckinFile = null;
             mStatsFile = null;
             mBatteryStatsHistory = new BatteryStatsHistory(mHistoryBuffer);
         } else {
+            mCheckinFile = new AtomicFile(new File(historyDirectory, "batterystats-checkin.bin"));
             mStatsFile = new AtomicFile(new File(historyDirectory, "batterystats.bin"));
             mBatteryStatsHistory = new BatteryStatsHistory(this, historyDirectory, mHistoryBuffer);
         }
@@ -12548,6 +12628,15 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Injects BatteryStatsConfig
+     */
+    public void setBatteryStatsConfig(BatteryStatsConfig config) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            mBatteryStatsConfig = config;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Starts tracking CPU time-in-state for threads of the system server process,
      * keeping a separate account of threads receiving incoming binder calls.
      */
@@ -15505,6 +15594,32 @@
     }
 
     @GuardedBy("this")
+    private boolean shouldResetOnUnplugLocked(int batteryStatus, int batteryLevel) {
+        if (mNoAutoReset) return false;
+        if (!mSystemReady) return false;
+        if (mBatteryStatsConfig.shouldResetOnUnplugHighBatteryLevel()) {
+            // Allow resetting due to currently being at high battery level
+            if (batteryStatus == BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_FULL) return true;
+            if (batteryLevel >= 90) return true;
+        }
+        if (mBatteryStatsConfig.shouldResetOnUnplugAfterSignificantCharge()) {
+            // Allow resetting after a significant charge (from a very low level to a now very
+            // high level).
+            if (mDischargePlugLevel < 20 && batteryLevel >= 80) return true;
+        }
+        if (getHighDischargeAmountSinceCharge() >= 200) {
+            // Reset the stats if battery got partially charged and discharged repeatedly without
+            // ever reaching the full charge.
+            // This reset is done in order to prevent stats sessions from going on forever.
+            // Exceedingly long battery sessions would lead to an overflow of
+            // data structures such as mWakeupReasonStats.
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("this")
     protected void setOnBatteryLocked(final long mSecRealtime, final long mSecUptime,
             final boolean onBattery, final int oldStatus, final int level, final int chargeUah) {
         boolean doWrite = false;
@@ -15516,23 +15631,10 @@
         final long realtimeUs = mSecRealtime * 1000;
         final int screenState = mScreenState;
         if (onBattery) {
-            // We will reset our status if we are unplugging after the
-            // battery was last full, or the level is at 100, or
-            // we have gone through a significant charge (from a very low
-            // level to a now very high level).
-            // Also, we will reset the stats if battery got partially charged
-            // and discharged repeatedly without ever reaching the full charge.
-            // This reset is done in order to prevent stats sessions from going on forever.
-            // Exceedingly long battery sessions would lead to an overflow of
-            // data structures such as mWakeupReasonStats.
             boolean reset = false;
-            if (!mNoAutoReset && mSystemReady
-                    && (oldStatus == BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_FULL
-                    || level >= 90
-                    || (mDischargeCurrentLevel < 20 && level >= 80)
-                    || getHighDischargeAmountSinceCharge() >= 200)) {
+            if (shouldResetOnUnplugLocked(oldStatus, level)) {
                 Slog.i(TAG, "Resetting battery stats: level=" + level + " status=" + oldStatus
-                        + " dischargeLevel=" + mDischargeCurrentLevel
+                        + " dischargeLevel=" + mDischargePlugLevel
                         + " lowAmount=" + getLowDischargeAmountSinceCharge()
                         + " highAmount=" + getHighDischargeAmountSinceCharge());
                 // Before we write, collect a snapshot of the final aggregated
diff --git a/core/res/res/values/config.xml b/core/res/res/values/config.xml
index 87ece55..416b7c3 100644
--- a/core/res/res/values/config.xml
+++ b/core/res/res/values/config.xml
@@ -6083,4 +6083,9 @@
     <!-- Whether the lock screen is allowed to run its own live wallpaper,
          different from the home screen wallpaper. -->
     <bool name="config_independentLockscreenLiveWallpaper">false</bool>
+
+    <!-- Whether to reset Battery Stats on unplug when the battery level is high. -->
+    <bool name="config_batteryStatsResetOnUnplugHighBatteryLevel">true</bool>
+    <!-- Whether to reset Battery Stats on unplug if the battery was significantly charged -->
+    <bool name="config_batteryStatsResetOnUnplugAfterSignificantCharge">true</bool>
 </resources>
diff --git a/core/res/res/values/symbols.xml b/core/res/res/values/symbols.xml
index 15c40c0..ccf6e9a 100644
--- a/core/res/res/values/symbols.xml
+++ b/core/res/res/values/symbols.xml
@@ -4892,4 +4892,7 @@
   <java-symbol type="id" name="language_picker_header" />
 
   <java-symbol type="dimen" name="status_bar_height_default" />
+
+  <java-symbol type="bool" name="config_batteryStatsResetOnUnplugHighBatteryLevel" />
+  <java-symbol type="bool" name="config_batteryStatsResetOnUnplugAfterSignificantCharge" />
 </resources>
diff --git a/core/tests/coretests/src/com/android/internal/os/BatteryStatsResetTest.java b/core/tests/coretests/src/com/android/internal/os/BatteryStatsResetTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfe8d68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/tests/coretests/src/com/android/internal/os/BatteryStatsResetTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.internal.os;
+
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.BatteryManager;
+
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class BatteryStatsResetTest {
+
+    private static final int BATTERY_NOMINAL_VOLTAGE_MV = 3700;
+    private static final int BATTERY_CAPACITY_UAH = 4_000_000;
+    private static final int BATTERY_CHARGE_RATE_SECONDS_PER_LEVEL = 100;
+
+    private MockClock mMockClock;
+    private MockBatteryStatsImpl mBatteryStatsImpl;
+
+
+    /**
+     * Battery status. Must be one of the following:
+     * {@link BatteryManager#BATTERY_STATUS_UNKNOWN}
+     * {@link BatteryManager#BATTERY_STATUS_CHARGING}
+     * {@link BatteryManager#BATTERY_STATUS_DISCHARGING}
+     * {@link BatteryManager#BATTERY_STATUS_NOT_CHARGING}
+     * {@link BatteryManager#BATTERY_STATUS_FULL}
+     */
+    private int mBatteryStatus;
+    /**
+     * Battery health. Must be one of the following:
+     * {@link BatteryManager#BATTERY_HEALTH_UNKNOWN}
+     * {@link BatteryManager#BATTERY_HEALTH_GOOD}
+     * {@link BatteryManager#BATTERY_HEALTH_OVERHEAT}
+     * {@link BatteryManager#BATTERY_HEALTH_DEAD}
+     * {@link BatteryManager#BATTERY_HEALTH_OVER_VOLTAGE}
+     * {@link BatteryManager#BATTERY_HEALTH_UNSPECIFIED_FAILURE}
+     * {@link BatteryManager#BATTERY_HEALTH_COLD}
+     */
+    private int mBatteryHealth;
+    /**
+     * Battery plug type. Can be the union of any number of the following flags:
+     * {@link BatteryManager#BATTERY_PLUGGED_AC}
+     * {@link BatteryManager#BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB}
+     * {@link BatteryManager#BATTERY_PLUGGED_WIRELESS}
+     * {@link BatteryManager#BATTERY_PLUGGED_DOCK}
+     *
+     * Zero means the device is unplugged.
+     */
+    private int mBatteryPlugType;
+    private int mBatteryLevel;
+    private int mBatteryTemp;
+    private int mBatteryVoltageMv;
+    private int mBatteryChargeUah;
+    private int mBatteryChargeFullUah;
+    private long mBatteryChargeTimeToFullSeconds;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        final Context context = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+
+        mMockClock = new MockClock();
+        mBatteryStatsImpl = new MockBatteryStatsImpl(mMockClock, context.getFilesDir());
+        mBatteryStatsImpl.onSystemReady();
+
+
+        // Set up the battery state. Start off with a fully charged plugged in battery.
+        mBatteryStatus = BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_FULL;
+        mBatteryHealth = BatteryManager.BATTERY_HEALTH_GOOD;
+        mBatteryPlugType = BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB;
+        mBatteryLevel = 100;
+        mBatteryTemp = 70; // Arbitrary reasonable temperature.
+        mBatteryVoltageMv = BATTERY_NOMINAL_VOLTAGE_MV;
+        mBatteryChargeUah = BATTERY_CAPACITY_UAH;
+        mBatteryChargeFullUah = BATTERY_CAPACITY_UAH;
+        mBatteryChargeTimeToFullSeconds = 0;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testResetOnUnplug_highBatteryLevel() {
+        mBatteryStatsImpl.setBatteryStatsConfig(
+                new BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryStatsConfig.Builder()
+                        .setResetOnUnplugHighBatteryLevel(true)
+                        .build());
+
+        long expectedResetTimeUs = 0;
+
+        unplugBattery();
+        dischargeToLevel(60);
+
+        plugBattery(BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB);
+        chargeToLevel(80);
+        unplugBattery();
+        // Reset should not occur until battery level above 90.
+        assertThat(mBatteryStatsImpl.getStatsStartRealtime()).isEqualTo(expectedResetTimeUs);
+
+        plugBattery(BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB);
+        chargeToLevel(95);
+        // Reset should not occur until unplug.
+        assertThat(mBatteryStatsImpl.getStatsStartRealtime()).isEqualTo(expectedResetTimeUs);
+
+        unplugBattery();
+        // Reset should occur on unplug now that battery level is high (>=90)
+        expectedResetTimeUs = mMockClock.elapsedRealtime() * 1000;
+        assertThat(mBatteryStatsImpl.getStatsStartRealtime()).isEqualTo(expectedResetTimeUs);
+
+        // disable high battery level reset on unplug.
+        mBatteryStatsImpl.setBatteryStatsConfig(
+                new BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryStatsConfig.Builder()
+                        .setResetOnUnplugHighBatteryLevel(false)
+                        .build());
+
+        dischargeToLevel(60);
+
+        plugBattery(BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB);
+        chargeToLevel(95);
+        unplugBattery();
+        // Reset should not occur since the high battery level logic has been disabled.
+        assertThat(mBatteryStatsImpl.getStatsStartRealtime()).isEqualTo(expectedResetTimeUs);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testResetOnUnplug_significantCharge() {
+        mBatteryStatsImpl.setBatteryStatsConfig(
+                new BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryStatsConfig.Builder()
+                        .setResetOnUnplugAfterSignificantCharge(true)
+                        .build());
+        long expectedResetTimeUs = 0;
+
+        unplugBattery();
+        // Battery level dropped below 20%.
+        dischargeToLevel(15);
+
+        plugBattery(BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB);
+        chargeToLevel(50);
+        unplugBattery();
+        // Reset should not occur until battery level above 80
+        assertThat(mBatteryStatsImpl.getStatsStartRealtime()).isEqualTo(expectedResetTimeUs);
+
+        plugBattery(BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB);
+        chargeToLevel(85);
+        unplugBattery();
+        // Reset should not occur because the charge session did not go from 20% to 80%
+        assertThat(mBatteryStatsImpl.getStatsStartRealtime()).isEqualTo(expectedResetTimeUs);
+
+        // Battery level dropped below 20%.
+        dischargeToLevel(15);
+
+        plugBattery(BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB);
+        chargeToLevel(85);
+        unplugBattery();
+        // Reset should occur after significant charge amount.
+        expectedResetTimeUs = mMockClock.elapsedRealtime() * 1000;
+        assertThat(mBatteryStatsImpl.getStatsStartRealtime()).isEqualTo(expectedResetTimeUs);
+
+        // disable reset on unplug after significant charge.
+        mBatteryStatsImpl.setBatteryStatsConfig(
+                new BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryStatsConfig.Builder()
+                        .setResetOnUnplugAfterSignificantCharge(false)
+                        .build());
+
+        // Battery level dropped below 20%.
+        dischargeToLevel(15);
+
+        plugBattery(BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB);
+        chargeToLevel(85);
+        unplugBattery();
+        // Reset should not occur after significant charge amount.
+        assertThat(mBatteryStatsImpl.getStatsStartRealtime()).isEqualTo(expectedResetTimeUs);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testResetOnUnplug_manyPartialCharges() {
+        long expectedResetTimeUs = 0;
+
+        unplugBattery();
+        // Cumulative battery discharged: 60%.
+        dischargeToLevel(40);
+
+        plugBattery(BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB);
+        chargeToLevel(80);
+        unplugBattery();
+        // Reset should not occur
+        assertThat(mBatteryStatsImpl.getStatsStartRealtime()).isEqualTo(expectedResetTimeUs);
+
+        // Cumulative battery discharged: 100%.
+        dischargeToLevel(40);
+
+        plugBattery(BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB);
+        chargeToLevel(80);
+        unplugBattery();
+        // Reset should not occur
+        assertThat(mBatteryStatsImpl.getStatsStartRealtime()).isEqualTo(expectedResetTimeUs);
+
+        // Cumulative battery discharged: 140%.
+        dischargeToLevel(40);
+
+        plugBattery(BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB);
+        chargeToLevel(80);
+        unplugBattery();
+        // Reset should not occur
+        assertThat(mBatteryStatsImpl.getStatsStartRealtime()).isEqualTo(expectedResetTimeUs);
+
+        // Cumulative battery discharged: 180%.
+        dischargeToLevel(40);
+
+        plugBattery(BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB);
+        chargeToLevel(80);
+        unplugBattery();
+        // Reset should not occur
+        assertThat(mBatteryStatsImpl.getStatsStartRealtime()).isEqualTo(expectedResetTimeUs);
+
+        // Cumulative battery discharged: 220%.
+        dischargeToLevel(40);
+
+        plugBattery(BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB);
+        chargeToLevel(80);
+        unplugBattery();
+        // Should reset after >200% of cumulative battery discharge
+        expectedResetTimeUs = mMockClock.elapsedRealtime() * 1000;
+        assertThat(mBatteryStatsImpl.getStatsStartRealtime()).isEqualTo(expectedResetTimeUs);
+    }
+
+    private void dischargeToLevel(int targetLevel) {
+        mBatteryStatus = BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_DISCHARGING;
+        for (int level = mBatteryLevel - 1; level >= targetLevel; level--) {
+            prepareBatteryLevel(level);
+            incTimeMs(5000); // Arbitrary discharge rate.
+            updateBatteryState();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void chargeToLevel(int targetLevel) {
+        mBatteryStatus = BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_CHARGING;
+        for (int level = mBatteryLevel + 1; level <= targetLevel; level++) {
+            if (level >= 100) mBatteryStatus = BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_FULL;
+            prepareBatteryLevel(level);
+            incTimeMs(BATTERY_CHARGE_RATE_SECONDS_PER_LEVEL * 1000);
+            updateBatteryState();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void unplugBattery() {
+        mBatteryPlugType = 0;
+        updateBatteryState();
+    }
+
+    private void plugBattery(int type) {
+        mBatteryPlugType |= type;
+        updateBatteryState();
+    }
+
+    private void prepareBatteryLevel(int level) {
+        mBatteryLevel = level;
+        mBatteryChargeUah = mBatteryLevel * mBatteryChargeFullUah / 100;
+        mBatteryChargeTimeToFullSeconds =
+                (100 - mBatteryLevel) * BATTERY_CHARGE_RATE_SECONDS_PER_LEVEL;
+    }
+
+    private void incTimeMs(long milliseconds) {
+        mMockClock.realtime += milliseconds;
+        mMockClock.uptime += milliseconds / 2; // Arbitrary slower uptime accumulation
+        mMockClock.currentTime += milliseconds;
+    }
+
+    private void updateBatteryState() {
+        mBatteryStatsImpl.setBatteryStateLocked(mBatteryStatus, mBatteryHealth, mBatteryPlugType,
+                mBatteryLevel, mBatteryTemp, mBatteryVoltageMv, mBatteryChargeUah,
+                mBatteryChargeFullUah, mBatteryChargeTimeToFullSeconds,
+                mMockClock.elapsedRealtime(), mMockClock.uptimeMillis(),
+                mMockClock.currentTimeMillis());
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/BatteryStatsService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/BatteryStatsService.java
index 207c10c..c971d92 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/BatteryStatsService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/BatteryStatsService.java
@@ -356,6 +356,16 @@
         mStats.setRadioScanningTimeoutLocked(mContext.getResources().getInteger(
                 com.android.internal.R.integer.config_radioScanningTimeout) * 1000L);
         mStats.setPowerProfileLocked(mPowerProfile);
+
+        final boolean resetOnUnplugHighBatteryLevel = context.getResources().getBoolean(
+                com.android.internal.R.bool.config_batteryStatsResetOnUnplugHighBatteryLevel);
+        final boolean resetOnUnplugAfterSignificantCharge = context.getResources().getBoolean(
+                com.android.internal.R.bool.config_batteryStatsResetOnUnplugAfterSignificantCharge);
+        mStats.setBatteryStatsConfig(
+                new BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryStatsConfig.Builder()
+                        .setResetOnUnplugHighBatteryLevel(resetOnUnplugHighBatteryLevel)
+                        .setResetOnUnplugAfterSignificantCharge(resetOnUnplugAfterSignificantCharge)
+                        .build());
         mStats.startTrackingSystemServerCpuTime();
 
         if (BATTERY_USAGE_STORE_ENABLED) {