media/java/android/media/RingtoneManager.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package android.media;

import android.Manifest;
import android.annotation.NonNull;
import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
import android.annotation.SdkConstant;
import android.annotation.SdkConstant.SdkConstantType;
import android.annotation.WorkerThread;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.pm.UserInfo;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.media.MediaScannerConnection.MediaScannerConnectionClient;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
import android.os.Process;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.os.ServiceManager;
import android.os.UserHandle;
import android.os.UserManager;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.provider.Settings.System;
import android.util.Log;

import com.android.internal.database.SortCursor;

import libcore.io.Streams;

import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;

import static android.content.ContentProvider.maybeAddUserId;
import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;

/**
 * RingtoneManager provides access to ringtones, notification, and other types
 * of sounds. It manages querying the different media providers and combines the
 * results into a single cursor. It also provides a {@link Ringtone} for each
 * ringtone. We generically call these sounds ringtones, however the
 * {@link #TYPE_RINGTONE} refers to the type of sounds that are suitable for the
 * phone ringer.
 * <p>
 * To show a ringtone picker to the user, use the
 * {@link #ACTION_RINGTONE_PICKER} intent to launch the picker as a subactivity.
 * 
 * @see Ringtone
 */
public class RingtoneManager {

    private static final String TAG = "RingtoneManager";

    // Make sure these are in sync with attrs.xml:
    // <attr name="ringtoneType">
    
    /**
     * Type that refers to sounds that are used for the phone ringer.
     */
    public static final int TYPE_RINGTONE = 1;
    
    /**
     * Type that refers to sounds that are used for notifications.
     */
    public static final int TYPE_NOTIFICATION = 2;
    
    /**
     * Type that refers to sounds that are used for the alarm.
     */
    public static final int TYPE_ALARM = 4;
    
    /**
     * All types of sounds.
     */
    public static final int TYPE_ALL = TYPE_RINGTONE | TYPE_NOTIFICATION | TYPE_ALARM;

    // </attr>
    
    /**
     * Activity Action: Shows a ringtone picker.
     * <p>
     * Input: {@link #EXTRA_RINGTONE_EXISTING_URI},
     * {@link #EXTRA_RINGTONE_SHOW_DEFAULT},
     * {@link #EXTRA_RINGTONE_SHOW_SILENT}, {@link #EXTRA_RINGTONE_TYPE},
     * {@link #EXTRA_RINGTONE_DEFAULT_URI}, {@link #EXTRA_RINGTONE_TITLE},
     * <p>
     * Output: {@link #EXTRA_RINGTONE_PICKED_URI}.
     */
    @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.ACTIVITY_INTENT_ACTION)
    public static final String ACTION_RINGTONE_PICKER = "android.intent.action.RINGTONE_PICKER";

    /**
     * Given to the ringtone picker as a boolean. Whether to show an item for
     * "Default".
     * 
     * @see #ACTION_RINGTONE_PICKER
     */
    public static final String EXTRA_RINGTONE_SHOW_DEFAULT =
            "android.intent.extra.ringtone.SHOW_DEFAULT";
    
    /**
     * Given to the ringtone picker as a boolean. Whether to show an item for
     * "Silent". If the "Silent" item is picked,
     * {@link #EXTRA_RINGTONE_PICKED_URI} will be null.
     * 
     * @see #ACTION_RINGTONE_PICKER
     */
    public static final String EXTRA_RINGTONE_SHOW_SILENT =
            "android.intent.extra.ringtone.SHOW_SILENT";

    /**
     * Given to the ringtone picker as a boolean. Whether to include DRM ringtones.
     * @deprecated DRM ringtones are no longer supported
     */
    @Deprecated
    public static final String EXTRA_RINGTONE_INCLUDE_DRM =
            "android.intent.extra.ringtone.INCLUDE_DRM";
    
    /**
     * Given to the ringtone picker as a {@link Uri}. The {@link Uri} of the
     * current ringtone, which will be used to show a checkmark next to the item
     * for this {@link Uri}. If showing an item for "Default" (@see
     * {@link #EXTRA_RINGTONE_SHOW_DEFAULT}), this can also be one of
     * {@link System#DEFAULT_RINGTONE_URI},
     * {@link System#DEFAULT_NOTIFICATION_URI}, or
     * {@link System#DEFAULT_ALARM_ALERT_URI} to have the "Default" item
     * checked.
     * 
     * @see #ACTION_RINGTONE_PICKER
     */
    public static final String EXTRA_RINGTONE_EXISTING_URI =
            "android.intent.extra.ringtone.EXISTING_URI";
    
    /**
     * Given to the ringtone picker as a {@link Uri}. The {@link Uri} of the
     * ringtone to play when the user attempts to preview the "Default"
     * ringtone. This can be one of {@link System#DEFAULT_RINGTONE_URI},
     * {@link System#DEFAULT_NOTIFICATION_URI}, or
     * {@link System#DEFAULT_ALARM_ALERT_URI} to have the "Default" point to
     * the current sound for the given default sound type. If you are showing a
     * ringtone picker for some other type of sound, you are free to provide any
     * {@link Uri} here.
     */
    public static final String EXTRA_RINGTONE_DEFAULT_URI =
            "android.intent.extra.ringtone.DEFAULT_URI";
    
    /**
     * Given to the ringtone picker as an int. Specifies which ringtone type(s) should be
     * shown in the picker. One or more of {@link #TYPE_RINGTONE},
     * {@link #TYPE_NOTIFICATION}, {@link #TYPE_ALARM}, or {@link #TYPE_ALL}
     * (bitwise-ored together).
     */
    public static final String EXTRA_RINGTONE_TYPE = "android.intent.extra.ringtone.TYPE";

    /**
     * Given to the ringtone picker as a {@link CharSequence}. The title to
     * show for the ringtone picker. This has a default value that is suitable
     * in most cases.
     */
    public static final String EXTRA_RINGTONE_TITLE = "android.intent.extra.ringtone.TITLE";

    /**
     * @hide
     * Given to the ringtone picker as an int. Additional AudioAttributes flags to use
     * when playing the ringtone in the picker.
     * @see #ACTION_RINGTONE_PICKER
     */
    public static final String EXTRA_RINGTONE_AUDIO_ATTRIBUTES_FLAGS =
            "android.intent.extra.ringtone.AUDIO_ATTRIBUTES_FLAGS";

    /**
     * Returned from the ringtone picker as a {@link Uri}.
     * <p>
     * It will be one of:
     * <li> the picked ringtone,
     * <li> a {@link Uri} that equals {@link System#DEFAULT_RINGTONE_URI},
     * {@link System#DEFAULT_NOTIFICATION_URI}, or
     * {@link System#DEFAULT_ALARM_ALERT_URI} if the default was chosen,
     * <li> null if the "Silent" item was picked.
     * 
     * @see #ACTION_RINGTONE_PICKER
     */
    public static final String EXTRA_RINGTONE_PICKED_URI =
            "android.intent.extra.ringtone.PICKED_URI";
    
    // Make sure the column ordering and then ..._COLUMN_INDEX are in sync
    
    private static final String[] INTERNAL_COLUMNS = new String[] {
        MediaStore.Audio.Media._ID, MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITLE,
        "\"" + MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI + "\"",
        MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITLE_KEY
    };

    private static final String[] MEDIA_COLUMNS = new String[] {
        MediaStore.Audio.Media._ID, MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITLE,
        "\"" + MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI + "\"",
        MediaStore.Audio.Media.TITLE_KEY
    };
    
    /**
     * The column index (in the cursor returned by {@link #getCursor()} for the
     * row ID.
     */
    public static final int ID_COLUMN_INDEX = 0;

    /**
     * The column index (in the cursor returned by {@link #getCursor()} for the
     * title.
     */
    public static final int TITLE_COLUMN_INDEX = 1;

    /**
     * The column index (in the cursor returned by {@link #getCursor()} for the
     * media provider's URI.
     */
    public static final int URI_COLUMN_INDEX = 2;

    private final Activity mActivity;
    private final Context mContext;

    private Cursor mCursor;

    private int mType = TYPE_RINGTONE;
    
    /**
     * If a column (item from this list) exists in the Cursor, its value must
     * be true (value of 1) for the row to be returned.
     */
    private final List<String> mFilterColumns = new ArrayList<String>();
    
    private boolean mStopPreviousRingtone = true;
    private Ringtone mPreviousRingtone;

    private boolean mIncludeParentRingtones;

    /**
     * Constructs a RingtoneManager. This constructor is recommended as its
     * constructed instance manages cursor(s).
     * 
     * @param activity The activity used to get a managed cursor.
     */
    public RingtoneManager(Activity activity) {
        this(activity, /* includeParentRingtones */ false);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a RingtoneManager. This constructor is recommended if there's the need to also
     * list ringtones from the user's parent.
     *
     * @param activity The activity used to get a managed cursor.
     * @param includeParentRingtones if true, this ringtone manager's cursor will also retrieve
     *            ringtones from the parent of the user specified in the given activity
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public RingtoneManager(Activity activity, boolean includeParentRingtones) {
        mActivity = activity;
        mContext = activity;
        setType(mType);
        mIncludeParentRingtones = includeParentRingtones;
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a RingtoneManager. The instance constructed by this
     * constructor will not manage the cursor(s), so the client should handle
     * this itself.
     * 
     * @param context The context to used to get a cursor.
     */
    public RingtoneManager(Context context) {
        this(context, /* includeParentRingtones */ false);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a RingtoneManager.
     *
     * @param context The context to used to get a cursor.
     * @param includeParentRingtones if true, this ringtone manager's cursor will also retrieve
     *            ringtones from the parent of the user specified in the given context
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public RingtoneManager(Context context, boolean includeParentRingtones) {
        mActivity = null;
        mContext = context;
        setType(mType);
        mIncludeParentRingtones = includeParentRingtones;
    }

    /**
     * Sets which type(s) of ringtones will be listed by this.
     * 
     * @param type The type(s), one or more of {@link #TYPE_RINGTONE},
     *            {@link #TYPE_NOTIFICATION}, {@link #TYPE_ALARM},
     *            {@link #TYPE_ALL}.
     * @see #EXTRA_RINGTONE_TYPE           
     */
    public void setType(int type) {
        if (mCursor != null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "Setting filter columns should be done before querying for ringtones.");
        }
        
        mType = type;
        setFilterColumnsList(type);
    }

    /**
     * Infers the volume stream type based on what type of ringtones this
     * manager is returning.
     * 
     * @return The stream type.
     */
    public int inferStreamType() {
        switch (mType) {
            
            case TYPE_ALARM:
                return AudioManager.STREAM_ALARM;
                
            case TYPE_NOTIFICATION:
                return AudioManager.STREAM_NOTIFICATION;
                
            default:
                return AudioManager.STREAM_RING;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Whether retrieving another {@link Ringtone} will stop playing the
     * previously retrieved {@link Ringtone}.
     * <p>
     * If this is false, make sure to {@link Ringtone#stop()} any previous
     * ringtones to free resources.
     * 
     * @param stopPreviousRingtone If true, the previously retrieved
     *            {@link Ringtone} will be stopped.
     */
    public void setStopPreviousRingtone(boolean stopPreviousRingtone) {
        mStopPreviousRingtone = stopPreviousRingtone;
    }

    /**
     * @see #setStopPreviousRingtone(boolean)
     */
    public boolean getStopPreviousRingtone() {
        return mStopPreviousRingtone;
    }

    /**
     * Stops playing the last {@link Ringtone} retrieved from this.
     */
    public void stopPreviousRingtone() {
        if (mPreviousRingtone != null) {
            mPreviousRingtone.stop();
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns whether DRM ringtones will be included.
     * 
     * @return Whether DRM ringtones will be included.
     * @see #setIncludeDrm(boolean)
     * Obsolete - always returns false
     * @deprecated DRM ringtones are no longer supported
     */
    @Deprecated
    public boolean getIncludeDrm() {
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Sets whether to include DRM ringtones.
     * 
     * @param includeDrm Whether to include DRM ringtones.
     * Obsolete - no longer has any effect
     * @deprecated DRM ringtones are no longer supported
     */
    @Deprecated
    public void setIncludeDrm(boolean includeDrm) {
        if (includeDrm) {
            Log.w(TAG, "setIncludeDrm no longer supported");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@link Cursor} of all the ringtones available. The returned
     * cursor will be the same cursor returned each time this method is called,
     * so do not {@link Cursor#close()} the cursor. The cursor can be
     * {@link Cursor#deactivate()} safely.
     * <p>
     * If {@link RingtoneManager#RingtoneManager(Activity)} was not used, the
     * caller should manage the returned cursor through its activity's life
     * cycle to prevent leaking the cursor.
     * <p>
     * Note that the list of ringtones available will differ depending on whether the caller
     * has the {@link android.Manifest.permission#READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE} permission.
     *
     * @return A {@link Cursor} of all the ringtones available.
     * @see #ID_COLUMN_INDEX
     * @see #TITLE_COLUMN_INDEX
     * @see #URI_COLUMN_INDEX
     */
    public Cursor getCursor() {
        if (mCursor != null && mCursor.requery()) {
            return mCursor;
        }

        ArrayList<Cursor> ringtoneCursors = new ArrayList<Cursor>();
        ringtoneCursors.add(getInternalRingtones());
        ringtoneCursors.add(getMediaRingtones());

        if (mIncludeParentRingtones) {
            Cursor parentRingtonesCursor = getParentProfileRingtones();
            if (parentRingtonesCursor != null) {
                ringtoneCursors.add(parentRingtonesCursor);
            }
        }

        return mCursor = new SortCursor(ringtoneCursors.toArray(new Cursor[ringtoneCursors.size()]),
                MediaStore.Audio.Media.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER);
    }

    private Cursor getParentProfileRingtones() {
        final UserManager um = UserManager.get(mContext);
        final UserInfo parentInfo = um.getProfileParent(mContext.getUserId());
        if (parentInfo != null && parentInfo.id != mContext.getUserId()) {
            final Context parentContext = createPackageContextAsUser(mContext, parentInfo.id);
            if (parentContext != null) {
                // We don't need to re-add the internal ringtones for the work profile since
                // they are the same as the personal profile. We just need the external
                // ringtones.
                return new ExternalRingtonesCursorWrapper(getMediaRingtones(parentContext),
                        parentInfo.id);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Gets a {@link Ringtone} for the ringtone at the given position in the
     * {@link Cursor}.
     * 
     * @param position The position (in the {@link Cursor}) of the ringtone.
     * @return A {@link Ringtone} pointing to the ringtone.
     */
    public Ringtone getRingtone(int position) {
        if (mStopPreviousRingtone && mPreviousRingtone != null) {
            mPreviousRingtone.stop();
        }
        
        mPreviousRingtone = getRingtone(mContext, getRingtoneUri(position), inferStreamType());
        return mPreviousRingtone;
    }

    /**
     * Gets a {@link Uri} for the ringtone at the given position in the {@link Cursor}.
     * 
     * @param position The position (in the {@link Cursor}) of the ringtone.
     * @return A {@link Uri} pointing to the ringtone.
     */
    public Uri getRingtoneUri(int position) {
        // use cursor directly instead of requerying it, which could easily
        // cause position to shuffle.
        if (mCursor == null || !mCursor.moveToPosition(position)) {
            return null;
        }
        
        return getUriFromCursor(mCursor);
    }

    /**
     * Queries the database for the Uri to a ringtone in a specific path (the ringtone has to have
     * been scanned before)
     *
     * @param context Context used to query the database
     * @param path Path to the ringtone file
     * @return Uri of the ringtone, null if something fails in the query or the ringtone doesn't
     *            exist
     *
     * @hide
     */
    private static Uri getExistingRingtoneUriFromPath(Context context, String path) {
        final String[] proj = {MediaStore.Audio.Media._ID};
        final String[] selectionArgs = {path};
        try (final Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(
                MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, proj,
                MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATA + "=? ", selectionArgs, /* sortOrder */ null)) {
            if (cursor == null || !cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                return null;
            }
            final int id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.MediaColumns._ID));
            if (id == -1) {
                return null;
            }
            return Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "" + id);
        }
    }

    private static Uri getUriFromCursor(Cursor cursor) {
        return ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse(cursor.getString(URI_COLUMN_INDEX)), cursor
                .getLong(ID_COLUMN_INDEX));
    }
    
    /**
     * Gets the position of a {@link Uri} within this {@link RingtoneManager}.
     * 
     * @param ringtoneUri The {@link Uri} to retreive the position of.
     * @return The position of the {@link Uri}, or -1 if it cannot be found.
     */
    public int getRingtonePosition(Uri ringtoneUri) {
        
        if (ringtoneUri == null) return -1;
        
        final Cursor cursor = getCursor();
        final int cursorCount = cursor.getCount();
        
        if (!cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            return -1;
        }
        
        // Only create Uri objects when the actual URI changes
        Uri currentUri = null;
        String previousUriString = null;
        for (int i = 0; i < cursorCount; i++) {
            String uriString = cursor.getString(URI_COLUMN_INDEX);
            if (currentUri == null || !uriString.equals(previousUriString)) {
                currentUri = Uri.parse(uriString);
            }
            
            if (ringtoneUri.equals(ContentUris.withAppendedId(currentUri, cursor
                    .getLong(ID_COLUMN_INDEX)))) {
                return i;
            }
            
            cursor.move(1);
            
            previousUriString = uriString;
        }
        
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a valid ringtone URI. No guarantees on which it returns. If it
     * cannot find one, returns null. If it can only find one on external storage and the caller
     * doesn't have the {@link android.Manifest.permission#READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE} permission,
     * returns null.
     *
     * @param context The context to use for querying.
     * @return A ringtone URI, or null if one cannot be found.
     */
    public static Uri getValidRingtoneUri(Context context) {
        final RingtoneManager rm = new RingtoneManager(context);
        
        Uri uri = getValidRingtoneUriFromCursorAndClose(context, rm.getInternalRingtones());

        if (uri == null) {
            uri = getValidRingtoneUriFromCursorAndClose(context, rm.getMediaRingtones());
        }
        
        return uri;
    }
    
    private static Uri getValidRingtoneUriFromCursorAndClose(Context context, Cursor cursor) {
        if (cursor != null) {
            Uri uri = null;
            
            if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                uri = getUriFromCursor(cursor);
            }
            cursor.close();
            
            return uri;
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    private Cursor getInternalRingtones() {
        return query(
                MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, INTERNAL_COLUMNS,
                constructBooleanTrueWhereClause(mFilterColumns),
                null, MediaStore.Audio.Media.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER);
    }

    private Cursor getMediaRingtones() {
        return getMediaRingtones(mContext);
    }

    private Cursor getMediaRingtones(Context context) {
        if (PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED != context.checkPermission(
                android.Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                Process.myPid(), Process.myUid())) {
            Log.w(TAG, "No READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission, ignoring ringtones on ext storage");
            return null;
        }
         // Get the external media cursor. First check to see if it is mounted.
        final String status = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
        
        return (status.equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED) ||
                    status.equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY))
                ? query(
                    MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, MEDIA_COLUMNS,
                    constructBooleanTrueWhereClause(mFilterColumns), null,
                    MediaStore.Audio.Media.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER, context)
                : null;
    }
    
    private void setFilterColumnsList(int type) {
        List<String> columns = mFilterColumns;
        columns.clear();
        
        if ((type & TYPE_RINGTONE) != 0) {
            columns.add(MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.IS_RINGTONE);
        }
        
        if ((type & TYPE_NOTIFICATION) != 0) {
            columns.add(MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.IS_NOTIFICATION);
        }
        
        if ((type & TYPE_ALARM) != 0) {
            columns.add(MediaStore.Audio.AudioColumns.IS_ALARM);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Constructs a where clause that consists of at least one column being 1
     * (true). This is used to find all matching sounds for the given sound
     * types (ringtone, notifications, etc.)
     * 
     * @param columns The columns that must be true.
     * @return The where clause.
     */
    private static String constructBooleanTrueWhereClause(List<String> columns) {
        
        if (columns == null) return null;
        
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append("(");

        for (int i = columns.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            sb.append(columns.get(i)).append("=1 or ");
        }
        
        if (columns.size() > 0) {
            // Remove last ' or '
            sb.setLength(sb.length() - 4);
        }

        sb.append(")");

        return sb.toString();
    }
    
    private Cursor query(Uri uri,
            String[] projection,
            String selection,
            String[] selectionArgs,
            String sortOrder) {
        return query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, sortOrder, mContext);
    }

    private Cursor query(Uri uri,
            String[] projection,
            String selection,
            String[] selectionArgs,
            String sortOrder,
            Context context) {
        if (mActivity != null) {
            return mActivity.managedQuery(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, sortOrder);
        } else {
            return context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs,
                    sortOrder);
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns a {@link Ringtone} for a given sound URI.
     * <p>
     * If the given URI cannot be opened for any reason, this method will
     * attempt to fallback on another sound. If it cannot find any, it will
     * return null.
     * 
     * @param context A context used to query.
     * @param ringtoneUri The {@link Uri} of a sound or ringtone.
     * @return A {@link Ringtone} for the given URI, or null.
     */
    public static Ringtone getRingtone(final Context context, Uri ringtoneUri) {
        // Don't set the stream type
        return getRingtone(context, ringtoneUri, -1);
    }

    //FIXME bypass the notion of stream types within the class
    /**
     * Returns a {@link Ringtone} for a given sound URI on the given stream
     * type. Normally, if you change the stream type on the returned
     * {@link Ringtone}, it will re-create the {@link MediaPlayer}. This is just
     * an optimized route to avoid that.
     * 
     * @param streamType The stream type for the ringtone, or -1 if it should
     *            not be set (and the default used instead).
     * @see #getRingtone(Context, Uri)
     */
    private static Ringtone getRingtone(final Context context, Uri ringtoneUri, int streamType) {
        try {
            final Ringtone r = new Ringtone(context, true);
            if (streamType >= 0) {
                //FIXME deprecated call
                r.setStreamType(streamType);
            }
            r.setUri(ringtoneUri);
            return r;
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to open ringtone " + ringtoneUri + ": " + ex);
        }

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Look up the path for a given {@link Uri} referring to a ringtone sound (TYPE_RINGTONE,
     * TYPE_NOTIFICATION, or TYPE_ALARM). This is saved in {@link MediaStore.Audio.Media#DATA}.
     *
     * @return a {@link File} pointing at the location of the {@param uri} on disk, or {@code null}
     * if there is no such file.
     */
    private File getRingtonePathFromUri(Uri uri) {
        // Query cursor to get ringtone path
        final String[] projection = {MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATA};
        setFilterColumnsList(TYPE_RINGTONE | TYPE_NOTIFICATION | TYPE_ALARM);

        String path = null;
        try (Cursor cursor = query(uri, projection, constructBooleanTrueWhereClause(mFilterColumns),
                null, null)) {
            if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATA));
            }
        }
        return path != null ? new File(path) : null;
    }

    /**
     * Disables Settings.System.SYNC_PARENT_SOUNDS.
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public static void disableSyncFromParent(Context userContext) {
        IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(Context.AUDIO_SERVICE);
        IAudioService audioService = IAudioService.Stub.asInterface(b);
        try {
            audioService.disableRingtoneSync(userContext.getUserId());
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to disable ringtone sync.");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Enables Settings.System.SYNC_PARENT_SOUNDS for the content's user
     *
     * @hide
     */
    @RequiresPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS)
    public static void enableSyncFromParent(Context userContext) {
        Settings.Secure.putIntForUser(userContext.getContentResolver(),
                Settings.Secure.SYNC_PARENT_SOUNDS, 1 /* true */, userContext.getUserId());
    }

    /**
     * Gets the current default sound's {@link Uri}. This will give the actual
     * sound {@link Uri}, instead of using this, most clients can use
     * {@link System#DEFAULT_RINGTONE_URI}.
     * 
     * @param context A context used for querying.
     * @param type The type whose default sound should be returned. One of
     *            {@link #TYPE_RINGTONE}, {@link #TYPE_NOTIFICATION}, or
     *            {@link #TYPE_ALARM}.
     * @return A {@link Uri} pointing to the default sound for the sound type.
     * @see #setActualDefaultRingtoneUri(Context, int, Uri)
     */
    public static Uri getActualDefaultRingtoneUri(Context context, int type) {
        String setting = getSettingForType(type);
        if (setting == null) return null;
        final String uriString = Settings.System.getStringForUser(context.getContentResolver(),
                setting, context.getUserId());
        Uri ringtoneUri = uriString != null ? Uri.parse(uriString) : null;

        // If this doesn't verify, the user id must be kept in the uri to ensure it resolves in the
        // correct user storage
        if (ringtoneUri != null
                && ContentProvider.getUserIdFromUri(ringtoneUri) == context.getUserId()) {
            ringtoneUri = ContentProvider.getUriWithoutUserId(ringtoneUri);
        }

        return ringtoneUri;
    }
    
    /**
     * Sets the {@link Uri} of the default sound for a given sound type.
     * 
     * @param context A context used for querying.
     * @param type The type whose default sound should be set. One of
     *            {@link #TYPE_RINGTONE}, {@link #TYPE_NOTIFICATION}, or
     *            {@link #TYPE_ALARM}.
     * @param ringtoneUri A {@link Uri} pointing to the default sound to set.
     * @see #getActualDefaultRingtoneUri(Context, int)
     */
    public static void setActualDefaultRingtoneUri(Context context, int type, Uri ringtoneUri) {
        String setting = getSettingForType(type);
        if (setting == null) return;

        final ContentResolver resolver = context.getContentResolver();
        if (Settings.Secure.getIntForUser(resolver, Settings.Secure.SYNC_PARENT_SOUNDS, 0,
                    context.getUserId()) == 1) {
            // Parent sound override is enabled. Disable it using the audio service.
            disableSyncFromParent(context);
        }
        if(!isInternalRingtoneUri(ringtoneUri)) {
            ringtoneUri = ContentProvider.maybeAddUserId(ringtoneUri, context.getUserId());
        }
        Settings.System.putStringForUser(resolver, setting,
                ringtoneUri != null ? ringtoneUri.toString() : null, context.getUserId());

        // Stream selected ringtone into cache so it's available for playback
        // when CE storage is still locked
        if (ringtoneUri != null) {
            final Uri cacheUri = getCacheForType(type, context.getUserId());
            try (InputStream in = openRingtone(context, ringtoneUri);
                    OutputStream out = resolver.openOutputStream(cacheUri)) {
                Streams.copy(in, out);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                Log.w(TAG, "Failed to cache ringtone: " + e);
            }
        }
    }

    private static boolean isInternalRingtoneUri(Uri uri) {
        return isRingtoneUriInStorage(uri, MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI);
    }

    private static boolean isExternalRingtoneUri(Uri uri) {
        return isRingtoneUriInStorage(uri, MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI);
    }

    private static boolean isRingtoneUriInStorage(Uri ringtone, Uri storage) {
        Uri uriWithoutUserId = ContentProvider.getUriWithoutUserId(ringtone);
        return uriWithoutUserId == null ? false
                : uriWithoutUserId.toString().startsWith(storage.toString());
    }

    /** @hide */
    public boolean isCustomRingtone(Uri uri) {
        if(!isExternalRingtoneUri(uri)) {
            // A custom ringtone would be in the external storage
            return false;
        }

        final File ringtoneFile = (uri == null ? null : getRingtonePathFromUri(uri));
        final File parent = (ringtoneFile == null ? null : ringtoneFile.getParentFile());
        if (parent == null) {
            return false;
        }

        final String[] directories = {
            Environment.DIRECTORY_RINGTONES,
            Environment.DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS,
            Environment.DIRECTORY_ALARMS
        };
        for (final String directory : directories) {
            if (parent.equals(Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(directory))) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Adds an audio file to the list of ringtones.
     *
     * After making sure the given file is an audio file, copies the file to the ringtone storage,
     * and asks the {@link android.media.MediaScanner} to scan that file. This call will block until
     * the scan is completed.
     *
     * The directory where the copied file is stored is the directory that matches the ringtone's
     * type, which is one of: {@link android.is.Environment#DIRECTORY_RINGTONES};
     * {@link android.is.Environment#DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS};
     * {@link android.is.Environment#DIRECTORY_ALARMS}.
     *
     * This does not allow modifying the type of an existing ringtone file. To change type, use the
     * APIs in {@link android.content.ContentResolver} to update the corresponding columns.
     *
     * @param fileUri Uri of the file to be added as ringtone. Must be a media file.
     * @param type The type of the ringtone to be added. Must be one of {@link #TYPE_RINGTONE},
     *            {@link #TYPE_NOTIFICATION}, or {@link #TYPE_ALARM}.
     *
     * @return The Uri of the installed ringtone, which may be the Uri of {@param fileUri} if it is
     *         already in ringtone storage.
     *
     * @throws FileNotFoundexception if an appropriate unique filename to save the new ringtone file
     *         as cannot be found, for example if the unique name is too long.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@param fileUri} does not point to an existing audio
     *         file, or if the {@param type} is not one of the accepted ringtone types.
     * @throws IOException if the audio file failed to copy to ringtone storage; for example, if
     *         external storage was not available, or if the file was copied but the media scanner
     *         did not recognize it as a ringtone.
     *
     * @hide
     */
    @WorkerThread
    public Uri addCustomExternalRingtone(@NonNull final Uri fileUri, final int type)
            throws FileNotFoundException, IllegalArgumentException, IOException {
        if (!Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
            throw new IOException("External storage is not mounted. Unable to install ringtones.");
        }

        // Sanity-check: are we actually being asked to install an audio file?
        final String mimeType = mContext.getContentResolver().getType(fileUri);
        if(mimeType == null ||
                !(mimeType.startsWith("audio/") || mimeType.equals("application/ogg"))) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Ringtone file must have MIME type \"audio/*\"."
                    + " Given file has MIME type \"" + mimeType + "\"");
        }

        // Choose a directory to save the ringtone. Only one type of installation at a time is
        // allowed. Throws IllegalArgumentException if anything else is given.
        final String subdirectory = getExternalDirectoryForType(type);

        // Find a filename. Throws FileNotFoundException if none can be found.
        final File outFile = Utils.getUniqueExternalFile(mContext, subdirectory,
                Utils.getFileDisplayNameFromUri(mContext, fileUri), mimeType);

        // Copy contents to external ringtone storage. Throws IOException if the copy fails.
        try (final InputStream input = mContext.getContentResolver().openInputStream(fileUri);
                final OutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(outFile)) {
            Streams.copy(input, output);
        }

        // Tell MediaScanner about the new file. Wait for it to assign a {@link Uri}.
        try (NewRingtoneScanner scanner =  new NewRingtoneScanner(outFile)) {
            return scanner.take();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            throw new IOException("Audio file failed to scan as a ringtone", e);
        }
    }

    private static final String getExternalDirectoryForType(final int type) {
        switch (type) {
            case TYPE_RINGTONE:
                return Environment.DIRECTORY_RINGTONES;
            case TYPE_NOTIFICATION:
                return Environment.DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS;
            case TYPE_ALARM:
                return Environment.DIRECTORY_ALARMS;
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported ringtone type: " + type);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Deletes the actual file in the Uri and its ringtone database entry if the Uri's actual path
     * is in one of the following directories: {@link android.is.Environment#DIRECTORY_RINGTONES},
     * {@link android.is.Environment#DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS} or
     * {@link android.is.Environment#DIRECTORY_ALARMS}.
     *
     * The given Uri must be a ringtone Content Uri.
     *
     * Keep in mind that if the ringtone deleted is a default ringtone, it will still live in the
     * ringtone cache file so it will be playable from there. However, if an app uses the ringtone
     * as its own ringtone, it won't be played, which is the same behavior observed for 3rd party
     * custom ringtones.
     *
     * @hide
     */
    public boolean deleteExternalRingtone(Uri uri) {
        if(!isCustomRingtone(uri)) {
            // We can only delete custom ringtones in the default ringtone storages
            return false;
        }

        // Save the path of the ringtone before deleting from our content resolver.
        final File ringtoneFile = getRingtonePathFromUri(uri);
        try {
            if (ringtoneFile != null && mContext.getContentResolver().delete(uri, null, null) > 0) {
                return ringtoneFile.delete();
            }
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Unable to delete custom ringtone", e);
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Try opening the given ringtone locally first, but failover to
     * {@link IRingtonePlayer} if we can't access it directly. Typically happens
     * when process doesn't hold
     * {@link android.Manifest.permission#READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}.
     */
    private static InputStream openRingtone(Context context, Uri uri) throws IOException {
        final ContentResolver resolver = context.getContentResolver();
        try {
            return resolver.openInputStream(uri);
        } catch (SecurityException | IOException e) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to open directly; attempting failover: " + e);
            final IRingtonePlayer player = context.getSystemService(AudioManager.class)
                    .getRingtonePlayer();
            try {
                return new ParcelFileDescriptor.AutoCloseInputStream(player.openRingtone(uri));
            } catch (Exception e2) {
                throw new IOException(e2);
            }
        }
    }

    private static String getSettingForType(int type) {
        if ((type & TYPE_RINGTONE) != 0) {
            return Settings.System.RINGTONE;
        } else if ((type & TYPE_NOTIFICATION) != 0) {
            return Settings.System.NOTIFICATION_SOUND;
        } else if ((type & TYPE_ALARM) != 0) {
            return Settings.System.ALARM_ALERT;
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /** {@hide} */
    public static Uri getCacheForType(int type) {
        return getCacheForType(type, UserHandle.getCallingUserId());
    }

    /** {@hide} */
    public static Uri getCacheForType(int type, int userId) {
        if ((type & TYPE_RINGTONE) != 0) {
            return ContentProvider.maybeAddUserId(Settings.System.RINGTONE_CACHE_URI, userId);
        } else if ((type & TYPE_NOTIFICATION) != 0) {
            return ContentProvider.maybeAddUserId(Settings.System.NOTIFICATION_SOUND_CACHE_URI,
                    userId);
        } else if ((type & TYPE_ALARM) != 0) {
            return ContentProvider.maybeAddUserId(Settings.System.ALARM_ALERT_CACHE_URI, userId);
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether the given {@link Uri} is one of the default ringtones.
     * 
     * @param ringtoneUri The ringtone {@link Uri} to be checked.
     * @return Whether the {@link Uri} is a default.
     */
    public static boolean isDefault(Uri ringtoneUri) {
        return getDefaultType(ringtoneUri) != -1;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the type of a default {@link Uri}.
     * 
     * @param defaultRingtoneUri The default {@link Uri}. For example,
     *            {@link System#DEFAULT_RINGTONE_URI},
     *            {@link System#DEFAULT_NOTIFICATION_URI}, or
     *            {@link System#DEFAULT_ALARM_ALERT_URI}.
     * @return The type of the defaultRingtoneUri, or -1.
     */
    public static int getDefaultType(Uri defaultRingtoneUri) {
        defaultRingtoneUri = ContentProvider.getUriWithoutUserId(defaultRingtoneUri);
        if (defaultRingtoneUri == null) {
            return -1;
        } else if (defaultRingtoneUri.equals(Settings.System.DEFAULT_RINGTONE_URI)) {
            return TYPE_RINGTONE;
        } else if (defaultRingtoneUri.equals(Settings.System.DEFAULT_NOTIFICATION_URI)) {
            return TYPE_NOTIFICATION;
        } else if (defaultRingtoneUri.equals(Settings.System.DEFAULT_ALARM_ALERT_URI)) {
            return TYPE_ALARM;
        } else {
            return -1;
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Returns the {@link Uri} for the default ringtone of a particular type.
     * Rather than returning the actual ringtone's sound {@link Uri}, this will
     * return the symbolic {@link Uri} which will resolved to the actual sound
     * when played.
     * 
     * @param type The ringtone type whose default should be returned.
     * @return The {@link Uri} of the default ringtone for the given type.
     */
    public static Uri getDefaultUri(int type) {
        if ((type & TYPE_RINGTONE) != 0) {
            return Settings.System.DEFAULT_RINGTONE_URI;
        } else if ((type & TYPE_NOTIFICATION) != 0) {
            return Settings.System.DEFAULT_NOTIFICATION_URI;
        } else if ((type & TYPE_ALARM) != 0) {
            return Settings.System.DEFAULT_ALARM_ALERT_URI;
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@link android.media.MediaScannerConnection} to scan a ringtone file and add its
     * information to the internal database.
     *
     * It uses a {@link java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue} so that the caller can block until
     * the scan is completed.
     */
    private class NewRingtoneScanner implements Closeable, MediaScannerConnectionClient {
        private MediaScannerConnection mMediaScannerConnection;
        private File mFile;
        private LinkedBlockingQueue<Uri> mQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(1);

        public NewRingtoneScanner(File file) {
            mFile = file;
            mMediaScannerConnection = new MediaScannerConnection(mContext, this);
            mMediaScannerConnection.connect();
        }

        @Override
        public void close() {
            mMediaScannerConnection.disconnect();
        }

        @Override
        public void onMediaScannerConnected() {
            mMediaScannerConnection.scanFile(mFile.getAbsolutePath(), null);
        }

        @Override
        public void onScanCompleted(String path, Uri uri) {
            if (uri == null) {
                // There was some issue with scanning. Delete the copied file so it is not oprhaned.
                mFile.delete();
                return;
            }
            try {
                mQueue.put(uri);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Unable to put new ringtone Uri in queue", e);
            }
        }

        public Uri take() throws InterruptedException {
            return mQueue.take();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Attempts to create a context for the given user.
     *
     * @return created context, or null if package does not exist
     * @hide
     */
    private static Context createPackageContextAsUser(Context context, int userId) {
        try {
            return context.createPackageContextAsUser(context.getPackageName(), 0 /* flags */,
                    UserHandle.of(userId));
        } catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to create package context", e);
            return null;
        }
    }
}