Clean up exception usage in LockSettingsService (part 2)

Replace RuntimeException which cannot propagate across binder
to binder-compatible IllegalStateException/IllegalArgumentException

Bug: 128831839
Test: atest frameworks/base/services/tests/servicestests/src/com/android/server/locksettings
Change-Id: I2e88997acb27a7b97eafa7a7de441ac641544ddd
5 files changed