/*
 * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package android.service.media;

import android.annotation.IntDef;
import android.annotation.NonNull;
import android.annotation.Nullable;
import android.annotation.SdkConstant;
import android.annotation.SdkConstant.SdkConstantType;
import android.app.Service;
import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.pm.ParceledListSlice;
import android.media.browse.MediaBrowser;
import android.media.browse.MediaBrowserUtils;
import android.media.session.MediaSession;
import android.media.session.MediaSessionManager;
import android.media.session.MediaSessionManager.RemoteUserInfo;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.os.ResultReceiver;
import android.util.ArrayMap;
import android.util.Log;
import android.util.Pair;

import java.io.FileDescriptor;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Base class for media browser services.
 * <p>
 * Media browser services enable applications to browse media content provided by an application
 * and ask the application to start playing it. They may also be used to control content that
 * is already playing by way of a {@link MediaSession}.
 * </p>
 *
 * To extend this class, you must declare the service in your manifest file with
 * an intent filter with the {@link #SERVICE_INTERFACE} action.
 *
 * For example:
 * </p><pre>
 * &lt;service android:name=".MyMediaBrowserService"
 *          android:label="&#64;string/service_name" >
 *     &lt;intent-filter>
 *         &lt;action android:name="android.media.browse.MediaBrowserService" />
 *     &lt;/intent-filter>
 * &lt;/service>
 * </pre>
 *
 */
public abstract class MediaBrowserService extends Service {
    private static final String TAG = "MediaBrowserService";
    private static final boolean DBG = false;

    /**
     * The {@link Intent} that must be declared as handled by the service.
     */
    @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.SERVICE_ACTION)
    public static final String SERVICE_INTERFACE = "android.media.browse.MediaBrowserService";

    /**
     * A key for passing the MediaItem to the ResultReceiver in getItem.
     * @hide
     */
    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
    public static final String KEY_MEDIA_ITEM = "media_item";

    private static final int RESULT_FLAG_OPTION_NOT_HANDLED = 1 << 0;
    private static final int RESULT_FLAG_ON_LOAD_ITEM_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 1 << 1;

    private static final int RESULT_ERROR = -1;
    private static final int RESULT_OK = 0;

    /** @hide */
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
    @IntDef(flag = true, value = { RESULT_FLAG_OPTION_NOT_HANDLED,
            RESULT_FLAG_ON_LOAD_ITEM_NOT_IMPLEMENTED })
    private @interface ResultFlags { }

    private final ArrayMap<IBinder, ConnectionRecord> mConnections = new ArrayMap<>();
    private ConnectionRecord mCurConnection;
    private final Handler mHandler = new Handler();
    private ServiceBinder mBinder;
    MediaSession.Token mSession;

    /**
     * All the info about a connection.
     */
    private static class ConnectionRecord implements IBinder.DeathRecipient {
        public final MediaBrowserService service;
        public final String pkg;
        public final int pid;
        public final int uid;
        public final Bundle rootHints;
        public final IMediaBrowserServiceCallbacks callbacks;
        public final BrowserRoot root;
        public final HashMap<String, List<Pair<IBinder, Bundle>>> subscriptions = new HashMap<>();

        ConnectionRecord(
                MediaBrowserService service, String pkg, int pid, int uid, Bundle rootHints,
                IMediaBrowserServiceCallbacks callbacks, BrowserRoot root) {
            this.service = service;
            this.pkg = pkg;
            this.pid = pid;
            this.uid = uid;
            this.rootHints = rootHints;
            this.callbacks = callbacks;
            this.root = root;
        }

        @Override
        public void binderDied() {
            service.mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    service.mConnections.remove(callbacks.asBinder());
                }
            });
        }
    }

    /**
     * Completion handler for asynchronous callback methods in {@link MediaBrowserService}.
     * <p>
     * Each of the methods that takes one of these to send the result must call
     * {@link #sendResult} to respond to the caller with the given results. If those
     * functions return without calling {@link #sendResult}, they must instead call
     * {@link #detach} before returning, and then may call {@link #sendResult} when
     * they are done. If more than one of those methods is called, an exception will
     * be thrown.
     *
     * @see #onLoadChildren
     * @see #onLoadItem
     */
    public class Result<T> {
        private Object mDebug;
        private boolean mDetachCalled;
        private boolean mSendResultCalled;
        @UnsupportedAppUsage
        private int mFlags;

        Result(Object debug) {
            mDebug = debug;
        }

        /**
         * Send the result back to the caller.
         */
        public void sendResult(T result) {
            if (mSendResultCalled) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("sendResult() called twice for: " + mDebug);
            }
            mSendResultCalled = true;
            onResultSent(result, mFlags);
        }

        /**
         * Detach this message from the current thread and allow the {@link #sendResult}
         * call to happen later.
         */
        public void detach() {
            if (mDetachCalled) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("detach() called when detach() had already"
                        + " been called for: " + mDebug);
            }
            if (mSendResultCalled) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("detach() called when sendResult() had already"
                        + " been called for: " + mDebug);
            }
            mDetachCalled = true;
        }

        boolean isDone() {
            return mDetachCalled || mSendResultCalled;
        }

        void setFlags(@ResultFlags int flags) {
            mFlags = flags;
        }

        /**
         * Called when the result is sent, after assertions about not being called twice
         * have happened.
         */
        void onResultSent(T result, @ResultFlags int flags) {
        }
    }

    private static class ServiceBinder extends IMediaBrowserService.Stub {
        private WeakReference<MediaBrowserService> mService;

        private ServiceBinder(MediaBrowserService service) {
            mService = new WeakReference(service);
        }

        @Override
        public void connect(final String pkg, final Bundle rootHints,
                final IMediaBrowserServiceCallbacks callbacks) {
            MediaBrowserService service = mService.get();
            if (service == null) {
                return;
            }

            final int pid = Binder.getCallingPid();
            final int uid = Binder.getCallingUid();
            if (!service.isValidPackage(pkg, uid)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Package/uid mismatch: uid=" + uid
                        + " package=" + pkg);
            }

            service.mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        final IBinder b = callbacks.asBinder();

                        // Clear out the old subscriptions. We are getting new ones.
                        service.mConnections.remove(b);

                        // Temporarily sets a placeholder ConnectionRecord to make
                        // getCurrentBrowserInfo() work in onGetRoot().
                        service.mCurConnection =
                                new ConnectionRecord(
                                        service, pkg, pid, uid, rootHints, callbacks, null);
                        BrowserRoot root = service.onGetRoot(pkg, uid, rootHints);
                        service.mCurConnection = null;

                        // If they didn't return something, don't allow this client.
                        if (root == null) {
                            Log.i(TAG, "No root for client " + pkg + " from service "
                                    + getClass().getName());
                            try {
                                callbacks.onConnectFailed();
                            } catch (RemoteException ex) {
                                Log.w(TAG, "Calling onConnectFailed() failed. Ignoring. "
                                        + "pkg=" + pkg);
                            }
                        } else {
                            try {
                                ConnectionRecord connection =
                                        new ConnectionRecord(
                                                service, pkg, pid, uid, rootHints, callbacks, root);
                                service.mConnections.put(b, connection);
                                b.linkToDeath(connection, 0);
                                if (service.mSession != null) {
                                    callbacks.onConnect(connection.root.getRootId(),
                                            service.mSession, connection.root.getExtras());
                                }
                            } catch (RemoteException ex) {
                                Log.w(TAG, "Calling onConnect() failed. Dropping client. "
                                        + "pkg=" + pkg);
                                service.mConnections.remove(b);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                });
        }

        @Override
        public void disconnect(final IMediaBrowserServiceCallbacks callbacks) {
            MediaBrowserService service = mService.get();
            if (service == null) {
                return;
            }

            service.mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        final IBinder b = callbacks.asBinder();

                        // Clear out the old subscriptions. We are getting new ones.
                        final ConnectionRecord old = service.mConnections.remove(b);
                        if (old != null) {
                            // TODO
                            old.callbacks.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(old, 0);
                        }
                    }
                });
        }

        @Override
        public void addSubscriptionDeprecated(String id, IMediaBrowserServiceCallbacks callbacks) {
            // do-nothing
        }

        @Override
        public void addSubscription(final String id, final IBinder token, final Bundle options,
                final IMediaBrowserServiceCallbacks callbacks) {
            MediaBrowserService service = mService.get();
            if (service == null) {
                return;
            }

            service.mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        final IBinder b = callbacks.asBinder();

                        // Get the record for the connection
                        final ConnectionRecord connection = service.mConnections.get(b);
                        if (connection == null) {
                            Log.w(TAG, "addSubscription for callback that isn't registered id="
                                    + id);
                            return;
                        }

                        service.addSubscription(id, connection, token, options);
                    }
                });
        }

        @Override
        public void removeSubscriptionDeprecated(
                String id, IMediaBrowserServiceCallbacks callbacks) {
            // do-nothing
        }

        @Override
        public void removeSubscription(final String id, final IBinder token,
                final IMediaBrowserServiceCallbacks callbacks) {
            MediaBrowserService service = mService.get();
            if (service == null) {
                return;
            }

            service.mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    final IBinder b = callbacks.asBinder();

                    ConnectionRecord connection = service.mConnections.get(b);
                    if (connection == null) {
                        Log.w(TAG, "removeSubscription for callback that isn't registered id="
                                + id);
                        return;
                    }
                    if (!service.removeSubscription(id, connection, token)) {
                        Log.w(TAG, "removeSubscription called for " + id
                                + " which is not subscribed");
                    }
                }
            });
        }

        @Override
        public void getMediaItem(final String mediaId, final ResultReceiver receiver,
                final IMediaBrowserServiceCallbacks callbacks) {
            MediaBrowserService service = mService.get();
            if (service == null) {
                return;
            }

            service.mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    final IBinder b = callbacks.asBinder();
                    ConnectionRecord connection = service.mConnections.get(b);
                    if (connection == null) {
                        Log.w(TAG, "getMediaItem for callback that isn't registered id=" + mediaId);
                        return;
                    }
                    service.performLoadItem(mediaId, connection, receiver);
                }
            });
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        mBinder = new ServiceBinder(this);
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        if (SERVICE_INTERFACE.equals(intent.getAction())) {
            return mBinder;
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter writer, String[] args) {
    }

    /**
     * Called to get the root information for browsing by a particular client.
     * <p>
     * The implementation should verify that the client package has permission
     * to access browse media information before returning the root id; it
     * should return null if the client is not allowed to access this
     * information.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param clientPackageName The package name of the application which is
     *            requesting access to browse media.
     * @param clientUid The uid of the application which is requesting access to
     *            browse media.
     * @param rootHints An optional bundle of service-specific arguments to send
     *            to the media browser service when connecting and retrieving the
     *            root id for browsing, or null if none. The contents of this
     *            bundle may affect the information returned when browsing.
     * @return The {@link BrowserRoot} for accessing this app's content or null.
     * @see BrowserRoot#EXTRA_RECENT
     * @see BrowserRoot#EXTRA_OFFLINE
     * @see BrowserRoot#EXTRA_SUGGESTED
     */
    public abstract @Nullable BrowserRoot onGetRoot(@NonNull String clientPackageName,
            int clientUid, @Nullable Bundle rootHints);

    /**
     * Called to get information about the children of a media item.
     * <p>
     * Implementations must call {@link Result#sendResult result.sendResult}
     * with the list of children. If loading the children will be an expensive
     * operation that should be performed on another thread,
     * {@link Result#detach result.detach} may be called before returning from
     * this function, and then {@link Result#sendResult result.sendResult}
     * called when the loading is complete.
     * </p><p>
     * In case the media item does not have any children, call {@link Result#sendResult}
     * with an empty list. When the given {@code parentId} is invalid, implementations must
     * call {@link Result#sendResult result.sendResult} with {@code null}, which will invoke
     * {@link MediaBrowser.SubscriptionCallback#onError}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param parentId The id of the parent media item whose children are to be
     *            queried.
     * @param result The Result to send the list of children to.
     */
    public abstract void onLoadChildren(@NonNull String parentId,
            @NonNull Result<List<MediaBrowser.MediaItem>> result);

    /**
     * Called to get information about the children of a media item.
     * <p>
     * Implementations must call {@link Result#sendResult result.sendResult}
     * with the list of children. If loading the children will be an expensive
     * operation that should be performed on another thread,
     * {@link Result#detach result.detach} may be called before returning from
     * this function, and then {@link Result#sendResult result.sendResult}
     * called when the loading is complete.
     * </p><p>
     * In case the media item does not have any children, call {@link Result#sendResult}
     * with an empty list. When the given {@code parentId} is invalid, implementations must
     * call {@link Result#sendResult result.sendResult} with {@code null}, which will invoke
     * {@link MediaBrowser.SubscriptionCallback#onError}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param parentId The id of the parent media item whose children are to be
     *            queried.
     * @param result The Result to send the list of children to.
     * @param options The bundle of service-specific arguments sent from the media
     *            browser. The information returned through the result should be
     *            affected by the contents of this bundle.
     */
    public void onLoadChildren(@NonNull String parentId,
            @NonNull Result<List<MediaBrowser.MediaItem>> result, @NonNull Bundle options) {
        // To support backward compatibility, when the implementation of MediaBrowserService doesn't
        // override onLoadChildren() with options, onLoadChildren() without options will be used
        // instead, and the options will be applied in the implementation of result.onResultSent().
        result.setFlags(RESULT_FLAG_OPTION_NOT_HANDLED);
        onLoadChildren(parentId, result);
    }

    /**
     * Called to get information about a specific media item.
     * <p>
     * Implementations must call {@link Result#sendResult result.sendResult}. If
     * loading the item will be an expensive operation {@link Result#detach
     * result.detach} may be called before returning from this function, and
     * then {@link Result#sendResult result.sendResult} called when the item has
     * been loaded.
     * </p><p>
     * When the given {@code itemId} is invalid, implementations must call
     * {@link Result#sendResult result.sendResult} with {@code null}.
     * </p><p>
     * The default implementation will invoke {@link MediaBrowser.ItemCallback#onError}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param itemId The id for the specific
     *            {@link android.media.browse.MediaBrowser.MediaItem}.
     * @param result The Result to send the item to.
     */
    public void onLoadItem(String itemId, Result<MediaBrowser.MediaItem> result) {
        result.setFlags(RESULT_FLAG_ON_LOAD_ITEM_NOT_IMPLEMENTED);
        result.sendResult(null);
    }

    /**
     * Call to set the media session.
     * <p>
     * This should be called as soon as possible during the service's startup.
     * It may only be called once.
     *
     * @param token The token for the service's {@link MediaSession}.
     */
    public void setSessionToken(final MediaSession.Token token) {
        if (token == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Session token may not be null.");
        }
        if (mSession != null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("The session token has already been set.");
        }
        mSession = token;
        mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Iterator<ConnectionRecord> iter = mConnections.values().iterator();
                while (iter.hasNext()) {
                    ConnectionRecord connection = iter.next();
                    try {
                        connection.callbacks.onConnect(connection.root.getRootId(), token,
                                connection.root.getExtras());
                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
                        Log.w(TAG, "Connection for " + connection.pkg + " is no longer valid.");
                        iter.remove();
                    }
                }
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Gets the session token, or null if it has not yet been created
     * or if it has been destroyed.
     */
    public @Nullable MediaSession.Token getSessionToken() {
        return mSession;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the root hints sent from the currently connected {@link MediaBrowser}.
     * The root hints are service-specific arguments included in an optional bundle sent to the
     * media browser service when connecting and retrieving the root id for browsing, or null if
     * none. The contents of this bundle may affect the information returned when browsing.
     *
     * @throws IllegalStateException If this method is called outside of {@link #onGetRoot} or
     *             {@link #onLoadChildren} or {@link #onLoadItem}.
     * @see MediaBrowserService.BrowserRoot#EXTRA_RECENT
     * @see MediaBrowserService.BrowserRoot#EXTRA_OFFLINE
     * @see MediaBrowserService.BrowserRoot#EXTRA_SUGGESTED
     */
    public final Bundle getBrowserRootHints() {
        if (mCurConnection == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("This should be called inside of onGetRoot or"
                    + " onLoadChildren or onLoadItem methods");
        }
        return mCurConnection.rootHints == null ? null : new Bundle(mCurConnection.rootHints);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the browser information who sent the current request.
     *
     * @throws IllegalStateException If this method is called outside of {@link #onGetRoot} or
     *             {@link #onLoadChildren} or {@link #onLoadItem}.
     * @see MediaSessionManager#isTrustedForMediaControl(RemoteUserInfo)
     */
    public final RemoteUserInfo getCurrentBrowserInfo() {
        if (mCurConnection == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("This should be called inside of onGetRoot or"
                    + " onLoadChildren or onLoadItem methods");
        }
        return new RemoteUserInfo(mCurConnection.pkg, mCurConnection.pid, mCurConnection.uid);
    }

    /**
     * Notifies all connected media browsers that the children of
     * the specified parent id have changed in some way.
     * This will cause browsers to fetch subscribed content again.
     *
     * @param parentId The id of the parent media item whose
     * children changed.
     */
    public void notifyChildrenChanged(@NonNull String parentId) {
        notifyChildrenChangedInternal(parentId, null);
    }

    /**
     * Notifies all connected media browsers that the children of
     * the specified parent id have changed in some way.
     * This will cause browsers to fetch subscribed content again.
     *
     * @param parentId The id of the parent media item whose
     *            children changed.
     * @param options The bundle of service-specific arguments to send
     *            to the media browser. The contents of this bundle may
     *            contain the information about the change.
     */
    public void notifyChildrenChanged(@NonNull String parentId, @NonNull Bundle options) {
        if (options == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("options cannot be null in notifyChildrenChanged");
        }
        notifyChildrenChangedInternal(parentId, options);
    }

    private void notifyChildrenChangedInternal(final String parentId, final Bundle options) {
        if (parentId == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("parentId cannot be null in notifyChildrenChanged");
        }
        mHandler.post(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                for (IBinder binder : mConnections.keySet()) {
                    ConnectionRecord connection = mConnections.get(binder);
                    List<Pair<IBinder, Bundle>> callbackList =
                            connection.subscriptions.get(parentId);
                    if (callbackList != null) {
                        for (Pair<IBinder, Bundle> callback : callbackList) {
                            if (MediaBrowserUtils.hasDuplicatedItems(options, callback.second)) {
                                performLoadChildren(parentId, connection, callback.second);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Return whether the given package is one of the ones that is owned by the uid.
     */
    private boolean isValidPackage(String pkg, int uid) {
        if (pkg == null) {
            return false;
        }
        final PackageManager pm = getPackageManager();
        final String[] packages = pm.getPackagesForUid(uid);
        final int N = packages.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            if (packages[i].equals(pkg)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Save the subscription and if it is a new subscription send the results.
     */
    private void addSubscription(String id, ConnectionRecord connection, IBinder token,
            Bundle options) {
        // Save the subscription
        List<Pair<IBinder, Bundle>> callbackList = connection.subscriptions.get(id);
        if (callbackList == null) {
            callbackList = new ArrayList<>();
        }
        for (Pair<IBinder, Bundle> callback : callbackList) {
            if (token == callback.first
                    && MediaBrowserUtils.areSameOptions(options, callback.second)) {
                return;
            }
        }
        callbackList.add(new Pair<>(token, options));
        connection.subscriptions.put(id, callbackList);
        // send the results
        performLoadChildren(id, connection, options);
    }

    /**
     * Remove the subscription.
     */
    private boolean removeSubscription(String id, ConnectionRecord connection, IBinder token) {
        if (token == null) {
            return connection.subscriptions.remove(id) != null;
        }
        boolean removed = false;
        List<Pair<IBinder, Bundle>> callbackList = connection.subscriptions.get(id);
        if (callbackList != null) {
            Iterator<Pair<IBinder, Bundle>> iter = callbackList.iterator();
            while (iter.hasNext()) {
                if (token == iter.next().first) {
                    removed = true;
                    iter.remove();
                }
            }
            if (callbackList.size() == 0) {
                connection.subscriptions.remove(id);
            }
        }
        return removed;
    }

    /**
     * Call onLoadChildren and then send the results back to the connection.
     * <p>
     * Callers must make sure that this connection is still connected.
     */
    private void performLoadChildren(final String parentId, final ConnectionRecord connection,
            final Bundle options) {
        final Result<List<MediaBrowser.MediaItem>> result =
                new Result<List<MediaBrowser.MediaItem>>(parentId) {
            @Override
            void onResultSent(List<MediaBrowser.MediaItem> list, @ResultFlags int flag) {
                if (mConnections.get(connection.callbacks.asBinder()) != connection) {
                    if (DBG) {
                        Log.d(TAG, "Not sending onLoadChildren result for connection that has"
                                + " been disconnected. pkg=" + connection.pkg + " id=" + parentId);
                    }
                    return;
                }

                List<MediaBrowser.MediaItem> filteredList =
                        (flag & RESULT_FLAG_OPTION_NOT_HANDLED) != 0
                                ? applyOptions(list, options) : list;
                final ParceledListSlice<MediaBrowser.MediaItem> pls;
                if (filteredList == null) {
                    pls = null;
                } else {
                    pls = new ParceledListSlice<>(filteredList);
                    // Limit the size of initial Parcel to prevent binder buffer overflow
                    // as onLoadChildren is an async binder call.
                    pls.setInlineCountLimit(1);
                }
                try {
                    connection.callbacks.onLoadChildren(parentId, pls, options);
                } catch (RemoteException ex) {
                    // The other side is in the process of crashing.
                    Log.w(TAG, "Calling onLoadChildren() failed for id=" + parentId
                            + " package=" + connection.pkg);
                }
            }
        };

        mCurConnection = connection;
        if (options == null) {
            onLoadChildren(parentId, result);
        } else {
            onLoadChildren(parentId, result, options);
        }
        mCurConnection = null;

        if (!result.isDone()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("onLoadChildren must call detach() or sendResult()"
                    + " before returning for package=" + connection.pkg + " id=" + parentId);
        }
    }

    private List<MediaBrowser.MediaItem> applyOptions(List<MediaBrowser.MediaItem> list,
            final Bundle options) {
        if (list == null) {
            return null;
        }
        int page = options.getInt(MediaBrowser.EXTRA_PAGE, -1);
        int pageSize = options.getInt(MediaBrowser.EXTRA_PAGE_SIZE, -1);
        if (page == -1 && pageSize == -1) {
            return list;
        }
        int fromIndex = pageSize * page;
        int toIndex = fromIndex + pageSize;
        if (page < 0 || pageSize < 1 || fromIndex >= list.size()) {
            return Collections.EMPTY_LIST;
        }
        if (toIndex > list.size()) {
            toIndex = list.size();
        }
        return list.subList(fromIndex, toIndex);
    }

    private void performLoadItem(String itemId, final ConnectionRecord connection,
            final ResultReceiver receiver) {
        final Result<MediaBrowser.MediaItem> result =
                new Result<MediaBrowser.MediaItem>(itemId) {
            @Override
            void onResultSent(MediaBrowser.MediaItem item, @ResultFlags int flag) {
                if (mConnections.get(connection.callbacks.asBinder()) != connection) {
                    if (DBG) {
                        Log.d(TAG, "Not sending onLoadItem result for connection that has"
                                + " been disconnected. pkg=" + connection.pkg + " id=" + itemId);
                    }
                    return;
                }
                if ((flag & RESULT_FLAG_ON_LOAD_ITEM_NOT_IMPLEMENTED) != 0) {
                    receiver.send(RESULT_ERROR, null);
                    return;
                }
                Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                bundle.putParcelable(KEY_MEDIA_ITEM, item);
                receiver.send(RESULT_OK, bundle);
            }
        };

        mCurConnection = connection;
        onLoadItem(itemId, result);
        mCurConnection = null;

        if (!result.isDone()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("onLoadItem must call detach() or sendResult()"
                    + " before returning for id=" + itemId);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Contains information that the browser service needs to send to the client
     * when first connected.
     */
    public static final class BrowserRoot {
        /**
         * The lookup key for a boolean that indicates whether the browser service should return a
         * browser root for recently played media items.
         *
         * <p>When creating a media browser for a given media browser service, this key can be
         * supplied as a root hint for retrieving media items that are recently played.
         * If the media browser service can provide such media items, the implementation must return
         * the key in the root hint when {@link #onGetRoot(String, int, Bundle)} is called back.
         *
         * <p>The root hint may contain multiple keys.
         *
         * @see #EXTRA_OFFLINE
         * @see #EXTRA_SUGGESTED
         */
        public static final String EXTRA_RECENT = "android.service.media.extra.RECENT";

        /**
         * The lookup key for a boolean that indicates whether the browser service should return a
         * browser root for offline media items.
         *
         * <p>When creating a media browser for a given media browser service, this key can be
         * supplied as a root hint for retrieving media items that are can be played without an
         * internet connection.
         * If the media browser service can provide such media items, the implementation must return
         * the key in the root hint when {@link #onGetRoot(String, int, Bundle)} is called back.
         *
         * <p>The root hint may contain multiple keys.
         *
         * @see #EXTRA_RECENT
         * @see #EXTRA_SUGGESTED
         */
        public static final String EXTRA_OFFLINE = "android.service.media.extra.OFFLINE";

        /**
         * The lookup key for a boolean that indicates whether the browser service should return a
         * browser root for suggested media items.
         *
         * <p>When creating a media browser for a given media browser service, this key can be
         * supplied as a root hint for retrieving the media items suggested by the media browser
         * service. The list of media items passed in {@link android.media.browse.MediaBrowser.SubscriptionCallback#onChildrenLoaded(String, List)}
         * is considered ordered by relevance, first being the top suggestion.
         * If the media browser service can provide such media items, the implementation must return
         * the key in the root hint when {@link #onGetRoot(String, int, Bundle)} is called back.
         *
         * <p>The root hint may contain multiple keys.
         *
         * @see #EXTRA_RECENT
         * @see #EXTRA_OFFLINE
         */
        public static final String EXTRA_SUGGESTED = "android.service.media.extra.SUGGESTED";

        private final String mRootId;
        private final Bundle mExtras;

        /**
         * Constructs a browser root.
         * @param rootId The root id for browsing.
         * @param extras Any extras about the browser service.
         */
        public BrowserRoot(@NonNull String rootId, @Nullable Bundle extras) {
            if (rootId == null) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The root id in BrowserRoot cannot be null. "
                        + "Use null for BrowserRoot instead.");
            }
            mRootId = rootId;
            mExtras = extras;
        }

        /**
         * Gets the root id for browsing.
         */
        public String getRootId() {
            return mRootId;
        }

        /**
         * Gets any extras about the browser service.
         */
        public Bundle getExtras() {
            return mExtras;
        }
    }
}