src/compiler/register-allocator.cc

// Copyright 2014 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#include "src/compiler/linkage.h"
#include "src/compiler/register-allocator.h"
#include "src/string-stream.h"

namespace v8 {
namespace internal {
namespace compiler {

static inline LifetimePosition Min(LifetimePosition a, LifetimePosition b) {
  return a.Value() < b.Value() ? a : b;
}


static inline LifetimePosition Max(LifetimePosition a, LifetimePosition b) {
  return a.Value() > b.Value() ? a : b;
}


static void TraceAlloc(const char* msg, ...) {
  if (FLAG_trace_alloc) {
    va_list arguments;
    va_start(arguments, msg);
    base::OS::VPrint(msg, arguments);
    va_end(arguments);
  }
}


static void RemoveElement(ZoneVector<LiveRange*>* v, LiveRange* range) {
  auto it = std::find(v->begin(), v->end(), range);
  DCHECK(it != v->end());
  v->erase(it);
}


UsePosition::UsePosition(LifetimePosition pos, InstructionOperand* operand,
                         InstructionOperand* hint)
    : operand_(operand),
      hint_(hint),
      pos_(pos),
      next_(nullptr),
      requires_reg_(false),
      register_beneficial_(true) {
  if (operand_ != nullptr && operand_->IsUnallocated()) {
    const UnallocatedOperand* unalloc = UnallocatedOperand::cast(operand_);
    requires_reg_ = unalloc->HasRegisterPolicy();
    register_beneficial_ = !unalloc->HasAnyPolicy();
  }
  DCHECK(pos_.IsValid());
}


bool UsePosition::HasHint() const {
  return hint_ != nullptr && !hint_->IsUnallocated();
}


bool UsePosition::RequiresRegister() const { return requires_reg_; }


bool UsePosition::RegisterIsBeneficial() const { return register_beneficial_; }


void UseInterval::SplitAt(LifetimePosition pos, Zone* zone) {
  DCHECK(Contains(pos) && pos.Value() != start().Value());
  auto after = new (zone) UseInterval(pos, end_);
  after->next_ = next_;
  next_ = after;
  end_ = pos;
}


struct LiveRange::SpillAtDefinitionList : ZoneObject {
  SpillAtDefinitionList(int gap_index, InstructionOperand* operand,
                        SpillAtDefinitionList* next)
      : gap_index(gap_index), operand(operand), next(next) {}
  const int gap_index;
  InstructionOperand* const operand;
  SpillAtDefinitionList* const next;
};


#ifdef DEBUG


void LiveRange::Verify() const {
  UsePosition* cur = first_pos_;
  while (cur != nullptr) {
    DCHECK(Start().Value() <= cur->pos().Value() &&
           cur->pos().Value() <= End().Value());
    cur = cur->next();
  }
}


bool LiveRange::HasOverlap(UseInterval* target) const {
  UseInterval* current_interval = first_interval_;
  while (current_interval != nullptr) {
    // Intervals overlap if the start of one is contained in the other.
    if (current_interval->Contains(target->start()) ||
        target->Contains(current_interval->start())) {
      return true;
    }
    current_interval = current_interval->next();
  }
  return false;
}


#endif


LiveRange::LiveRange(int id, Zone* zone)
    : id_(id),
      spilled_(false),
      is_phi_(false),
      is_non_loop_phi_(false),
      kind_(UNALLOCATED_REGISTERS),
      assigned_register_(kInvalidAssignment),
      last_interval_(nullptr),
      first_interval_(nullptr),
      first_pos_(nullptr),
      parent_(nullptr),
      next_(nullptr),
      current_interval_(nullptr),
      last_processed_use_(nullptr),
      current_hint_operand_(nullptr),
      spill_start_index_(kMaxInt),
      spill_type_(SpillType::kNoSpillType),
      spill_operand_(nullptr),
      spills_at_definition_(nullptr) {}


void LiveRange::set_assigned_register(int reg, Zone* zone) {
  DCHECK(!HasRegisterAssigned() && !IsSpilled());
  assigned_register_ = reg;
  // TODO(dcarney): stop aliasing hint operands.
  ConvertUsesToOperand(CreateAssignedOperand(zone));
}


void LiveRange::MakeSpilled() {
  DCHECK(!IsSpilled());
  DCHECK(!TopLevel()->HasNoSpillType());
  spilled_ = true;
  assigned_register_ = kInvalidAssignment;
}


void LiveRange::SpillAtDefinition(Zone* zone, int gap_index,
                                  InstructionOperand* operand) {
  DCHECK(HasNoSpillType());
  spills_at_definition_ = new (zone)
      SpillAtDefinitionList(gap_index, operand, spills_at_definition_);
}


void LiveRange::CommitSpillsAtDefinition(InstructionSequence* sequence,
                                         InstructionOperand* op) {
  auto to_spill = TopLevel()->spills_at_definition_;
  if (to_spill == nullptr) return;
  auto zone = sequence->zone();
  for (; to_spill != nullptr; to_spill = to_spill->next) {
    auto gap = sequence->GapAt(to_spill->gap_index);
    auto move = gap->GetOrCreateParallelMove(GapInstruction::START, zone);
    move->AddMove(to_spill->operand, op, zone);
  }
  TopLevel()->spills_at_definition_ = nullptr;
}


void LiveRange::SetSpillOperand(InstructionOperand* operand) {
  DCHECK(HasNoSpillType());
  DCHECK(!operand->IsUnallocated());
  spill_type_ = SpillType::kSpillOperand;
  spill_operand_ = operand;
}


void LiveRange::SetSpillRange(SpillRange* spill_range) {
  DCHECK(HasNoSpillType() || HasSpillRange());
  DCHECK_NE(spill_range, nullptr);
  spill_type_ = SpillType::kSpillRange;
  spill_range_ = spill_range;
}


void LiveRange::CommitSpillOperand(InstructionOperand* operand) {
  DCHECK(HasSpillRange());
  DCHECK(!operand->IsUnallocated());
  DCHECK(!IsChild());
  spill_type_ = SpillType::kSpillOperand;
  spill_operand_ = operand;
}


UsePosition* LiveRange::NextUsePosition(LifetimePosition start) {
  UsePosition* use_pos = last_processed_use_;
  if (use_pos == nullptr) use_pos = first_pos();
  while (use_pos != nullptr && use_pos->pos().Value() < start.Value()) {
    use_pos = use_pos->next();
  }
  last_processed_use_ = use_pos;
  return use_pos;
}


UsePosition* LiveRange::NextUsePositionRegisterIsBeneficial(
    LifetimePosition start) {
  UsePosition* pos = NextUsePosition(start);
  while (pos != nullptr && !pos->RegisterIsBeneficial()) {
    pos = pos->next();
  }
  return pos;
}


UsePosition* LiveRange::PreviousUsePositionRegisterIsBeneficial(
    LifetimePosition start) {
  auto pos = first_pos();
  UsePosition* prev = nullptr;
  while (pos != nullptr && pos->pos().Value() < start.Value()) {
    if (pos->RegisterIsBeneficial()) prev = pos;
    pos = pos->next();
  }
  return prev;
}


UsePosition* LiveRange::NextRegisterPosition(LifetimePosition start) {
  UsePosition* pos = NextUsePosition(start);
  while (pos != nullptr && !pos->RequiresRegister()) {
    pos = pos->next();
  }
  return pos;
}


bool LiveRange::CanBeSpilled(LifetimePosition pos) {
  // We cannot spill a live range that has a use requiring a register
  // at the current or the immediate next position.
  auto use_pos = NextRegisterPosition(pos);
  if (use_pos == nullptr) return true;
  return use_pos->pos().Value() >
         pos.NextInstruction().InstructionEnd().Value();
}


InstructionOperand* LiveRange::CreateAssignedOperand(Zone* zone) const {
  InstructionOperand* op = nullptr;
  if (HasRegisterAssigned()) {
    DCHECK(!IsSpilled());
    switch (Kind()) {
      case GENERAL_REGISTERS:
        op = RegisterOperand::Create(assigned_register(), zone);
        break;
      case DOUBLE_REGISTERS:
        op = DoubleRegisterOperand::Create(assigned_register(), zone);
        break;
      default:
        UNREACHABLE();
    }
  } else {
    DCHECK(IsSpilled());
    DCHECK(!HasRegisterAssigned());
    op = TopLevel()->GetSpillOperand();
    DCHECK(!op->IsUnallocated());
  }
  return op;
}


UseInterval* LiveRange::FirstSearchIntervalForPosition(
    LifetimePosition position) const {
  if (current_interval_ == nullptr) return first_interval_;
  if (current_interval_->start().Value() > position.Value()) {
    current_interval_ = nullptr;
    return first_interval_;
  }
  return current_interval_;
}


void LiveRange::AdvanceLastProcessedMarker(
    UseInterval* to_start_of, LifetimePosition but_not_past) const {
  if (to_start_of == nullptr) return;
  if (to_start_of->start().Value() > but_not_past.Value()) return;
  auto start = current_interval_ == nullptr ? LifetimePosition::Invalid()
                                            : current_interval_->start();
  if (to_start_of->start().Value() > start.Value()) {
    current_interval_ = to_start_of;
  }
}


void LiveRange::SplitAt(LifetimePosition position, LiveRange* result,
                        Zone* zone) {
  DCHECK(Start().Value() < position.Value());
  DCHECK(result->IsEmpty());
  // Find the last interval that ends before the position. If the
  // position is contained in one of the intervals in the chain, we
  // split that interval and use the first part.
  auto current = FirstSearchIntervalForPosition(position);

  // If the split position coincides with the beginning of a use interval
  // we need to split use positons in a special way.
  bool split_at_start = false;

  if (current->start().Value() == position.Value()) {
    // When splitting at start we need to locate the previous use interval.
    current = first_interval_;
  }

  while (current != nullptr) {
    if (current->Contains(position)) {
      current->SplitAt(position, zone);
      break;
    }
    auto next = current->next();
    if (next->start().Value() >= position.Value()) {
      split_at_start = (next->start().Value() == position.Value());
      break;
    }
    current = next;
  }

  // Partition original use intervals to the two live ranges.
  auto before = current;
  auto after = before->next();
  result->last_interval_ =
      (last_interval_ == before)
          ? after            // Only interval in the range after split.
          : last_interval_;  // Last interval of the original range.
  result->first_interval_ = after;
  last_interval_ = before;

  // Find the last use position before the split and the first use
  // position after it.
  auto use_after = first_pos_;
  UsePosition* use_before = nullptr;
  if (split_at_start) {
    // The split position coincides with the beginning of a use interval (the
    // end of a lifetime hole). Use at this position should be attributed to
    // the split child because split child owns use interval covering it.
    while (use_after != nullptr &&
           use_after->pos().Value() < position.Value()) {
      use_before = use_after;
      use_after = use_after->next();
    }
  } else {
    while (use_after != nullptr &&
           use_after->pos().Value() <= position.Value()) {
      use_before = use_after;
      use_after = use_after->next();
    }
  }

  // Partition original use positions to the two live ranges.
  if (use_before != nullptr) {
    use_before->next_ = nullptr;
  } else {
    first_pos_ = nullptr;
  }
  result->first_pos_ = use_after;

  // Discard cached iteration state. It might be pointing
  // to the use that no longer belongs to this live range.
  last_processed_use_ = nullptr;
  current_interval_ = nullptr;

  // Link the new live range in the chain before any of the other
  // ranges linked from the range before the split.
  result->parent_ = (parent_ == nullptr) ? this : parent_;
  result->kind_ = result->parent_->kind_;
  result->next_ = next_;
  next_ = result;

#ifdef DEBUG
  Verify();
  result->Verify();
#endif
}


// This implements an ordering on live ranges so that they are ordered by their
// start positions.  This is needed for the correctness of the register
// allocation algorithm.  If two live ranges start at the same offset then there
// is a tie breaker based on where the value is first used.  This part of the
// ordering is merely a heuristic.
bool LiveRange::ShouldBeAllocatedBefore(const LiveRange* other) const {
  LifetimePosition start = Start();
  LifetimePosition other_start = other->Start();
  if (start.Value() == other_start.Value()) {
    UsePosition* pos = first_pos();
    if (pos == nullptr) return false;
    UsePosition* other_pos = other->first_pos();
    if (other_pos == nullptr) return true;
    return pos->pos().Value() < other_pos->pos().Value();
  }
  return start.Value() < other_start.Value();
}


void LiveRange::ShortenTo(LifetimePosition start) {
  TraceAlloc("Shorten live range %d to [%d\n", id_, start.Value());
  DCHECK(first_interval_ != nullptr);
  DCHECK(first_interval_->start().Value() <= start.Value());
  DCHECK(start.Value() < first_interval_->end().Value());
  first_interval_->set_start(start);
}


void LiveRange::EnsureInterval(LifetimePosition start, LifetimePosition end,
                               Zone* zone) {
  TraceAlloc("Ensure live range %d in interval [%d %d[\n", id_, start.Value(),
             end.Value());
  auto new_end = end;
  while (first_interval_ != nullptr &&
         first_interval_->start().Value() <= end.Value()) {
    if (first_interval_->end().Value() > end.Value()) {
      new_end = first_interval_->end();
    }
    first_interval_ = first_interval_->next();
  }

  auto new_interval = new (zone) UseInterval(start, new_end);
  new_interval->next_ = first_interval_;
  first_interval_ = new_interval;
  if (new_interval->next() == nullptr) {
    last_interval_ = new_interval;
  }
}


void LiveRange::AddUseInterval(LifetimePosition start, LifetimePosition end,
                               Zone* zone) {
  TraceAlloc("Add to live range %d interval [%d %d[\n", id_, start.Value(),
             end.Value());
  if (first_interval_ == nullptr) {
    auto interval = new (zone) UseInterval(start, end);
    first_interval_ = interval;
    last_interval_ = interval;
  } else {
    if (end.Value() == first_interval_->start().Value()) {
      first_interval_->set_start(start);
    } else if (end.Value() < first_interval_->start().Value()) {
      auto interval = new (zone) UseInterval(start, end);
      interval->set_next(first_interval_);
      first_interval_ = interval;
    } else {
      // Order of instruction's processing (see ProcessInstructions) guarantees
      // that each new use interval either precedes or intersects with
      // last added interval.
      DCHECK(start.Value() < first_interval_->end().Value());
      first_interval_->start_ = Min(start, first_interval_->start_);
      first_interval_->end_ = Max(end, first_interval_->end_);
    }
  }
}


void LiveRange::AddUsePosition(LifetimePosition pos,
                               InstructionOperand* operand,
                               InstructionOperand* hint, Zone* zone) {
  TraceAlloc("Add to live range %d use position %d\n", id_, pos.Value());
  auto use_pos = new (zone) UsePosition(pos, operand, hint);
  UsePosition* prev_hint = nullptr;
  UsePosition* prev = nullptr;
  auto current = first_pos_;
  while (current != nullptr && current->pos().Value() < pos.Value()) {
    prev_hint = current->HasHint() ? current : prev_hint;
    prev = current;
    current = current->next();
  }

  if (prev == nullptr) {
    use_pos->set_next(first_pos_);
    first_pos_ = use_pos;
  } else {
    use_pos->next_ = prev->next_;
    prev->next_ = use_pos;
  }

  if (prev_hint == nullptr && use_pos->HasHint()) {
    current_hint_operand_ = hint;
  }
}


void LiveRange::ConvertUsesToOperand(InstructionOperand* op) {
  auto use_pos = first_pos();
  while (use_pos != nullptr) {
    DCHECK(Start().Value() <= use_pos->pos().Value() &&
           use_pos->pos().Value() <= End().Value());

    if (use_pos->HasOperand()) {
      DCHECK(op->IsRegister() || op->IsDoubleRegister() ||
             !use_pos->RequiresRegister());
      use_pos->operand()->ConvertTo(op->kind(), op->index());
    }
    use_pos = use_pos->next();
  }
}


bool LiveRange::CanCover(LifetimePosition position) const {
  if (IsEmpty()) return false;
  return Start().Value() <= position.Value() &&
         position.Value() < End().Value();
}


bool LiveRange::Covers(LifetimePosition position) {
  if (!CanCover(position)) return false;
  auto start_search = FirstSearchIntervalForPosition(position);
  for (auto interval = start_search; interval != nullptr;
       interval = interval->next()) {
    DCHECK(interval->next() == nullptr ||
           interval->next()->start().Value() >= interval->start().Value());
    AdvanceLastProcessedMarker(interval, position);
    if (interval->Contains(position)) return true;
    if (interval->start().Value() > position.Value()) return false;
  }
  return false;
}


LifetimePosition LiveRange::FirstIntersection(LiveRange* other) {
  auto b = other->first_interval();
  if (b == nullptr) return LifetimePosition::Invalid();
  auto advance_last_processed_up_to = b->start();
  auto a = FirstSearchIntervalForPosition(b->start());
  while (a != nullptr && b != nullptr) {
    if (a->start().Value() > other->End().Value()) break;
    if (b->start().Value() > End().Value()) break;
    auto cur_intersection = a->Intersect(b);
    if (cur_intersection.IsValid()) {
      return cur_intersection;
    }
    if (a->start().Value() < b->start().Value()) {
      a = a->next();
      if (a == nullptr || a->start().Value() > other->End().Value()) break;
      AdvanceLastProcessedMarker(a, advance_last_processed_up_to);
    } else {
      b = b->next();
    }
  }
  return LifetimePosition::Invalid();
}


RegisterAllocator::RegisterAllocator(const RegisterConfiguration* config,
                                     Zone* zone, Frame* frame,
                                     InstructionSequence* code,
                                     const char* debug_name)
    : local_zone_(zone),
      frame_(frame),
      code_(code),
      debug_name_(debug_name),
      config_(config),
      phi_map_(PhiMap::key_compare(), PhiMap::allocator_type(local_zone())),
      live_in_sets_(code->InstructionBlockCount(), nullptr, local_zone()),
      live_ranges_(code->VirtualRegisterCount() * 2, nullptr, local_zone()),
      fixed_live_ranges_(this->config()->num_general_registers(), nullptr,
                         local_zone()),
      fixed_double_live_ranges_(this->config()->num_double_registers(), nullptr,
                                local_zone()),
      unhandled_live_ranges_(local_zone()),
      active_live_ranges_(local_zone()),
      inactive_live_ranges_(local_zone()),
      reusable_slots_(local_zone()),
      spill_ranges_(local_zone()),
      mode_(UNALLOCATED_REGISTERS),
      num_registers_(-1),
      allocation_ok_(true) {
  DCHECK(this->config()->num_general_registers() <=
         RegisterConfiguration::kMaxGeneralRegisters);
  DCHECK(this->config()->num_double_registers() <=
         RegisterConfiguration::kMaxDoubleRegisters);
  // TryAllocateFreeReg and AllocateBlockedReg assume this
  // when allocating local arrays.
  DCHECK(RegisterConfiguration::kMaxDoubleRegisters >=
         this->config()->num_general_registers());
  unhandled_live_ranges().reserve(
      static_cast<size_t>(code->VirtualRegisterCount() * 2));
  active_live_ranges().reserve(8);
  inactive_live_ranges().reserve(8);
  reusable_slots().reserve(8);
  spill_ranges().reserve(8);
  assigned_registers_ =
      new (code_zone()) BitVector(config->num_general_registers(), code_zone());
  assigned_double_registers_ = new (code_zone())
      BitVector(config->num_aliased_double_registers(), code_zone());
  frame->SetAllocatedRegisters(assigned_registers_);
  frame->SetAllocatedDoubleRegisters(assigned_double_registers_);
}


BitVector* RegisterAllocator::ComputeLiveOut(const InstructionBlock* block) {
  // Compute live out for the given block, except not including backward
  // successor edges.
  auto live_out = new (local_zone())
      BitVector(code()->VirtualRegisterCount(), local_zone());

  // Process all successor blocks.
  for (auto succ : block->successors()) {
    // Add values live on entry to the successor. Note the successor's
    // live_in will not be computed yet for backwards edges.
    auto live_in = live_in_sets_[succ.ToSize()];
    if (live_in != nullptr) live_out->Union(*live_in);

    // All phi input operands corresponding to this successor edge are live
    // out from this block.
    auto successor = code()->InstructionBlockAt(succ);
    size_t index = successor->PredecessorIndexOf(block->rpo_number());
    DCHECK(index < successor->PredecessorCount());
    for (auto phi : successor->phis()) {
      live_out->Add(phi->operands()[index]);
    }
  }
  return live_out;
}


void RegisterAllocator::AddInitialIntervals(const InstructionBlock* block,
                                            BitVector* live_out) {
  // Add an interval that includes the entire block to the live range for
  // each live_out value.
  auto start =
      LifetimePosition::FromInstructionIndex(block->first_instruction_index());
  auto end = LifetimePosition::FromInstructionIndex(
                 block->last_instruction_index()).NextInstruction();
  BitVector::Iterator iterator(live_out);
  while (!iterator.Done()) {
    int operand_index = iterator.Current();
    auto range = LiveRangeFor(operand_index);
    range->AddUseInterval(start, end, local_zone());
    iterator.Advance();
  }
}


int RegisterAllocator::FixedDoubleLiveRangeID(int index) {
  return -index - 1 - config()->num_general_registers();
}


InstructionOperand* RegisterAllocator::AllocateFixed(
    UnallocatedOperand* operand, int pos, bool is_tagged) {
  TraceAlloc("Allocating fixed reg for op %d\n", operand->virtual_register());
  DCHECK(operand->HasFixedPolicy());
  if (operand->HasFixedSlotPolicy()) {
    operand->ConvertTo(InstructionOperand::STACK_SLOT,
                       operand->fixed_slot_index());
  } else if (operand->HasFixedRegisterPolicy()) {
    int reg_index = operand->fixed_register_index();
    operand->ConvertTo(InstructionOperand::REGISTER, reg_index);
  } else if (operand->HasFixedDoubleRegisterPolicy()) {
    int reg_index = operand->fixed_register_index();
    operand->ConvertTo(InstructionOperand::DOUBLE_REGISTER, reg_index);
  } else {
    UNREACHABLE();
  }
  if (is_tagged) {
    TraceAlloc("Fixed reg is tagged at %d\n", pos);
    auto instr = InstructionAt(pos);
    if (instr->HasPointerMap()) {
      instr->pointer_map()->RecordPointer(operand, code_zone());
    }
  }
  return operand;
}


LiveRange* RegisterAllocator::FixedLiveRangeFor(int index) {
  DCHECK(index < config()->num_general_registers());
  auto result = fixed_live_ranges()[index];
  if (result == nullptr) {
    // TODO(titzer): add a utility method to allocate a new LiveRange:
    // The LiveRange object itself can go in this zone, but the
    // InstructionOperand needs
    // to go in the code zone, since it may survive register allocation.
    result = new (local_zone()) LiveRange(FixedLiveRangeID(index), code_zone());
    DCHECK(result->IsFixed());
    result->kind_ = GENERAL_REGISTERS;
    SetLiveRangeAssignedRegister(result, index);
    fixed_live_ranges()[index] = result;
  }
  return result;
}


LiveRange* RegisterAllocator::FixedDoubleLiveRangeFor(int index) {
  DCHECK(index < config()->num_aliased_double_registers());
  auto result = fixed_double_live_ranges()[index];
  if (result == nullptr) {
    result = new (local_zone())
        LiveRange(FixedDoubleLiveRangeID(index), code_zone());
    DCHECK(result->IsFixed());
    result->kind_ = DOUBLE_REGISTERS;
    SetLiveRangeAssignedRegister(result, index);
    fixed_double_live_ranges()[index] = result;
  }
  return result;
}


LiveRange* RegisterAllocator::LiveRangeFor(int index) {
  if (index >= static_cast<int>(live_ranges().size())) {
    live_ranges().resize(index + 1, nullptr);
  }
  auto result = live_ranges()[index];
  if (result == nullptr) {
    result = new (local_zone()) LiveRange(index, code_zone());
    live_ranges()[index] = result;
  }
  return result;
}


GapInstruction* RegisterAllocator::GetLastGap(const InstructionBlock* block) {
  int last_instruction = block->last_instruction_index();
  return code()->GapAt(last_instruction - 1);
}


LiveRange* RegisterAllocator::LiveRangeFor(InstructionOperand* operand) {
  if (operand->IsUnallocated()) {
    return LiveRangeFor(UnallocatedOperand::cast(operand)->virtual_register());
  } else if (operand->IsRegister()) {
    return FixedLiveRangeFor(operand->index());
  } else if (operand->IsDoubleRegister()) {
    return FixedDoubleLiveRangeFor(operand->index());
  } else {
    return nullptr;
  }
}


void RegisterAllocator::Define(LifetimePosition position,
                               InstructionOperand* operand,
                               InstructionOperand* hint) {
  auto range = LiveRangeFor(operand);
  if (range == nullptr) return;

  if (range->IsEmpty() || range->Start().Value() > position.Value()) {
    // Can happen if there is a definition without use.
    range->AddUseInterval(position, position.NextInstruction(), local_zone());
    range->AddUsePosition(position.NextInstruction(), nullptr, nullptr,
                          local_zone());
  } else {
    range->ShortenTo(position);
  }

  if (operand->IsUnallocated()) {
    auto unalloc_operand = UnallocatedOperand::cast(operand);
    range->AddUsePosition(position, unalloc_operand, hint, local_zone());
  }
}


void RegisterAllocator::Use(LifetimePosition block_start,
                            LifetimePosition position,
                            InstructionOperand* operand,
                            InstructionOperand* hint) {
  auto range = LiveRangeFor(operand);
  if (range == nullptr) return;
  if (operand->IsUnallocated()) {
    UnallocatedOperand* unalloc_operand = UnallocatedOperand::cast(operand);
    range->AddUsePosition(position, unalloc_operand, hint, local_zone());
  }
  range->AddUseInterval(block_start, position, local_zone());
}


void RegisterAllocator::AddGapMove(int index,
                                   GapInstruction::InnerPosition position,
                                   InstructionOperand* from,
                                   InstructionOperand* to) {
  auto gap = code()->GapAt(index);
  auto move = gap->GetOrCreateParallelMove(position, code_zone());
  move->AddMove(from, to, code_zone());
}


static bool AreUseIntervalsIntersecting(UseInterval* interval1,
                                        UseInterval* interval2) {
  while (interval1 != nullptr && interval2 != nullptr) {
    if (interval1->start().Value() < interval2->start().Value()) {
      if (interval1->end().Value() > interval2->start().Value()) {
        return true;
      }
      interval1 = interval1->next();
    } else {
      if (interval2->end().Value() > interval1->start().Value()) {
        return true;
      }
      interval2 = interval2->next();
    }
  }
  return false;
}


SpillRange::SpillRange(LiveRange* range, Zone* zone) : live_ranges_(zone) {
  auto src = range->first_interval();
  UseInterval* result = nullptr;
  UseInterval* node = nullptr;
  // Copy the nodes
  while (src != nullptr) {
    auto new_node = new (zone) UseInterval(src->start(), src->end());
    if (result == nullptr) {
      result = new_node;
    } else {
      node->set_next(new_node);
    }
    node = new_node;
    src = src->next();
  }
  use_interval_ = result;
  live_ranges().push_back(range);
  end_position_ = node->end();
  DCHECK(!range->HasSpillRange());
  range->SetSpillRange(this);
}


bool SpillRange::IsIntersectingWith(SpillRange* other) const {
  if (this->use_interval_ == nullptr || other->use_interval_ == nullptr ||
      this->End().Value() <= other->use_interval_->start().Value() ||
      other->End().Value() <= this->use_interval_->start().Value()) {
    return false;
  }
  return AreUseIntervalsIntersecting(use_interval_, other->use_interval_);
}


bool SpillRange::TryMerge(SpillRange* other) {
  if (Kind() != other->Kind() || IsIntersectingWith(other)) return false;

  auto max = LifetimePosition::MaxPosition();
  if (End().Value() < other->End().Value() &&
      other->End().Value() != max.Value()) {
    end_position_ = other->End();
  }
  other->end_position_ = max;

  MergeDisjointIntervals(other->use_interval_);
  other->use_interval_ = nullptr;

  for (auto range : other->live_ranges()) {
    DCHECK(range->GetSpillRange() == other);
    range->SetSpillRange(this);
  }

  live_ranges().insert(live_ranges().end(), other->live_ranges().begin(),
                       other->live_ranges().end());
  other->live_ranges().clear();

  return true;
}


void SpillRange::SetOperand(InstructionOperand* op) {
  for (auto range : live_ranges()) {
    DCHECK(range->GetSpillRange() == this);
    range->CommitSpillOperand(op);
  }
}


void SpillRange::MergeDisjointIntervals(UseInterval* other) {
  UseInterval* tail = nullptr;
  auto current = use_interval_;
  while (other != nullptr) {
    // Make sure the 'current' list starts first
    if (current == nullptr ||
        current->start().Value() > other->start().Value()) {
      std::swap(current, other);
    }
    // Check disjointness
    DCHECK(other == nullptr ||
           current->end().Value() <= other->start().Value());
    // Append the 'current' node to the result accumulator and move forward
    if (tail == nullptr) {
      use_interval_ = current;
    } else {
      tail->set_next(current);
    }
    tail = current;
    current = current->next();
  }
  // Other list is empty => we are done
}


void RegisterAllocator::ReuseSpillSlots() {
  DCHECK(FLAG_turbo_reuse_spill_slots);

  // Merge disjoint spill ranges
  for (size_t i = 0; i < spill_ranges().size(); i++) {
    auto range = spill_ranges()[i];
    if (range->IsEmpty()) continue;
    for (size_t j = i + 1; j < spill_ranges().size(); j++) {
      auto other = spill_ranges()[j];
      if (!other->IsEmpty()) {
        range->TryMerge(other);
      }
    }
  }

  // Allocate slots for the merged spill ranges.
  for (auto range : spill_ranges()) {
    if (range->IsEmpty()) continue;
    // Allocate a new operand referring to the spill slot.
    auto kind = range->Kind();
    int index = frame()->AllocateSpillSlot(kind == DOUBLE_REGISTERS);
    auto op_kind = kind == DOUBLE_REGISTERS
                       ? InstructionOperand::DOUBLE_STACK_SLOT
                       : InstructionOperand::STACK_SLOT;
    auto op = new (code_zone()) InstructionOperand(op_kind, index);
    range->SetOperand(op);
  }
}


void RegisterAllocator::CommitAssignment() {
  for (auto range : live_ranges()) {
    if (range == nullptr || range->IsEmpty()) continue;
    // Register assignments were committed in set_assigned_register.
    if (range->HasRegisterAssigned()) continue;
    auto assigned = range->CreateAssignedOperand(code_zone());
    range->ConvertUsesToOperand(assigned);
    if (range->IsSpilled()) {
      range->CommitSpillsAtDefinition(code(), assigned);
    }
  }
}


SpillRange* RegisterAllocator::AssignSpillRangeToLiveRange(LiveRange* range) {
  DCHECK(FLAG_turbo_reuse_spill_slots);
  auto spill_range = new (local_zone()) SpillRange(range, local_zone());
  spill_ranges().push_back(spill_range);
  return spill_range;
}


bool RegisterAllocator::TryReuseSpillForPhi(LiveRange* range) {
  DCHECK(FLAG_turbo_reuse_spill_slots);
  if (range->IsChild() || !range->is_phi()) return false;
  DCHECK(range->HasNoSpillType());

  auto lookup = phi_map_.find(range->id());
  DCHECK(lookup != phi_map_.end());
  auto phi = lookup->second.phi;
  auto block = lookup->second.block;
  // Count the number of spilled operands.
  size_t spilled_count = 0;
  LiveRange* first_op = nullptr;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < phi->operands().size(); i++) {
    int op = phi->operands()[i];
    LiveRange* op_range = LiveRangeFor(op);
    if (op_range->GetSpillRange() == nullptr) continue;
    auto pred = code()->InstructionBlockAt(block->predecessors()[i]);
    auto pred_end =
        LifetimePosition::FromInstructionIndex(pred->last_instruction_index());
    while (op_range != nullptr && !op_range->CanCover(pred_end)) {
      op_range = op_range->next();
    }
    if (op_range != nullptr && op_range->IsSpilled()) {
      spilled_count++;
      if (first_op == nullptr) {
        first_op = op_range->TopLevel();
      }
    }
  }

  // Only continue if more than half of the operands are spilled.
  if (spilled_count * 2 <= phi->operands().size()) {
    return false;
  }

  // Try to merge the spilled operands and count the number of merged spilled
  // operands.
  DCHECK(first_op != nullptr);
  auto first_op_spill = first_op->GetSpillRange();
  size_t num_merged = 1;
  for (size_t i = 1; i < phi->operands().size(); i++) {
    int op = phi->operands()[i];
    auto op_range = LiveRangeFor(op);
    auto op_spill = op_range->GetSpillRange();
    if (op_spill != nullptr &&
        (op_spill == first_op_spill || first_op_spill->TryMerge(op_spill))) {
      num_merged++;
    }
  }

  // Only continue if enough operands could be merged to the
  // same spill slot.
  if (num_merged * 2 <= phi->operands().size() ||
      AreUseIntervalsIntersecting(first_op_spill->interval(),
                                  range->first_interval())) {
    return false;
  }

  // If the range does not need register soon, spill it to the merged
  // spill range.
  auto next_pos = range->Start();
  if (code()->IsGapAt(next_pos.InstructionIndex())) {
    next_pos = next_pos.NextInstruction();
  }
  auto pos = range->NextUsePositionRegisterIsBeneficial(next_pos);
  if (pos == nullptr) {
    auto spill_range = AssignSpillRangeToLiveRange(range->TopLevel());
    CHECK(first_op_spill->TryMerge(spill_range));
    Spill(range);
    return true;
  } else if (pos->pos().Value() > range->Start().NextInstruction().Value()) {
    auto spill_range = AssignSpillRangeToLiveRange(range->TopLevel());
    CHECK(first_op_spill->TryMerge(spill_range));
    SpillBetween(range, range->Start(), pos->pos());
    if (!AllocationOk()) return false;
    DCHECK(UnhandledIsSorted());
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}


void RegisterAllocator::MeetRegisterConstraints(const InstructionBlock* block) {
  int start = block->first_instruction_index();
  int end = block->last_instruction_index();
  DCHECK_NE(-1, start);
  for (int i = start; i <= end; ++i) {
    if (code()->IsGapAt(i)) {
      Instruction* instr = nullptr;
      Instruction* prev_instr = nullptr;
      if (i < end) instr = InstructionAt(i + 1);
      if (i > start) prev_instr = InstructionAt(i - 1);
      MeetConstraintsBetween(prev_instr, instr, i);
      if (!AllocationOk()) return;
    }
  }

  // Meet register constraints for the instruction in the end.
  if (!code()->IsGapAt(end)) {
    MeetRegisterConstraintsForLastInstructionInBlock(block);
  }
}


void RegisterAllocator::MeetRegisterConstraintsForLastInstructionInBlock(
    const InstructionBlock* block) {
  int end = block->last_instruction_index();
  auto last_instruction = InstructionAt(end);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < last_instruction->OutputCount(); i++) {
    auto output_operand = last_instruction->OutputAt(i);
    DCHECK(!output_operand->IsConstant());
    auto output = UnallocatedOperand::cast(output_operand);
    int output_vreg = output->virtual_register();
    auto range = LiveRangeFor(output_vreg);
    bool assigned = false;
    if (output->HasFixedPolicy()) {
      AllocateFixed(output, -1, false);
      // This value is produced on the stack, we never need to spill it.
      if (output->IsStackSlot()) {
        DCHECK(output->index() < 0);
        range->SetSpillOperand(output);
        range->SetSpillStartIndex(end);
        assigned = true;
      }

      for (auto succ : block->successors()) {
        const InstructionBlock* successor = code()->InstructionBlockAt(succ);
        DCHECK(successor->PredecessorCount() == 1);
        int gap_index = successor->first_instruction_index() + 1;
        DCHECK(code()->IsGapAt(gap_index));

        // Create an unconstrained operand for the same virtual register
        // and insert a gap move from the fixed output to the operand.
        UnallocatedOperand* output_copy =
            new (code_zone()) UnallocatedOperand(UnallocatedOperand::ANY);
        output_copy->set_virtual_register(output_vreg);

        AddGapMove(gap_index, GapInstruction::START, output, output_copy);
      }
    }

    if (!assigned) {
      for (auto succ : block->successors()) {
        const InstructionBlock* successor = code()->InstructionBlockAt(succ);
        DCHECK(successor->PredecessorCount() == 1);
        int gap_index = successor->first_instruction_index() + 1;
        range->SpillAtDefinition(local_zone(), gap_index, output);
        range->SetSpillStartIndex(gap_index);
      }
    }
  }
}


void RegisterAllocator::MeetConstraintsBetween(Instruction* first,
                                               Instruction* second,
                                               int gap_index) {
  if (first != nullptr) {
    // Handle fixed temporaries.
    for (size_t i = 0; i < first->TempCount(); i++) {
      auto temp = UnallocatedOperand::cast(first->TempAt(i));
      if (temp->HasFixedPolicy()) {
        AllocateFixed(temp, gap_index - 1, false);
      }
    }

    // Handle constant/fixed output operands.
    for (size_t i = 0; i < first->OutputCount(); i++) {
      InstructionOperand* output = first->OutputAt(i);
      if (output->IsConstant()) {
        int output_vreg = output->index();
        auto range = LiveRangeFor(output_vreg);
        range->SetSpillStartIndex(gap_index - 1);
        range->SetSpillOperand(output);
      } else {
        auto first_output = UnallocatedOperand::cast(output);
        auto range = LiveRangeFor(first_output->virtual_register());
        bool assigned = false;
        if (first_output->HasFixedPolicy()) {
          auto output_copy = first_output->CopyUnconstrained(code_zone());
          bool is_tagged = HasTaggedValue(first_output->virtual_register());
          AllocateFixed(first_output, gap_index, is_tagged);

          // This value is produced on the stack, we never need to spill it.
          if (first_output->IsStackSlot()) {
            DCHECK(first_output->index() < 0);
            range->SetSpillOperand(first_output);
            range->SetSpillStartIndex(gap_index - 1);
            assigned = true;
          }
          AddGapMove(gap_index, GapInstruction::START, first_output,
                     output_copy);
        }

        // Make sure we add a gap move for spilling (if we have not done
        // so already).
        if (!assigned) {
          range->SpillAtDefinition(local_zone(), gap_index, first_output);
          range->SetSpillStartIndex(gap_index);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  if (second != nullptr) {
    // Handle fixed input operands of second instruction.
    for (size_t i = 0; i < second->InputCount(); i++) {
      auto input = second->InputAt(i);
      if (input->IsImmediate()) continue;  // Ignore immediates.
      auto cur_input = UnallocatedOperand::cast(input);
      if (cur_input->HasFixedPolicy()) {
        auto input_copy = cur_input->CopyUnconstrained(code_zone());
        bool is_tagged = HasTaggedValue(cur_input->virtual_register());
        AllocateFixed(cur_input, gap_index + 1, is_tagged);
        AddGapMove(gap_index, GapInstruction::END, input_copy, cur_input);
      }
    }

    // Handle "output same as input" for second instruction.
    for (size_t i = 0; i < second->OutputCount(); i++) {
      auto output = second->OutputAt(i);
      if (!output->IsUnallocated()) continue;
      auto second_output = UnallocatedOperand::cast(output);
      if (second_output->HasSameAsInputPolicy()) {
        DCHECK(i == 0);  // Only valid for first output.
        UnallocatedOperand* cur_input =
            UnallocatedOperand::cast(second->InputAt(0));
        int output_vreg = second_output->virtual_register();
        int input_vreg = cur_input->virtual_register();

        auto input_copy = cur_input->CopyUnconstrained(code_zone());
        cur_input->set_virtual_register(second_output->virtual_register());
        AddGapMove(gap_index, GapInstruction::END, input_copy, cur_input);

        if (HasTaggedValue(input_vreg) && !HasTaggedValue(output_vreg)) {
          int index = gap_index + 1;
          Instruction* instr = InstructionAt(index);
          if (instr->HasPointerMap()) {
            instr->pointer_map()->RecordPointer(input_copy, code_zone());
          }
        } else if (!HasTaggedValue(input_vreg) && HasTaggedValue(output_vreg)) {
          // The input is assumed to immediately have a tagged representation,
          // before the pointer map can be used. I.e. the pointer map at the
          // instruction will include the output operand (whose value at the
          // beginning of the instruction is equal to the input operand). If
          // this is not desired, then the pointer map at this instruction needs
          // to be adjusted manually.
        }
      }
    }
  }
}


bool RegisterAllocator::IsOutputRegisterOf(Instruction* instr, int index) {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < instr->OutputCount(); i++) {
    auto output = instr->OutputAt(i);
    if (output->IsRegister() && output->index() == index) return true;
  }
  return false;
}


bool RegisterAllocator::IsOutputDoubleRegisterOf(Instruction* instr,
                                                 int index) {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < instr->OutputCount(); i++) {
    auto output = instr->OutputAt(i);
    if (output->IsDoubleRegister() && output->index() == index) return true;
  }
  return false;
}


void RegisterAllocator::ProcessInstructions(const InstructionBlock* block,
                                            BitVector* live) {
  int block_start = block->first_instruction_index();
  auto block_start_position =
      LifetimePosition::FromInstructionIndex(block_start);

  for (int index = block->last_instruction_index(); index >= block_start;
       index--) {
    auto curr_position = LifetimePosition::FromInstructionIndex(index);
    auto instr = InstructionAt(index);
    DCHECK(instr != nullptr);
    if (instr->IsGapMoves()) {
      // Process the moves of the gap instruction, making their sources live.
      auto gap = code()->GapAt(index);
      const GapInstruction::InnerPosition kPositions[] = {
          GapInstruction::END, GapInstruction::START};
      for (auto position : kPositions) {
        auto move = gap->GetParallelMove(position);
        if (move == nullptr) continue;
        if (position == GapInstruction::END) {
          curr_position = curr_position.InstructionEnd();
        } else {
          curr_position = curr_position.InstructionStart();
        }
        auto move_ops = move->move_operands();
        for (auto cur = move_ops->begin(); cur != move_ops->end(); ++cur) {
          auto from = cur->source();
          auto to = cur->destination();
          auto hint = to;
          if (to->IsUnallocated()) {
            int to_vreg = UnallocatedOperand::cast(to)->virtual_register();
            auto to_range = LiveRangeFor(to_vreg);
            if (to_range->is_phi()) {
              DCHECK(!FLAG_turbo_delay_ssa_decon);
              if (to_range->is_non_loop_phi()) {
                hint = to_range->current_hint_operand();
              }
            } else {
              if (live->Contains(to_vreg)) {
                Define(curr_position, to, from);
                live->Remove(to_vreg);
              } else {
                cur->Eliminate();
                continue;
              }
            }
          } else {
            Define(curr_position, to, from);
          }
          Use(block_start_position, curr_position, from, hint);
          if (from->IsUnallocated()) {
            live->Add(UnallocatedOperand::cast(from)->virtual_register());
          }
        }
      }
    } else {
      // Process output, inputs, and temps of this non-gap instruction.
      for (size_t i = 0; i < instr->OutputCount(); i++) {
        auto output = instr->OutputAt(i);
        if (output->IsUnallocated()) {
          int out_vreg = UnallocatedOperand::cast(output)->virtual_register();
          live->Remove(out_vreg);
        } else if (output->IsConstant()) {
          int out_vreg = output->index();
          live->Remove(out_vreg);
        }
        Define(curr_position, output, nullptr);
      }

      if (instr->ClobbersRegisters()) {
        for (int i = 0; i < config()->num_general_registers(); ++i) {
          if (!IsOutputRegisterOf(instr, i)) {
            auto range = FixedLiveRangeFor(i);
            range->AddUseInterval(curr_position, curr_position.InstructionEnd(),
                                  local_zone());
          }
        }
      }

      if (instr->ClobbersDoubleRegisters()) {
        for (int i = 0; i < config()->num_aliased_double_registers(); ++i) {
          if (!IsOutputDoubleRegisterOf(instr, i)) {
            auto range = FixedDoubleLiveRangeFor(i);
            range->AddUseInterval(curr_position, curr_position.InstructionEnd(),
                                  local_zone());
          }
        }
      }

      for (size_t i = 0; i < instr->InputCount(); i++) {
        auto input = instr->InputAt(i);
        if (input->IsImmediate()) continue;  // Ignore immediates.
        LifetimePosition use_pos;
        if (input->IsUnallocated() &&
            UnallocatedOperand::cast(input)->IsUsedAtStart()) {
          use_pos = curr_position;
        } else {
          use_pos = curr_position.InstructionEnd();
        }

        Use(block_start_position, use_pos, input, nullptr);
        if (input->IsUnallocated()) {
          live->Add(UnallocatedOperand::cast(input)->virtual_register());
        }
      }

      for (size_t i = 0; i < instr->TempCount(); i++) {
        auto temp = instr->TempAt(i);
        if (instr->ClobbersTemps()) {
          if (temp->IsRegister()) continue;
          if (temp->IsUnallocated()) {
            UnallocatedOperand* temp_unalloc = UnallocatedOperand::cast(temp);
            if (temp_unalloc->HasFixedPolicy()) {
              continue;
            }
          }
        }
        Use(block_start_position, curr_position.InstructionEnd(), temp,
            nullptr);
        Define(curr_position, temp, nullptr);
      }
    }
  }
}


void RegisterAllocator::ResolvePhis(const InstructionBlock* block) {
  for (auto phi : block->phis()) {
    if (FLAG_turbo_reuse_spill_slots) {
      auto res = phi_map_.insert(
          std::make_pair(phi->virtual_register(), PhiMapValue(phi, block)));
      DCHECK(res.second);
      USE(res);
    }
    auto output = phi->output();
    int phi_vreg = phi->virtual_register();
    if (!FLAG_turbo_delay_ssa_decon) {
      for (size_t i = 0; i < phi->operands().size(); ++i) {
        InstructionBlock* cur_block =
            code()->InstructionBlockAt(block->predecessors()[i]);
        AddGapMove(cur_block->last_instruction_index() - 1, GapInstruction::END,
                   phi->inputs()[i], output);
        DCHECK(!InstructionAt(cur_block->last_instruction_index())
                    ->HasPointerMap());
      }
    }
    auto live_range = LiveRangeFor(phi_vreg);
    int gap_index = block->first_instruction_index();
    live_range->SpillAtDefinition(local_zone(), gap_index, output);
    live_range->SetSpillStartIndex(gap_index);
    // We use the phi-ness of some nodes in some later heuristics.
    live_range->set_is_phi(true);
    live_range->set_is_non_loop_phi(!block->IsLoopHeader());
  }
}


void RegisterAllocator::MeetRegisterConstraints() {
  for (auto block : code()->instruction_blocks()) {
    MeetRegisterConstraints(block);
  }
}


void RegisterAllocator::ResolvePhis() {
  // Process the blocks in reverse order.
  for (auto i = code()->instruction_blocks().rbegin();
       i != code()->instruction_blocks().rend(); ++i) {
    ResolvePhis(*i);
  }
}


ParallelMove* RegisterAllocator::GetConnectingParallelMove(
    LifetimePosition pos) {
  int index = pos.InstructionIndex();
  if (code()->IsGapAt(index)) {
    auto gap = code()->GapAt(index);
    return gap->GetOrCreateParallelMove(
        pos.IsInstructionStart() ? GapInstruction::START : GapInstruction::END,
        code_zone());
  }
  int gap_pos = pos.IsInstructionStart() ? (index - 1) : (index + 1);
  return code()->GapAt(gap_pos)->GetOrCreateParallelMove(
      (gap_pos < index) ? GapInstruction::AFTER : GapInstruction::BEFORE,
      code_zone());
}


const InstructionBlock* RegisterAllocator::GetInstructionBlock(
    LifetimePosition pos) {
  return code()->GetInstructionBlock(pos.InstructionIndex());
}


void RegisterAllocator::ConnectRanges() {
  for (auto first_range : live_ranges()) {
    if (first_range == nullptr || first_range->IsChild()) continue;
    auto second_range = first_range->next();
    while (second_range != nullptr) {
      auto pos = second_range->Start();
      if (!second_range->IsSpilled()) {
        // Add gap move if the two live ranges touch and there is no block
        // boundary.
        if (first_range->End().Value() == pos.Value()) {
          bool should_insert = true;
          if (IsBlockBoundary(pos)) {
            should_insert =
                CanEagerlyResolveControlFlow(GetInstructionBlock(pos));
          }
          if (should_insert) {
            auto move = GetConnectingParallelMove(pos);
            auto prev_operand = first_range->CreateAssignedOperand(code_zone());
            auto cur_operand = second_range->CreateAssignedOperand(code_zone());
            move->AddMove(prev_operand, cur_operand, code_zone());
          }
        }
      }
      first_range = second_range;
      second_range = second_range->next();
    }
  }
}


bool RegisterAllocator::CanEagerlyResolveControlFlow(
    const InstructionBlock* block) const {
  if (block->PredecessorCount() != 1) return false;
  return block->predecessors()[0].IsNext(block->rpo_number());
}


namespace {

class LiveRangeBound {
 public:
  explicit LiveRangeBound(const LiveRange* range)
      : range_(range), start_(range->Start()), end_(range->End()) {
    DCHECK(!range->IsEmpty());
  }

  bool CanCover(LifetimePosition position) {
    return start_.Value() <= position.Value() &&
           position.Value() < end_.Value();
  }

  const LiveRange* const range_;
  const LifetimePosition start_;
  const LifetimePosition end_;

 private:
  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(LiveRangeBound);
};


struct FindResult {
  const LiveRange* cur_cover_;
  const LiveRange* pred_cover_;
};


class LiveRangeBoundArray {
 public:
  LiveRangeBoundArray() : length_(0), start_(nullptr) {}

  bool ShouldInitialize() { return start_ == nullptr; }

  void Initialize(Zone* zone, const LiveRange* const range) {
    size_t length = 0;
    for (auto i = range; i != nullptr; i = i->next()) length++;
    start_ = zone->NewArray<LiveRangeBound>(static_cast<int>(length));
    length_ = length;
    auto curr = start_;
    for (auto i = range; i != nullptr; i = i->next(), ++curr) {
      new (curr) LiveRangeBound(i);
    }
  }

  LiveRangeBound* Find(const LifetimePosition position) const {
    size_t left_index = 0;
    size_t right_index = length_;
    while (true) {
      size_t current_index = left_index + (right_index - left_index) / 2;
      DCHECK(right_index > current_index);
      auto bound = &start_[current_index];
      if (bound->start_.Value() <= position.Value()) {
        if (position.Value() < bound->end_.Value()) return bound;
        DCHECK(left_index < current_index);
        left_index = current_index;
      } else {
        right_index = current_index;
      }
    }
  }

  LiveRangeBound* FindPred(const InstructionBlock* pred) {
    auto pred_end =
        LifetimePosition::FromInstructionIndex(pred->last_instruction_index());
    return Find(pred_end);
  }

  LiveRangeBound* FindSucc(const InstructionBlock* succ) {
    auto succ_start =
        LifetimePosition::FromInstructionIndex(succ->first_instruction_index());
    return Find(succ_start);
  }

  void Find(const InstructionBlock* block, const InstructionBlock* pred,
            FindResult* result) const {
    auto pred_end =
        LifetimePosition::FromInstructionIndex(pred->last_instruction_index());
    auto bound = Find(pred_end);
    result->pred_cover_ = bound->range_;
    auto cur_start = LifetimePosition::FromInstructionIndex(
        block->first_instruction_index());
    // Common case.
    if (bound->CanCover(cur_start)) {
      result->cur_cover_ = bound->range_;
      return;
    }
    result->cur_cover_ = Find(cur_start)->range_;
    DCHECK(result->pred_cover_ != nullptr && result->cur_cover_ != nullptr);
  }

 private:
  size_t length_;
  LiveRangeBound* start_;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(LiveRangeBoundArray);
};


class LiveRangeFinder {
 public:
  explicit LiveRangeFinder(const RegisterAllocator& allocator)
      : allocator_(allocator),
        bounds_length_(static_cast<int>(allocator.live_ranges().size())),
        bounds_(allocator.local_zone()->NewArray<LiveRangeBoundArray>(
            bounds_length_)) {
    for (int i = 0; i < bounds_length_; ++i) {
      new (&bounds_[i]) LiveRangeBoundArray();
    }
  }

  LiveRangeBoundArray* ArrayFor(int operand_index) {
    DCHECK(operand_index < bounds_length_);
    auto range = allocator_.live_ranges()[operand_index];
    DCHECK(range != nullptr && !range->IsEmpty());
    auto array = &bounds_[operand_index];
    if (array->ShouldInitialize()) {
      array->Initialize(allocator_.local_zone(), range);
    }
    return array;
  }

 private:
  const RegisterAllocator& allocator_;
  const int bounds_length_;
  LiveRangeBoundArray* const bounds_;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(LiveRangeFinder);
};

}  // namespace


void RegisterAllocator::ResolveControlFlow() {
  // Lazily linearize live ranges in memory for fast lookup.
  LiveRangeFinder finder(*this);
  for (auto block : code()->instruction_blocks()) {
    if (CanEagerlyResolveControlFlow(block)) continue;
    if (FLAG_turbo_delay_ssa_decon) {
      // resolve phis
      for (auto phi : block->phis()) {
        auto* block_bound =
            finder.ArrayFor(phi->virtual_register())->FindSucc(block);
        auto phi_output =
            block_bound->range_->CreateAssignedOperand(code_zone());
        phi->output()->ConvertTo(phi_output->kind(), phi_output->index());
        size_t pred_index = 0;
        for (auto pred : block->predecessors()) {
          const InstructionBlock* pred_block = code()->InstructionBlockAt(pred);
          auto* pred_bound = finder.ArrayFor(phi->operands()[pred_index])
                                 ->FindPred(pred_block);
          auto pred_op = pred_bound->range_->CreateAssignedOperand(code_zone());
          phi->inputs()[pred_index] = pred_op;
          ResolveControlFlow(block, phi_output, pred_block, pred_op);
          pred_index++;
        }
      }
    }
    auto live = live_in_sets_[block->rpo_number().ToInt()];
    BitVector::Iterator iterator(live);
    while (!iterator.Done()) {
      auto* array = finder.ArrayFor(iterator.Current());
      for (auto pred : block->predecessors()) {
        FindResult result;
        const auto* pred_block = code()->InstructionBlockAt(pred);
        array->Find(block, pred_block, &result);
        if (result.cur_cover_ == result.pred_cover_ ||
            result.cur_cover_->IsSpilled())
          continue;
        auto pred_op = result.pred_cover_->CreateAssignedOperand(code_zone());
        auto cur_op = result.cur_cover_->CreateAssignedOperand(code_zone());
        ResolveControlFlow(block, cur_op, pred_block, pred_op);
      }
      iterator.Advance();
    }
  }
}


void RegisterAllocator::ResolveControlFlow(const InstructionBlock* block,
                                           InstructionOperand* cur_op,
                                           const InstructionBlock* pred,
                                           InstructionOperand* pred_op) {
  if (pred_op->Equals(cur_op)) return;
  int gap_index;
  GapInstruction::InnerPosition position;
  if (block->PredecessorCount() == 1) {
    gap_index = block->first_instruction_index();
    position = GapInstruction::START;
  } else {
    DCHECK(pred->SuccessorCount() == 1);
    DCHECK(!InstructionAt(pred->last_instruction_index())->HasPointerMap());
    gap_index = pred->last_instruction_index() - 1;
    position = GapInstruction::END;
  }
  AddGapMove(gap_index, position, pred_op, cur_op);
}


void RegisterAllocator::BuildLiveRanges() {
  // Process the blocks in reverse order.
  for (int block_id = code()->InstructionBlockCount() - 1; block_id >= 0;
       --block_id) {
    auto block =
        code()->InstructionBlockAt(BasicBlock::RpoNumber::FromInt(block_id));
    auto live = ComputeLiveOut(block);
    // Initially consider all live_out values live for the entire block. We
    // will shorten these intervals if necessary.
    AddInitialIntervals(block, live);

    // Process the instructions in reverse order, generating and killing
    // live values.
    ProcessInstructions(block, live);
    // All phi output operands are killed by this block.
    for (auto phi : block->phis()) {
      // The live range interval already ends at the first instruction of the
      // block.
      int phi_vreg = phi->virtual_register();
      live->Remove(phi_vreg);
      if (!FLAG_turbo_delay_ssa_decon) {
        InstructionOperand* hint = nullptr;
        InstructionOperand* phi_operand = nullptr;
        auto gap =
            GetLastGap(code()->InstructionBlockAt(block->predecessors()[0]));
        auto move =
            gap->GetOrCreateParallelMove(GapInstruction::END, code_zone());
        for (int j = 0; j < move->move_operands()->length(); ++j) {
          auto to = move->move_operands()->at(j).destination();
          if (to->IsUnallocated() &&
              UnallocatedOperand::cast(to)->virtual_register() == phi_vreg) {
            hint = move->move_operands()->at(j).source();
            phi_operand = to;
            break;
          }
        }
        DCHECK(hint != nullptr);
        auto block_start = LifetimePosition::FromInstructionIndex(
            block->first_instruction_index());
        Define(block_start, phi_operand, hint);
      }
    }

    // Now live is live_in for this block except not including values live
    // out on backward successor edges.
    live_in_sets_[block_id] = live;

    if (block->IsLoopHeader()) {
      // Add a live range stretching from the first loop instruction to the last
      // for each value live on entry to the header.
      BitVector::Iterator iterator(live);
      auto start = LifetimePosition::FromInstructionIndex(
          block->first_instruction_index());
      auto end = LifetimePosition::FromInstructionIndex(
                     code()->LastLoopInstructionIndex(block)).NextInstruction();
      while (!iterator.Done()) {
        int operand_index = iterator.Current();
        auto range = LiveRangeFor(operand_index);
        range->EnsureInterval(start, end, local_zone());
        iterator.Advance();
      }
      // Insert all values into the live in sets of all blocks in the loop.
      for (int i = block->rpo_number().ToInt() + 1;
           i < block->loop_end().ToInt(); ++i) {
        live_in_sets_[i]->Union(*live);
      }
    }
  }

  for (auto range : live_ranges()) {
    if (range == nullptr) continue;
    range->kind_ = RequiredRegisterKind(range->id());
    // TODO(bmeurer): This is a horrible hack to make sure that for constant
    // live ranges, every use requires the constant to be in a register.
    // Without this hack, all uses with "any" policy would get the constant
    // operand assigned.
    if (range->HasSpillOperand() && range->GetSpillOperand()->IsConstant()) {
      for (auto pos = range->first_pos(); pos != nullptr; pos = pos->next_) {
        pos->register_beneficial_ = true;
        // TODO(dcarney): should the else case assert requires_reg_ == false?
        // Can't mark phis as needing a register.
        if (!code()
                 ->InstructionAt(pos->pos().InstructionIndex())
                 ->IsGapMoves()) {
          pos->requires_reg_ = true;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}


bool RegisterAllocator::ExistsUseWithoutDefinition() {
  bool found = false;
  BitVector::Iterator iterator(live_in_sets_[0]);
  while (!iterator.Done()) {
    found = true;
    int operand_index = iterator.Current();
    PrintF("Register allocator error: live v%d reached first block.\n",
           operand_index);
    LiveRange* range = LiveRangeFor(operand_index);
    PrintF("  (first use is at %d)\n", range->first_pos()->pos().Value());
    if (debug_name() == nullptr) {
      PrintF("\n");
    } else {
      PrintF("  (function: %s)\n", debug_name());
    }
    iterator.Advance();
  }
  return found;
}


bool RegisterAllocator::SafePointsAreInOrder() const {
  int safe_point = 0;
  for (auto map : *code()->pointer_maps()) {
    if (safe_point > map->instruction_position()) return false;
    safe_point = map->instruction_position();
  }
  return true;
}


void RegisterAllocator::PopulatePointerMaps() {
  DCHECK(SafePointsAreInOrder());

  // Iterate over all safe point positions and record a pointer
  // for all spilled live ranges at this point.
  int last_range_start = 0;
  auto pointer_maps = code()->pointer_maps();
  PointerMapDeque::const_iterator first_it = pointer_maps->begin();
  for (LiveRange* range : live_ranges()) {
    if (range == nullptr) continue;
    // Iterate over the first parts of multi-part live ranges.
    if (range->IsChild()) continue;
    // Skip non-reference values.
    if (!HasTaggedValue(range->id())) continue;
    // Skip empty live ranges.
    if (range->IsEmpty()) continue;

    // Find the extent of the range and its children.
    int start = range->Start().InstructionIndex();
    int end = 0;
    for (auto cur = range; cur != nullptr; cur = cur->next()) {
      auto this_end = cur->End();
      if (this_end.InstructionIndex() > end) end = this_end.InstructionIndex();
      DCHECK(cur->Start().InstructionIndex() >= start);
    }

    // Most of the ranges are in order, but not all.  Keep an eye on when they
    // step backwards and reset the first_it so we don't miss any safe points.
    if (start < last_range_start) first_it = pointer_maps->begin();
    last_range_start = start;

    // Step across all the safe points that are before the start of this range,
    // recording how far we step in order to save doing this for the next range.
    for (; first_it != pointer_maps->end(); ++first_it) {
      auto map = *first_it;
      if (map->instruction_position() >= start) break;
    }

    // Step through the safe points to see whether they are in the range.
    for (auto it = first_it; it != pointer_maps->end(); ++it) {
      auto map = *it;
      int safe_point = map->instruction_position();

      // The safe points are sorted so we can stop searching here.
      if (safe_point - 1 > end) break;

      // Advance to the next active range that covers the current
      // safe point position.
      auto safe_point_pos = LifetimePosition::FromInstructionIndex(safe_point);
      auto cur = range;
      while (cur != nullptr && !cur->Covers(safe_point_pos)) {
        cur = cur->next();
      }
      if (cur == nullptr) continue;

      // Check if the live range is spilled and the safe point is after
      // the spill position.
      if (range->HasSpillOperand() &&
          safe_point >= range->spill_start_index() &&
          !range->GetSpillOperand()->IsConstant()) {
        TraceAlloc("Pointer for range %d (spilled at %d) at safe point %d\n",
                   range->id(), range->spill_start_index(), safe_point);
        map->RecordPointer(range->GetSpillOperand(), code_zone());
      }

      if (!cur->IsSpilled()) {
        TraceAlloc(
            "Pointer in register for range %d (start at %d) "
            "at safe point %d\n",
            cur->id(), cur->Start().Value(), safe_point);
        InstructionOperand* operand = cur->CreateAssignedOperand(code_zone());
        DCHECK(!operand->IsStackSlot());
        map->RecordPointer(operand, code_zone());
      }
    }
  }
}


void RegisterAllocator::AllocateGeneralRegisters() {
  num_registers_ = config()->num_general_registers();
  mode_ = GENERAL_REGISTERS;
  AllocateRegisters();
}


void RegisterAllocator::AllocateDoubleRegisters() {
  num_registers_ = config()->num_aliased_double_registers();
  mode_ = DOUBLE_REGISTERS;
  AllocateRegisters();
}


void RegisterAllocator::AllocateRegisters() {
  DCHECK(unhandled_live_ranges().empty());

  for (auto range : live_ranges()) {
    if (range == nullptr) continue;
    if (range->Kind() == mode_) {
      AddToUnhandledUnsorted(range);
    }
  }
  SortUnhandled();
  DCHECK(UnhandledIsSorted());

  DCHECK(reusable_slots().empty());
  DCHECK(active_live_ranges().empty());
  DCHECK(inactive_live_ranges().empty());

  if (mode_ == DOUBLE_REGISTERS) {
    for (int i = 0; i < config()->num_aliased_double_registers(); ++i) {
      auto current = fixed_double_live_ranges()[i];
      if (current != nullptr) {
        AddToInactive(current);
      }
    }
  } else {
    DCHECK(mode_ == GENERAL_REGISTERS);
    for (auto current : fixed_live_ranges()) {
      if (current != nullptr) {
        AddToInactive(current);
      }
    }
  }

  while (!unhandled_live_ranges().empty()) {
    DCHECK(UnhandledIsSorted());
    auto current = unhandled_live_ranges().back();
    unhandled_live_ranges().pop_back();
    DCHECK(UnhandledIsSorted());
    auto position = current->Start();
#ifdef DEBUG
    allocation_finger_ = position;
#endif
    TraceAlloc("Processing interval %d start=%d\n", current->id(),
               position.Value());

    if (!current->HasNoSpillType()) {
      TraceAlloc("Live range %d already has a spill operand\n", current->id());
      auto next_pos = position;
      if (code()->IsGapAt(next_pos.InstructionIndex())) {
        next_pos = next_pos.NextInstruction();
      }
      auto pos = current->NextUsePositionRegisterIsBeneficial(next_pos);
      // If the range already has a spill operand and it doesn't need a
      // register immediately, split it and spill the first part of the range.
      if (pos == nullptr) {
        Spill(current);
        continue;
      } else if (pos->pos().Value() >
                 current->Start().NextInstruction().Value()) {
        // Do not spill live range eagerly if use position that can benefit from
        // the register is too close to the start of live range.
        SpillBetween(current, current->Start(), pos->pos());
        if (!AllocationOk()) return;
        DCHECK(UnhandledIsSorted());
        continue;
      }
    }

    if (FLAG_turbo_reuse_spill_slots) {
      if (TryReuseSpillForPhi(current)) {
        continue;
      }
      if (!AllocationOk()) return;
    }

    for (size_t i = 0; i < active_live_ranges().size(); ++i) {
      auto cur_active = active_live_ranges()[i];
      if (cur_active->End().Value() <= position.Value()) {
        ActiveToHandled(cur_active);
        --i;  // The live range was removed from the list of active live ranges.
      } else if (!cur_active->Covers(position)) {
        ActiveToInactive(cur_active);
        --i;  // The live range was removed from the list of active live ranges.
      }
    }

    for (size_t i = 0; i < inactive_live_ranges().size(); ++i) {
      auto cur_inactive = inactive_live_ranges()[i];
      if (cur_inactive->End().Value() <= position.Value()) {
        InactiveToHandled(cur_inactive);
        --i;  // Live range was removed from the list of inactive live ranges.
      } else if (cur_inactive->Covers(position)) {
        InactiveToActive(cur_inactive);
        --i;  // Live range was removed from the list of inactive live ranges.
      }
    }

    DCHECK(!current->HasRegisterAssigned() && !current->IsSpilled());

    bool result = TryAllocateFreeReg(current);
    if (!AllocationOk()) return;

    if (!result) AllocateBlockedReg(current);
    if (!AllocationOk()) return;

    if (current->HasRegisterAssigned()) {
      AddToActive(current);
    }
  }

  reusable_slots().clear();
  active_live_ranges().clear();
  inactive_live_ranges().clear();
}


const char* RegisterAllocator::RegisterName(int allocation_index) {
  if (mode_ == GENERAL_REGISTERS) {
    return config()->general_register_name(allocation_index);
  } else {
    return config()->double_register_name(allocation_index);
  }
}


bool RegisterAllocator::HasTaggedValue(int virtual_register) const {
  return code()->IsReference(virtual_register);
}


RegisterKind RegisterAllocator::RequiredRegisterKind(
    int virtual_register) const {
  return (code()->IsDouble(virtual_register)) ? DOUBLE_REGISTERS
                                              : GENERAL_REGISTERS;
}


void RegisterAllocator::AddToActive(LiveRange* range) {
  TraceAlloc("Add live range %d to active\n", range->id());
  active_live_ranges().push_back(range);
}


void RegisterAllocator::AddToInactive(LiveRange* range) {
  TraceAlloc("Add live range %d to inactive\n", range->id());
  inactive_live_ranges().push_back(range);
}


void RegisterAllocator::AddToUnhandledSorted(LiveRange* range) {
  if (range == nullptr || range->IsEmpty()) return;
  DCHECK(!range->HasRegisterAssigned() && !range->IsSpilled());
  DCHECK(allocation_finger_.Value() <= range->Start().Value());
  for (int i = static_cast<int>(unhandled_live_ranges().size() - 1); i >= 0;
       --i) {
    auto cur_range = unhandled_live_ranges().at(i);
    if (!range->ShouldBeAllocatedBefore(cur_range)) continue;
    TraceAlloc("Add live range %d to unhandled at %d\n", range->id(), i + 1);
    auto it = unhandled_live_ranges().begin() + (i + 1);
    unhandled_live_ranges().insert(it, range);
    DCHECK(UnhandledIsSorted());
    return;
  }
  TraceAlloc("Add live range %d to unhandled at start\n", range->id());
  unhandled_live_ranges().insert(unhandled_live_ranges().begin(), range);
  DCHECK(UnhandledIsSorted());
}


void RegisterAllocator::AddToUnhandledUnsorted(LiveRange* range) {
  if (range == nullptr || range->IsEmpty()) return;
  DCHECK(!range->HasRegisterAssigned() && !range->IsSpilled());
  TraceAlloc("Add live range %d to unhandled unsorted at end\n", range->id());
  unhandled_live_ranges().push_back(range);
}


static bool UnhandledSortHelper(LiveRange* a, LiveRange* b) {
  DCHECK(!a->ShouldBeAllocatedBefore(b) || !b->ShouldBeAllocatedBefore(a));
  if (a->ShouldBeAllocatedBefore(b)) return false;
  if (b->ShouldBeAllocatedBefore(a)) return true;
  return a->id() < b->id();
}


// Sort the unhandled live ranges so that the ranges to be processed first are
// at the end of the array list.  This is convenient for the register allocation
// algorithm because it is efficient to remove elements from the end.
void RegisterAllocator::SortUnhandled() {
  TraceAlloc("Sort unhandled\n");
  std::sort(unhandled_live_ranges().begin(), unhandled_live_ranges().end(),
            &UnhandledSortHelper);
}


bool RegisterAllocator::UnhandledIsSorted() {
  size_t len = unhandled_live_ranges().size();
  for (size_t i = 1; i < len; i++) {
    auto a = unhandled_live_ranges().at(i - 1);
    auto b = unhandled_live_ranges().at(i);
    if (a->Start().Value() < b->Start().Value()) return false;
  }
  return true;
}


void RegisterAllocator::FreeSpillSlot(LiveRange* range) {
  DCHECK(!FLAG_turbo_reuse_spill_slots);
  // Check that we are the last range.
  if (range->next() != nullptr) return;
  if (!range->TopLevel()->HasSpillOperand()) return;
  auto spill_operand = range->TopLevel()->GetSpillOperand();
  if (spill_operand->IsConstant()) return;
  if (spill_operand->index() >= 0) {
    reusable_slots().push_back(range);
  }
}


InstructionOperand* RegisterAllocator::TryReuseSpillSlot(LiveRange* range) {
  DCHECK(!FLAG_turbo_reuse_spill_slots);
  if (reusable_slots().empty()) return nullptr;
  if (reusable_slots().front()->End().Value() >
      range->TopLevel()->Start().Value()) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  auto result = reusable_slots().front()->TopLevel()->GetSpillOperand();
  reusable_slots().erase(reusable_slots().begin());
  return result;
}


void RegisterAllocator::ActiveToHandled(LiveRange* range) {
  RemoveElement(&active_live_ranges(), range);
  TraceAlloc("Moving live range %d from active to handled\n", range->id());
  if (!FLAG_turbo_reuse_spill_slots) FreeSpillSlot(range);
}


void RegisterAllocator::ActiveToInactive(LiveRange* range) {
  RemoveElement(&active_live_ranges(), range);
  inactive_live_ranges().push_back(range);
  TraceAlloc("Moving live range %d from active to inactive\n", range->id());
}


void RegisterAllocator::InactiveToHandled(LiveRange* range) {
  RemoveElement(&inactive_live_ranges(), range);
  TraceAlloc("Moving live range %d from inactive to handled\n", range->id());
  if (!FLAG_turbo_reuse_spill_slots) FreeSpillSlot(range);
}


void RegisterAllocator::InactiveToActive(LiveRange* range) {
  RemoveElement(&inactive_live_ranges(), range);
  active_live_ranges().push_back(range);
  TraceAlloc("Moving live range %d from inactive to active\n", range->id());
}


bool RegisterAllocator::TryAllocateFreeReg(LiveRange* current) {
  LifetimePosition free_until_pos[RegisterConfiguration::kMaxDoubleRegisters];

  for (int i = 0; i < num_registers_; i++) {
    free_until_pos[i] = LifetimePosition::MaxPosition();
  }

  for (auto cur_active : active_live_ranges()) {
    free_until_pos[cur_active->assigned_register()] =
        LifetimePosition::FromInstructionIndex(0);
  }

  for (auto cur_inactive : inactive_live_ranges()) {
    DCHECK(cur_inactive->End().Value() > current->Start().Value());
    auto next_intersection = cur_inactive->FirstIntersection(current);
    if (!next_intersection.IsValid()) continue;
    int cur_reg = cur_inactive->assigned_register();
    free_until_pos[cur_reg] = Min(free_until_pos[cur_reg], next_intersection);
  }

  auto hint = current->FirstHint();
  if (hint != nullptr && (hint->IsRegister() || hint->IsDoubleRegister())) {
    int register_index = hint->index();
    TraceAlloc(
        "Found reg hint %s (free until [%d) for live range %d (end %d[).\n",
        RegisterName(register_index), free_until_pos[register_index].Value(),
        current->id(), current->End().Value());

    // The desired register is free until the end of the current live range.
    if (free_until_pos[register_index].Value() >= current->End().Value()) {
      TraceAlloc("Assigning preferred reg %s to live range %d\n",
                 RegisterName(register_index), current->id());
      SetLiveRangeAssignedRegister(current, register_index);
      return true;
    }
  }

  // Find the register which stays free for the longest time.
  int reg = 0;
  for (int i = 1; i < RegisterCount(); ++i) {
    if (free_until_pos[i].Value() > free_until_pos[reg].Value()) {
      reg = i;
    }
  }

  auto pos = free_until_pos[reg];

  if (pos.Value() <= current->Start().Value()) {
    // All registers are blocked.
    return false;
  }

  if (pos.Value() < current->End().Value()) {
    // Register reg is available at the range start but becomes blocked before
    // the range end. Split current at position where it becomes blocked.
    auto tail = SplitRangeAt(current, pos);
    if (!AllocationOk()) return false;
    AddToUnhandledSorted(tail);
  }

  // Register reg is available at the range start and is free until
  // the range end.
  DCHECK(pos.Value() >= current->End().Value());
  TraceAlloc("Assigning free reg %s to live range %d\n", RegisterName(reg),
             current->id());
  SetLiveRangeAssignedRegister(current, reg);

  return true;
}


void RegisterAllocator::AllocateBlockedReg(LiveRange* current) {
  auto register_use = current->NextRegisterPosition(current->Start());
  if (register_use == nullptr) {
    // There is no use in the current live range that requires a register.
    // We can just spill it.
    Spill(current);
    return;
  }

  LifetimePosition use_pos[RegisterConfiguration::kMaxDoubleRegisters];
  LifetimePosition block_pos[RegisterConfiguration::kMaxDoubleRegisters];

  for (int i = 0; i < num_registers_; i++) {
    use_pos[i] = block_pos[i] = LifetimePosition::MaxPosition();
  }

  for (auto range : active_live_ranges()) {
    int cur_reg = range->assigned_register();
    if (range->IsFixed() || !range->CanBeSpilled(current->Start())) {
      block_pos[cur_reg] = use_pos[cur_reg] =
          LifetimePosition::FromInstructionIndex(0);
    } else {
      auto next_use =
          range->NextUsePositionRegisterIsBeneficial(current->Start());
      if (next_use == nullptr) {
        use_pos[cur_reg] = range->End();
      } else {
        use_pos[cur_reg] = next_use->pos();
      }
    }
  }

  for (auto range : inactive_live_ranges()) {
    DCHECK(range->End().Value() > current->Start().Value());
    auto next_intersection = range->FirstIntersection(current);
    if (!next_intersection.IsValid()) continue;
    int cur_reg = range->assigned_register();
    if (range->IsFixed()) {
      block_pos[cur_reg] = Min(block_pos[cur_reg], next_intersection);
      use_pos[cur_reg] = Min(block_pos[cur_reg], use_pos[cur_reg]);
    } else {
      use_pos[cur_reg] = Min(use_pos[cur_reg], next_intersection);
    }
  }

  int reg = 0;
  for (int i = 1; i < RegisterCount(); ++i) {
    if (use_pos[i].Value() > use_pos[reg].Value()) {
      reg = i;
    }
  }

  auto pos = use_pos[reg];

  if (pos.Value() < register_use->pos().Value()) {
    // All registers are blocked before the first use that requires a register.
    // Spill starting part of live range up to that use.
    SpillBetween(current, current->Start(), register_use->pos());
    return;
  }

  if (block_pos[reg].Value() < current->End().Value()) {
    // Register becomes blocked before the current range end. Split before that
    // position.
    LiveRange* tail = SplitBetween(current, current->Start(),
                                   block_pos[reg].InstructionStart());
    if (!AllocationOk()) return;
    AddToUnhandledSorted(tail);
  }

  // Register reg is not blocked for the whole range.
  DCHECK(block_pos[reg].Value() >= current->End().Value());
  TraceAlloc("Assigning blocked reg %s to live range %d\n", RegisterName(reg),
             current->id());
  SetLiveRangeAssignedRegister(current, reg);

  // This register was not free. Thus we need to find and spill
  // parts of active and inactive live regions that use the same register
  // at the same lifetime positions as current.
  SplitAndSpillIntersecting(current);
}


static const InstructionBlock* GetContainingLoop(
    const InstructionSequence* sequence, const InstructionBlock* block) {
  auto index = block->loop_header();
  if (!index.IsValid()) return nullptr;
  return sequence->InstructionBlockAt(index);
}


LifetimePosition RegisterAllocator::FindOptimalSpillingPos(
    LiveRange* range, LifetimePosition pos) {
  auto block = GetInstructionBlock(pos.InstructionStart());
  auto loop_header =
      block->IsLoopHeader() ? block : GetContainingLoop(code(), block);

  if (loop_header == nullptr) return pos;

  auto prev_use = range->PreviousUsePositionRegisterIsBeneficial(pos);

  while (loop_header != nullptr) {
    // We are going to spill live range inside the loop.
    // If possible try to move spilling position backwards to loop header.
    // This will reduce number of memory moves on the back edge.
    auto loop_start = LifetimePosition::FromInstructionIndex(
        loop_header->first_instruction_index());

    if (range->Covers(loop_start)) {
      if (prev_use == nullptr || prev_use->pos().Value() < loop_start.Value()) {
        // No register beneficial use inside the loop before the pos.
        pos = loop_start;
      }
    }

    // Try hoisting out to an outer loop.
    loop_header = GetContainingLoop(code(), loop_header);
  }

  return pos;
}


void RegisterAllocator::SplitAndSpillIntersecting(LiveRange* current) {
  DCHECK(current->HasRegisterAssigned());
  int reg = current->assigned_register();
  auto split_pos = current->Start();
  for (size_t i = 0; i < active_live_ranges().size(); ++i) {
    auto range = active_live_ranges()[i];
    if (range->assigned_register() == reg) {
      auto next_pos = range->NextRegisterPosition(current->Start());
      auto spill_pos = FindOptimalSpillingPos(range, split_pos);
      if (next_pos == nullptr) {
        SpillAfter(range, spill_pos);
      } else {
        // When spilling between spill_pos and next_pos ensure that the range
        // remains spilled at least until the start of the current live range.
        // This guarantees that we will not introduce new unhandled ranges that
        // start before the current range as this violates allocation invariant
        // and will lead to an inconsistent state of active and inactive
        // live-ranges: ranges are allocated in order of their start positions,
        // ranges are retired from active/inactive when the start of the
        // current live-range is larger than their end.
        SpillBetweenUntil(range, spill_pos, current->Start(), next_pos->pos());
      }
      if (!AllocationOk()) return;
      ActiveToHandled(range);
      --i;
    }
  }

  for (size_t i = 0; i < inactive_live_ranges().size(); ++i) {
    auto range = inactive_live_ranges()[i];
    DCHECK(range->End().Value() > current->Start().Value());
    if (range->assigned_register() == reg && !range->IsFixed()) {
      LifetimePosition next_intersection = range->FirstIntersection(current);
      if (next_intersection.IsValid()) {
        UsePosition* next_pos = range->NextRegisterPosition(current->Start());
        if (next_pos == nullptr) {
          SpillAfter(range, split_pos);
        } else {
          next_intersection = Min(next_intersection, next_pos->pos());
          SpillBetween(range, split_pos, next_intersection);
        }
        if (!AllocationOk()) return;
        InactiveToHandled(range);
        --i;
      }
    }
  }
}


bool RegisterAllocator::IsBlockBoundary(LifetimePosition pos) {
  return pos.IsInstructionStart() &&
         InstructionAt(pos.InstructionIndex())->IsBlockStart();
}


LiveRange* RegisterAllocator::SplitRangeAt(LiveRange* range,
                                           LifetimePosition pos) {
  DCHECK(!range->IsFixed());
  TraceAlloc("Splitting live range %d at %d\n", range->id(), pos.Value());

  if (pos.Value() <= range->Start().Value()) return range;

  // We can't properly connect liveranges if split occured at the end
  // of control instruction.
  DCHECK(pos.IsInstructionStart() ||
         !InstructionAt(pos.InstructionIndex())->IsControl());

  int vreg = GetVirtualRegister();
  if (!AllocationOk()) return nullptr;
  auto result = LiveRangeFor(vreg);
  range->SplitAt(pos, result, local_zone());
  return result;
}


LiveRange* RegisterAllocator::SplitBetween(LiveRange* range,
                                           LifetimePosition start,
                                           LifetimePosition end) {
  DCHECK(!range->IsFixed());
  TraceAlloc("Splitting live range %d in position between [%d, %d]\n",
             range->id(), start.Value(), end.Value());

  auto split_pos = FindOptimalSplitPos(start, end);
  DCHECK(split_pos.Value() >= start.Value());
  return SplitRangeAt(range, split_pos);
}


LifetimePosition RegisterAllocator::FindOptimalSplitPos(LifetimePosition start,
                                                        LifetimePosition end) {
  int start_instr = start.InstructionIndex();
  int end_instr = end.InstructionIndex();
  DCHECK(start_instr <= end_instr);

  // We have no choice
  if (start_instr == end_instr) return end;

  auto start_block = GetInstructionBlock(start);
  auto end_block = GetInstructionBlock(end);

  if (end_block == start_block) {
    // The interval is split in the same basic block. Split at the latest
    // possible position.
    return end;
  }

  auto block = end_block;
  // Find header of outermost loop.
  // TODO(titzer): fix redundancy below.
  while (GetContainingLoop(code(), block) != nullptr &&
         GetContainingLoop(code(), block)->rpo_number().ToInt() >
             start_block->rpo_number().ToInt()) {
    block = GetContainingLoop(code(), block);
  }

  // We did not find any suitable outer loop. Split at the latest possible
  // position unless end_block is a loop header itself.
  if (block == end_block && !end_block->IsLoopHeader()) return end;

  return LifetimePosition::FromInstructionIndex(
      block->first_instruction_index());
}


void RegisterAllocator::SpillAfter(LiveRange* range, LifetimePosition pos) {
  auto second_part = SplitRangeAt(range, pos);
  if (!AllocationOk()) return;
  Spill(second_part);
}


void RegisterAllocator::SpillBetween(LiveRange* range, LifetimePosition start,
                                     LifetimePosition end) {
  SpillBetweenUntil(range, start, start, end);
}


void RegisterAllocator::SpillBetweenUntil(LiveRange* range,
                                          LifetimePosition start,
                                          LifetimePosition until,
                                          LifetimePosition end) {
  CHECK(start.Value() < end.Value());
  auto second_part = SplitRangeAt(range, start);
  if (!AllocationOk()) return;

  if (second_part->Start().Value() < end.Value()) {
    // The split result intersects with [start, end[.
    // Split it at position between ]start+1, end[, spill the middle part
    // and put the rest to unhandled.
    auto third_part = SplitBetween(
        second_part, Max(second_part->Start().InstructionEnd(), until),
        end.PrevInstruction().InstructionEnd());
    if (!AllocationOk()) return;

    DCHECK(third_part != second_part);

    Spill(second_part);
    AddToUnhandledSorted(third_part);
  } else {
    // The split result does not intersect with [start, end[.
    // Nothing to spill. Just put it to unhandled as whole.
    AddToUnhandledSorted(second_part);
  }
}


void RegisterAllocator::Spill(LiveRange* range) {
  DCHECK(!range->IsSpilled());
  TraceAlloc("Spilling live range %d\n", range->id());
  auto first = range->TopLevel();
  if (first->HasNoSpillType()) {
    if (FLAG_turbo_reuse_spill_slots) {
      AssignSpillRangeToLiveRange(first);
    } else {
      auto op = TryReuseSpillSlot(range);
      if (op == nullptr) {
        // Allocate a new operand referring to the spill slot.
        RegisterKind kind = range->Kind();
        int index = frame()->AllocateSpillSlot(kind == DOUBLE_REGISTERS);
        auto op_kind = kind == DOUBLE_REGISTERS
                           ? InstructionOperand::DOUBLE_STACK_SLOT
                           : InstructionOperand::STACK_SLOT;
        op = new (code_zone()) InstructionOperand(op_kind, index);
      }
      first->SetSpillOperand(op);
    }
  }
  range->MakeSpilled();
}


int RegisterAllocator::RegisterCount() const { return num_registers_; }


#ifdef DEBUG


void RegisterAllocator::Verify() const {
  for (auto current : live_ranges()) {
    if (current != nullptr) current->Verify();
  }
}


#endif


void RegisterAllocator::SetLiveRangeAssignedRegister(LiveRange* range,
                                                     int reg) {
  if (range->Kind() == DOUBLE_REGISTERS) {
    assigned_double_registers_->Add(reg);
  } else {
    DCHECK(range->Kind() == GENERAL_REGISTERS);
    assigned_registers_->Add(reg);
  }
  range->set_assigned_register(reg, code_zone());
}

}  // namespace compiler
}  // namespace internal
}  // namespace v8