syzkaller has support for external fuzzing of the network stack. This is achieved by using the TUN/TAP interface. It allows to set up a virtual network interface and send packets to the kernel as they are being received from an external network. This triggers the same paths as a real packet delivered through a real network interface (except for the driver layer).
You need to enable the CONFIG_TUN kernel config to enable external network fuzzing. See initialize_tun() in executor/common_linux.h for the exact way the virtual interface is set up.
The template descriptions can be found in sys/linux/vnet.txt. At this moment there are 2 fake syscalls: syz_emit_ethernet and syz_extract_tcp_res. The first one externally sends a packet through the virtual interface. The second one tries to externally receive a packet back and parse TCP sequence numbers from it for use in subseqent packets. There are many protocols or protocol extensions that are not described yet, so the additions are welcome!
Since fuzzing may be done in mutiple executor proccesses within the same VM instance, we need a way to isolate the virtual networks for different executors. Right now this is done by creating one virtual interface per executor and assigning different MAC, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to each of these interfaces. Then the template descriptions make use of the proc type to generate proper addresses for each executor.
Since many network protocols require checksum fields to be embedded into packets, there‘s a support for describing such fields. There’s a csum type, which right now supports two different kinds of checksumming: the Internet checksum: csum[parent, inet, int16be], and TCP-like pseudo header checksum: csum[tcp_packet, pseudo, IPPROTO_TCP, int16be]. The checksums are computed and embedded right before emitting a packet though the virtual interface. There's also a nice feature: when syzkaller generates a C reproducer, it generates code to compute checksums in runtime as well.
By using syz_emit_ethernet and syz_extract_tcp_res the following syzkaller program is able to establish a TCP connection over IPv4:
mmap(&(0x7f0000000000/0x10000)=nil, (0x10000), 0x3, 0x32, 0xffffffffffffffff, 0x0)
r0 = socket$inet_tcp(0x2, 0x1, 0x0)
bind$inet(r0, &(0x7f0000001000)={0x2, 0x0, @empty=0x0, [0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0]}, 0x10)
listen(r0, 0x5)
syz_emit_ethernet(0x36, &(0x7f0000002000)={@local={[0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa], 0x0}, @random="4c6112cc15d8", [], {{0x800, @ipv4={{0x5, 0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x28, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, @remote={0xac, 0x14, 0x0, 0xbb}, @local={0xac, 0x14, 0x0, 0xaa}, {[]}}, @tcp={{0x1, 0x0, 0x42424242, 0x42424242, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, {[]}}, {""}}}}}})
syz_extract_tcp_res(&(0x7f0000003000)={<r1=>0x42424242, <r2=>0x42424242}, 0x1, 0x0)
syz_emit_ethernet(0x38, &(0x7f0000004000)={@local={[0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa], 0x0}, @remote={[0xbb, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0xbb], 0x0}, [], {{0x800, @ipv4={{0x5, 0x4, 0x0, 0x0, 0x2a, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x6, 0x0, @remote={0xac, 0x14, 0x0, 0xbb}, @local={0xac, 0x14, 0x0, 0xaa}, {[]}}, @tcp={{0x1, 0x0, r2, r1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x10, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, {[]}}, {"0c10"}}}}}})
r3 = accept$inet(r0, &(0x7f0000005000)={0x0, 0x0, @multicast1=0x0, [0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0]}, &(0x7f0000006000)=0x10)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:20000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5477/a.out tcp 2 0 172.20.0.170:20000 172.20.0.187:20001 ESTABLISHED 5477/a.out
Similar program for IPv6:
mmap(&(0x7f0000000000/0x10000)=nil, (0x10000), 0x3, 0x32, 0xffffffffffffffff, 0x0)
r0 = socket$inet6_tcp(0xa, 0x1, 0x0)
bind$inet6(r0, &(0x7f0000000000)={0xa, 0x1, 0x0, @empty={[0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0]}, 0x0}, 0x1c)
listen(r0, 0x5)
syz_emit_ethernet(0x4a, &(0x7f0000001000)={@local={[0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa], 0x0}, @random="de895db1468d", [], {{0x86dd, @ipv6={0x0, 0x6, "a228af", 0x14, 0x6, 0x0, @remote={0xfe, 0x80, [0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0], 0x0, 0xbb}, @local={0xfe, 0x80, [0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0], 0x0, 0xaa}, {[], @tcp={{0x0, 0x1, 0x42424242, 0x42424242, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x2, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, {[]}}, {""}}}}}}})
syz_extract_tcp_res(&(0x7f0000002000)={<r1=>0x42424242, <r2=>0x42424242}, 0x1, 0x0)
syz_emit_ethernet(0x4a, &(0x7f0000003000)={@local={[0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa], 0x0}, @random="de895db1468d", [], {{0x86dd, @ipv6={0x0, 0x6, "a228af", 0x14, 0x6, 0x0, @remote={0xfe, 0x80, [0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0], 0x0, 0xbb}, @local={0xfe, 0x80, [0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0], 0x0, 0xaa}, {[], @tcp={{0x0, 0x1, r2, r1, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5, 0x10, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, {[]}}, {""}}}}}}})
r3 = accept$inet6(r0, &(0x7f0000004000)={0x0, 0x0, 0x0, @empty={[0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0]}, 0x0}, &(0x7f0000005000)=0x1c)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp6 0 0 :::20001 :::* LISTEN 5527/a.out tcp6 0 0 fe80::aa:20001 fe80::bb:20000 ESTABLISHED 5527/a.out