syzbot system continuously fuzzes main Linux kernel branches and automatically reports found bugs to kernel mailing lists. syzbot dashboard shows current statuses of bugs. All syzbot-reported bugs are also CCed to syzkaller-bugs mailing list. Direct all questions to syzkaller@googlegroups.com.
syzbot needs to know when a bug is fixed in order to (1) verify that it is in fact fixed and (2) be able to report other similarly-looking crashes (while a bug is considered open all similarly-looking crashes are merged into the existing bug). To understand when a bug is fixed syzbot needs to know what commit fixes the bug; once syzbot knows the commit it will track when the commit reaches all kernel builds on all tracked branches. Only when the commit reaches all builds, the bug is considered closed (new similarly-looking crashes create a new bug).
If you fix a bug reported by syzbot, please add the provided Reported-by tag to the commit. You can also communicate with syzbot by replying to its emails. The commands are:
Reported-by tag):#syz fix: exact-commit-title
It‘s enough that the commit is merged into any tree or you are reasonably sure about its final title, in particular, you don’t need to wait for the commit to be merged into upstream tree. syzbot only needs to know the title by which it will appear in tested trees. In case of an error or a title change, you can override the commit simply by sending another #syz fix command.
syzbot bug:#syz dup: exact-subject-of-another-report
#syz undup
#syz invalid
Note: if the crash happens again, it will cause creation of a new bug report.
Note: all commands must start from beginning of the line.
Note: please keep syzkaller-bugs@googlegroups.com mailing list in CC. It serves as a history of what happened with each bug report.
syzbot can test patches for bugs with reproducers. This can be used for testing of fix patches, or just for debugging (i.e. adding additional checks to code and testing with them), or to check if the bug still happens. To test on a particular git tree and branch reply with:
#syz test: git://repo/address.git branch
or alternatively, to test on exact commit reply with:
#syz test: git://repo/address.git commit-hash
If you also provide a patch with the email, syzbot will apply it on top of the tree before testing. The patch can be provided either inline in email text or as a text attachment (which is more reliable if your email client messes with whitespaces).
If you don't provide a patch, syzbot will test the tree as is. This is useful if this is your own tree which already contains the patch, or to check if the bug is already fixed by some recent commit.
After sending an email you should get a reply email with results within an hour.
Note: you may send the request only to syzbot email address, as patches sent to some mailing lists (e.g. netdev, netfilter-devel) will trigger patchwork.
Note: see below for KMSAN bugs testing.
Note: see below for USB bugs testing.
There are several additional aspects if the tree is rebuilt/rebased or contains amended/folded patches (namely, linux-next).
First, adding Reported-by tags to amended commits may be misleading. A Reported-by tag suggests that the commit fixes a bug in some previous commit, but here it‘s not the case (it only fixes a bug in a previous version of itself which is not in the tree). In such case it’s recommended to include a Tested-by or a Reviewed-by tag with the hash instead. Technically, syzbot accepts any tag, so With-inputs-from would work too.
Then, if the guilty commit is completely dropped (actually removed from the tree during rebuild), then there is effectively no fixing commit. There is no good way to handle such cases at the moment. One possibility is to mark them with #syz invalid. However this needs to be done only when syzbot picks up the new tree in all builds (current kernel commits can be seen on dashboard). Otherwise, the occurrences of the crash that are still happening in the current build will immediately create a new bug report. Another possibility is to mark it as fixed with some unrelated later commit using #syz fix: some-later-commit. This way syzbot will wait until the commit propagates to all tested trees automatically.
In any case the relation between the report and the fix can later be fixed up using #syz fix: commit-title commands.
syzbot bisects bugs with reproducers to find commit that introduced the bug. syzbot starts with the commit on which the bug was discovered, ensures that it can reproduce the bug and then goes back release-by-release to find the first release where kernel does not crash. Once such release is found, syzbot starts bisection on that range. syzbot has limitation of how far back in time it can go (currently v4.1), going back in time is very hard because of incompatible compiler/linker/asm/perl/make/libc/etc, kernel build/boot breakages and large amounts of bugs.
The predicate for bisection is binary (crash/doesn't crash), syzbot does not look at the exact crash and does not try to differentiate them. This is intentional because lots of bugs can manifest in different ways (sometimes 50+ different ways). For each revision syzbot repeats testing 10 times and a single crash marks revision as bad (lots of bugs are due to races and are hard to trigger).
During bisection syzbot uses different compilers depending on kernel revision (a single compiler can't build all revisions). These compilers are available here. Exact compiler used to test a particular revision is specified in the bisection log.
Bisection is best-effort and may not find the right commit for multiple reasons, including:
A single incorrect decision during bisection leads to an incorrect result, so please treat the results with understanding. You may consult the provided bisection log to see how/why syzbot has arrived to a particular commit. Suggestions and patches that improve bisection quality for common cases are welcome.
syzbot supports cause bisection (find the commit that introduces a bug) and fix bisection (find the commit that fixes a bug).
The web UI for a specific kernel (say upstream linux) shows the Bisected status for all bugs.
syzbot will perform fix bisection on bugs that meet the following criterion:
If you receive an email with fix bisection results you think is correct, please reply with a #syz fix: commit-title so that syzbot can close the bug report.
syzbot aims at providing stand-alone C reproducers for all reported bugs. However, sometimes it can't extract a reproducer at all, or can only extract a syzkaller reproducer. syzkaller reproducers are programs in a special syzkaller notation and they can be executed on the target system with a little bit more effort. See this for instructions.
A syskaller program can also give you an idea as to what syscalls with what arguments were executed (note that some calls can actually be executed in parallel).
A syzkaller program can be converted to an almost equivalent C source using syz-prog2c utility. syz-prog2c has lots of flags in common with syz-execprog, e.g. -threaded/-collide which control if the syscalls are executed sequentially or in parallel. An example invocation:
syz-prog2c -prog repro.syz.txt -enable=all -threaded -collide -repeat -procs=8 -sandbox=namespace -segv -tmpdir -waitrepeat
However, note that if syzbot did not provide a C reproducer, it wasn't able to trigger the bug using the C program (though, it can be just because the bug is triggered by a subtle race condition).
If the provided reproducer does not work for you, most likely it is related to the fact that you have slightly different setup than syzbot. syzbot has obtained the provided crash report on the provided reproducer on a freshly-booted machine, so the reproducer worked for it somehow.
Note: if the report contains userspace arch: i386, then the program needs to be built with -m32 flag.
syzbot uses GCE VMs for testing, but usually it is not important.
If the reproducer exits quickly, try to run it several times, or in a loop. There can be some races involved.
Exact compilers used by syzbot can be found here:
A qemu-suitable Debian/wheezy image can be found here (1GB, compression somehow breaks it), root ssh key for it is here (do chmod 0600 on it). A reference qemu command line to run it is as follows:
qemu-system-x86_64 -smp 2 -m 4G -enable-kvm -cpu host \
-net nic -net user,hostfwd=tcp::10022-:22 \
-kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage -nographic \
-device virtio-scsi-pci,id=scsi \
-device scsi-hd,bus=scsi.0,drive=d0 \
-drive file=wheezy.img,format=raw,if=none,id=d0 \
-append "root=/dev/sda console=ttyS0 earlyprintk=serial rodata=n \
oops=panic panic_on_warn=1 panic=86400 kvm-intel.nested=1 \
security=apparmor ima_policy=tcb workqueue.watchdog_thresh=140 \
nf-conntrack-ftp.ports=20000 nf-conntrack-tftp.ports=20000 \
nf-conntrack-sip.ports=20000 nf-conntrack-irc.ports=20000 \
nf-conntrack-sane.ports=20000 vivid.n_devs=16 \
vivid.multiplanar=1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2 \
spec_store_bypass_disable=prctl nopcid"
And then you can ssh into it using:
ssh -p 10022 -i wheezy.id_rsa root@localhost
Reproducers are best-effort. syzbot always tries to create reproducers, and once it has one it adds it to the bug. If there is no reproducer referenced in a bug, a reproducer does not exist. There are multiple reasons why syzbot can fail to create a reproducer: some crashes are caused by subtle races and are very hard to reproduce in general; some crashes are caused by global accumulated state in kernel (e.g. lockdep reports); some crashes are caused by non-reproducible coincidences (e.g. an integer 0x12345 happened to reference an existing IPC object) and there is long tail of other reasons.
Bugs with reproducers are automatically reported to kernel mailing lists. Bugs without reproducers are first staged in moderation queue to filter out invalid, unactionable or duplicate reports. Staged bugs are shown on dashboard in moderation section and mailed to syzkaller-upstream-moderation mailing list. Staged bugs accept all commands supported for reported bugs (fix, dup, invalid) with a restriction that bugs reported upstream can't be dup-ed onto bugs in moderation queue. Additionally, staged bugs accept upstream command:
#syz upstream
which sends the bug to kernel mailing lists.
KMSAN is a dynamic, compiler-based tool (similar to KASAN) that detects uses of uninitialized values. As compared to (now deleted) KMEMCHECK which simply detected loads of non-stored-to memory, KMSAN tracks precise propagation of uninitialized values through memory and registers and only flags actual eventual uses of uninitialized values. For example, KMSAN will detect a branch on or a copy_to_user() of values that transitively come from uninitialized memory created by heap/stack allocations. This ensures /theoretical/ absense of both false positives and false negatives (with some implementation limitations of course). Note that KMSAN requires clang compiler.
KMSAN is not upstream yet, though, we want to upstream it later. For now, it lives in github.com/google/kmsan and is based on a reasonably fresh upstream tree. As the result, any patch testing requests for KMSAN bugs need to go to KMSAN tree (https://github.com/google/kmsan.git repo, master branch). A standard way for triggering the test with KMSAN tree is to send an email to syzbot+HASH address containing the following line:
#syz test: https://github.com/google/kmsan.git master
and attach/inline your test patch in the same email.
Report explanation. The first call trace points to the use of the uninit value (which is usually a branching or copying it to userspace). Then there are 0 or more “Uninit was stored to memory at:” stacks which denote how the unint value travelled through memory. Finally there is a “Uninit was created at:” section which points either to a heap allocation or a stack variable which is the original source of uninitialized-ness.
syzkaller has an ability to perform fuzzing of the Linux kernel USB stack, see the details here. This requires non-yet-upstreamed kernel changes, and as a result USB fuzzing is only being run on the usb-fuzzer branch of the https://github.com/google/kasan.git tree, and on the master branch of the https://github.com/google/kmsan.git tree.
If the bug report comes from the usb-fuzzer tree, the recommended way for triggering patch testing is to send an email to syzbot+HASH address containing the following line:
#syz test: https://github.com/google/kasan.git commit-hash
and attach/inline your test patch in the same email. commit-hash is the id of the kernel commit on which this bug was reproduced, its value can be found in the initial report email.
If the bug was triggered on the KMSAN tree, follow the instructions above, with the exception that you must also use commit-hash instead of the master branch when testing patches.
syzbot uses KMEMLEAK to find memory leaks in the Linux kernel. KMEMLEAK kernel config is stored here. See KMEMLEAK docs for general info, algorithm overview and usage instructions.
Memory leaks may be tricky to debug because we have only the allocation stack, but we don‘t see where kernel code forgot to free the object or drop a reference. KMEMLEAK can have some false positives on tricky kernel code that hides pointers to live objects and due to memory scanning non-atomicity. But don’t write off everything to false positives right away, the rate of false positives is observed to be very low. In particular, KMEMLEAK is not confused by pointers stored in a middle of another object; and it's not confused if several pointer low bits are used as flags because a pointer into a middle of an object also marks the target as reachable.
A useful litmus test is to remove KMEMLEAK code from the reproducer and run it for longer and/or multiple times. If memory consumption and number of live objects in /proc/slabinfo steadily grow, most likely the leak is real.
KCSAN is a dynamic data-race detector. KCSAN is not upstream yet, though, we want to upstream it later. For now, it lives in github.com/google/ktsan/tree/kcsan and is based on a reasonably fresh upstream tree.
Reproduction of data-races is unsupported, and syzbot is unable to test patches.
While syzbot can test patches that fix bugs, it does not support applying custom patches during fuzzing. It always tests vanilla unmodified git trees. There are several reasons for this:
We've experimented with application of custom patches in the past and it lead to unrecoverable mess. If you want syzbot to pick up patches sooner, ask tree maintainers for priority handling.
However, syzbot kernel config always includes CONFIG_DEBUG_AID_FOR_SYZBOT=y setting, which is not normally present in kernel. What was used for particularly elusive bugs in the past is temporary merging some additional debugging code into linux-next under this config setting (e.g. more debug checks and/or debug output) and waiting for new crash reports from syzbot.
Kernel configs, sysctls and command line arguments that syzbot uses are available in /dashboard/config.
Yes, it is here.