src/unix/terminal.rs

// Copyright 2019 Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
//
// Copyright 2018 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
//
// Copyright 2017 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved.
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause

//! Trait for working with [`termios`](http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/termios.3.html).

use std::io::StdinLock;
use std::mem::zeroed;
use std::os::unix::io::RawFd;

use libc::{
    c_int, fcntl, isatty, read, tcgetattr, tcsetattr, termios, ECHO, F_GETFL, F_SETFL, ICANON,
    ISIG, O_NONBLOCK, STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW,
};

use crate::errno::{errno_result, Result};

fn modify_mode<F: FnOnce(&mut termios)>(fd: RawFd, f: F) -> Result<()> {
    // SAFETY: Safe because we check the return value of isatty.
    if unsafe { isatty(fd) } != 1 {
        return Ok(());
    }

    // SAFETY: The following pair are safe because termios gets totally overwritten by tcgetattr
    // and we check the return result.
    let mut termios: termios = unsafe { zeroed() };
    // SAFETY: The parameter is valid and we check the result.
    let ret = unsafe { tcgetattr(fd, &mut termios as *mut _) };
    if ret < 0 {
        return errno_result();
    }
    let mut new_termios = termios;
    f(&mut new_termios);
    // SAFETY: Safe because the syscall will only read the extent of termios and we check the
    // return result.
    let ret = unsafe { tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &new_termios as *const _) };
    if ret < 0 {
        return errno_result();
    }

    Ok(())
}

fn get_flags(fd: RawFd) -> Result<c_int> {
    // SAFETY: Safe because no third parameter is expected and we check the return result.
    let ret = unsafe { fcntl(fd, F_GETFL) };
    if ret < 0 {
        return errno_result();
    }
    Ok(ret)
}

fn set_flags(fd: RawFd, flags: c_int) -> Result<()> {
    // SAFETY: Safe because we supply the third parameter and we check the return result.
    let ret = unsafe { fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) };
    if ret < 0 {
        return errno_result();
    }
    Ok(())
}

/// Trait for file descriptors that are TTYs, according to
/// [`isatty`](http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/isatty.3.html).
///
/// # Safety
///
/// This is marked unsafe because the implementation must ensure that the returned
/// RawFd is a valid fd and that the lifetime of the returned fd is at least that
/// of the trait object.
pub unsafe trait Terminal {
    /// Get the file descriptor of the TTY.
    fn tty_fd(&self) -> RawFd;

    /// Set this terminal to canonical mode (`ICANON | ECHO | ISIG`).
    ///
    /// Enable canonical mode with `ISIG` that generates signal when receiving
    /// any of the characters INTR, QUIT, SUSP, or DSUSP, and with `ECHO` that echo
    /// the input characters. Refer to
    /// [`termios`](http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/termios.3.html).
    fn set_canon_mode(&self) -> Result<()> {
        modify_mode(self.tty_fd(), |t| t.c_lflag |= ICANON | ECHO | ISIG)
    }

    /// Set this terminal to raw mode.
    ///
    /// Unset the canonical mode with (`!(ICANON | ECHO | ISIG)`) which means
    /// input is available character by character, echoing is disabled and special
    /// signal of receiving characters INTR, QUIT, SUSP, or DSUSP is disabled.
    fn set_raw_mode(&self) -> Result<()> {
        modify_mode(self.tty_fd(), |t| t.c_lflag &= !(ICANON | ECHO | ISIG))
    }

    /// Set this terminal to non-blocking mode.
    ///
    /// If `non_block` is `true`, then `read_raw` will not block.
    /// If `non_block` is `false`, then `read_raw` may block if
    /// there is nothing to read.
    fn set_non_block(&self, non_block: bool) -> Result<()> {
        let old_flags = get_flags(self.tty_fd())?;
        let new_flags = if non_block {
            old_flags | O_NONBLOCK
        } else {
            old_flags & !O_NONBLOCK
        };
        if new_flags != old_flags {
            set_flags(self.tty_fd(), new_flags)?
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Read from a [`Terminal`](trait.Terminal.html).
    ///
    /// Read up to `out.len()` bytes from this terminal without any buffering.
    /// This may block, depending on if non-blocking was enabled with `set_non_block`
    /// or if there are any bytes to read.
    /// If there is at least one byte that is readable, this will not block.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// extern crate vmm_sys_util;
    /// # use std::io;
    /// # use std::os::unix::io::RawFd;
    /// use vmm_sys_util::terminal::Terminal;
    ///
    /// let stdin_handle = io::stdin();
    /// let stdin = stdin_handle.lock();
    /// assert!(stdin.set_non_block(true).is_ok());
    ///
    /// let mut out = [0u8; 0];
    /// assert_eq!(stdin.read_raw(&mut out[..]).unwrap(), 0);
    /// ```
    fn read_raw(&self, out: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
        // SAFETY: Safe because read will only modify the pointer up to the length we give it and
        // we check the return result.
        let ret = unsafe { read(self.tty_fd(), out.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _, out.len()) };
        if ret < 0 {
            return errno_result();
        }

        Ok(ret as usize)
    }
}

// SAFETY: Safe because we return a genuine terminal fd that never changes and shares our lifetime.
unsafe impl<'a> Terminal for StdinLock<'a> {
    fn tty_fd(&self) -> RawFd {
        STDIN_FILENO
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    #![allow(clippy::undocumented_unsafe_blocks)]
    use super::*;
    use std::fs::File;
    use std::io;
    use std::os::unix::io::AsRawFd;
    use std::path::Path;

    unsafe impl Terminal for File {
        fn tty_fd(&self) -> RawFd {
            self.as_raw_fd()
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_a_tty() {
        let stdin_handle = io::stdin();
        let stdin = stdin_handle.lock();

        assert!(stdin.set_canon_mode().is_ok());
        assert!(stdin.set_raw_mode().is_ok());
        assert!(stdin.set_raw_mode().is_ok());
        assert!(stdin.set_canon_mode().is_ok());
        assert!(stdin.set_non_block(true).is_ok());
        let mut out = [0u8; 0];
        assert!(stdin.read_raw(&mut out[..]).is_ok());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_a_non_tty() {
        let file = File::open(Path::new("/dev/zero")).unwrap();
        assert!(file.set_canon_mode().is_ok());
    }
}