[3.11] Improve int test coverage (GH-104024) (#104026)

Improve int test coverage (GH-104024)

Following discussion in https://discuss.python.org/t/bug-in-int-42/26360/5

This tests some of the things documented in https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/100436

(cherry picked from commit 69bc86cb1aed49db27afc0095e0f4bcd8f1f3983)

Co-authored-by: Shantanu <12621235+hauntsaninja@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Gregory P. Smith <greg@krypto.org>
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