Update the Windows Kokoro build for Docker-based VM

 * Switch Windows externals from VS 2017 to VS 2022.
 * Create parent directories of dest dir for the sake of CI.
 * [in CI only] Disable git safe directory checking.

Bug: http://b/278137784
Test: kokoro presubmit
Change-Id: Id532224c61531498c6c29bb86446c27ee3a63002
2 files changed